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Lányi O, Koleszár B, Schulze Wenning A, Balogh D, Engh MA, Horváth AA, Fehérvari P, Hegyi P, Molnár Z, Unoka Z, Csukly G. Excitation/inhibition imbalance in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of inhibitory and excitatory TMS-EMG paradigms. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 10:56. [PMID: 38879590 PMCID: PMC11180212 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-024-00476-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
Cortical excitation-inhibition (E/I) imbalance is a potential model for the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Previous research using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electromyography (EMG) has suggested inhibitory deficits in schizophrenia. In this meta-analysis we assessed the reliability and clinical potential of TMS-EMG paradigms in schizophrenia following the methodological recommendations of the PRISMA guideline and the Cochrane Handbook. The search was conducted in three databases in November 2022. Included articles reported Short-Interval Intracortical Inhibition (SICI), Intracortical Facilitation (ICF), Long-Interval Intracortical Inhibition (LICI) and Cortical Silent Period (CSP) in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Meta-analyses were conducted using a random-effects model. Subgroup analysis and meta-regressions were used to assess heterogeneity. Results of 36 studies revealed a robust inhibitory deficit in schizophrenia with a significant decrease in SICI (Cohen's d: 0.62). A trend-level association was found between SICI and antipsychotic medication. Our findings support the E/I imbalance hypothesis in schizophrenia and suggest that SICI may be a potential pathophysiological characteristic of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Lányi
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Boróka Koleszár
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - David Balogh
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marie Anne Engh
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Attila Horváth
- Neurocognitive Research Center, Nyírő Gyula National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Fehérvari
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Molnár
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Zsolt Unoka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Csukly
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Fathi Azar E, Hosseinzadeh S, Nosrat Abadi M, Sayad Nasiri M, Haghgoo HA. Impact of Psychosocial Occupational Therapy Combined with Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation to the Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex on the Cognitive Performance of Patients with Schizophrenia: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Hong Kong J Occup Ther 2022; 34:121-131. [PMID: 34987350 PMCID: PMC8721578 DOI: 10.1177/15691861211065155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The most common cognitive dysfunctions in patients with schizophrenia are information processing, memory, and learning. Based on the hypothesis of rehabilitation and brain stimulation in memory and learning, adding a form of neuromodulation to conventional rehabilitation might increase the effectiveness of treatments. Aims To explore the effects of psychosocial occupational therapy combined with anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on cognitive performance in patients with Schizophrenia. Methods Twenty-four patients diagnosed with schizophrenia were randomized into the experimental and control groups. We used The Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) and the Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment battery (LOTCA) to assess spatial recognition, attention, visual memory, learning abilities, and high-level cognitive functions like problem-solving. All participants received customized psychosocial occupational therapy activities. Furthermore, the experimental group received 12 sessions of active anodal tDCS for 20 minutes with 2 mA intensity on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) while the patients in the sham group received sham tDCS. Results Combining tDCS to conventional psychosocial occupational therapy resulted in a significant increase in spatial memory, visual learning, and attention. Conclusions Anodal tDCS on the left DLPFC improved visual memory, attention, and learning abilities. Contrary to our expectations, we could not find any changes in complex and more demanding cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Fathi Azar
- MSc in Occupational Therapy, The University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Hosseinzadeh
- Biostatics Department, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Nosrat Abadi
- Clinical Psychology Department, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Sayad Nasiri
- Assistant Professor of Neurology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojjat Allah Haghgoo
- Occupational Therapy Department, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Hojjat Allah Haghgoo, Occupational Therapy Department, The University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Kodakyar st.,Velenjak, Tehran, 1985713871, Iran.
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Mehta UM, Thanki MV, Padmanabhan J, Pascual-Leone A, Keshavan MS. Motor cortical plasticity in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation - Electromyography studies. Schizophr Res 2019; 207:37-47. [PMID: 30409696 PMCID: PMC6397645 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several lines of investigations converge upon aberrant synaptic plasticity as a potential pathophysiological characteristic of schizophrenia. In vivo experiments using neuromodulatory perturbation techniques like Transcranial Magnetic and Direct Current Stimulation (TMS & tDCS) have been increasingly used to measure 'motor cortical plasticity' in schizophrenia. A systematic quantification of cortical plasticity and its moderators in schizophrenia is however lacking. METHOD The PubMed/MEDLINE database was searched for studies up to December 31st, 2017 that examined case-control experiments comparing neuromodulation following single-session of TMS or tDCS. The primary outcome was the standardized mean difference for differential changes in motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitudes measured with single-pulse TMS (MEP Δ) between patients and healthy subjects following TMS or tDCS. After examining heterogeneity, meta-analyses were performed using fixed effects models. RESULTS A total of 16 datasets comparing cortical plasticity (MEP Δ) between 189 schizophrenia patients and 187 healthy controls were included in the meta-analysis. Patients demonstrated diminished MEP Δ with effect sizes (Cohen's d) ranging from 0.66 (LTP-like plasticity) to 0.68 (LTD-like plasticity). Heterosynaptic plasticity studies demonstrated a greater effect size (0.79) compared to homosynaptic plasticity studies (0.62), though not significant (P = 0.43). Clinical, perturbation protocol- and measurement-related factors, and study quality did not significantly moderate the aberrant plasticity demonstrated in schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS Schizophrenia patients demonstrate diminished LTP- and LTD-like motor cortical plasticity, which is not influenced by the various clinical and experimental protocol related confounders. These consistent findings should encourage the use of perturbation-based biomarkers to characterize illness trajectories and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urvakhsh Meherwan Mehta
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.
| | - Milind Vijay Thanki
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Jaya Padmanabhan
- Division of Cognitive Neurology, Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Division of Cognitive Neurology, Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matcheri S Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Gordon PC, Valiengo LDCL, de Paula VJR, Galhardoni R, Ziemann U, de Andrade DC, Brunoni AR. Changes in motor cortical excitability in schizophrenia following transcranial direct current stimulation. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 90:43-48. [PMID: 30423420 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a disorder associated with cortical inhibition deficits. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) induces changes in cortical excitability in healthy subjects and individuals with neuropsychiatric disorders depending on the stimulation parameters. Our aim was to investigate whether a previously published tDCS protocol associated with symptomatic improvement in schizophrenia would induce changes in motor cortical excitability, assessed by transcranial magnetic stimulation paradigms, i.e., short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and intra-cortical facilitation (ICF). We assessed cortical excitability measurements in 48 subjects with schizophrenia before and after a single session of active tDCS (20 min, 2 mA, anode over left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, cathode over left temporoparietal cortex) or sham. Those who received active tDCS had a significant increase of SICI in the left motor cortex compared to those who received sham stimulation (Cohen's d = 0.54, p = .019). No changes were observed for ICF. In addition, lower SICI was associated with higher age (β = -0.448, p < .01). Increase in intracortical inhibition may indicate a mechanism of action of tDCS in this population. Future studies should investigate whether this finding is a biomarker of treatment response for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Caldana Gordon
- Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation (SIN), Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27) and National Institute of Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry (INBioN), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Neurology and Stroke, and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Leandro da Costa Lane Valiengo
- Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation (SIN), Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27) and National Institute of Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry (INBioN), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Jesus Rodrigues de Paula
- Psychobiology Laboratory (LIM23), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Galhardoni
- School of Medicine, University of City of São Paulo (UNICID), São Paulo, Brazil; Pain Center, Department of Neurology, `School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ulf Ziemann
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Ciampi de Andrade
- Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation (SIN), Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27) and National Institute of Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry (INBioN), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil; Pain Center, Department of Neurology, `School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andre Russowsky Brunoni
- Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation (SIN), Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27) and National Institute of Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry (INBioN), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany.
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Ribolsi M, Lisi G, Ponzo V, Siracusano A, Caltagirone C, Niolu C, Koch G. Left hemispheric breakdown of LTP-like cortico-cortical plasticity in schizophrenic patients. Clin Neurophysiol 2017; 128:2037-2042. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.06.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Zhou D, Pang F, Liu S, Shen Y, Liu L, Fang Z, Wang C, Hu Z, Yuan TF. Altered Motor-Striatal Plasticity and Cortical Functioning in Patients with Schizophrenia. Neurosci Bull 2016; 33:307-311. [PMID: 27838828 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-016-0079-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia undergo changes in brain plasticity. In the present study, we characterized motor cortical-striatal plasticity in such patients. Compared with the potentiation following high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the control group, the patients demonstrated impaired plasticity of corticostriatal motor-evoked potentials recorded from hand muscles. Notably, the loss of cortical plasticity was correlated with impaired motor learning in a rotary pursuit task. Moreover, the loss of plasticity was correlated with the symptoms of schizophrenia. The results suggest that the progression of schizophrenia is accompanied by altered cortical plasticity and functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Zhou
- Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Feng Pang
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097, China
| | - Shiyan Liu
- Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Lingjiang Liu
- Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Zezhong Fang
- Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Chuang Wang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Zhenyu Hu
- Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo, 315201, China.
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097, China.
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Khasnobish A, Konar A, Tibarewala DN, Nagar AK. Bypassing the Natural Visual-Motor Pathway to Execute Complex Movement Related Tasks Using Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Sets. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2016; 25:88-102. [PMID: 27323367 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2016.2580580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In visual-motor coordination, the human brain processes visual stimuli representative of complex motion-related tasks at the occipital lobe to generate the necessary neuronal signals for the parietal and pre-frontal lobes, which in turn generates movement related plans to excite the motor cortex to execute the actual tasks. The paper introduces a novel approach to provide rehabilitative support to patients suffering from neurological damage in their pre-frontal, parietal and/or motor cortex regions. An attempt to bypass the natural visual-motor pathway is undertaken using interval type-2 fuzzy sets to generate the approximate EEG response of the damaged pre-frontal/parietal/motor cortex from the occipital EEG signals. The approximate EEG response is used to trigger a pre-trained joint coordinate generator to obtain the desired joint coordinates of the link end-points of a robot imitating the human subject. The robot arm is here employed as a rehabilitative aid in order to move each link end-points to the desired locations in the reference coordinate system by appropriately activating its links using the well-known inverse kinematics approach. The mean-square positional errors obtained for each link end-points is found within acceptable limits for all experimental subjects including subjects with partial parietal damage, indicating a possible impact of the proposed approach in rehabilitative robotics. Subjective variation in EEG features over different sessions of experimental trials is modeled here using interval type-2 fuzzy sets for its inherent power to handle uncertainty. Experiments undertaken confirm that interval type-2 fuzzy realization outperforms its classical type-1 counterpart and back-propagation neural approaches in all experimental cases, considering link positional error as a metric. The proposed research offers a new opening for the development of possible rehabilitative aids for people with partial impairment in visual-motor coordination.
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Potentiation of M1 Muscarinic Receptor Reverses Plasticity Deficits and Negative and Cognitive Symptoms in a Schizophrenia Mouse Model. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:598-610. [PMID: 26108886 PMCID: PMC5130135 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia patients exhibit deficits in signaling of the M1 subtype of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and also display impaired cortical long-term depression (LTD). We report that selective activation of the M1 mAChR subtype induces LTD in PFC and that this response is completely lost after repeated administration of phencyclidine (PCP), a mouse model of schizophrenia. Furthermore, discovery of a novel, systemically active M1 positive allosteric modulator (PAM), VU0453595, allowed us to evaluate the impact of selective potentiation of M1 on induction of LTD and behavioral deficits in PCP-treated mice. Interestingly, VU0453595 fully restored impaired LTD as well as deficits in cognitive function and social interaction in these mice. These results provide critical new insights into synaptic changes that may contribute to behavioral deficits in this mouse model and support a role for selective M1 PAMs as a novel approach for the treatment of schizophrenia.
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Bhandari A, Voineskos D, Daskalakis ZJ, Rajji TK, Blumberger DM. A Review of Impaired Neuroplasticity in Schizophrenia Investigated with Non-invasive Brain Stimulation. Front Psychiatry 2016; 7:45. [PMID: 27065890 PMCID: PMC4810231 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several lines of evidence implicate dysfunctional neuronal plasticity in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SCZ). Aberrant glutamatergic and gamma amino--butyric acid neurotransmission are thought to underlie core cognitive deficits and negative symptoms of SCZ. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) allows for the in vivo study of cortical plasticity and excitability at the systems level of the human motor cortex. This review will focus on summarizing the available neurophysiological evidence for impaired motor cortical plasticity in SCZ assessed by NIBS. METHODS A search of MEDLINE, Embase, and PubMed was performed on the use of NIBS techniques to investigate neuroplasticity in the motor cortex of SCZ patients. The relevant articles were summarized. CONCLUSION Our review of the literature reveals evidence for disrupted neuroplasticity in SCZ and its close association to alterations in cortical inhibition and dysfunctional intracortical connectivity. Further investigations are required to elucidate the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie dysfunctional plasticity in SCZ in order to develop more targeted therapeutic interventions for SCZ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorva Bhandari
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - Daphne Voineskos
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - Zafiris J Daskalakis
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - Tarek K Rajji
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - Daniel M Blumberger
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada
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Boggio PS, Asthana MK, Costa TL, Valasek CA, Osório AAC. Promoting social plasticity in developmental disorders with non-invasive brain stimulation techniques. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:294. [PMID: 26388712 PMCID: PMC4555066 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Being socially connected directly impacts our basic needs and survival. People with deficits in social cognition might exhibit abnormal behaviors and face many challenges in our highly social-dependent world. These challenges and limitations are associated with a substantial economical and subjective impact. As many conditions where social cognition is affected are highly prevalent, more treatments have to be developed. Based on recent research, we review studies where non-invasive neuromodulatory techniques have been used to promote Social Plasticity in developmental disorders. We focused on three populations where non-invasive brain stimulation seems to be a promising approach in inducing social plasticity: Schizophrenia, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Williams Syndrome (WS). There are still very few studies directly evaluating the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in the social cognition of these populations. However, when considering the promising preliminary evidences presented in this review and the limited amount of clinical interventions available for treating social cognition deficits in these populations today, it is clear that the social neuroscientist arsenal may profit from non-invasive brain stimulation techniques for rehabilitation and promotion of social plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo S Boggio
- Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory and Developmental Disorders Program, Center for Health and Biological Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manish K Asthana
- Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory and Developmental Disorders Program, Center for Health and Biological Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago L Costa
- Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory and Developmental Disorders Program, Center for Health and Biological Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cláudia A Valasek
- Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory and Developmental Disorders Program, Center for Health and Biological Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana A C Osório
- Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory and Developmental Disorders Program, Center for Health and Biological Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Di Lorenzo G, Daverio A, Ferrentino F, Santarnecchi E, Ciabattini F, Monaco L, Lisi G, Barone Y, Di Lorenzo C, Niolu C, Seri S, Siracusano A. Altered resting-state EEG source functional connectivity in schizophrenia: the effect of illness duration. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:234. [PMID: 25999835 PMCID: PMC4419718 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing body of evidence supporting the hypothesis of schizophrenia as a disconnection syndrome, studies of resting-state EEG Source Functional Connectivity (EEG-SFC) in people affected by schizophrenia are sparse. The aim of the present study was to investigate resting-state EEG-SFC in 77 stable, medicated patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) compared to 78 healthy volunteers (HV). In order to study the effect of illness duration, SCZ were divided in those with a short duration of disease (SDD; n = 25) and those with a long duration of disease (LDD; n = 52). Resting-state EEG recordings in eyes closed condition were analyzed and lagged phase synchronization (LPS) indices were calculated for each ROI pair in the source-space EEG data. In delta and theta bands, SCZ had greater EEG-SFC than HV; a higher theta band connectivity in frontal regions was observed in LDD compared with SDD. In the alpha band, SCZ showed lower frontal EEG-SFC compared with HV whereas no differences were found between LDD and SDD. In the beta1 band, SCZ had greater EEG-SFC compared with HVs and in the beta2 band, LDD presented lower frontal and parieto-temporal EEG-SFC compared with HV. In the gamma band, SDD had greater connectivity values compared with LDD and HV. This study suggests that resting state brain network connectivity is abnormally organized in schizophrenia, with different patterns for the different EEG frequency components and that EEG can be a powerful tool to further elucidate the complexity of such disordered connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Di Lorenzo
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology, Chair of Psychiatry, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" Rome, Italy ; Chair of Psychiatry, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Daverio
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology, Chair of Psychiatry, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" Rome, Italy ; Chair of Psychiatry, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" Rome, Italy ; Psychiatric Clinic, Fondazione Policlinico "Tor Vergata" Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiola Ferrentino
- Chair of Psychiatry, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" Rome, Italy ; Psychiatric Clinic, Fondazione Policlinico "Tor Vergata" Rome, Italy
| | - Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena Siena, Italy ; Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Medical Center, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fabio Ciabattini
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology, Chair of Psychiatry, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" Rome, Italy ; Chair of Psychiatry, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" Rome, Italy ; Psychiatric Clinic, Fondazione Policlinico "Tor Vergata" Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Monaco
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology, Chair of Psychiatry, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" Rome, Italy ; Chair of Psychiatry, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Lisi
- Chair of Psychiatry, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" Rome, Italy ; Psychiatric Clinic, Fondazione Policlinico "Tor Vergata" Rome, Italy
| | - Ylenia Barone
- Chair of Psychiatry, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" Rome, Italy ; Psychiatric Clinic, Fondazione Policlinico "Tor Vergata" Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cinzia Niolu
- Chair of Psychiatry, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" Rome, Italy ; Psychiatric Clinic, Fondazione Policlinico "Tor Vergata" Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Seri
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston Brain Centre, Aston University Birmingham, UK
| | - Alberto Siracusano
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology, Chair of Psychiatry, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" Rome, Italy ; Chair of Psychiatry, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" Rome, Italy ; Psychiatric Clinic, Fondazione Policlinico "Tor Vergata" Rome, Italy
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Wright C, Calhoun VD, Ehrlich S, Wang L, Turner JA, Bizzozero NIP. Meta gene set enrichment analyses link miR-137-regulated pathways with schizophrenia risk. Front Genet 2015; 6:147. [PMID: 25941532 PMCID: PMC4403556 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within MIR137, the host gene for miR-137, has been identified repeatedly as a risk factor for schizophrenia. Previous genetic pathway analyses suggest that potential targets of this microRNA (miRNA) are also highly enriched in schizophrenia-relevant biological pathways, including those involved in nervous system development and function. METHODS In this study, we evaluated the schizophrenia risk of miR-137 target genes within these pathways. Gene set enrichment analysis of pathway-specific miR-137 targets was performed using the stage 1 (21,856 subjects) schizophrenia genome wide association study data from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium and a small independent replication cohort (244 subjects) from the Mind Clinical Imaging Consortium and Northwestern University. RESULTS Gene sets of potential miR-137 targets were enriched with variants associated with schizophrenia risk, including target sets involved in axonal guidance signaling, Ephrin receptor signaling, long-term potentiation, PKA signaling, and Sertoli cell junction signaling. The schizophrenia-risk association of SNPs in PKA signaling targets was replicated in the second independent cohort. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that these biological pathways may be involved in the mechanisms by which this MIR137 variant enhances schizophrenia risk. SNPs in targets and the miRNA host gene may collectively lead to dysregulation of target expression and aberrant functioning of such implicated pathways. Pathway-guided gene set enrichment analyses should be useful in evaluating the impact of other miRNAs and target genes in different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Wright
- The Mind Research NetworkAlbuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New MexicoAlbuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- The Mind Research NetworkAlbuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New MexicoAlbuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New MexicoAlbuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität DresdenDresden, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestown, MA, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicago, IL, USA
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicago, IL, USA
| | - Jessica A. Turner
- The Mind Research NetworkAlbuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State UniversityAtlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nora I. Perrone- Bizzozero
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New MexicoAlbuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New MexicoAlbuquerque, NM, USA
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13
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Crabtree GW, Gogos JA. Synaptic plasticity, neural circuits, and the emerging role of altered short-term information processing in schizophrenia. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2014; 6:28. [PMID: 25505409 PMCID: PMC4243504 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2014.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity alters the strength of information flow between presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons and thus modifies the likelihood that action potentials in a presynaptic neuron will lead to an action potential in a postsynaptic neuron. As such, synaptic plasticity and pathological changes in synaptic plasticity impact the synaptic computation which controls the information flow through the neural microcircuits responsible for the complex information processing necessary to drive adaptive behaviors. As current theories of neuropsychiatric disease suggest that distinct dysfunctions in neural circuit performance may critically underlie the unique symptoms of these diseases, pathological alterations in synaptic plasticity mechanisms may be fundamental to the disease process. Here we consider mechanisms of both short-term and long-term plasticity of synaptic transmission and their possible roles in information processing by neural microcircuits in both health and disease. As paradigms of neuropsychiatric diseases with strongly implicated risk genes, we discuss the findings in schizophrenia and autism and consider the alterations in synaptic plasticity and network function observed in both human studies and genetic mouse models of these diseases. Together these studies have begun to point toward a likely dominant role of short-term synaptic plasticity alterations in schizophrenia while dysfunction in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) may be due to a combination of both short-term and long-term synaptic plasticity alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg W. Crabtree
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia UniversityNew York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph A. Gogos
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia UniversityNew York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia UniversityNew York, NY, USA
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14
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Luft CDB, Pereda E, Banissy MJ, Bhattacharya J. Best of both worlds: promise of combining brain stimulation and brain connectome. Front Syst Neurosci 2014; 8:132. [PMID: 25126060 PMCID: PMC4115621 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial current brain stimulation (tCS) is becoming increasingly popular as a non-pharmacological non-invasive neuromodulatory method that alters cortical excitability by applying weak electrical currents to the scalp via a pair of electrodes. Most applications of this technique have focused on enhancing motor and learning skills, as well as a therapeutic agent in neurological and psychiatric disorders. In these applications, similarly to lesion studies, tCS was used to provide a causal link between a function or behavior and a specific brain region (e.g., primary motor cortex). Nonetheless, complex cognitive functions are known to rely on functionally connected multitude of brain regions with dynamically changing patterns of information flow rather than on isolated areas, which are most commonly targeted in typical tCS experiments. In this review article, we argue in favor of combining tCS method with other neuroimaging techniques (e.g., fMRI, EEG) and by employing state-of-the-art connectivity data analysis techniques (e.g., graph theory) to obtain a deeper understanding of the underlying spatiotemporal dynamics of functional connectivity patterns and cognitive performance. Finally, we discuss the possibilities of using these combined techniques to investigate the neural correlates of human creativity and to enhance creativity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ernesto Pereda
- Lab. of Electrical Engineering and Bioengineering, Department of Industrial Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of La Laguna Tenerife, Spain
| | - Michael J Banissy
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London London, UK
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15
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Agarwal SM, Shivakumar V, Bose A, Subramaniam A, Nawani H, Chhabra H, Kalmady SV, Narayanaswamy JC, Venkatasubramanian G. Transcranial direct current stimulation in schizophrenia. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2013; 11:118-25. [PMID: 24465247 PMCID: PMC3897759 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2013.11.3.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is an upcoming treatment modality for patients with schizophrenia. A series of recent observations have demonstrated improvement in clinical status of schizophrenia patients with tDCS. This review summarizes the research work that has examined the effects of tDCS in schizophrenia patients with respect to symptom amelioration, cognitive enhancement and neuroplasticity evaluation. tDCS is emerging as a safe, rapid and effective treatment for various aspects of schizophrenia symptoms ranging from auditory hallucinations-for which the effect is most marked, to negative symptoms and cognitive symptoms as well. An interesting line of investigation involves using tDCS for altering and examining neuroplasticity in patients and healthy subjects and is likely to lead to new insights into the neurological aberrations and pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The mechanistic aspects of the technique are discussed in brief. Future work should focus on establishing the clinical efficacy of this novel technique and on evaluating this modality as an adjunct to cognitive enhancement protocols. Understanding the mechanism of action of tDCS as well as the determinants and neurobiological correlates of clinical response to tDCS remains an important goal, which will help us expand the clinical applications of tDCS for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Mahavir Agarwal
- The Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry and Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Venkataram Shivakumar
- The Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry and Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Anushree Bose
- The Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry and Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Aditi Subramaniam
- The Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry and Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Hema Nawani
- The Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry and Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Harleen Chhabra
- The Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry and Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Sunil V Kalmady
- The Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry and Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Janardhanan C Narayanaswamy
- The Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry and Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Ganesan Venkatasubramanian
- The Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry and Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
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