1
|
Flores E, Martínez-Racaj L, Blasco Á, Diaz E, Esteban P, López-Garrigós M, Salinas M. A step forward in the diagnosis of urinary tract infections: from machine learning to clinical practice. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 24:533-541. [PMID: 39220685 PMCID: PMC11362637 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common infections within the Emergency Department (ED), causing increased laboratory workloads and unnecessary antibiotics prescriptions. The aim of this study was to improve UTI diagnostics in clinical practice by application of machine learning (ML) models for real-time UTI prediction. Methods In a retrospective study, patient information and outcomes from Emergency Department patients, with positive and negative culture results, were used to design models - 'Random Forest' and 'Neural Network' - for the prediction of UTIs. The performance of these predictive models was validated in a cross-sectional study. In a quasi-experimental study, the impact of UTI risk assessment was investigated by evaluating changes in the behaviour of clinicians, measuring changes in antibiotic prescriptions and urine culture requests. Results First, we trained and tested two different predictive models with 8692 cases. Second, we investigated the performance of the predictive models in clinical practice with 962 cases (Area under the curve was between 0.81 to 0.88). The best performance was the combination of both models. Finally, the assessment of the risk for UTIs was implemented into clinical practice and allowed for the reduction of unnecessary urine cultures and antibiotic prescriptions for patients with a low risk of UTI, as well as targeted diagnostics and treatment for patients with a high risk of UTI. Conclusion The combination of modern urinalysis diagnostic technologies with digital health solutions can help to further improve UTI diagnostics with positive impact on laboratory workloads and antimicrobial stewardship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Flores
- Department of Laboratory, Hospital Universitario San Juan de Alicante, Carretera de Valencia, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Elche, Spain
| | - Laura Martínez-Racaj
- Department of Laboratory, Hospital Universitario San Juan de Alicante, Carretera de Valencia, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Álvaro Blasco
- Department of Laboratory, Hospital Universitario San Juan de Alicante, Carretera de Valencia, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Elena Diaz
- Department of Emergency, Hospital Universitario San Juan de Alicante, Carretera de Valencia, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Patricia Esteban
- Department of Laboratory, Hospital Universitario San Juan de Alicante, Carretera de Valencia, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Maite López-Garrigós
- Department of Laboratory, Hospital Universitario San Juan de Alicante, Carretera de Valencia, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - María Salinas
- Department of Laboratory, Hospital Universitario San Juan de Alicante, Carretera de Valencia, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dutta R, Stothers L, Ackerman AL. Manipulating the Gut Microbiome in Urinary Tract Infection-Prone Patients. Urol Clin North Am 2024; 51:525-536. [PMID: 39349020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2024.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2024]
Abstract
Although antibiotics remain the mainstay of urinary tract infection treatment, many affected women can be caught in a vicious cycle in which antibiotics given to eradicate one infection predispose them to develop another. This effect is primarily mediated by disturbances in the gut microbiome that both directly enrich for uropathogenic overgrowth and induce systemic alterations in inflammation, tissue permeability, and metabolism that also decrease host resistance to infection recurrences. Here, we discuss nonantibiotic approaches to manipulating the gut microbiome to reverse the systemic consequences of antibiotics, including cranberry supplementation and other dietary approaches, probiotic administration, and fecal microbiota transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Dutta
- Division of Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Box 951738, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1738, USA
| | - Lynn Stothers
- Division of Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Box 951738, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1738, USA
| | - A Lenore Ackerman
- Division of Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Box 951738, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1738, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhu NJ, Weldegiorgis M, Carter E, Brown C, Holmes A, Aylin P. Economic Burden of Community-Acquired Antibiotic-Resistant Urinary Tract Infections: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e53828. [PMID: 39382601 DOI: 10.2196/53828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Antibiotic resistance (ABR) poses a major burden to global health and economic systems. ABR in community-acquired urinary tract infections (CA-UTIs) has become increasingly prevalent. Accurate estimates of ABR's clinical and economic burden are needed to support medical resource prioritization and cost-effectiveness evaluations of urinary tract infection (UTI) interventions. Objective This study aims to systematically synthesize the evidence on the economic costs associated with ABR in CA-UTIs, using published studies comparing the costs of antibiotic-susceptible and antibiotic-resistant cases. Methods We searched the PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE and Embase, Cochrane Review Library, and Scopus databases. Studies published in English from January 1, 2008, to January 31, 2023, reporting the economic costs of ABR in CA-UTI of any microbe were included. Independent screening of titles/abstracts and full texts was performed based on prespecified criteria. A quality assessment was performed using the Integrated Quality Criteria for Review of Multiple Study Designs (ICROMS) tool. Data in UTI diagnosis criteria, patient characteristics, perspectives, resource costs, and patient and health economic outcomes, including mortality, hospital length of stay (LOS), and costs, were extracted and analyzed. Monetary costs were converted into 2023 US dollars. Results This review included 15 studies with a total of 57,251 CA-UTI cases. All studies were from high- or upper-middle-income countries. A total of 14 (93%) studies took a health system perspective, 13 (87%) focused on hospitalized patients, and 14 (93%) reported UTI pathogens. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the most prevalent organisms. A total of 12 (80%) studies reported mortality, of which, 7 reported increased mortality in the ABR group. Random effects meta-analyses estimated an odds ratio of 1.50 (95% CI 1.29-1.74) in the ABR CA-UTI cases. All 13 hospital-based studies reported LOS, of which, 11 reported significantly higher LOS in the ABR group. The meta-analysis of the reported median LOS estimated a pooled excess LOS ranging from 1.50 days (95% CI 0.71-4.00) to 2.00 days (95% CI 0.85-3.15). The meta-analysis of the reported mean LOS estimated a pooled excess LOS of 2.45 days (95% CI 0.51-4.39). A total of 8 (53%) studies reported costs in monetary terms-none discounted the costs. All 8 studies reported higher medical costs spent treating patients with ABR CA-UTI in hospitals. The highest excess cost was observed in UTIs caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales. No meta-analysis was performed for monetary costs due to heterogeneity. Conclusions ABR was attributed to increased mortality, hospital LOS, and economic costs among patients with CA-UTI. The findings of this review highlighted the scarcity of research in this area, particularly in patient morbidity and chronic sequelae and costs incurred in community health care. Future research calls for a cost-of-illness analysis of infections, standardizing therapy-pathogen combination comparators, medical resources, productivity loss, intangible costs to be captured, and data from community sectors and low-resource settings and countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Jiayue Zhu
- National Institute for Healthcare Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Antimicrobial Optimisation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Misghina Weldegiorgis
- National Institute for Healthcare Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Carter
- National Institute for Healthcare Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Brown
- Healthcare Associated Infections, Fungal, Antimicrobial Resistance, Antimicrobial Use, and Sepsis Division, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Holmes
- National Institute for Healthcare Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Antimicrobial Optimisation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Aylin
- National Institute for Healthcare Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nasr J, Abdessamad H, Mina J, Haykal T, Jamil Y, Abboud E, Mahdi A, Asmar R, Abi Assaad R, Alameddine D, Bourji A, Mahdi M, Abdulaal R, Tomassian S, El Ahmadieh H, Azzam W, Mokhbat JE, Moghnieh R, Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Husni R. The epidemiology of gram-negative bacteremia in Lebanon: a study in four hospitals. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2024; 23:90. [PMID: 39385237 PMCID: PMC11465513 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-024-00740-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gram-negative bacteremia is a life-threatening infection with high morbidity and mortality. Its incidence is rising worldwide, and treatment has become more challenging due to emerging bacterial resistance. Little data is available on the burden and outcome of such infections in Lebanon. METHODS We conducted this retrospective study in four Lebanese hospitals. Data on medical conditions and demographics of 2400 patients diagnosed with a bloodstream infection based on a positive blood culture were collected between January 2014 and December 2020. RESULTS Most bacteremias were caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, with the more resistant organisms being hospital-acquired. Third-generation cephalosporin and quinolone resistance was steady throughout the study, but carbapenem resistance increased. Mortality with such infections is high, but carbapenem resistance or infection with Pseudomonas or Acinetobacter species were significant risk factors for poor outcomes. CONCLUSION This is the first multi-center study from Lebanon on gram-negative bacteremia, resistance patterns, and factors associated with a poor outcome. More surveillance is needed to provide data to guide empirical treatment for bacteremia in Lebanon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janane Nasr
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102, Lebanon
| | - Hilal Abdessamad
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102, Lebanon
| | - Johnathan Mina
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102, Lebanon
| | - Tony Haykal
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102, Lebanon
| | - Yasser Jamil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102, Lebanon
| | - Emma Abboud
- Laboratory Director, Mount Lebanon Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, 1102, Lebanon
| | - Ahmad Mahdi
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102, Lebanon
| | - Rana Asmar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102, Lebanon
| | - Rawad Abi Assaad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102, Lebanon
| | - Dana Alameddine
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102, Lebanon
| | - Alaa Bourji
- Department of Surgery, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102, Lebanon
| | - Mahmoud Mahdi
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102, Lebanon
| | - Razan Abdulaal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Balamand, Balamand, Lebanon
| | - Serge Tomassian
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Balamand, Balamand, Lebanon
| | - Hanane El Ahmadieh
- Infection Control Coordination, Mount Lebanon Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, 1102, Lebanon
| | - Wael Azzam
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102, Lebanon
| | - Jacques E Mokhbat
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102, Lebanon
| | - Rima Moghnieh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102, Lebanon
| | - Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102, Lebanon
- Master of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Lima, 15067, Peru
| | - Rola Husni
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102, Lebanon.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sujith S, Solomon AP, Rayappan JBB. Comprehensive insights into UTIs: from pathophysiology to precision diagnosis and management. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1402941. [PMID: 39380727 PMCID: PMC11458535 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1402941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the second most common infectious disease, predominantly impacting women with 150 million individuals affected globally. It increases the socio-economic burden of society and is mainly caused by Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp., and Staphylococcus spp. The severity of the infection correlates with the host factors varying from acute to chronic infections. Even with a high incidence rate, the diagnosis is mainly based on the symptoms, dipstick analysis, and culture analysis, which are time-consuming, labour-intensive, and lacking sensitivity and specificity. During this period, medical professionals prescribe empirical antibiotics, which may increase the antimicrobial resistance rate. Timely and precise UTI diagnosis is essential for addressing antibiotic resistance and improving overall quality of life. In response to these challenges, new techniques are emerging. The review provides a comprehensive overview of the global burden of UTIs, associated risk factors, implicated organisms, traditional and innovative diagnostic methods, and approaches to UTI treatment and prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Sujith
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Adline Princy Solomon
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - John Bosco Balaguru Rayappan
- Nanosensors Laboratory, School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li X, Zheng T, Xiao Y, Zhao Y, Wu P. Field-Deployable Colorimetric Array for On-Site Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infection and Identification of Causative Pathogens. Anal Chem 2024; 96:14679-14687. [PMID: 39190031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c03617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common and prevalent disease caused by a spectrum of pathogens. Lack of access to rapid, portable, and high-quality diagnostics in resource-limited settings aggravates the improper treatment of UTIs, which is also a major driver of antibiotic misuse worldwide. Here, we describe a custom-made portable colorimetric array (PoCA) for reading out polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicons, the rationale of which is to transfer the previously developed dsDNA-based photosensitization colorimetric assay (solution) onto paper discs for detection. By integrating mini-LED irradiation and paper discs, the PoCA can read out 96 PCR tests in one pot, thus allowing diagnosis and identification of 12 prevailing UTI pathogens in less than 2 h, coupled with a portable thermal cycler for PCR. After analyzing 200 clinical urine samples, the pathogen profiling accuracy of the PoCA was demonstrated to be higher than the standard urine culture (confirmed with metagenomic next-generation sequencing). The PoCA platform could be used in primary care for rapid UTI diagnosis and pathogen identification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianming Li
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Zheng
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuling Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Timm MR, Russell SK, Hultgren SJ. Urinary tract infections: pathogenesis, host susceptibility and emerging therapeutics. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024:10.1038/s41579-024-01092-4. [PMID: 39251839 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01092-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs), which include any infection of the urethra, bladder or kidneys, account for an estimated 400 million infections and billions of dollars in health-care spending per year. The most common bacterium implicated in UTI is uropathogenic Escherichia coli, but diverse pathogens including Klebsiella, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus and even yeast such as Candida species can also cause UTIs. UTIs occur in both women and men and in both healthy and immunocompromised patients. However, certain patient factors predispose to disease: for example, female sex, history of prior UTI, or the presence of a urinary catheter or other urinary tract abnormality. The current clinical paradigm for the treatment of UTIs involves the use of antibiotics. Unfortunately, the efficacy of this approach is dwindling as the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance rises among UTI isolates, and the immense quantity of antibiotics prescribed annually for these infections contributes to the emergence of resistant pathogens. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new antibiotics and non-antibiotic treatment and prevention strategies. In this Review, we discuss how recent studies of bacterial pathogenesis, recurrence, persistence, host-pathogen interactions and host susceptibility factors have elucidated new and promising targets for the treatment and prevention of UTIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan R Timm
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Seongmi K Russell
- Department of Paediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Scott J Hultgren
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
O'Callaghan L, Olsen M, Tajouri L, Beaver D, Hudson C, Alghafri R, McKirdy S, Goldsworthy A. Plastic induced urinary tract disease and dysfunction: a scoping review. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2024:10.1038/s41370-024-00709-3. [PMID: 39217203 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-024-00709-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 2019 the World Health Organisation published a report which concluded microplastics in drinking water did not present a threat to human health. Since this time a plethora of research has emerged demonstrating the presence of plastic in various organ systems and their deleterious pathophysiological effects. METHODS A scoping review was undertaken in line with recommendations from the Johanna Briggs Institute. Five databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL, Web of Science and EMBASE) were systematically searched in addition to a further grey literature search. RESULTS Eighteen articles were identified, six of which investigated and characterised the presence of microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) in the human urinary tract. Microplastics were found to be present in kidney, urine and bladder cancer samples. Twelve articles investigated the effect of MNPs on human cell lines associated with the human urinary tract. These articles suggest MNPs have a cytotoxic effect, increase inflammation, decrease cell viability and alter mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signalling pathways. CONCLUSION Given the reported presence MNPs in human tissues and organs, these plastics may have potential health implications in bladder disease and dysfunction. As a result, institutions such as the World Health Organisation need to urgently re-evaluate their position on the threat of microplastics to public health. IMPACT STATEMENT This scoping review highlights the rapidly emerging threat of microplastic contamination within the human urinary tract, challenging the World Health Organisation's assertion that microplastics pose no risk to public health. The documented cytotoxic effects of microplastics, alongside their ability to induce inflammation, reduce cell viability and disrupt signalling pathways, raise significant public health concerns relating to bladder cancer, chronic kidney disease, chronic urinary tract infections and incontinence. As a result, this study emphasises the pressing need for further research and policy development to address the challenges surrounding microplastic contamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liam O'Callaghan
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - Matthew Olsen
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - Lotti Tajouri
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Dubai Police Scientists Council, Dubai Police, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Davinia Beaver
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - Carly Hudson
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - Rashed Alghafri
- International Centre for Forensic Sciences, Dubai Police, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Simon McKirdy
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Adrian Goldsworthy
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia.
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Miller SJ, Carpenter L, Taylor SL, Wesselingh SL, Choo JM, Shoubridge AP, Papanicolas LE, Rogers GB. Intestinal microbiology and urinary tract infection associated risk in long-term aged care residents. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2024; 4:164. [PMID: 39152271 PMCID: PMC11329762 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-024-00583-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary tract infections (UTI) are the most frequently diagnosed infection in residents of long-term care and are a major risk factor for urosepsis, hospitalisation, and death. Translocation of gut pathobionts into the urinary tract is the presumed cause of most UTIs. While specific gut microbiota characteristics have been linked to UTI risk in younger adults, their relevance in aged care residents remains uncertain. METHODS The faecal microbiome was assessed in 54 long-term aged care residents with a history of UTIs and 69 residents without a UTI history. Further comparisons were made to microbiome characteristics in 20 younger adults without UTIs. Microbiome characteristics were examined in relation to prior and subsequent UTIs, as well as antibiotic therapy. RESULTS In long-term aged care residents, prior UTI history and exposure to UTI-exclusive antibiotics do not significantly affect microbiome composition or functional capacity. However, exposure to antibiotics unrelated to UTI treatment is associated with distinct microbiota compositional traits. Adjustment for dementia, incontinence, diabetes, and prior antibiotic use finds no microbiota characteristic linked to UTI development. However, prior UTI is identified as a predictor of future UTIs. Comparison with younger adults identifies greater within-participant dispersion in aged care residents, as well as lower microbiota diversity and altered microbiome functional potential. CONCLUSIONS No association between the gut microbiome and UTI incidence, as has been reported in younger individuals, is evident in long-term aged care residents. Considerable variability in gut microbiome characteristics, relating to high antibiotic exposure and age-related physiological and immunological factors, could mask such a relationship. However, it cannot be discounted that increased UTI risk in the elderly is independent of microbiome-mediated mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie J Miller
- Microbiome and Host Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lucy Carpenter
- Microbiome and Host Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Steven L Taylor
- Microbiome and Host Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Steve L Wesselingh
- Microbiome and Host Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jocelyn M Choo
- Microbiome and Host Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew P Shoubridge
- Microbiome and Host Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lito E Papanicolas
- Microbiome and Host Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- SA Pathology, SA Health, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Geraint B Rogers
- Microbiome and Host Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
- Infection and Immunity, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Safwan M, Dias B, Dilhari A. Degree of awareness and practices on urinary tract infections: A study of Sri Lankan school teachers selected from a chronic kidney disease high-prevalent setting. Urologia 2024; 91:574-581. [PMID: 38497160 DOI: 10.1177/03915603241237563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As key stakeholders in educational settings, teachers' awareness on Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) will ultimately enhance its management in schools and community. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) on UTIs among teachers in Sri Lanka. MATERIALS AND METHODS Conveniently selected 373 school teachers were assessed using a pre-tested questionnaire. Each of the individual was scored and categorized as either satisfactory or poor. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were performed to describe the outcomes. RESULTS Around 80% of respondents demonstrated awareness regarding the microbial origin of UTIs, while 42% possessed knowledge of women's increased susceptibility to UTIs. Over 90% of participants had favorable attitudes toward drinking adequate amounts of water, personal hygiene, and consulting doctors for UTI symptoms. Each inquiry demonstrated significant disparities between individuals with satisfactory and poor attitudes (p = 0.000), with over 95% adhered to effective hygiene practices as a preventive measure against UTIs. The demographics of the participants did not show any significance over the KAP results of the study (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The study revealed satisfactory levels of awareness and favorable attitudes among respondents on UTIs. However, there is a further need for increased awareness, specifically regarding the risk factors associated with UTIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohomed Safwan
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Bhavantha Dias
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Ayomi Dilhari
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ben-David D, Cohen Y, Zohar I, Maor Y, Schwartz O. The impact of Boric Acid tubes on quantitative urinary bacterial cultures in hospitalized patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 43:1639-1644. [PMID: 38916642 PMCID: PMC11271362 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-024-04874-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The accuracy of urine culture results can be affected by pre-analytical factors such as transport delays and storage conditions. The objectives of this study were to analyze urine collection practices and assess the impact of introducing boric acid tubes for urine collection on quantitative urinary bacterial cultures of hospitalized patients in medical wards. METHODS A quasi-experimental pre-post study conducted in an acute care facility. In the pre-intervention phase (2020-2021), urine samples were transported without preservatives at room temperature. In 2022 (post-intervention), we transitioned to boric acid transport tubes, evaluating its effect on significant bacterial growth (≥ 105 CFU/ml). Bivariate and multivariate analyses identified predictors of culture positivity. RESULTS Throughout the duration of the study, a total of 12,660 urine cultures were analyzed. Date and time documentation was complete for 38.3% of specimens. Culture positivity was higher with longer processing times: positivity was 21.3% (220/1034) when specimens were processed within 4 h, 28.4% (955/3364) when processed in 4-24 h, and 32.9% (137/417) when processed after 24 h (p < 0.0001). For 4-24-hour processing, positivity decreased from 30.4% (704/2317) pre-intervention to 24.0% (251/1047) post-intervention (p < 0.001), with no significant changes in < 4 or ≥ 24-hour specimens. Stratified analysis by processing time revealed that the intervention was associated with reduced positivity only in cultures processed within 4-24 h (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.67-0.94; p = 0.008). CONCLUSION The introduction of boric acid transport tubes predominantly influenced cultures transported within a 4-24-hour window. This presents an opportunity to improve urine tract infection diagnostic practices in healthcare settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debby Ben-David
- Infection Control Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Ha-Lokhamim St 62, Holon, 5822012, Israel.
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Yael Cohen
- Infection Control Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Ha-Lokhamim St 62, Holon, 5822012, Israel
| | - Iris Zohar
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Infectious Disease Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Yasmin Maor
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Infectious Disease Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Orna Schwartz
- Microbiology Laboratory, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tantibhadrasapa A, Li S, Buddhasiri S, Sukjoi C, Mongkolkarvin P, Boonpan P, Wongpalee SP, Paenkaew P, Sutheeworapong S, Nakphaichit M, Nitisinprasert S, Hsieh MH, Thiennimitr P. Probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri KUB-AC5 decreases urothelial cell invasion and enhances macrophage killing of uropathogenic Escherichia coli in vitro study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1401462. [PMID: 39091675 PMCID: PMC11291381 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1401462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bacterial urinary tract infections (UTI) are among the most common infectious diseases worldwide. The rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) UTI cases is a significant threat to healthcare systems. Several probiotic bacteria have been proposed as an alternative to combat MDR UTI. Lactic acid bacteria in the genus Limosilactobacillus are some of the most studied and used probiotics. However, strain-specific effects play a critical role in probiotic properties. L. reuteri KUB-AC5 (AC5), isolated from the chicken gut, confers antimicrobial and immunobiotic effects against some human pathogens. However, the antibacterial and immune modulatory effects of AC5 on UPEC have never been explored. Methods Here, we investigated both the direct and indirect effects of AC5 against UPEC isolates (UTI89, CFT073, and clinical MDR UPEC AT31) in vitro. Using a spot-on lawn, agar-well diffusion, and competitive growth assays, we found that viable AC5 cells and cell-free components of this probiotic significantly reduced the UPEC growth of all strains tested. The human bladder epithelial cell line UM-UC-3 was used to assess the adhesion and pathogen-attachment inhibition properties of AC5 on UPEC. Results and discussion Our data showed that AC5 can attach to UM-UC-3 and decrease UPEC attachment in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment of UPEC-infected murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells with viable AC5 (multiplicity of infection, MOI = 1) for 24 hours enhanced macrophage-killing activity and increased proinflammatory (Nos2, Il6, and Tnfa) and anti-inflammatory (Il10) gene expression. These findings indicate the gut-derived AC5 probiotic could be a potential urogenital probiotic against MDR UTI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Songbo Li
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Songphon Buddhasiri
- Research Center for Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chutikarn Sukjoi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Panupon Mongkolkarvin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pattarapon Boonpan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Somsakul Pop Wongpalee
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Prasobsook Paenkaew
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sawannee Sutheeworapong
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute (PDTI), King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Massalin Nakphaichit
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Specialized Research Unit: Probiotics and Prebiotics for Health, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunee Nitisinprasert
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Specialized Research Unit: Probiotics and Prebiotics for Health, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Michael H. Hsieh
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Parameth Thiennimitr
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
James B, Reesaul H, Kashif S, Behruznia M, Meehan CJ, Domingo-Sananes MR, Hubbard ATM. The effect of antibiotic selection on collateral effects and evolvability of uropathogenic Escherichia coli. NPJ ANTIMICROBIALS AND RESISTANCE 2024; 2:19. [PMID: 39036800 PMCID: PMC11254750 DOI: 10.1038/s44259-024-00037-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Trimethoprim is recommended as a first-line treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in the UK. In 2018, 31.4% of Escherichia coli isolated from UTIs in England were trimethoprim-resistant, leading to overreliance on other first and second-line antibiotics. Here, we assessed whether, in principle, prior selection with trimethoprim results in collateral effects to other antibiotics recommended for the treatment of UTIs. As collateral effects, we considered changes in susceptibility, mutation-selection window and population establishment probability. We selected 10 trimethoprim-resistant derivatives from three clinical isolates of uropathogenic Escherichia coli. We found that mutations conferring trimethoprim resistance did not have any collateral effects on fosfomycin. In contrast, resistance to trimethoprim resulted in decreased susceptibility (collateral resistance) to nitrofurantoin, below the clinical breakpoint and narrowed the mutation-selection window, thereby reducing the maximum concentration for selection of nitrofurantoin resistance mutations. Our analyses demonstrate that multiple collateral responses should be accounted for when predicting and optimising antibiotic use, limiting future antimicrobial resistance emergence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beth James
- Department of Biosciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, College Drive, Clifton, Nottingham NG11 8NS UK
| | - Hishikha Reesaul
- Department of Biosciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, College Drive, Clifton, Nottingham NG11 8NS UK
| | - Sidra Kashif
- Department of Biosciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, College Drive, Clifton, Nottingham NG11 8NS UK
| | - Mahboobeh Behruznia
- Department of Biosciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, College Drive, Clifton, Nottingham NG11 8NS UK
| | - Conor J. Meehan
- Department of Biosciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, College Drive, Clifton, Nottingham NG11 8NS UK
| | - Maria Rosa Domingo-Sananes
- Department of Biosciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, College Drive, Clifton, Nottingham NG11 8NS UK
| | - Alasdair T. M. Hubbard
- Department of Biosciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, College Drive, Clifton, Nottingham NG11 8NS UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Behere MJ, Haldar S. Market-ready U-AST kit: simple, fast, cost-effective solution for concurrently detecting urinary tract infection and antibiotic resistance. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:4516-4523. [PMID: 38881391 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00632a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
There is an increasing demand for an inexpensive, quick, accessible, and simple method for the detection of urinary tract infection (UTI) together with the antibiotic-resistance profile of the infection-causing bacteria. Our primary goal is to assist doctors in prescribing antibiotics that will quickly treat infections and reduce the likelihood of antibiotic resistance spreading throughout the community. To this end, a urinary tract infection antibiotic-sensitivity test (U-AST) kit was developed for the validation of bacterial infection in the urinary tract and determination of the antibiotic-resistance profile of the bacteria in a short time. The U-AST kit was standardized using standard strains of bacteria, specifically Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholerae, and Pseudomonas species. Further, the kit was validated using 50 clinical urine samples with variation in their physical and chemical parameters, and the resistance pattern against five therapeutically important antibiotics were tested. The results acquired using the U-AST kit showed a 100% similarity to those acquired using the laboratory-based gold standard method. Interestingly, the U-AST kit required a maximum of 9 h to understand the bacterial contamination and resistance profile of the bacterial community, which was observed by a simple color change. The same result can be obtained using the gold standard method but requires 36-72 h, a sophisticated microbiology method, and skilled microbiologists. Other methods can also predict infection quickly with the aid of sophisticated instrumentation; however, understanding the antibiotic-resistance pattern is not possible. To the best of our understanding, this is a unique technique for the quick, easy, and inexpensive detection of UTI with antibiotic sensitivity testing and does not require a special laboratory set-up or expert personnel. The commercialization of the developed clinically validated U-AST kit is currently underway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maheshawari J Behere
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Soumya Haldar
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kaye KS, Gupta V, Mulgirigama A, Joshi AV, Scangarella-Oman NE, Yu K, Watts J, Mitrani-Gold FS. Co-resistance Among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Urine Isolates from Female Outpatients with Presumed UTI: A Retrospective US Cohort Study. Infect Dis Ther 2024; 13:1715-1722. [PMID: 38842759 PMCID: PMC11219620 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-024-00995-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by antimicrobial-resistant Enterobacterales are a global health threat. There are limited surveillance data available to characterize the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among outpatients in the United States (US). METHODS This retrospective cohort (database) study investigated co-resistance among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae urinary isolates from US female outpatients aged ≥ 12 years with presumed uncomplicated UTI (uUTI), ≥ 3 months of data (2011-2019), and antimicrobial susceptibility testing results. Eligible isolates were the first urinary E. coli or K. pneumoniae isolate per patient collected within 30 days; classified as not susceptible (NS) if antimicrobial susceptibility testing results were intermediate or resistant to each antibiotic tested. Four resistance phenotypes were identified: NS to fluoroquinolones (FQ), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT), nitrofurantoin (NTF), and extended-spectrum β-lactamase+/third-generation cephalosporin (ESBL+/3GC NS). Co-resistance phenotypes included all possible combinations of resistance to ≥ 2 drug classes. RESULTS Of 1,513,882 E. coli isolates and 250,719 K. pneumoniae isolates, 856,918 and 187,459 isolates with ≥ 1 resistance phenotype were included in the analysis, respectively. The most common resistance phenotypes were SXT NS for the E. coli isolates (44.8%) and NTF NS for the K. pneumoniae isolates (75.5%), while ESBL+/3GC NS comprised 11.2 and 5.9%, respectively. Among ESBL+/3GC NS E. coli isolates, 72.4, 56.7, and 46.6% were co-resistant to FQ, SXT, and FQ + SXT, respectively. For ESBL+/3GC NS K. pneumoniae isolates, 65.7 and 45.7% were co-resistant to SXT and FQ + SXT. CONCLUSION Both species exhibited high rates of co-resistance, emphasizing the need to raise awareness of co-resistance and of the unmet need for effective treatment options for uUTI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keith S Kaye
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Vikas Gupta
- MMS Medical Affairs, Becton, Dickinson and Company, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kalvin Yu
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, Becton, Dickinson and Company, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA
| | - Janet Watts
- Data Science and Analytics, Becton, Dickinson and Company, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cao X, Tu Y, Zheng X, Xu G, Wen Q, Li P, Chen C, Yang Q, Wang J, Li X, Yu F. A retrospective analysis of the incidence and risk factors of perioperative urinary tract infections after total hysterectomy. BMC Womens Health 2024; 24:311. [PMID: 38811924 PMCID: PMC11134670 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-024-03153-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Perioperative urinary tract infections (PUTIs) are common in the United States and are a significant contributor to high healthcare costs. There is a lack of large studies on the risk factors for PUTIs after total hysterectomy (TH). METHODS We conducted a retrospective study using a national inpatient sample (NIS) of 445,380 patients from 2010 to 2019 to analyze the risk factors and annual incidence of PUTIs associated with TH perioperatively. RESULTS PUTIs were found in 9087 patients overall, showing a 2.0% incidence. There were substantial differences in the incidence of PUTIs based on age group (P < 0.001). Between the two groups, there was consistently a significant difference in the type of insurance, hospital location, hospital bed size, and hospital type (P < 0.001). Patients with PUTIs exhibited a significantly higher number of comorbidities (P < 0.001). Unsurprisingly, patients with PUTIs had a longer median length of stay (5 days vs. 2 days; P < 0.001) and a higher in-hospital death rate (from 0.1 to 1.1%; P < 0.001). Thus, the overall hospitalization expenditures increased by $27,500 in the median ($60,426 vs. $32,926, P < 0.001) as PUTIs increased medical costs. Elective hospitalizations are less common in patients with PUTIs (66.8% vs. 87.6%; P < 0.001). According to multivariate logistic regression study, the following were risk variables for PUTIs following TH: over 45 years old; number of comorbidities (≥ 1); bed size of hospital (medium, large); teaching hospital; region of hospital(south, west); preoperative comorbidities (alcohol abuse, deficiency anemia, chronic blood loss anemia, congestive heart failure, diabetes, drug abuse, hypertension, hypothyroidism, lymphoma, fluid and electrolyte disorders, metastatic cancer, other neurological disorders, paralysis, peripheral vascular disorders, psychoses, pulmonary circulation disorders, renal failure, solid tumor without metastasis, valvular disease, weight loss); and complications (sepsis, acute myocardial infarction, deep vein thrombosis, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, pneumonia, stroke, wound infection, wound rupture, hemorrhage, pulmonary embolism, blood transfusion, postoperative delirium). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that identifying these risk factors can lead to improved preventive strategies and management of PUTIs in TH patients. Counseling should be done prior to surgery to reduce the incidence of PUTIs. THE MANUSCRIPT ADDS TO CURRENT KNOWLEDGE In medical practice, the identification of risk factors can lead to improved patient prevention and treatment strategies. We conducted a retrospective study using a national inpatient sample (NIS) of 445,380 patients from 2010 to 2019 to analyze the risk factors and annual incidence of PUTIs associated with TH perioperatively. PUTIs were found in 9087 patients overall, showing a 2.0% incidence. We found that noted increased length of hospital stay, medical cost, number of pre-existing comorbidities, size of the hospital, teaching hospitals, and region to also a play a role in the risk of UTI's. CLINICAL TOPICS Urogynecology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianghua Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dongguan Tungwah Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Yunyun Tu
- Department of Anesthesia, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian, 364000, China
| | - Xinyao Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Guizhen Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dongguan Tungwah Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Qiting Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dongguan Tungwah Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dongguan Tungwah Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Core Facility Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Qinfeng Yang
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Xueping Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dongguan Tungwah Hospital, Dongguan, China.
| | - Fang Yu
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, People's Hospital of Ganzhou, No. 17 Hongqi Avenue, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bian C, Zhu Y, Fang X, Ding R, Hu X, Lu J, Mo C, Zhang H, Liu X. Risk factors and economic burden for community-acquired multidrug-resistant organism-associated urinary tract infections: A retrospective analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38248. [PMID: 38788007 PMCID: PMC11124715 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The spread of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) has resulted in a corresponding increase in the incidence of urinary tract infections (UTIs). The risk factors and hospitalization burden for community-acquired MDRO-associated UTIs are discussed herein. This retrospective study included 278 patients with community-based MDRO-associated UTIs from January 2020 to January 2022. The MDRO (n = 139) and non-MDRO groups (n = 139) were separated based on drug susceptibility results. Community-based MDRO-associated UTIs mainly occurred in the elderly and frail patients with a history of invasive urinary tract procedures. The MDRO group imposed a greater economic burden compared to the non-MDRO group. Independent risk factors for community-based MDRO-associated UTIs were as follows: white blood cell (WBC) count > 10.0 × 109/L (OR = 2.316, 95% CI = 1.316-3.252; P = .018); ≥3 kinds of urinary tract obstructive diseases (OR = 1.720, 95% CI = 1.004-2.947; P = .048); use of 3rd generation cephalosporins (OR = 2.316, 95% CI = 1.316-4.076; P = .004); and a history of invasive urologic procedures (OR = 2.652, 95% CI = 1.567-4.487; P < .001). Days of hospitalization, antibiotic use, and bladder catheter use were significantly greater in the MDRO group than the non-MDRO group (P < .05).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengxiang Bian
- Department of Medical Insurance, College of Humanities and Management, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yuting Zhu
- Hospital Infection Control Department, Wuhu Second People’s Hospital, Wuhu, China
| | - Xiaofang Fang
- Hospital Infection Control Department, Wuhu Second People’s Hospital, Wuhu, China
| | - Ren Ding
- Hospital Infection Control Department, Wuhu Second People’s Hospital, Wuhu, China
| | - Xiuqiong Hu
- Hospital Infection Control Department, Wuhu Second People’s Hospital, Wuhu, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Hospital Infection Control Department, Wuhu Second People’s Hospital, Wuhu, China
| | - Chunhua Mo
- Hospital Infection Control Department, Wuhu Second People’s Hospital, Wuhu, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Hospital Infection Control Department, Wuhu Second People’s Hospital, Wuhu, China
| | - Xiangqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui college of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhu, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cortado H, Kercsmar M, Li B, Vasquez-Martinez G, Gupta S, Ching C, Ballash G, Cotzomi-Ortega I, Sanchez-Zamora YI, Boix E, Zepeda-Orozco D, Jackson AR, Spencer JD, Ruiz-Rosado JDD, Becknell B. Murine Ribonuclease 6 Limits Bacterial Dissemination during Experimental Urinary Tract Infection. J Innate Immun 2024; 16:283-294. [PMID: 38744252 PMCID: PMC11250601 DOI: 10.1159/000539177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The ribonuclease (RNase) A superfamily encodes cationic antimicrobial proteins with potent microbicidal activity toward uropathogenic bacteria. Ribonuclease 6 (RNase6) is an evolutionarily conserved, leukocyte-derived antimicrobial peptide with potent microbicidal activity toward uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), the most common cause of bacterial urinary tract infections (UTIs). In this study, we generated Rnase6-deficient mice to investigate the hypothesis that endogenous RNase 6 limits host susceptibility to UTI. METHODS We generated a Rnase6EGFP knock-in allele to identify cellular sources of Rnase6 and determine the consequences of homozygous Rnase6 deletion on antimicrobial activity and UTI susceptibility. RESULTS We identified monocytes and macrophages as the primary cellular sources of Rnase6 in bladders and kidneys of Rnase6EGFP/+ mice. Rnase6 deficiency (i.e., Rnase6EGFP/EGFP) resulted in increased upper urinary tract UPEC burden during experimental UTI, compared to Rnase6+/+ controls. UPEC displayed increased intracellular survival in Rnase6-deficient macrophages. CONCLUSION Our findings establish that RNase6 prevents pyelonephritis by promoting intracellular UPEC killing in monocytes and macrophages and reinforce the overarching contributions of endogenous antimicrobial RNase A proteins to host UTI defense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Cortado
- Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Macie Kercsmar
- Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Birong Li
- Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gabriela Vasquez-Martinez
- Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sudipti Gupta
- Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Christina Ching
- Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Urology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gregory Ballash
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Israel Cotzomi-Ortega
- Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yuriko I. Sanchez-Zamora
- Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ester Boix
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Zepeda-Orozco
- Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ashley R. Jackson
- Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - John David Spencer
- Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Juan de Dios Ruiz-Rosado
- Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Brian Becknell
- Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Collins J, Osheroff N. Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV: Recycling Old Targets for New Antibacterials to Combat Fluoroquinolone Resistance. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:1097-1115. [PMID: 38564341 PMCID: PMC11019561 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Beyond their requisite functions in many critical DNA processes, the bacterial type II topoisomerases, gyrase and topoisomerase IV, are the targets of fluoroquinolone antibacterials. These drugs act by stabilizing gyrase/topoisomerase IV-generated DNA strand breaks and by robbing the cell of the catalytic activities of these essential enzymes. Since their clinical approval in the mid-1980s, fluoroquinolones have been used to treat a broad spectrum of infectious diseases and are listed among the five "highest priority" critically important antimicrobial classes by the World Health Organization. Unfortunately, the widespread use of fluoroquinolones has been accompanied by a rise in target-mediated resistance caused by specific mutations in gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which has curtailed the medical efficacy of this drug class. As a result, efforts are underway to identify novel antibacterials that target the bacterial type II topoisomerases. Several new classes of gyrase/topoisomerase IV-targeted antibacterials have emerged, including novel bacterial topoisomerase inhibitors, Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrase inhibitors, triazaacenaphthylenes, spiropyrimidinetriones, and thiophenes. Phase III clinical trials that utilized two members of these classes, gepotidacin (triazaacenaphthylene) and zoliflodacin (spiropyrimidinetrione), have been completed with positive outcomes, underscoring the potential of these compounds to become the first new classes of antibacterials introduced into the clinic in decades. Because gyrase and topoisomerase IV are validated targets for established and emerging antibacterials, this review will describe the catalytic mechanism and cellular activities of the bacterial type II topoisomerases, their interactions with fluoroquinolones, the mechanism of target-mediated fluoroquinolone resistance, and the actions of novel antibacterials against wild-type and fluoroquinolone-resistant gyrase and topoisomerase IV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica
A. Collins
- Department
of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School
of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Neil Osheroff
- Department
of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School
of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department
of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Vanderbilt
University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tchesnokova V, Larson L, Basova I, Sledneva Y, Choudhury D, Solyanik T, Heng J, Bonilla TC, Pasumansky I, Bowers V, Pham S, Madziwa LT, Holden E, Tartof SY, Ralston JD, Sokurenko EV. Gut resident Escherichia coli profile predicts the eighteen-month probability and antimicrobial susceptibility of urinary tract infections. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.04.05.24305377. [PMID: 38645148 PMCID: PMC11030298 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.05.24305377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Background Community-acquired UTI is the most common bacterial infection managed in general medical practice that can lead to life-threatening outcomes. While UTIs are primarily caused by Escherichia coli colonizing the patient's gut, it is unclear whether the gut resident E. coli profiles can predict the person's risks for UTI and optimal antimicrobial treatments. Thus, we conducted an eighteen-month long community-based observational study of fecal E. coli colonization and UTI in women aged 50 years and above. Methods and Findings We enrolled a total of 1,804 women distributed among age groups 50-59 yo (437 participants), 60-69 yo (632), 70-79 yo (532), and above 80 yo (203), lacking antibiotic prescriptions for at least one year. The provided fecal samples were plated for the presence of E. coli and other enterobacteria resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/STX), ciprofloxacin (CIP) and 3rd generation cephalosporins (3GC). E. coli was also characterized as belonging to the pandemic multi-drug resistant clonal groups ST131 (subclone H30) and ST1193. Following sample collection, the women were monitored for 18 months for occurrence of UTI.E. coli was cultured from 90.8% fecal samples, with 24.1% containing bacteria resistant to TMP/STX, 19.4% to CIP, and 7.9% to 3GC. In 62.5% samples, only all-susceptible E. coli were present. Overall, there were no age-related differences in resistance prevalence. However, while the total E. coli H30 and ST1193 carriage rates were similar (4.3% and 4.2%, respectively), there was a notable increase of H30 carriage with age (P = .001), while carriage decreased with age for ST1193 (P = .057).Within 18 months, 184 women (10.2%) experienced at least one episode of UTI - 10.9% among the gut E. coli carriers and 3.0% among the non-carriers (P=.0013). The UTI risk among carriers of E. coli H30 but not ST1193 was significantly above average (24.3%, P = .0004). The UTI probability increased with age, occurring in 6.4% of 50-59 yo and 19.7% of 80+ yo (P<.001), with the latter group being especially at high risk for UTI, if they were colonized by E. coli H30 (40.0%, P<.001).E. coli was identified in 88.1% of urine samples, with 16.1% resistant to TMP/STX, 16.1% to CIP, 4.2% to 3GC and 73.1% to none of the antibiotics. Among tested urinary E. coli resistant to antibiotics, 86.1% matched the resistance profile of E. coli in the fecal samples, with the clonotyping and whole genome sequencing confirming the matching strains' identity. Positive predictive value (PPV) of using gut resistance profiles to predict UTI pathogens' susceptibility to TMP/STX, CIP, 3GC and all three antibiotics were 98.4%, 98.3%, 96.6% and 95.3%, respectively. Corresponding negative predictive values (NPV) were 63.0%, 54.8%, 44.4% and 75.8%, respectively. The AUC ROC curve values for the accuracy of fecal diagnostic testing for the prediction of UTI resistance ranged .86-.89. The fecal test-guided drug-bug mismatch rate for empirical (pre-culture) prescription of TMP-SXT or CIP is reduced to ≤2% in 89.6% of patients and 94.8% of patients with an optional 3GC prescription. Conclusion The resistance profile and clonal identity of gut colonizing E. coli, along with the carrier's age, can inform personalized prediction of a patients' UTI risk and the UTI pathogen's antibiotic susceptibility within an 18-month period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Tchesnokova
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1705 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lydia Larson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1705 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Irina Basova
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1705 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Yulia Sledneva
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1705 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Debarati Choudhury
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1705 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Thalia Solyanik
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1705 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jennifer Heng
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1705 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Teresa Cristina Bonilla
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1705 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Isaac Pasumansky
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1705 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Victoria Bowers
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1705 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sophia Pham
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1705 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lawrence T. Madziwa
- Kaiser Permanente Washington, 2715 Naches Ave. SW, Renton, WA 98057, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave, Suite 1600, Seattle, WA 98101-1466, USA
| | - Erika Holden
- Kaiser Permanente Washington, 2715 Naches Ave. SW, Renton, WA 98057, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave, Suite 1600, Seattle, WA 98101-1466, USA
| | - Sara Y. Tartof
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Department of Research & Evaluation, Pasadena, 100 S Los Robles, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Department of Health Systems Science, 100 S Los Robles, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
| | - James D. Ralston
- Kaiser Permanente Washington, 2715 Naches Ave. SW, Renton, WA 98057, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave, Suite 1600, Seattle, WA 98101-1466, USA
| | - Evgeni V. Sokurenko
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1705 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ebrahimzadeh T, Basu U, Lutz KC, Gadhvi J, Komarovsky JV, Li Q, Zimmern PE, De Nisco NJ. Inflammatory markers for improved recurrent UTI diagnosis in postmenopausal women. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302323. [PMID: 38331474 PMCID: PMC10853434 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Recurrent urinary tract infection (rUTI) severely impacts postmenopausal women. The lack of rapid and accurate diagnostic tools is a major obstacle in rUTI management as current gold standard methods have >24-h diagnostic windows. Work in animal models and limited human cohorts have identified robust inflammatory responses activated during UTI. Consequently, urinary inflammatory cytokines secreted during UTI may function as diagnostic biomarkers. This study aimed to identify urinary cytokines that could accurately diagnose UTI in a controlled cohort of postmenopausal women. Women passing study exclusion criteria were classified into no UTI and active rUTI groups, and urinary cytokine levels were measured by immunoassay. Pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-8, IL-18, IL-1β, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were significantly elevated in the active rUTI group, and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-13 and IL-4 were elevated in women without UTI. We evaluated cytokine diagnostic performance and found that an IL-8, prostaglandin E2, and IL-13 multivariable model had the lowest misclassification rate and highest sensitivity. Our data identify urinary IL-8, prostaglandin E2, and IL-13 as candidate biomarkers that may be useful in the development of immunoassay-based UTI diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tahmineh Ebrahimzadeh
- https://ror.org/049emcs32 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ujjaini Basu
- https://ror.org/049emcs32 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kevin C Lutz
- https://ror.org/049emcs32 Department of Mathematics, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jashkaran Gadhvi
- https://ror.org/049emcs32 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jessica V Komarovsky
- https://ror.org/049emcs32 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Qiwei Li
- https://ror.org/049emcs32 Department of Mathematics, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Philippe E Zimmern
- https://ror.org/05byvp690 Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nicole J De Nisco
- https://ror.org/049emcs32 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/05byvp690 Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Phan MD, Schirra HJ, Nhu NTK, Peters KM, Sarkar S, Allsopp LP, Achard MES, Kappler U, Schembri MA. Combined functional genomic and metabolomic approaches identify new genes required for growth in human urine by multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli ST131. mBio 2024; 15:e0338823. [PMID: 38353545 PMCID: PMC10936160 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03388-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections in humans, with ~400 million cases across the globe each year. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the major cause of UTI and increasingly associated with antibiotic resistance. This scenario has been worsened by the emergence and spread of pandemic UPEC sequence type 131 (ST131), a multidrug-resistant clone associated with extraordinarily high rates of infection. Here, we employed transposon-directed insertion site sequencing in combination with metabolomic profiling to identify genes and biochemical pathways required for growth and survival of the UPEC ST131 reference strain EC958 in human urine (HU). We identified 24 genes required for growth in HU, which mapped to diverse pathways involving small peptide, amino acid and nucleotide metabolism, the stringent response pathway, and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. We also discovered a role for UPEC resistance to fluoride during growth in HU, most likely associated with fluoridation of drinking water. Complementary nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics identified changes in a range of HU metabolites following UPEC growth, the most pronounced being L-lactate, which was utilized as a carbon source via the L-lactate dehydrogenase LldD. Using a mouse UTI model with mixed competitive infection experiments, we demonstrated a role for nucleotide metabolism and the stringent response in UPEC colonization of the mouse bladder. Together, our application of two omics technologies combined with different infection-relevant settings has uncovered new factors required for UPEC growth in HU, thus enhancing our understanding of this pivotal step in the UPEC infection pathway. IMPORTANCE Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) cause ~80% of all urinary tract infections (UTIs), with increasing rates of antibiotic resistance presenting an urgent threat to effective treatment. To cause infection, UPEC must grow efficiently in human urine (HU), necessitating a need to understand mechanisms that promote its adaptation and survival in this nutrient-limited environment. Here, we used a combination of functional genomic and metabolomic techniques and identified roles for the metabolism of small peptides, amino acids, nucleotides, and L-lactate, as well as the stringent response pathway, lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, and fluoride resistance, for UPEC growth in HU. We further demonstrated that pathways involving nucleotide metabolism and the stringent response are required for UPEC colonization of the mouse bladder. The UPEC genes and metabolic pathways identified in this study represent targets for the development of innovative therapeutics to prevent UPEC growth during human UTI, an urgent need given the rapidly rising rates of global antibiotic resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minh-Duy Phan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Horst Joachim Schirra
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nguyen Thi Khanh Nhu
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kate M. Peters
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sohinee Sarkar
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Luke P. Allsopp
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maud E. S. Achard
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ulrike Kappler
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark A. Schembri
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Khan A, Saraf VS, Siddiqui F, Batool T, Noreen Z, Javed S, Ahmad A, Alonazi WB, Ibrahim M, Pucciarelli S, Bokhari H. Multidrug resistance among uropathogenic clonal group A E. Coli isolates from Pakistani women with uncomplicated urinary tract infections. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:74. [PMID: 38454332 PMCID: PMC10919050 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03221-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multi-drug resistance (MDR) has notably increased in community acquired uropathogens causing urinary tract infections (UTIs), predominantly Escherichia coli. Uropathogenic E. coli causes 80% of uncomplicated community acquired UTIs, particularly in pre-menopausal women. Considering this high prevalence and the potential to spread antimicrobial resistant genes, the current study was conducted to investigate the presence of clinically important strains of E. coli in Pakistani women having uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis. Women belonging to low-income groups were exclusively included in the study. Seventy-four isolates from urine samples were processed, phylotyped, and screened for the presence of two Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) particularly associated with a clinically important clonal group A of E. coli (CgA) followed by antibiotic susceptibility testing and genome sequence analysis. RESULTS Phylogroup B2 was most prevalent in patients and 44% of isolates were positive for the presence of CgA specific SNPs in Fumarate hydratase and DNA gyrase subunit B genes. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed widespread resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production. The infection analysis revealed the phylogroup B2 to be more pathogenic as compared to the other groups. The genome sequence of E. coli strain U17 revealed genes encoding virulence, multidrug resistance, and host colonization mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Our research findings not only validate the significant occurrence of multidrug-resistant clonal group A E. coli (CgA) in premenopausal Pakistani women suffering from cystitis and pyelonephritis but also reveal the presence of genes associated withvirulence, and drug efflux pumps. The detection of highly pathogenic, antimicrobial-resistant phylogroup B2 and CgA E. coli strains is likely to help in understanding the epidemiology of the pathogen and may ultimately help to reduce the impact of these strains on human health. Furthermore, the findings of this study will particularly help to reduce the prevalence of uncomplicated UTIs and the cost associated with their treatment in women belonging to low-income groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Khan
- Microbiology and Public Health Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Health Services Academy, Opposite NIH, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Viqar Sayeed Saraf
- Microbiology and Public Health Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fariha Siddiqui
- Department of Biosciences, Shifa Tameer e Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tahira Batool
- Microbiology and Public Health Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zobia Noreen
- Microbiology and Public Health Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sundus Javed
- Microbiology and Public Health Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, Kohsar University Murree, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Wadi B Alonazi
- Health Administration Department, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department of Microbiology, Kohsar University Murree, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Sahiwal, Pakistan.
| | - Sandra Pucciarelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, 62032, Italy
| | - Habib Bokhari
- Department of Microbiology, Kohsar University Murree, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hasan J, Bok S. Plasmonic Fluorescence Sensors in Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:130. [PMID: 38534237 DOI: 10.3390/bios14030130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The increasing demand for rapid, cost-effective, and reliable diagnostic tools in personalized and point-of-care medicine is driving scientists to enhance existing technology platforms and develop new methods for detecting and measuring clinically significant biomarkers. Humanity is confronted with growing risks from emerging and recurring infectious diseases, including the influenza virus, dengue virus (DENV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Ebola virus, tuberculosis, cholera, and, most notably, SARS coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19), among others. Timely diagnosis of infections and effective disease control have always been of paramount importance. Plasmonic-based biosensing holds the potential to address the threat posed by infectious diseases by enabling prompt disease monitoring. In recent years, numerous plasmonic platforms have risen to the challenge of offering on-site strategies to complement traditional diagnostic methods like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Disease detection can be accomplished through the utilization of diverse plasmonic phenomena, such as propagating surface plasmon resonance (SPR), localized SPR (LSPR), surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), surface-enhanced fluorescence (SEF), surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy, and plasmonic fluorescence sensors. This review focuses on diagnostic methods employing plasmonic fluorescence sensors, highlighting their pivotal role in swift disease detection with remarkable sensitivity. It underscores the necessity for continued research to expand the scope and capabilities of plasmonic fluorescence sensors in the field of diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juiena Hasan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ritchie School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - Sangho Bok
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ritchie School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Khalfay N, Murray K, Shimabukuro J, Chiang JN, Ackerman AL. Antibiotic Switches in Urinary Tract Infection Are Associated With Atypical Symptoms and Emergent Care. UROGYNECOLOGY (PHILADELPHIA, PA.) 2024; 30:256-263. [PMID: 38484240 PMCID: PMC10947062 DOI: 10.1097/spv.0000000000001464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Given worsening global antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial stewardship aims to use the shortest effective duration of the most narrow-spectrum, effective antibiotic for patients with specific urinary symptoms and laboratory testing consistent with urinary tract infection (UTI). Inappropriate treatment and unnecessary antibiotic switching for UTIs harms patients in a multitude of ways. OBJECTIVE This study sought to analyze antibiotic treatment failures as measured by antibiotic switching for treatment of UTI in emergent and ambulatory care. STUDY DESIGN For this retrospective cohort study, 908 encounters during July 2019 bearing a diagnostic code for UTI/cystitis in a single health care system were reviewed. Urinary and microbiological testing, symptoms endorsed at presentation, and treatments prescribed were extracted from the medical record. RESULTS Of 908 patients diagnosed with UTI, 64% of patients (579/908) received antibiotics, 86% of which were empiric. All patients evaluated in emergent care settings were prescribed antibiotics empirically in contrast to 71% of patients in ambulatory settings (P < 0.001). Of patients given antibiotics, 89 of 579 patients (15%, 10% of all 908 patients) were switched to alternative antibiotics within 28 days. Emergent care settings and positive urine cultures were significantly associated with increased antibiotic switching. Patients subjected to switching tended to have higher rates of presenting symptoms inconsistent with UTI. CONCLUSIONS Empiric treatment, particularly in an emergent care setting, was frequently inappropriate and associated with increasing rates of antibiotic switching. Given the profound potential contribution to antibiotic resistance, these findings highlight the need for improved diagnostic and prescribing accuracy for UTI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuha Khalfay
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kristen Murray
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Jeffrey N. Chiang
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - A. Lenore Ackerman
- Departments of Urology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Davidson SM, Brown JN, Nance CB, Townsend ML. Use of Methenamine for Urinary Tract Infection Prophylaxis: Systematic Review of Recent Evidence. Int Urogynecol J 2024; 35:483-489. [PMID: 38329493 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-024-05726-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS Antibiotic resistance is an unavoidable consequence of antibiotic use and growing rates of resistance are an urgent issue. Methenamine is a non-antibiotic alternative used for urinary tract infection (UTI) prophylaxis. The objective of this review is to evaluate recently published literature regarding the efficacy and safety of methenamine for UTI prophylaxis. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL databases were queried in March 2023 using the following search terms: urinary tract infection, cystitis, bacteriuria, or dysuria, and methenamine. Studies prior to 2012 were excluded from this review to focus on appraisal of the most recent evidence. Prospective and controlled retrospective trials were included for review. RESULTS A total of seven studies (three prospective and four retrospective) met the inclusion criteria for review. Two of the 3 prospective studies demonstrated no or non-inferior differences in clinical efficacy to prevent recurrent UTIs between methenamine and antibiotic prophylaxis and the third showed decreased rates of UTI with methenamine use in patients with short-term indwelling catheters compared with cranberry alone. The retrospective studies consistently supported the efficacy and safety of methenamine for UTI prophylaxis in a variety of populations and clinical settings. Adverse effects reported with methenamine were similar to comparators and included nausea, abdominal pain, and headache. CONCLUSIONS The use of methenamine for UTI prophylaxis was shown to be effective in a variety of settings without an increased risk of adverse effects compared with prophylactic antibiotics. Larger blinded clinical trials are needed to further define the role of methenamine in UTI prophylaxis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Spencer M Davidson
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jamie N Brown
- Pharmacy Service, Durham VA Health Care System, 508 Fulton St. (119), Durham, NC, 27705, USA.
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Buies Creek, NC, USA.
| | - Clayton B Nance
- Pharmacy Service, Durham VA Health Care System, 508 Fulton St. (119), Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - Mary L Townsend
- Pharmacy Service, Durham VA Health Care System, 508 Fulton St. (119), Durham, NC, 27705, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Newlands AF, Kramer M, Roberts L, Maxwell K, Price JL, Finlay KA. Confirmatory structural validation and refinement of the Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection Symptom Scale. BJUI COMPASS 2024; 5:240-252. [PMID: 38371201 PMCID: PMC10869661 DOI: 10.1002/bco2.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To confirm the structural validity of the Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection Symptom Scale (RUTISS), determining whether a bifactor model appropriately fits the questionnaire's structure and identifying areas for refinement. Used in conjunction with established clinical testing methods, this patient-reported outcome measure addresses the urgent need to validate the patient perspective. Patients and methods A clinically and demographically diverse sample of 389 people experiencing recurrent UTI across 37 countries (96.9% female biological sex, aged 18-87 years) completed the RUTISS online. A bifactor graded response model was fitted to the data, identifying potential items for deletion if they indicated significant differential item functioning (DIF) based on sociodemographic characteristics, contributed to local item dependence or demonstrated poor fit or discrimination capability. Results The final RUTISS comprised a 3-item symptom frequency section, a 1-item global rating of change scale and an 11-item general 'rUTI symptom and pain severity' subscale with four sub-factor domains measuring 'urinary symptoms', 'urinary presentation', 'UTI pain and discomfort' and 'bodily sensations'. The bifactor model fit indices were excellent (root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.041, comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.995, standardised root mean square residual [SRMSR] = 0.047), and the mean-square fit statistics indicated that all items were productive for measurement (mean square fit indices [MNSQ] = 0.64 - 1.29). Eighty-one per cent of the common model variance was accounted for by the general factor and sub-factors collectively, and all factor loadings were greater than 0.30 and communalities greater than 0.60. Items indicated high discrimination capability (slope parameters > 1.35). Conclusion The 15-item RUTISS is a patient-generated, psychometrically robust questionnaire that dynamically assesses the patient experience of recurrent UTI symptoms and pain. This brief tool offers the unique opportunity to enhance patient-centred care by supporting shared decision-making and patient monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail F. Newlands
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language SciencesUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| | | | | | - Kayleigh Maxwell
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Natural SciencesUniversity of StirlingStirlingUK
| | | | - Katherine A. Finlay
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language SciencesUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hamilton RA, Lond B, Wilde L, Williamson I. Understanding the lived-experience and support-needs of people living with antimicrobial resistance in the UK through interpretative phenomenological analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3403. [PMID: 38337017 PMCID: PMC10858033 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53814-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In the UK nearly 54,000 infections were caused by serious resistant bacteria in 2022 but there is a lack of evidence regarding the long-term impact on patients' lives nor what support they need. This research aimed to answer the question: "What are the key elements of experience and support needs of people living with AMR in the UK?". In-depth semi-structured interviews were undertaken with nine people who had been living with resistant infections or colonisation for 12-months or longer. Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis was used to study the accounts and illustrate individuals' experiences and support-needs. Participants experienced marginalisation and isolation but also empowerment; described across three major themes: (1) I live in fear and stigma: The long-term impact of AMR; (2) I am battling on my own: A journey toward self-advocacy; and (3) I like to share my story: The role of AMR communities. All participants perceived a lack of knowledge, information, and support from clinicians; difficulties accessing reliable and understandable information; and lack of understanding from family and friends. Charities and online groups provided support with coping with their situation and improving mental health and wellbeing. Understandable and relatable information regarding the science of AMR, transmission, prevention, and living with AMR needs to be provided by clinicians and healthcare services around the time of diagnosis to readily available after diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Lond
- Department of Psychology, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Lucina Wilde
- School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Iain Williamson
- Department of Psychology, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mercado-Evans V, Chew C, Serchejian C, Saltzman A, Mejia ME, Zulk JJ, Cornax I, Nizet V, Patras KA. Tamm-Horsfall protein augments neutrophil NETosis during urinary tract infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.01.578501. [PMID: 38370726 PMCID: PMC10871275 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.01.578501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Urinary neutrophils are a hallmark of urinary tract infection (UTI), yet the mechanisms governing their activation, function, and efficacy in controlling infection remain incompletely understood. Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THP), the most abundant protein in urine, uses terminal sialic acids to bind an inhibitory receptor and dampen neutrophil inflammatory responses. We hypothesized that neutrophil modulation is an integral part of THP-mediated host protection. In a UTI model, THP-deficient mice showed elevated urinary tract bacterial burdens, increased neutrophil recruitment, and more severe tissue histopathological changes compared to WT mice. Furthermore, THP-deficient mice displayed impaired urinary NETosis during UTI. To investigate the impact of THP on NETosis, we coupled in vitro fluorescence-based NET assays, proteomic analyses, and standard and imaging flow cytometry with peripheral human neutrophils. We found that THP increases proteins involved in respiratory chain, neutrophil granules, and chromatin remodeling pathways, enhances NETosis in an ROS-dependent manner, and drives NET-associated morphologic features including nuclear decondensation. These effects were observed only in the presence of a NETosis stimulus and could not be solely replicated with equivalent levels of sialic acid alone. We conclude that THP is a critical regulator of NETosis in the urinary tract, playing a key role in host defense against UTI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vicki Mercado-Evans
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Claude Chew
- Cytometry and Cell Sorting Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Camille Serchejian
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alexander Saltzman
- Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marlyd E. Mejia
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jacob J. Zulk
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ingrid Cornax
- Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Victor Nizet
- Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kathryn A. Patras
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mititelu M, Olteanu G, Neacșu SM, Stoicescu I, Dumitrescu DE, Gheorghe E, Tarcea M, Busnatu ȘS, Ioniță-Mîndrican CB, Tafuni O, Belu I, Popescu A, Lupu S, Lupu CE. Incidence of Urinary Infections and Behavioral Risk Factors. Nutrients 2024; 16:446. [PMID: 38337730 PMCID: PMC10856807 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This evaluation of the impact of behavioral risk factors on the incidence of urinary infections was based on a questionnaire in which 1103 respondents, predominantly women (883), participated. From the statistical processing of the data, it was observed that 598 of the respondents were of normal weight; the rest, more than half, were underweight or overweight (χ2 = 32.46, p < 0.001), with male respondents being predominantly overweight or obese (169 out of a total of 220). Most of the respondents were young (χ2 = 15.45, p < 0.001), under the age of 45 (840). According to the processed data, it was found that respondents in the age group of 26-35 years showed the greatest vulnerability to recurrent urinary infections, while the age group of 18-25 years recorded the highest number of responses related to the rare presence or even absence of episodes of urinary infections. A body weight-related vulnerability was also noted among the respondents; the majority of obese people declared that they face frequent episodes of urinary infections. Regarding diet quality, 210 respondents reported an adherence to an unhealthy diet, 620 to a moderately healthy diet, and 273 to a healthy diet. Of the respondents who adhered to a healthy diet, 223 were women (χ2 = 2.55, p = 0.279). There was a close connection between diet quality and the frequency of urinary infections: from the statistical processing of the data, it was observed that the highest percentage of respondents who rarely (57.14%) or never got urinary infections (29.30%) were among those who adhered to a healthy diet, and the highest percentage of those who declared that they often got urinary infections were among those with increased adherence to an unhealthy diet (χ2 = 13.46, p = 0.036). The results of this study highlight a strong impact of obesity, reduced consumption of fruit and vegetables, and sedentary lifestyle on the risk of recurring urinary infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Mititelu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Food Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.M.); (G.O.)
| | - Gabriel Olteanu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Food Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.M.); (G.O.)
| | - Sorinel Marius Neacșu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Bio-Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020945 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iuliana Stoicescu
- Department of Chemistry and Quality Control of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania;
| | - Denisa-Elena Dumitrescu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania;
| | - Emma Gheorghe
- Department of Preclinical Sciences I—Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Monica Tarcea
- Department of Community Nutrition and Food Safety, G.E. Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Mures, Romania;
| | - Ștefan Sebastian Busnatu
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Corina-Bianca Ioniță-Mîndrican
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020945 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ovidiu Tafuni
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nicolae Testemițanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy from the Republic of Moldova, MD-2004 Chisinau, Moldova;
| | - Ionela Belu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200638 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Antoanela Popescu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania;
| | - Sergiu Lupu
- Department of Navigation and Naval Transport, Faculty of Navigation and Naval Management, Mircea cel Batran Naval Academy, 900218 Constanta, Romania;
| | - Carmen Elena Lupu
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900001 Constanta, Romania;
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Young AM, Tanaka MM, Yuwono C, Wehrhahn MC, Zhang L. Clinical Setting Comparative Analysis of Uropathogens and Antibiotic Resistance: A Retrospective Study Spanning the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. Open Forum Infect Dis 2024; 11:ofad676. [PMID: 38333882 PMCID: PMC10853000 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in uropathogens has been increasing in Australia. Many nations observed heightened AMR during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, but it is not known how this may vary across clinical settings and in nations with lower infection rates. Methods We investigated the uropathogen composition and corresponding antibiotic resistance of 775 559 Australian isolates from the community, hospitals, and aged care facilities before (2016-2019) and during (2020-2022) the COVID-19 pandemic. A mathematical model was developed to predict the likelihood of resistance to currently recommended antibiotics for treating urinary tract infections (UTIs). Results Among uropathogens originating from the community, hospitals, and aged care facilities, Escherichia coli accounted for 71.4%, 57.6%, and 65.2%, respectively. During the COVID-19 pandemic period, there was an increase in UTIs caused by E coli across all settings. Uropathogens from aged care and hospitals frequently showed higher resistance to antibiotics compared to those isolated from the community. Interestingly, AMR among uropathogens showed a declining trend during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the resistance patterns of the past 3 years, our modeling predicted that 30%, 42.6%, and 38.8% of UTIs in the community, hospitals, and aged care facilities, respectively, would exhibit resistance to trimethoprim treatment as empirical therapy. In contrast, resistance to nitrofurantoin was predicted to be 14.6%, 26%, and 24.1% from these 3 respective settings. Conclusions Empirical therapy of UTIs in Australia with trimethoprim requires evaluation due to high rates of resistance observed across clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Young
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark M Tanaka
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher Yuwono
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael C Wehrhahn
- Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, a Sonic Healthcare Australia Pathology Practice, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bharuka V, Meshram R, Munjewar PK. Comprehensive Review of Urinary Tract Infections in Renal Transplant Recipients: Clinical Insights and Management Strategies. Cureus 2024; 16:e53882. [PMID: 38465031 PMCID: PMC10924982 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) pose a significant challenge in the care of renal transplant recipients. This comprehensive review explores this population's multifaceted landscape of UTIs, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and tailored management strategies. Renal transplant recipients face an elevated risk of UTIs due to immunosuppression, altered urinary tract anatomy, and complex comorbidities. Complications of UTIs can lead to graft dysfunction and systemic illness, underscoring the need for effective management. The emergence of multidrug-resistant uropathogens adds complexity to treatment, highlighting the importance of targeted antibiotic therapy. Antibiotics are the most commonly prescribed drugs for UTIs, with nitrofurantoin, fosfomycin, amoxicillin, and amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium being some of the commonly used antibiotics. However, the emergence of multidrug-resistant uropathogens has led to the exploration of alternative treatments, such as bacteriophage therapy, as a potential alternative against multidrug-resistant uropathogenic bacteria. Analgesics such as phenazopyridine can be prescribed to relieve discomfort associated with UTIs. Estrogen therapy has also been suggested as a potential treatment option for UTIs, particularly in postmenopausal women. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or trimethoprim is recommended as first-line therapy for uncomplicated UTIs. The choice of drug and therapy for UTIs depends on the severity of the infection, the causative organism, and the presence of antibiotic resistance. Preventive measures encompass pre-transplant evaluation, perioperative strategies, post-transplant follow-up, and vaccination. A multidisciplinary approach involving transplant specialists, infectious disease experts, pharmacists, and patient engagement is vital for successful care. The future of UTI management lies in ongoing research, exploring personalized medicine, novel therapies, and innovative prevention strategies. By implementing these strategies and advancing research, healthcare providers can improve graft and patient survival, enhancing the quality of care for renal transplant recipients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vidhi Bharuka
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Revat Meshram
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Pratiksha K Munjewar
- Medical Surgical Nursing, Smt. Radhikabai Meghe Memorial College of Nursing, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mudaliar Y, Kalaikumari S S, M N, N B MR, Raj M, J M, Elangovan E, Perumal K. Draft genome sequence of NDM-5, CMY-42 carrying carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0063823. [PMID: 38032236 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00638-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the draft genome sequence of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (CREC-1) of sequence type (ST2083) isolated from a urine sample of a 2-year-old female toddler carrying antimicrobial resistance genes blaNDM-5 and blaCMY-42 which displays resistance against multiple classes of antibiotics notably β-lactam antibiotics, cephalosporins, and carbapenem and codes for several virulence factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Mudaliar
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research , Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Santha Kalaikumari S
- Department of Biotechnology, Hindustan College of Arts & Science , Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nithyasri M
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research , Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mathi Roshini N B
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research , Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Marquess Raj
- Apollo Diagnostics, Regional Reference Laboratory , Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Meera J
- Apollo Diagnostics, Regional Reference Laboratory , Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Elavarashi Elangovan
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research , Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumar Perumal
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research , Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Nye TM, Zou Z, Obernuefemann CLP, Pinkner JS, Lowry E, Kleinschmidt K, Bergeron K, Klim A, Dodson KW, Flores-Mireles AL, Walker JN, Wong DG, Desai A, Caparon MG, Hultgren SJ. Microbial co-occurrences on catheters from long-term catheterized patients. Nat Commun 2024; 15:61. [PMID: 38168042 PMCID: PMC10762172 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), a common cause of healthcare-associated infections, are caused by a diverse array of pathogens that are increasingly becoming antibiotic resistant. We analyze the microbial occurrences in catheter and urine samples from 55 human long-term catheterized patients collected over one year. Although most of these patients were prescribed antibiotics over several collection periods, their catheter samples remain colonized by one or more bacterial species. Examination of a total of 366 catheter and urine samples identify 13 positive and 13 negative genus co-occurrences over 12 collection periods, representing associations that occur more or less frequently than expected by chance. We find that for many patients, the microbial species composition between collection periods is similar. In a subset of patients, we find that the most frequently sampled bacteria, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis, co-localize on catheter samples. Further, co-culture of paired isolates recovered from the same patients reveals that E. coli significantly augments E. faecalis growth in an artificial urine medium, where E. faecalis monoculture grows poorly. These findings suggest novel strategies to collapse polymicrobial CAUTI in long-term catheterized patients by targeting mechanisms that promote positive co-associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor M Nye
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110-1093, USA
| | - Zongsen Zou
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110-1093, USA
| | - Chloe L P Obernuefemann
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110-1093, USA
| | - Jerome S Pinkner
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110-1093, USA
| | - Erin Lowry
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110-1093, USA
| | - Kent Kleinschmidt
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110-1093, USA
| | - Karla Bergeron
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Aleksandra Klim
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Karen W Dodson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110-1093, USA
| | - Ana L Flores-Mireles
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Jennifer N Walker
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Daniel Garrett Wong
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Alana Desai
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Michael G Caparon
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110-1093, USA.
| | - Scott J Hultgren
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110-1093, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sah BK, Dahal P, Mallik SK, Paul AD, Mainali U, Shah C, Dahal P. Uropathogens and their antimicrobial-resistant pattern among suspected urinary tract infections patients in eastern Nepal: A hospital inpatients-based study. SAGE Open Med 2023; 11:20503121231220821. [PMID: 38148764 PMCID: PMC10750547 DOI: 10.1177/20503121231220821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Urinary tract infections are the primary factors that cause mortality and morbidity in patients with underlying comorbid conditions and are responsible for most hospital admissions worldwide. Objectives The study aims to identify the common bacterial uropathogens and determine their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, including multidrug-resistant/extensively drug-resistant bacteria. Methods The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among inpatients provisionally suspected of urinary tract infections in the medical ward of Koshi Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal. Samples were inoculated in a cystine lysine electrolyte-deficient medium, and pure growth of significant bacteria was further subjected Gram staining, biochemical identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing as per laboratory standard procedure and Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines, respectively. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was performed to analyze the outcomes and a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 305 patients urine specimens were examined, of which 251 (82.29%) samples resulted in significant bacterial growth in the culture. Escherichia coli (62.94%) was the most predominantly isolated organism, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.35%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.16%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.76%). Among antimicrobials, colistin had shown absolute susceptibility (100%) toward gram-negative uropathogens followed by carbapenem and aminoglycosides in a majority of uropathogens. Escherichia coli was found to be the leading drug-resistant bacteria (70%) among uropathogens. The presence of multidrug-resistant/extensively drug-resistant bacteria uropathogens was found to be significantly associated with diabetes mellitus and those with combined antimicrobial therapies. Diabetic patients were twice (OR~2) more likely to colonize and develop uropathogens as compared to non-diabetics. Conclusion Escherichia coli was the most common uropathogens followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae in urinary tract infection patients. The polymyxin group (colistin) of antimicrobials was found to be effective in all multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant uropathogens. The study recommends the need of optimized antimicrobial stewardship program to develop effective strategies in the management of urinary tract infections in diverse healthcare settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Kumar Sah
- Purbanchal University School of Health Sciences, Purbanchal University, Gothgaun, Morang, Nepal
| | - Prasanna Dahal
- Purbanchal University School of Health Sciences, Purbanchal University, Gothgaun, Morang, Nepal
| | - Shyam Kumar Mallik
- Purbanchal University School of Health Sciences, Purbanchal University, Gothgaun, Morang, Nepal
| | - A Deevan Paul
- Chettinad School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, TN, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Khatoon MA, Karim SMK, Wasim M, Ali R, Zaighum M, Iqbal N. Frequency of Urinary Tract Infection Among Patients Undergoing Implant Fixation for Acute Trauma. Cureus 2023; 15:e49817. [PMID: 38045632 PMCID: PMC10692962 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine the frequency of urinary tract infection (UTI), identify the isolated bacteria, and assess antibiotic sensitivity in patients undergoing orthopedic implant fixation for hip fractures. METHODOLOGY After ethical approval from the institutional review board, this retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Orthopedic Surgery Department of Dow University Hospital Karachi from June 2022 to June 2023. Through non-probability consecutive sampling, 186 patients above 16 years of age, of either gender, presenting with hip fractures such as intracapsular or extracapsular fractures, who underwent surgical fixation, were included in the study. A urine sample for urinalysis of these patients was sent on admission. Patients who presented with open fractures or those treated with conservative management were excluded from the study. The fracture diagnosis was confirmed on radiographs. All other relevant baseline investigations were also performed before surgery, per protocol, and urine-detailed and cultured reports were followed. In addition, each patient was asked about common symptoms of UTI before surgery and then diagnosed with UTI on positive urine culture and sensitivity (CS). RESULTS Out of 186 hip fracture patients, 98 (52.7%) were males and 88 (47.3%) were females, with a mean age of 61.03 ± 16.43 (16-96) years. Pre-operative UTI symptoms were reported by 79 patients, including dysuria (16; 20.3%), polyuria (19; 24.0%), and burning (44; 55.7%). UTI was diagnosed on culture and sensitivity report in 65 (34.9%) patients with Escherichia coli as commonly diagnosed bacteria 35 (53.8%), followed by Enterococcus 8 (12.4%), Klebsiella 7 (10.9%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3 (4.7%), and Acinetobacter 2 (3.1%) patients. E. coli was sensitive to amikacin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin, cefixime, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin, colistin, cotrimoxazole, fosfomycin, gentamycin, levofloxacin, meropenem, nitrofurantoin, polymyxin B, and piperacillin-tazobactam. CONCLUSION Urinary tract infection is common in patients undergoing orthopedic implant fixation for hip fractures, which can lead to potentially serious outcomes. Overall, hygiene, prompt treatment, and standard protocol should be utilized to treat those infected and minimize the spread.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malik Amna Khatoon
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Dow International Medical College, Karachi, PAK
| | - Syed Muhammad Khalid Karim
- Orthopaedics and Trauma, Dow University of Health Sciences, Dow International Medical College, Karachi, PAK
| | - Muhammad Wasim
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Dow International Medical College, Karachi, PAK
| | - Rufina Ali
- Trauma and Orthopaedics, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Institute of Trauma (SMBBIT), Karachi, PAK
| | - Mariam Zaighum
- Orthopaedics and Trauma, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, PAK
| | - Naveed Iqbal
- Trauma and Orthopaedics, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Institute of Trauma (SMBBIT), Karachi, PAK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Fésüs A, Matuz M, Papfalvi E, Hambalek H, Ruzsa R, Tánczos B, Bácskay I, Lekli I, Illés Á, Benkő R. Evaluation of the Diagnosis and Antibiotic Prescription Pattern in Patients Hospitalized with Urinary Tract Infections: Single-Center Study from a University-Affiliated Hospital. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1689. [PMID: 38136723 PMCID: PMC10741002 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
UTIs (urinary tract infections) are common bacterial infections with a non-negligible hospitalization rate. The diagnosis of UTIs remains a challenge for prescribers and a common source of misdiagnosis. This retrospective observational study aimed to evaluate whether recorded diagnosis by clinicians and empirical antibiotic therapy met the EAU (European Association of Urology) guideline in patients hospitalized with UTI. The study was conducted at an internal medicine unit of a tertiary care medical center in Hungary. The diagnosis was assessed based on clinical presentation, physical examination, and laboratory (including microbiological) results, considering all the potential risk factors. Diagnosis was considered misdiagnosis when not confirmed by clinical presentation or clinical signs and symptoms. Evaluation of empirical antibiotic therapy was performed only for confirmed UTIs. Empirical treatment was considered guideline-adherent when complying with the relevant recommendations. Out of 185 patients, 41.6% failed to meet EAU-based UTI diagnosis criteria, of which 27.6% were misdiagnosed and 14.1% were ABU (asymptomatic bacteriuria). The diagnosis of urosepsis recorded at admission (9.7%, 18/185) was not confirmed either by clinical or microbiological tests in five (5/18) cases. The initial empirical therapies for UTI showed a relatively low rate (45.4%) of guideline adherence regarding agent selection. The most common guideline-non-adherent therapies were combinations with metronidazole (16.7%). Dosage appropriateness assessments showed a guideline adherence rate of 36.1%, and underdosing due to high body weight was common (9.3%). Overall (agent, route of administration, dose, duration) guideline adherence was found to be substantially low (10.2%). We found a relatively high rate of misdiagnosed UTIs. Written protocols on the ward may be crucial in reducing misdiagnosis and in optimizing antibiotic use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adina Fésüs
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.F.); (B.T.); (I.L.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Institute of Healthcare Industry, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mária Matuz
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (M.M.); (E.P.); (H.H.); (R.R.)
- Central Pharmacy, Albert Szent Györgyi Medical Center, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Erika Papfalvi
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (M.M.); (E.P.); (H.H.); (R.R.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Albert Szent Györgyi Medical Center, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Helga Hambalek
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (M.M.); (E.P.); (H.H.); (R.R.)
| | - Roxána Ruzsa
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (M.M.); (E.P.); (H.H.); (R.R.)
| | - Bence Tánczos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.F.); (B.T.); (I.L.)
| | - Ildikó Bácskay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Institute of Healthcare Industry, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Lekli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.F.); (B.T.); (I.L.)
| | - Árpád Illés
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Ria Benkő
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (M.M.); (E.P.); (H.H.); (R.R.)
- Central Pharmacy, Albert Szent Györgyi Medical Center, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Albert Szent Györgyi Medical Center, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ramírez Castillo FY, Guerrero Barrera AL, Harel J, Avelar González FJ, Vogeleer P, Arreola Guerra JM, González Gámez M. Biofilm Formation by Escherichia coli Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections from Aguascalientes, Mexico. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2858. [PMID: 38138002 PMCID: PMC10745304 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains are among the leading causes of urinary tract infections (UTIs) worldwide. They can colonize the urinary tract and form biofilms that allow bacteria to survive and persist, causing relapses of infections and life-threatening sequelae. Here, we analyzed biofilm production, antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence factors, and phylogenetic groups in 74 E. coli isolated from diagnosed patients with UTIs to describe their microbiological features and ascertain their relationship with biofilm capabilities. High levels of ceftazidime resistance are present in hospital-acquired UTIs. Isolates of multidrug resistance strains (p = 0.0017) and the yfcV gene (p = 0.0193) were higher in male patients. All the strains tested were able to form biofilms. Significant differences were found among higher optical densities (ODs) and antibiotic resistance to cefazolin (p = 0.0395), ceftazidime (p = 0.0302), and cefepime (p = 0.0420). Overall, the presence of fimH and papC coincided with strong biofilm formation by UPEC. Type 1 fimbriae (p = 0.0349), curli (p = 0.0477), and cellulose (p = 0.0253) production was significantly higher among strong biofilm formation. Our results indicated that high antibiotic resistance may be related to male infections as well as strong and moderate biofilm production. The ability of E. coli strains to produce biofilm is important for controlling urinary tract infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flor Yazmín Ramírez Castillo
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Tisular, Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico;
| | - Alma Lilian Guerrero Barrera
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Tisular, Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico;
| | - Josée Harel
- Département de Pathologie et de Microbiologie, Centre de Recherche en Infectologie Porcine et Avicole, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 7C6, Canada;
| | - Francisco Javier Avelar González
- Laboratorio de Estudios Ambientales, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico;
| | - Philippe Vogeleer
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, INSA, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 31077 Toulouse, France;
| | | | - Mario González Gámez
- Departamento de Infectología, Hospital Centenario Miguel Hidalgo, Aguascalientes 20259, Mexico;
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Schuster A, Tigges P, Grune J, Kraft J, Greser A, Gágyor I, Boehme M, Eckmanns T, Klingeberg A, Maun A, Menzel A, Schmiemann G, Heintze C, Bleidorn J. GPs' Perspective on a Multimodal Intervention to Enhance Guideline-Adherence in Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections: A Qualitative Process Evaluation of the Multicentric RedAres Cluster-Randomised Controlled Trial. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1657. [PMID: 38136690 PMCID: PMC10740691 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common reasons patients seeking health care and antibiotics to be prescribed in primary care. However, general practitioners' (GPs) guideline adherence is low. The RedAres randomised controlled trial aims to increase guideline adherence by implementing a multimodal intervention consisting of four elements: information on current UTI guidelines (1) and regional resistance data (2); feedback regarding prescribing behaviour (3); and benchmarking compared to peers (4). The RedAres process evaluation assesses GPs' perception of the multimodal intervention and the potential for implementation into routine care. We carried out 19 semi-structured interviews with GPs (intervention arm). All interviews were carried out online and audio recorded. For transcription and analysis, Mayring's qualitative content analysis was used. Overall, GPs considered the interventions helpful for knowledge gain and confirmation when prescribing. Information material and resistance were used for patient communication and teaching purposes. Feedback was considered to enhance reflection by breaking routines of clinical workup. Implementation into routine practice could be enhanced by integrating feedback loops into patient management systems and conveying targeted information via trusted channels or institutions. The process evaluation of RedAres intervention was considered beneficial by GPs. It confirms the convenience of multimodal interventions to enhance guideline adherence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Schuster
- Institute of General Practice, Charite University Hospital Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paula Tigges
- Institute of General Practice, Charite University Hospital Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julianna Grune
- Institute of General Practice, Charite University Hospital Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Judith Kraft
- Institute of General Practice, Charite University Hospital Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandra Greser
- Department of General Practice, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ildikó Gágyor
- Department of General Practice, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Mandy Boehme
- Institute of General Practice, University Hospital Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany (J.B.)
| | | | | | - Andy Maun
- Institute of General Practice/Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Anja Menzel
- Institute of General Practice/Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Guido Schmiemann
- Department of Health Service Research, Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Christoph Heintze
- Institute of General Practice, Charite University Hospital Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jutta Bleidorn
- Institute of General Practice, University Hospital Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany (J.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Brauer AL, Learman BS, Armbruster CE. Differential Contribution of Hydrogen Metabolism to Proteus mirabilis Fitness during Single-Species and Polymicrobial Catheterized Urinary Tract Infection. Pathogens 2023; 12:1377. [PMID: 38133262 PMCID: PMC10745698 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12121377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteus mirabilis is a common uropathogen and a leading cause of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), which are often polymicrobial. Through a genome-wide screen, we previously identified two [NiFe] hydrogenases as candidate fitness factors for P. mirabilis CAUTI: a Hyb-type Group 1c H2-uptake hydrogenase and a Hyf-type Group 4a H2-producing hydrogenase. In this study, we disrupted one gene of each system (hyfE and hybC) and also generated a double mutant to examine the contribution of flexible H2 metabolism to P. mirabilis growth and fitness in vitro and during experimental CAUTI. Since P. mirabilis is typically present as part of a polymicrobial community in the urinary tract, we also examined the impact of two common co-colonization partners, Providencia stuartii and Enterococcus faecalis, on the expression and contribution of each hydrogenase to fitness. Our data demonstrate that neither system alone is critical for P. mirabilis growth in vitro or fitness during experimental CAUTI. However, perturbation of flexible H2 metabolism in the ∆hybC∆hyfE double mutant decreased P. mirabilis fitness in vitro and during infection. The Hyf system alone contributed to the generation of proton motive force and swarming motility, but only during anaerobic conditions. Unexpectedly, both systems contributed to benzyl viologen reduction in TYET medium, and disruption of either system increased expression of the other. We further demonstrate that polymicrobial interactions with P. stuartii and E. faecalis alter the expression of Hyb and Hyf in vitro as well as the contribution of each system to P. mirabilis fitness during CAUTI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chelsie E. Armbruster
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (A.L.B.); (B.S.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Shaik MR, Shaik NA, Hossain S, Yunasan E, Khachatryan A, Chow R. Purplish Discoloration of Urine in a Patient Receiving Cefiderocol: A Rare Adverse Effect. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2023; 13:43-46. [PMID: 38596538 PMCID: PMC11000853 DOI: 10.55729/2000-9666.1256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced urine discoloration, although usually benign, can still raise concern in healthcare facilities. This case report presents the second case of purple urine discoloration associated with cefiderocol in a 64-year-old male admitted to the intensive care unit for ventilator-associated pneumonia. The patient required broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment with vancomycin, cefiderocol, amikacin, and micafungin. On the fourth day after initiating antibiotics, the presence of purplish urine in the foley bag was noted. Urinalysis showed 11-25 red blood cells/hpf, but cultures ruled out urinary tract infection. Further laboratory workup did not reveal any evidence of hemolysis or rhabdomyolysis. Cultures from the endotracheal aspirate grew multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas. Cefiderocol and amikacin were continued to complete a seven-day course. Two days after completion of the cefiderocol course, the urine discoloration cleared up, providing strong evidence that cefiderocol was the cause of the discoloration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed R. Shaik
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center Midtown Campus, Baltimore, MD,
United States
| | - Nishat A. Shaik
- Department of Medicine, Guntur Medical College, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh,
India
| | - Sarah Hossain
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center Midtown Campus, Baltimore, MD,
United States
| | - Elvina Yunasan
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center Midtown Campus, Baltimore, MD,
United States
| | - Aleksan Khachatryan
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center Midtown Campus, Baltimore, MD,
United States
| | - Robert Chow
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center Midtown Campus, Baltimore, MD,
United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD,
United States
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Galbarczyk A, Marcinkowska UM, Klimek M, Jasienska G. Extreme pubic hair removal as a potential risk factor for recurrent urinary tract infections in women. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19045. [PMID: 37923873 PMCID: PMC10624866 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46481-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common infections experienced by women. Previously, scalp and facial hair in men have been shown to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Here we hypothesize that having hairy genitalia might protect women from UTI. This study investigated grooming habits and occurrence of UTIs in the past 12 months in 2409 women (aged 18-45). Women who reported removing all their pubic hair at least weekly were defined as extreme groomers (66.8%). We collected additional information on covariates including age, having a first UTI at or before age 15, spermicide use, having a new sex partner, and frequency of sexual intercourse during the past year. Extreme grooming was not associated with the risk of being diagnosed with UTI (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.90-1.52), but was associated with a higher risk of recurrent UTIs, defined as three or more UTIs within 12 months (OR = 3.09, 95% CI = 1.35-7.06), after controlling for age, history of UTIs, and sexual practices. Other studies have found that hygienic purposes are the most common motivations for pubic hair removal. These results suggest that along with their pubes, women may be getting rid of important microbial niche and protection against recurrent UTIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Galbarczyk
- Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Urszula M Marcinkowska
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Klimek
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grazyna Jasienska
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Khan MA, Rahman AU, Khan B, Al-Mijalli SH, Alswat AS, Amin A, Eid RA, Zaki MSA, Butt S, Ahmad J, Fayad E, Ullah A. Antibiotic Resistance Profiling and Phylogenicity of Uropathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Patients with Urinary Tract Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1508. [PMID: 37887209 PMCID: PMC10603882 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12101508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are healthcare problems that commonly involve bacterial and, in some rare instances, fungal or viral infections. The irrational prescription and use of antibiotics in UTI treatment have led to an increase in antibiotic resistance. Urine samples (145) were collected from male and female patients from Lower Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. Biochemical analyses were carried out to identify uropathogens. Molecular analysis for the identification of 16S ribosomal RNA in samples was performed via Sanger sequencing. Evolutionary linkage was determined using Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis-7 (MEGA-7). The study observed significant growth in 52% of the samples (83/145). Gram-negative bacteria were identified in 85.5% of samples, while Gram-positive bacteria were reported in 14.5%. The UTI prevalence was 67.5% in females and 32.5% in males. The most prevalent uropathogenic bacteria were Klebsiella pneumoniae (39.7%, 33/83), followed by Escherichia coli (27.7%, 23/83), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.8%, 9/83), Staphylococcus aureus (9.6%, 8/83), Proteus mirabilis (7.2%, 6/83) and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (4.8%, 4/83). Phylogenetic analysis was performed using the neighbor-joining method, further confirming the relation of the isolates in our study with previously reported uropathogenic isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility tests identified K. pneumonia as being sensitive to imipenem (100%) and fosfomycin (78.7%) and resistant to cefuroxime (100%) and ciprofloxacin (94%). Similarly, E. coli showed high susceptibility to imipenem (100%), fosfomycin (78.2%) and nitrofurantoin (78.2%), and resistance to ciprofloxacin (100%) and cefuroxime (100%). Imipenem was identified as the most effective antibiotic, while cefuroxime and ciprofloxacin were the least. The phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that K. pneumoniae, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and P. mirabilis clustered with each other and the reference sequences, indicating high similarity (based on 16S rRNA sequencing). It can be concluded that genetically varied uropathogenic organisms are commonly present within the KP population. Our findings demonstrate the need to optimize antibiotic use in treating UTIs and the prevention of antibiotic resistance in the KP population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ajmal Khan
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; (M.A.K.); (J.A.)
| | - Atta Ur Rahman
- Leprosy Laboratory, Department of Parasite Biology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil;
| | - Bakhtawar Khan
- Institute of Brain Disorders, Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Samiah Hamad Al-Mijalli
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amal S. Alswat
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (E.F.)
| | - Aftab Amin
- Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Lab of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Refaat A. Eid
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 62529, Abha 12573, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed Samir A. Zaki
- Anatomy Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 62529, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sadia Butt
- Department of Microbiology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan;
| | - Jamshaid Ahmad
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; (M.A.K.); (J.A.)
| | - Eman Fayad
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (E.F.)
| | - Amin Ullah
- Department of Health & Biological Sciences, Abasyn University Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kostev K, Cai T. Cystitis and Utipro ® Plus: Real-World Evidence. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2564. [PMID: 37761761 PMCID: PMC10531070 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11182564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of drug resistance in the etiological agents of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) emphasizes the need to shift the paradigm towards alternative therapeutic strategies. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the use of a medical device containing xyloglucan, hibiscus, and propolis for reducing UTI symptomatic episodes, antibiotic prescription, and days of sick leave. MATERIALS AND METHODS It used retrospective, cross-sectional study data provided by office-based physicians from Germany (Disease Analyzer, IQVIA database), including those on 3586 patients with a diagnosis of UTI treated with Utipro® Plus (Noventure, Barcelona, Spain) from January 2015 to December 2020. RESULTS The majority of patients were women (94.2%) and had a mean age (standard deviation, SD) of 57.7 years (19.0). Within 12 months after the prescription and compared to the 12 months before, it was observed that there was a reduction in the proportion of patients with at least one UTI diagnosis (from 79.4% to 36.4%, p < 0.001), in antibiotic prescriptions (from 33.5% to 22.1%, p < 0.001), and in the proportion of patients with at least one day of sick leave (from 4.1% to 2.7%). CONCLUSIONS The use of Utipro® Plus is able to decrease UTI recurrence and can lead to the reduction of antibiotic prescriptions and disease burden in individuals affected by uncomplicated cystitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karel Kostev
- Epidemiology, IQVIA S.L., 60549 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Tommaso Cai
- Department of Urology, Santa Chiara Hospital, 38122 Trento, Italy;
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Al-Anany AM, Hooey PB, Cook JD, Burrows LL, Martyniuk J, Hynes AP, German GJ. Phage Therapy in the Management of Urinary Tract Infections: A Comprehensive Systematic Review. PHAGE (NEW ROCHELLE, N.Y.) 2023; 4:112-127. [PMID: 37771568 PMCID: PMC10523411 DOI: 10.1089/phage.2023.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a problem worldwide, affecting almost half a billion people each year. Increasing antibiotic resistance and limited therapeutic options have led to the exploration of alternative therapies for UTIs, including bacteriophage (phage) therapy. This systematic review aims at evaluating the efficacy of phage therapy in treating UTIs. We employed a comprehensive search strategy for any language, any animal, and any publication date. A total of 55 in vivo and clinical studies were included. Of the studies, 22% were published in a non-English language, 32.7% were before the year 1996, and the rest were after 2005. The results of this review suggest that phage therapy for UTIs can be effective; more than 72% of the included articles reported microbiological and clinical improvements. On the other hand, only 5 randomized controlled trials have been completed, and case reports and case series information were frequently incomplete for analysis. Overall, this comprehensive systematic review identifies preliminary evidence supporting the potential of phage therapy as a safe and viable option for the treatment of UTIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amany M. Al-Anany
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Payton B. Hooey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jonathan D. Cook
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lori L. Burrows
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Julia Martyniuk
- Gerstein Science Information Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alexander P. Hynes
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Greg J. German
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Unity Health Toronto, St. Joseph's Health Centre Chronic Infection/Phage Therapy Clinic, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Whelan S, Lucey B, Finn K. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC)-Associated Urinary Tract Infections: The Molecular Basis for Challenges to Effective Treatment. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2169. [PMID: 37764013 PMCID: PMC10537683 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections, especially among women and older adults, leading to a significant global healthcare cost burden. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are the most common cause and accounts for the majority of community-acquired UTIs. Infection by UPEC can cause discomfort, polyuria, and fever. More serious clinical consequences can result in urosepsis, kidney damage, and death. UPEC is a highly adaptive pathogen which presents significant treatment challenges rooted in a complex interplay of molecular factors that allow UPEC to evade host defences, persist within the urinary tract, and resist antibiotic therapy. This review discusses these factors, which include the key genes responsible for adhesion, toxin production, and iron acquisition. Additionally, it addresses antibiotic resistance mechanisms, including chromosomal gene mutations, antibiotic deactivating enzymes, drug efflux, and the role of mobile genetic elements in their dissemination. Furthermore, we provide a forward-looking analysis of emerging alternative therapies, such as phage therapy, nano-formulations, and interventions based on nanomaterials, as well as vaccines and strategies for immunomodulation. This review underscores the continued need for research into the molecular basis of pathogenesis and antimicrobial resistance in the treatment of UPEC, as well as the need for clinically guided treatment of UTIs, particularly in light of the rapid spread of multidrug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shane Whelan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Brigid Lucey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Karen Finn
- Department of Analytical, Biopharmaceutical and Medical Sciences, Atlantic Technological University Galway City, Dublin Road, H91 T8NW Galway, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Parnell LKS, Luke N, Mathur M, Festa RA, Haley E, Wang J, Jiang Y, Anderson L, Baunoch D. Elevated UTI Biomarkers in Symptomatic Patients with Urine Microbial Densities of 10,000 CFU/mL Indicate a Lower Threshold for Diagnosing UTIs. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2688. [PMID: 37627948 PMCID: PMC10453813 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13162688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The literature lacks consensus on the minimum microbial density required for diagnosing urinary tract infections (UTIs). This study categorized the microbial densities of urine specimens from symptomatic UTI patients aged ≥ 60 years and correlated them with detected levels of the immune response biomarkers neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β). The objective was to identify the microbial densities associated with significant elevation of these biomarkers in order to determine an optimal threshold for diagnosing symptomatic UTIs. Biobanked midstream voided urine samples were analyzed for microbial identification and quantification using standard urine culture (SUC) and multiplex-polymerase chain reaction (M-PCR) testing, while NGAL, IL-8, and IL-1β levels were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). NGAL, IL-8, and IL-1β levels were all significantly elevated at microbial densities ≥ 10,000 cells/mL when measured via M-PCR (p < 0.0069) or equivalent colony-forming units (CFUs)/mL via SUC (p < 0.0104) compared to samples with no detectable microbes. With both PCR and SUC, a consensus of two or more elevated biomarkers correlated well with microbial densities > 10,000 cells/mL or CFU/mL, respectively. The association between ≥10,000 cells and CFU per mL with elevated biomarkers in symptomatic patients suggests that this lower threshold may be more suitable than 100,000 CFU/mL for diagnosing UTIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura K. S. Parnell
- Department of Scientific Writing, Precision Consulting, 6522 Harbor Mist, Missouri City, TX 77459, USA;
| | - Natalie Luke
- Department of Clinical Research, Pathnostics, 15545 Sand Canyon Suite 100, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (N.L.); (E.H.)
| | - Mohit Mathur
- Department of Medical Affairs, Pathnostics, 15545 Sand Canyon Suite 100, Irvine, CA 92618, USA;
| | - Richard A. Festa
- Department of Research and Development, Pathnostics, 15545 Sand Canyon Suite 100, Irvine, CA 92618, USA;
| | - Emery Haley
- Department of Clinical Research, Pathnostics, 15545 Sand Canyon Suite 100, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (N.L.); (E.H.)
| | - Jimin Wang
- Department of Statistical Analysis, Stat4Ward, 2 Edgemoor Lane, Pittsburgh, PA 15238, USA; (J.W.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Statistical Analysis, Stat4Ward, 2 Edgemoor Lane, Pittsburgh, PA 15238, USA; (J.W.); (Y.J.)
| | - Lori Anderson
- Department of Diagnostic Market Access, Pathnostics, 15545 Sand Canyon Suite 100, Irvine, CA 92618, USA;
| | - David Baunoch
- Department of Research and Development, Pathnostics, 15545 Sand Canyon Suite 100, Irvine, CA 92618, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kiggundu R, Waswa JP, Nakambale HN, Kakooza F, Kassuja H, Murungi M, Akello H, Morries S, Joshi MP, Stergachis A, Konduri N. Development and evaluation of a continuous quality improvement programme for antimicrobial stewardship in six hospitals in Uganda. BMJ Open Qual 2023; 12:e002293. [PMID: 37336576 DOI: 10.1136/bmjoq-2023-002293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Appropriate antimicrobial use is essential for antimicrobial stewardship (AMS). Ugandan hospitals are making efforts to improve antibiotic use, but improvements have not been sufficiently documented and evaluated. METHODS Six Ugandan hospitals implemented AMS interventions between June 2019 and July 2022. We used the WHO AMS toolkit to set-up hospital AMS programmes and implemented interventions using continuous quality improvement (CQI) techniques and targeting conditions commonly associated with antibiotic misuse, that is, urinary tract infections (UTIs), upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP). The interventions included training, mentorship and provision of clinical guidelines to support clinical decision-making. Quarterly antibiotic use surveys were conducted. RESULTS Data were collected for 7037 patients diagnosed with UTIs. There was an increase in the proportion of patients receiving one antibiotic for the treatment of UTI from 48% during the pre-intervention to 73.2%, p<0.01. There was a 19.2% reduction in the number of antimicrobials per patient treated for UTI p<0.01. There was an increase in use of nitrofurantoin, the first-line drug for the management of UTI. There was an increase in the use of Access antibiotics for managing UTIs from 50.4% to 53.8%. The proportion of patients receiving no antimicrobials for URTI increased from 26.3% at pre-intervention compared with 53.4% at intervention phase, p<0.01. There was a 20.7% reduction in the mean number of antimicrobials per patient for URTI from the pre-intervention to the intervention phase, from 0.8 to 0.6, respectively, p<0.001 and reduction in the number of treatment days, p=0.0163. Among patients undergoing surgery, 49.5% (2212) received SAP during the pre-intervention versus 50.5% (2169) during the intervention. CONCLUSIONS Using CQI approaches to focus on specific causes of inappropriate antibiotic use led to desirable overall reductions in antibiotic use for URTI and UTI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reuben Kiggundu
- USAID Medicines, Technologies, and Pharmaceutical Services (MTaPS) Program, Management Sciences for Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - J P Waswa
- USAID Medicines, Technologies, and Pharmaceutical Services (MTaPS) Program, Management Sciences for Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Hilma N Nakambale
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Francis Kakooza
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Hassan Kassuja
- USAID Medicines, Technologies, and Pharmaceutical Services (MTaPS) Program, Management Sciences for Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Marion Murungi
- USAID Medicines, Technologies, and Pharmaceutical Services (MTaPS) Program, Management Sciences for Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Seru Morries
- Department of Pharmaceuticals and Natural Medicines, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mohan P Joshi
- USAID Medicines, Technologies, and Pharmaceutical Services (MTaPS) Program, Management Sciences for Health, Arlington, Virginia, USA
| | - Andy Stergachis
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington School of Pharmacy, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Niranjan Konduri
- USAID Medicines, Technologies, and Pharmaceutical Services (MTaPS) Program, Management Sciences for Health, Arlington, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kim DS, Lee JW. Urinary Tract Infection and Microbiome. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13111921. [PMID: 37296773 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13111921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infection is one of the most common bacterial infections and can cause major burdens, not only to individuals but also to an entire society. Current knowledge of the microbial communities in the urinary tract has increased exponentially due to next-generation sequencing and expanded quantitative urine culture. We now acknowledge a dynamic urinary tract microbiome that we once thought was sterile. Taxonomic studies have identified the normal core microbiota of the urinary tract, and studies on the changes in microbiome due to sexuality and age have set the foundation for microbiome studies in pathologic states. Urinary tract infection is not only caused by invading uropathogenic bacteria but also by changes to the uromicrobiome milieu, and interactions with other microbial communities can also contribute. Recent studies have provided insights into the pathogenesis of recurrent urinary tract infections and antimicrobial resistance. New therapeutic options for urinary tract infections also show promise; however, further research is needed to fully understand the implications of the urinary microbiome in urinary tract infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Soo Kim
- Department of Urology, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Lee
- Department of Urology, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Antimicrobial Activity of Spices Popularly Used in Mexico against Urinary Tract Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020325. [PMID: 36830236 PMCID: PMC9952462 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common infectious diseases worldwide. These infections are common in all people; however, they are more prevalent in women than in men. The main microorganism that causes 80-90% of UTIs is Escherichia coli. However, other bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae cause UTIs, and antibiotics are required to treat them. However, UTI treatment can be complicated by antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation. Therefore, medicinal plants, such as spices generally added to foods, can be a therapeutic alternative due to the variety of phytochemicals such as polyphenols, saponins, alkaloids, and terpenes present in their extracts that exert antimicrobial activity. Essential oils extracted from spices have been used to demonstrate their antimicrobial efficacy against strains of pathogens isolated from UTI patients and their synergistic effect with antibiotics. This article summarizes relevant findings on the antimicrobial activity of cinnamon, clove, cumin, oregano, pepper, and rosemary, spices popularly used in Mexico against the uropathogens responsible for UTIs.
Collapse
|