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Wang Y, Lin H, Liu X, Zhu B, He M, Chen C. Associations between capacity of cognitive control and sleep quality: a two-wave longitudinal study. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1391761. [PMID: 38952828 PMCID: PMC11216015 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1391761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This longitudinal study explored the impact of the upper limit of cognitive control on the sleep quality of high school students. We collected data in two waves to examine four main variables: capacity of cognitive control (CCC), trait mindfulness, emotional distress and sleep quality. At the first time point (T1), trait mindfulness and emotional distress were measured by rating scales, and the CCC was evaluated by revised backward masking majority function task. Sleep quality was rated 5 months later (T2). The results indicated that: (1) the CCC was negatively correlated with trait mindfulness, and trait mindfulness was negatively correlated with emotional stress; (2) there was no simple mediation of either trait mindfulness or emotional distress in the relationship between CCC and sleep quality; (3) instead, the CCC was associated with poor sleep quality in a sequential mediation through trait mindfulness and then emotional stress. The research highlights the importance of trait mindfulness and emotional distress for addressing sleep problems in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchun Wang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanping Lin
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiqin Liu
- School of Foreign Languages, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bojia Zhu
- Department of Human Resource, Guangzhou Branch of China Mobile Group Guangdong Company Limited, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meihui He
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caiqi Chen
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Bendall RCA, Elton SN, Hughes ATL. Expressive suppression mediates the relationship between sleep quality and generalized anxiety symptomology. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13575. [PMID: 38866858 PMCID: PMC11169225 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63939-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent worldwide mental health disorder, resulting in high societal costs. Emotion regulation and sleep quality are associated with the development of psychopathologies including anxiety. However, it is unknown whether habitual emotion regulation strategy use can mediate the influence of sleep quality on anxiety symptomology. An opportunity sample in a healthy population completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to provide a measure of sleep quality, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire to assess habitual use of emotion regulation strategies, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale to record anxiety symptomology. Data were analysed using correlation and regression-based mediation analyses. Improved sleep quality was predictive of reduced habitual use of expressive suppression and reduced anxiety symptomology. Additionally, increased use of expressive suppression was predictive of greater anxiety symptomology. Cognitive reappraisal was not associated with sleep quality or anxiety severity. Further, novel findings using mediation analyses show that expressive suppression partially mediated the relationship between sleep quality and anxiety. Whilst longitudinal and experimental research are needed to establish causality, these findings suggest that simultaneously targeting improvements in sleep quality and the use of specific emotion regulation strategies, including expressive suppression, may improve the efficacy of interventions focussed on reducing anxiety-related symptomology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C A Bendall
- Directorate of Psychology and Sport, School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, UK.
- Centre for Applied Health Research, University of Salford, Salford, UK.
| | - Sophie N Elton
- Directorate of Psychology and Sport, School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Alun T L Hughes
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Institute of Health Research, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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3
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Li Q, Ye X, Li Z, Yang S, Yin L, Li BM, Wang C. Association between stressful life events and sleep quality in Chinese university students: Mediating and moderating roles of emotion regulation. J Health Psychol 2024:13591053241248940. [PMID: 38686932 DOI: 10.1177/13591053241248940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether emotion regulation mediates or modulates the relationship of SLEs with sleep quality and potential sex differences. A total of 1447 Chinese university students completed the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. The results indicated that both cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression significantly mediated and moderated the negative association between SLEs and sleep quality. Additionally, sex differences were found for the mediating role of cognitive reappraisal and for the modulating roles of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression in the relationship between SLEs and sleep quality. Although the present cross-sectional data does not allow us to test any causal relationships, these results help clarify the underlying emotion-regulation process between SLEs and sleep in university students and highlight the importance of considering sex differences in emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zheng Li
- Hangzhou Normal University, China
| | | | | | - Bao-Ming Li
- Hangzhou Normal University, China
- Zhejiang Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory for Research in Early Development and Childcare, China
| | - Chunjie Wang
- Hangzhou Normal University, China
- Zhejiang Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory for Research in Early Development and Childcare, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, China
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4
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Ning L, Li S, Li F, Wang Y, Fu Y, Lin T, Deng Q, Zeng Y, Li J. The effect of sleep problems on core self-evaluations in undergraduate nursing students and the role of emotion regulation and resilience: A cross-sectional study. J Prof Nurs 2024; 51:64-73. [PMID: 38614676 DOI: 10.1016/j.profnurs.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nursing students are prone to sleep problems that affect their core self-evaluations. However, little attention has been paid to the specific roles of emotion regulation (including cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) and resilience in this process. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore 1) the direct effect of sleep problems on core self-evaluations among nursing students; 2) the chain-mediating effect of cognitive reappraisal and resilience on the relationship between sleep problems and core self-evaluations; 3) the moderating effect of expressive suppression on the direct relationship between sleep problems and core self-evaluations; and 4) the moderating effect of expressive suppression on the indirect relationship between sleep problems affecting core self-evaluations through resilience. METHODS A total of 345 nursing students completed a survey conducted between September and October 2022. Data was analyzed using descriptive analysis, Fisher exact test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, Spearman correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis. Additionally, the SPSS PROCESS V4.0 plug-in was used to verify the moderated chain-mediating effect. RESULTS Sleep problems directly affected core self-evaluations among nursing students. Cognitive reappraisal and resilience played a partial chain-mediating role in the relationship between sleep problems and core self-evaluations, with expressive suppression having a direct moderating effect. CONCLUSIONS Opportunities exist for enhancing the core self-evaluations of nursing students by addressing their sleep problems, promoting cognitive reappraisal strategies, and increasing resilience. Additionally, encouraging expressive suppression can mitigate the negative impact of sleep problems on nursing students' core self-evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuqiao Ning
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shihen Li
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fengzhen Li
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuenv Wang
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingjie Fu
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingting Lin
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qianying Deng
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yawei Zeng
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jufang Li
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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5
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Meneo D, Samea F, Tahmasian M, Baglioni C. The emotional component of insomnia disorder: A focus on emotion regulation and affect dynamics in relation to sleep quality and insomnia. J Sleep Res 2023; 32:e13983. [PMID: 37394234 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical models of insomnia disorder recognise an emotional component in the maintenance of the disorder. Nonetheless, the field of emotions is vast and different processes are involved in psychological well-being. The present narrative review focusses on emotion regulation and affect dynamics, synthesising some of the most recent and relevant evidence on emotions in relation to the quality of sleep and to insomnia disorder. The literature underlines the close association between impaired sleep quality and difficulties in regulating emotions. Impaired sleep quality is also associated with reduced positive affect and increased negative affect, but little evidence supports a bi-directional association between affective states and sleep. Affect variability in relation to sleep has been less investigated. Initial evidence suggests that high variability in positive affect has a negative impact on sleep. Neurobiological and behavioural evidence indicates that insomnia disorder is associated with emotion dysregulation, negative affect, and a distinct daily profile of affective states. More research is needed on the affective experience of patients with insomnia disorder, adopting multiple sampling of affect across the day and the week. Understanding how the unfolding of emotions over time interact with sleep alterations may help to improve the tailoring and monitoring of treatments addressing disturbed emotional processes in insomnia disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Meneo
- Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | - Fateme Samea
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Masoud Tahmasian
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Chiara Baglioni
- Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
- Clinic for Sleep Psychotherapy, School of Cognitive Psychotherapy, Rome, Italy
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6
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Sullivan EC, James E, Henderson LM, McCall C, Cairney SA. The influence of emotion regulation strategies and sleep quality on depression and anxiety. Cortex 2023; 166:286-305. [PMID: 37451185 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress is a major risk factor for a number of mental health disorders, including depression and pathological anxiety. Adaptive cognitive emotion regulation (CER) strategies (i.e. positively-focused thought processes) can help to prevent psychiatric disturbance when enduring unpleasant and stressful experiences, but little is known about the inter-individual factors that govern their success. Sleep plays an important role in mental health, and may moderate the effectiveness of adaptive CER strategies by maintaining the executive functions on which they rely. In this study, we carried out a secondary analysis of self-reported mental health and sleep data acquired during a protracted and naturally-occurring stressor - the COVID-19 pandemic - to firstly test the hypothesis that adaptive CER strategy use is associated with positive mental health outcomes and secondly, that the benefits of adaptive CER strategy use for mental health are contingent on high-quality sleep. Using established self-report tools, participants estimated their depression (N = 551) and anxiety (N = 590)2 levels, sleep quality and tendency to engage in adaptive and maladaptive CER strategies during the Spring and Autumn of 2020. Using a linear mixed modelling approach, we found that greater use of adaptive CER strategies and higher sleep quality were independently associated with lower self-reported depression and anxiety. However, adaptive CER strategy use was not a significant predictor of self-reported anxiety when accounting for sleep quality in our final model. The positive influence of adaptive CER strategy use on depression was observed at different levels of sleep quality. These findings highlight the importance of adaptive CER strategy use and good sleep quality in promoting resilience to depression and anxiety when experiencing chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Sullivan
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.
| | - Emma James
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa-Marie Henderson
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom; York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Cade McCall
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Scott A Cairney
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom; York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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Baize D, Meriaux-Scoffier S, Chrétien A, Hayotte M, Piponnier E, d'Arripe-Longueville F. Sleep Assessment in Competitive Athletes: Development and Validation of French Versions of the Athens Insomnia Scale and the Athlete Sleep Behavior Questionnaire. Sleep Sci 2023; 16:183-196. [PMID: 37425979 PMCID: PMC10325846 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1770803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to develop and validate French versions of two questionnaires assessing competitive athletes' sleep: the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS-FR) and the Athlete Sleep Behavior Questionnaire (ASBQ-FR). Methods Four complementary studies were carried out, with a total sample of 296 French competitive athletes from different sports and expertise levels. The studies aimed to develop preliminary versions of the AIS-FR and the ASBQ-FR (study 1), and then to examine their respective dimensionality and reliability (study 2), temporal stability (study 3), and concurrent validity (study 4). The dimensionality was established using confirmatory factor analysis. Similar and correlated psychological factor scales were used to examine the concurrent validity (the Insomnia Severity Index, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule). Results The AIS-FR consists of eight items with two subfactors: nocturnal symptoms and diurnal symptoms, assessed by a uniformized 4-point Likert-type scale. The ASBQ-FR is composed of 15 items with three subfactors, which differs from the original English version: behaviors affecting sleep, behaviors related to anxiety, and sleep disturbances. Due to the Covid context and curfews, three items of the original scale were excluded from the statistical analyses because non-applicable. Both scales presented satisfactory psychometric properties. Discussion The AIS-FR and ASBQ-FR appear to be valid and reliable tools that can be used with competitive athletes for everyday training and research purposes. An ASBQ-FR version that includes the three excluded items should undergo validation testing once pandemic restrictions are eased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Baize
- Sport Sciences department, LAMHESS, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | | | - Aurélia Chrétien
- Sport Sciences department, LAMHESS, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Meggy Hayotte
- Sport Sciences department, LAMHESS, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Enzo Piponnier
- Sport Sciences department, LAMHESS, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
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8
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Niu X, Snyder HR. The role of maladaptive emotion regulation in the bidirectional relation between sleep and depression in college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2023; 36:83-96. [PMID: 35536737 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2022.2073441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background: Emotion regulation deficits are an outcome and risk factor for both insomnia and depression, suggesting that maladaptive emotion regulation might in part explain the bi-directional links between sleep and depression. The current study tests this hypothesis during the COVID-19 pandemic in emerging adult undergraduate students, a high-risk population for both depression and sleep disturbance.Methods: A sample of 154 undergraduate students completed a series of online questionnaires bi-weekly on sleep, depression, and emotion regulation strategies across eight weeks during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic (April 2nd to June 27th, 2020).Results: Sleep disturbance and depression prospectively predicted one another across eight weeks, and both directions were mediated by maladaptive emotion regulation. However, sleep and depression failed to predict change in one another controlling for baseline measures, directly or via emotion regulation.Conclusions: The results suggest that maladaptive emotion regulation is a potential mechanism through which sleep disturbance and depression help maintain high levels of one another in college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, emotion regulation deficits are potentially an important target for interventions to interrupt the sleep disturbance-depression cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Niu
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Hannah R Snyder
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
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9
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Deng X, Chen J, Zhao Y. Mediation effects of positive and negative affect on the relationship between emotional intelligence and life satisfaction in rural school teachers. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1129692. [PMID: 37168427 PMCID: PMC10165092 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1129692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the ways in which the specific facets of trait emotional intelligence (EI), positive affect (PA), and negative affect (NA) influence individuals' general life satisfaction, especially in teachers. This study explored the effects of three facets of trait EI [appraisal and expression of emotions (AEE), utilization of emotion (UE), and regulation of emotions (RE)] and two typical affects (PA and NA) on teachers' general life satisfaction. The participants were 577 Chinese rural school teachers (ages 18-49 years) who completed three questionnaires-the Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test, Positive and Negative Affective scale, and Satisfaction with Life Scale. After validating the scales, a structural equation modeling analysis showed that trait EI, PA, and NA had a significant and positive effect on teachers' general life satisfaction. PA played a partial mediating role between trait EI and life satisfaction. Furthermore, this study found that PA significantly and positively mediated the relationship between AEE, UE, RE, and life satisfaction. These results suggest that teachers with higher EI are more likely to have positive emotions, thereby enhancing their general life satisfaction, and that understanding the role of one's own and others' emotions and increasing positive emotions may be the key to improving teachers' general life satisfaction. Future implications and the study limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Deng
- National Institutes of Educational Policy Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiasheng Chen
- School of Social Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyang Zhao
- Department of Social Work, School of Sociology and Political Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yuyang Zhao,
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10
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Gao X, Li C, Han B, Xu P, Qu C. The relationship between health belief and sleep quality of Chinese college students: The mediating role of physical activity and moderating effect of mobile phone addiction. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1108911. [PMID: 37124819 PMCID: PMC10133522 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1108911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Poor sleep quality has become a common health problem encountered by college students. Methods Health belief scale (HBS), physical activity rating scale (PARS-3), mobile phone addiction tendency scale (MPATS) and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) were adopted to analyze the data collected from survey questionnaires, which were filled out by 1,019 college students (including 429 males and 590 females) from five comprehensive colleges and universities from March 2022 to April 2022. The data collected from survey questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS and its macro-program PROCESS. Results (1) Health belief, physical activity, mobile phone addiction and sleep quality are significantly associated with each other (P < 0.01); (2) physical activity plays a mediating role between health belief and sleep quality, and the mediating effects account for 14.77%; (3) mobile phone addiction can significantly moderate the effect size of health belief (β = 0.062, p < 0.05) and physical activity (β = 0.073, P < 0.05) on sleep quality, and significantly moderate the effect size of health belief on physical activity (β = -0.112, p < 0.001). Conclusion The health belief of college students can significantly improve their sleep quality; college students' health belief can not only improve their sleep quality directly, but also improve their sleep quality through physical activity; mobile phone addiction can significantly moderate the effect size of health belief on sleep quality, the effect size of health belief on physical activity, and the effect size of physical activity on sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchao Gao
- Physical Education Department, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
- Physical Education Department, Yuncheng Vocational and Technical University, Yuncheng, China
| | - Chuang Li
- Department of Basic Education, Henan Polytechnic, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Beining Han
- School of Physical Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Beining Han,
| | - Peng Xu
- School of Physical Education, Zhengzhou University of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chenxu Qu
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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11
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Zou H, Zhou H, Yan R, Yao Z, Lu Q. Chronotype, circadian rhythm, and psychiatric disorders: Recent evidence and potential mechanisms. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:811771. [PMID: 36033630 PMCID: PMC9399511 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.811771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythm is crucial for physiological and behavioral functions. Chronotype, which represents individual preferences for activity and performance, is associated with human health issues, particularly psychiatric disorders. This narrative review, which focuses on the relationship between chronotype and mental disorders, provides an insight into the potential mechanism. Recent evidence indicates that (1) the evening chronotype is a risk factor for depressive disorders and substance use disorders, whereas the morning chronotype is a protective factor. (2) Evening chronotype individuals with bipolar disorder tend to have more severe symptoms and comorbidities. (3) The evening chronotype is only related to anxiety symptoms. (4) The relationship between chronotype and schizophrenia remains unclear, despite increasing evidence on their link. (5) The evening chronotype is significantly associated with eating disorders, with the majority of studies have focused on binge eating disorders. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms or influence factors are described in detail, including clock genes, brain characteristics, neuroendocrinology, the light/dark cycle, social factors, psychological factors, and sleep disorders. These findings provide the latest evidence on chronotypes and psychiatric disorders and serve as a valuable reference for researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Zou
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongliang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhijian Yao
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhijian Yao,
| | - Qing Lu
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Child Development and Learning Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
- Qing Lu,
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12
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Wang Y, Vlemincx E, Vantieghem I, Dhar M, Dong D, Vandekerckhove M. Bottom-Up and Cognitive Top-Down Emotion Regulation: Experiential Emotion Regulation and Cognitive Reappraisal on Stress Relief and Follow-Up Sleep Physiology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:7621. [PMID: 35805280 PMCID: PMC9265367 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Emotional stress throughout the day is known to affect objective sleep physiology and subjective sleep quality. In the interplay between emotions and sleep, emotion regulation plays a critical role in the recovery from stressful, emotional events and subsequent sleep. While the effects of top-down emotion regulation strategies such as cognitive reappraisal on sleep have been studied before, the impact of bottom-up emotion regulation strategies such as experiential emotion regulation is understudied. Cognitive reappraisal reflects the cognitive reinterpretation of the meaning of a stressful event, while experiential emotion regulation involves an active, non-intervening, accepting, open and welcoming approach of acknowledging awareness of raw sensory affective experiences or 'experiential awareness' in a first phase and expression in a second phase. The present study aims to investigate the effects of experiential emotion regulation and cognitive reappraisal on the recovery from pre-sleep emotional stress measured by (1) negative affect and (2) sleep structure. Sleep of forty-three healthy Dutch-speaking participants (22 females, 21 males) has been assessed using EEG polysomnography. Stress was triggered using a pre-sleep emotional failure induction, after which emotion regulation by experiential emotion regulation versus cognitive reappraisal versus control was induced twice. The control condition consisted of the reallocation of attention towards the neutral aspects of the emotional event. The results indicated that recovery from negative affect of the failure experience after single or repeated deployment of experiential emotion regulation and cognitive reappraisal was not significantly different from the control condition. Moreover, after repeated deployment, sleep physiology did not significantly differ between experiential emotion regulation, cognitive reappraisal, and the control condition in the impact of the regulation of the failure experience. The implications of the distinctive impact of experiential emotion regulation and cognitive reappraisal on both the pre-sleep emotional experience and follow-up sleep physiology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Wang
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
- Faculty of Psychological and Educational Sciences, University of Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elke Vlemincx
- Department of Health Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Iris Vantieghem
- Faculty of Medicine and Psychopharmacology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Monica Dhar
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Debo Dong
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
| | - Marie Vandekerckhove
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
- Faculty of Medicine and Psychopharmacology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
- Faculty of Arts and Philosophy, University of Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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13
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Lefter R, Cojocariu RO, Ciobica A, Balmus IM, Mavroudis I, Kis A. Interactions between Sleep and Emotions in Humans and Animal Models. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58020274. [PMID: 35208598 PMCID: PMC8877042 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, increased interest and efforts were observed in describing the possible interaction between sleep and emotions. Human and animal model studies addressed the implication of both sleep patterns and emotional processing in neurophysiology and neuropathology in suggesting a bidirectional interaction intimately modulated by complex mechanisms and factors. In this context, we aimed to discuss recent evidence and possible mechanisms implicated in this interaction, as provided by both human and animal models in studies. In addition, considering the affective component of brain physiological patterns, we aimed to find reasonable evidence in describing the two-way association between comorbid sleep impairments and psychiatric disorders. The main scientific literature databases (PubMed/Medline, Web of Science) were screened with keyword combinations for relevant content taking into consideration only English written papers and the inclusion and exclusion criteria, according to PRISMA guidelines. We found that a strong modulatory interaction between sleep processes and emotional states resides on the activity of several key brain structures, such as the amygdala, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and brainstem nuclei. In addition, evidence suggested that physiologically and behaviorally related mechanisms of sleep are intimately interacting with emotional perception and processing which could advise the key role of sleep in the unconscious character of emotional processes. However, further studies are needed to explain and correlate the functional analysis with causative and protective factors of sleep impairments and negative emotional modulation on neurophysiologic processing, mental health, and clinical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Lefter
- Center of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, Iasi Branch, B dul Carol I, no. 8, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Roxana Oana Cojocariu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, B dul Carol I, no 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Alin Ciobica
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, B dul Carol I, no 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
- Center of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, B dul Carol I, no 8, 700505 Iasi, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Splaiul Independentei nr. 54, Sector 5, 050094 Bucuresti, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (I.-M.B.)
| | - Ioana-Miruna Balmus
- Department of Exact Sciences and Natural Sciences, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Alexandru Lapusneanu Street, no. 26, 700057 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (I.-M.B.)
| | - Ioannis Mavroudis
- Department of Neurology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
| | - Anna Kis
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary;
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14
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Bendall RCA, Eachus P, Thompson C. The influence of stimuli valence, extraversion, and emotion regulation on visual search within real-world scenes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:948. [PMID: 35042925 PMCID: PMC8766590 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04964-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Affective traits, including extraversion and emotion regulation, are important considerations in clinical psychology due to their associations with the occurrence of affective disorders. Previously, emotional real-world scenes have been shown to influence visual search. However, it is currently unknown whether extraversion and emotion regulation can influence visual search towards neutral targets embedded within real-world scenes, or whether these traits can impact the effect of emotional stimuli on visual search. An opportunity sample of healthy individuals had trait levels of extraversion and emotion regulation recorded before completing a visual search task. Participants more accurately identified search targets in neutral images compared to positive images, whilst response times were slower in negative images. Importantly, individuals with higher trait levels of expressive suppression displayed faster identification of search targets regardless of the emotional valence of the stimuli. Extraversion and cognitive reappraisal did not influence visual search. These findings add to our understanding regarding the influence of extraversion, cognitive reappraisal, and expressive suppression on our ability to allocate attention during visual search when viewing real-world scenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C A Bendall
- Directorate of Psychology and Sport, School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Allerton Building, Frederick Road, Salford, M5 4WT, UK.
| | - Peter Eachus
- Directorate of Psychology and Sport, School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Allerton Building, Frederick Road, Salford, M5 4WT, UK
| | - Catherine Thompson
- Directorate of Psychology and Sport, School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Allerton Building, Frederick Road, Salford, M5 4WT, UK
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15
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Hairston IS, Portal L, Carmon T. Positive rumination can (also) interfere with sleep: A study in a non-clinical sample. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:889810. [PMID: 36016976 PMCID: PMC9396259 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.889810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED It is postulated that negative ruminations perpetuate insomnia symptoms by increasing arousal. Less is known about the role of positive rumination. In this study, we set out to test the association between positive and negative ruminations and insomnia symptoms in a non-clinical sample, asking whether reappraisal and suppression moderate the relationship between rumination types and symptoms of insomnia. METHODS A convenience sample of 354 participants (59% women), ages 18-50, responded to online questionnaires regarding symptoms of insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index [ISI]), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire that provides separate scales for Reappraisal and Suppression, Negative Rumination (Ruminative Response Scale), Positive Rumination and Dampening (Responses to Positive Affect questionnaire), and general health and demographics. RESULTS About 30% of respondents had moderate to severe symptoms of insomnia according to the ISI. The primary hypothesis was tested using three moderation models, where rumination type, emotion regulation styles, and interaction terms were predictors, and ISI scores were the outcome variable. Negative rumination positively predicted ISI (β = 0.56, p < 0.001), while the interaction terms with Reappraisal (β = 0.02, p = 0.575) and Suppression (β = 0.07, p = 0.092) were not significant. Dampening also positively predicted ISI (β = 0.56, p < 0.001), with the interaction term with Reappraisal nearly significant (β = -0.09, p = 0.060), but not with Suppression (β = 0.08, p =0.098). Positive rumination negatively predicted ISI (β = -0.12, p = 0.021), this relationship was reversed with emotion regulation factors in the model (β = 0.11, p = 0.094), where the interaction with Reappraisal (β = 0.13, p = 0.020) and Suppression (β = -0.13, p = 0.024) were both significant. DISCUSSION Positive Rumination weakly and negatively correlated with ISI, but the combination with Reappraisal was associated with more insomnia symptoms. By contrast, Dampening was associated with more insomnia symptoms, with minimal to no moderating effects. These observations are interpreted in the context of the role of emotion regulation strategies and sleep, and their potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana S Hairston
- Psychology Department, Tel Hai Academic College, Kiryat Shmona, Israel.,The Institute of Information Processing and Decision Making (IIPDM), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lilach Portal
- Psychology Department, Tel Hai Academic College, Kiryat Shmona, Israel.,Psychology Department, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Tal Carmon
- Psychology Department, Tel Hai Academic College, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
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16
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Bendall RCA, Begley S, Thompson C. Interactive influences of emotion and extraversion on visual attention. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e2387. [PMID: 34661995 PMCID: PMC8613417 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emotion has been shown to influence selective visual attention. However, studies in this field have revealed contradictory findings regarding the nature of this influence. One possible explanation for the variation in findings is that affective inter-individual differences impact both attention and emotion and may therefore moderate any influence of emotion on attention. The current work is a novel investigation of the effects of induced emotional states and the traits of extraversion and neuroticism on visual attention. This allowed a direct investigation of any impact of extraversion and neuroticism on the way in which emotion influences attention. METHODS Participants were induced into positive, neutral, and negative emotional states before completing a change detection flicker task in which they were required to locate a change to a real-world scene as quickly and accurately as possible. RESULTS Participants scoring higher in extraversion were more accurate but slower at detecting changes. Importantly, this was particularly evident when induced into a negative emotional state compared to a neutral emotional state. Neuroticism had no impact on attention. CONCLUSIONS The current study provides evidence that extraversion can moderate the influence of negative emotion upon visual attention and may help to explain some of the contradictory findings in this research area. When considered independently, increased trait levels of extraversion were associated with improved change detection. Individuals higher in extraversion appear better equipped to regulate negative emotion compared to individuals lower in extraversion, supporting research linking extraversion to affective reactivity and models of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C. A. Bendall
- Directorate of Psychology & SportSchool of Health and SocietyUniversity of SalfordSalfordUK
| | - Shaunine Begley
- Directorate of Psychology & SportSchool of Health and SocietyUniversity of SalfordSalfordUK
| | - Catherine Thompson
- Directorate of Psychology & SportSchool of Health and SocietyUniversity of SalfordSalfordUK
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17
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Herzog-Krzywoszanska R, Jewula B, Krzywoszanski L. Bedtime Procrastination Partially Mediates the Impact of Personality Characteristics on Daytime Fatigue Resulting From Sleep Deficiency. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:727440. [PMID: 34630018 PMCID: PMC8497884 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.727440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Getting good and sufficiently long sleep at night is important for health, effective functioning, and well-being. However, insufficient or delayed sleep are important and growing social problems that can lead to fatigue, poor performance, deterioration of well-being, circadian rhythm disturbances, and health problems. One of the significant determinants of sleep deprivation is bedtime procrastination, which is understood as the individual tendency to postpone going to bed in the absence of any external circumstances that force one to do so. Nowadays, this phenomenon is widespread in various social groups, especially among students. Despite the high prevalence of bedtime procrastination, its relationship with personality characteristics has not yet been thoroughly studied. The presented research aimed to identify the possible impact of the basic dispositional personality traits and trait-like personality characteristics on bedtime procrastination and daytime fatigue resulting from a deficiency of sleep at night. The responses from 399 university students who voluntarily took part in an internet survey were analyzed. The severity of bedtime procrastination was assessed using the Bedtime Procrastination Scale. Five basic dispositional personality traits (extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness/intellect) and their components (aspects) were measured using the International Personality Item Pool - Big Five Aspects Scale. Self-esteem and general self-efficacy were assessed using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the General Self-Efficacy Scale. Perceived locus of control was measured using the Delta Questionnaire. The direct and indirect relationships between personality variables and daytime fatigue were investigated using linear regression models with bedtime procrastination as a mediator variable. Industriousness and orderliness, both of which are aspects of conscientiousness, were found to be indirectly associated with daytime fatigue as a consequence of their impact on bedtime procrastination. Volatility and withdrawal, both of which are aspects of neuroticism, were found to be directly related to daytime fatigue without the intermediary impact of bedtime procrastination. Self-esteem was shown to be associated with experiencing daytime fatigue, both directly and indirectly through bedtime procrastination. General self-efficacy and external locus of control were associated with daytime fatigue only directly, without the intermediary role of bedtime procrastination. The results of our research indicate that personality factors may not only play an important role in shaping sleep-related health behaviors, but they also affect well-being during the day.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beata Jewula
- St. Luke's Provincial Hospital in Tarnow, Tarnow, Poland
| | - Lukasz Krzywoszanski
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Pedagogy and Psychology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Krakow, Poland
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18
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Ye B, Wu D, Wang P, Im H, Liu M, Wang X, Yang Q. COVID-19 Stressors and Poor Sleep Quality: The Mediating Role of Rumination and the Moderating Role of Emotion Regulation Strategies. Int J Behav Med 2021; 29:416-425. [PMID: 34581977 PMCID: PMC8477722 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-021-10026-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background The global spread of COVID-19 has brought immense psychological distress and sleep problems to those affected. This study examined the mediating role of rumination in the direct association between COVID-19 stressors and poor sleep quality and the moderating roles of emotion regulation strategies. Method A cross-sectional online survey study was conducted in China during the early outbreak of the pandemic. A total of 1106 Chinese college students (Mage = 19.58, SD = 1.61) completed measures of COVID-19 stressors, rumination, emotion regulation strategies (i.e., cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression), and poor sleep quality. Results COVID-19 stressors were positively associated with poor sleep quality (β = .431, p < .001), and rumination partially mediated this association. The mediation effect accounted for 70.93% of the total effect of COVID-19 stressors on poor sleep quality. Moreover, cognitive reappraisal moderated the relation between COVID-19 stressors and rumination, and expressive suppression moderated the association between rumination and poor sleep quality. Conclusion Rumination could be a mechanism by which COVID-19 stressors are linked with poor sleep quality. Cognitive reappraisal might provide desired benefits to improving sleep quality while expressive suppression may do the opposite. Implications for future steps and health interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojuan Ye
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, Center of Preschool Education, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Dehua Wu
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, Center of Preschool Education, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Peiyi Wang
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Hohjin Im
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Mingfan Liu
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, Center of Preschool Education, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinqiang Wang
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, Center of Preschool Education, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- School of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
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19
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Semenchuk BN, Onchulenko S, Strachan SM. Self-compassion and sleep quality: Examining the mediating role of taking a proactive health focus and cognitive emotional regulation strategies. J Health Psychol 2021; 27:2435-2445. [PMID: 34544298 PMCID: PMC9434207 DOI: 10.1177/13591053211047148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep quality (SQ) impacts health yet many university students get poor
sleep. Self-compassion (SC)—care for oneself during challenging
times—is associated with SQ yet how SC has these
effects is unclear. This study cross-sectionally examined whether SC
is negatively related to poor SQ and whether proactive health focus
and cognitive emotional regulation strategies (CERS) mediate this
relationship. University students (N = 193)
self-reported SC, proactive health focus, CERS, and SQ. SC negatively
associated with poor SQ (r = −0.34) and self-blame
mediated this (b = 0.08, 95% CI [0.01, 0.16]). SC may
improve SQ through reducing self-blame.
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20
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Negative affectivity, sensory processing hypersensitivity, sleep quality and dreams: A conceptual model for generalised anxiety disorder in adults. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01428-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Liu J, Zhu L, Liu C. Sleep Quality and Self-Control: The Mediating Roles of Positive and Negative Affects. Front Psychol 2020; 11:607548. [PMID: 33391127 PMCID: PMC7773722 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.607548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the mediating roles of both positive and negative affects in the relationship between sleep quality and self-control. A sample of 1,507 Chinese adults (37% men; mean age = 32.5 years) completed self-report questionnaires measuring sleep quality, positive and negative emotions, and self-control. Poor sleep quality was positively correlated with negative affect and negatively correlated with positive affect and self-control. Positive affect was positively correlated with self-control, while negative affect was negatively correlated with self-control. Both positive and negative affects significantly mediated the relationship between sleep quality and self-control. Improving individuals' sleep qualities may lead to more positive emotions and less negative emotion, and these mood changes may increase resources for self-control. Regulating positive and negative affects may reduce the negative effects of poor sleep quality on self-control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Conghui Liu
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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22
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Li L, Griffiths MD, Mei S, Niu Z. Fear of Missing Out and Smartphone Addiction Mediates the Relationship Between Positive and Negative Affect and Sleep Quality Among Chinese University Students. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:877. [PMID: 33192635 PMCID: PMC7481466 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The widespread use of social media on smartphones has lead to the fear of missing out (FoMO) and smartphone addiction among a minority of adolescents and adults. However, few studies have investigated the impact of trait affect on sleep quality via FoMO and smartphone addiction. The present study examined whether FoMO (trait-FoMO and state-FoMO) and smartphone addiction mediated the relationship between positive affect (PA)/negative affect (NA) and sleep quality, and the prevalence of sleep disturbance among Chinese university students. METHODS The sample comprised 1,164 university students and they completed a survey which included the Chinese Trait-State Fear of Missing Out Scale (T-SFoMOS-C), Mobile Phone Addiction Index (MPAI), International Positive and Negative Affect Scale Short-Form (I-PANAS-SF), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). RESULTS The prevalence of sleep disturbance was found to be 15.98% among Chinese university students. The serial multiple mediation effects indicated that PA directly impacted on sleep quality, but the mediation effects of trait-FoMO and state-FoMO were not found. NA impacted on sleep quality via the mediation effects of trait-FoMO/state-FoMO and smartphone addiction. CONCLUSION Negative affect was positively associated with poor sleep quality, which was partially mediated by FoMO and smartphone addiction among Chinese university students. Individuals with high negative affect were more likely to have high levels of FoMO and were more prone to smartphone addiction as well as experiencing poor sleep quality. These findings provide an evidence base for emotion management, prevention of smartphone addiction, and sleep improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Songli Mei
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhimin Niu
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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