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Ben-David D, Cohen Y, Levi G, Keren-Paz A, Tasher D, Zandman-Goddard G, Schwartz O, Maor Y. Contribution of active surveillance cultures to the control of hospital-acquired carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in an endemic hospital setting. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2024; 45:188-195. [PMID: 37728054 PMCID: PMC10877541 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2023.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the increasing rates of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) carriage among hospitalized patients in endemic settings, the role of active surveillance cultures and cohorting is still debated. We sought to determine the long-term effect of a multifaceted infection-control intervention on the incidence of CRAB in an endemic setting. METHODS A prospective, quasi-experimental study was performed at a 670-bed, acute-care hospital. The study consisted of 4 phases. In phase I, basic infection control measures were used. In phase II, CRAB carriers were cohorted in a single ward with dedicated nursing and enhanced environmental cleaning. In phase III large-scale screening in high-risk units was implemented. Phase IV comprised a 15-month follow-up period. RESULTS During the baseline period, the mean incidence rate (IDR) of CRAB was 44 per 100,000 patient days (95% CI, 37.7-54.1). No significant decrease was observed during phase II (IDR, 40.8 per 100,000 patient days; 95% CI, 30.0-56.7; P = .97). During phase III, despite high compliance with control measures, ongoing transmission in several wards was observed and the mean IDR was 53.9 per 100,000 patient days (95% CI, 40.5-72.2; P = .55). In phase IV, following the implementation of large-scale screening, a significant decrease in the mean IDR was observed (25.8 per 100,000 patient days; 95% CI, 19.9-33.5; P = .03). An overall reduction of CRAB rate was observed between phase I and phase IV (rate ratio, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.4-0.9; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS The comprehensive intervention that included intensified control measures with routine active screening cultures was effective in reducing the incidence of CRAB in an endemic hospital setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debby Ben-David
- Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Gabrielle Levi
- National Institute for Antibiotic Resistance and Infection Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alona Keren-Paz
- National Institute for Antibiotic Resistance and Infection Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Diana Tasher
- Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gisele Zandman-Goddard
- Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Yasmin Maor
- Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Schwartz O, Rohana H, Azrad M, Shor A, Rainy N, Maor Y, Nesher L, Sagi O, Ken-Dror S, Kechker P, Peretz A. Characterization of community-acquired Clostridioides difficile strains in Israel, 2020-2022. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1323257. [PMID: 38169783 PMCID: PMC10758451 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1323257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of community-acquired Clostridioides difficile infection (CA-CDI) has been rising, due to changes in antibiotics prescribing practices, emergence of hypervirulent strains and improved diagnostics. This study explored CA-CDI epidemiology by examining strain diversity and virulence factors of CA-CDI isolates collected across several geographical regions in Israel. Methods Stool samples of 126 CA-CDI patients were subjected to PCR and an immunoassay to identify toxin genes and proteins, respectively. Toxin loci PaLoc and PaCdt were detected by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Biofilm production was assessed by crystal violet-based assay. Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined using the Etest technique or agar dilution. WGS and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) were used to classify strains and investigate genetic diversity. Results Sequence types (ST) 2 (17, 13.5%), ST42 (13, 10.3%), ST104 (10, 8%) and ST11 (9, 7.1%) were the most common. All (117, 92.8%) but ST11 belonged to Clade 1. No associations were found between ST and gender, geographic area or antibiotic susceptibility. Although all strains harbored toxins genes, 34 (27%) produced toxin A only, and 54 (42.9%) strains produced toxin B only; 38 (30.2%) produced both toxins. Most isolates were biofilm-producers (118, 93.6%), primarily weak producers (83/118, 70.3%). ST was significantly associated with both biofilm and toxin production. Conclusion C. difficile isolates in Israel community exhibit high ST diversity, with no dominant strain. Other factors may influence the clinical outcomes of CDI such as toxin production, antibiotic resistance and biofilm production. Further studies are needed to better understand the dynamics and influence of these factors on CA-CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orna Schwartz
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hanan Rohana
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Tzafon Medical Center, Poriya, Israel
| | - Maya Azrad
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Tzafon Medical Center, Poriya, Israel
| | - Anna Shor
- Shamir Medical Center, Be’er Ya’akov, Israel
| | - Nir Rainy
- Shamir Medical Center, Be’er Ya’akov, Israel
| | - Yasmin Maor
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Infectious Diseases Unit, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Lior Nesher
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Soroka University Medical Center, Be’er Sheba, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheba, Israel
| | - Orli Sagi
- Microbiology Laboratory, Soroka University Medical Center, Be’er Sheba, Israel
| | - Shifra Ken-Dror
- W. Hirsch Regional Microbiology Laboratory, Clalit Health Services, Haifa, Israel
| | - Peter Kechker
- W. Hirsch Regional Microbiology Laboratory, Clalit Health Services, Haifa, Israel
| | - Avi Peretz
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Tzafon Medical Center, Poriya, Israel
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Agbarya A, Sarel I, Ziv-Baran T, Schwartz O, Shechtman Y, Kozlener E, Khoury R, Sheikh-Ahmad M, Saiegh L, Swaid F, Ahmad AA, Janzic U, Brenner R. Response Rate of the Third and Fourth Doses of the BNT162b2 Vaccine Administered to Cancer Patients Undergoing Active Anti-Neoplastic Treatments. Diseases 2023; 11:128. [PMID: 37873772 PMCID: PMC10594524 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11040128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The BNT162b2 vaccine is globally used for preventing morbidity and mortality related to COVID-19. Cancer patients have had priority for receiving the vaccine due to their diminished immunity. This study reports the response rate of administering the third and fourth vaccine doses to cancer patients receiving active anti-neoplastic treatment. A total of 142 patients received two doses of the mRNA-based BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine, while 76 and 25 patients received three and four doses, respectively. The efficacy of the humoral response following two vaccine doses was diminished in cancer patients, especially in the group of patients receiving chemotherapy. In a multivariate analysis, patients who received three and four BNT162b2 vaccine doses were more likely to have antibody titers in the upper tertile compared to patients who received two doses of the vaccine (odds ratio (OR) 7.62 (95% CI 1.38-42.12), p = 0.02 and 17.15 (95% CI 5.01-58.7), p < 0.01, respectively). Unlike the response after two doses, the third and fourth BNT162b2 vaccine booster doses had an increased efficacy of 95-100% in cancer patients while undergoing active treatment. This result could be explained by different mechanisms including the development of memory B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abed Agbarya
- Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Oncology Institute, Haifa 3339419, Israel; (Y.S.); (E.K.); (R.K.); (M.S.-A.); (L.S.); (F.S.); (A.A.A.)
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Ina Sarel
- Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Oncology Institute, Holon 5822012, Israel;
| | - Tomer Ziv-Baran
- School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel;
| | - Orna Schwartz
- Microbiology and Immunology Laboratory, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon 5822012, Israel;
| | - Yelena Shechtman
- Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Oncology Institute, Haifa 3339419, Israel; (Y.S.); (E.K.); (R.K.); (M.S.-A.); (L.S.); (F.S.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Ella Kozlener
- Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Oncology Institute, Haifa 3339419, Israel; (Y.S.); (E.K.); (R.K.); (M.S.-A.); (L.S.); (F.S.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Rasha Khoury
- Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Oncology Institute, Haifa 3339419, Israel; (Y.S.); (E.K.); (R.K.); (M.S.-A.); (L.S.); (F.S.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Mohammad Sheikh-Ahmad
- Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Oncology Institute, Haifa 3339419, Israel; (Y.S.); (E.K.); (R.K.); (M.S.-A.); (L.S.); (F.S.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Leonard Saiegh
- Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Oncology Institute, Haifa 3339419, Israel; (Y.S.); (E.K.); (R.K.); (M.S.-A.); (L.S.); (F.S.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Forat Swaid
- Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Oncology Institute, Haifa 3339419, Israel; (Y.S.); (E.K.); (R.K.); (M.S.-A.); (L.S.); (F.S.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Asala Abu Ahmad
- Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Oncology Institute, Haifa 3339419, Israel; (Y.S.); (E.K.); (R.K.); (M.S.-A.); (L.S.); (F.S.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Urska Janzic
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Clinic Golnik, 4202 Golnik, Slovenia;
| | - Ronen Brenner
- Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Oncology Institute, Holon 5822012, Israel;
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Hershko Y, Levytskyi K, Rannon E, Assous MV, Ken-Dror S, Amit S, Ben-Zvi H, Sagi O, Schwartz O, Sorek N, Szwarcwort M, Barkan D, Burstein D, Adler A. Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of antimicrobial resistance in Nocardia species. J Antimicrob Chemother 2023; 78:2306-2314. [PMID: 37527397 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkad236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance is common in Nocardia species but data regarding the molecular mechanisms beyond their resistance traits are limited. Our study aimed to determine the species distribution, the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, and investigate the associations between the resistance traits and their genotypic determinants. METHODS The study included 138 clinical strains of Nocardia from nine Israeli microbiology laboratories. MIC values of 12 antimicrobial agents were determined using broth microdilution. WGS was performed on 129 isolates of the eight predominant species. Bioinformatic analysis included phylogeny and determination of antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations. RESULTS Among the isolates, Nocardia cyriacigeorgica was the most common species (36%), followed by Nocardia farcinica (16%), Nocardia wallacei (13%), Nocardia abscessus (9%) and Nocardia brasiliensis (8%). Linezolid was active against all isolates, followed by trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (93%) and amikacin (91%). Resistance to other antibiotics was species-specific, often associated with the presence of resistance genes or mutations: (1) aph(2″) in N. farcinica and N. wallacei (resistance to tobramycin); (ii) blaAST-1 in N. cyriacigeorgica and Nocardia neocaledoniensis (resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanate); (iii) blaFAR-1 in N. farcinica (resistance to ceftriaxone); (iv) Ser83Ala substitution in the gyrA gene in four species (resistance to ciprofloxacin); and (v) the 16S rRNA m1A1408 methyltransferase in N. wallacei isolates (correlating with amikacin resistance). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a comprehensive understanding of Nocardia species diversity, antibiotic resistance patterns, and the molecular basis of antimicrobial resistance. Resistance appears to follow species-related patterns, suggesting a lesser role for de novo evolution or transmission of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhak Hershko
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Robert H. Smith Faculty for Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Katia Levytskyi
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Robert H. Smith Faculty for Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ella Rannon
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Marc V Assous
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shifra Ken-Dror
- Clalit Health Services, Haifa and Western Galilee District, Israel
| | - Sharon Amit
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Haim Ben-Zvi
- Microbiology Laboratory, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Orli Sagi
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | | | - Nadav Sorek
- Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Ashdod, Israel
| | - Moran Szwarcwort
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratories, Laboratories Division, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Daniel Barkan
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Robert H. Smith Faculty for Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - David Burstein
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Amos Adler
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Biran R, Cohen R, Finn T, Brosh-Nissimov T, Rahav G, Yahav D, Amit S, Shachor-Meyouhas Y, Atamna A, Bishara J, Ashkenazi-Hoffnung L, Ben Zvi H, Hershman-Sarafov M, Maayan S, Maor Y, Schwartz O, Zimhony O, Lellouche J, Elbaz M, Burdelova E, Mizrahi N, Novikov A, Henig O, Ben-Ami R. Nationwide Outbreak of Candida auris Infections Driven by COVID-19 Hospitalizations, Israel, 2021-2022. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:1297-1301. [PMID: 37347492 PMCID: PMC10310389 DOI: 10.3201/eid2907.221888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We report an outbreak of Candida auris across multiple healthcare facilities in Israel. For the period of May 2014-May 2022, a total of 209 patients with C. auris infection or colonization were identified. The C. auris incidence rate increased 30-fold in 2021 (p = 0.00015), corresponding in time with surges of COVID-19-related hospitalization. Multilocus sequence typing revealed hospital-level outbreaks with distinct clones. A clade III clone, imported into Israel in 2016, accounted for 48.8% of typed isolates after January 2021 and was more frequently resistant to fluconazole (100% vs. 63%; p = 0.00017) and voriconazole (74% vs. 5.2%; p<0.0001) than were non-clade III isolates. A total of 23% of patients had COVID-19, and 78% received mechanical ventilation. At the hospital level, outbreaks initially involved mechanically ventilated patients in specialized COVID-19 units and then spread sequentially to ventilated non-COVID-19 patients and nonventilated patients.
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Erster O, Levy I, Kabat A, Mannasse B, Levy V, Assraf H, Azar R, Ben-Zvi H, Bradenstein R, Bunder O, Fadeela A, Keren-Naus A, Peretz A, Roif-Kaminsky D, Saleh L, Schreiber L, Schwartz O, Shaked-Mishan P, Sorek N, Strauss M, Steinberg R, Treygerman O, Zisman-Rozen S, Yishai R, Tejman-Yarden N, Mendelson E, Sofer D. A Multi-Laboratory Evaluation of Commercial Monkeypox Virus Molecular Tests. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0022523. [PMID: 37140382 PMCID: PMC10269769 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00225-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this report, we describe the first national scale multi-laboratory evaluation of monkeypox virus (MPXV) DNA commercial PCR kits. The objective of this study was to evaluate 2 kits by different diagnostic laboratories across Israel. Ten standardized samples were tested simultaneously using the Novaplex (15 laboratories) and Bio-Speedy (seven laboratories) kits. An in-house assay based on previously published reactions was used as reference. Comparison of the results showed high intra-assay agreement between laboratories, with small variations for most samples. The in-house assay had an analytical detection limit of less than 10 copies per reaction. While the 2 commercial kits were able to detect specimens with low viral loads similarly to the in-house assay, significant differences were observed, in the Cq values and relative fluorescence (RF), between the assays. The RF signal of the in-house and Bio-Speedy assays ranged between 5,000 and 10,000 RFU, while the signal in the Novaplex assay was less than 600 RFU. Due to the kit measurement protocol, the Cq values of the Bio-Speedy kit were 5 to 7.5 cycles lower than those of the in-house assay. On the contrary, the Cq values of the Novaplex kit were significantly higher than those of the in-house assay, with differences of 3 to 5 cycles per sample. Our results suggest that while all assays were similar in their overall sensitivity, direct comparison of Cq values between them may be misleading. To our knowledge, this is the first methodical evaluation of commercial MPX test kits. We therefore anticipate that this study would help diagnostic laboratories in choosing a specific MPX detection assay. IMPORTANCE To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first methodical evaluation of commercial kits designed for Monkeypox virus detection. This was done by performing the same tests using the same sample set in multiple laboratories, simultaneously, on a national scale. It therefore provides important and unique information on the performance of such kits and provides a guideline for choosing the assay of choice for monkeypox virus diagnosis in a standard diagnostic laboratory. It also demonstrates potential complications when trying to compare the results of different assays, even when testing exactly the same samples, under identical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oran Erster
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Itzchak Levy
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Areej Kabat
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Batya Mannasse
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Virginia Levy
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Hadar Assraf
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Roberto Azar
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Haim Ben-Zvi
- Beilinson-Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | | | - Olga Bunder
- Shamir Medical Center, Beer Yaacov Zerifin, Israel
| | | | | | - Avi Peretz
- The Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Tiberias, Israel
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | | | - Lolu Saleh
- Beilinson-Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Nadav Sorek
- Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Ashdod, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | - Ruth Yishai
- Department of Laboratories, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Noa Tejman-Yarden
- Department of Laboratories, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ella Mendelson
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Danit Sofer
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Znaidia M, de Souza-Angelo Y, Létoffé S, Staropoli I, Grzelak L, Ghigo JM, Schwartz O, Casartelli N. Exposure to Secreted Bacterial Factors Promotes HIV-1 Replication in CD4 + T Cells. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0431322. [PMID: 36853052 PMCID: PMC10100953 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04313-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial translocation is associated with systemic immune activation in HIV-1 disease. Circulating T cells can encounter microbial products in the bloodstream and lymph nodes, where viral replication takes place. The mechanisms by which bacteria contribute to HIV-associated pathogenesis are not completely deciphered. Here, we examined how bacteria may impact T cell function and viral replication. We established cocultures between a panel of live bacteria and uninfected or HIV-1-infected activated peripheral blood CD4-positive (CD4+) T cells. We show that some bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii, sustain lymphocyte activation and enhance HIV-1 replication. Bacteria secrete soluble factors that upregulate CD25 and ICAM-1 cell surface levels and activate NF-κB nuclear translocation. Our data also demonstrate that CD25 polarizes at the virological synapse, suggesting a previously unappreciated role of CD25 during viral replication. These findings highlight how interactions between bacterial factors and T cells may promote T cell activation and HIV-1 replication. IMPORTANCE People living with HIV suffer from chronic immune activation despite effective antiretroviral therapy. Early after infection, HIV-1 actively replicates in the gut, causing the breakage of the intestinal epithelial barrier and microbial translocation. Microbial translocation and chronic immune activation have been proven linked; however, gaps in our knowledge on how bacteria contribute to the development of HIV-related diseases remain. Whether T cells in the peripheral blood react to bacterial products and how this affects viral replication are unknown. We show that some bacteria enriched in people living with HIV activate T cells and favor HIV-1's spread. Bacteria release soluble factors that cause the overexpression of cellular molecules related to their activation state. T cells overexpressing these molecules also replicate HIV-1 more efficiently. These results help us learn more about how HIV-1, T cells, and bacteria interact with each other, as well as the mechanisms behind chronic immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Znaidia
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, UMR CNRS 3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France
| | - Y. de Souza-Angelo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, UMR CNRS 3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France
| | - S. Létoffé
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, UMR CNRS 6047, Genetics of Biofilms Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - I. Staropoli
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, UMR CNRS 3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France
| | - L. Grzelak
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, UMR CNRS 3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France
| | - J. M. Ghigo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, UMR CNRS 6047, Genetics of Biofilms Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - O. Schwartz
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, UMR CNRS 3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - N. Casartelli
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, UMR CNRS 3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France
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Tocut M, Zohar I, Schwartz O, Yossepowitch O, Maor Y. Short- and long-term mortality in patients with urosepsis caused by Escherichia coli susceptible and resistant to 3rd generation cephalosporins. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:571. [PMID: 35751036 PMCID: PMC9229110 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07538-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to compare short- and long-term mortality among patients with urosepsis caused by Escherichia coli susceptibile (EC-SC) and resistant (EC-RC) to 3rd generation cephalosporins. Methods A retrospective cohort study that included all patients with E. coli urosepsis admitted to a 700-bed hospital from January 2014 until December 2019. Mortality up to 30 days, 6 months and 1 year was assessed using logistic multivariate regression analysis and Cox regression analysis. Results A total of 313 adult were included, 195 with EC-SC and 118 patients with EC-RC. 205 were females (74%), mean age was 79 (SD 12) years. Mean Charlson score was 4.93 (SD 2.18) in the EC-SC group and 5.74 (SD 1.92) in the EC-RC group. Appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy was initiated in 245 (78.3%) patients, 100% in the EC-SC group but only 42.5% in the EC-RC group. 30-day mortality occurred in 12 (6.3%) of EC-SC group and 15 (12.7%) in the EC-RC group. Factors independently associated with 30-day mortality were Charlson score, Pitt bacteremia score, fever upon admission and infection with a EC-RC. Appropriate antibiotic therapy was not independently associated with 30-day mortality. Differences in mortality between groups remained significant one year after the infection and were significantly associated with the Charlson co-morbidity score. Conclusions Mortality in patients with urosepsis due to E. coli is highly affected by age and comorbidities. Although mortality was higher in the EC-RC group, we could not demonstrate an association with inappropriate empirical antibiotic treatment. Mortality remained higher at 6 months and 1 year long after the infection resolved but was associated mainly with co-morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Tocut
- Department of Medicine C, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Iris Zohar
- Infectious Disease Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, 62 Halochamim Street, 58100, Holon, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Orna Schwartz
- Microbiology and Immunology Laboratory Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Orit Yossepowitch
- Infectious Disease Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, 62 Halochamim Street, 58100, Holon, Israel
| | - Yasmin Maor
- Infectious Disease Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, 62 Halochamim Street, 58100, Holon, Israel. .,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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9
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Hadjadj J, Planas D, Ouedrani A, Buffier S, Delage L, Nguyen Y, Bruel T, Stolzenberg M, Staropoli I, Morbieu C, Henriquez S, Mouthon L, Rieux-Laucat F, Chatenoud L, Schwartz O, Terrier B. Immunogénicité du vaccin BNT162b2 chez les patients avec maladies auto-immunes sous immunosuppresseurs. Rev Med Interne 2021. [PMCID: PMC8610716 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2021.10.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Yatim N, Boussier J, Tetu P, Smith N, Bruel T, Corneau A, Da Meda L, Allayous C, Grzelak L, Staropoli I, Hadjadj J, Le Goff J, Kramkimel N, Aractingi S, Blanc C, Rieux-Laucat F, Schwartz O, Terrier B, Duffy D, Lebbe C. Impact des inhibiteurs de checkpoints immunitaires au cours de la COVID-19 chez les patients atteints de mélanome. Rev Med Interne 2021. [PMCID: PMC8610730 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2021.10.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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11
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Galmiche S, Fernandes-Pellerin S, Ungeheuer MN, Schwartz O, Attia M, Hoen B. High negative predictive value of RT-PCR in patients with high likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Infect Dis Now 2021; 52:52-53. [PMID: 34838774 PMCID: PMC8610841 DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Galmiche
- Emerging diseases epidemiology unit, institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - S Fernandes-Pellerin
- Center for translational sciences, institut Pasteur, 25-28, rue du Docteur-Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - M N Ungeheuer
- ICAReB platform (Clinical Investigation & Access to Research Bioresources) of the Center for Translational Science, institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - O Schwartz
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Vaccine Research Institute, institut Pasteur, Creteil, France
| | - M Attia
- Molecular Genetics of RNA viruses, Department of Virology, National Reference Center for Respiratory Viruses, institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - B Hoen
- Center for translational sciences, institut Pasteur, 25-28, rue du Docteur-Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
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12
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Frumholtz L, Bouaziz JD, Battistella M, Hadjadj J, Chocron R, Bengoufa D, Le Buanec H, Barnabei L, Meynier S, Schwartz O, Grzelak L, Smith N, Charbit B, Duffy D, Yatim N, Calugareanu A, Philippe A, Guerin CL, Joly B, Siguret V, Jaume L, Bachelez H, Bagot M, Rieux-Laucat F, Maylin S, Legoff J, Delaugerre C, Gendron N, Smadja DM, Cassius C. Type I interferon response and vascular alteration in chilblain-like lesions during the COVID-19 outbreak. Br J Dermatol 2021; 185:1176-1185. [PMID: 34611893 PMCID: PMC8652826 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background The outbreak of chilblain‐like lesions (CLL) during the COVID‐19 pandemic has been reported extensively, potentially related to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, yet its underlying pathophysiology is unclear. Objectives To study skin and blood endothelial and immune system activation in CLL in comparison with healthy controls and seasonal chilblains (SC), defined as cold‐induced sporadic chilblains occurring during 2015 and 2019 with exclusion of chilblain lupus. Methods This observational study was conducted during 9–16 April 2020 at Saint‐Louis Hospital, Paris, France. All patients referred with CLL seen during this period of the COVID‐19 pandemic were included in this study. We excluded patients with a history of chilblains or chilblain lupus. Fifty patients were included. Results Histological patterns were similar and transcriptomic signatures overlapped in both the CLL and SC groups, with type I interferon polarization and a cytotoxic–natural killer gene signature. CLL were characterized by higher IgA tissue deposition and more significant transcriptomic activation of complement and angiogenesis factors compared with SC. We observed in CLL a systemic immune response associated with IgA antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in 73% of patients, and elevated type I interferon blood signature in comparison with healthy controls. Finally, using blood biomarkers related to endothelial dysfunction and activation, and to angiogenesis or endothelial progenitor cell mobilization, we confirmed endothelial dysfunction in CLL. Conclusions Our findings support an activation loop in the skin in CLL associated with endothelial alteration and immune infiltration of cytotoxic and type I IFN‐polarized cells leading to clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Frumholtz
- Dermatology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - J-D Bouaziz
- Dermatology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Human Immunology Pathophysiology Immunotherapy, INSERM U976, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - M Battistella
- Université de Paris, Human Immunology Pathophysiology Immunotherapy, INSERM U976, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France.,Pathology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - J Hadjadj
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM U1163, F-75015, Paris, France.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Reference Centre for Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - R Chocron
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, F-75006, Paris, France.,Emergency Department, AP-HP, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - D Bengoufa
- Immunobiology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - H Le Buanec
- Université de Paris, Human Immunology Pathophysiology Immunotherapy, INSERM U976, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - L Barnabei
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM U1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - S Meynier
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM U1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - O Schwartz
- Institut Pasteur, Virus and Immunity Unit, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - L Grzelak
- Institut Pasteur, Virus and Immunity Unit, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - N Smith
- Institut Pasteur, Translational Immunology Lab, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - B Charbit
- Institut Pasteur, Cytometry and Biomarkers UTechS, CRT, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - D Duffy
- Institut Pasteur, Translational Immunology Lab, F-75015, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, Cytometry and Biomarkers UTechS, CRT, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - N Yatim
- Dermatology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, Translational Immunology Lab, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - A Calugareanu
- Dermatology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Human Immunology Pathophysiology Immunotherapy, INSERM U976, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - A Philippe
- Institut Pasteur, Cytometry and Biomarkers UTechS, CRT, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - C L Guerin
- Université de Paris, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERM, F-75006, Paris, France.,Institut Curie, Cytometry Platform, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - B Joly
- Biological Haematology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, F-75010, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, EA3518, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - V Siguret
- Biological Haematology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, F-75010, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, INSERM UMR S1140, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - L Jaume
- Dermatology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - H Bachelez
- Dermatology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Genetics of Skin Diseases, INSERM U1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - M Bagot
- Dermatology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Human Immunology Pathophysiology Immunotherapy, INSERM U976, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - F Rieux-Laucat
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM U1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - S Maylin
- Virology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - J Legoff
- Virology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Team Insight, INSERM U976, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - C Delaugerre
- Virology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - N Gendron
- Université de Paris, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERM, F-75006, Paris, France.,Hematology Department and Biosurgical Research Lab (Carpentier Foundation), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris-Centre Université de Paris (APHP-CUP), F-75015, Paris, France
| | - D M Smadja
- Université de Paris, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERM, F-75006, Paris, France.,Hematology Department and Biosurgical Research Lab (Carpentier Foundation), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris-Centre Université de Paris (APHP-CUP), F-75015, Paris, France
| | - C Cassius
- Dermatology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Human Immunology Pathophysiology Immunotherapy, INSERM U976, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France
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13
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Agbarya A, Sarel I, Ziv-Baran T, Agranat S, Schwartz O, Shai A, Nordheimer S, Fenig S, Shechtman Y, Kozlener E, Taha T, Nasrallah H, Parikh R, Elkoshi N, Levy C, Khoury R, Brenner R. Efficacy of the mRNA-Based BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine in Patients with Solid Malignancies Treated with Anti-Neoplastic Drugs. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4191. [PMID: 34439346 PMCID: PMC8391288 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The BNT162b2 vaccine was shown to be highly effective in reducing the risk of COVID-19 infection in healthy individuals and patients with chronic disease. However, there are little data regarding its efficacy in patients treated for cancer. We analyzed the humoral response following vaccination with the second dose of BNT162b2 in 140 patients with solid malignancies who were receiving anti-cancer therapy at the time of vaccination and 215 participants who had not been diagnosed with cancer. Multivariate analysis was performed, followed by matching the two groups by age, gender and days from vaccination. The humoral response in the cancer patient group was significantly lower than in the non-cancer group: 20/140 seronegative (14.3%) vs. 3/215 (1.4%), p < 0.001; median IgG levels 2231 AU/mL (IQR 445-8023) vs. 4100 (IQR 2231-6774) p = 0.001 respectively. The odds ratio for negative serology results in cancer patients adjusted by age and gender was 7.35 compared to participants without cancer. This effect was observed only in chemotherapy treated patients: 17/73 seronegative (23.3%) vs. 3/215 (1.4%), p < 0.001; median IgG 1361 AU/mL vs. 4100, p < 0.001 but not in patients treated with non-chemotherapeutic drugs. Reduced immunogenicity to COVID-19 vaccine among chemotherapy-treated cancer patients, raises the need to continue exercising protective measures after vaccination in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abed Agbarya
- Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Oncology Institute, 47 Golomb Avenue, Haifa 3339419, Israel; (Y.S.); (E.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Ina Sarel
- Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Oncology Institute, 62 Halohamim Street, Holon 5822012, Israel; (I.S.); (S.A.); (S.N.); (S.F.)
| | - Tomer Ziv-Baran
- School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, 35 Klatchkin Street, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel;
| | - Sivan Agranat
- Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Oncology Institute, 62 Halohamim Street, Holon 5822012, Israel; (I.S.); (S.A.); (S.N.); (S.F.)
| | - Orna Schwartz
- Microbiology and Immunology Laboratory, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, 62 Halohamim Street, Holon 5822012, Israel;
| | - Ayelet Shai
- Department of Oncology, Galilee Medical Center, P.O. Box 21, Nahariya 22100, Israel;
| | - Sharon Nordheimer
- Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Oncology Institute, 62 Halohamim Street, Holon 5822012, Israel; (I.S.); (S.A.); (S.N.); (S.F.)
| | - Shlomit Fenig
- Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Oncology Institute, 62 Halohamim Street, Holon 5822012, Israel; (I.S.); (S.A.); (S.N.); (S.F.)
| | - Yelena Shechtman
- Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Oncology Institute, 47 Golomb Avenue, Haifa 3339419, Israel; (Y.S.); (E.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Ella Kozlener
- Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Oncology Institute, 47 Golomb Avenue, Haifa 3339419, Israel; (Y.S.); (E.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Tarek Taha
- Department of Oncology, Rambam Health Care Campus, 8 HaAlyia Hashniya, Haifa 31096, Israel; (T.T.); (H.N.)
| | - Haitam Nasrallah
- Department of Oncology, Rambam Health Care Campus, 8 HaAlyia Hashniya, Haifa 31096, Israel; (T.T.); (H.N.)
| | - Roma Parikh
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel; (R.P.); (N.E.); (C.L.)
| | - Nadav Elkoshi
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel; (R.P.); (N.E.); (C.L.)
| | - Carmit Levy
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel; (R.P.); (N.E.); (C.L.)
| | - Rasha Khoury
- Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Oncology Institute, 47 Golomb Avenue, Haifa 3339419, Israel; (Y.S.); (E.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Ronen Brenner
- Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Oncology Institute, 62 Halohamim Street, Holon 5822012, Israel; (I.S.); (S.A.); (S.N.); (S.F.)
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14
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Cassius C, Merandet M, Frumholtz L, Bergerat D, Samri A, Grolleau C, Grzelak L, Schwartz O, Yatim N, Moghadam P, Jaume L, Bagot M, Legoff J, Delaugerre C, Bouaziz JD, Le Buanec H. Analysis of T cell responses directed against the spike and/or membrane and/or nucleocapsid proteins in chilblain-like lesions patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Br J Dermatol 2021; 185:1242-1244. [PMID: 34258762 PMCID: PMC8444844 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Cassius
- Dermatology department, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Human immunology Pathophysiology Immunotherapy, INSERM U976, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - M Merandet
- Université de Paris, Human immunology Pathophysiology Immunotherapy, INSERM U976, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - L Frumholtz
- Dermatology department, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - D Bergerat
- Université de Paris, Human immunology Pathophysiology Immunotherapy, INSERM U976, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - A Samri
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm 1135, Centre d'immunologie et des maladies infectieuses, Cimi-Paris, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - C Grolleau
- Dermatology department, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Human immunology Pathophysiology Immunotherapy, INSERM U976, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - L Grzelak
- Institut Pasteur, Virus and immunity unit, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - O Schwartz
- Institut Pasteur, Virus and immunity unit, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - N Yatim
- Dermatology department, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, Translational Immunology Lab, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - P Moghadam
- Dermatology department, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - L Jaume
- Dermatology department, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - M Bagot
- Dermatology department, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Human immunology Pathophysiology Immunotherapy, INSERM U976, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - J Legoff
- Virology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Team Insight, INSERM U976, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - C Delaugerre
- Virology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - J-D Bouaziz
- Dermatology department, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Human immunology Pathophysiology Immunotherapy, INSERM U976, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - H Le Buanec
- Université de Paris, Human immunology Pathophysiology Immunotherapy, INSERM U976, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France
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15
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Zohar I, Schwartz O, Yossepowitch O, David SSB, Maor Y. Aminoglycoside versus carbapenem or piperacillin/tazobactam treatment for bloodstream infections of urinary source caused by Gram-negative ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 75:458-465. [PMID: 31691817 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We studied the performance of aminoglycosides in treating bloodstream infections (BSIs) of urinary source caused by ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-EB). METHODS In a retrospective study of 193 patients with a clinical diagnosis of urinary tract infection, pyelonephritis or urosepsis and blood and urine cultures positive for ESBL-EB, patients were grouped according to whether they were treated with an aminoglycoside, a carbapenem or piperacillin/tazobactam. Multivariate analysis was used to define risk factors for mortality with inverse probability of treatment weighting used to minimize confounding. The primary efficacy outcome was 30 day mortality. The primary safety outcome was acute kidney injury (AKI) at 14 days. RESULTS Mean age was 79.3 years. Dementia, chronic kidney disease and the presence of a urinary catheter were common. Thirty-two (16.6%) patients died and risk factors for mortality included age, high Charlson score, presentation with severe sepsis/septic shock and infection with bacteria other than Escherichia coli. Aminoglycosides were non-inferior compared with other antibiotics regarding 30 day mortality [13.0% versus 21.2%, respectively; adjusted risk difference=10.29% (-0.82% to 21.41%)], but did not reach non-inferiority for bacteriuria recurrence [48.9% versus 44.7%, respectively; adjusted risk difference=-8.72% (-30.87% to 13.43%)]. AKI developed at a similar rate in both treatment groups: 12.0% versus 10.6%, respectively [OR=1.14 (0.46-2.81)]. Aminoglycosides were more efficacious in E. coli infections compared with other ESBL-EB. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated the efficacy and safety of aminoglycosides in treating BSI of urinary source caused by ESBL-EB. This carbapenem-sparing approach can assist in avoiding excessive carbapenem use without compromising outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Zohar
- Infectious Disease Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel.,Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Orna Schwartz
- Microbiology Laboratory, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | | | | | - Yasmin Maor
- Infectious Disease Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel.,Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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16
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Mathian A, Sterlin D, Miyara M, Mohr A, Anna F, Quentric P, Fadlallah J, Devilliers H, Bruel T, Schwartz O, Parizot C, Dorgham K, Charneau P, Amoura Z, Gorochov G. Les Immunoglobulines A dominent la réponse anticorps neutralisante précoce anti-SARS-CoV-2. Rev Med Interne 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2020.10.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Frumholtz L, Bouaziz JD, Battistella M, Bengoufa D, Hadjadj J, Jaume L, Gendron N, Schwartz O, Yatim N, Bachelez H, Bagot M, Rieux-Laucat F, Le Goff J, Smadja D, Cassius C. Activation endothéliale associée aux ANCA IgA au cours des lésions de lésions acrales pendant l’épidémie de COVID-19. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2020. [PMCID: PMC7688262 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2020.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Matériel et méthodes Résultats Discussion
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18
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Stein ML, Ramikhanov L, Boaz M, Schwartz O, Faitelson Y. Outdated allergens are similar to unexpired extracts for the detection of allergen sensitization. Allergy Asthma Proc 2020; 41:45-51. [PMID: 31888782 DOI: 10.2500/aap.2020.41.190019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Allergen extracts have relatively short shelf lives, which limits their use and increase financial loss and waste on unused extracts. It is thus important to determine if efficacy persists beyond the expiration date. Objective: To determine the in vivo efficacy and bioavailability of outdated allergen extracts for diagnosis of allergic sensitizations. Methods: We enrolled 34 participants with allergic rhinitis and 5 participants with Hymenoptera hypersensitivity. After confirming allergen sensitization with the unexpired extracts, each participant had a second skin test with the matched outdated one (up to 7 years after the expiration date). All pairs of extracts were from the same company, stored under identical conditions, and tested for microbiologic contamination. The results of 356 skin-prick tests between expired and 111 unexpired extracts were compared. Results: None of the extracts had bacterial or fungal contamination. All outdated extracts produced a positive wheal reaction, with an average of 9.4 mm, which was not significantly different than the unexpired allergens. Seven years outdated lyophilized Hymenoptera extracts showed no significant differences in the wheal's size for the intradermal test at 1 μg/mL, between 5 and 9 mm. Conclusion: Outdated allergen extracts were safe and did not seem to differ in potency and bioavailability from unexpired extracts for the detection of allergen sensitization by skin-prick testing. These results supported our hypothesis that allergen extracts have efficacy and bioavailability that extend beyond the expiry date provided by the manufacturer. For the diagnosis of aeroallergens and Hymenoptera sensitization, it seemed that allergens can be used beyond the expiration date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel L. Stein
- From the Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel, and
| | - Larissa Ramikhanov
- From the Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel, and
| | - Mona Boaz
- Department of Nutrition Science, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel, and
| | - Orna Schwartz
- Microbiology and Immunology Laboratory, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Yoram Faitelson
- From the Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel, and
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19
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di Nunzio F, Blanco-Rodriguez G, Gazi A, Monel B, Frabetti S, Scoca V, Schwartz O, Krijnse-Locker J, Charneau P. Remodeling of the core leads HIV-1 pre-integration complex into the nucleus of human lymphocytes. J Virus Erad 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Schwartz O, Yossepowitch O, Maor Y. 1353. Effect of Implementing Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra Assay on Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in a Medical Center in Central Israel. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019. [PMCID: PMC6809009 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) is a worldwide public health concern both in developing and developed countries. The new Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay (Ultra, Cepheid, Sunnyvale, USA) recently endorsed by the WHO has high sensitivity to TB detection. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of this assay on TB diagnosis in a medical center in Israel where the baseline prevalence of TB is low. Methods The Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay is a cartridge-based automated diagnostic test that can simultaneously identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and resistance to Rifampicin. We began using this test in 1.1.2018. To assess the impact of this assay on the rate of TB diagnosis we compared TB tests and positive cases during two time periods: period I (1.1.2017-31.10.2017) when TB diagnosis was based on the Xpert MTB/RIF assay to period II (1.1.2018 to 31.10.2018) when TB diagnosis was based on Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay. Included were all TB tests performed on sputum, deep suction or bronchoalveolar lavage. Files of positive patients were reviewed. Results The study included 1034 samples from 717 patients. Results are presented in Table 1. During the second period, TB rates increased by 231%. During the entire study there was no change in the hospital’s guidelines regarding TB diagnosis policy and there was no epidemiological change in the population served by the hospital. Only three cases had rifampicin resistance. In 5 cases (20%) during period II the result was trace amounts, an entity that did not exist in the former assay and in 3 cases culture results were negative. In 2017, 6 patients (60%) were African born, 3 patients (30%) originated from Eastern Europe, and one patient (10%) was born in the Middle East region. In 2018, 9 patients (36%) were born in Africa, 9 patients (36%) were born in Eastern Europe, and 7 patients (28%) were born in the Middle East region. Mean age at diagnosis was 38 years for patients diagnosed during period I and 53 years for patients diagnosed during period II. Conclusion The new assay enabled a significantly higher diagnosis rate for TB at our institution. We believe that this mainly reflects a higher diagnosis rate in patients with paucibacillary TB. Further study is needed to assess the relation between cultured confirmed diseases and the assay results, particularly in patients with trace results. ![]()
Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yasmin Maor
- Wolfson Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Holon, HaMerkaz, Israel
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Mueller-Felber W, Kölbel H, Schwartz O, Blaschek A, Olgemüller B, Harms E, Röschinger W, Durner J, Gläser D, Burggraf S, Nennstiel U, Wirth B, Schara U, Becker M, Vill K. P.211Pilot study of genetic newborn screening for spinal muscular atrophy in Germany: clinical results after more than a year. Neuromuscul Disord 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2019.06.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Landau ER, Trinder J, Simmons JG, Raniti M, Blake M, Waloszek JM, Blake L, Schwartz O, Murray G, Allen NB, Byrne ML. Salivary C-reactive protein among at-risk adolescents: A methods investigation of out of range immunoassay data. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 99:104-111. [PMID: 30219639 PMCID: PMC6231987 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory markers including C-Reactive Protein (CRP) are increasingly used within research and clinical settings. Yet, varying methodologies for cleaning immunoassay data with out of range (OOR) samples may alter characteristic levels of CRP, thereby obscuring interpretation and reliability. This study investigated the influence of eight immunoassay OOR data treatment techniques on salivary CRP (sCRP) samples from at-risk adolescents. Participants from the 'Sleep and Education: learning New Skills Early' (SENSE) Study were 86 adolescents at-risk for depression (50 female), aged 14.29 years (SD = 1.04). ANOVA results showed no statistically significant differences in average morning (F(7, 590) = 1.24, p = .28) and evening (F(7, 599)=1.29, p = .25) values produced by each OOR data cleaning technique. However, varying techniques produced differences in the magnitude of Pearson's correlations between consecutive saliva samples (r's between 0.27-0.78), and influenced the significance of a sCRP diurnal pattern; two techniques produced statistically higher morning than evening sCRP levels (t(85) = 2.70, p = .01 and t(85) = 2.67, p = .01), whereas six techniques failed to find statistical differences between morning and evening sCRP levels (p's >.05). Varying techniques also produced statistically divergent associations between sCRP and age and depressive symptoms. Results from this study provide evidence for the temporal stability of sCRP among adolescents, show winsorization as an effective OOR data management technique, and highlight the influence of methodological decisions in cleaning salivary biomarker data and the need for consistency within the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Landau
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, 12th loor Redmond Barry Building, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010 Australia
| | - J Trinder
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, 12th loor Redmond Barry Building, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010 Australia
| | - J G Simmons
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, 12th loor Redmond Barry Building, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010 Australia; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Parkville, Australia
| | - M Raniti
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, 12th loor Redmond Barry Building, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010 Australia
| | - M Blake
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, 12th loor Redmond Barry Building, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010 Australia
| | - J M Waloszek
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, 12th loor Redmond Barry Building, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010 Australia
| | - L Blake
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, 12th loor Redmond Barry Building, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010 Australia
| | - O Schwartz
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, 12th loor Redmond Barry Building, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010 Australia
| | - G Murray
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, 427-451 Burwood Road, Hawthorne, Victoria, 3122 Australia
| | - N B Allen
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, 12th loor Redmond Barry Building, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010 Australia; Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, 1585 E 13th Avenue, Eugene, Oregon, 97403 USA
| | - M L Byrne
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, 1585 E 13th Avenue, Eugene, Oregon, 97403 USA.
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Schwartz O, Axelrod JJ, Tuthill DR, Haslinger P, Ophus C, Glaeser RM, Müller H. Near-concentric Fabry-Pérot cavity for continuous-wave laser control of electron waves. Opt Express 2017; 25:14453-14462. [PMID: 28789031 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.014453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating free-space electron wave functions with laser fields can bring about new electron-optical elements for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In particular, a Zernike phase plate would enable high-contrast TEM imaging of soft matter, leading to new opportunities in structural biology and materials science. A Zernike phase plate can be implemented using a tight, intense continuous laser focus that shifts the phase of the electron wave by the ponderomotive potential. Here, we use a near-concentric cavity to focus 7.5 kW of continuous-wave circulating laser power at 1064 nm into a 7 µm mode waist, achieving a record continuous laser intensity of 40 GW/cm2. Such parameters are sufficient to impart a phase shift of 1 rad to a 10 keV electron beam, or 0.16 rad to a 300 keV beam. Our numerical simulations confirm that the standing-wave phase shift profile imprinted on the electron wave by the intra-cavity field can serve as a nearly ideal Zernike phase plate.
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Lorin V, Malbec M, Eden C, Bruel T, Porrot F, Seaman MS, Schwartz O, Mouquet H. Broadly neutralizing antibodies suppress post-transcytosis HIV-1 infectivity. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:829. [PMID: 28435154 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Landau E, Blake M, Waloszek J, Schwartz O, Raniti M, Simmons J, Blake L, Dudgeon P, Bootzin R, Dahl R, Murray G, Trinder J, Allen N. 0956 ADOLESCENT SLEEP DISTURBANCE AMONG A COMMUNITY-BASED SCREEN: PREVALENCE AND CO-MORBIDITY RATES FROM THE SENSE STUDY. Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Landau E, Raniti M, Blake M, Schwartz O, Simmons J, Waloszek J, Murray G, Bootzin R, Dahl R, O’Brien-Simpson N, Trinder J, Allen N. 1090 THE LONGITUDINAL NEUROENDOCRINE, IMMUNE, AND CARDIOVASCULAR IMPACT OF A MINDFULNESS-BASED SLEEP INTERVENTION FOR AT-RISK ADOLESCENTS. Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.1089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Maor Y, Yossepowitch O, Schwartz O, Goor Y, Sheffer R, Dan M, Gottesman T. Trends in Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhea in a Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) Clinic in Central Israel, 2009 to 2014. Open Forum Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofw172.1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Maor
- Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | - Yael Goor
- Tel Aviv District Health Office, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rivka Sheffer
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Tel Aviv District Health Office, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Kölbel H, Schwartz O, Neuen-Jacob E, Abicht A, Weis J, Schara U. Nesprinopathies: A wide clinical range of phenotypes and characteristic ultrastructural findings. Neuromuscul Disord 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2016.06.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
According to quantum electrodynamics, the exchange of virtual photons in a system of identical quantum emitters causes a shift of its energy levels. Such shifts, known as cooperative Lamb shifts, have been studied mostly in the near-field regime. However, the resonant electromagnetic interaction persists also at large distances, providing coherent coupling between distant atoms. Here, we report a direct spectroscopic observation of the cooperative Lamb shift of an optical electric-dipole transition in an array of Sr(+) ions suspended in a Paul trap at inter-ion separations much larger than the resonance wavelength. By controlling the precise positions of the ions, we studied the far-field resonant coupling in chains of up to eight ions, extending to a length of 40 μm. This method provides a novel tool for experimental exploration of cooperative emission phenomena in extended mesoscopic atomic arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Meir
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - O Schwartz
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - E Shahmoon
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel and Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - D Oron
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - R Ozeri
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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Adler A, Schwartzberg Y, Samra Z, Schwartz O, Carmeli Y, Schwaber M. Trends and changes in Clostridium difficile diagnostic policies and their impact on the proportion of positive samples: a national survey. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 20:O904-10. [DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gottesman T, Yossepowitch O, Schwartz O, Rokney A, Soroksky A, Dan M. Severe sepsis from community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus possibly due to implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Isr Med Assoc J 2012; 14:774-775. [PMID: 23393719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Gottesman
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
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Raz O, Schwartz O, Austin D, Wyatt AS, Schiavi A, Smirnova O, Nadler B, Walmsley IA, Oron D, Dudovich N. Vectorial phase retrieval for linear characterization of attosecond pulses. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:133902. [PMID: 22026855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The waveforms of attosecond pulses produced by high-harmonic generation carry information on the electronic structure and dynamics in atomic and molecular systems. Current methods for the temporal characterization of such pulses have limited sensitivity and impose significant experimental complexity. We propose a new linear and all-optical method inspired by widely used multidimensional phase retrieval algorithms. Our new scheme is based on the spectral measurement of two attosecond sources and their interference. As an example, we focus on the case of spectral polarization measurements of attosecond pulses, relying on their most fundamental property-being well confined in time. We demonstrate this method numerically by reconstructing the temporal profiles of attosecond pulses generated from aligned CO(2) molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Raz
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Roehrbein F, CoenCagli R, Schwartz O. Dynamic scenes vs. static images: Differences in basic gazing behaviors for natural stimulus sets. J Vis 2011. [DOI: 10.1167/11.11.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Schechner V, Gottesman T, Schwartz O, Korem M, Maor Y, Rahav G, Karplus R, Lazarovitch T, Braun E, Finkelstein R, Lachish T, Wiener-Well Y, Alon D, Chowers M, Bardenstein R, Zimhony O, Paz A, Potasman I, Giladi M, Schwaber MJ, Klarfeld-Lidji S, Hochman M, Marchaim D, Carmeli Y. Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia upon hospital admission: risk factors for mortality and influence of inadequate empirical antimicrobial therapy. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 71:38-45. [PMID: 21763093 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2011.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Revised: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an uncommon cause of bacteremia upon hospital admission (UHA) and the chosen empirical antimicrobial therapy may not cover it appropriately. In a multicenter prospective study conducted in Israel, we evaluated risk factors for in-hospital mortality in patients with P. aeruginosa bacteremia UHA and determined the influence of delay in adequate empirical antimicrobial therapy on patients' outcome. Seventy-six adult patients with P. aeruginosa bacteremia within 72 h of hospital admission were included. Demographic, clinical, and treatment data were collected. Microbiological adequacy of empirical therapy was determined. Severe sepsis or septic shock at admission (OR, 21.9; P < 0.001), respiratory or unknown sources of bacteremia (OR, 11.5; P = 0.003), recent hospitalization (OR, 6.2; P = 0.032), and poor functional status (OR, 5.8; P = 0.029) were identified as independent predictors of mortality. Inadequate empirical antimicrobial therapy was marginally associated with increased mortality only among patients who presented with severe sepsis or septic shock (P = 0.051).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vered Schechner
- Division of Epidemiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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Borchert A, Schwartz O, Preuth N, Kurlemann G, Young P, Schilling M. Querschnitt- und Longitudinalstudie bei Kindern mit Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1A: eine Untersuchung mittels hochauflösendem Ultraschall peripherer Nerven. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1272662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Schwartz O, Simoncelli EP. A spike-triggered covariance method for characterizing divisive normalization models. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/1.3.450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Robinson J, Harris MG, Harrigan SM, Henry LP, Farrelly S, Prosser A, Schwartz O, Jackson H, McGorry PD. Suicide attempt in first-episode psychosis: a 7.4 year follow-up study. Schizophr Res 2010; 116:1-8. [PMID: 19864115 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2009.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Revised: 10/05/2009] [Accepted: 10/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with first-episode psychosis demonstrate high rates of suicide attempt (SA). AIMS 1) To examine the prevalence of, and risk factors for, SA in a first-episode psychosis (FEP) cohort over a 7.4 year follow-up period. 2) To investigate differences between single versus multiple suicide attempters. METHODS This study reports baseline and follow-up data from a naturalistic, prospective follow-up of 413 FEP patients treated at a specialist early psychosis centre. Assessments were conducted at treatment entry, initial symptom remission or stabilization, and long term follow-up. Binary logistic regression models were used to assess unadjusted and adjusted associations between early illness and sociodemographic characteristics and two outcome measures: any SA during follow-up; and multiple SAs. RESULTS Follow-up data were available for 282 participants. Sixty-one (21.6%) made a suicide attempt over the follow-up period, including 12 successful suicides. The following baseline risk factors increased the risk of any SA: history of self-harm (OR=4.27; p<0.001), suicidal tendencies (OR=2.30; p=0.022), being depressed for >50% of the initial psychotic episode (OR=2.49; p=0.045), and hopelessness (OR=2.03; p=0.030). History of problem alcohol use increased the risk of multiple SAs (OR=4.43; 95% CI (1.05-18.7); p=0.043). DISCUSSION The prevalence of suicide attempt in this study exceeds reports from short-term FEP studies but is comparable to longer term follow-up studies, indicating that risk remains elevated for at least 7 years following commencement of treatment. The key predictor of future suicide attempt was previous self-harm, indicating that interventions for self-harm are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Robinson
- Orygen Youth Health and Research Centre, Early Psychosis Prevention and Intervention Centre (EPPIC), Parkville Victoria 3052, Melbourne, Australia.
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Tangy F, Février M, Guerbois M, Combredet C, Najburg V, Ruffié C, Morris A, Schwartz O, Legrand R. OA021-02. Replicating measles-SHIV vaccine induces long term preservation of central memory CD4 cells in the gut of vaccinated macaques challenged with SHIV. Retrovirology 2009. [PMCID: PMC2767534 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-s3-o14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Fausther-Bovendo H, Sol-Foulon N, Schwartz O, Debre P, Vieillard V. OA031-05. HIV escape from natural killer cytotoxicity: Nef inhibits NKp44L expression on HIV-infected CD4+ T cells. Retrovirology 2009. [PMCID: PMC2767544 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-s3-o23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Lepelley A, Louis S, Sourisseau M, Perrin V, Mammano F, Albert M, Schwartz O. P10-04. Mechanisms of HIV-1 detection by plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Retrovirology 2009. [PMCID: PMC2767621 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-s3-p135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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Brandler S, Desdouits M, Ceccaldi P, Lévy Y, Schwartz O, Moris A. P19-19. MVA vaccines are efficiently cross-presented by DCs and do not enhance HIV replication in DC/T cell cultures. Retrovirology 2009. [PMCID: PMC2767847 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-s3-p339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Elpers C, Stupp N, Grenzebach U, Niederstadt T, Allkemper T, Fiedler B, Schwartz O, Täuber A, Kurlemann G. Ist eine isolierte Neuritis N. optici im Kindesalter ein Prädiktor für eine Multiple Sklerose im Erwachsenenalter? Akt Neurol 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1238783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Borchert A, Schwartz O, Kurlemann G, Young P, Schilling M. Diagnostischer Nutzen der hochauflösenden Nervensonografie versus Neurografie bei Kindern mit der Erkrankung Charcot-Marie-Tooth Typ 1A. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1216137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Borchert A, Schwartz O, Kurlemann G, Young P, Schilling M. Diagnostischer Nutzen hochauflösender Nervensonographie versus Neurographie bei der hereditären Polyneuropathie Typ I (CMT1A). Akt Neurol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1086577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ralston E, Swaim B, Czapiga M, Hwu WL, Chien YH, Pittis MG, Bembi B, Schwartz O, Plotz P, Raben N. Detection and imaging of non-contractile inclusions and sarcomeric anomalies in skeletal muscle by second harmonic generation combined with two-photon excited fluorescence. J Struct Biol 2008; 162:500-8. [PMID: 18468456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2008.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2008] [Accepted: 03/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The large size of the multinucleated muscle fibers of skeletal muscle makes their examination for structural and pathological defects a challenge. Sections and single fibers are accessible to antibodies and other markers but imaging of such samples does not provide a three-dimensional view of the muscle. Regrettably, bundles of fibers cannot be stained or imaged easily. Two-photon microscopy techniques overcome these obstacles. Second harmonic generation (SHG) by myosin filaments and two-photon excited fluorescence (2PEF) of mitochondrial and lysosomal components provides detailed structural information on unstained tissue. Furthermore, the infrared exciting light can penetrate several layers of muscle fibers and the minimal processing is particularly valuable for fragile biopsies. Here we demonstrate the usefulness of SHG, combined with 2PEF, to reveal enlarged lysosomes and accumulations of non-contractile material in muscles from the mouse model for the lysosomal storage disorder Pompe disease (PD), and in biopsies from adult and infant PD patients. SHG and 2PEF also detect sarcomeric defects that may presage the loss of myofibrils in atrophying muscle and signify loss of elasticity. The combination of SHG and 2PEF should be useful in the analysis and diagnosis of a wide range of skeletal muscle pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ralston
- Light Imaging Section, Office of Science and Technology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, Room 1535, Bethesda, MD 20892-8023, USA.
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Farrelly S, Harris MG, Henry LP, Purcell R, Prosser A, Schwartz O, Jackson H, McGorry PD. Prevalence and correlates of comorbidity 8 years after a first psychotic episode. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2007; 116:62-70. [PMID: 17559602 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00922.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While rates and correlates of comorbidity have been investigated in the early course of psychosis, little is known about comorbidity in the medium-to-longer term or its relationship with outcome. METHOD A total of 182 first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients who met DSM-IV criteria for a current psychotic disorder 8 years after index presentation were grouped according to concurrent comorbidity [no concurrent axis I disorder; concurrent substance use disorder (SUD); other concurrent axis I disorder; concurrent SUD and other axis I disorder]. Outcomes were compared between groups controlling for relevant covariates. RESULTS As much as 39% met criteria for one or more concurrent axis 1 diagnoses. Comorbidity was associated with greater severity of general psychopathology, but not with measures of functioning, treatment or negative symptoms. CONCLUSION Specific combinations of comorbid disorders may influence patterns of psychotic symptomatology. Routine examination of axis I disorders is warranted in the ongoing management of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Farrelly
- ORYGEN Research Centre & Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Thiex R, Schwartz O, Krings T, Rohde V. ID: 145 Minor Edema Formation after DSPA-induced Clot Lysis of Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhages. J Thromb Haemost 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2006.00145.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Stein M, Navon-Venezia S, Chmelnitsky I, Kohelet D, Schwartz O, Agmon O, Somekh E. An outbreak of new, nonmultidrug-resistant, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain (sccmec type iiia variant-1) in the neonatal intensive care unit transmitted by a staff member. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2006; 25:557-9. [PMID: 16732157 DOI: 10.1097/01.inf.0000219407.31195.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain was recovered in a neonatal intensive care unit from 3 blood and 3 sputum specimens with antibiotic susceptibility profile characteristic of community-acquired MRSA. Epidemiologic survey resulted in isolation of an identical strain from the nares of one nurse. All isolates carried a new SCCmec type IIIA variant. Treatment of the nurse with topical mupirocin resulted in cessation of the outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Stein
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
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