1
|
Zhang J, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Wang P, Ding H, Liu C, Lyu J, Le W. Terahertz Irradiation Improves Cognitive Impairments and Attenuates Alzheimer's Neuropathology in the APP SWE/PS1 DE9 Mouse: A Novel Therapeutic Intervention for Alzheimer's Disease. Neurosci Bull 2023:10.1007/s12264-023-01145-3. [PMID: 37971654 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01145-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ), neurofibrillary tangles, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration in the brain. In recent years, considering the unsatisfied benefits of pharmacological therapies, non-pharmacological therapy has become a research hotspot for AD intervention. Terahertz (THz) waves with a range between microwave and infrared regions in the electromagnetic spectrum and high permeability to a wide range of materials have great potential in the bioengineering field. However, its biological impacts on the central nervous system, under either physiological or pathological conditions, are poorly investigated. In this study, we first measured the 0.14 THz waves penetration across the skull of a C57BL/6 mouse and found the percentage of THz penetration to be ~70%, guaranteeing that THz waves can reach the relevant brain regions. We then exposed the APPSWE/PS1DE9 mouse model of AD to repeated low-frequency THz waves on the head. We demonstrated that THz waves treatment significantly improved the cognitive impairment and alleviated AD neuropathology including Aβ deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation in the AD mice. Moreover, THz waves treatment effectively attenuated mitochondrial impairment, neuroinflammation, and neuronal loss in the AD mouse brain. Our findings reveal previously unappreciated beneficial effects of THz waves treatment in AD and suggest that THz waves may have the potential to be used as a novel therapeutic intervention for this devastating disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Yixin Chen
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Yarui Zhao
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Panpan Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Hongbin Ding
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Junhong Lyu
- Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Weidong Le
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China.
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences-Sichuan Provincial Hospital, Medical School, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Comaposada-Baró R, Benito-Martínez A, Escribano-Saiz JJ, Franco ML, Ceccarelli L, Calatayud-Baselga I, Mira H, Vilar M. Cholinergic neurodegeneration and cholesterol metabolism dysregulation by constitutive p75 NTR signaling in the p75 exonIII-KO mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1237458. [PMID: 37900943 PMCID: PMC10611523 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1237458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, few mouse models of AD recapitulate the neurodegeneration of the cholinergic system. The p75 neurotrophin receptor, p75NTR, has been associated with the degeneration of BFCNs in AD. The senescence-accelerated mouse prone number 8 (SAMP8) is a well-accepted model of accelerated and pathological aging. To gain a better understanding of the role of p75NTR in the basal forebrain during aging, we generated a new mouse line, the SAMP8-p75exonIII-/-. Deletion of p75NTR in the SAMP8 background induces an increase in the number of BFCNs at birth, followed by a rapid decline during aging compared to the C57/BL6 background. This decrease in the number of BFCNs correlates with a worsening in the Y-maze memory test at 6 months in the SAMP8-p75exonIII-/-. We found that SAMP8-p75exonIII-/- and C57/BL6-p75exonIII-/- mice expressed constitutively a short isoform of p75NTR that correlates with an upregulation of the protein levels of SREBP2 and its targets, HMGCR and LDLR, in the BF of both SAMP8-p75exonIII-/- and C57/BL6-p75exonIII-/- mice. As the neurodegeneration of the cholinergic system and the dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism are implicated in AD, we postulate that the generated SAMP8-p75exonIII-/- mouse strain might constitute a good model to study long-term cholinergic neurodegeneration in the CNS. In addition, our results support the role of p75NTR signaling in cholesterol biosynthesis regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Comaposada-Baró
- Molecular Basis of Neurodegeneration Unit of the Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrea Benito-Martínez
- Molecular Basis of Neurodegeneration Unit of the Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Julian Escribano-Saiz
- Molecular Basis of Neurodegeneration Unit of the Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Luisa Franco
- Molecular Basis of Neurodegeneration Unit of the Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Ceccarelli
- Molecular Basis of Neurodegeneration Unit of the Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Helena Mira
- Stem Cells and Aging Units of the Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marçal Vilar
- Molecular Basis of Neurodegeneration Unit of the Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
In FUS[1−359]‐tg mice O,S-dibenzoyl thiamine reduces muscle atrophy, decreases glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta, and normalizes the metabolome. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113986. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
|
4
|
Terao R, Ahmed T, Suzumura A, Terasaki H. Oxidative Stress-Induced Cellular Senescence in Aging Retina and Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2189. [PMID: 36358561 PMCID: PMC9686487 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging leads to a gradual decline of function in multiple organs. Cataract, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are age-related ocular diseases. Because their pathogenesis is unclear, it is challenging to combat age-related diseases. Cellular senescence is a cellular response characterized by cell cycle arrest. Cellular senescence is an important contributor to aging and age-related diseases through the alteration of cellular function and the secretion of senescence-associated secretory phenotypes. As a driver of stress-induced premature senescence, oxidative stress triggers cellular senescence and age-related diseases by inducing senescence markers via reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, we focused on the mechanism of oxidative stress-induced senescence in retinal cells and its role in the pathogenesis of AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Terao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tazbir Ahmed
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Ayana Suzumura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroko Terasaki
- Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mandal PK, Roy RG, Samkaria A. Oxidative Stress: Glutathione and Its Potential to Protect Methionine-35 of Aβ Peptide from Oxidation. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:27052-27061. [PMID: 35967059 PMCID: PMC9366984 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder with heterogeneous etiology. Intracellular neurofibrillary tangles caused by tau (τ) protein phosphorylation and extracellular senile plaques caused by aggregation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide are characteristic histopathological hallmarks of AD. Oxidative stress (OS) is also suggested to play a role in the pathophysiology of AD. The antioxidant glutathione (GSH) is able to mitigate OS through the detoxification of free radicals. The clearance of these free radicals is reported to be affected when there is a decline in GSH levels in AD. These radicals further react with the methionine-35 (M-35) residue of Aβ and facilitate its subsequent oligomerization. This review presents a plausible model indicating the role of master antioxidant GSH to protect M35 of Aβ1-40/Aβ1-42 from oxidation in pathological conditions as compared to healthy controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pravat K. Mandal
- Neuroimaging
and Neurospectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon Haryana 122051, India
- Florey
Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne School of Medicine Campus, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- , , and
| | - Rimil Guha Roy
- Neuroimaging
and Neurospectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon Haryana 122051, India
| | - Avantika Samkaria
- Neuroimaging
and Neurospectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon Haryana 122051, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hsieh CJ, Hou C, Zhu Y, Lee JY, Kohli N, Gallagher E, Xu K, Lee H, Li S, McManus MJ, Mach RH. [ 18F]ROStrace detects oxidative stress in vivo and predicts progression of Alzheimer's disease pathology in APP/PS1 mice. EJNMMI Res 2022; 12:43. [PMID: 35895177 PMCID: PMC9329498 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-022-00914-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, tracking oxidative stress in the brain has proven difficult and impeded its use as a biomarker. Herein, we investigate the utility of a novel positron emission tomography (PET) tracer, [18F]ROStrace, as a biomarker of oxidative stress throughout the course of AD in the well-established APP/PS1 double-mutant mouse model. PET imaging studies were conducted in wild-type (WT) and APP/PS1 mice at 3 different time points, representing early (5 mo.), middle (10 mo.), and advanced (16 mo.) life (n = 6-12, per sex). Semi-quantitation SUVRs of the plateau phase (40-60 min post-injection; SUVR40-60) of ten brain subregions were designated by the Mirrione atlas and analyzed by Pmod. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) was used to distinguish brain regions with elevated ROS in APP/PS1 relative to WT in both sexes. The PET studies were validated by ex vivo autoradiography and immunofluorescence with the parent compound, dihydroethidium. RESULTS [18F]ROStrace retention was increased in the APP/PS1 brain compared to age-matched controls by 10 mo. of age (p < 0.0001) and preceded the accumulation of oxidative damage in APP/PS1 neurons at 16 mo. (p < 0.005). [18F]ROStrace retention and oxidative damages were higher and occurred earlier in female APP/PS1 mice as measured by PET (p < 0.001), autoradiography, and immunohistochemistry (p < 0.05). [18F]ROStrace differences emerged midlife, temporally and spatially correlating with increased Aβ burden (r2 = 0.36; p = 0.0003), which was also greatest in the female brain (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS [18F]ROStrace identifies increased oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in APP/PS1 female mice, concurrent with increased amyloid burden midlife. Differences in oxidative stress during this crucial time may partially explain the sexual dimorphism in AD. [18F]ROStrace may provide a long-awaited tool to stratify at-risk patients who may benefit from antioxidant therapy prior to irreparable neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ju Hsieh
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Catherine Hou
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Yi Zhu
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Ji Youn Lee
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Neha Kohli
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Evan Gallagher
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Kuiying Xu
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Hsiaoju Lee
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Shihong Li
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Meagan J. McManus
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Robert H. Mach
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sirin S, Nigdelioglu Dolanbay S, Aslim B. The relationship of early- and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease genes with COVID-19. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2022; 129:847-859. [PMID: 35429259 PMCID: PMC9012910 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02499-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases have been exposed to excess risk by the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19’s main manifestations include high body temperature, dry cough, and exhaustion. Nevertheless, some affected individuals may have an atypical presentation at diagnosis but suffer neurological signs and symptoms as the first disease manifestation. These findings collectively show the neurotropic nature of SARS-CoV-2 virus and its ability to involve the central nervous system. In addition, Alzheimer’s disease and COVID-19 has a number of common risk factors and comorbid conditions including age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, and the expression of APOE ε4. Until now, a plethora of studies have examined the COVID-19 disease but only a few studies has yet examined the relationship of COVID-19 and Alzheimer’s disease as risk factors of each other. This review emphasizes the recently published evidence on the role of the genes of early- or late-onset Alzheimer’s disease in the susceptibility of individuals currently suffering or recovered from COVID-19 to Alzheimer’s disease or in the susceptibility of individuals at risk of or with Alzheimer’s disease to COVID-19 or increased COVID-19 severity and mortality. Furthermore, the present review also draws attention to other uninvestigated early- and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease genes to elucidate the relationship between this multifactorial disease and COVID-19.
Collapse
|
8
|
Collins AE, Saleh TM, Kalisch BE. Naturally Occurring Antioxidant Therapy in Alzheimer’s Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020213. [PMID: 35204096 PMCID: PMC8868221 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that the prevalence rate of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) will double by the year 2040. Although currently available treatments help with symptom management, they do not prevent, delay the progression of, or cure the disease. Interestingly, a shared characteristic of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases and disorders is oxidative stress. Despite profound evidence supporting the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and progression of AD, none of the currently available treatment options address oxidative stress. Recently, attention has been placed on the use of antioxidants to mitigate the effects of oxidative stress in the central nervous system. In preclinical studies utilizing cellular and animal models, natural antioxidants showed therapeutic promise when administered alone or in combination with other compounds. More recently, the concept of combination antioxidant therapy has been explored as a novel approach to preventing and treating neurodegenerative conditions that present with oxidative stress as a contributing factor. In this review, the relationship between oxidative stress and AD pathology and the neuroprotective role of natural antioxidants from natural sources are discussed. Additionally, the therapeutic potential of natural antioxidants as preventatives and/or treatment for AD is examined, with special attention paid to natural antioxidant combinations and conjugates that are currently being investigated in human clinical trials.
Collapse
|
9
|
Razazan A, Karunakar P, Mishra SP, Sharma S, Miller B, Jain S, Yadav H. Activation of Microbiota Sensing - Free Fatty Acid Receptor 2 Signaling Ameliorates Amyloid-β Induced Neurotoxicity by Modulating Proteolysis-Senescence Axis. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:735933. [PMID: 34707491 PMCID: PMC8544178 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.735933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple emerging evidence indicates that the gut microbiota contributes to the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-a debilitating public health problem in older adults. However, strategies to beneficially modulate gut microbiota and its sensing signaling pathways remain largely unknown. Here, we screened, validated, and established the agonists of free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2) signaling, which senses beneficial signals from short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by microbiota. The abundance of SCFAs, is often low in the gut of older adults with AD. We demonstrated that inhibition of FFAR2 signaling increases amyloid-beta (Aβ) stimulated neuronal toxicity. Thus, we screened FFAR2 agonists using an in-silico library of more than 144,000 natural compounds and selected 15 of them based on binding with FFAR2-agonist active sites. Fenchol (a natural compound commonly present in basil) was recognized as a potential FFAR2 stimulator in neuronal cells and demonstrated protective effects against Aβ-stimulated neurodegeneration in an FFAR2-dependent manner. In addition, Fenchol reduced AD-like phenotypes, such as Aβ-accumulation, and impaired chemotaxis behavior in Caenorhabditis (C.) elegans and mice models, by increasing Aβ-clearance via the promotion of proteolysis and reduced senescence in neuronal cells. These results suggest that the inhibition of FFAR2 signaling promotes Aβ-induced neurodegeneration, while the activation of FFAR2 by Fenchol ameliorates these abnormalities by promoting proteolytic Aβ-clearance and reducing cellular senescence. Thus, stimulation of FFAR2 signaling by Fenchol as a natural compound can be a therapeutic approach to ameliorate AD pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Razazan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | | | - Sidharth P. Mishra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Shailesh Sharma
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Brandi Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Shalini Jain
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Hariom Yadav
- Department of Internal Medicine, Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine—Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- USF Center for Microbiome Research, USF Institute on Microbiomes, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ahmed M, Herrmann N, Chen JJ, Saleem M, Oh PI, Andreazza AC, Kiss A, Lanctôt KL. Glutathione Peroxidase Activity Is Altered in Vascular Cognitive Impairment-No Dementia and Is a Potential Marker for Verbal Memory Performance. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 79:1285-1296. [PMID: 33427735 PMCID: PMC7990450 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) increases risk for vascular cognitive impairment-no dementia (VCIND), a precursor to dementia, potentially through persistent oxidative stress. Objective: This study assessed peripheral glutathione peroxidase activity (GPX), which is protective against oxidative stress, in VCIND versus cognitively normal CAD controls (CN). GPX activity was also evaluated as a biomarker of cognition, particularly verbal memory. Methods: 120 CAD patients with VCIND (1SD below norms on executive function or verbal memory (VM)) or without (CN) participated in exercise rehabilitation for 24 weeks. Neurocognitive and cardiopulmonary fitness (VO2peak) assessments and plasma were collected at baseline and 24-weeks. Results: GPX was higher in VCIND compared to CN (F1,119 = 3.996, p = 0.048). Higher GPX was associated with poorer baseline VM (β= –0.182, p = 0.048), and longitudinally with VM decline controlling for sex, body mass index, VO2peak, and education (b[SE] = –0.02[0.01], p = 0.004). Only CN participants showed improved VM performance with increased fitness (b[SE] = 1.30[0.15], p < 0.005). Conclusion: GPX was elevated in VCIND consistent with a compensatory response to persistent oxidative stress. Increased GPX predicted poorer cognitive outcomes (verbal memory) in VCIND patients despite improved fitness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehnaz Ahmed
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nathan Herrmann
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Geriatric Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jinghan Jenny Chen
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mahwesh Saleem
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul I Oh
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ana C Andreazza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alexander Kiss
- Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Krista L Lanctôt
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Geriatric Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pourhamzeh M, Joghataei MT, Mehrabi S, Ahadi R, Hojjati SMM, Fazli N, Nabavi SM, Pakdaman H, Shahpasand K. The Interplay of Tau Protein and β-Amyloid: While Tauopathy Spreads More Profoundly Than Amyloidopathy, Both Processes Are Almost Equally Pathogenic. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 41:1339-1354. [PMID: 32696288 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00906-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, in which amyloid precursor protein (APP) misprocessing and tau protein hyperphosphorylation are well-established pathogenic cascades. Despite extensive considerations, the central mediator of neuronal cell death upon AD remains under debate. Therefore, we examined the direct interplay between tauopathy and amyloidopathy processes. We employed primary culture neurons and examined pathogenic P-tau and Aβ oligomers upon hypoxia treatment by immunofluorescence and immunoblotting. We observed both tauopathy and amyloidopathy processes upon the hypoxia condition. We also applied Aβ1-42 or P-tau onto primary cultured neurons. We overexpressed P-tau in SH-SY5Y cells and found Aβ accumulation. Furthermore, adult male rats received Aβ1-42 or pathogenic P-tau in the dorsal hippocampus and were examined for 8 weeks. Learning and memory performance, as well as anxiety behaviors, were assessed by Morris water maze and elevated plus-maze tests. Both Aβ1-42 and pathogenic P-tau significantly induced learning and memory deficits and enhanced anxiety behavior after treatment 2 weeks. Aβ administration induced robust tauopathy distribution in the cortex, striatum, and corpus callosum as well as CA1. On the other hand, P-tau treatment developed Aβ oligomers in the cortex and CA1 only. Our findings indicate that Aβ1-42 and pathogenic P-tau may induce each other and cause almost identical neurotoxicity in a time-dependent manner, while tauopathy seems to be more distributable than amyloidopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Pourhamzeh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Joghataei
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Soraya Mehrabi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ahadi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nasrin Fazli
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Massood Nabavi
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Pakdaman
- Brain Mapping Research Center, Department of Neurology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Koorosh Shahpasand
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Carbamylated Erythropoietin-Fc (CEPO-Fc) ameliorates Aβ25-35 induced neurotoxicity by modulating autophagy, apoptosis, and necroptosis in Alzheimer's Disease model rats. PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/phypha.26.3.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
13
|
Syeda T, Cannon JR. Environmental exposures and the etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease: The potential role of BACE1 as a critical neurotoxic target. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22694. [PMID: 33393683 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major public health crisis due to devastating cognitive symptoms, a lack of curative treatments, and increasing prevalence. Most cases are sporadic (>95% of cases) after the age of 65 years, implicating an important role of environmental factors in disease pathogenesis. Environmental neurotoxicants have been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's Disease and AD. Animal models of AD and in vitro studies have shed light on potential neuropathological mechanisms, yet the biochemical and molecular underpinnings of AD-relevant environmental neurotoxicity remain poorly understood. Beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is a potentially critical pathogenic target of environmentally induced neurotoxicity. BACE1 clearly has a critical role in AD pathophysiology: It is required for amyloid beta production and expression and activity of BACE1 are increased in the AD brain. Though the literature on BACE1 in response to environmental insults is limited, current studies, along with extensive AD neurobiology literature suggest that BACE1 deserves attention as an important neurotoxic target. Here, we critically review research on environmental neurotoxicants such as metals, pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, polyfluoroalkyl substances, heterocyclic aromatic amines, advanced glycation end products, and acrolein that modulate BACE1 and potential mechanisms of action. Though more research is needed to clearly understand whether BACE1 is a critical mediator of AD-relevant neurotoxicity, available reports provide convincing evidence that BACE1 is altered by environmental risk factors associated with AD pathology, implying that BACE1 inhibition and its use as a biomarker should be considered in AD management and research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tauqeerunnisa Syeda
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neurosciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Jason R Cannon
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neurosciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Uddin MS, Al Mamun A, Kabir MT, Ashraf GM, Bin-Jumah MN, Abdel-Daim MM. Multi-Target Drug Candidates for Multifactorial Alzheimer's Disease: AChE and NMDAR as Molecular Targets. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 58:281-303. [PMID: 32935230 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02116-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common forms of dementia among elder people, which is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that results from a chronic loss of cognitive activities. It has been observed that AD is multifactorial, hence diverse pharmacological targets that could be followed for the treatment of AD. The Food and Drug Administration has approved two types of medications for AD treatment such as cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) antagonists. Rivastigmine, donepezil, and galantamine are the ChEIs that have been approved to treat AD. On the other hand, memantine is the only non-competitive NMDAR antagonist approved in AD treatment. As compared with placebo, it has been revealed through clinical studies that many single-target therapies are unsuccessful to treat multifactorial Alzheimer's symptoms or disease progression. Therefore, due to the complex nature of AD pathophysiology, diverse pharmacological targets can be hunted. In this article, based on the entwined link of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and NMDAR, we represent several multifunctional compounds in the rational design of new potential AD medications. This review focus on the significance of privileged scaffolds in the generation of the multi-target lead compound for treating AD, investigating the idea and challenges of multi-target drug design. Furthermore, the most auspicious elementary units for designing as well as synthesizing hybrid drugs are demonstrated as pharmacological probes in the rational design of new potential AD therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - May N Bin-Jumah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11474, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sagnou M, Mavroidi B, Kaminari A, Boukos N, Pelecanou M. Novel Isatin Thiosemicarbazone Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of β-Amyloid Peptide Aggregation and Toxicity. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:2266-2276. [PMID: 32598129 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of β-amyloid peptide (Αβ) aggregation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is among the therapeutic approaches against AD which still attracts scientific research interest. In the search for compounds that interact with Aβ and disrupt its typical aggregation course toward oligomeric or polymeric toxic assemblies, small organic molecules of natural origin, combining low molecular weight (necessary blood-brain barrier penetration) and low toxicity (necessary for pharmacological application), are greatly sought after. Isatin (1H-indoline-2,3-dione), a natural endogenous indole, and many of its derivatives exhibit a wide spectrum of neuropharmacological and chemotherapeutic properties. The synthesis and biological evaluation of four new isatins as inhibitors of Aβ aggregation is presented herein. In these derivatives, the N-phenyl thiosemicarbazide moiety is joined at the 3-oxo position of isatin through Schiff base formation, and substitutions are present at the indole nitrogen and position 5 of the isatin core. Biophysical studies employing circular dichroism, thioflavin T fluorescence assay, and transmission electron microscopy reveal the potential of the isatin thiosemicarbazones (ITSCs) to alter the course of Αβ aggregation, with two of the derivatives exhibiting outstanding inhibition of the aggregation process, preventing completely the formation of amyloid fibrils. Furthermore, in in vitro studies in primary neuronal cell cultures, the ITSCs were found to inhibit the Aβ-induced neurotoxicity and reactive oxygen species production at concentrations as low as 1 μM. Taken all together, the novel ITSCs can be considered as privileged structures for further development as potential AD therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Sagnou
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - Barbara Mavroidi
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - Archontia Kaminari
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos Boukos
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Pelecanou
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15310 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
A Novel Compound YS-5-23 Exhibits Neuroprotective Effect by Reducing β-Site Amyloid Precursor Protein Cleaving Enzyme 1's Expression and H 2O 2-Induced Cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y Cells. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:2113-2127. [PMID: 32556702 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The abnormally accumulated amyloid-β (Aβ) and oxidative stress contribute to the initiation and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is the rate-limiting enzyme for the production of Aβ. Furthermore, Aβ was reported to increase oxidative stress; then the overproduced oxidative stress continues to increase the expression and activity of BACE1. Consequently, inhibition of both BACE1 and oxidative stress is a better strategy for AD therapy compared with those one-target treatment methods. In the present study, our novel small molecule YS-5-23 was proved to possess both of the activities. Specifically, we found that YS-5-23 reduces BACE1's expression in both SH-SY5Y and Swedish mutated amyloid precursor protein (APP) overexpressed HEK293 cells, and it can also suppress BACE1's expression induced by H2O2. Moreover, YS-5-23 decreases H2O2-induced cytotoxicity including alleviating H2O2-induced apoptosis and loss of mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) because it attenuates the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level elevated by H2O2. Meanwhile, PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is involved in the anti-H2O2 and BACE1 inhibition effect of YS-5-23. Our findings indicate that YS-5-23 may develop as a drug candidate in the prevention and treatment of AD.
Collapse
|
17
|
Gavín R, Lidón L, Ferrer I, del Río JA. The Quest for Cellular Prion Protein Functions in the Aged and Neurodegenerating Brain. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030591. [PMID: 32131451 PMCID: PMC7140396 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular (also termed ‘natural’) prion protein has been extensively studied for many years for its pathogenic role in prionopathies after misfolding. However, neuroprotective properties of the protein have been demonstrated under various scenarios. In this line, the involvement of the cellular prion protein in neurodegenerative diseases other than prionopathies continues to be widely debated by the scientific community. In fact, studies on knock-out mice show a vast range of physiological functions for the protein that can be supported by its ability as a cell surface scaffold protein. In this review, we first summarize the most commonly described roles of cellular prion protein in neuroprotection, including antioxidant and antiapoptotic activities and modulation of glutamate receptors. Second, in light of recently described interaction between cellular prion protein and some amyloid misfolded proteins, we will also discuss the molecular mechanisms potentially involved in protection against neurodegeneration in pathologies such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalina Gavín
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Science Park of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (L.L.); (J.A.d.R.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (Ciberned), 28031 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-4031185
| | - Laia Lidón
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Science Park of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (L.L.); (J.A.d.R.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (Ciberned), 28031 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (Ciberned), 28031 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Senior Consultant, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Antonio del Río
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Science Park of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (L.L.); (J.A.d.R.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (Ciberned), 28031 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Syafrita Y, Amir D, Susanti R, Fadhilah I. Relationship of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, malondialdehyde, and 8-Hydroxy 2-Deoxyguanosine with post-ischemic stroke depression. Dement Neuropsychol 2020; 14:41-46. [PMID: 32206197 PMCID: PMC7077855 DOI: 10.1590/1980-57642020dn14-010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A few studies have shown that serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)
level in post-stroke depression is highly correlated with memory and
neuropsychiatric disturbances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuliarni Syafrita
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Indonesia
| | - Darwin Amir
- Hospital, Perintis Kemerdekaan Street, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia
| | - Restu Susanti
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Indonesia
| | - I Fadhilah
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Inhibitory effects of curcumin on H 2O 2-induced cell damage and APP expression and processing in SH-SY5Y cells transfected with APP gene with Swedish mutation. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:2047-2059. [PMID: 32036572 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05305-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, and the pathological mechanism of the disease is still far to understand. According to the amyloid cascade hypothesis in AD, Amyloid-β (Aβ) is considered as a key substance that contributes AD development. Aβ is a β-cleaving product from Amyloid-β protein precursor (APP). Mutations of APP including APPKM670/671670NL (Swedish mutation) result in Aβ overproduction and the development of early-onset familial AD. Increase of oxidative stress and damage also occurs in early stage of AD. In this study, we used a SH-SY5Y cell line that stably expresses APP gene with Swedish mutation (SH-SY5Y-APPswe), and the inhibitory effects of curcumin on H2O2-induced cell damage and APP processing were investigated. Cells were treated with curcumin (0 ~ 5 μM) for 4 h before hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Cell growth was detected with CCK-8 assay, and cell damage was determined through the evaluation of release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from the cytosol to the culture medium and the morphological change of nucleus. The ability of mitochondrial stress and the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential were assayed through the measuring the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and the green/red fluorescence ratio of JC-1 dye respectively. The protein levels of APP, sAPPα, sAPPβ, and BACE1 were analyzed with Western blot assay. Aβ production was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results indicated that curcumin inhibits H2O2-induced decrease of cell growth and cell damage. Curcumin attenuates H2O2-induced damage on the ability to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and membrane potential. Curcumin inhibits H2O2-induced increase of APP cleavage through β-cleavage pathway and of intracellular Aβ production. These results imply that curcumin can be used to treat AD through inhibiting oxidative damage-induced APP β-cleavage and intracellular Aβ generation.
Collapse
|
20
|
De Mario A, Peggion C, Massimino ML, Norante RP, Zulian A, Bertoli A, Sorgato MC. The Link of the Prion Protein with Ca 2+ Metabolism and ROS Production, and the Possible Implication in Aβ Toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184640. [PMID: 31546771 PMCID: PMC6770541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular prion protein (PrPC) is an ubiquitous cell surface protein mostly expressed in neurons, where it localizes to both pre- and post-synaptic membranes. PrPC aberrant conformers are the major components of mammalian prions, the infectious agents responsible for incurable neurodegenerative disorders. PrPC was also proposed to bind aggregated misfolded proteins/peptides, and to mediate their neurotoxic signal. In spite of long-lasting research, a general consensus on the precise pathophysiologic mechanisms of PrPC has not yet been reached. Here we review our recent data, obtained by comparing primary neurons from PrP-expressing and PrP-knockout mice, indicating a central role of PrPC in synaptic transmission and Ca2+ homeostasis. Indeed, by controlling gene expression and signaling cascades, PrPC is able to optimize glutamate secretion and regulate Ca2+ entry via store-operated channels and ionotropic glutamate receptors, thereby protecting neurons from threatening Ca2+ overloads and excitotoxicity. We will also illustrate and discuss past and unpublished results demonstrating that Aβ oligomers perturb Ca2+ homeostasis and cause abnormal mitochondrial accumulation of reactive oxygen species by possibly affecting the PrP-dependent downregulation of Fyn kinase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnese De Mario
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Caterina Peggion
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Maria Lina Massimino
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Rosa Pia Norante
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Zulian
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Bertoli
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Maria Catia Sorgato
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Phiwchai I, Chariyarangsitham W, Phatruengdet T, Pilapong C. Ferric-Tannic Nanoparticles Increase Neuronal Cellular Clearance. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:4136-4144. [PMID: 31355625 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting cellular clearance function in brain cells provides new opportunities for the prevention of dementia by clearance of potentially dangerous molecules. Herein, we present a new approach to enhancing neuroactive and neuroprotective activities in a neuronal cell line using ferric-tannic nanoparticles (FTs). Major biological functions mediated by FTs were clearly found to promote neuronal tube growth through the activation of axon guidance pathways. A number of neuronal tubes were found to increase under stimulation of amyloid beta-peptides, oxidative stress, and serum deprivation. The neuronal tubes generated play a role in clearing debris and amyloid beta-peptides. Another key function in cellular clearance mediated by FTs was their capability of inducing autophagy with the activation of lysosomes. Therefore, FTs are a promising new strategy for brain cell protection through the activation of the cellular clearance function. Hopefully, our findings will pave the way for the development of new methods for the prevention and therapy of dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isara Phiwchai
- Radiologic Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand 50200
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Morroni F, Sita G, Graziosi A, Turrini E, Fimognari C, Tarozzi A, Hrelia P. Protective Effects of 6-(Methylsulfinyl)hexyl Isothiocyanate on Aβ 1-42-Induced Cognitive Deficit, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2083. [PMID: 30021941 PMCID: PMC6073905 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia among older people. Although soluble amyloid species are recognized triggers of the disease, no therapeutic approach is able to stop it. 6-(Methylsulfinyl)hexyl isothiocyanate (6-MSITC) is a major bioactive compound in Wasabia japonica, which is a typical Japanese pungent spice. Recently, in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrated that 6-MSITC has several biological properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the neuroprotective activity of 6-MSITC in a murine AD model, induced by intracerebroventricular injection of β-amyloid oligomers (Aβ1-42O). The treatment with 6-MSITC started 1 h after the surgery for the next 10 days. Behavioral analysis showed that 6-MSITC ameliorated Aβ1-42O-induced memory impairments. The decrease of glutathione levels and increase of reactive oxygen species in hippocampal tissues following Aβ1-42O injection were reduced by 6-MSITC. Moreover, activation of caspases, increase of inflammatory factors, and phosphorylation of ERK and GSK3 were inhibited by 6-MSITC. These results highlighted an interesting neuroprotective activity of 6-MSITC, which was able to restore a physiological oxidative status, interfere positively with Nrf2-pathway, decrease apoptosis and neuroinflammation and contribute to behavioral recovery. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that 6-MSITC could be a promising complement for AD therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Morroni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giulia Sita
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Agnese Graziosi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Turrini
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto, 237, 47900 Rimini, Italy.
| | - Carmela Fimognari
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto, 237, 47900 Rimini, Italy.
| | - Andrea Tarozzi
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto, 237, 47900 Rimini, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Hrelia
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sriharsha P, Gujjari AK, Dhakshaini MR, Prashant A. Comparative Evaluation of Salivary Cortisol Levels in Bruxism Patients Before and After Using Soft Occlusal Splint: An in vivo Study. Contemp Clin Dent 2018; 9:182-187. [PMID: 29875558 PMCID: PMC5968680 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_756_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bruxism is defined as a nonfunctional activity or a parafunctional habit characterized by the unconscious repetitive motion of clenching and/or grinding of the teeth. Soft occlusal splints have been considered as the first-line strategy for treating nocturnal bruxism. Cortisol is a major steroid hormone secreted by fascicular zone of the adrenal cortex, belonging to the glucocorticosteroidal group of hormones. Clinical studies have shown that when humans are placed under stress, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis is activated, leading to an increase in cortical secretion. However, the effect of splint is questionable by some researchers, and best way to perceive the effect of soft splints in patients with bruxism is by evaluating the stress levels. Materials and Methods A total of 20 individuals suffering from bruxism were selected from the Outpatient Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, JSS Dental College and Hospital, Mysore. Saliva samples were collected before and after using the occlusal soft splints and subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for determining the salivary cortisol levels. Results The collected data were subjected to appropriate descriptive statistics, paired sample t-test, and one sample t-test. The paired sample t-test shows that intragroup comparison of the mean cortisol level in the study group shows near significant values, which means there is a decrease in the salivary cortisol levels in patients after using soft occlusal splint, but statistically nonsignificant. Conclusion In the present study, it has been found that 70% of individuals after using the soft occlusal splint showed decreased cortisol levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pudi Sriharsha
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Anil Kumar Gujjari
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - M R Dhakshaini
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Akila Prashant
- Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Izadi F, Soheilifar MH. Exploring Potential Biomarkers Underlying Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease by Differential Co-expression Analysis. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2018; 10:233-241. [PMID: 30555656 PMCID: PMC6252023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly. Due to the facts that biological causes of AD are complex in addition to increasing rates of AD worldwide, a deeper understanding of AD etiology is required for AD treatment and diagnosis. METHODS To identify molecular pathological alterations in AD brains, GSE36980 series containing microarray data samples from temporal cortex, frontal cortex and hippocampus were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and valid gene symbols were subjected to building a gene co-expression network by a bioinformatics tool known as differential regulation from differential co-expression (DCGL) software package. Then, a network-driven integrative analysis was performed to find significant genes and underlying biological terms. RESULTS A total of 17088 unique genes were parsed into three independent differential co-expression networks. As a result, a small number of differentially co-regulated genes mostly in frontal and hippocampus lobs were detected as potential biomarkers related to AD brains. Ultimately differentially co-regulated genes were enriched in biological terms including response to lipid and fatty acid and pathways mainly signaling pathway such as G-protein signaling pathway and glutamate receptor groups II and III. By conducting co-expression analysis, our study identified multiple genes that may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. CONCLUSION The study aimed to provide a systematic understanding of the potential relationships among these genes and it is hoped that it could aid in AD biomarker discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Izadi
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Darwin Building, University College London (UCL), London, UK,Corresponding author: Fereshteh Izadi, PhD, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Darwin Building, University College London (UCL), Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK, Tel: +44 7846280861, E-mail:
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sanchez-Espinosa MP, Atienza M, Cantero JL. Sleep mediates the association between homocysteine and oxidative status in mild cognitive impairment. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7719. [PMID: 28798397 PMCID: PMC5552792 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08292-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Tremendous progress has been made over the last few years in understanding how sleep and amyloid-β (Aβ) cooperate to speed up the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it remains unknown whether sleep deficits also interact with other risk factors that exacerbate the pathological cascade of AD. Based on evidence showing that higher levels of homocysteine (HCY) and sleep loss increase oxidative damage, we here investigate whether the relationship between HCY and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) is mediated by changes in objective sleep in healthy older (HO, N = 21) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI, N = 21) subjects. Results revealed that reduced TAC levels in MCI was significantly correlated with increased HCY, shorter sleep duration, lower sleep efficiency, and reduced volume of temporal regions. However, only the HCY-TAC association showed diagnostic value, and this relationship was mediated by poorer sleep quality in MCI patients. We further showed that HCY-related cerebral volume loss in MCI depended on the serial relationship between poorer sleep quality and lower TAC levels. These findings provide novel insights into how impaired sleep may contribute to maintain the relationship between HCY and oxidative stress in prodromal AD, and offer empirical foundations to design therapeutic interventions aimed to weaken this link.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayely P Sanchez-Espinosa
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Spanish Network of Excellence for Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
| | - Mercedes Atienza
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Spanish Network of Excellence for Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
| | - Jose L Cantero
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Spanish Network of Excellence for Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Protective Effect of Quercetin against Oxidative Stress-Induced Cytotoxicity in Rat Pheochromocytoma (PC-12) Cells. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071122. [PMID: 28684704 PMCID: PMC6152301 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many kinds of neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Parkinson’s disease. Quercetin is a bioflavonoid found ubiquitously in fruits and vegetables, and has antioxidative activity. However, the underlying mechanism of the antioxidative effect of quercetin in neurodegenerative diseases has not been well explored. Here, we investigated the antioxidative effect and underlying molecular mechanisms of quercetin on PC-12 cells. We found that PC-12 cells pretreated with quercetin exhibited an increased cell viability and reduced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release when exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The significantly-alleviated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and lipoperoxidation of the cell membrane of PC-12 cells induced by H2O2 were observed in the quercetin pretreated group. Furthermore, quercetin pretreatment markedly reduced the apoptosis of PC-12 cells and hippocampal neurons. The inductions of antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in PC-12 cells exposed to H2O2 were significantly reduced by preatment with quercetin. In addition, quercetin pretreatment significantly increased Bcl-2 expression, and reduced Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and p53 expressions. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that quercetin exhibited a protective effect against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in PC-12 cells. Our findings suggested that quercetin may be developed as a novel therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative diseases induced by oxidative stress.
Collapse
|
27
|
Salvianolic Acid B Inhibits Aβ Generation by Modulating BACE1 Activity in SH-SY5Y-APPsw Cells. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8060333. [PMID: 27258307 PMCID: PMC4924174 DOI: 10.3390/nu8060333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease in humans. The accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of AD. Previous studies indicated that Salvianolic acid B (SalB) could ameliorate Aβ-induced memory impairment. However, whether SalB could influence the generation of Aβ is unclear. Here, we show that SalB (25, 50, or 100 µM) reduces the generation of Aβ40 and Aβ42 in culture media by decreasing the protein expressions of BACE1 and sAPPβ in SH-SY5Y-APPsw cells. Meanwhile, SalB increases the levels of ADAM10 and sAPPα in the cells. However, SalB has no impact on the protein expressions of APP and PS1. Moreover, SalB attenuates oxidative stress and inhibits the activity of GSK3β, which might be related to the suppression of BACE1 expression and amyloidogenesis. Our study suggests that SalB is a promising therapeutic agent for AD by targeting Aβ generation.
Collapse
|
28
|
Unzeta M, Esteban G, Bolea I, Fogel WA, Ramsay RR, Youdim MBH, Tipton KF, Marco-Contelles J. Multi-Target Directed Donepezil-Like Ligands for Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:205. [PMID: 27252617 PMCID: PMC4879129 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS ASS234 is a MTDL compound containing a moiety from Donepezil and the propargyl group from the PF 9601N, a potent and selective MAO B inhibitor. This compound is the most advanced anti-Alzheimer agent for preclinical studies identified in our laboratory.Derived from ASS234 both multipotent donepezil-indolyl (MTDL-1) and donepezil-pyridyl hybrids (MTDL-2) were designed and evaluated as inhibitors of AChE/BuChE and both MAO isoforms. MTDL-2 showed more high affinity toward the four enzymes than MTDL-1.MTDL-3 and MTDL-4, were designed containing the N-benzylpiperidinium moiety from Donepezil, a metal- chelating 8-hydroxyquinoline group and linked to a N-propargyl core and they were pharmacologically evaluated.The presence of the cyano group in MTDL-3, enhanced binding to AChE, BuChE and MAO A. It showed antioxidant behavior and it was able to strongly complex Cu(II), Zn(II) and Fe(III).MTDL-4 showed higher affinity toward AChE, BuChE.MTDL-3 exhibited good brain penetration capacity (ADMET) and less toxicity than Donepezil. Memory deficits in scopolamine-lesioned animals were restored by MTDL-3.MTDL-3 particularly emerged as a ligand showing remarkable potential benefits for its use in AD therapy. Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of adult onset dementia, is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive memory loss, decline in language skills, and other cognitive impairments. Although its etiology is not completely known, several factors including deficits of acetylcholine, β-amyloid deposits, τ-protein phosphorylation, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation are considered to play significant roles in the pathophysiology of this disease. For a long time, AD patients have been treated with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors such as donepezil (Aricept®) but with limited therapeutic success. This might be due to the complex multifactorial nature of AD, a fact that has prompted the design of new Multi-Target-Directed Ligands (MTDL) based on the "one molecule, multiple targets" paradigm. Thus, in this context, different series of novel multifunctional molecules with antioxidant, anti-amyloid, anti-inflammatory, and metal-chelating properties able to interact with multiple enzymes of therapeutic interest in AD pathology including acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and monoamine oxidases A and B have been designed and assessed biologically. This review describes the multiple targets, the design rationale and an in-house MTDL library, bearing the N-benzylpiperidine motif present in donepezil, linked to different heterocyclic ring systems (indole, pyridine, or 8-hydroxyquinoline) with special emphasis on compound ASS234, an N-propargylindole derivative. The description of the in vitro biological properties of the compounds and discussion of the corresponding structure-activity-relationships allows us to highlight new issues for the identification of more efficient MTDL for use in AD therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Unzeta
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Gerard Esteban
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College DublinDublin, Ireland
| | - Irene Bolea
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Wieslawa A. Fogel
- Department of Hormone Biochemistry, Medical University of LodzLodz, Poland
| | - Rona R. Ramsay
- Biomolecular Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St AndrewsSt. Andrews, UK
| | - Moussa B. H. Youdim
- Department of Pharmacology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Eve Topf and National Parkinson Foundation Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases ResearchHaifa, Israel
| | - Keith F. Tipton
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College DublinDublin, Ireland
| | - José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of General Organic Chemistry, Spanish National Research CouncilMadrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Dixit S, Bernardo A, Walker JM, Kennard JA, Kim GY, Kessler ES, Harrison FE. Vitamin C deficiency in the brain impairs cognition, increases amyloid accumulation and deposition, and oxidative stress in APP/PSEN1 and normally aging mice. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:570-81. [PMID: 25642732 DOI: 10.1021/cn500308h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Subclinical vitamin C deficiency is widespread in many populations, but its role in both Alzheimer's disease and normal aging is understudied. In the present study, we decreased brain vitamin C in the APPSWE/PSEN1deltaE9 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease by crossing APP/PSEN1(+) bigenic mice with SVCT2(+/-) heterozygous knockout mice, which have lower numbers of the sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter required for neuronal vitamin C transport. SVCT2(+/-) mice performed less well on the rotarod task at both 5 and 12 months of age compared to littermates. SVCT2(+/-) and APP/PSEN1(+) mice and the combination genotype SVCT2(+/-)APP/PSEN1(+) were also impaired on multiple tests of cognitive ability (olfactory memory task, Y-maze alternation, conditioned fear, Morris water maze). In younger mice, both low vitamin C (SVCT2(+/-)) and APP/PSEN1 mutations increased brain cortex oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, protein carbonyls, F2-isoprostanes) and decreased total glutathione compared to wild-type controls. SVCT2(+/-) mice also had increased amounts of both soluble and insoluble Aβ1-42 and a higher Aβ1-42/1-40 ratio. By 14 months of age, oxidative stress levels were similar among groups, but there were more amyloid-β plaque deposits in both hippocampus and cortex of SVCT2(+/-)APP/PSEN1(+) mice compared to APP/PSEN1(+) mice with normal brain vitamin C. These data suggest that even moderate intracellular vitamin C deficiency plays an important role in accelerating amyloid pathogenesis, particularly during early stages of disease development, and that these effects are likely modulated by oxidative stress pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shilpy Dixit
- Division
of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Alexandra Bernardo
- Division
of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Jennifer Michelle Walker
- Division
of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - John Andrew Kennard
- Division
of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Grace Youngeun Kim
- Division
of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Program
in Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Eric Sean Kessler
- Division
of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Program
in Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Fiona Edith Harrison
- Division
of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Edaravone alleviates Alzheimer's disease-type pathologies and cognitive deficits. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:5225-30. [PMID: 25847999 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1422998112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of most devastating diseases affecting elderly people. Amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation and the downstream pathological events such as oxidative stress play critical roles in pathogenesis of AD. Lessons from failures of current clinical trials suggest that targeting multiple key pathways of the AD pathogenesis is necessary to halt the disease progression. Here we show that Edaravone, a free radical scavenger that is marketed for acute ischemic stroke, has a potent capacity of inhibiting Aβ aggregation and attenuating Aβ-induced oxidation in vitro. When given before or after the onset of Aβ deposition via i.p. injection, Edaravone substantially reduces Aβ deposition, alleviates oxidative stress, attenuates the downstream pathologies including Tau hyperphosphorylation, glial activation, neuroinflammation, neuronal loss, synaptic dysfunction, and rescues the behavioral deficits of APPswe/PS1 mice. Oral administration of Edaravone also ameliorates the AD-like pathologies and memory deficits of the mice. These findings suggest that Edaravone holds a promise as a therapeutic agent for AD by targeting multiple key pathways of the disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
31
|
Hamilton A, Zamponi GW, Ferguson SSG. Glutamate receptors function as scaffolds for the regulation of β-amyloid and cellular prion protein signaling complexes. Mol Brain 2015; 8:18. [PMID: 25888324 PMCID: PMC4395978 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-015-0107-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects 36 million people worldwide, but currently has no effective treatment options. One of the original hallmarks of AD are plaques comprised of beta amyloid (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles comprised of phosphorylated Tau protein. However, it is soluble oligomeric Aβ which is more closely correlated with cognitive decline and is therefore considered to be the neurotoxic species. Oligomeric Aβ has recently been shown to form complexes with the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored membrane protein, cellular prion protein (PrP(c)), and these complexes are believed to play an important role in the progression of AD pathogenesis. Glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter is responsible for mediating learning and memory under normal physiological conditions. However, the dysregulation of glutamatergic signaling has also been implicated in a number of neurodegenerative diseases including AD. Glutamate acts via both ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluR) and metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR), each of which have been implicated in AD. There is now growing evidence to suggest that mGluR5 may contribute the AD pathogenesis by acting as scaffolds for the PrP(c)/Aβ oligomer complex, enabling the propagation of neurotoxic signaling in AD. In addition, PrP(c) and Aβ oligomer signaling via NMDARs may also contribute to AD pathology. The current review overviews our current understanding of the role of PrP(c) and Aβ oligomers in regulating glutamate receptor signaling, as well as highlights the importance of understanding these signaling complexes to develop more effective therapeutic strategies to treat AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison Hamilton
- J. Allyn Taylor Centre for Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, 100 Perth Dr, London, Ontario, N6A 5 K8, Canada.
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Gerald W Zamponi
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Stephen S G Ferguson
- J. Allyn Taylor Centre for Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, 100 Perth Dr, London, Ontario, N6A 5 K8, Canada.
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yang Q, Wu X, Sun J, Cui J, Li L. Epigenetic Features Induced by Ischemia-Hypoxia in Cultured Rat Astrocytes. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 53:436-445. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-9027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
33
|
Jung YY, Lee YJ, Choi DY, Hong JT. Amelioration of Cognitive Dysfunction in APP/PS1 Double Transgenic Mice by Long-Term Treatment of 4-O-Methylhonokiol. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2014; 22:232-8. [PMID: 25009704 PMCID: PMC4060074 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2014.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease without known ways to cure. A key neuropathologic manifestation of the disease is extracellular deposition of beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ). Specific mechanisms underlying the development of the disease have not yet been fully understood. In this study, we investigated effects of 4-O-methylhonokiol on memory dysfunction in APP/PS1 double transgenic mice. 4-O-methylhonokiol (1 mg/kg for 3 month) significantly reduced deficit in learning and memory of the transgenic mice, as determined by the Morris water maze test and step-through passive avoidance test. Our biochemical analysis suggested that 4-O-methylhonokiol ameliorated Aβ accumulation in the cortex and hippocampus via reduction in beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 expression. In addition, 4-O-methylhonokiol attenuated lipid peroxidation and elevated glutathione peroxidase activity in the double transgenic mice brains. Thus, suppressive effects of 4-O-methylhonokiol on Aβ generation and oxidative stress in the brains of transgenic mice may be responsible for the enhancement in cognitive function. These results suggest that the natural compound has potential to intervene memory deficit and progressive neurodegeneration in AD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yeon Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763
| | - Young-Jung Lee
- School of Equine industries, Cheju Halla University, Jeju 690-708
| | - Dong-Young Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bereiter-Hahn J. Do we age because we have mitochondria? PROTOPLASMA 2014; 251:3-23. [PMID: 23794102 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-013-0515-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The process of aging remains a great riddle. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by mitochondria is an inevitable by-product of respiration, which has led to a hypothesis proposing the oxidative impairment of mitochondrial components (e.g., mtDNA, proteins, lipids) that initiates a vicious cycle of dysfunctional respiratory complexes producing more ROS, which again impairs function. This does not exclude other processes acting in parallel or targets for ROS action in other organelles than mitochondria. Given that aging is defined as the process leading to death, the role of mitochondria-based impairments in those organ systems responsible for human death (e.g., the cardiovascular system, cerebral dysfunction, and cancer) is described within the context of "garbage" accumulation and increasing insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and glycation of proteins. Mitochondrial mass, fusion, and fission are important factors in coping with impaired function. Both biogenesis of mitochondria and their degradation are important regulatory mechanisms stimulated by physical exercise and contribute to healthy aging. The hypothesis of mitochondria-related aging should be revised to account for the limitations of the degradative capacity of the lysosomal system. The processes involved in mitochondria-based impairments are very similar across a large range of organisms. Therefore, studies on model organisms from yeast, fungi, nematodes, flies to vertebrates, and from cells to organisms also add considerably to the understanding of human aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Bereiter-Hahn
- Institut für Zellbiologie und Neurowissenschaften, Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Lauestrasse 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gelfo F, Petrosini L, Graziano A, De Bartolo P, Burello L, Vitale E, Polverino A, Iuliano A, Sorrentino G, Mandolesi L. Cortical metabolic deficits in a rat model of cholinergic basal forebrain degeneration. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:2114-23. [PMID: 23925861 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1120-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that the degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons may represent an important factor underlying the progressive cognitive decline characterizing Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the nature of the relationship between cholinergic depletion and AD is not fully elucidated. This study aimed at clarifying some aspects of the relation existing between deficits in cerebral energy metabolism and degeneration of cholinergic system in AD, by investigating the neuronal metabolic activity of several cortical areas after depletion of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons. In cholinergically depleted rats, we evaluated the neuronal metabolic activity by assaying cytochrome oxidase (CO) activity in frontal, parietal and posterior parietal cortices at four different time-points after unilateral injection of 192 IgG-saporin in the nucleus basalis magnocellularis. Unilateral depletion of cholinergic cells in the basal forebrain induced a bilateral decrease of metabolic activity in all the analyzed areas. Frontal and parietal cortices showed decreased metabolic activity even 3 days after the lesion, when the cholinergic degeneration was still incomplete. In posterior parietal cortex metabolic activity decreased only 7 days after the lesion. The possible molecular mechanisms underlying these findings were also investigated. Real-time PCR showed an increase of CO mRNA levels at 3, 7 and 15 days after the lesion both in frontal and parietal cortices, followed by normalization at 30 days. Western Blot analysis did not show any change in CO protein levels at any time-point after the lesion. Our findings support a link between metabolic deficit and cholinergic hypofunctionality characterizing AD pathology. The present model of cholinergic hypofunctionality provides a useful means to study the complex mechanisms linking two fundamental and interrelated phenomena characterizing AD from the early stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gelfo
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, 00143, Rome, Italy,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Otaegui-Arrazola A, Amiano P, Elbusto A, Urdaneta E, Martínez-Lage P. Diet, cognition, and Alzheimer's disease: food for thought. Eur J Nutr 2013; 53:1-23. [PMID: 23892520 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-013-0561-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become a real challenge due to its rising prevalence and the lack of an effective cure. Diet and nutrients have gained significant interest as potentially modifiable protective factors. PURPOSE The aim of this review is to provide an updated summary of evidence related to the effect of diet and nutritional factors on the risk of AD and cognitive aging, and discuss the potential mechanisms and confounding factors involved. METHODS A search was conducted in Medline and Web of Knowledge for epidemiological and clinical studies in the international literature from January 2000 to February 2013 using combinations of the following keywords: "Alzheimer's disease", "mild cognitive impairment", "cognitive function", "dietary factors", "omega-3", "antioxidants", "B vitamins", "dietary patterns", and "Mediterranean diet". RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Data from observational studies point to a protective role for certain nutrients, such as omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants or B vitamins, and dietary patterns (Mediterranean diet). However, data from randomized controlled trials do not show a consistent effect. Whether confounding factors such as age, disease stage, other dietary components, cooking processes, and other methodological issues explain the divergent results remains to be established. Moreover, if certain nutrients protect against dementia, it is as yet unknown whether they may have a general effect on brain vascular health or directly interfere with the etiopathogenesis of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ane Otaegui-Arrazola
- Department of Neurology, Fundación CITA-alzhéimer Fundazioa, Paseo Mikeletegi 71, Planta 1, 20009, San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spain,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Campolo J, De Maria R, Mariotti C, Tomasello C, Parolini M, Frontali M, Inzitari D, Valenti R, Federico A, Taroni F, Parodi O. Is the oxidant/antioxidant status altered in CADASIL patients? PLoS One 2013; 8:e67077. [PMID: 23799141 PMCID: PMC3682996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The altered aggregation of proteins in non-native conformation is associated with endoplasmic reticulum derangements, mitochondrial dysfunction and excessive production of reactive oxygen species. Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a rare hereditary systemic vasculopathy, caused by NOTCH3 mutations within the receptor extracellular domain, that lead to abnormal accumulation of the mutated protein in the vascular wall. NOTCH3 misfolding could cause free radicals increase also in CADASIL. Aim of the study was to verify whether CADASIL patients have increased oxidative stress compared to unrelated healthy controls. We enrolled 15 CADASIL patients and 16 gender- and age-matched healthy controls with comparable cardiovascular risk factor. Blood and plasma reduced and total aminothiols (homocysteine, cysteine, glutathione, cysteinylglycine) were measured by HPLC and plasma 3-nitrotyrosine by ELISA. Only plasma reduced cysteine (Pr-Cys) and blood reduced glutathione (Br-GSH) concentrations differed between groups: in CADASIL patients Br-GSH levels were higher (p = 0.019) and Pr-Cys lower (p = 0.010) than in controls. No correlation was found between Br-GSH and Pr-Cys either in CADASIL patients (rho 0.25, P = 0.36) or in controls (rho -0.15, P = 0.44). Conversely, 3-nitrotyrosine values were similar in CADASIL and healthy subjects (p = 0.82). The high levels of antioxidant molecules and low levels of oxidant mediators found in our CADASIL population might either be expression of an effective protective action against free radical formation at an early stage of clinical symptoms or they could suggest that oxidative stress is not directly involved in the pathogenesis of CADASIL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonica Campolo
- Community Networking Resources Institute of Clinical Physiology, Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Refulio Z, Rocafuerte M, de la Rosa M, Mendoza G, Chambrone L. Association among stress, salivary cortisol levels, and chronic periodontitis. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2013; 43:96-100. [PMID: 23678393 PMCID: PMC3651943 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2013.43.2.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Chronic periodontitis (CP) seems to be associated with stress and depression, but little information on this possible association is available in the literature. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the association among stress, the salivary cortisol level (SCL), and CP. Methods Seventy systemically healthy subjects were included in the study from January to September 2011. Full medical and dental histories were obtained, and the following measurements were recorded: 1) probing depth; 2) clinical attachment level; 3) bleeding on probing; and 4) tooth mobility. Saliva samples were collected for the evaluation of SCL (via a highly sensitive electrochemiluminescence immunoassay), and all subjects also answered a questionnaire (i.e., the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale). The odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated, and one way analysis of variance and the Tukey-Kramer method were performed. Results A total of 36 subjects with CP (51.4%) and 34 without CP were evaluated. Of them, all of the subjects with CP and one periodontally healthy subject were diagnosed with depression. Subjects with moderate CP had statistically significantly higher levels of SCL than subjects with a diagnosis of slight CP (P=0.006). Also, subjects with severe CP showed the same outcome when compared to those with slight CP (P=0.012). In addition, 46 subjects presented high SCL whereas 24 had a normal level. CP was found to be correlated with the SCL, with an OR of 4.14 (95% CI, 1.43 to 12.01). Conclusions Subjects with a high SCL and depression may show an increased risk for CP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoila Refulio
- Department of Periodontology, Universidad San Martin de Porres, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chami L, Checler F. BACE1 is at the crossroad of a toxic vicious cycle involving cellular stress and β-amyloid production in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2012; 7:52. [PMID: 23039869 PMCID: PMC3507664 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-7-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex age-related pathology, the etiology of which has not been firmly delineated. Among various histological stigmata, AD-affected brains display several cellular dysfunctions reflecting enhanced oxidative stress, inflammation process and calcium homeostasis disturbance. Most of these alterations are directly or indirectly linked to amyloid β-peptides (Aβ), the production, molecular nature and biophysical properties of which likely conditions the degenerative process. It is particularly noticeable that, in a reverse control process, the above-described cellular dysfunctions alter Aβ peptides levels. β-secretase βAPP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is a key molecular contributor of this cross-talk. This enzyme is responsible for the primary cleavage generating the N-terminus of “full length” Aβ peptides and is also transcriptionally induced by several cellular stresses. This review summarizes data linking brain insults to AD-like pathology and documents the key role of BACE1 at the cross-road of a vicious cycle contributing to Aβ production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Chami
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR7275 CNRS/UNSA, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chami L, Buggia-Prévot V, Duplan E, Delprete D, Chami M, Peyron JF, Checler F. Nuclear factor-κB regulates βAPP and β- and γ-secretases differently at physiological and supraphysiological Aβ concentrations. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:24573-84. [PMID: 22654105 PMCID: PMC3397882 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.333054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Anatomical lesions in Alzheimer disease-affected brains mainly consist of senile plaques, inflammation stigmata, and oxidative stress. The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a stress-activated transcription factor that is activated around senile plaques. We have assessed whether NF-κB could be differentially regulated at physiological or supraphysiological levels of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides. Under these experimental conditions, we delineated the putative NF-κB-dependent modulation of all cellular participants in Aβ production, namely its precursor βAPP (β-amyloid precursor protein) and the β- and γ-secretases, the two enzymatic machines involved in Aβ genesis. Under physiological conditions, NF-κB lowers the transcriptional activity of the promoters of βAPP, β-secretase (β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1, BACE1), and of the four protein components (Aph-1, Pen-2, nicastrin, presenilin-1, or presenilin-2) of the γ-secretase in HEK293 cells. This was accompanied by a reduction of both protein levels and enzymatic activities, thereby ultimately yielding lower amounts of Aβ and AICD (APP intracellular domain). In stably transfected Swedish βAPP-expressing HEK293 cells triggering supraphysiological concentrations of Aβ peptides, NF-κB activates the transcription of βAPP, BACE1, and some of the γ-secretase members and increases protein expression and enzymatic activities, resulting in enhanced Aβ production. Our pharmacological approach using distinct NF-κB kinase modulators indicates that both NF-κB canonical and alternative pathways are involved in the control of Aβ production. Overall, our data demonstrate that under physiological conditions, NF-κB triggers a repressive effect on Aβ production that contributes to maintaining its homeostasis, while NF-κB participates in a degenerative cycle where Aβ would feed its own production under pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Chami
- From the Équipe Labellisée “Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale” and “Excellence Laboratory Distalz”, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR7275 CNRS/UNSA, 660 Route des Lucioles, 06560, Valbonne, France and
| | - Virginie Buggia-Prévot
- From the Équipe Labellisée “Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale” and “Excellence Laboratory Distalz”, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR7275 CNRS/UNSA, 660 Route des Lucioles, 06560, Valbonne, France and
| | - Eric Duplan
- From the Équipe Labellisée “Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale” and “Excellence Laboratory Distalz”, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR7275 CNRS/UNSA, 660 Route des Lucioles, 06560, Valbonne, France and
| | - Dolores Delprete
- From the Équipe Labellisée “Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale” and “Excellence Laboratory Distalz”, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR7275 CNRS/UNSA, 660 Route des Lucioles, 06560, Valbonne, France and
| | - Mounia Chami
- From the Équipe Labellisée “Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale” and “Excellence Laboratory Distalz”, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR7275 CNRS/UNSA, 660 Route des Lucioles, 06560, Valbonne, France and
| | - Jean-François Peyron
- the Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, UMR INSERM U895/UNS, 151 route Saint Antoine de Ginestière, BP 2 3194, 06204 Nice Cedex 3, France
| | - Frédéric Checler
- From the Équipe Labellisée “Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale” and “Excellence Laboratory Distalz”, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR7275 CNRS/UNSA, 660 Route des Lucioles, 06560, Valbonne, France and
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ribarič S. The pharmacological properties and therapeutic use of apomorphine. Molecules 2012; 17:5289-309. [PMID: 22565480 PMCID: PMC6268166 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17055289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 04/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Apomorphine (APO) is an aporphine derivative used in human and veterinary medicine. APO activates D1, D2S, D2L, D3, D4, and D5 receptors (and is thus classified as a non-selective dopamine agonist), serotonin receptors (5HT1A, 5HT2A, 5HT2B, and 5HT2C), and α-adrenergic receptors (α1B, α1D, α2A, α2B, and α2C). In veterinary medicine, APO is used to induce vomiting in dogs, an important early treatment for some common orally ingested poisons (e.g., anti-freeze or insecticides). In human medicine, it has been used in a variety of treatments ranging from the treatment of addiction (i.e., to heroin, alcohol or cigarettes), for treatment of erectile dysfunction in males and hypoactive sexual desire disorder in females to the treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Currently, APO is used in patients with advanced PD, for the treatment of persistent and disabling motor fluctuations which do not respond to levodopa or other dopamine agonists, either on its own or in combination with deep brain stimulation. Recently, a new and potentially important therapeutic role for APO in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease has been suggested; APO seems to stimulate Aβ catabolism in an animal model and cell culture, thus reducing the rate of Aβ oligomerisation and consequent neural cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samo Ribarič
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Qu ZQ, Zhou Y, Zeng YS, Lin YK, Li Y, Zhong ZQ, Chan WY. Protective effects of a Rhodiola crenulata extract and salidroside on hippocampal neurogenesis against streptozotocin-induced neural injury in the rat. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29641. [PMID: 22235318 PMCID: PMC3250459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously we have demonstrated that a Rhodiola crenulata extract (RCE), containing a potent antioxidant salidroside, promotes neurogenesis in the hippocampus of depressive rats. The current study was designed to further investigate the protective effect of the RCE on neurogenesis in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) induced by an intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (STZ), and to determine whether this neuroprotective effect is induced by the antioxidative activity of salidroside. Our results showed that pretreatment with the RCE significantly improved the impaired neurogenesis and simultaneously reduced the oxidative stress in the hippocampus of AD rats. In vitro studies revealed that (1) exposure of neural stem cells (NSCs) from the hippocampus to STZ strikingly increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, induced cell death and perturbed cell proliferation and differentiation, (2) hydrogen peroxide induced similar cellular activities as STZ, (3) pre-incubation of STZ-treated NSCs with catalase, an antioxidant, suppressed all these cellular activities induced by STZ, and (4) likewise, pre-incubation of STZ-treated NSCs with salidroside, also an antioxidant, suppressed all these activities as catalase: reduction of ROS levels and NSC death with simultaneous increases in proliferation and differentiation. Our findings indicated that the RCE improved the impaired hippocampal neurogenesis in the rat model of AD through protecting NSCs by its main ingredient salidroside which scavenged intracellular ROS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ze-qiang Qu
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-shan Zeng
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-kun Lin
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-qiang Zhong
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wood Yee Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Yan SS, Chen D, Yan S, Guo L, Du H, Chen JX. RAGE is a key cellular target for Abeta-induced perturbation in Alzheimer's disease. Front Biosci (Schol Ed) 2012. [PMID: 22202057 DOI: 10.2741/265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
RAGE, a receptor for advanced glycation endproducts, is an immunoglobulin-like cell surface receptor that is often described as a pattern recognition receptor due to the structural heterogeneity of its ligand. RAGE is an important cellular cofactor for amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta)-mediated cellular perturbation relevant to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The interaction of RAGE with Abeta in neurons, microglia, and vascular cells accelerates and amplifies deleterious effects on neuronal and synaptic function. RAGE-dependent signaling contributes to Abeta-mediated amyloid pathology and cognitive dysfunction observed in the AD mouse model. Blockade of RAGE significantly attenuates neuronal and synaptic injury. In this review, we summarize the role of RAGE in the pathogenesis of AD, specifically in Abeta-induced cellular perturbation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shirley ShiDu Yan
- Department of Surgery, Physicians and Surgeons College of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Yan SS, Chen D, Yan S, Guo L, Du H, Chen JX. RAGE is a key cellular target for Abeta-induced perturbation in Alzheimer's disease. Front Biosci (Schol Ed) 2012; 4:240-250. [PMID: 22202057 PMCID: PMC3687351 DOI: 10.2741/s265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
RAGE, a receptor for advanced glycation endproducts, is an immunoglobulin-like cell surface receptor that is often described as a pattern recognition receptor due to the structural heterogeneity of its ligand. RAGE is an important cellular cofactor for amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta)-mediated cellular perturbation relevant to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The interaction of RAGE with Abeta in neurons, microglia, and vascular cells accelerates and amplifies deleterious effects on neuronal and synaptic function. RAGE-dependent signaling contributes to Abeta-mediated amyloid pathology and cognitive dysfunction observed in the AD mouse model. Blockade of RAGE significantly attenuates neuronal and synaptic injury. In this review, we summarize the role of RAGE in the pathogenesis of AD, specifically in Abeta-induced cellular perturbation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shirley ShiDu Yan
- Department of Surgery, Physicians and Surgeons College of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
The mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ prevents loss of spatial memory retention and early neuropathology in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci 2011; 31:15703-15. [PMID: 22049413 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0552-11.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress contribute to the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We examined the ability of the novel mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ (mitoquinone mesylate: [10-(4,5-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,6-dioxo-1,4-cycloheexadienl-yl) decyl triphenylphosphonium methanesulfonate]) to prevent AD-like pathology in mouse cortical neurons in cell culture and in a triple transgenic mouse model of AD (3xTg-AD). MitoQ attenuated β-amyloid (Aβ)-induced neurotoxicity in cortical neurons and also prevented increased production of reactive species and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ(m)) in them. To determine whether the mitochondrial protection conferred by MitoQ was sufficient to prevent the emergence of AD-like neuropathology in vivo, we treated young female 3xTg-AD mice with MitoQ for 5 months and analyzed the effect on the progression of AD-like pathologies. Our results show that MitoQ prevented cognitive decline in these mice as well as oxidative stress, Aβ accumulation, astrogliosis, synaptic loss, and caspase activation in their brains. The work presented herein suggests a central role for mitochondria in neurodegeneration and provides evidence supporting the use of mitochondria-targeted therapeutics in diseases involving oxidative stress and metabolic failure, namely AD.
Collapse
|
46
|
Guo LL, Guan ZZ, Wang YL. Scutellarin protects against Aβ-induced learning and memory deficits in rats: involvement of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and cholinesterase. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2011; 32:1446-53. [PMID: 21986571 PMCID: PMC4010214 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2011.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To examine the protective effects of scutellarin (Scu) on rats with learning and memory deficit induced by β-amyloid peptide (Aβ). METHODS Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: control, sham operation, Aβ, Aβ+Scu, and Aβ+piracetam groups. Aβ(25-35) was injected into the lateral ventricle (10 μg each side). Scu (10 mg/2 mL) or piracetam (10 mg/2 mL was intragastrically administered per day for 20 consecutive days following Aβ treatment. Learning and memory was assessed with Morris water maze test. The protein and mRNA levels of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) α4, α7, and β2 subunits in the brain were examined using Western blotting and real-time PCR, respectively. The activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) in the brain and plasma were measured using Ellman's colorimetric method. RESULTS In Aβ group, the escape latency period and first platform cross was significantly increased, and the total number of platform crossings was significantly decreased, as compared with the control and the sham operation groups. Both Scu and piracetam treatment significantly reduced the escape latency period and time to cross platform, and increased the number of platform crosses, but there were no significant differences between Aβ+Scu and Aβ+piracetam groups. In Aβ group, the protein levels of nAChR α4 and α7 subunits in the cerebral cortex were significantly decreased by 42%-47% and 58%-61%, respectively, as compared to the control and the sham operation groups. Scu treatment caused upregulation of α4 and α7 subunit proteins by around 24% and 30%, respectively, as compared to Aβ group, but there were no significant differences between Aβ+Scu and Aβ+piracetam groups. The protein level of nAChR β2 subunit had no significant difference among different groups. The mRNA levels of nAChR α4, α7, and β2 subunits were not significantly changed. In Aβ group, the activities of AChE and BuChE in the brain were significantly increased, but were significantly decreased in the plasma, as compared to the control and the sham operation groups. Scu or piracetam treatment restored the activities in brain and plasma nearly to the levels in the control group. CONCLUSION The results suggest that Scu may rescue some of the deleterious effects of Aβ, possibly by stimulating nAChR protein translation and regulating cholinesterase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-li Guo
- Pathological Department of Affiliated Hospital, Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Zhi-zhong Guan
- Pathological Department of Affiliated Hospital, Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, China
- Key Lab of Molecular Biology, Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Yong-lin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Younessi P, Yoonessi A. Advanced glycation end-products and their receptor-mediated roles: inflammation and oxidative stress. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2011; 36:154-66. [PMID: 23358382 PMCID: PMC3556769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Revised: 12/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Glycation is a protein modification, which results in a change in a protein structure. Glycation is believed to be the etiology of various age-related diseases such as diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Activation of microglia and resident macrophages in the brain by glycated proteins with subsequent oxidative stress and cytokine release may be an important factor in the progression of AD. It is also suggested that interaction between an advanced glycation end product (AGE) and its receptor (RAGE) results in glial activation as well as cytokine release and reactive oxygen species release. The use of antioxidants, receptor mediated compounds and reactive oxygen species scavenging enzyme produce an opportunity to intervene with AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, and thereby to slow down the progression of aging-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Younessi
- Centre for Complementary Medicine Research, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown Campus, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Applied Science, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Ali Yoonessi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Technologies, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
McGrowder D, Riley C, Morrison EYSA, Gordon L. The role of high-density lipoproteins in reducing the risk of vascular diseases, neurogenerative disorders, and cancer. CHOLESTEROL 2010; 2011:496925. [PMID: 21490772 PMCID: PMC3065895 DOI: 10.1155/2011/496925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is one of the major carriers of cholesterol in the blood. It attracts particular attention because, in contrast with other lipoproteins, as many physiological functions of HDL influence the cardiovascular system in favourable ways unless HDL is modified pathologically. The functions of HDL that have recently attracted attention include anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. High anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of HDL are associated with protection from cardiovascular disease. Atheroprotective activities, as well as a functional deficiency of HDL, ultimately depend on the protein and lipid composition of HDL. Further, numerous epidemiological studies have shown a protective association between HDL-cholesterol and cognitive impairment. Oxidative stress, including lipid peroxidation, has been shown to be the mediator of the pathologic effects of numerous risk factors of Alzheimer's disease. Lifestyle interventions proven to increase HDL- cholesterol levels including "healthy" diet, regular exercise, weight control, and smoking cessation have also been shown to provide neuro-protective effects. This review will focus on current knowledge of the beneficial effects of HDL-cholesterol as it relates to cardiovascular diseases, breast and lung cancers, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, as well as its neuroprotective potential in reducing the risk of Alzheimer's disease and dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donovan McGrowder
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Cliff Riley
- College of Health Sciences, University of Technology, 237 Old Hope Road, Kingston 6, Jamaica
| | | | - Lorenzo Gordon
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Johnstone SE, Baylin SB. Stress and the epigenetic landscape: a link to the pathobiology of human diseases? Nat Rev Genet 2010; 11:806-12. [PMID: 20921961 DOI: 10.1038/nrg2881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence points to a major role for chronic stress of cell renewal systems in the pathogenesis of important human diseases, including cancer, atherosclerosis and diabetes. Here we discuss emerging evidence that epigenetic abnormalities may make substantial contributions to these stress-induced pathologies. Although the mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated, we suggest that chronic stress can elicit heritable changes in the chromatin landscape that 'lock' cells in abnormal states, which then lead to disease. We emphasize the need to investigate epigenetic states in disease and links to stress and to consider how the knowledge gained through these studies may foster new means of disease prevention and management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Johnstone
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Research Center at Johns Hopkins, Bunting Blaustein Cancer Research Building, 1650 Orleans Street, Suite 544, Baltimore, Maryland 21231-1000, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ward MA, Bendlin BB, McLaren DG, Hess TM, Gallagher CL, Kastman EK, Rowley HA, Asthana S, Carlsson CM, Sager MA, Johnson SC. Low HDL Cholesterol is Associated with Lower Gray Matter Volume in Cognitively Healthy Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2010; 2. [PMID: 20725527 PMCID: PMC2914583 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2010.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 06/26/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is common in adults and contributes to high rates of cardiovascular disease and may be linked to subsequent neurodegenerative and neurovascular diseases. This study examined whether lower brain volumes and cognition associated with dyslipidemia could be observed in cognitively healthy adults, and whether apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype or family history of Alzheimer's disease (FHAD) alters this effect. T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine regional brain gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) in 183 individuals (58.4 ± 8.0 years) using voxel-based morphometry. A non-parametric multiple linear regression model was used to assess the effect of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and non-HDL cholesterol, APOE, and FHAD on regional GM and WM volume. A post hoc analysis was used to assess whether any significant correlations found within the volumetric analysis had an effect on cognition. HDL was positively correlated with GM volume in the bilateral temporal poles, middle temporal gyri, temporo-occipital gyri, and left superior temporal gyrus and parahippocampal region. This effect was independent of APOE and FHAD. A significant association between HDL and the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test was found. Additionally, GM volume within the right middle temporal gyrus, the region most affected by HDL, was significantly associated with the Controlled Oral Word Association Test and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. These findings suggest that adults with decreased levels of HDL cholesterol may be experiencing cognitive changes and GM reductions in regions associated with neurodegenerative disease and therefore, may be at greater risk for future cognitive decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Ward
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|