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Kumar J, Saini DK, Kumar A, Kumari S, Gahlaut V, Rahim MS, Pandey AK, Garg M, Roy J. Biofortification of Triticum species: a stepping stone to combat malnutrition. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:668. [PMID: 39004715 PMCID: PMC11247745 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biofortification represents a promising and sustainable strategy for mitigating global nutrient deficiencies. However, its successful implementation poses significant challenges. Among staple crops, wheat emerges as a prime candidate to address these nutritional gaps. Wheat biofortification offers a robust approach to enhance wheat cultivars by elevating the micronutrient levels in grains, addressing one of the most crucial global concerns in the present era. MAIN TEXT Biofortification is a promising, but complex avenue, with numerous limitations and challenges to face. Notably, micronutrients such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), and copper (Cu) can significantly impact human health. Improving Fe, Zn, Se, and Cu contents in wheat could be therefore relevant to combat malnutrition. In this review, particular emphasis has been placed on understanding the extent of genetic variability of micronutrients in diverse Triticum species, along with their associated mechanisms of uptake, translocation, accumulation and different classical to advanced approaches for wheat biofortification. CONCLUSIONS By delving into micronutrient variability in Triticum species and their associated mechanisms, this review underscores the potential for targeted wheat biofortification. By integrating various approaches, from conventional breeding to modern biotechnological interventions, the path is paved towards enhancing the nutritional value of this vital crop, promising a brighter and healthier future for global food security and human well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali-140306, Mohali, Punjab, India.
| | - Dinesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali-140306, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Supriya Kumari
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Vijay Gahlaut
- Department of Biotechnology, University Center for Research and Development Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Mohammed Saba Rahim
- CSIR - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Pandey
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali-140306, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Monika Garg
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali-140306, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Joy Roy
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali-140306, Mohali, Punjab, India.
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Duan X, Liu L, Lu T, Wang S, Wang C, Qiu G. Mechanism for Fe(III) to decrease cadmium uptake of wheat plant: Rhizosphere passivation, competitive absorption and physiological regulation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 931:172907. [PMID: 38703846 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
The presence of dissolved Fe(III) and Fe(III)-containing minerals has been found to alleviate cadmium (Cd) accumulation in wheat plants grown in Cd-contaminated soils, but the specific mechanism remains elusive. In this work, hydroponic experiments were conducted to dissect the mechanism for dissolved Fe(III) (0-2000 μmol L-1) to decrease Cd uptake of wheat plants and study the influence of Fe(III) concentration and Cd(II) pollution level (0-20 μmol L-1) on the Cd uptake process. The results indicated that dissolved Fe(III) significantly decreased Cd uptake through rhizosphere passivation, competitive absorption, and physiological regulation. The formation of poorly crystalline Fe(III) oxides facilitated the adsorption and immobilization of Cd(II) on the rhizoplane (over 80.4 %). In wheat rhizosphere, the content of CaCl2-extractable Cd decreased by 52.7 % when Fe(III) concentration was controlled at 2000 μmol L-1, and the presence of Fe(III) may reduce the formation of Cd(II)-organic acid complexes (including malic acid and succinic acid secreted by wheat roots), which could be attributed to competitive reactions. Down-regulation of Cd uptake genes (TaNramp5-a and TaNramp5-b) and transport genes (TaHMA3-a, TaHMA3-b and TaHMA2), along with up-regulation of the Cd efflux gene TaPDR8-4A7A, contributed much to the reduction of Cd accumulation in wheat plants in the presence of Fe(III). The inhibitory effect of Fe(III) on Cd uptake and transport in wheat plants declined with increasing Cd(II) concentration, particularly at 20 μmol L-1. This work provides important implications for remediating Cd-contaminated farmland soil and ensuring the safe production of wheat by using dissolved Fe(III) and Fe(III)-containing minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjie Duan
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Tao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Sheliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agriculture Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Guohong Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agriculture Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Shenzhen 518000, China.
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3
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Meena V, Kaur G, Joon R, Shukla V, Choudhary P, Roy JK, Singh B, Pandey AK. Transcriptome and biochemical analysis in hexaploid wheat with contrasting tolerance to iron deficiency pinpoints multi-layered molecular process. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108336. [PMID: 38245990 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential plant nutrient that is indispensable for many physiological activities. This study is an effort to identify the molecular and biochemical basis of wheat genotypes with contrasting tolerance towards Fe deficiency. Our physiological experiments performed at the early growth stage in cv. Kanchan (KAN) showed Fe deficiency tolerance, whereas cv. PBW343 (PBW) was susceptible. Under Fe deficient condition, KAN showed delayed chlorosis, high SPAD values, and low malondialdehyde content compared to PBW, indicative of Fe deficient condition. Comparative shoot transcriptomics revealed increased expression of photosynthetic pathway genes in PBW, further suggesting its sensitivity to Fe fluctuations. Under Fe deficiency, both the cultivars showed distinct molecular re-arrangements such as high expression of genes involved in Fe uptake (including membrane transporters) and its remobilization. Specifically, in KAN these changes lead to high root phytosiderophores (PS) biosynthesis and its release, resulting in enhanced Fe translocation index. Utilizing the non-transgenic TILLING (Targeting Induced Lesions in Genomes) technology, we identified TaZIFL4.2D as a putative PS efflux transporter. Characterization of the wheat TILLING lines indicated that TaZIFL4.2 functions in PS release and Fe acquisition, thereby imparting tolerance to Fe deficiency. Altogether, this work highlights the mechanistic insight into Fe deficiency tolerance of hexaploid wheat, thus enabling breeders to select suitable genotypes to utilize nutrients for maximum yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Meena
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (Department of Biotechnology), Sector 81, Knowledge City, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India; Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad 121001, India
| | - Gazaldeep Kaur
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (Department of Biotechnology), Sector 81, Knowledge City, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Riya Joon
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (Department of Biotechnology), Sector 81, Knowledge City, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Vishnu Shukla
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati, India
| | - Promila Choudhary
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (Department of Biotechnology), Sector 81, Knowledge City, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Joy K Roy
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (Department of Biotechnology), Sector 81, Knowledge City, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- Nutrio-Physiology and Radiation Biology Laboratory, Division of Environment Science, ICAR-Indian Agriculture Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Ajay K Pandey
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (Department of Biotechnology), Sector 81, Knowledge City, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India.
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Müller B. Iron transport mechanisms and their evolution focusing on chloroplasts. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 288:154059. [PMID: 37586271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential element for photosynthetic organisms, required for several vital biological functions. Photosynthesis, which takes place in the chloroplasts of higher plants, is the major Fe consumer. Although the components of the root Fe uptake system in dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants have been extensively studied, the Fe transport mechanisms of chloroplasts in these two groups of plants have received little attention. This review focuses on the comparative analysis of Fe transport processes in the evolutionary ancestors of chloroplasts (cyanobacteria) with the processes in embryophytes and green algae (Viridiplantae). The aim is to summarize how chloroplasts are integrated into cellular Fe homeostasis and how Fe transporters and Fe transport mechanisms have been modified by evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitta Müller
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary.
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5
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Navea IP, Maung PP, Yang S, Han JH, Jing W, Shin NH, Zhang W, Chin JH. A meta-QTL analysis highlights genomic hotspots associated with phosphorus use efficiency in rice ( Oryza sativa L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1226297. [PMID: 37662146 PMCID: PMC10471825 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1226297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) is a complex trait, governed by many minor quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with small effects. Advances in molecular marker technology have led to the identification of QTLs underlying PUE. However, their practical use in breeding programs remains challenging due to the unstable effects in different genetic backgrounds and environments, interaction with soil status, and linkage drag. Here, we compiled PUE QTL information from 16 independent studies. A total of 192 QTLs were subjected to meta-QTL (MQTL) analysis and were projected into a high-density SNP consensus map. A total of 60 MQTLs, with significantly reduced number of initial QTLs and confidence intervals (CI), were identified across the rice genome. Candidate gene (CG) mining was carried out for the 38 MQTLs supported by multiple QTLs from at least two independent studies. Genes related to amino and organic acid transport and auxin response were found to be abundant in the MQTLs linked to PUE. CGs were cross validated using a root transcriptome database (RiceXPro) and haplotype analysis. This led to the identification of the eight CGs (OsARF8, OsSPX-MFS3, OsRING141, OsMIOX, HsfC2b, OsFER2, OsWRKY64, and OsYUCCA11) modulating PUE. Potential donors for superior PUE CG haplotypes were identified through haplotype analysis. The distribution of superior haplotypes varied among subspecies being mostly found in indica but were largely scarce in japonica. Our study offers an insight on the complex genetic networks that modulate PUE in rice. The MQTLs, CGs, and superior CG haplotypes identified in our study are useful in the combination of beneficial alleles for PUE in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Paul Navea
- Food Crops Molecular Breeding Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biological Sciences and Industry, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Convergence Research Center for Natural Products, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Phyu Phyu Maung
- Food Crops Molecular Breeding Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biological Sciences and Industry, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Convergence Research Center for Natural Products, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shiyi Yang
- College of Life Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jae-Hyuk Han
- Food Crops Molecular Breeding Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biological Sciences and Industry, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- The International Rice Research Institute-Korea Office, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Iseo-myeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wen Jing
- College of Life Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na-Hyun Shin
- Food Crops Molecular Breeding Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biological Sciences and Industry, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Convergence Research Center for Natural Products, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Joong Hyoun Chin
- Food Crops Molecular Breeding Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biological Sciences and Industry, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Convergence Research Center for Natural Products, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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6
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Liu W, Ji X, Cao H, Huo C, He L, Peng X, Yang Y, Yang F, Xiong S. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Effect of miR156a Overexpression on Mineral Nutrient Homeostasis in Nicotiana tabacum. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091739. [PMID: 37176797 PMCID: PMC10181358 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Mineral nutrition plays an important role in crop growth, yield and quality. MiR156 is a regulatory hub for growth and development. To date, the understanding of miR156-mediated mineral homeostasis is limited. In this study, we overexpressed Nta-miR156a in the tobacco cultivar TN90 and analyzed the effects of miR156 on mineral element homeostasis in tobacco by comparative transcriptome analysis. The results showed that the overexpression of miR156a caused significant morphological changes in transgenic tobacco. Chlorophyll and three anti-resistance markers, proline, total phenolics, and total flavonoids, were altered due to increased miR156 expression levels. Interestingly, the distribution of Cu, Mn, Zn, and Fe in different tissues of transgenic tobacco was disordered compared with that of the wild type. Comparative transcriptome analysis showed that the overexpression of miR156 resulted in 2656 significantly differentially expressed genes. The expression levels of several metal-transport-related genes, such as NtABC, NtZIP, NtHMA, and NtCAX, were significantly increased or decreased in transgenic tobacco. These results suggest that miR156 plays an essential role in regulating mineral homeostasis. Our study provides a new perspective for the further study of mineral nutrient homeostasis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xue Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Hanping Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Chunsong Huo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Linshen He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xiang Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Ya Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Fang Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Shu Xiong
- Department of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 404120, China
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Su J, Yao Z, Wu Y, Lee J, Jeong J. Minireview: Chromatin-based regulation of iron homeostasis in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:959840. [PMID: 36186078 PMCID: PMC9523571 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.959840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plants utilize delicate mechanisms to effectively respond to changes in the availability of nutrients such as iron. The responses to iron status involve controlling gene expression at multiple levels. The regulation of iron deficiency response by a network of transcriptional regulators has been extensively studied and recent research has shed light on post-translational control of iron homeostasis. Although not as considerably investigated, an increasing number of studies suggest that histone modification and DNA methylation play critical roles during iron deficiency and contribute to fine-tuning iron homeostasis in plants. This review will focus on the current understanding of chromatin-based regulation on iron homeostasis in plants highlighting recent studies in Arabidopsis and rice. Understanding iron homeostasis in plants is vital, as it is not only relevant to fundamental biological questions, but also to agriculture, biofortification, and human health. A comprehensive overview of the effect and mechanism of chromatin-based regulation in response to iron status will ultimately provide critical insights in elucidating the complexities of iron homeostasis and contribute to improving iron nutrition in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Su
- Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Zhujun Yao
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
| | - Yixuan Wu
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
| | - Joohyun Lee
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
| | - Jeeyon Jeong
- Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, MA, United States
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Kenzhebayeva S, Atabayeva S, Sarsu F, Abekova A, Shoinbekova S, Omirbekova N, Doktyrbay G, Beisenova A, Shavrukov Y. Organ-specific expression of genes involved in iron homeostasis in wheat mutant lines with increased grain iron and zinc content. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13515. [PMID: 35707120 PMCID: PMC9190668 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Iron deficiency is a well-known nutritional disorder, and the imbalance of trace-elements, specifically iron, is the most common nutrient deficiency of foods across the world, including in Kazakhstan. Wheat has significant nutritional relevance, especially in the provision of iron, however many bread wheat varieties have low iron despite the need for human nourishment. In this study, the expression profiles of wheat homologous genes related to iron homeostasis were investigated. The work resulted in the development of two new M5 mutant lines of spring bread wheat through gamma-irradiation (200 Gy) with higher grain iron and zinc content, lower phytic acid content, and enhanced iron bioavailability compared to the parent variety. Mutant lines were also characterized by higher means of yield associated traits such as grain number per main spike, grain weight per main spike, grain weight per plant, and thousand-grain weight. Methods The homologous genes of bread wheat from several groups were selected for gene expression studies exploring the tight control of iron uptake, translocation rate and accumulation in leaves and roots, and comprised the following: (1) S-adenosylmethionine synthase (SAMS), nicotianamine synthase (NAS1), nicotianamine aminotransferase (NAAT), deoxymugineic acid synthetase (DMAS), involved in the synthesis and release of phytosiderophores; (2) transcription factor basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH); (3) transporters of mugineic acid (TOM), involved in long-distance iron transport; (4) yellow stripe-like (YSlA), and the vacuolar transporter (VIT2), involved in intracellular iron transport and storage; and lastly (5) natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (NRAMP) and ferritin (Fer1A). Results The wheat homologous genes TaSAMS, TaNAS1, and TaDMAS, were significantly up-regulated in the roots of both mutant lines by 2.1-4.7-fold compared to the parent variety. The combined over-expression of TaYSlA and TaVIT2 was also revealed in the roots of mutant lines by 1.3-2.7-fold. In one of the mutant lines, genes encoding intracellular iron transport and storage genes TaNRAMP and TaFer1A-D showed significant up-regulation in roots and leaves (by 1.4- and 3.5-fold, respectively). The highest expression was recorded in the transcription factor TabHLH, which was expressed 13.1- and 30.2-fold in the roots of mutant lines. Our research revealed that genotype-dependent and organ-specific gene expression profiles can provide new insights into iron uptake, translocation rate, storage, and regulation in wheat which aid the prioritization of gene targets for iron biofortification and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saule Kenzhebayeva
- Department of Biotechnology/Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Saule Atabayeva
- Department of Biotechnology/Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Fatma Sarsu
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alfiya Abekova
- Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing, Almaty Region, Kazakhstan
| | - Sabina Shoinbekova
- Department of Biotechnology/Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Nargul Omirbekova
- Department of Biotechnology/Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Gulina Doktyrbay
- Department of Biotechnology/Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Aizhan Beisenova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Yuri Shavrukov
- College of Science and Engineering (Biological Sciences), Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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9
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Wani SH, Gaikwad K, Razzaq A, Samantara K, Kumar M, Govindan V. Improving Zinc and Iron Biofortification in Wheat through Genomics Approaches. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:8007-8023. [PMID: 35661970 PMCID: PMC9165711 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07326-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Globally, about 20% of calories (energy) come from wheat. In some countries, it is more than 70%. More than 2 billion people are at risk for zinc deficiency and even more, people are at risk of iron deficiency, nearly a quarter of all children underage group of 5 are physically and cognitively stunted, and lack of dietary zinc is a major contributing factor. Biofortified wheat with elevated levels of zinc and iron has several potential advantages as a delivery vehicle for micronutrients in the diets of resource-poor consumers who depend on cereal-based diets. The conventional breeding strategies have been successful in the introduction of novel alleles for grain Zn and Fe that led to the release of competitive Zn enriched wheat varieties in South Asia. The major challenge over the next few decades will be to maintain the rates of genetic gains for grain yield along with increased grain Zn/Fe concentration to meet the food and nutritional security challenges. Therefore, to remain competitive, the performance of Zn-enhanced lines/varieties must be equal or superior to that of current non-biofortified elite lines/varieties. Since both yield and Zn content are invisible and quantitatively inherited traits except few intermediate effect QTL regions identified for grain Zn, increased breeding efforts and new approaches are required to combine them at high frequency, ensuring that Zn levels are steadily increased to the required levels across the breeding pipelines. The current review article provides a comprehensive list of genomic regions for enhancing grain Zn and Fe concentrations in wheat including key candidate gene families such NAS, ZIP, VLT, ZIFL, and YSL. Implementing forward breeding by taking advantage of the rapid cycling trait pipeline approaches would simultaneously introgress high Zn and Fe QTL into the high Zn and normal elite lines, further increasing Zn and Fe concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabir Hussain Wani
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, 192102 Khudwani, J&K India
| | - Kiran Gaikwad
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, 110012 New Delhi, India
| | - Ali Razzaq
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38040 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kajal Samantara
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Centurion University of Technology and Management, 761211 Odisha, India
| | - Manjeet Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, 110012 New Delhi, India
| | - Velu Govindan
- Global Wheat Program International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center Texcoco Mexico, Texcoco, Mexico
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Kumar A, Kaur G, Singh P, Meena V, Sharma S, Tiwari M, Bauer P, Pandey AK. Strategies and Bottlenecks in Hexaploid Wheat to Mobilize Soil Iron to Grains. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:863849. [PMID: 35574143 PMCID: PMC9100831 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.863849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Our knowledge of iron (Fe) uptake and mobilization in plants is mainly based on Arabidopsis and rice. Although multiple players of Fe homeostasis have been elucidated, there is a significant gap in our understanding of crop species, such as wheat. It is, therefore, imperative not only to understand the different hurdles for Fe enrichment in tissues but also to address specifically the knowns/unknowns involved in the plausible mechanism of Fe sensing, signaling, transport, and subsequent storage in plants. In the present review, a unique perspective has been described in light of recent knowledge generated in wheat, an economically important crop. The strategies to boost efficient Fe uptake, transcriptional regulation, and long-distance mobilization in grains have been discussed, emphasizing recent biotechnological routes to load Fe in grains. This article also highlights the new elements of physiological and molecular genetics that underpin the mechanistic insight for the identified Fe-related genes and discusses the bottlenecks in unloading the Fe in grains. The information presented here will provide much-needed resources and directions to overcome challenges and design efficient strategies to enhance the Fe density in wheat grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Gazaldeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Palvinder Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Varsha Meena
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Shivani Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Manish Tiwari
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Petra Bauer
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ajay Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
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11
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Genome-wide identification, characterization and relative expression analysis of putative iron homeostasis genes: NAS, NAAT, and DMAS in hexaploid wheat and its progenitors. J Cereal Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2022.103446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Meena V, Sharma S, Kaur G, Singh B, Pandey AK. Diverse Functions of Plant Zinc-Induced Facilitator-like Transporter for Their Emerging Roles in Crop Trait Enhancement. PLANTS 2021; 11:plants11010102. [PMID: 35009105 PMCID: PMC8747725 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The major facilitator superfamily (MFS) is a large and diverse group of secondary transporters found across all kingdoms of life. Zinc-induced facilitator-like (ZIFL) transporters are the MFS family members that function as exporters driven by the antiporter-dependent processes. The presence of multiple ZIFL transporters was shown in various plant species, as well as in bryophytes. However, only a few ZIFLs have been functionally characterized in plants, and their localization has been suggested to be either on tonoplast or at the plasma membrane. A subset of the plant ZIFLs were eventually characterized as transporters due to their specialized role in phytosiderophores efflux and auxin homeostasis, and they were also proven to impart tolerance to micronutrient deficiency. The emerging functions of ZIFL proteins highlight their role in addressing important traits in crop species. This review aims to provide insight into and discuss the importance of plant ZIFL in various tissue-specific functions. Furthermore, a spotlight is placed on their role in mobilizing essential micronutrients, including iron and zinc, from the rhizosphere to support plant survival. In conclusion, in this paper, we discuss the functional redundancy of ZIFL transporters to understand their roles in developing specific traits in crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Meena
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar 140306, India; (V.M.); (S.S.); (G.K.)
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad 121001, India
| | - Shivani Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar 140306, India; (V.M.); (S.S.); (G.K.)
| | - Gazaldeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar 140306, India; (V.M.); (S.S.); (G.K.)
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi 110002, India;
| | - Ajay Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar 140306, India; (V.M.); (S.S.); (G.K.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +91-1724990124
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13
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Harnessing the Wild Relatives and Landraces for Fe and Zn Biofortification in Wheat through Genetic Interventions—A Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132312975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Micronutrient deficiencies, particularly iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), in human diets are affecting over three billion people globally, especially in developing nations where diet is cereal-based. Wheat is one of several important cereal crops that provide food calories to nearly one-third of the population of the world. However, the bioavailability of Zn and Fe in wheat is inherently low, especially under Zn deficient soils. Although various fortification approaches are available, biofortification, i.e., development of mineral-enriched cultivars, is an efficient and sustainable approach to alleviate malnutrition. There is enormous variability in Fe and Zn in wheat germplasm, especially in wild relatives, but this is not utilized to the full extent. Grain Fe and Zn are quantitatively inherited, but high-heritability and genetic correlation at multiple locations indicate the high stability of Fe and Zn in wheat. In the last decade, pre-breeding activities have explored the potential of wild relatives to develop Fe and Zn rich wheat varieties. Furthermore, recent advances in molecular biology have improved the understanding of the uptake, storage, and bioavailability of Fe and Zn. Various transportation proteins encoding genes like YSL 2, IRT 1, OsNAS 3, VIT 1, and VIT 2 have been identified for Fe and Zn uptake, transfer, and accumulation at different developing stages. Hence, the availability of major genomic regions for Fe and Zn content and genome editing technologies are likely to result in high-yielding Fe and Zn biofortified wheat varieties. This review covers the importance of wheat wild relatives for Fe and Zn biofortification, progress in genomics-assisted breeding, and transgenic breeding for improving Fe and Zn content in wheat.
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14
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Prity SA, El-Shehawi AM, Elseehy MM, Tahura S, Kabir AH. Early-stage iron deficiency alters physiological processes and iron transporter expression, along with photosynthetic and oxidative damage to sorghum. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:4770-4777. [PMID: 34354465 PMCID: PMC8324970 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron (Fe) starvation in Strategy II plants is a major nutritional problem causing severe visual symptoms and yield reductions. This prompted us to investigate the physiological and molecular consequences of Fe deficiency responses at an early stage in sorghum plants. The Fe-starved sorghum did not show shoot biomass reduction, but the root length, biomass, and chlorophyll synthesis were severely affected. The chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis showed that the quantum yield efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and photosynthesis performance index (Pi_ABS) in young leaves significantly reduced in response to low Fe. Besides, Fe concentration in root and shoot significantly declined in Fe-starved plants relative to Fe-sufficient plants. Accordingly, this Fe reduction in tissues was accompanied by a marked decrease in PS-release in roots. The qPCR experiment showed the downregulation of SbDMAS2 (deoxymugineic acid synthase 2), SbNAS3 (nicotianamine synthase 3), and SbYSL1 (Fe-phytosiderophore transporter yellow stripe 1) in Fe-deprived roots, suggesting that decreased rhizosphere mobilization of Fe(III)-PS contributes to reduced uptake and long-distance transport of Fe. The cis-acting elements of these gene promoters are commonly responsive to abscisic acid and methyl jasmonate, while SbYSL1 additionally responsive to salicylic acid. Further, antioxidant defense either through metabolites or antioxidant enzymes is not efficient in counteracting oxidative damage in Fe-deprived sorghum. These findings may be beneficial for the improvement of sorghum genotypes sensitive to Fe-deficiency through breeding or transgenic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Akter Prity
- Molecular Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Ahmed M El-Shehawi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona M Elseehy
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sharaban Tahura
- Molecular Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Ahmad Humayan Kabir
- Molecular Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
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15
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Annotation and Molecular Characterisation of the TaIRO3 and TaHRZ Iron Homeostasis Genes in Bread Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050653. [PMID: 33925484 PMCID: PMC8146704 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective maintenance of plant iron (Fe) homoeostasis relies on a network of transcription factors (TFs) that respond to environmental conditions and regulate Fe uptake, translocation, and storage. The iron-related transcription factor 3 (IRO3), as well as haemerythrin motif-containing really interesting new gene (RING) protein and zinc finger protein (HRZ), are major regulators of Fe homeostasis in diploid species like Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and rice (Oryza sativa L.), but remain uncharacterised in hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this study, we have identified, annotated, and characterised three TaIRO3 homoeologs and six TaHRZ1 and TaHRZ2 homoeologs in the bread wheat genome. Protein analysis revealed that TaIRO3 and TaHRZ proteins contain functionally conserved domains for DNA-binding, dimerisation, Fe binding, or polyubiquitination, and phylogenetic analysis revealed clustering of TaIRO3 and TaHRZ proteins with other monocot IRO3 and HRZ proteins, respectively. Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR analysis revealed that all TaIRO3 and TaHRZ homoeologs have unique tissue expression profiles and are upregulated in shoot tissues in response to Fe deficiency. After 24 h of Fe deficiency, the expression of TaHRZ homoeologs was upregulated, while the expression of TaIRO3 homoeologs was unchanged, suggesting that TaHRZ functions upstream of TaIRO3 in the wheat Fe homeostasis TF network.
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16
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Nakib D, Slatni T, Di Foggia M, Rombolà AD, Abdelly C. Changes in organic compounds secreted by roots in two Poaceae species (Hordeum vulgare and Polypogon monspenliensis) subjected to iron deficiency. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2021; 134:151-163. [PMID: 33411147 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-020-01237-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite their economic and ecological interests, Poaceae are affected by the low availability of iron in calcareous soils. Several studies focused on the capacity of this family to secrete phytosiderophores and organic acids as a mechanism of tolerance to iron deficiency. This work aimed at studying the physiological responses of two Poaceae species; Hordeum vulgare (cultivated barley) and Polypogon monspenliensis (spontaneous species) to iron deficiency, and evaluate especially the release of phytosiderophores and organic acids. For this purpose, seedlings of these two species were cultivated in complete nutrient solution with or without iron. The biomass production, iron status, phytosiderophores and organic acids release by roots were studied. The results demonstrated that Polypogon monspenliensis was relatively more tolerant to iron deficiency than Hordeum vulgare. Polypogon monspenliensis had the ability to secrete a higher amount of phytosiderophores and organic acids, especially citric, acetic, oxalic and malic acids, compared to Hordeum vulgare. We propose this spontaneous species as a forage plant in calcareous soils and in intercropping systems with fruit trees to prevent iron chlorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorsaf Nakib
- Laboratoire Des Plantes Extrêmophiles (LPE), Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj Cedria (CBBC), BP 901, 2050, Hammam Lif, Tunisie
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Bologne, Viale Fanin 44, 40127, Bologne, Italy
- Faculté Des Sciences de Bizerte (FSB), Département de Biologie, Université de Carthage (UCAR), Avenue de la République, BP 77-1054, Amilcar, Tunisie
| | - Tarek Slatni
- Laboratoire Des Plantes Extrêmophiles (LPE), Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj Cedria (CBBC), BP 901, 2050, Hammam Lif, Tunisie.
- Faculté Des Sciences de Tunis (FST), Département de Biologie, Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM), 1060, Tunis, Tunisie.
| | - Michele Di Foggia
- Faculté Des Sciences de Bizerte (FSB), Département de Biologie, Université de Carthage (UCAR), Avenue de la République, BP 77-1054, Amilcar, Tunisie
| | - Adamo Domenico Rombolà
- Faculté Des Sciences de Bizerte (FSB), Département de Biologie, Université de Carthage (UCAR), Avenue de la République, BP 77-1054, Amilcar, Tunisie
| | - Chedly Abdelly
- Laboratoire Des Plantes Extrêmophiles (LPE), Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj Cedria (CBBC), BP 901, 2050, Hammam Lif, Tunisie
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17
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Gupta PK, Balyan HS, Sharma S, Kumar R. Biofortification and bioavailability of Zn, Fe and Se in wheat: present status and future prospects. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:1-35. [PMID: 33136168 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03709-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of genetic variation, genetics, physiology/molecular basis and breeding (including biotechnological approaches) for biofortification and bioavailability for Zn, Fe and Se will help in developing nutritionally improved wheat. Biofortification of wheat cultivars for micronutrients is a priority research area for wheat geneticists and breeders. It is known that during breeding of wheat cultivars for productivity and quality, a loss of grain micronutrient contents occurred, leading to decline in nutritional quality of wheat grain. Keeping this in view, major efforts have been made during the last two decades for achieving biofortification and bioavailability of wheat grain for micronutrients including Zn, Fe and Se. The studies conducted so far included evaluation of gene pools for contents of not only grain micronutrients as above, but also for phytic acid (PA) or phytate and phytase, so that, while breeding for the micronutrients, bioavailability is also improved. For this purpose, QTL interval mapping and GWAS were carried out to identify QTLs/genes and associated markers that were subsequently used for marker-assisted selection (MAS) during breeding for biofortification. Studies have also been conducted to understand the physiology and molecular basis of biofortification, which also allowed identification of genes for uptake, transport and storage of micronutrients. Transgenics using transgenes have also been produced. The breeding efforts led to the development of at least a dozen cultivars with improved contents of grain micronutrients, although land area occupied by these biofortified cultivars is still marginal. In this review, the available information on different aspects of biofortification and bioavailability of micronutrients including Zn, Fe and Se in wheat has been reviewed for the benefit of those, who plan to start work or already conducting research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Gupta
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, U.P, 250004, India.
| | - H S Balyan
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, U.P, 250004, India
| | - Shailendra Sharma
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, U.P, 250004, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, U.P, 250004, India
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18
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Wang M, Gong J, Bhullar NK. Iron deficiency triggered transcriptome changes in bread wheat. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:2709-2722. [PMID: 33101609 PMCID: PMC7550799 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of complex transport, storage and regulation mechanisms control iron metabolism and thereby maintain iron homeostasis in plants. Despite several studies on iron deficiency responses in different plant species, these mechanisms remain unclear in the allohexaploid wheat, which is the most widely cultivated commercial crop. We used RNA sequencing to reveal transcriptomic changes in the wheat flag leaves and roots, when subjected to iron limited conditions. We identified 5969 and 2591 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the flag leaves and roots, respectively. Genes involved in the synthesis of iron ligands i.e., nicotianamine (NA) and deoxymugineic acid (DMA) were significantly up-regulated during iron deficiency. In total, 337 and 635 genes encoding transporters exhibited altered expression in roots and flag leaves, respectively. Several genes related to MAJOR FACILITATOR SUPERFAMILY (MFS), ATP-BINDING CASSETTE (ABC) transporter superfamily, NATURAL RESISTANCE ASSOCIATED MACROPHAGE PROTEIN (NRAMP) family and OLIGOPEPTIDE TRANSPORTER (OPT) family were regulated, indicating their important roles in combating iron deficiency stress. Among the regulatory factors, the genes encoding for transcription factors of BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX (bHLH) family were highly up-regulated in both roots and the flag leaves. The jasmonate biosynthesis pathway was significantly altered but with notable expression differences between roots and flag leaves. Homoeologs expression and induction bias analysis revealed subgenome specific differential expression. Our findings provide an integrated overview on regulated molecular processes in response to iron deficiency stress in wheat. This information could potentially serve as a guideline for breeding iron deficiency stress tolerant crops as well as for designing appropriate wheat iron biofortification strategies.
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Key Words
- 3-HMA, 3-hydroxymugineic acid
- ABC, ATP-BINDING CASSETTE
- ACC, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate
- AEC, AUXIN EFFLUX CARRIER
- AOC, ALLENE OXIDE CYCLASE
- AOS, ALLENE OXIDE SYNTHASE
- AQP, AQUAPORIN
- AVA, avenic acid
- DEGs, differentially expressed genes
- DMA, deoxymugineic acid
- DMAS, DEOXYMUGINEIC ACID SYNTHASE
- DPA, days post anthesis
- ERF, ETHYLENE-RESPONSIVE FACTOR
- FAD, FATTY ACID DESATURASE
- FDR, false discovery rate
- FIT, FER-LIKE IRON DEFICIENCY-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR
- FRO, FERRIC REDUCTASE OXIDASE
- GCN, gene co-expression network
- GO, Gene ontology
- GSH, GLUTATHIONE
- HC, high confidence
- HMA, HEAVY METAL-ASSOCIATED
- IDE, iron deficiency-responsive cis-acting element
- IDEF, IDE BINDING FACTOR
- IHW, independent hypothesis weighting
- ILR3, IAA‐LEUCINE RESISTANT3
- IREG/FPN, IRON REGULATED PROTEIN/FERROPORTIN
- IRT1, IRON-REGULATED TRANSPORTER
- Iron deficiency
- Iron, Fe
- JAs, jasmonates
- JMT, JASMONATE O-METHYLTRANSFERASE
- KAT, 3-KETOACYL-COA THIOLASE
- LOX, LIPOXYGENASE
- MA, mugineic acid
- MATE, MULTI ANTIMICROBIAL EXTRUSION PROTEIN
- MFS, MAJOR FACILITATOR SUPERFAMILY
- MRP, MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE PROTEIN
- MT, METALLOTHIONEIN
- NA, nicotianamine
- NAAT, NICOTIANAMINE AMINOTRANSFERASE
- NAC, NO APICAL MERISTEM (NAM)/ARABIDOPSIS TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATION FACTOR (ATAF)/CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON (CUC)
- NAS, NICOTIANAMINE SYNTHASE
- NRAMP, NATURAL RESISTANCE ASSOCIATED MACROPHAGE PROTEIN
- NRT1/PTR, NITRATE TRANSPORTER 1/PEPTIDE TRANSPORTER
- OPCL, 4-COUMARATE COA LIGASE
- OPR, 12-OXOPHYTODIENOATE REDUCTASE
- OPT, OLIGOPEPTIDE TRANSPORTER
- PDR, PLEIOTROPIC DRUG RESISTANCE
- PLA, PHOSPHOLIPASE A1
- PRI, POSITIVE REGULATOR OF IRON DEFICIENCY RESPONSE
- PSs, phytosiderophores
- PT, peptide transport
- PYE, POPEYE
- RNA sequencing
- SAM, S-adenosyl-L-methionine
- SAMS, S-ADENOSYL-L-METHIONINE SYNTHETASE
- SLC40A1, SOLUTE CARRIER FAMILY 40 MEMBER 1
- SWEET, SUGARS WILL EVENTUALLY BE EXPORTED TRANSPORTERS
- TOM, TRANSPORTER OF MUGINEIC ACID
- Transcriptomic profiles
- VIT, VACUOLAR IRON TRANSPORTER
- Wheat
- YSL, YELLOW STRIPE LIKE
- ZIFL, ZINC INDUCED FACILITATOR-LIKE
- ZIP, ZINC/IRON PERMEASE
- bHLH, BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX
- bZIP, BASIC LEUCINE ZIPPER
- epiHDMA, 3-epihydroxy-2′-deoxymugineic acid
- epiHMA, 3-epihydroxymugineic acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jiazhen Gong
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Navreet K. Bhullar
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland
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Prity SA, Sajib SA, Das U, Rahman MM, Haider SA, Kabir AH. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mitigate Fe deficiency symptoms in sorghum through phytosiderophore-mediated Fe mobilization and restoration of redox status. PROTOPLASMA 2020; 257:1373-1385. [PMID: 32535729 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-020-01517-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable management of iron (Fe) deficiency through the microbial association is highly desirable to ensure crop yield. This study elucidates whether and how arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) ameliorate Fe deficiency symptoms in sorghum. AMF inoculation showed a significant improvement in plant biomass, chlorophyll score, Fv/Fm (quantum efficiency of photosystem II), and Pi_ABS (photosynthesis performance index), suggesting its potentiality to diminish Fe deficiency symptoms in sorghum. This AMF-driven prevention of Fe deficiency was further supported by the improvement of biochemical stress indicators, such as cell death, electrolyte leakage, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide anion. In this study, AMF showed a significant increase in phytosiderophore (PS) release as well as Fe and S concentrations in sorghum under Fe deficiency. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis demonstrated the consistent upregulation of SbDMAS2 (deoxymugineic acid synthase 2), SbNAS2 (nicotianamine synthase 2), and SbYS1 (Fe-phytosiderophore transporter yellow stripe) in roots due to AMF with Fe deficiency. It suggests that the enhancement of Fe due to AMF is related to the mobilization of Fe(III)-PS in the rhizosphere supported by the long-distance transport of Fe by SbYS1 transporter in sorghum. Our study further showed that the elevation of S mainly in the presence of AMF possibly enhances the S-containing antioxidant metabolites (Met, Cys, and GSH) as well as enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GR) to counteract H2O2 and O2- for the restoration of redox status in Fe-deprived sorghum. Moreover, S possibly participates in Strategy II responses revealing its crucial role as a signaling molecule for Fe homeostasis in sorghum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Akter Prity
- Molecular Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | | | - Urmi Das
- Molecular Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mostafizur Rahman
- Molecular Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Syed Ali Haider
- Molecular Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Ahmad Humayan Kabir
- Molecular Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
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Sharma S, Kaur G, Kumar A, Meena V, Ram H, Kaur J, Pandey AK. Gene Expression Pattern of Vacuolar-Iron Transporter-Like (VTL) Genes in Hexaploid Wheat during Metal Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E229. [PMID: 32053953 PMCID: PMC7076494 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Iron is one of the important micronutrients that is required for crop productivity and yield-related traits. To address the Fe homeostasis in crop plants, multiple transporters belonging to the category of major facilitator superfamily are being explored. In this direction, earlier vacuolar iron transporters (VITs) have been reported and characterized functionally to address biofortification in cereal crops. In the present study, the identification and characterization of new members of vacuolar iron transporter-like proteins (VTL) was performed in wheat. Phylogenetic distribution demonstrated distinct clustering of the identified VTL genes from the previously known VIT genes. Our analysis identifies multiple VTL genes from hexaploid wheat with the highest number genes localized on chromosome 2. Quantitative expression analysis suggests that most of the VTL genes are induced mostly during the Fe surplus condition, thereby reinforcing their role in metal homeostasis. Interestingly, most of the wheat VTL genes were also significantly up-regulated in a tissue-specific manner under Zn, Mn and Cu deficiency. Although, no significant changes in expression of wheat VTL genes were observed in roots under heavy metals, but TaVTL2, TaVTL3 and TaVTL5 were upregulated in the presence of cobalt stress. Overall, this work deals with the detailed characterization of wheat VTL genes that could provide an important genetic framework for addressing metal homeostasis in bread wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Knowledge City, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India; (S.S.); (G.K.); (A.K.); (V.M.); (H.R.)
- University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Sector 25, Panjab University, Chandigarh, Punjab 160015, India;
| | - Gazaldeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Knowledge City, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India; (S.S.); (G.K.); (A.K.); (V.M.); (H.R.)
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Knowledge City, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India; (S.S.); (G.K.); (A.K.); (V.M.); (H.R.)
| | - Varsha Meena
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Knowledge City, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India; (S.S.); (G.K.); (A.K.); (V.M.); (H.R.)
| | - Hasthi Ram
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Knowledge City, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India; (S.S.); (G.K.); (A.K.); (V.M.); (H.R.)
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Sector 25, Panjab University, Chandigarh, Punjab 160015, India;
| | - Ajay Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Knowledge City, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India; (S.S.); (G.K.); (A.K.); (V.M.); (H.R.)
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Batyrshina ZS, Yaakov B, Shavit R, Singh A, Tzin V. Comparative transcriptomic and metabolic analysis of wild and domesticated wheat genotypes reveals differences in chemical and physical defense responses against aphids. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:19. [PMID: 31931716 PMCID: PMC6958765 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2214-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young wheat plants are continuously exposed to herbivorous insect attack. To reduce insect damage and maintain their growth, plants evolved different defense mechanisms, including the biosynthesis of deterrent compounds named benzoxazinoids, and/or trichome formation that provides physical barriers. It is unclear whether both of these mechanisms are equally critical in providing an efficient defense for wheat seedlings against aphids-an economically costly pest in cereal production. RESULTS In this study, we compared the transcriptome, metabolome, benzoxazinoids, and trichome density of three selected wheat genotypes, with a focus on differences related to defense mechanisms. We chose diverse wheat genotypes: two tetraploid wheat genotypes, domesticated durum 'Svevo' and wild emmer 'Zavitan,' and one hexaploid bread wheat, 'Chinese Spring.' The full transcriptomic analysis revealed a major difference between the three genotypes, while the clustering of significantly different genes suggested a higher similarity between the two domesticated wheats than between either and the wild wheat. A pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the genes associated with primary metabolism, as well as the pathways associated with defense such as phytohormones and specialized metabolites, were different between the three genotypes. Measurement of benzoxazinoid levels at the three time points (11, 15, and 18 days after germination) revealed high levels in the two domesticated genotypes, while in wild emmer wheat, they were below detection level. In contrast to the benzoxazinoid levels, the trichome density was dramatically higher in the wild emmer than in the domesticated wheat. Lastly, we tested the bird cherry-oat aphid's (Rhopalosiphum padi) performance and found that Chinese Spring is more resistant than the tetraploid genotypes. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that benzoxazinoids play a more significant defensive role than trichomes. Differences between the abundance of defense mechanisms in the wild and domesticated plants were observed in which wild emmer possesses high physical defenses while the domesticated wheat genotypes have high chemical defenses. These findings provide new insights into the defense adaptations of wheat plants against aphids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaniya S Batyrshina
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Midreseht Ben Gurion, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Beery Yaakov
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Midreseht Ben Gurion, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Reut Shavit
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Midreseht Ben Gurion, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Anuradha Singh
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Midreseht Ben Gurion, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Vered Tzin
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Midreseht Ben Gurion, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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