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Taraschenko O, Fox HS, Heliso P, Al-Saleem F, Dessain S, Kim WY, Samuelson MM, Dingledine R. Memory loss and aberrant neurogenesis in mice exposed to patient anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antibodies. Exp Neurol 2024; 378:114838. [PMID: 38801989 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis results in chronic epilepsy and permanent cognitive impairment. One of the possible causes of cognitive impairment in anti-NMDAR could be aberrant neurogenesis, an established contributor to memory loss in idiopathic drug-resistant epilepsy. We developed a mouse model of anti-NMDAR encephalitis and showed that mice exposed to patient anti-NMDAR antibodies for 2 weeks developed seizures and memory loss. In the present study, we assessed the delayed effects of patient-derived antibodies on cognitive phenotype and examined the corresponding changes in hippocampal neurogenesis. METHODS Monoclonal anti-NMDAR antibodies or control antibodies were continuously infused into the lateral ventricle of male C56BL/6J mice (8-12 weeks) via osmotic minipumps for 2 weeks. The motor and anxiety phenotypes were assessed using the open field paradigm, and hippocampal memory and learning were assessed using the object location, Y maze, and Barnes maze paradigms during weeks 1 and 3-4 of antibody washout. The numbers of newly matured granule neurons (Prox-1+) and immature progenitor cells (DCX+) as well as their spatial distribution within the hippocampus were assessed at these time points. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU, 50 mg/kg, i.p., daily) was injected on days 2-12 of the infusion, and proliferating cell immunoreactivity was compared in antibody-treated mice and control mice during week 4 of the washout. RESULTS Mice infused with anti-NMDAR antibodies demonstrated spatial memory impairment during week 1 of antibody washout (p = 0.02, t-test; n = 9-11). Histological analysis of hippocampal sections from these mice revealed an increased ectopic displacement of Prox-1+ cells in the dentate hilus compared to the control-antibody-treated mice (p = 0.01; t-test). Mice exposed to anti-NMDAR antibodies also had an impairment of spatial memory and learning during weeks 3-4 of antibody washout (object location: p = 0.009; t-test; Y maze: p = 0.006, t-test; Barnes maze: p = 0.008, ANOVA; n = 8-10). These mice showed increased ratios of the low proliferating (bright) to fast proliferating (faint) BrdU+ cell counts and decreased number of DCX+ cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (p = 0.006 and p = 0.04, respectively; t-tests) suggesting ectopic migration and delayed cell proliferation. SIGNIFICANCE These findings suggest that memory and learning impairments induced by patient anti-NMDAR antibodies are sustained upon removal of antibodies and are accompanied by aberrant hippocampal neurogenesis. Interventions directed at the manipulation of neuronal plasticity in patients with encephalitis and cognitive loss may be protective and therapeutically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Taraschenko
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Division of Epilepsy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America.
| | - Howard S Fox
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Division of Epilepsy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Priscilla Heliso
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Division of Epilepsy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Fetweh Al-Saleem
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, United States of America
| | - Scott Dessain
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, United States of America
| | - Woo-Yang Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States of America
| | - Mystera M Samuelson
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Raymond Dingledine
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
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O'Brien ES, Rangari VA, El Daibani A, Eans SO, Hammond HR, White E, Wang H, Shiimura Y, Krishna Kumar K, Jiang Q, Appourchaux K, Huang W, Zhang C, Kennedy BJ, Mathiesen JM, Che T, McLaughlin JP, Majumdar S, Kobilka BK. A µ-opioid receptor modulator that works cooperatively with naloxone. Nature 2024; 631:686-693. [PMID: 38961287 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07587-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The µ-opioid receptor (µOR) is a well-established target for analgesia1, yet conventional opioid receptor agonists cause serious adverse effects, notably addiction and respiratory depression. These factors have contributed to the current opioid overdose epidemic driven by fentanyl2, a highly potent synthetic opioid. µOR negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) may serve as useful tools in preventing opioid overdose deaths, but promising chemical scaffolds remain elusive. Here we screened a large DNA-encoded chemical library against inactive µOR, counter-screening with active, G-protein and agonist-bound receptor to 'steer' hits towards conformationally selective modulators. We discovered a NAM compound with high and selective enrichment to inactive µOR that enhances the affinity of the key opioid overdose reversal molecule, naloxone. The NAM works cooperatively with naloxone to potently block opioid agonist signalling. Using cryogenic electron microscopy, we demonstrate that the NAM accomplishes this effect by binding a site on the extracellular vestibule in direct contact with naloxone while stabilizing a distinct inactive conformation of the extracellular portions of the second and seventh transmembrane helices. The NAM alters orthosteric ligand kinetics in therapeutically desirable ways and works cooperatively with low doses of naloxone to effectively inhibit various morphine-induced and fentanyl-induced behavioural effects in vivo while minimizing withdrawal behaviours. Our results provide detailed structural insights into the mechanism of negative allosteric modulation of the µOR and demonstrate how this can be exploited in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Allosteric Regulation/drug effects
- Analgesics, Opioid/antagonists & inhibitors
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Binding Sites/drug effects
- Cryoelectron Microscopy
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Fentanyl/antagonists & inhibitors
- Fentanyl/pharmacology
- Kinetics
- Ligands
- Models, Molecular
- Morphine/antagonists & inhibitors
- Morphine/pharmacology
- Naloxone/administration & dosage
- Naloxone/chemistry
- Naloxone/metabolism
- Naloxone/pharmacology
- Narcotic Antagonists/administration & dosage
- Narcotic Antagonists/chemistry
- Narcotic Antagonists/metabolism
- Narcotic Antagonists/pharmacology
- Opiate Overdose/drug therapy
- Protein Conformation/drug effects
- Protein Stability/drug effects
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/chemistry
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Sf9 Cells
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Small Molecule Libraries/chemistry
- Small Molecule Libraries/pharmacology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan S O'Brien
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vipin Ashok Rangari
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy at St Louis and Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amal El Daibani
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy at St Louis and Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shainnel O Eans
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Haylee R Hammond
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Elizabeth White
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Haoqing Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yuki Shiimura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kaavya Krishna Kumar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Qianru Jiang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy at St Louis and Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kevin Appourchaux
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy at St Louis and Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Weijiao Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chensong Zhang
- Division of CryoEM and Bioimaging, SSRL, SLAC National Acceleration Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | - Jesper M Mathiesen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tao Che
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy at St Louis and Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jay P McLaughlin
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Susruta Majumdar
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy at St Louis and Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Brian K Kobilka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Painter H, Willcocks S, Zelmer A, Reljic R, Tanner R, Fletcher H. Demonstrating the utility of the ex vivo murine mycobacterial growth inhibition assay (MGIA) for high-throughput screening of tuberculosis vaccine candidates against multiple Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2024; 146:102494. [PMID: 38367368 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2024.102494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Human tuberculosis (TB) is caused by various members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) complex. Differences in host response to infection have been reported, illustrative of a need to evaluate efficacy of novel vaccine candidates against multiple strains in preclinical studies. We previously showed that the murine lung and spleen direct mycobacterial growth inhibition assay (MGIA) can be used to assess control of ex vivo mycobacterial growth by host cells. The number of mice required for the assay is significantly lower than in vivo studies, facilitating testing of multiple strains and/or the incorporation of other cellular analyses. Here, we provide proof-of-concept that the murine MGIA can be applied to evaluate vaccine-induced protection against multiple Mtb clinical isolates. Using an ancient and modern strain of the Mtb complex, we demonstrate that ex vivo bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-mediated mycobacterial growth inhibition recapitulates protection observed in the lung and spleen following in vivo infection of mice. Further, we provide the first report of cellular and transcriptional correlates of BCG-induced growth inhibition in the lung MGIA. The ex vivo MGIA represents a promising platform to gain early insight into vaccine performance against a collection of Mtb strains and improve preclinical evaluation of TB vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Painter
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
| | - Sam Willcocks
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Andrea Zelmer
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Rajko Reljic
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Rachel Tanner
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Helen Fletcher
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
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Arapi EA, Reynolds M, Ellison AR, Cable J. Restless nights when sick: ectoparasite infections alter rest-activity cycles of diurnal fish hosts. Parasitology 2024; 151:251-259. [PMID: 38372138 PMCID: PMC11007282 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182023001324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are timekeeping mechanisms responsible for an array of biological processes. Disruption of such cycles can detrimentally affect animal health. Circadian rhythms are critical in the co-evolution of host–parasite systems, as synchronization of parasite rhythms to the host can influence infection dynamics and transmission potential. This study examines the circadian rhythms in behaviour and activity of a model fish species (Poecilia reticulata) in isolation and in shoals, both when uninfected and infected with an ectoparasite (Gyrodactylus turnbulli). Additionally, the rhythmical variance of parasite activity under different light conditions as well as rhythmical variance in parasite transmissibility was explored. Overall, infection alters the circadian rhythm of fish, causing nocturnal restlessness. Increased activity of gyrodactylids on the host's skin at night could potentially contribute to this elevated host activity. Whilst migration of gyrodactylids across the host's skin may have caused irritation to the host resulting in nocturnal restlessness, the disruption in guppy activity rhythm caused by the expression of host innate immunity cannot be excluded. We discuss the wider repercussions such behavioural responses to infection have for host health, the implications for animal behaviour studies of diurnal species as well as the application of chronotherapeutic approaches to aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amy R. Ellison
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2DG, UK
| | - Jo Cable
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
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Connolly K, Batacan R, Jackson D, Fenning AS. Effects of epicatechin on cardiovascular function in middle-aged diet-induced obese rat models of metabolic syndrome. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:593-605. [PMID: 37732427 PMCID: PMC10803822 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452300209x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the cardiovascular effects of epicatechin, a flavonoid found in green tea and cocoa, in attenuating complications associated with metabolic syndrome in diet-induced obese rats. Male Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats aged 16 weeks were fed either standard rat chow or given a high-fat-high-carbohydrate (HFHC) diet for 20 weeks. Epicatechin treatment (5 mg/kg/d) was administered to a subset of WKY rats commencing at week 8 of the 20 week HFHC feeding period. Body weights, food, water and energy intakes, blood pressure, heart rate and glucose tolerance were measured throughout the treatment period. Oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, lipid levels, cardiac collagen deposition, cardiac electrical function, aortic and mesenteric vessel reactivity were examined after the treatment. Twenty weeks of HFHC feeding in WKY rats resulted in the development of metabolic syndrome indicated by the presence of abdominal obesity, dyslipidaemia, glucose intolerance and increased blood pressure. Epicatechin treatment was found to enhance the oxidative stress status in HFHC groups through an increase in serum nitric oxide levels and a decrease in 8-isoprostane concentrations. Furthermore, WKY-HFHC rats displayed a decrease in IL-6 levels. The lipid profiles in HFHC groups showed improvement, with a decrease in LDL-cholesterol and TAG and an increase in HDL-cholesterol levels observed in WKY-HFHC rats. However, epicatechin was not effective in preventing weight gain, glucose intolerance or hypertension in HFHC fed rats. Overall, the results of this study suggest that epicatechin has the potential to improve the underlying mechanisms associated with metabolic syndrome in obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie Connolly
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bruce Highway, Rockhampton, QLD4701, Australia
| | - Romeo Batacan
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bruce Highway, Rockhampton, QLD4701, Australia
| | - Douglas Jackson
- Australian Catholic University, 40 Edward St, North Sydney, NSW2060, Australia
| | - Andrew Stuart Fenning
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bruce Highway, Rockhampton, QLD4701, Australia
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6
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Tran MC, Crockett DC, Tran TK, Phan PA, Federico F, Bruce R, Perchiazzi G, Payne SJ, Farmery AD. Quantifying heterogeneity in an animal model of acute respiratory distress syndrome, a comparison of inspired sinewave technique to computed tomography. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4897. [PMID: 38418516 PMCID: PMC10902369 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55144-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The inspired sinewave technique (IST) is a non-invasive method to measure lung heterogeneity indices (including both uneven ventilation and perfusion or heterogeneity), which reveal multiple conditions of the lung and lung injury. To evaluate the reproducibility and predicted clinical outcomes of IST heterogeneity values, a comparison with a quantitative lung computed tomography (CT) scan is performed. Six anaesthetised pigs were studied after surfactant depletion by saline-lavage. Paired measurements of lung heterogeneity were then taken with both the IST and CT. Lung heterogeneity measured by the IST was calculated by (a) the ratio of tracer gas outputs measured at oscillation periods of 180 s and 60 s, and (b) by the standard deviation of the modelled log-normal distribution of ventilations and perfusions in the simulation lung. In the CT images, lungs were manually segmented and divided into different regions according to voxel density. A quantitative CT method to calculate the heterogeneity (the Cressoni method) was applied. The IST and CT show good Pearson correlation coefficients in lung heterogeneity measurements (ventilation: 0.71, and perfusion, 0.60, p < 0.001). Within individual animals, the coefficients of determination average ventilation (R2 = 0.53) and perfusion (R2 = 0.68) heterogeneity. Strong concordance rates of 98% in ventilation and 89% when the heterogeneity changes were reported in pairs measured by CT scanning and IST methods. This quantitative method to identify heterogeneity has the potential to replicate CT lung heterogeneity, and to aid individualised care in ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh C Tran
- Nuffield Division of Anesthetics, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Douglas C Crockett
- Nuffield Division of Anesthetics, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Tu K Tran
- Nuffield Division of Anesthetics, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Department of Engineering and Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Phi A Phan
- Nuffield Division of Anesthetics, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Formenti Federico
- Nuffield Division of Anesthetics, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiology, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Biomechanics, The University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, USA
| | - Richard Bruce
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gaetano Perchiazzi
- Hedenstierna Laboratory, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stephen J Payne
- Department of Engineering and Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew D Farmery
- Nuffield Division of Anesthetics, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
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7
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de Souza VS, Medeiros LF, Stein DJ, de Oliveira CL, Medeiros HR, Dussan-Sarria JA, Caumo W, de Souza A, Torres ILS. Transcranial direct current stimulation is more effective than pregabalin in controlling nociceptive and anxiety-like behaviors in a rat fibromyalgia-like model. Scand J Pain 2024; 24:sjpain-2023-0038. [PMID: 38557595 DOI: 10.1515/sjpain-2023-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the fact that fibromyalgia, a widespread disease of the musculoskeletal system, has no specific treatment, patients have shown improvement after pharmacological intervention. Pregabalin has demonstrated efficacy; however, its adverse effects may reduce treatment adherence. In this context, neuromodulatory techniques such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) may be employed as a complementary pain-relieving method. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of pregabalin and tDCS treatments on the behavioral and biomarker parameters of rats submitted to a fibromyalgia-like model. METHODS Forty adult male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: control and reserpine. Five days after the end of the administration of reserpine (1 mg/kg/3 days) to induce a fibromyalgia-like model, rats were randomly assigned to receive either vehicle or pregabalin (30 mg/kg) along with sham or active- tDCS treatments. The evaluated behavioral parameters included mechanical allodynia by von Frey test and anxiety-like behaviors by elevated plus-maze test (time spent in opened and closed arms, number of entries in opened and closed arms, protected head-dipping, unprotected head-dipping [NPHD], grooming, rearing, fecal boluses). The biomarker analysis (brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF] and tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]) was performed in brainstem and cerebral cortex and in serum. RESULTS tDCS reversed the reduction in the mechanical nociceptive threshold and the decrease in the serum BDNF levels induced by the model of fibromyalgia; however, there was no effect of pregabalin in the mechanical threshold. There were no effects of pregabalin or tDCS found in TNF-α levels. The pain model induced an increase in grooming time and a decrease in NPHD and rearing; while tDCS reversed the increase in grooming, pregabalin reversed the decrease in NPHD. CONCLUSIONS tDCS was more effective than pregabalin in controlling nociception and anxiety-like behavior in a rat model-like fibromyalgia. Considering the translational aspect, our findings suggest that tDCS could be a potential non-pharmacological treatment for fibromyalgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Silva de Souza
- Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Investigations - Center for Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-007, Brazil
| | - Liciane Fernandes Medeiros
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Investigations - Center for Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-007, Brazil
- Universidade La Salle, Canoas, RS, 92010-000, Brazil
- Post graduate program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Dirson João Stein
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Investigations - Center for Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-007, Brazil
- Post graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Science, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Camila Lino de Oliveira
- Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Investigations - Center for Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-007, Brazil
| | - Helouise Richardt Medeiros
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Investigations - Center for Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-007, Brazil
- Post graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Science, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | | | - Wolnei Caumo
- Post graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Science, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Andressa de Souza
- Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Investigations - Center for Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-007, Brazil
| | - Iraci L S Torres
- Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Investigations - Center for Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-007, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
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8
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Bachnas MA, Dekker GA, Mudigdo A, Purwanto B, Sulistyowati S, Dachlan EG, Akbar MIA, Chouw A, Sartika CR, Widjiati W. Mesenchymal stem cell secretome ameliorates over-expression of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and fetal growth restriction (FGR) in animal SLE model. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 36:2279931. [PMID: 37953255 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2023.2279931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the near future, stem cell research may lead to several major therapeutic innovations in medical practice. Secretome, a "by-product" of stem cell line cultures, has many advantages. Its easiness of storage, usage, and fast direct effect are some of those to consider. Fetal growth restriction (FGR) remains one of the significant challenges in maternal-fetal and neonatal medicine. Placentation failure is one of the most profound causal and is often related to increasing sFlt-1 in early pregnancy. This study aimed to investigate hUC-MSC secretome in ameliorating sFlt-1 and how to improve outcomes in preventing FGR in an animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pristane-induced systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a mouse model was used to represent placentation failure and its consequences. Twenty-one mice were randomized into three groups: (I) normal pregnancy, (II) SLE, and (III) SLE with secretome treatment. Pristane was administered in all Groups four weeks prior mating period. Secretome was derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSC) conditioned medium on the 3rd and 4th passage, around day-21 until day-28 from the start of culturing process. Mesenchymal stem cell was characterized using flow cytometry for CD105+, CD90+, and CD73+ surface antigen markers. Immunohistochemistry anlysis by using Remmele's Immunoreactive Score (IRS) was used to quantify the placental sFlt-1 expression in each group. Birth weight and length were analyzed as the secondary outcome. The number of fetuses obtained was also calculated for pregnancy loss comparison between Groups. RESULTS The administration of secretome of hUC-MSC was found to lower the expression of the placental sFlt-1 significantly in the pristane SLE animal model (10.30 ± 1.40 vs. 4.98 ± 2.57; p < 0.001) to a level seen in normal mouse pregnancies in Group I (3.88 ± 0.49; p = 0.159). Secretome also had a significant effect on preventing fetal growth restriction in the pristane SLE mouse model (birth weight: 354.29 ± 80.76 mg vs. 550 ± 64.03 mg; p < 0.001 and birth length: 14.43 ± 1.27 mm vs. 19.00 ± 1.41 mm), comparable to the birth weight and length of the normal pregnancy in Group I (540.29 ± 75.47 mg and 18.14 ± 1.34 mm, p = 0.808 and = 0.719). Secretome administration also showed a potential action to prevent high number of pregnancy loss as the number of fetuses obtained could be similar to those of mice in the normal pregnant Group (7.71 ± 1.11 vs. 7.86 ± 1.06; p = 0.794). CONCLUSIONS Administration of secretome lowers sFlt-1 expression in placenta, improves fetal growth, and prevents pregnancy loss in a mouse SLE model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adrianes Bachnas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret/Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Solo, Indonesia
| | - Gustaaf Albert Dekker
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Lyell-McEwin Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ambar Mudigdo
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret/Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Solo, Indonesia
| | - Bambang Purwanto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret/Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Solo, Indonesia
| | - Sri Sulistyowati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret/Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Solo, Indonesia
| | - Erry Gumilar Dachlan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga/Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Ilham Aldika Akbar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga/Airlangga University Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Angliana Chouw
- ProSTEM, Prodia StemCell Indonesia Laboratory, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Widjiati Widjiati
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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9
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Acosta-Mares P, Violante-Soria V, Browne T, Cruz SL. Xylazine potentiates the lethal but not the rewarding effects of fentanyl in mice. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 253:110993. [PMID: 37883846 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fentanyl is commonly laced with xylazine. People who use this combination report heightened effects, but it also increases death risk. Although no medication has been approved to counteract overdoses produced by fentanyl and xylazine, naloxone is frequently used. This paper studies the preclinical rewarding and lethal effects of fentanyl combined with xylazine and the efficacy of yohimbine or naloxone to prevent death. METHODS Male Swiss Webster mice were treated with (in mg/kg, i.p.) xylazine (0.3, 1, 3, or 5.6), fentanyl (0.01, 0.3, or 0.1), or 1 xylazine plus 0.01 (non-effective) or 0.1 (effective) fentanyl doses during the conditioned-place preference (CPP) test. In addition, independent groups received (in mg/kg, i.p.): xylazine (31.6, 60, 74.2, or 100), fentanyl (3.1 or 10), or both substances at two doses: 31.6 xylazine + 3.1 fentanyl, or 60 xylazine + 10 fentanyl to analyze lethal effects. We determined whether yohimbine or naloxone (each medication tested at 10 or 30mg/kg) could prevent the lethality produced by fentanyl/xylazine combinations. Female mice were also tested in key experiments. RESULTS Xylazine neither induced CPP nor altered fentanyl's rewarding effects. In contrast, lethality was potentiated when fentanyl was combined with xylazine. Naloxone, but not yohimbine, effectively prevented the lethality of the fentanyl/xylazine combinations. CONCLUSIONS At the doses tested, xylazine does not increase the rewarding effect of fentanyl on the CPP in male mice but potentiates the risk of fatal overdose in male and female mice. A high naloxone dose prevents death induced by coadministration of fentanyl and xylazine in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palmira Acosta-Mares
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Valeria Violante-Soria
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Thom Browne
- Colombo Plan Secretariat, Drug Advisory Program, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Silvia L Cruz
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico.
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10
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Bergen P, Munro BA, Pang DSJ. Quality of reporting of prospective in vivo and ex vivo studies published in the Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care over a 10-year period (2009-2019). J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2023; 33:435-441. [PMID: 37436848 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the reporting of key items associated with risk of bias and weak study design over a 10-year period. DESIGN Literature survey. SETTING Not applicable. ANIMALS Not applicable. INTERVENTIONS Papers published in the Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care between 2009 and 2019 were screened for inclusion. Inclusion criteria consisted of prospective experimental studies describing in vivo or ex vivo research (or both), containing at least 2 comparison groups. Identified papers had identifying information (publication date, volume and issue, authors, affiliations) redacted by an individual not involved with paper selection or review. Two reviewers independently reviewed all papers and applied an operationalized checklist to categorize item reporting as fully reported, partially reported, not reported, or not applicable. Items assessed included randomization, blinding, data handling (inclusions and exclusions), and sample size estimation. Differences in assessment between reviewers were resolved by consensus with a third reviewer. A secondary aim was to document availability of data used to generate study results. Papers were screened for links to access data in the text and supporting information. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS After screening, 109 papers were included. Eleven papers were excluded during full-text review, with 98 papers included in the final analysis. Randomization was fully reported in 31.6% of papers (31/98). Blinding was fully reported in 31.6% of papers (31/98). Inclusion criteria were fully reported in all papers. Exclusion criteria were fully reported in 60.2% of papers (59/98). Sample size estimation was fully reported in 8.0% of papers (6/75). No papers (0/99) made data freely available without a requirement to contact study authors. CONCLUSIONS There is substantial room for improvement in reporting of randomization, blinding, data exclusions, and sample size estimations. Evaluation of study quality by readers is limited by the low reporting levels identified, and the risk of bias present indicates a potential for inflated effect sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige Bergen
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brittany A Munro
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniel S J Pang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
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11
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Sexual satiety modifies methamphetamine-induced locomotor and rewarding effects and dopamine-related protein levels in the striatum of male rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:797-812. [PMID: 36745226 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06322-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Drug and natural rewarding stimuli activate the mesolimbic dopaminergic system. Both methamphetamine (Meth) and copulation to satiety importantly increase dopamine (DA) release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), but with differences in magnitude. This paper analyzes the interaction between Meth administration and the intense sexual activity associated with sexual satiety. OBJECTIVES To evaluate possible changes in Meth-induced behavioral effects and striatal DA-related protein expression due to sexual satiety. METHODS Meth-induced locomotor activity and conditioned place preference (CPP) were tested in sexually experienced male rats that copulated to satiety (S-S) or ejaculated once (1E) the day before or displayed no sexual activity (control group; C). DA receptors and DA transporter expression were determined by western blot in the striatum of animals of all sexual conditions treated with specific Meth doses. RESULTS Meth's locomotor and rewarding effects were exacerbated in S-S animals, while in 1E rats, only locomotor effects were enhanced. Sexual activity, by itself, modified DA-related protein expression in the NAc core and in the caudate-putamen (CPu), while Meth treatment alone changed their expression only in the NAc shell. Meth-induced changes in the NAc shell turned in the opposite direction when animals had sexual activity, and additional changes appeared in the NAc core and CPu of S-S rats. CONCLUSION Sexual satiety sensitizes rats to Meth's behavioral effects and the Meth-induced striatal DA-related protein adaptations are modified by sexual activity, evidencing cross-sensitization between both stimuli.
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12
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Kan CY, H'ng JX, Goh A, Smales F, Tan EL, Zhang S, Pichika MR, Parolia A. Effect of Sustained Systemic Administration of Ginger (Z officinale) Rhizome Extracts on Salivary Flow in Mice. Int Dent J 2023; 73:63-70. [PMID: 35725589 PMCID: PMC9875258 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effect of methanol (70% v/v), ethanol (80% v/v), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; 100% v/v) extracts of ginger rhizome (GR), and 6-shogaol on the pilocarpine-stimulated salivary flow rate in C57BL/6 mice. METHODS Three extracts of ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizome prepared by maceration using the respective solvents and 6-shogoal were reconstituted in normal saline with 0.2% DMSO. Thirty C57BL/6 15-week-old mice were divided into 5 groups: Group 1, saline; Group 2, 70% methanol extract; Group 3, 80% ethanol extract; Group 4, 100% DMSO extract; and Group 5, 6-shogaol. The baseline pilocarpine-stimulated salivary flow rate was measured at the age of 15 weeks (15th week), and treatment solutions were administered by intraperitoneal injection from the 16th to 18th week. The stimulated salivary flow rate during treatment weeks was recorded for each group, and its difference with baseline was analysed using paired-sample t test. The change in salivary flow rate between the treatment groups and the control group was analysed using one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS Groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 showed a significant increase in salivary flow rate when compared to baseline (P < .05). The increase in salivary flow rate in all 4 treatment groups was significant when compared to the control group (P < .05). Group 4 produced the highest increase in salivary flow rate; however, the differences amongst the treatment groups did not reach statistical significance (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS All GR extracts (70% methanol, 80% ethanol, 100% DMSO) and 6-shogaol were equally effective in increasing the pilocarpine-stimulated salivary flow rate in C57BL/6 mice when administered systemically as a sustained dose for 3 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yu Kan
- School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jing Xuan H'ng
- School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Andy Goh
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Frederick Smales
- School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Eng Lai Tan
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shiming Zhang
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mallikarjuna Rao Pichika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abhishek Parolia
- School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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13
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Lynch AE, Noble LR, Jones CS, Routledge EJ. Common aquatic pollutants modify hemocyte immune responses in Biomphalaria glabrata. Front Immunol 2022; 13:839746. [PMID: 36159819 PMCID: PMC9493456 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.839746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruptions to reproductive health in wildlife species inhabiting polluted environments is often found to occur alongside compromised immunity. However, research on impacts of aquatic pollution on freshwater mollusc immune responses is limited despite their importance as vectors of disease (Schistosomiasis) in humans, cattle and wild mammals. We developed an in vitro ‘tool-kit’ of well-characterized quantitative immune tests using Biomphalaria glabrata hemocytes. We exposed hemocytes to environmentally-relevant concentrations of common aquatic pollutants (17β-estradiol, Bisphenol-A and p,p’-DDE) and measured key innate immune responses including motility, phagocytosis and encapsulation. Additionally, we tested an extract of a typical domestic tertiary treated effluent as representative of a ‘real-world’ mixture of chemicals. Encapsulation responses were stimulated by p,p’-DDE at low doses but were suppressed at higher doses. Concentrations of BPA (above 200 ng/L) and p,p’-DDE (above 500 ng/L) significantly inhibited phagocytosis compared to controls, whilst hemocyte motility was reduced by all test chemicals and the effluent extract in a dose-dependent manner. All responses occurred at chemical concentrations considered to be below the cytotoxic thresholds of hemocytes. This is the first time a suite of in vitro tests has been developed specifically in B. glabrata with the purpose of investigating the impacts of chemical pollutants and an effluent extract on immunity. Our findings indicate that common aquatic pollutants alter innate immune responses in B. glabrata, suggesting that pollutants may be a critical, yet overlooked, factor impacting disease by modulating the dynamics of parasite transmission between molluscs and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam E. Lynch
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Leslie R. Noble
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
- School of Biological Sciences, Aberdeen University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine S. Jones
- School of Biological Sciences, Aberdeen University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Edwin J. Routledge
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Edwin J. Routledge,
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14
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A 2022 Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Enriched Therapeutic Diets and Nutraceuticals in Canine and Feline Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810384. [PMID: 36142319 PMCID: PMC9499673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With osteoarthritis being the most common degenerative disease in pet animals, a very broad panel of natural health products is available on the market for its management. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis, registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021279368), was to test for the evidence of clinical analgesia efficacy of fortified foods and nutraceuticals administered in dogs and cats affected by osteoarthritis. In four electronic bibliographic databases, 1578 publications were retrieved plus 20 additional publications from internal sources. Fifty-seven articles were included, comprising 72 trials divided into nine different categories of natural health compound. The efficacy assessment, associated to the level of quality of each trial, presented an evident clinical analgesic efficacy for omega-3-enriched diets, omega-3 supplements and cannabidiol (to a lesser degree). Our analyses showed a weak efficacy of collagen and a very marked non-effect of chondroitin-glucosamine nutraceuticals, which leads us to recommend that the latter products should no longer be recommended for pain management in canine and feline osteoarthritis.
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15
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Evaluating the Effectiveness of Aqueous Extract of Persian Oak (Quercus castaneifolia C.A.Mey.) Fruit Hull on Dermal Wound Healing in the Rat Model. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp-127426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Persian oak (Quercus castaneifolia C.A.Mey) belongs to the Fagaceae family. This plant is commonly used in Iranian traditional medicine to treat inflammatory and gastric ulcers. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of Persian oak fruit aqueous hull extract on wound healing in rats. Methods: Thirty-five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups, then two full-thickness wounds of 10 mm in diameter were created bilaterally on the back of the animals. The negative control group received saline, the positive control group was treated with phenytoin cream, and three treatment groups received 2%, 4%, and 8% Jaft aqueous extract. The animals received these medicines once daily for 15 days. The percentage of wound healing was evaluated using wound contraction ratio, re-epithelialization, tensile strength, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) content. Histopathological examination was performed on repaired tissues. Results: In the 2%, 4%, and 8% Jaft extract and the phenytoin groups, the wound closure rate was significantly higher than in the saline group. The treatment groups revealed significant healing improvement (P < 0.05) compared to the control group in wound contraction, tensile strength, epithelialization duration, VEGF, and PDGF plasma level. Histopathological investigations also exhibited development in wound healing with Jaft extract. Conclusions: This study shows that the Persian oak fruit hull aqueous extract was effective in wound healing in animal models. Clinical trials are required to prove the efficacy of Q. castaneifolia fruit hull spray in healing various wounds in humans.
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16
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Cikes D, Atanes P, Cronin SJF, Hagelkrüys A, Huang GC, Persaud SJ, Penninger JM. Neuropeptide Neuromedin B does not alter body weight and glucose homeostasis nor does it act as an insulin-releasing peptide. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9383. [PMID: 35672347 PMCID: PMC9174263 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromedin B (NMB) is a member of the neuromedin family of neuropeptides with a high level of region-specific expression in the brain. Several GWAS studies on non-obese and obese patients suggested that polymorphisms in NMB predispose to obesity by affecting appetite control and feeding preference. Furthermore, several studies proposed that NMB can act as an insulin releasing peptide. Since the functional study has never been done, the in vivo role of NMB as modulator of weight gain or glucose metabolism remains unclear. Here, we generated Nmb conditional mice and nervous system deficient NmB mice. We then performed olfactory and food preference analysis, as well as metabolic analysis under standard and high fat diet. Additionally, in direct islet studies we evaluated the role of NMB on basal and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in mouse and humans.
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17
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Naseem S, Ismail H. In vitro and in vivo evaluations of antioxidative, anti-Alzheimer, antidiabetic and anticancer potentials of hydroponically and soil grown Lactuca sativa. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:30. [PMID: 35101010 PMCID: PMC8805276 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03520-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactuca sativa is an edible plant commonly used by local communities to manage diabetes and stomach problems. METHODS This work aimed to investigate the anti-oxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic and Anti-Alzheimer effects of hydroponically (HyL) and soil-grown (SoL) Lactuca sativa. Streptozotocin-induced diabetes and AlCl3-induced Alzheimer's disease model was used to evaluate the medicinal effects of Lactuca sativa. RESULTS HyL showed significant activity in lipid peroxidation assay, DPPH and DNA protection assay, while SoL extract showed moderated activity, respectively. A similar activity response was quantified for α-glucosidase, α-amylase, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibition assays. The cytotoxic potential of HyL and SoL extracts against MCF7, and HePG2 cancer cell lines exhibited significant activity. HyL and SoL showed a substantial decrease in blood glucose levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes-related liver/kidney biomarkers and anti-oxidant enzyme trends moved toward normal after HyL and SoL treatment. In Anti-Alzheimer's based Morris water and elevated plus maze tests, HyL and SoL displayed memory-enhancing response and anti-anxiety behaviour, respectively. HPLC quantification of dopamine and serotonin revealed a moderate but significant (p<0.05) increase in the level of these neurotransmitters in HyL and SoL groups. CONCLUSION Overall, the study revealed that hydroponic Lactuca sativa possesses the therapeutic potential to treat diseases like Alzheimer's and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Naseem
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700 Pakistan
| | - Hammad Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700 Pakistan
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18
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Poerwosusanta H, Yasmina A, Dewi FRP, Benita KN, Budi AS, Putri NS, Ainun N, Fakhriah G, Fitri A, Poerwosusanta AR, Poerwosusanta EE, Aditia D, Noor Z. Dayak Onions (Eleutherine americana L Merr) Reduced Mesothelial Cell Detachment After Laparoscopy in Rats. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Laparoscopy induces changes and detachment of mesothelial structure. Studies on the prevention of mesothelial cell detachment are rarely found. The Dayak tribe uses the Dayak onion (Eleutherine americana L. Merr) as a wound-healing agent due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. This study aimed to prove the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Dayak onions in preventing mesothelial cell damage after laparoscopy.
Materials and methods: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were classified into five groups (n = 6 per group), namely: (a) control, (b) Mediclore, (c) Dayak onion, 30-, (d) 60-, and (e) 90 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and total oxidant status in the peritoneal fluid were determined 24 hours after laparoscopy. Histopathological analysis of mesothelial cell numbers and the protein Zone Occludin-1 (ZO-1) expression in the peritoneum, small intestines, greater omentum, and liver were performed 7 days after the procedure. An in-silico study was conducted to analyze the anti-inflammatory effects of the components of Dayak onions.
Results: The in-silico study showed that one of the Dayak onion active compounds, eleutherine, had a potential anti-inflammatory effect and acted as a modulator of TGF-β. Following Dayak onion administration, the TGF- level, the number of mesothelial cell detachments, and ZO-1 expression were all significantly reduced (p<0.05), whereas the total oxidant status (TOS) level was not (p>0.05).
Conclusions: Our study showed that Dayak onion administration reduced TGF-β level, number of mesothelial cell detachment, and ZO-1 expression following laparoscopy.
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19
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Kljakic O, Janíčková H, Skirzewski M, Reichelt A, Memar S, El Mestikawy S, Li Y, Saksida LM, Bussey TJ, Prado VF, Prado MAM. Functional dissociation of behavioral effects from acetylcholine and glutamate released from cholinergic striatal interneurons. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22135. [PMID: 35032355 PMCID: PMC9303754 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101425r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the striatum, cholinergic interneurons (CINs) have the ability to release both acetylcholine and glutamate, due to the expression of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) and the vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (VGLUT3). However, the relationship these neurotransmitters have in the regulation of behavior is not fully understood. Here we used reward‐based touchscreen tests in mice to assess the individual and combined contributions of acetylcholine/glutamate co‐transmission in behavior. We found that reduced levels of the VAChT from CINs negatively impacted dopamine signalling in response to reward, and disrupted complex responses in a sequential chain of events. In contrast, diminished VGLUT3 levels had somewhat opposite effects. When mutant mice were treated with haloperidol in a cue‐based task, the drug did not affect the performance of VAChT mutant mice, whereas VGLUT3 mutant mice were highly sensitive to haloperidol. In mice where both vesicular transporters were deleted from CINs, we observed altered reward‐evoked dopaminergic signalling and behavioral deficits that resemble, but were worse, than those in mice with specific loss of VAChT alone. These results demonstrate that the ability to secrete two different neurotransmitters allows CINs to exert complex modulation of a wide range of behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornela Kljakic
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Helena Janíčková
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Miguel Skirzewski
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amy Reichelt
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara Memar
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Salah El Mestikawy
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lisa M Saksida
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy J Bussey
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vania F Prado
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marco A M Prado
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Morarasu S, Morarasu BC, Ghețu N, Dimofte MG, Iliescu R, Pieptu D. Experimental models for controlled burn injuries in rats: a systematic analysis of original methods and burn devices. J Burn Care Res 2021; 43:1055-1065. [PMID: 34888684 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irab234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Despite a wide variety of models found in literature, choosing the right one can be difficult as many of them are lacking precise methodology. This study aims to analyze and compare original burn models in terms of burn device and technique, parameters, and wound depth assessment. METHODS A systematic search was performed according to PRISMA guidelines on studies describing original experimental burn models in rats. The adapted PICO formula and ARRIVE checklist were followed for inclusion and assessment of quality of studies. Characteristics of animals, burn technique, burn parameters and method of histological confirmation of burn depth were recorded. RESULTS Twenty-seven studies were included in the final analysis. Most studies used direct contact with skin for burn infliction (n=20). The rat's dorsum was the most common site (n=18). Ten studies used manually controlled burn devices, while ten designed automatic burn devices with control over temperature (n=10), exposure time (n=5), and pressure (n=5). Most studies (n=7) used a single biopsy taken from the center of the wound to confirm burn depth immediately after burn infliction. CONCLUSION From the wide variety of burn models in current literature, our study provides an overview of the most relevant experimental burn models in rats aiding researchers to understand what needs to be addressed when designing their burn protocol. Models cannot be compared as burn parameters variate significantly. Assessment of burn depth should be done in a standardized, sequential fashion in future burn studies to increase reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Morarasu
- Center of Simulation and Training in Surgery (CSTC), Grigore T Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania.,2nd Department of Surgical Oncology, Regional Oncology Institute, Grigore T Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Bianca-Codrina Morarasu
- Center of Simulation and Training in Surgery (CSTC), Grigore T Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Nicolae Ghețu
- Center of Simulation and Training in Surgery (CSTC), Grigore T Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Grigore T Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihail-Gabriel Dimofte
- 2nd Department of Surgical Oncology, Regional Oncology Institute, Grigore T Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Radu Iliescu
- Department of Pharmacology, Grigore T Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Dragos Pieptu
- Center of Simulation and Training in Surgery (CSTC), Grigore T Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Grigore T Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
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21
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Merkely G, Chisari E, Lola Rosso C, Lattermann C. Do Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Have a Deleterious Effect on Cartilage Repair? A Systematic Review. Cartilage 2021; 13:326S-341S. [PMID: 31216865 PMCID: PMC8808836 DOI: 10.1177/1947603519855770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to systematically review the available evidence regarding any plausible deleterious effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on chondrocytes, chondrocyte differentiation, and allograft or autograft incorporation after cartilage repair procedures. DESIGN Three databases (PubMed, Science Direct, and Cochrane Library) were screened for eligible studies: investigating the effects of NSAIDs on chondrocytes, chondrogenic differentiation, or allograft/autograft incorporation. This evaluation included studies of any level of evidence, written in English, reporting clinical or preclinical results, published in peer review journals and dealing with our topic. All articles evaluating the effects of NSAIDs on either osteoarthritic (OA) chondrocyte samples or OA chondrocyte models were excluded. Moreover, articles about bone healing in which allograft or autograft incorporation was not investigated were also excluded. Methodologic quality assessment was performed for in vivo animal studies according to ARRIVE guidelines, and risk of bias of each included study was identified using the ROBINS-I tool. RESULTS Eighteen studies were included in the review: 4 in vitro studies, 13 animal studies, and 1 human study. According to these studies NSAIDs have no detrimental effect on healthy mature chondrocytes; however, these drugs influence chondrocyte differentiation and graft incorporation and therefore may interfere with chondrogenesis and incorporation after transplantation of chondrocytes or osteochondral grafts. CONCLUSION The use of NSAIDs, systemic or local, after cartilage repair procedures should be avoided unless a substantial clinical benefit would otherwise be withheld from the patient. More human studies are needed to analyze the effect of NSAIDs on cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergo Merkely
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Division of Sports Medicine, Center for Cartilage Repair, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Traumatology, Semmelweis
University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Emanuele Chisari
- Department of General Surgery and
Medical Surgical Specialties, Section of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University
Hospital Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Christian Lattermann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Division of Sports Medicine, Center for Cartilage Repair, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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22
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Lawton E, Antczak P, Walker S, Germain-Cripps E, Falciani F, Routledge EJ. An investigation into the biological effects of indirect potable reuse water using zebrafish embryos. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 789:147981. [PMID: 34323829 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Advanced treatment technologies are being assessed as a proactive measure to assist with the transformation of treated wastewater into a source of water for potable water production. We investigated the biological effects along an advanced water treatment pilot plant, using zebrafish embryos throughout early development. The study compared phenotypic observations with global transcriptome responses, enabling us to keep an open mind about the chemicals that might influence the biological activity. There was no evidence of acute toxicity at any treatment stage, but skeletal, cardiovascular and pigmentation changes occurred in a small proportion of embryos along the treatment process, and in a tap water; not detected in the aquarium water control. Reverse osmosis (RO) reduced the concentration of measured chemical contaminants in the water the most, while eliminating the occurrence of abnormalities detected in fish embryos. Conversely, advanced oxidation reversed the benefits of RO treatment by increasing the frequency of teratogenic and sub-lethal abnormalities seen. Using the molecular responses of zebrafish embryos to different IPR water, we report the bioactivity within the water at different stages of advanced treatment and associate these to perturbed biological functions. Transcriptomic analysis revealed alterations to the retinoid system, which was consistent with the observed teratogenic effects. Changes to tryptophan metabolism (associated with the production of melatonin required for the control of normal circadian rhythms) and somatolactin-beta (associated with normal pigmentation in fish) were also found. We show that underexplored forms of biological activity occur in treated wastewater effluent, and/or may be created depending on the type of advanced treatment process used. By integrating the available analytical chemistry we highlight chemical groups associated to this response. Our study shows that more detailed and in-depth characterisation of chemicals and biological pathways associated with advanced treatment water systems are needed to mitigate possible risks to downstream organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lawton
- Brunel University London, Institute for Environment Health and Societies, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - P Antczak
- University of Liverpool, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, L69 7ZB, UK; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and Cologne University Hospital, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - S Walker
- Brunel University London, Institute for Environment Health and Societies, UB8 3PH, UK
| | | | - F Falciani
- University of Liverpool, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - E J Routledge
- Brunel University London, Institute for Environment Health and Societies, UB8 3PH, UK.
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23
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Baggio Simeoni PR, Simeoni RB, Bispo Machado Júnior PA, de Almeida MB, Dziedzic DSM, da Rosa NN, Ferreira Stricker PE, dos Santos Miggiolaro AFR, Naves G, Neto NB, de Noronha L, Francisco JC, Teixeira de Carvalho KA, Guarita-Souza LC. Tracheal Repair with Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiated in Chondrocytes Grown on an Acellular Amniotic Membrane: A Pre-Clinical Approach. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:879. [PMID: 34575028 PMCID: PMC8466253 DOI: 10.3390/life11090879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acellular amniotic membrane (AM) has been studied, with promising results on the reconstruction of lesioned tissues, and has become an attractive approach for tracheal repair. This study aimed to evaluate the repair of the trachea with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs) differentiated in chondrocytes, grown on an experimental model. Tracheal defects were induced by surgical tracheostomy in 30 New Zealand rabbits, and the acellular amniotic membrane, with or without cells, was covering the defect. The hucMSCs were isolated and cultivated with chondrogenic differentiation over the culture of 14 days, and then grown on the AM. In this study, the AM was biocompatible and hucMSCs differentiated into chondrocytes. Our results demonstrated an important role for AM with cultured cells in the promotion of immature collagen, known to produce tissue regeneration. In addition, cartilaginous tissue was found at the tracheal defects, demonstrated by immunohistology results. This study suggests that this biomaterial implantation can be an effective future therapeutic alternative for patients with tracheal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Ricardo Baggio Simeoni
- Experimental Laboratory of Institute of Biological and Health Sciences of Pontifical, Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR), Street Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Curitiba 80215-901, Paraná, Brazil; (R.B.S.); (P.A.B.M.J.); (A.F.R.d.S.M.); (G.N.); (N.B.N.); (L.d.N.); (J.C.F.); (L.C.G.-S.)
| | - Rossana Baggio Simeoni
- Experimental Laboratory of Institute of Biological and Health Sciences of Pontifical, Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR), Street Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Curitiba 80215-901, Paraná, Brazil; (R.B.S.); (P.A.B.M.J.); (A.F.R.d.S.M.); (G.N.); (N.B.N.); (L.d.N.); (J.C.F.); (L.C.G.-S.)
| | - Paulo André Bispo Machado Júnior
- Experimental Laboratory of Institute of Biological and Health Sciences of Pontifical, Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR), Street Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Curitiba 80215-901, Paraná, Brazil; (R.B.S.); (P.A.B.M.J.); (A.F.R.d.S.M.); (G.N.); (N.B.N.); (L.d.N.); (J.C.F.); (L.C.G.-S.)
| | - Meila Bastos de Almeida
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Rua XV de Novembro, 1299, Curitiba 80060-000, Paraná, Brazil;
| | - Dilcele Silva Moreira Dziedzic
- Advanced Therapy and Cellular Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute & Pequeno Príncipe Faculties (FPP) Ave., Silva Jardim, 1632, Curitiba 80240-020, Paraná, Brazil; (D.S.M.D.); (N.N.d.R.); (P.E.F.S.); (K.A.T.d.C.)
| | - Nádia Nascimento da Rosa
- Advanced Therapy and Cellular Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute & Pequeno Príncipe Faculties (FPP) Ave., Silva Jardim, 1632, Curitiba 80240-020, Paraná, Brazil; (D.S.M.D.); (N.N.d.R.); (P.E.F.S.); (K.A.T.d.C.)
| | - Priscila E. Ferreira Stricker
- Advanced Therapy and Cellular Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute & Pequeno Príncipe Faculties (FPP) Ave., Silva Jardim, 1632, Curitiba 80240-020, Paraná, Brazil; (D.S.M.D.); (N.N.d.R.); (P.E.F.S.); (K.A.T.d.C.)
| | - Anna Flávia Ribeiro dos Santos Miggiolaro
- Experimental Laboratory of Institute of Biological and Health Sciences of Pontifical, Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR), Street Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Curitiba 80215-901, Paraná, Brazil; (R.B.S.); (P.A.B.M.J.); (A.F.R.d.S.M.); (G.N.); (N.B.N.); (L.d.N.); (J.C.F.); (L.C.G.-S.)
| | - Guilherme Naves
- Experimental Laboratory of Institute of Biological and Health Sciences of Pontifical, Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR), Street Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Curitiba 80215-901, Paraná, Brazil; (R.B.S.); (P.A.B.M.J.); (A.F.R.d.S.M.); (G.N.); (N.B.N.); (L.d.N.); (J.C.F.); (L.C.G.-S.)
| | - Nelson Bergonse Neto
- Experimental Laboratory of Institute of Biological and Health Sciences of Pontifical, Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR), Street Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Curitiba 80215-901, Paraná, Brazil; (R.B.S.); (P.A.B.M.J.); (A.F.R.d.S.M.); (G.N.); (N.B.N.); (L.d.N.); (J.C.F.); (L.C.G.-S.)
| | - Lucia de Noronha
- Experimental Laboratory of Institute of Biological and Health Sciences of Pontifical, Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR), Street Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Curitiba 80215-901, Paraná, Brazil; (R.B.S.); (P.A.B.M.J.); (A.F.R.d.S.M.); (G.N.); (N.B.N.); (L.d.N.); (J.C.F.); (L.C.G.-S.)
| | - Julio Cesar Francisco
- Experimental Laboratory of Institute of Biological and Health Sciences of Pontifical, Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR), Street Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Curitiba 80215-901, Paraná, Brazil; (R.B.S.); (P.A.B.M.J.); (A.F.R.d.S.M.); (G.N.); (N.B.N.); (L.d.N.); (J.C.F.); (L.C.G.-S.)
| | - Katherine Athayde Teixeira de Carvalho
- Advanced Therapy and Cellular Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute & Pequeno Príncipe Faculties (FPP) Ave., Silva Jardim, 1632, Curitiba 80240-020, Paraná, Brazil; (D.S.M.D.); (N.N.d.R.); (P.E.F.S.); (K.A.T.d.C.)
| | - Luiz Cesar Guarita-Souza
- Experimental Laboratory of Institute of Biological and Health Sciences of Pontifical, Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR), Street Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Curitiba 80215-901, Paraná, Brazil; (R.B.S.); (P.A.B.M.J.); (A.F.R.d.S.M.); (G.N.); (N.B.N.); (L.d.N.); (J.C.F.); (L.C.G.-S.)
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24
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Withaar C, Meems LMG, Markousis-Mavrogenis G, Boogerd CJ, Silljé HHW, Schouten EM, Dokter MM, Voors AA, Westenbrink BD, Lam CSP, de Boer RA. The effects of liraglutide and dapagliflozin on cardiac function and structure in a multi-hit mouse model of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:2108-2124. [PMID: 32871009 PMCID: PMC8318109 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a multifactorial disease that constitutes several distinct phenotypes, including a common cardiometabolic phenotype with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Treatment options for HFpEF are limited, and development of novel therapeutics is hindered by the paucity of suitable preclinical HFpEF models that recapitulate the complexity of human HFpEF. Metabolic drugs, like glucagon-like peptide receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), have emerged as promising drugs to restore metabolic perturbations and may have value in the treatment of the cardiometabolic HFpEF phenotype. We aimed to develop a multifactorial HFpEF mouse model that closely resembles the cardiometabolic HFpEF phenotype, and evaluated the GLP-1 RA liraglutide (Lira) and the SGLT2i dapagliflozin (Dapa). METHODS AND RESULTS Aged (18-22 months old) female C57BL/6J mice were fed a standardized chow (CTRL) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. After 8 weeks HFD, angiotensin II (ANGII), was administered for 4 weeks via osmotic mini pumps. HFD + ANGII resulted in a cardiometabolic HFpEF phenotype, including obesity, impaired glucose handling, and metabolic dysregulation with inflammation. The multiple hit resulted in typical clinical HFpEF features, including cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis with preserved fractional shortening but with impaired myocardial deformation, atrial enlargement, lung congestion, and elevated blood pressures. Treatment with Lira attenuated the cardiometabolic dysregulation and improved cardiac function, with reduced cardiac hypertrophy, less myocardial fibrosis, and attenuation of atrial weight, natriuretic peptide levels, and lung congestion. Dapa treatment improved glucose handling, but had mild effects on the HFpEF phenotype. CONCLUSIONS We developed a mouse model that recapitulates the human HFpEF disease, providing a novel opportunity to study disease pathogenesis and the development of enhanced therapeutic approaches. We furthermore show that attenuation of cardiometabolic dysregulation may represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of HFpEF.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II
- Animals
- Benzhydryl Compounds/pharmacology
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Diet, High-Fat
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Fibrosis
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor/agonists
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor/metabolism
- Glucosides/pharmacology
- Heart Failure, Diastolic/drug therapy
- Heart Failure, Diastolic/metabolism
- Heart Failure, Diastolic/pathology
- Heart Failure, Diastolic/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/drug therapy
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/pathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Incretins/pharmacology
- Liraglutide/pharmacology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/pathology
- Signal Transduction
- Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
- Ventricular Remodeling/drug effects
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Coenraad Withaar
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura M G Meems
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - George Markousis-Mavrogenis
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J Boogerd
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Herman H W Silljé
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth M Schouten
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin M Dokter
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A Voors
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B Daan Westenbrink
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carolyn S P Lam
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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Robust preclinical evidence in somatic cell genome editing: A key driver of responsible and efficient therapeutic innovations. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:2238-2243. [PMID: 34161846 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Somatic cell genome editing (SCGE) is highly promising for therapeutic innovation. This study demonstrates that the majority of 46 preclinical SCGE studies discussed in reviews as particularly promising for clinical translation do not report on key elements for robust and confirmatory research practices: randomization, blinding, sample size calculation, data handling, pre-registration, multi-centric study design, and independent confirmation. We present the here-examined reporting standards and the new National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding criteria for SCGE research as a viable solution to protect this promising field from backlashes. We argue that the implementation of the novel methodological standards provides the opportunity for SCGE research to become a lighthouse example for trustworthy and useful translational research.
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26
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Tran MC, Nguyen V, Bruce R, Crockett DC, Formenti F, Phan PA, Payne SJ, Farmery AD. Simulation-based optimisation to quantify heterogeneity of specific ventilation and perfusion in the lung by the Inspired Sinewave Test. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12627. [PMID: 34135419 PMCID: PMC8208972 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92062-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The degree of specific ventilatory heterogeneity (spatial unevenness of ventilation) of the lung is a useful marker of early structural lung changes which has the potential to detect early-onset disease. The Inspired Sinewave Test (IST) is an established noninvasive 'gas-distribution' type of respiratory test capable of measuring the cardiopulmonary parameters. We developed a simulation-based optimisation for the IST, with a simulation of a realistic heterogeneous lung, namely a lognormal distribution of spatial ventilation and perfusion. We tested this method in datasets from 13 anaesthetised pigs (pre and post-lung injury) and 104 human subjects (32 healthy and 72 COPD subjects). The 72 COPD subjects were classified into four COPD phenotypes based on 'GOLD' classification. This method allowed IST to identify and quantify heterogeneity of both ventilation and perfusion, permitting diagnostic distinction between health and disease states. In healthy volunteers, we show a linear relationship between the ventilatory heterogeneity versus age ([Formula: see text]). In a mechanically ventilated pig, IST ventilatory heterogeneity in noninjured and injured lungs was significantly different (p < 0.0001). Additionally, measured indices could accurately identify patients with COPD (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve is 0.76, p < 0.0001). The IST also could distinguish different phenotypes of COPD with 73% agreement with spirometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Tran
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - V Nguyen
- Department of Materials and Oxford-Man Institute of Quantitative Finance, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 6ED, UK
| | - R Bruce
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - D C Crockett
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - F Formenti
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - P A Phan
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - S J Payne
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - A D Farmery
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
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27
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García-González M, Muñoz F, González-Cantalapiedra A, López-Peña M, Saulacic N. Systematic Review and Quality Evaluation Using ARRIVE 2.0 Guidelines on Animal Models Used for Periosteal Distraction Osteogenesis. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1233. [PMID: 33923253 PMCID: PMC8144990 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize all the preclinical studies carried out in periosteal distraction osteogenesis (PDO) in order to evaluate the quality using the ARRIVE guidelines. The animal models used, and the influence of the complications, were analysed in order to establish the most appropriate models for this technique. The PRISMA statements have been followed. Bibliographic sources have been consulted manually by two reviewers. Risk of bias was evaluated using the SYRCLE tool for animal studies, and the quality of the studies with the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines. The selection criteria established by expert researchers were applied to decide which studies should be included in the review, that resulted in twenty-four studies. Only one achieved the maximum score according to the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines. The rabbit as an animal model has presented good results in PDO, both for calvaria and jaw. Rats have shown good results for PDO in calvaria. The minipig should not be recommended as an animal model in PDO. Despite the increase in the quality of the studies since the implementation of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines, it would be necessary to improve the quality of the studies to facilitate the transparency, comparison, and reproducibility of future works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario García-González
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (F.M.); (A.G.-C.); (M.L.-P.)
| | - Fernando Muñoz
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (F.M.); (A.G.-C.); (M.L.-P.)
| | - Antonio González-Cantalapiedra
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (F.M.); (A.G.-C.); (M.L.-P.)
| | - Mónica López-Peña
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (F.M.); (A.G.-C.); (M.L.-P.)
| | - Nikola Saulacic
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
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Mohammed HA, Al-Omar MS, Mohammed SAA, Alhowail AH, Eldeeb HM, Sajid MSM, Abd-Elmoniem EM, Alghulayqeh OA, Kandil YI, Khan RA. Phytochemical Analysis, Pharmacological and Safety Evaluations of Halophytic Plant, Salsola cyclophylla. Molecules 2021; 26:2384. [PMID: 33923964 PMCID: PMC8073378 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Salsola cyclophylla, an edible halophyte, is traditionally used for inflammation and pain. To confirm the claimed anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, a detailed study on respective pharmacological actions was undertaken. The activities are contemplated to arise from its phytoconstituents. The LC-MS analysis of S. cyclophylla 95% aqueous-ethanolic extract revealed the presence of 52 compounds belonging to phenols, flavonoids, coumarins, and aliphatics class. A high concentration of Mn, Fe, and Zn was detected by atomic absorption spectroscopic analysis. The ethyl acetate extract showed the highest flavonoid contents (5.94 ± 0.04 mg/g, Quercetin Equivalents) and Fe2+-chelation (52%) potential with DPPH radicals-quenching IC50 at 1.35 ± 0.16 mg/mL, while the aqueous ethanolic extract exhibited maximum phenolics contents (136.08 ± 0.12 mg/g, gallic acid equivalents) with DPPH scavenging potential at IC50 0.615 ± 0.06 mg/mL. Aqueous ethanolic extract and standard quercetin DPPH radicals scavenging's were equal potent at 10 mg/mL concentrations. The aqueous ethanolic extract showed highest analgesic effect with pain reduction rates 89.86% (p = 0.03), 87.50% (p < 0.01), and 99.66% (p = 0.0004) after 60, 90, and 120 min, respectively. Additionally, aqueous ethanolic extract exhibited the highest anti-inflammation capacity at 41.07% (p < 0.0001), 34.51% (p < 0.0001), and 24.82% (p < 0.0001) after 2, 3, and 6 h of extract's administration, respectively. The phytochemical constituents, significant anti-oxidant potential, remarkable analgesic, and anti-inflammatory bioactivities of extracts supported the traditionally claimed anti-inflammatory and analgesic plant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdoon A. Mohammed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohsen S. Al-Omar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia;
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, JUST, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Salman A. A. Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.M.); (A.H.A.); (H.M.E.); (M.S.M.S.)
| | - Ahmad H. Alhowail
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.M.); (A.H.A.); (H.M.E.); (M.S.M.S.)
| | - Hussein M. Eldeeb
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.M.); (A.H.A.); (H.M.E.); (M.S.M.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S. M. Sajid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.M.); (A.H.A.); (H.M.E.); (M.S.M.S.)
| | - Essam M. Abd-Elmoniem
- Department of Plant Production and Protection, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Yasser I. Kandil
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Riaz A. Khan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia;
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Fast and accurate protocol for histology and immunohistochemistry reactions in temporomandibular joint of rats. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 126:105115. [PMID: 33819835 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Propose a standard, fast and accurate protocol for the processing of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of adults' rats for histology and immunohistochemistry reactions. DESIGN Wistar male rats were perfused with paraformaldehyde (4 %). The heads were fixed in formaldehyde 10 % solution for 48 h. After that, the heads were sectioned in a sagittal plane and fixed for plus 48 h. Decalcification was performed using 20 % formic acid for 96 h and delimitation of TMJ area was done. Detailed methodology to a standard extraction and processing of TMJ to histological sections is described. Different buffers, equipment, temperature and time were tested to optimize immunostaining. Morphological preservation and antigenicity were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry reaction. RESULTS The current findings demonstrated that TMJ fixed in 10 % formaldehyde and decalcified in 20 % formic acid optimized decalcification processing time with preservation of cell morphology. Antigen retrieval with citrate buffer in pressure cooker (2 min at 100 °C and 5 min at room temperature) demonstrated the best protocol to preservation of the structures of TMJ. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates in detail a methodology of a fast and accurate TMJ processing for histology and immunohistochemistry reactions that guarantee tissue integrity and quality of staining.
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Fernández-Martín S, López-Peña M, Muñoz F, Permuy M, González-Cantalapiedra A. Bisphosphonates as disease-modifying drugs in osteoarthritis preclinical studies: a systematic review from 2000 to 2020. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:60. [PMID: 33618776 PMCID: PMC7898436 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02446-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphosphonates have been proposed as possible disease-modifying drugs in osteoarthritis. However, the evidence of their efficacy is poor and their outcomes presented a great heterogeneity. Therefore, the aim of this study is to systematically review the main effects of bisphosphonate use on synovial joint tissues and biochemical markers in preclinical studies over the past two decades (2000-2020). Three databases (Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched, and after screening, twenty-six studies with five different types of bisphosphonates were included in the review. The animal model selected, the type of bisphosphonate used, the therapy duration, and the main effects of individual drugs on synovial tissues were evaluated. Additionally, the quality and risk of bias assessments were performed using the Animals in Research Reporting In Vivo Experiments guidelines and the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation tool. Studies showed high variability in experimental designs. Consequently, the comparison of the findings in order to draw specific conclusions about the effectiveness of the drugs is complicated. However, the results of this systematic review suggested that bisphosphonates seemed to reduce the osteoarthritic changes in a dose-dependent manner showing better chondroprotective effects at high doses. Besides, a time-dependent efficacy was also detected in terms of cartilage status. One can conclude that the disease stage of the time-point of treatment initiation may constitute a key factor in the antiresorptive drug efficacy. Generally, we noted that bisphosphonate administration seemed to show positive subchondral bone conservation and fewer biomarker alterations. However, they did not appear to suppress the osteophyte development and their chondroprotective effect is highly variable among the studies. Bisphosphonates appeared to show a positive anti-inflammatory effect on the synovial membrane. However, only a few included publications were focused on their investigation. Regarding the therapy duration, there is a significant lack of evidence on evaluating their effectiveness in preclinical long-term studies and further experimental studies may be needed to examine the pharmacological response in these circumstances. This systematic review might help to clarify the efficacy of bisphosphonates and their function as disease-modifying treatments in osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Fernández-Martín
- Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Mónica López-Peña
- Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Fernando Muñoz
- Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - María Permuy
- Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Antonio González-Cantalapiedra
- Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002, Lugo, Spain
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Aringer I, Artinger K, Schabhüttl C, Bärnthaler T, Mooslechner AA, Kirsch A, Pollheimer M, Eller P, Rosenkranz AR, Heinemann A, Eller K. Agonism of Prostaglandin E2 Receptor 4 Ameliorates Tubulointerstitial Injury in Nephrotoxic Serum Nephritis in Mice. J Clin Med 2021; 10:832. [PMID: 33670614 PMCID: PMC7922874 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Selectively targeting the E-type prostanoid receptor 4 (EP4) might be a new therapeutic option in the treatment of glomerulonephritis (GN), since the EP4 receptor is expressed on different immune cells, resident kidney cells, and endothelial cells, which are all involved in the pathogenesis of immune-complex GN. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential and to understand the mode of action of EP4 agonist in immune-complex GN using the murine model of nephrotoxic serum nephritis (NTS). In vivo, NTS mice were treated two times daily with two different doses of an EP4 agonist ONO AE1-329 or vehicle for 14 days total. The effect of PGE2 and EP4 agonism and antagonism was tested on murine distal convoluted tubular epithelial cells (DCT) in vitro. In vivo, the higher dose of the EP4 agonist led to an improved NTS phenotype, including a reduced tubular injury score and reduced neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. EP4 agonist treatment caused decreased CD4+ T cell infiltration into the kidney and increased proliferative capacity of tubular cells. Injection of the EP4 agonist resulted in dose-dependent vasodilation and hypotensive episodes. The low-dose EP4 agonist treatment resulted in less pronounced episodes of hypotension. In vitro, EP4 agonism resulted in cAMP production and increased distal convoluted tubular (DCT) proliferation. Taken together, EP4 agonism improved the NTS phenotype by various mechanisms, including reduced blood pressure, decreased CD4+ T cell infiltration, and a direct effect on tubular cells leading to increased proliferation probably by increasing cAMP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Aringer
- Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (I.A.); (K.A.); (C.S.); (A.A.M.); (A.R.R.)
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital St. Poelten, 3100 St. Poelten, Austria
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, BioTechMed Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (T.B.); (A.H.)
| | - Katharina Artinger
- Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (I.A.); (K.A.); (C.S.); (A.A.M.); (A.R.R.)
| | - Corinna Schabhüttl
- Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (I.A.); (K.A.); (C.S.); (A.A.M.); (A.R.R.)
| | - Thomas Bärnthaler
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, BioTechMed Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (T.B.); (A.H.)
| | - Agnes A. Mooslechner
- Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (I.A.); (K.A.); (C.S.); (A.A.M.); (A.R.R.)
| | - Andrijana Kirsch
- Clinical Department of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Marion Pollheimer
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Philipp Eller
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Alexander R. Rosenkranz
- Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (I.A.); (K.A.); (C.S.); (A.A.M.); (A.R.R.)
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, BioTechMed Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (T.B.); (A.H.)
| | - Kathrin Eller
- Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (I.A.); (K.A.); (C.S.); (A.A.M.); (A.R.R.)
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Simeoni RB, Mogharbel BF, Francisco JC, Miyague NI, Irioda AC, Souza CMCO, Souza D, Stricker PEF, da Rosa NN, Souza CF, Franco CRC, Sierakowski MR, Abdelwaid E, Guarita-Souza LC, Carvalho KA. Beneficial Roles of Cellulose Patch-Mediated Cell Therapy in Myocardial Infarction: A Preclinical Study. Cells 2021; 10:424. [PMID: 33671407 PMCID: PMC7922134 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological scaffolds have become an attractive approach for repairing the infarcted myocardium and have been shown to facilitate constructive remodeling in injured tissues. This study aimed to investigate the possible utilization of bacterial cellulose (BC) membrane patches containing cocultured cells to limit myocardial postinfarction pathology. Myocardial infarction (MI) was induced by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery in 45 Wistar rats, and patches with or without cells were attached to the hearts. After one week, the animals underwent echocardiography to assess for ejection fraction and left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes. Following patch formation, the cocultured cells retained viability of >90% over 14 days in culture. The patch was applied to the myocardial surface of the infarcted area after staying 14 days in culture. Interestingly, the BC membrane without cellular treatment showed higher preservation of cardiac dimensions; however, we did not observe improvement in the left ventricular ejection fraction of this group compared to coculture-treated membranes. Our results demonstrated an important role for BC in supporting cells known to produce cardioprotective soluble factors and may thus provide effective future therapeutic outcomes for patients suffering from ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana B. Simeoni
- Experimental Laboratory of Institute of Biological and Health Sciences of Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR), Street Imaculada Conceição, 1155, 80215-901 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; (R.B.S.); (J.C.F.); (N.I.M.); (L.C.G.-S.)
| | - Bassam F. Mogharbel
- Cell Therapy and Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute & Pequeno Príncipe Faculties, Ave., Silva Jardim, 1632, 80240-020 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; (B.F.M.); (A.C.I.); (C.M.C.O.S.); (D.S.); (P.E.F.S.); (N.N.d.R.)
| | - Julio C. Francisco
- Experimental Laboratory of Institute of Biological and Health Sciences of Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR), Street Imaculada Conceição, 1155, 80215-901 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; (R.B.S.); (J.C.F.); (N.I.M.); (L.C.G.-S.)
| | - Nelson I. Miyague
- Experimental Laboratory of Institute of Biological and Health Sciences of Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR), Street Imaculada Conceição, 1155, 80215-901 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; (R.B.S.); (J.C.F.); (N.I.M.); (L.C.G.-S.)
| | - Ana C. Irioda
- Cell Therapy and Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute & Pequeno Príncipe Faculties, Ave., Silva Jardim, 1632, 80240-020 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; (B.F.M.); (A.C.I.); (C.M.C.O.S.); (D.S.); (P.E.F.S.); (N.N.d.R.)
| | - Carolina M. C. O. Souza
- Cell Therapy and Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute & Pequeno Príncipe Faculties, Ave., Silva Jardim, 1632, 80240-020 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; (B.F.M.); (A.C.I.); (C.M.C.O.S.); (D.S.); (P.E.F.S.); (N.N.d.R.)
| | - Daiany Souza
- Cell Therapy and Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute & Pequeno Príncipe Faculties, Ave., Silva Jardim, 1632, 80240-020 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; (B.F.M.); (A.C.I.); (C.M.C.O.S.); (D.S.); (P.E.F.S.); (N.N.d.R.)
| | - Priscila E. Ferreira Stricker
- Cell Therapy and Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute & Pequeno Príncipe Faculties, Ave., Silva Jardim, 1632, 80240-020 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; (B.F.M.); (A.C.I.); (C.M.C.O.S.); (D.S.); (P.E.F.S.); (N.N.d.R.)
| | - Nádia Nascimento da Rosa
- Cell Therapy and Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute & Pequeno Príncipe Faculties, Ave., Silva Jardim, 1632, 80240-020 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; (B.F.M.); (A.C.I.); (C.M.C.O.S.); (D.S.); (P.E.F.S.); (N.N.d.R.)
| | - Clayton F. Souza
- Biopol, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Paraná, Avenue Cel. Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 200, 81530-900 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; (C.F.S.); (M.-R.S.)
- Chemistry Undergraduate Program, School of Education and Humanities of Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR), Street Imaculada Conceição, 1155, 80215-901 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Celia R. Cavichiolo Franco
- Molecular Biology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Avenue Cel. Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 100, 81530-900 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil;
| | - Maria-Rita Sierakowski
- Biopol, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Paraná, Avenue Cel. Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 200, 81530-900 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; (C.F.S.); (M.-R.S.)
| | - Eltyeb Abdelwaid
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave., Tarry 14–725, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Luiz C. Guarita-Souza
- Experimental Laboratory of Institute of Biological and Health Sciences of Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR), Street Imaculada Conceição, 1155, 80215-901 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; (R.B.S.); (J.C.F.); (N.I.M.); (L.C.G.-S.)
| | - Katherine A.T. Carvalho
- Cell Therapy and Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute & Pequeno Príncipe Faculties, Ave., Silva Jardim, 1632, 80240-020 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; (B.F.M.); (A.C.I.); (C.M.C.O.S.); (D.S.); (P.E.F.S.); (N.N.d.R.)
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Costa de Oliveira Souza CM, de Souza CF, Mogharbel BF, Irioda AC, Cavichiolo Franco CR, Sierakowski MR, Athayde Teixeira de Carvalho K. Nanostructured Cellulose-Gellan-Xyloglucan-Lysozyme Dressing Seeded with Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Deep Second-Degree Burn Treatment. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:833-850. [PMID: 33584096 PMCID: PMC7875079 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s289868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In deep burns, wound contraction and hypertrophic scar formation can generate functional derangement and debilitation of the affected part. In order to improve the quality of healing in deep second-degree burns, we developed a new treatment in a preclinical model using nanostructured membranes seeded with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). METHODS Membranes were obtained by reconstitution of bacterial cellulose (reconstituted membrane [RM]) and produced by a dry-cast process, then RM was incorporated with 10% tamarind xyloglucan plus gellan gum 1:1 and 10% lysozyme (RMGT-LZ) and with 10% gellan gum and 10% lysozyme (RMG-LZ). Membrane hydrophobic/hydrophilic characteristics were investigated by static/dynamic contact-angle measurements. They were cultivated with MSCs, and cell adhesion, proliferation, and migration capacity was analyzed with MTT assays. Morphological and topographic characteristics were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. MSC patterns in flow cytometry and differentiation into adipocytes and osteocytes were checked. In vivo assays used RMG-LZ and RMGT-LZ (with and without MSCs) in Rattus norvegicus rats submitted to burn protocol, and histological sections and collagen deposits were analyzed and immunocytochemistry assay performed. RESULTS In vitro results demonstrated carboxyl and amine groups made the membranes moderately hydrophobic and xyloglucan inclusion decreased wettability, favoring MSC adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. In vivo, we obtained 40% and 60% reduction in acute/chronic inflammatory infiltrates, 96% decrease in injury area, increased vascular proliferation and collagen deposition, and complete epithelialization after 30 days. MSCs were detected in burned tissue, confirming they had homed and proliferated in vivo. CONCLUSION Nanostructured cellulose-gellan-xyloglucan-lysozyme dressings, especially when seeded with MSCs, improved deep second-degree burn regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Maria Costa de Oliveira Souza
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cell Therapy and Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, Pequeno Príncipe Faculties and the Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Clayton Fernandes de Souza
- Chemistry Undergraduate Program, School of Education and Humanities, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- BioPol, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Bassam Felipe Mogharbel
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cell Therapy and Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, Pequeno Príncipe Faculties and the Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Irioda
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cell Therapy and Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, Pequeno Príncipe Faculties and the Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Katherine Athayde Teixeira de Carvalho
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cell Therapy and Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, Pequeno Príncipe Faculties and the Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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Tran MC, Crockett DC, Cronin JN, Borges JB, Hedenstierna G, Larsson A, Farmery AD, Formenti F. Bedside monitoring of lung volume available for gas exchange. Intensive Care Med Exp 2021; 9:3. [PMID: 33496887 PMCID: PMC7835652 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-020-00364-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bedside measurement of lung volume may provide guidance in the personalised setting of respiratory support, especially in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome at risk of ventilator-induced lung injury. We propose here a novel operator-independent technique, enabled by a fibre optic oxygen sensor, to quantify the lung volume available for gas exchange. We hypothesised that the continuous measurement of arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) decline during a breath-holding manoeuvre could be used to estimate lung volume in a single-compartment physiological model of the respiratory system. METHODS Thirteen pigs with a saline lavage lung injury model and six control pigs were studied under general anaesthesia during mechanical ventilation. Lung volumes were measured by simultaneous PaO2 rate of decline (VPaO2) and whole-lung computed tomography scan (VCT) during apnoea at different positive end-expiratory and end-inspiratory pressures. RESULTS A total of 146 volume measurements was completed (range 134 to 1869 mL). A linear correlation between VCT and VPaO2 was found both in control (slope = 0.9, R2 = 0.88) and in saline-lavaged pigs (slope = 0.64, R2 = 0.70). The bias from Bland-Altman analysis for the agreement between the VCT and VPaO2 was - 84 mL (limits of agreement ± 301 mL) in control and + 2 mL (LoA ± 406 mL) in saline-lavaged pigs. The concordance for changes in lung volume, quantified with polar plot analysis, was - 4º (LoA ± 19°) in control and - 9° (LoA ± 33°) in saline-lavaged pigs. CONCLUSION Bedside measurement of PaO2 rate of decline during apnoea is a potential approach for estimation of lung volume changes associated with different levels of airway pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh C Tran
- Nuffield Division of Anaesthetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | | | - John N Cronin
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Anaesthetics, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - João Batista Borges
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Göran Hedenstierna
- Hedenstierna Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Larsson
- Hedenstierna Laboratory, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andrew D Farmery
- Nuffield Division of Anaesthetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Federico Formenti
- Nuffield Division of Anaesthetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Owoyele BV, Bakare AO, Ayinla MT, Adeshina KA, Onietan D, Azeez SO. Antinociceptive effects of lead acetate in sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury model of peripheral neuropathy in male Wistar rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 394:117-125. [PMID: 32857181 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01951-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The toxicological effects of lead and its compounds have overshadowed its possible health beneficial effects. Currently, the success rate for treating neuropathic pain has been very low. This study investigated the antinociceptive effects of orally administered low dose lead acetate in sciatic nerve ligated Wistar rats. Thirty Wistar rats randomly divided into five groups were used for this study. Chronic constriction injury (CCI) was used to induce neuropathic pain in Wistar rats. Allodynic and hyperalgesic signs were investigated using von Frey filaments and hotplate, respectively. Morris water maze test was used to assess the memory functions of the rats. The study revealed that oral administration of low-dose lead acetate significantly (p < 0.05) increased pain thresholds of ligated rats. CCI enhanced memory function in Wistar rats which was significantly decreased following lead acetate administration. The findings suggest that lead acetate possesses antinociceptive effects in peripherally induced neuropathic pain model in Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bamidele Victor Owoyele
- Neuroscience and Inflammation Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
| | - Ahmed Olalekan Bakare
- Neuroscience and Inflammation Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Maryam Tayo Ayinla
- Neuroscience and Inflammation Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde Ahmed Adeshina
- Neuroscience and Inflammation Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Damilola Onietan
- Neuroscience and Inflammation Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Saheed O Azeez
- Neuroscience and Inflammation Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
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Millán D, Jiménez RA, Nieto LE, Poveda IY, Torres MA, Silva AS, Ospina LF, Mano JF, Fontanilla MR. Adjustable conduits for guided peripheral nerve regeneration prepared from bi-zonal unidirectional and multidirectional laminar scaffold of type I collagen. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 121:111838. [PMID: 33579476 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Shortness of donor nerves has led to the development of nerve conduits that connect sectioned peripheral nerve stumps and help to prevent the formation of neuromas. Often, the standard diameters of these devices cannot be adapted at the time of surgery to the diameter of the nerve injured. In this work, scaffolds were developed to form filled nerve conduits with an inner matrix with unidirectional channels covered by a multidirectional pore zone. Collagen type I dispersions (5 mg/g and 8 mg/g) were sequentially frozen using different methods to obtain six laminar scaffolds (P1 to P5) formed by a unidirectional (U) pore/channel zone adjacent to a multidirectional (M) pore zone. The physicochemical and microstructural properties of the scaffolds were determined and compared, as well as their biodegradability, residual glutaraldehyde and cytocompatibility. Also, the Young's modulus of the conduits made by rolling up the bizonal scaffolds from the unidirectional to the multidirectional zone was determined. Based on these comparisons, the proliferation and differentiation of hASC were assessed only in the P3 scaffolds. The cells adhered, aligned in the same direction as the unidirectional porous fibers, proliferated, and differentiated into Schwann-like cells. Adjustable conduits made with the P3 scaffold were implanted in rats 10 mm sciatic nerve lesions to compare their performance with that of autologous sciatic nerve grafted lesions. The in vivo results demonstrated that the tested conduit can be adapted to the diameter of the nerve stumps to guide their growth and promote their regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Millán
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Pharmacy, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Av. Carrera 30 # 45-10, 111321 Bogotá, Colombia; Universidad El Bosque, Facultad de Medicina, Colombia.
| | - Ronald A Jiménez
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Pharmacy, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Av. Carrera 30 # 45-10, 111321 Bogotá, Colombia; Universidad El Bosque, Facultad de Ciencias, Colombia.
| | - Luis E Nieto
- Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 # 40-62 Of 726, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Ivan Y Poveda
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Pharmacy, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Av. Carrera 30 # 45-10, 111321 Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Maria A Torres
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Pharmacy, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Av. Carrera 30 # 45-10, 111321 Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Ana S Silva
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Luis F Ospina
- Department of Pharmacy, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 111321, Av. Carrera 30 # 45-10, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - João F Mano
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Marta R Fontanilla
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Pharmacy, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Av. Carrera 30 # 45-10, 111321 Bogotá, Colombia.
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Haselimashhadi H, Mason JC, Mallon AM, Smedley D, Meehan TF, Parkinson H. OpenStats: A robust and scalable software package for reproducible analysis of high-throughput phenotypic data. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242933. [PMID: 33378393 PMCID: PMC7773254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproducibility in the statistical analyses of data from high-throughput phenotyping screens requires a robust and reliable analysis foundation that allows modelling of different possible statistical scenarios. Regular challenges are scalability and extensibility of the analysis software. In this manuscript, we describe OpenStats, a freely available software package that addresses these challenges. We show the performance of the software in a high-throughput phenomic pipeline in the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) and compare the agreement of the results with the most similar implementation in the literature. OpenStats has significant improvements in speed and scalability compared to existing software packages including a 13-fold improvement in computational time to the current production analysis pipeline in the IMPC. Reduced complexity also promotes FAIR data analysis by providing transparency and benefiting other groups in reproducing and re-usability of the statistical methods and results. OpenStats is freely available under a Creative Commons license at www.bioconductor.org/packages/OpenStats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Haselimashhadi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy C. Mason
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ann-Marie Mallon
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, United kingdom
| | | | - Terrence F. Meehan
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Parkinson
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Fonseca-Rodrigues D, Amorim D, Almeida A, Pinto-Ribeiro F. Emotional and cognitive impairments in the peripheral nerve chronic constriction injury model (CCI) of neuropathic pain: A systematic review. Behav Brain Res 2020; 399:113008. [PMID: 33171146 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.113008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Emotional and cognitive impairments are common comorbidities of chronic neuropathic pain that significantly impact the quality of life of patients. While the nociceptive components of the peripheral nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI) animal model have been extensively analyzed, data related to the development of mood and cognitive disorders, and especially its impact on female rats remains fragmented. We systematically reviewed the literature analyzing the methods used to induce and evaluate the development of emotional- and cognitive-like impairments and sex-specific differences in the CCI model. DATABASES AND DATA TREATMENT We searched PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science from inception to September 30th, 2019, and a total of 44 papers were considered eligible for inclusion. We included animal studies assessing nociception, locomotion, anxious-like, depressive-like and cognitive behaviours after the CCI induction. RESULTS The overall quality of the studies was considered moderate to high. Overall, the induction of CCI leads to the development of emotional impairments, namely anxiety- and depressive-like behaviours, as well as cognitive impairments. With the majority of the studies using male subjects, the lack of evidence on female animals prevents the evaluation of sex-specific differences. CONCLUSIONS This review supports the development of an anxiodepressive-like phenotype, associated with cognitive impairments, in CCI-induced animals. These results support the use of this animal model for the study of the mechanisms underlying these comorbidities, as well as a screening tool for the development/repurposing of drugs that tackle both the neuropathy-induced nociceptive and emotional impairments, such as tricyclic antidepressants. Importantly, our review also highlights the need for studies performed in female rodents as these are almost non-existent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Fonseca-Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Diana Amorim
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Armando Almeida
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Filipa Pinto-Ribeiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
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Yang SY, Yang KC, Sumi S. Prevascularization-free Primary Subcutaneous Transplantation of Xenogeneic Islets Coencapsulated With Hepatocyte Growth Factor. Transplant Direct 2020; 6:e620. [PMID: 33134496 PMCID: PMC7587419 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000001078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Subcutaneous pouch is a potential site for islet transplantation. However, insufficient oxygen supply remains challenging. Pretreatment of neovascularization using basic fibroblast growth factor can solve this, but it needs 2× operations. We developed a device that contains rat islets in chitosan gel packed in a bag made of highly biocompatible ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer porous membrane. This study investigated whether coencapsulation of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) with islets in the device enables novel method of prevascularization-free primary subcutaneous transplantation. METHODS In vitro experiments examined slow release of HGF from the chitosan gel and islet-protection effect of HGF against hypoxia. In the latter, rat islets with/without HGF (200 ng/mL) was cultured in 1% oxygen. In in vivo experiment, fabricated device with/without HGF (10 μg/device) containing rat islets was primarily transplanted to streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice subcutaneously. RESULTS In vitro experiments showed sustained release of HGF for 28 d and alleviating effect of HGF on cell death and glucose-responsive insulin release after hypoxic culture. Islet + HGF mice, but not islet-alone mice, showed decreased nonfasting blood glucose and regained body weight after transplantation. In intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, islet + HGF mice exhibited decreased fasting blood glucose (200 ± 55 mg/dL) and good blood glucose disappearance rate (K value) (0.817 ± 0.101) comparing to normal mice (123 ± 28 mg/dL and 1.074 ± 0.374, respectively). However, in islet-alone mice, fasting blood glucose was high (365 ± 172 mg/dL) and K value was indeterminable. Serum insulin in islet + HGF mice (1.58 ± 0.94 μg/L) was close to normal mice (1.66 ± 0.55 μg/L), whereas those in islet-alone mice (0.279 ± 0.076 μg/L) and diabetic mice (0.165 ± 0.079 μg/L) were low. Immunohistochemical examination showed intact insulin- and glucagon-positive islets in retrieved devices with HGF, but no intact islet was found in the device without HGF. CONCLUSIONS HGF could enhance islet survival in hypoxia and enhance in vivo function of encapsulated islets after primary subcutaneous transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Yu Yang
- Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Reconstruction, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kai-Chiang Yang
- Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Reconstruction, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shoichiro Sumi
- Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Reconstruction, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Wilson LL, Harris HM, Eans SO, Brice-Tutt AC, Cirino TJ, Stacy HM, Simons CA, León F, Sharma A, Boyer EW, Avery BA, McLaughlin JP, McCurdy CR. Lyophilized Kratom Tea as a Therapeutic Option for Opioid Dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 216:108310. [PMID: 33017752 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Made as a tea, the Thai traditional drug "kratom" reportedly possesses pharmacological actions that include both a coca-like stimulant effect and opium-like depressant effect. Kratom has been used as a substitute for opium in physically-dependent subjects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antinociception, somatic and physical dependence produced by kratom tea, and then assess if the tea ameliorated withdrawal in opioid physically-dependent subjects. METHODS Lyophilized kratom tea (LKT) was evaluated in C57BL/6J and opioid receptor knockout mice after oral administration. Antinociceptive activity was measured in the 55 °C warm-water tail-withdrawal assay. Potential locomotor impairment, respiratory depression and locomotor hyperlocomotion, and place preference induced by oral LKT were assessed in the rotarod, Comprehensive Lab Animal Monitoring System, and conditioned place preference assays, respectively. Naloxone-precipitated withdrawal was used to determine potential physical dependence in mice repeatedly treated with saline or escalating doses of morphine or LKT, and LKT amelioration of morphine withdrawal. Data were analyzed using one- and two-way ANOVA. RESULTS Oral administration of LKT resulted in dose-dependent antinociception (≥1 g/kg, p.o.) absent in mice lacking the mu-opioid receptor (MOR) and reduced in mice lacking the kappa-opioid receptor. These doses of LKT did not alter coordinated locomotion or induce conditioned place preference, and only briefly reduced respiration. Repeated administration of LKT did not produce physical dependence, but significantly decreased naloxone-precipitated withdrawal in morphine dependent mice. CONCLUSIONS The present study confirms the MOR agonist activity and therapeutic effect of LKT for the treatment of pain and opioid physical dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa L Wilson
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Hannah M Harris
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Shainnel O Eans
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Ariana C Brice-Tutt
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Thomas J Cirino
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Heather M Stacy
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Chloe A Simons
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Francisco León
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Abhisheak Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Edward W Boyer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bonnie A Avery
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jay P McLaughlin
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Christopher R McCurdy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
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Brenes-Soto A, Tye M, Esmail MY. The Role of Feed in Aquatic Laboratory Animal Nutrition and the Potential Impact on Animal Models and Study Reproducibility. ILAR J 2020; 60:197-215. [PMID: 33094819 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilaa006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Feed plays a central role in the physiological development of terrestrial and aquatic animals. Historically, the feeding practice of aquatic research species derived from aquaculture, farmed, or ornamental trades. These diets are highly variable, with limited quality control, and have been typically selected to provide the fastest growth or highest fecundity. These variations of quality and composition of diets may affect animal/colony health and can introduce confounding experimental variables into animal-based studies that impact research reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Brenes-Soto
- Department of Animal Science, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Marc Tye
- Zebrafish Core Facility, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Michael Y Esmail
- Tufts Comparative Medicine Services, Tufts University Health Science Campus, Boston, Massachusetts
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Tran MC, Crockett DC, Formenti F, Phan PA, Hedenstierna G, Larsson A, Payne SJ, Farmery AD. Lung heterogeneity and deadspace volume in acute respiratory distress syndrome animals using the inspired sinewave test. Physiol Meas 2020; 41. [PMID: 33049721 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/abc0b5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The acute respiratory distress syndrome is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality, as patients undergoing mechanical ventilation are at risk of ventilator-induced lung injuries. OBJECTIVE To measure the lung heterogeneity and deadspace volume to find safer ventilator strategies. Then, the ventilator settings could offer homogeneous ventilation and theoretically equalise and reduce tidal strain/stress in the lung parenchyma. APPROACH The Inspired Sinewave Test (IST) is a non-invasive lung measurement tool, which does not require patients' cooperation. The IST can measure the effective lung volume, pulmonary blood flow and deadspace volume. We developed a computational simulation of the cardiopulmonary system to allow lung heterogeneity to be quantified using data solely derived from the IST. Then, the method to quantify lung heterogeneity using two IST tracer gas frequencies (180s and 60s) was introduced and experimented in the simulation lungs and in animal models. Thirteen anaesthetised pigs were studied with the IST, both before and after experimental lung injury (saline-lavage ARDS model). The deadspace volume is compared between IST and the SF_{6} Washout method. RESULTS The IST could measure the lung heterogeneity using two frequencies tracer gases. Furthermore, the value of IST ventilation heterogeneity in ARDS lungs were higher than in control lungs at PEEP 10cmH_{2}O (AuC=0.85, p<0.001). Deadspace volume values measured by the IST has a strong relationship with the measured values of the SF_{6} (9mL bias and limits of agreement from -79mL to 57mL in control animals). SIGNIFICANCE the potential impact of the IST technique in the identification of ventilation and perfusion heterogeneity during ventilator support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Cong Tran
- Oxford University, Oxford, OX1 2JD, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Douglas C Crockett
- Oxford University, Oxford, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Federico Formenti
- King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Phi Anh Phan
- Nuffield Division of Anaesthetics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, Oxford, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Göran Hedenstierna
- Department of Medical Sciences Clinical Physiology, Academic Hospital - Uppsala, Uppsala, SWEDEN
| | - Anders Larsson
- Department of Medical Sciences Clinical Physiology, Academic Hospital - Uppsala, Uppsala, SWEDEN
| | - Stephen J Payne
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Andrew D Farmery
- University of Oxford Medical Sciences Division, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
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Peter EL, Nagendrappa PB, Kaligirwa A, Ogwang PE, Sesaazi CD. The safety and efficacy of Momordica charantia L. in animal models of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytother Res 2020; 35:637-656. [PMID: 32929814 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic hyperglycemic condition due to progressively impaired glucose regulation. Momordica charantia L. could potentially improve hyperglycemia because its fruit extracts can alleviate insulin resistance, beta-cell dysfunction, and increase serum insulin level. We evaluated the effect of M. charantia L. in comparison with a vehicle on glycemic control in animal models of type 2 diabetes mellitus. MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and CINAHL databases were searched without language restriction through April 2019. About 66 studies involving 1861 animals that examined the effect of M. charantia L. on type 2 diabetes mellitus were included. Fruits and seed extracts reduced fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c in comparison to vehicle control: (42 studies, 815 animals; SMD, -6.86 [95% CI; -7.95, -5.77], 3 studies, 59 animals; SMD; -7.76 [95% CI; -12.50, -3.01]) respectively. Also, the extracts have hepato-renal protective effects at varying doses and duration of administration. Despite the observed significant glycemic control effect, poor methodological quality calls for future researches to focus on standardizing extract based on chemical markers and adopt measures to improve the quality of preclinical studies such as sample size calculation, randomization, and blinding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel L Peter
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.,Department of Innovation, Technology Transfer & Commercialization, National Institute for Medical Research, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Prakash B Nagendrappa
- Centre for Local Health Traditions & Policy, Trans-Disciplinary University (TDU), Bengaluru, India
| | - Anita Kaligirwa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Patrick Engeu Ogwang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Crispin Duncan Sesaazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
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Early life fluoxetine treatment causes long-term lean phenotype in skeletal muscle of rats exposed to maternal lard-based high-fat diet. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110727. [PMID: 32927255 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a concern about early life exposure to Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI) in child development and motor system maturation. Little is known, however, about the interaction of environmental factors, such as maternal nutrition, associated with early exposure to SSRI. The increased maternal consumption of high-fat diets is worrisome and affects serotonin system development with repercussions in body phenotype. This study aimed to assess the short- and long-term effects of neonatal fluoxetine treatment on the body and skeletal muscle phenotype of rats exposed to a maternal lard-based high-fat (H) diet during the perinatal period. A maternal lard-based high-fat diet causes reduced birth weight, a short-term reduction in type IIA fibers in the soleus muscle, and in type IIB fibers in the Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL) muscle, reducing Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in both muscles. In the long-term, the soleus showed reduced muscle weight, smaller area and perimeter of muscle fibers, while the EDL muscle showed reduced Citrate Synthase (CS) activity in offspring from the rats on the maternal lard-based high-fat diet. Early-life exposure to fluoxetine reduced body weight and growth and reduced soleus weight and enzymatic activity in young rats. Exposure to neonatal fluoxetine in adult rats caused a decreased body mass index, less food intake, and reduced muscle weight with reduced CS and LDH activity. Neonatal fluoxetine in young rats exposed to a maternal lard-based high-fat diet caused reduced body weight and growth, reduced soleus weight as well as area and perimeter of type I muscle fibers. In adulthood, there was a reduction in food intake, increased proportion of IIA type fibers, reduced area and perimeter of type IIB, and reduction in levels of CS activity in EDL muscle. Neonatal fluoxetine treatment in rats exposed to a maternal lard-based, high-fat diet induces a reduction in muscle weight, an increase in the proportion of oxidative fibers and greater oxidative enzymatic activity in adulthood.
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van der Naald M, Wenker S, Doevendans PA, Wever KE, Chamuleau SAJ. Publication rate in preclinical research: a plea for preregistration. BMJ OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 4:e100051. [PMID: 35047690 PMCID: PMC8647586 DOI: 10.1136/bmjos-2019-100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The ultimate goal of biomedical research is the development of new treatment options for patients. Animal models are used if questions cannot be addressed otherwise. Currently, it is widely believed that a large fraction of performed studies are never published, but there are no data that directly address this question. METHODS We have tracked a selection of animal study protocols approved in the University Medical Center Utrecht in the Netherlands, to assess whether these have led to a publication with a follow-up period of 7 years. RESULTS We found that 60% of all animal study protocols led to at least one publication (full text or abstract). A total of 5590 animals were used in these studies, of which 26% was reported in the resulting publications. CONCLUSIONS The data presented here underline the need for preclinical preregistration, in view of the risk of reporting and publication bias in preclinical research. We plea that all animal study protocols should be prospectively registered on an online, accessible platform to increase transparency and data sharing. To facilitate this, we have developed a platform dedicated to animal study protocol registration: www.preclinicaltrials.eu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira van der Naald
- Cardiology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Steven Wenker
- Cardiology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter A Doevendans
- Cardiology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberley E Wever
- Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation, Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Heath Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - Steven A J Chamuleau
- Cardiology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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46
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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Induces Analgesia in Rats with Neuropathic Pain and Alcohol Abstinence. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:2653-2663. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03116-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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LOW-DOSE NALTREXONE REVERSES FACIAL MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA IN A RAT MODEL OF TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA. Neurosci Lett 2020; 736:135248. [PMID: 32673692 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a type of neuropathic pain characterized by intense pain; although anticonvulsants are used as an option to relieve pain, adverse side effects can decrease patient adherence. In this context, a low dose of naltrexone is effective in relieving pain in other pain conditions. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the analgesic effect of low-dose naltrexone on facial mechanical allodynia in a rat model of TN, as well as its effect(s) on biomarkers in the central nervous system (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF], interleukin [IL]-10, and toll-like receptor-4). Fifty-nine adult male Wistar rats (CEUA-HCPA#2017-0575) were allocated to following groups: control; sham-pain + vehicle; sham-pain + carbamazepine (100 mg/kg); sham-pain + naltrexone (0.5 mg/kg); pain + vehicle; pain + carbamazepine; and pain + naltrexone. TN was induced using chronic constriction of the infraorbital nerve. Facial allodynia was assessed using von Frey test. Drugs were administered by gavage 14 days after surgery for 10 days. At baseline, the mechanical threshold was similar between groups (P > 0.05; generalized estimating equation). Seven days after surgery, facial allodynia was observed in sham-TN and pain-TN groups (P < 0.05). Fourteen days after surgery, only pain-TN groups exhibited facial allodynia. The first dose of low-dose naltrexone or carbamazepine partially reversed facial allodynia. After 10 days of treatment, both drugs completely reversed it. Spinal cord levels of BDNF and IL-10 were modulated by low-dose naltrexone. Thus, low-dose naltrexone may be suitable to relieve TN; however, the exact mechanisms need to be clarified.
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Monteiro BP, Otis C, Del Castillo JRE, Nitulescu R, Brown K, Arendt-Nielsen L, Troncy E. Quantitative sensory testing in feline osteoarthritic pain - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2020; 28:885-896. [PMID: 32360738 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Quantitative sensory testing (QST) is a psychophysical test used to quantify somatosensory sensation under normal or pathological conditions including osteoarthritis (OA). OBJECTIVE This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies using QST in healthy and osteoarthritic cats, registered at Systematic Review Research Facility (#26-06-2017). DESIGN Hierarchical models with random intercepts for each individual study extracted through the systematic review were fit to subject-level data; QST measures were contrasted between healthy and osteoarthritic cats. Four bibliographic databases were searched; quality and risk of bias assessment were performed using pre-established criteria. RESULTS Six articles were included; most were of high quality and low risk of bias. Punctate tactile threshold (n = 70) and mechanical temporal summation (n = 35) were eligible for analysis. Cats with OA have lower punctate tactile threshold [mean difference (95%HDI): -44 (-60; -26) grams] and facilitated temporal summation of pain [hazard ratio (95%HDI): 5.32 (2.19; 14) times] when compared with healthy cats. The effect of sex and body weight on sensory sensitivity remained inconclusive throughout all analyses. Due to the correlation between age and OA status, it remains difficult to assess the effect of OA on sensory sensitivity, independently of age. CONCLUSIONS Clear and transparent reporting using guidelines are warranted. Similar to people, centralized sensitization is a feature of OA in cats. Future studies should try to elucidate the age effect on feline OA. Research with natural OA in cats is promising with potential to benefit feline health and welfare, and improve translatability to clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Monteiro
- GREPAQ (Groupe de Recherche en Pharmacologie Animale Du Québec), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
| | - C Otis
- GREPAQ (Groupe de Recherche en Pharmacologie Animale Du Québec), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada; University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - J R E Del Castillo
- GREPAQ (Groupe de Recherche en Pharmacologie Animale Du Québec), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
| | - R Nitulescu
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - K Brown
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - L Arendt-Nielsen
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Sensory-Motor Interaction (SMI®), Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - E Troncy
- GREPAQ (Groupe de Recherche en Pharmacologie Animale Du Québec), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada; University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Rodrigues AF, Newman L, Jasim D, Mukherjee SP, Wang J, Vacchi IA, Ménard‐Moyon C, Bianco A, Fadeel B, Kostarelos K, Bussy C. Size-Dependent Pulmonary Impact of Thin Graphene Oxide Sheets in Mice: Toward Safe-by-Design. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1903200. [PMID: 32596109 PMCID: PMC7312279 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Safety assessment of graphene-based materials (GBMs) including graphene oxide (GO) is essential for their safe use across many sectors of society. In particular, the link between specific material properties and biological effects needs to be further elucidated. Here, the effects of lateral dimensions of GO sheets in acute and chronic pulmonary responses after single intranasal instillation in mice are compared. Micrometer-sized GO induces stronger pulmonary inflammation than nanometer-sized GO, despite reduced translocation to the lungs. Genome-wide RNA sequencing also reveals distinct size-dependent effects of GO, in agreement with the histopathological results. Although large GO, but not the smallest GO, triggers the formation of granulomas that persists for up to 90 days, no pulmonary fibrosis is observed. These latter results can be partly explained by Raman imaging, which evidences the progressive biotransformation of GO into less graphitic structures. The findings demonstrate that lateral dimensions play a fundamental role in the pulmonary response to GO, and suggest that airborne exposure to micrometer-sized GO should be avoided in the production plant or applications, where aerosolized dispersions are likely to occur. These results are important toward the implementation of a safer-by-design approach for GBM products and applications, for the benefit of workers and end-users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Filipe Rodrigues
- Nanomedicine LabFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterM13 9PTUK
- National Graphene InstituteUniversity of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PTUK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and InflammationSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterM13 9PTUK
| | - Leon Newman
- Nanomedicine LabFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterM13 9PTUK
- National Graphene InstituteUniversity of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PTUK
| | - Dhifaf Jasim
- Nanomedicine LabFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterM13 9PTUK
- National Graphene InstituteUniversity of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PTUK
| | - Sourav P. Mukherjee
- Nanosafety & Nanomedicine LaboratoryInstitute of Environmental MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholm171 77Sweden
| | - Jun Wang
- Science for Life LaboratoryDepartment of Biochemistry and BiophysicsStockholm UniversityStockholm171 65Sweden
| | - Isabella A. Vacchi
- University of StrasbourgCNRSImmunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic ChemistryUPR 3572Strasbourg67 084France
| | - Cécilia Ménard‐Moyon
- University of StrasbourgCNRSImmunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic ChemistryUPR 3572Strasbourg67 084France
| | - Alberto Bianco
- University of StrasbourgCNRSImmunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic ChemistryUPR 3572Strasbourg67 084France
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Nanosafety & Nanomedicine LaboratoryInstitute of Environmental MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholm171 77Sweden
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine LabFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterM13 9PTUK
- National Graphene InstituteUniversity of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PTUK
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2)Campus UABBellaterraBarcelona08193Spain
| | - Cyrill Bussy
- Nanomedicine LabFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterM13 9PTUK
- National Graphene InstituteUniversity of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PTUK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and InflammationSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterM13 9PTUK
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50
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Contartese D, Tschon M, De Mattei M, Fini M. Sex Specific Determinants in Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3696. [PMID: 32456298 PMCID: PMC7279293 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent joint disease that primarily affects about 10% of the world's population over 60 years old. The purpose of this study is to systematically review the preclinical studies regarding sex differences in OA, with particular attention to the molecular aspect and gene expression, but also to the histopathological aspects. Three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge) were screened for eligible studies. In vitro and in vivo papers written in English, published in the last 11 years (2009-2020) were eligible. Participants were preclinical studies, including cell cultures and animal models of OA, evaluating sex differences. Independent extraction of articles and quality assessments were performed by two authors using predefined data fields and specific tools (Animals in Research Reporting In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guideline and Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) tool). Twenty-three studies were included in the review: 4 in vitro studies, 18 in vivo studies, and 1 both in vitro and in vivo study. From in vitro works, sex differences were found in the gene expression of inflammatory molecules, hormonal receptors, and in responsiveness to hormonal stimulation. In vivo research showed a great heterogeneity of animal models mainly focused on the histopathological aspects rather than on the analysis of sex-related molecular mechanisms. This review highlights that many gaps in knowledge still exist; improvementsin the selection and reporting of animal models, the use of advanced in vitro models, and multiomics analyses might contribute to developing a personalized gender-based medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyanira Contartese
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli RIT Department, IRCCS–Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Matilde Tschon
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli RIT Department, IRCCS–Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Monica De Mattei
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Milena Fini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli RIT Department, IRCCS–Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (M.F.)
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