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Ozsvar J, Gissler M, Lavebratt C, Nilsson IAK. Exposures during pregnancy and at birth are associated with the risk of offspring eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord 2023; 56:2232-2249. [PMID: 37646613 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eating disorders (ED) are severe psychiatric disorders, commonly debuting early. Aberrances in the intrauterine environment and at birth have been associated with risk of ED. Here, we explore if, and at what effect size, a variety of such exposures associate with offspring ED, that is, anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS). METHODS This population-based cohort study, conducted from September 2021 to August 2023, used Finnish national registries of all live births in 1996-2014 (N = 1,097,753). Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to compare ED risk in exposed versus unexposed offspring, adjusting for potential confounders and performing sex-stratified analyses. RESULTS A total of 6614 offspring were diagnosed with an ED; 3668 AN, 666 BN, and 4248 EDNOS. Lower risk of offspring AN was seen with young mothers, continued smoking, and instrumental delivery, while higher risk was seen with older mothers, inflammatory disorders, prematurity, small for gestational age, and low Apgar. Offspring risk of BN was higher with continued smoking and prematurity, while lower with postmature birth. Offspring risk of EDNOS was lower with instrumental delivery, higher for older mothers, polycystic ovary syndrome, insulin-treated pregestational diabetes, antibacterial treatment, prematurity, and small for gestational age. Sex-specific associations were found. CONCLUSIONS Several prenatal and at birth exposures are associated with offspring ED; however, we cannot exclude confounding by maternal BMI. Nevertheless, several exposures selectively associate with risk of either AN, BN, or EDNOS, and some are sex-specific, emphasizing the importance of subtype- and sex-stratified analyses of ED. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE We define environmental factors involved in the development of different ED, of importance as preventive measure, but also in order to aid in defining the molecular pathways involved and thus in the longer perspective contribute to the development of pharmacological treatment of ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Ozsvar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mika Gissler
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Knowledge Brokers, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Catharina Lavebratt
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ida A K Nilsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Eating Disorders Innovation, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Goud TJ. Epigenetic and Long-Term Effects of Nicotine on Biology, Behavior, and Health. Pharmacol Res 2023; 192:106741. [PMID: 37149116 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco and nicotine use are associated with disease susceptibility and progression. Health challenges associated with nicotine and smoking include developmental delays, addiction, mental health and behavioral changes, lung disease, cardiovascular disease, endocrine disorders, diabetes, immune system changes, and cancer. Increasing evidence suggests that nicotine-associated epigenetic changes may mediate or moderate the development and progression of a myriad of negative health outcomes. In addition, nicotine exposure may confer increased lifelong susceptibility to disease and mental health challenges through alteration of epigenetic signaling. This review examines the relationship between nicotine exposure (and smoking), epigenetic changes, and maladaptive outcomes that include developmental disorders, addiction, mental health challenges, pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease, endocrine disorders, diabetes, immune system changes, and cancer. Overall, findings support the contention that nicotine (or smoking) associated altered epigenetic signaling is a contributing factor to disease and health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Goud
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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3
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Varela RB, Cararo JH, Tye SJ, Carvalho AF, Valvassori SS, Fries GR, Quevedo J. Contributions of epigenetic inheritance to the predisposition of major psychiatric disorders: theoretical framework, evidence, and implications. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 135:104579. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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4
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Oyaci Y, Aytac HM, Pasin O, Cetinay Aydin P, Pehlivan S. Detection of altered methylation of MB-COMT promotor and DRD2 gene in cannabinoid or synthetic cannabinoid use disorder regarding gene variants and clinical parameters. J Addict Dis 2021; 39:526-536. [PMID: 33781176 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2021.1906618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the association between cannabinoid use disorder (CUD) or synthetic cannabinoid use disorder (SCUD) and methylation status of MB-COMT (membrane-bound catechol-O-methyltransferase) promotor or DRD2 gene considering gene variants and clinical parameters. Based on the DSM-5 criteria, 218 CUD/SCUD patients' diagnoses were confirmed with a positive urine test, and a control group consisting of 102 participants without substance use disorders was included. Methylation-specific PCR was used to identify the methylation of the MB-COMT promotor and DRD2 gene. DRD2-141C Ins/Del and COMT Val158Met gene variants were evaluated by using PCR-RFLP. When the DRD2 and MB-COMT promoter methylation of CUD/SCUD patients were compared with the control group, there was a significant difference between the MB-COMT promoter methylation status of the two groups. When comparing DRD2 gene methylation due to clinical parameters and DRD2 genotype distribution in patients, the methylation status was significantly different between the groups due to the family history. Again, comparing the MB-COMT promotor methylation due to the COMT Val158Met genotype distribution and clinical parameters in patients, the MB-COMT promoter methylation status was significantly different between the groups due to the presence of alcohol usage. In summary, whereas the MB-COMT promoter methylation may be associated with the CUD/SCUD, the methylation of the DRD2 gene was not related to CUD/SCUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Oyaci
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasan Mervan Aytac
- Department of Psychiatry, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozge Pasin
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pinar Cetinay Aydin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Health Sciences, Psychiatry Clinic, Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sacide Pehlivan
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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5
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Catechol-O-methyltransferase gene promoter methylation as a peripheral biomarker in male schizophrenia. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 44:39-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractAs an epigenetic modification, DNA methylation may reflect the interaction between genetic and environmental factors in the development of schizophrenia (SCZ). Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene is a promising candidate gene of SCZ. In the present study, we investigate the association of COMT methylation with the risk of SCZ using bisulfite pyrosequencing technology. Significant association between DNA methylation of COMT and the risk of SCZ is identified (P = 1.618e−007). A breakdown analysis by gender shows that the significance is driven by males (P = 3.310e−009), but not by females. DNA methylation of COMT is not significantly associated with SCZ clinical phenotypes, including p300 and cysteine level. No interaction is found between COMT genotypes and the percent methylation of this gene. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve shows that DNA methylation of COMT is able to predict the SCZ risk in males (area under curve [AUC] = 0.802, P = 1.91e−007). The current study indicates the clinical value of COMT methylation as a potential male-specific biomarker in SCZ diagnosis.
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6
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Verde Z. New Biomarkers for Smoking: Epigenetic Changes. Arch Bronconeumol 2018; 55:293-294. [PMID: 30528185 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zoraida Verde
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Physiology, Universidad de Valladolid, Soria, España.
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7
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Prom-Wormley EC, Ebejer J, Dick DM, Bowers MS. The genetic epidemiology of substance use disorder: A review. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 180:241-259. [PMID: 28938182 PMCID: PMC5911369 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use disorder (SUD) remains a significant public health issue. A greater understanding of how genes and environment interact to regulate phenotypes comprising SUD will facilitate directed treatments and prevention. METHODS The literature studying the neurobiological correlates of SUD with a focus on the genetic and environmental influences underlying these mechanisms was reviewed. Results from twin/family, human genetic association, gene-environment interaction, epigenetic literature, phenome-wide association studies are summarized for alcohol, nicotine, cannabinoids, cocaine, and opioids. RESULTS There are substantial genetic influences on SUD that are expected to influence multiple neurotransmission pathways, and these influences are particularly important within the dopaminergic system. Genetic influences involved in other aspects of SUD etiology including drug processing and metabolism are also identified. Studies of gene-environment interaction emphasize the importance of environmental context in SUD. Epigenetic studies indicate drug-specific changes in gene expression as well as differences in gene expression related to the use of multiple substances. Further, gene expression is expected to differ by stage of SUD such as substance initiation versus chronic substance use. While a substantial literature has developed for alcohol and nicotine use disorders, there is comparatively less information for other commonly abused substances. CONCLUSIONS A better understanding of genetically-mediated mechanisms involved in the neurobiology of SUD provides increased opportunity to develop behavioral and biologically based treatment and prevention of SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Prom-Wormley
- Dvision of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980212, Richmond, VA 23298-0212, USA.
| | - Jane Ebejer
- School of Cognitive Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 842509, Richmond, VA 23284-2509, USA
| | - M Scott Bowers
- Faulk Center for Molecular Therapeutics, Biomedical Engeneering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
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8
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Chatterton Z, Hartley BJ, Seok MH, Mendelev N, Chen S, Milekic M, Rosoklija G, Stankov A, Trencevsja-Ivanovska I, Brennand K, Ge Y, Dwork AJ, Haghighi F. In utero exposure to maternal smoking is associated with DNA methylation alterations and reduced neuronal content in the developing fetal brain. Epigenetics Chromatin 2017; 10:4. [PMID: 28149327 PMCID: PMC5270321 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-017-0111-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intrauterine exposure to maternal smoking is linked to impaired executive function and behavioral problems in the offspring. Maternal smoking is associated with reduced fetal brain growth and smaller volume of cortical gray matter in childhood, indicating that prenatal exposure to tobacco may impact cortical development and manifest as behavioral problems. Cellular development is mediated by changes in epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, which can be affected by exposure to tobacco. Results In this study, we sought to ascertain how maternal smoking during pregnancy affects global DNA methylation profiles of the developing dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during the second trimester of gestation. When DLPFC methylation profiles (assayed via Illumina, HM450) of smoking-exposed and unexposed fetuses were compared, no differentially methylated regions (DMRs) passed the false discovery correction (FDR ≤ 0.05). However, the most significant DMRs were hypomethylated CpG Islands within the promoter regions of GNA15 and SDHAP3 of smoking-exposed fetuses. Interestingly, the developmental up-regulation of SDHAP3 mRNA was delayed in smoking-exposed fetuses. Interaction analysis between gestational age and smoking exposure identified significant DMRs annotated to SYCE3, C21orf56/LSS, SPAG1 and RNU12/POLDIP3 that passed FDR. Furthermore, utilizing established methods to estimate cell proportions by DNA methylation, we found that exposed DLPFC samples contained a lower proportion of neurons in samples from fetuses exposed to maternal smoking. We also show through in vitro experiments that nicotine impedes the differentiation of neurons independent of cell death. Conclusions We found evidence that intrauterine smoking exposure alters the developmental patterning of DNA methylation and gene expression and is associated with reduced mature neuronal content, effects that are likely driven by nicotine. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13072-017-0111-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zac Chatterton
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029 USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave, Floor 10, Room 10-70D, New York, NY 10029 USA.,Medical Epigenetics, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468 USA
| | - Brigham J Hartley
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029 USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave, Floor 10, Room 10-70D, New York, NY 10029 USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Man-Ho Seok
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029 USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave, Floor 10, Room 10-70D, New York, NY 10029 USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Natalia Mendelev
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029 USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave, Floor 10, Room 10-70D, New York, NY 10029 USA.,Medical Epigenetics, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468 USA
| | - Sean Chen
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029 USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave, Floor 10, Room 10-70D, New York, NY 10029 USA.,Medical Epigenetics, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468 USA
| | - Maria Milekic
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Gorazd Rosoklija
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 USA.,Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, Macedonia.,School of Medicine, Skopje, Macedonia
| | | | | | - Kristen Brennand
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029 USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave, Floor 10, Room 10-70D, New York, NY 10029 USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Yongchao Ge
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Andrew J Dwork
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 USA.,Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Fatemeh Haghighi
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029 USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave, Floor 10, Room 10-70D, New York, NY 10029 USA.,Medical Epigenetics, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468 USA
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9
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Abstract
To advance our knowledge of the influence of environmental exposures on human health and disease, robust studies are needed. However, for many exposures, robust studies are not feasible due to limitations with current ascertainment methods and/or study designs. Epigenetics, the study of mitotically heritable, reversible information that regulates critical cell processes, has gained much attention because it offers a potential mechanism to explain how exposures can influence cell states. Therefore, most studies have focused on epigenetics as a mechanism for disease. However, emerging evidence also suggests that epigenetic marks may also serve as biomarkers of exposure. Here, we highlight findings showing that the epigenome is labile to the environment and that these exposure-associated changes show long-term stability, are specific, are detectable in accessible tissues, can predict exposure status, and can be practically implemented, thus supporting the potential for epigenetic patterns to serve as robust measures of environmental exposure.
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10
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Current and Future Prospects for Epigenetic Biomarkers of Substance Use Disorders. Genes (Basel) 2015; 6:991-1022. [PMID: 26473933 PMCID: PMC4690026 DOI: 10.3390/genes6040991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Substance abuse has an enormous impact on economic and quality of life measures throughout the world. In more developed countries, overutilization of the most common forms of substances of abuse, alcohol and tobacco, is addressed primarily through prevention of substance use initiation and secondarily through the treatment of those with substance abuse or dependence. In general, these therapeutic approaches to substance abuse are deemed effective. However, there is a broad consensus that the development of additional tools to aid diagnosis, prioritize treatment selection and monitor treatment response could have substantial impact on the effectiveness of both substance use prevention and treatment. The recent demonstrations by a number of groups that substance use exposure is associated with robust changes in DNA methylation signatures of peripheral blood cells suggests the possibility that methylation assessments of blood or saliva could find broad clinical applications. In this article, we review recent progress in epigenetic approaches to substance use assessment with a particular emphasis on smoking (and alcohol) related applications. In addition, we highlight areas, such as the epigenetics of psychostimulant, opioid and cannabis abuse, which are markedly understudied and could benefit from intensified collaborative efforts to define epigenetic biomarkers of abuse and dependence.
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Kõks G, Uudelepp ML, Limbach M, Peterson P, Reimann E, Kõks S. Smoking-induced expression of the GPR15 gene indicates its potential role in chronic inflammatory pathologies. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:2898-906. [PMID: 26348578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the described clear epigenetic effects of smoking, the effect of smoking on genome-wide gene expression in the blood is obscure. We therefore studied the smoking-induced changes in the gene-expression profile of the peripheral blood. RNA was extracted from the whole blood of 48 individuals with a detailed smoking history (24 never-smokers, 16 smokers, and 8 ex-smokers). Gene-expression profiles were evaluated with RNA sequencing, and results were analyzed separately in 24 men and 24 women. In the male smokers, 13 genes were statistically significantly (false-discovery rate <0.1) differentially expressed; in female smokers, 5 genes. Although most of the differentially expressed genes were different between the male and female smokers, the G-protein-coupled receptor 15 gene (GPR15) was differentially expressed in both male and female smokers compared with never-smokers. Analysis of GPR15 methylation identified significantly greater hypomethylation in smokers compared with that in never-smokers. GPR15 is the chemoattractant receptor that regulates T-cell migration and immunity. Up-regulation of GPR15 could explain to some extent the health hazards of smoking with regard to chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gea Kõks
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mari-Liis Uudelepp
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Genetics, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maia Limbach
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Pärt Peterson
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ene Reimann
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Reproductive Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sulev Kõks
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Reproductive Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.
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12
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Searles Nielsen S, Checkoway H, Butler RA, Nelson HH, Farin FM, Longstreth WT, Franklin GM, Swanson PD, Kelsey KT. LINE-1 DNA methylation, smoking and risk of Parkinson's disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2014; 2:303-8. [PMID: 23938260 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-012129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long interspersed nucleotide element-1 (LINE-1) retrotransposons are located throughout the human genome. Those retaining an intact 5' promoter can copy and insert themselves into the DNA of neural progenitor cells that express tyrosine hydroxylase, which may influence differentiation and survival of these cells. LINE-1 promoter methylation is associated with decreased LINE-1 propagation. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether LINE-1 promoter methylation is associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS We compared LINE-1 methylation profiles in blood mononuclear cells between 292 newly diagnosed PD cases and 401 unrelated, neurologically normal controls, all non-Hispanic Caucasians in western Washington state. RESULTS Overall, PD was not associated with percent methylation of the LINE-1 promoter. However, the predictable inverse association between PD and ever smoking tobacco was strongest for men and women with the lowest LINE-1 promoter methylation, and less apparent as LINE-1 methylation increased. Underlying this possible interaction, ever regularly smoking tobacco was associated with decreased LINE-1 methylation in controls (age- and sex-adjusted linear regression β = -0.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.43, -0.04), but not in cases (β = 0.06, 95% CI -0.17, 0.28, interaction p = 0.06). CONCLUSION PD cases may have innate differences in their ability to respond to tobacco smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Searles Nielsen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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13
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van der Knaap LJ, Schaefer JM, Franken IHA, Verhulst FC, van Oort FVA, Riese H. Catechol-O-methyltransferase gene methylation and substance use in adolescents: the TRAILS study. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2014; 13:618-25. [PMID: 24902721 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Substance use often starts in adolescence and poses a major problem for society and individual health. The dopamine system plays a role in substance use, and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is an important enzyme that degrades dopamine. The Val(108/158) Met polymorphism modulates COMT activity and thus dopamine levels, and has been linked to substance use. COMT gene methylation, on the other hand, may affect expression and thus indirectly COMT activity. We investigated whether methylation of the COMT gene was associated with adolescents' substance use. Furthermore, we explored whether the COMT Val(108/158) Met polymorphism interacts with COMT gene methylation in association with substance use. In 463 adolescents (mean age=16, 50.8% girls), substance use (cigarette smoking, alcohol and cannabis use) was assessed with self-report questionnaires. From blood samples, COMT Val(108/158) Met genotype and methylation rates of membrane bound (MB) and soluble (S) COMT promoters were assessed. MB-COMT promoter methylation was associated with non-daily smoking [odds ratio (OR)=1.82, P=0.03], but not with daily smoking (OR=1.20, P=0.34), MB-COMT promoter methylation was not associated with alcohol use. Adolescents with the Met/Met genotype and high rates of MB-COMT promoter methylation were less likely to be high-frequent cannabis users than adolescents with the Val/Val or Val/Met genotype. S-COMT promoter methylation was not associated with substance use. These results indicate that there is an association between substance use and COMT gene methylation. Although this association is complex, combining genetic and epigenetic variation of the COMT gene may be helpful in further elucidating the influence of the dopamine system on substance use in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J van der Knaap
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center, The Netherlands
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14
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Sun YV, Smith AK, Conneely KN, Chang Q, Li W, Lazarus A, Smith JA, Almli LM, Binder EB, Klengel T, Cross D, Turner ST, Ressler KJ, Kardia SLR. Epigenomic association analysis identifies smoking-related DNA methylation sites in African Americans. Hum Genet 2013; 132:1027-37. [PMID: 23657504 PMCID: PMC3744600 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-013-1311-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is an environmental risk factor for many chronic diseases, and disease risk can often be managed by smoking control. Smoking can induce cellular and molecular changes, including epigenetic modification, but the short- and long-term epigenetic modifications caused by cigarette smoking at the gene level have not been well understood. Recent studies have identified smoking-related DNA methylation (DNAm) sites in Caucasians. To determine whether the same DNAm sites associate with smoking in African Americans, and to identify novel smoking-related DNAm sites, we conducted a methylome-wide association study of cigarette smoking using a discovery sample of 972 African Americans, and a replication sample of 239 African Americans with two array-based methods. Among 15 DNAm sites significantly associated with smoking after correction for multiple testing in our discovery sample, 5 DNAm sites are replicated in an independent cohort, and 14 sites in the replication sample have effects in the same direction as in the discovery sample. The top two smoking-related DNAm sites in F2RL3 (factor II receptor-like 3) and GPR15 (G-protein-coupled receptor 15) observed in African Americans are consistent with previous findings in Caucasians. The associations between the replicated DNAm sites and smoking remain significant after adjusting for genetic background. Despite the distinct genetic background between African Americans and Caucasians, the DNAm from the two ethnic groups shares common associations with cigarette smoking, which suggests a common molecular mechanism of epigenetic modification influenced by environmental exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan V Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE #3049, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Gaysina D, Fergusson DM, Leve LD, Horwood J, Reiss D, Shaw DS, Elam KK, Natsuaki MN, Neiderhiser JM, Harold GT. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring conduct problems: evidence from 3 independent genetically sensitive research designs. JAMA Psychiatry 2013; 70:956-63. [PMID: 23884431 PMCID: PMC3828999 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Several studies report an association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring conduct disorder. However, past research evidences difficulty in disaggregating prenatal environmental influences from genetic and postnatal environmental influences. OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring conduct problems among children reared by genetically related mothers and genetically unrelated mothers. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The following 3 studies using distinct but complementary research designs were used: The Christchurch Health and Development Study (a longitudinal cohort study that includes biological and adopted children), the Early Growth and Development Study (a longitudinal adoption-at-birth study), and the Cardiff IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) Study (an adoption-at-conception study among genetically related families and genetically unrelated families). Maternal smoking during pregnancy was measured as the mean number of cigarettes per day (0, 1-9, or 10) smoked during pregnancy. Possible covariates were controlled for in the analyses, including child sex, birth weight, race/ethnicity, placement age, and breastfeeding, as well as maternal education and maternal age at birth and family breakdown, parenting practices, and family socioeconomic status. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURE Offspring conduct problems (age range, 4-10 years) reported by parents or teachers using the behavior rating scales by Rutter and Conners, the Child Behavior Checklist and the Children's Behavior Questionnaire Short Form, and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. RESULTS A significant association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring conduct problems was observed among children reared by genetically related mothers and genetically unrelated mothers. Results from a meta-analysis affirmed this pattern of findings across pooled study samples. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Findings across 3 studies using a complement of genetically sensitive research designs suggest that smoking during pregnancy is a prenatal risk factor for offspring conduct problems when controlling for specific perinatal and postnatal confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya Gaysina
- School of Psychology, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, UK.
| | - David M. Fergusson
- Christchurch Health & Development Study, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | | | - John Horwood
- Christchurch Health & Development Study, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - David Reiss
- Yale Child Study Center, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Daniel S. Shaw
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Kit K. Elam
- School of Psychology, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, UK.
| | | | | | - Gordon T. Harold
- School of Psychology, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, UK.
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Norrholm SD, Jovanovic T, Smith AK, Binder E, Klengel T, Conneely K, Mercer KB, Davis JS, Kerley K, Winkler J, Gillespie CF, Bradley B, Ressler KJ. Differential Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation of catechol-O-methyltransferase is Associated with Impaired Fear Inhibition in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Front Behav Neurosci 2013; 7:30. [PMID: 23596403 PMCID: PMC3622057 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) enzyme is critical for the catabolic regulation of synaptic dopamine, resulting in altered cortical functioning. The COMT Val158Met polymorphism has been implicated in human mental illness, with Met/Met homozygotes associated with increased susceptibility to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Our primary objective was to examine the intermediate phenotype of fear inhibition in PTSD stratified by COMT genotype (Met/Met, Val/Met, and Val/Val) and differential gene regulation via methylation status at CpG sites in the COMT promoter region. More specifically, we examined the potential interaction of COMT genotype and PTSD diagnosis on fear-potentiated startle during fear conditioning and extinction and COMT DNA methylation levels (as determined using genomic DNA isolated from whole blood). Participants were recruited from medical and gynecological clinics of an urban hospital in Atlanta, GA, USA. We found that individuals with the Met/Met genotype demonstrated higher fear-potentiated startle to the CS− (safety signal) and during extinction of the CS+ (danger signal) compared to Val/Met and Val/Val genotypes. The PTSD+ Met/Met genotype group had the greatest impairment in fear inhibition to the CS− (p = 0.006), compared to Val carriers. In addition, the Met/Met genotype was associated with DNA methylation at four CpG sites, two of which were associated with impaired fear inhibition to the safety signal. These results suggest that multiple differential mechanisms for regulating COMT function – at the level of protein structure via the Val158Met genotype and at the level of gene regulation via differential methylation – are associated with impaired fear inhibition in PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Davin Norrholm
- Mental Health Service Line, Atlanta VA Medical Center Decatur, GA, USA ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA, USA
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17
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Witte AV, Flöel A. Effects of COMT polymorphisms on brain function and behavior in health and disease. Brain Res Bull 2012; 88:418-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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Lott SA, Burghardt PR, Burghardt KJ, Bly MJ, Grove TB, Ellingrod VL. The influence of metabolic syndrome, physical activity and genotype on catechol-O-methyl transferase promoter-region methylation in schizophrenia. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2012; 13:264-71. [PMID: 22391769 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2012.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) 158Val/Met variant has been suggested to play a role in COMT function. Epigenetic regulation of COMT may further influence the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in these patient populations. This study examined the correlation between COMT promoter methylation and metabolic syndrome in schizophrenia patients receiving atypical antipsychotic (AAP) therapy. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples of schizophrenia subjects screened for metabolic syndrome. Pyrosequencing was used to analyze two methylation sites of the soluble COMT (COMT-s) promoter region. Associations between AAP use, lifestyle variables, metabolic syndrome and COMT genotype with peak methylation values were analyzed. Data are reported in 85 subjects. Methylation on CpG site 1 had a mean of 79.08% (±4.71) and it was 12.43% (±1.19) on site 2. COMT genotype proved to be an indicator of COMT methylation status on site 1 (F(2, 84)=5.78, P=0.0044) and site 2 (F(2, 84),=3.79, P=0.027). A significant negative correlation between physical activity and COMT promoter region methylation was found in Val/Val homozygous patients (site 1: P=0.013 and site 2: P=0.019). Those homozygous for Met/Met showed a positive correlation between promoter site methylation and physical activity (site 1: P=0.027, site 2: P=0.005), and between CpG site methylation and metabolic syndrome (site 1: P=0.002; site 2: P=0.001). The results of this study suggest that COMT promoter region methylation is largely influenced by COMT genotype and that physical activity plays a significant role in epigenetic modulation of COMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Lott
- Department of Clinical Social and Administrative Sciences, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Terry MB, Delgado-Cruzata L, Vin-Raviv N, Wu HC, Santella RM. DNA methylation in white blood cells: association with risk factors in epidemiologic studies. Epigenetics 2011; 6:828-37. [PMID: 21636973 PMCID: PMC3154425 DOI: 10.4161/epi.6.7.16500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in DNA methylation patterns, both at specific loci and overall in the genome, have been associated with many different health outcomes. In cancer and other diseases, most of these changes have been observed at the tissue level. Data on whether DNA methylation changes in white blood cells (WBC) can serve as a useful biomarker for different health outcomes are much more limited, but rapidly emerging. Epidemiologic studies have reported associations between global WBC methylation and several different cancers including cancers of the colon, bladder, stomach, breast and head and neck, as well as schizophrenia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Evidence for WBC methylation at specific loci and disease risk is more limited, but increasing. Differences in WBC DNA methylation by selected risk factors including demographic (age, gender, race), environmental exposures (benzene, persistent organic pollutants, lead, arsenic, and air pollution), and other risk factors (cigarette smoke, alcohol drinking, body size, physical activity and diet) have been observed in epidemiologic studies though the patterns are far from consistent. Challenges in inferences from the existing data are primarily due to the cross-sectional and small size of most studies to date as well as the differences in results across assay type and source of DNA. Large, prospective studies will be needed to understand whether changes in risk factors are associated with changes in DNA methylation patterns, and if changes in DNA methylation patterns are associated with changes in disease endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
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Abstract
Dynamic chromatin remodeling is at the heart of most biological processes including gene transcription, DNA replication and repair, cell differentiation and apoptosis. Chromatin remodeling as a result of covalent histone modifications, including histone acetylation, methylation or SUMOylation, play important roles in these processes. Similarly, direct chemical modification of DNA, most notably DNA methylation, also plays a key role in controlling gene expression and basic aspects of cell biology. Memory, one of the most fundamental of all brain functions, is a complex process involving diverse cellular signaling cascades and coordinated regulation of entire networks of genes. Synaptic plasticity, which is defined as activity-dependent changes in synaptic strength between neurons, provides the cellular basis of memory. The role for covalent histone modifications in synaptic plasticity and in learning and memory has been now been firmly established. In contrast, much less had been known concerning DNA methylation in memory formation and storage. Emerging evidence now suggests that DNA methylation plays a central role in these processes, likely by directly influencing the expression of genes involved in synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purva Bali
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute-Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA
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