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Dong J, Wang L, Liu L, Zhang Y, Wu Q, Zhao J. How policy advocacy promotes regulated antibiotic use: Evidence from meat duck farmers of China. One Health 2024; 19:100900. [PMID: 39386999 PMCID: PMC11462372 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic residues resulting from the misuse of veterinary antibiotics pose a serious threat to global food safety and the ecological environment. Regulating the use of antibiotics is currently a major concern; however, existing literature on this issue remains insufficient. Therefore, to advance research in this area, this study utilizes data from 988 questionnaires collected across 9 provinces in China and employs the 3SLS systematic estimation method. It constructs an analytical framework to explore the mechanisms through which policy advocacy (PA) influences regulating antibiotics use (RAU) among meat duck farmers. Specifically, the study examines two pathways: " PA - public opinion pressure perception (POPP) - RAU" and " PA - moral responsibility (MR) - RAU." Additionally, it explores the potential mechanisms through which PA impacts RAU among farmers. The results show that PA (Coef = 0.070, SE = 0.014) can promote RAU by increasing the level of POPP (Coef = 0.173, SE = 0.091). PA (Coef = 0.351, SE = 0.028) can also promote RAU by enhancing MR (Coef = 0.239, SE = 0.035). Meanwhile, this study introduces Internet use (IU) and reputational incentives (RI) as moderating variables to analyze their role in moderating the impact of PA on RAU. It was demonstrated that IU (Coef = 0.088, SE = 0.016) significantly enhances farmers' awareness of the value of RAU and amplifies the impact of PA on MR. However, IU (Coef = -0.017, SE = 0.008) was found to inhibit the effect of PA on POPP. RI fully satisfies farmers' need for " honor " and enhances the effectiveness of PA in promoting both POPP (Coef = 0.009, SE = 0.002) and MR (Coef = 0.058, SE = 0.004). Finally, the study proposes that the government expand PA channels, innovate methods, and combine online outreach with demonstrations to improve farmers' awareness of antibiotic use and address their reputational needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Dong
- College of Economics and Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Heze Rural Commercial Bank, Heze 274000, China
| | - Lingzhi Liu
- College of Economics and Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Economics and Management, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 430070, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- College of Economics and Management, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 430070, China
| | - Jiajia Zhao
- College of Economics, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
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Oliveira M, Antunes W, Mota S, Madureira-Carvalho Á, Dinis-Oliveira RJ, Dias da Silva D. An Overview of the Recent Advances in Antimicrobial Resistance. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1920. [PMID: 39338594 PMCID: PMC11434382 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12091920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2024] [Revised: 09/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), frequently considered a major global public health threat, requires a comprehensive understanding of its emergence, mechanisms, advances, and implications. AMR's epidemiological landscape is characterized by its widespread prevalence and constantly evolving patterns, with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) creating new challenges every day. The most common mechanisms underlying AMR (i.e., genetic mutations, horizontal gene transfer, and selective pressure) contribute to the emergence and dissemination of new resistant strains. Therefore, mitigation strategies (e.g., antibiotic stewardship programs-ASPs-and infection prevention and control strategies-IPCs) emphasize the importance of responsible antimicrobial use and surveillance. A One Health approach (i.e., the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health) highlights the necessity for interdisciplinary collaboration and holistic strategies in combating AMR. Advancements in novel therapeutics (e.g., alternative antimicrobial agents and vaccines) offer promising avenues in addressing AMR challenges. Policy interventions at the international and national levels also promote ASPs aiming to regulate antimicrobial use. Despite all of the observed progress, AMR remains a pressing concern, demanding sustained efforts to address emerging threats and promote antimicrobial sustainability. Future research must prioritize innovative approaches and address the complex socioecological dynamics underlying AMR. This manuscript is a comprehensive resource for researchers, policymakers, and healthcare professionals seeking to navigate the complex AMR landscape and develop effective strategies for its mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Oliveira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (Á.M.-C.); (D.D.d.S.)
- UCIBIO—Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Wilson Antunes
- Instituto Universitário Militar, CINAMIL, Unidade Militar Laboratorial de Defesa Biológica e Química, Avenida Doutor Alfredo Bensaúde, 4 piso, do LNM, 1849-012 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Salete Mota
- ULSEDV—Unidade Local De Saúde De Entre Douro Vouga, Unidade de Santa Maria da Feira e Hospital S. Sebastião, Rua Dr. Cândido Pinho, 4520-211 Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
| | - Áurea Madureira-Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (Á.M.-C.); (D.D.d.S.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Forensics and Biomedical Sciences Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (Á.M.-C.); (D.D.d.S.)
- UCIBIO—Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- FOREN—Forensic Science Experts, Avenida Dr. Mário Moutinho 33-A, 1400-136 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diana Dias da Silva
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (Á.M.-C.); (D.D.d.S.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Forensics and Biomedical Sciences Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ESS, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Agusi ER, Kabantiyok D, Mkpuma N, Atai RB, Okongwu-Ejike C, Bakare EL, Budaye J, Sule KG, Rindaps RJ, James GK, Audu BJ, Agada GO, Adegboye O, Meseko CA. Prevalence of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates and virulence gene expression in poultry farms in Jos, Nigeria. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1298582. [PMID: 38933030 PMCID: PMC11199394 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1298582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Antimicrobial resistance is increasingly becoming a global health concern. This study aimed to investigate and report MDR Escherichia coli (E. coli) prevalence, resistance, and virulence genes from poultry in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. Methods The samples were analyzed using microbiological standard methods and polymerase chain reactions (PCRs). Results A total of 179 cloacal swabs were collected from bothlocal and exotic poultry breeds, of which 99.4% (178/179) tested positive for E. coli. Among these culturally identified samples, 99.4% (177/178) were furtherconfirmed Escherichia coli with a molecular weight of 401 bp. Multidrugresistance of 45% (80/178) was observed from the confirmed isolates. PCR assays were conducted to detect genes associated with resistance to antibiotics, specifically, tetracycline (tetA gene), sulfonamide (sul1 gene), ampicillin (ampC gene), and quinolone (gyrA gene). Antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) results revealed substantial antibiotic resistance, with 81.9% (145/177) of the isolates being resistant to tetracycline, 80.2% (142/177) to quinolone, 69.5% (123/177) to sulfonamide, and 66.1% (117/177) to ampicillin. Further analysis on 18 isolates that showed resistance to up to four different antibiotics was carried out using multiplex PCR to detect eae, hlyA, rfbE, fliC, and fstx virulence genes. The study found that 44.4% (15/18) of the isolates were positive for the eae gene, 27.7% (5/18) for stx, 22.2% (4/18) for rfbe gene, and 5.5% (1) for hlya gene, and none tested positive for fliC gene. Conclusion These results showed high antibiotic resistance, virulent genes, and significant levels of MDR in E. coli from poultry. This study highlights the urgent need for antimicrobial stewardship practices within the poultry industry due to their profound implications for food safety and public health. This issue is particularly critical in Nigeria, where poultry farming constitutes a significant portion of smallholder farming practices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dennis Kabantiyok
- Fleming Laboratory Microbiology Department, National Veterinary Research Institute, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Nicodemus Mkpuma
- Fleming Laboratory Microbiology Department, National Veterinary Research Institute, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Rebecca Bitiyong Atai
- Fleming Laboratory Microbiology Department, National Veterinary Research Institute, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Chidinma Okongwu-Ejike
- Fleming Laboratory Microbiology Department, National Veterinary Research Institute, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Ebun Lydia Bakare
- Fleming Laboratory Microbiology Department, National Veterinary Research Institute, Jos, Nigeria
| | - James Budaye
- Fleming Laboratory Microbiology Department, National Veterinary Research Institute, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Kabiru Garba Sule
- Fleming Laboratory Microbiology Department, National Veterinary Research Institute, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Rindah Joy Rindaps
- Fleming Laboratory Microbiology Department, National Veterinary Research Institute, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Gyallak Kingsley James
- Fleming Laboratory Microbiology Department, National Veterinary Research Institute, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Benshak John Audu
- Biotechnology Centre, National Veterinary Research Institute, Jos, Nigeria
| | | | - Oyelola Adegboye
- Menzies School of Public Health, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Clement Adebajo Meseko
- Regional Laboratory for Animal Influenza & Transboundary Animal Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Jos, Nigeria
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Champati A, Bhanja SK, Rokade JJ, Nayak N, Yadav AS, Biswas A, Sharma D, Chakma J, Sky, Mishra J, Saha SK, Agrawal RK, Singh M. Evaluation of in-feed supplementation of formic acid and thymol as non-antibiotic growth promoters and assessing their effect on antimicrobial resistant E.coli isolated in Turkey. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:1741-1754. [PMID: 38539029 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10353-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
With the rampant usage of antibiotics as growth promoters (AGPs) in poultry sector, there has been alarming concerns of antimicrobial resistant microbes such as Escherichia coli. Diversification of poultry farming due to consumer demand for safer products with higher protein content, turkey production is gaining popularity. Feed additives such as formic acid (FA) and thymol (TH) are effectively replacing AGPs due to their antimicrobial action. This directed the researchers to find alternatives to antibiotics such as thymol and formic acid because of their strong antimicrobial, anti-oxidative, digestive-stimulating properties. To assess the efficacy of FA and TH as growth promoters and their effect on the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) load, the current study (0-12 weeks) was conducted in CARI VIRAT turkey poults (n = 256; unsexed) those were randomly distributed into eight treatment groups: control(T1), AGP (T2), graded levels of FA (T3 to T5) @ 2.5, 5 and 7.5 ml/kg and TH (T6 to T8) @ 120, 240 and 350 mg/kg. Cloacal swab samples were collected at 0, 4th, 8th and 12th week interval and processed further for isolation, identification and assessment of resistance profile of E. coli. The final body weight, cumulative gain and FCR were significantly (p < 0.05) better for birds under supplementation. The Total plate count (TPC) and coliforms showcased a significant (p < 0.001) reduction in the FA and TH supplement groups as compared to control and AGP group. The resistance profile indicated E. coli isolates from AGP group with significantly (p < 0.001) highest resistivity against antibiotics (viz. chloramphenicol, tetracycline, nalidixic acid, chlortetracycline) while isolates from FA (T5) and TH (T8) groups were the least resistant. blaAmpC gene was significantly (p < 0.001) harbored in T2 isolates whereas least detected in T5 and T8. It was inferred that formic acid (7.5 ml/kg) and thymol (360 mg/kg) can effectively replace AGPs and lower AMR burden in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet Champati
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India.
| | - Subrat Kumar Bhanja
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Regional Station, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003, India.
| | - Jaydip Jaywant Rokade
- ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Nibedita Nayak
- ICAR-Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Goa, 403402, India
| | - Ajit Singh Yadav
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Avishek Biswas
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250001, India
| | - Divya Sharma
- ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Juli Chakma
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Sky
- ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Jyotiprabha Mishra
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Subodh Kumar Saha
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Ravi Kant Agrawal
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Mukesh Singh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
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Duc HM, Hoa TTK, Ha CTT, Van Hung L, Van Thang N, Minh Son H, Flory GA. Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Clostridium perfringens Isolated from Pork and Chicken Meat in Vietnam. Pathogens 2024; 13:400. [PMID: 38787252 PMCID: PMC11123724 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is one of the most important zoonotic pathogens as it can cause food poisoning in humans and necrotic enteritis in both animals and humans. Meat, especially pork and chicken meat, is considered the main vehicle for the transmission of C. perfringens from animals to humans. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence, toxinotype, and antimicrobial resistance profile of C. perfringens isolated from pork and chicken meat sold in Vietnam. The isolation results showed that 15/50 (30%) of pork samples and 8/50 (16%) of chicken meat samples were contaminated with C. perfringens. The isolates exhibited their highest resistance rate to tetracycline (21/23; 91.30%) and clindamycin (10/23; 43.48%). On the contrary, their lowest resistance rates were observed in response to imipenem (2/23; 8.70%) and cefoxitin (1/23; 4.35%). In particular, 34.78% (8/23) of C. perfringens isolates were identified to be multidrug-resistant strains. The results of toxin genotyping indicated that all isolates were positive for the cpa gene and belonged to type A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Minh Duc
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Khanh Hoa
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
| | - Cam Thi Thu Ha
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
| | - Le Van Hung
- Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Thang
- Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Minh Son
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
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Chen Y, Liu L, Guo Y, Chu J, Wang B, Sui Y, Wei H, Hao H, Huang L, Cheng G. Distribution and genetic characterization of fluoroquinolone resistance gene qnr among Salmonella strains from chicken in China. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0300023. [PMID: 38411972 PMCID: PMC10986518 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03000-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence and dissemination of the plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance gene qnr in Salmonella are considered serious public health concerns worldwide. So far, no comprehensive large-scale studies have focused on the prevalence and genetic characteristics of the qnr gene in Salmonella isolated from chickens. Herein, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns, and molecular characteristics of chicken-originated qnr-positive Salmonella strains from chicken farms, slaughterhouses, and markets in 12 provinces of China in 2020-2021. The overall prevalence of the qnr gene was 21.13% (56/265), with the highest prevalence in markets (36.11%, 26/72), followed in farms (17.95%, 21/117), and slaughterhouses (10.53%, 9/76). Only the qnrS and qnrB genes were detected, and the prevalence rate of the qnrS gene (19.25%, 51/265) was higher than that of the qnrB gene (1.89%, 5/265). Whole genome sequencing identified 37 distinct AMR genes and 15 plasmid replicons, and the most frequent mutation in quinolone resistance determining regions was parC (T57S; 91.49%, 43/47). Meanwhile, four different qnrS and two qnrB genetic environments were discovered among 47 qnr-positive Salmonella strains. In total, 21.28% (10/47) of the strains were capable of conjugative transfer, and all were qnrS1-positive strains, with the majority of transferable plasmids being IncHI2 types (n = 4). Overall, the prevalence of qnr-positive Salmonella strains from chickens in China and their carriage of multiple resistance and virulence genes and transferable plasmids is a major concern, which calls for continuous surveillance of qnr-positive Salmonella and the development of measures to control its prevalence and transmission.IMPORTANCESalmonella is a common foodborne pathogen responsible for 155,000 deaths annually worldwide. Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are used as first-line drugs for the treatment of Salmonella infections in several countries and regions. However, the emergence and increasing prevalence of the FQ-resistant gene qnr in Salmonella isolated from chickens have been widely reported. Gaining insight into the genetic mechanisms of AMR genes in chicken could lead to the development of preventive measures to control and reduce the risk of drug resistance. In this study, we identified qnr-positive Salmonellae isolated from chickens in different regions of China and their AMR patterns and genome-wide characteristics, providing a theoretical basis for further control of their prevalence and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lihui Liu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yali Guo
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jinhua Chu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bangjuan Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuxin Sui
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hanqi Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haihong Hao
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lingli Huang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guyue Cheng
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Zarske M, Luu HQ, Deneke C, Knüver MT, Thieck M, Hoang HTT, Bretschneider N, Pham NT, Huber I, Stingl K. Identification of knowledge gaps in whole-genome sequence analysis of multi-resistant thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:156. [PMID: 38331708 PMCID: PMC10851486 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10014-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter spp. is the most frequent cause of bacterial food-borne gastroenteritis and a high priority antibiotic resistant bacterium according to the World Health Organization (WHO). European monitoring of thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. does not reflect the global burden of resistances already circulating within the bacterial population worldwide. METHODS We systematically compared whole genome sequencing with comprehensive phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility, analyzing 494 thermotolerant Campylobacter poultry isolates from Vietnam and Germany. Any discrepancy was checked by repeating the wet lab and improving the dry lab part. Selected isolates were additionally analyzed via long-read Oxford Nanopore technology, leading to closed chromosomes and plasmids. RESULTS Overall, 22 different resistance genes and gene variants (e. g. erm(B), aph(3')-IIIa, aph(2'')-If, catA, lnu(C), blaOXA, sat4) and point mutations in three distinct genes (gyrA, 23S rRNA, rpsL) associated with AMR were present in the Campylobacter isolates. Two AMR genes were missing in the database and one falsely associated with resistance. Bioinformatic analysis based on short-read data partly failed to identify tet(O) and aadE, when the genes were present as duplicate or homologous gene variants. Intriguingly, isolates also contained different determinants, redundantly conferring resistance to chloramphenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin, lincomycin and streptomycin. We found a novel tet(W) in tetracycline sensitive strains, harboring point mutations. Furthermore, analysis based on assemblies from short-read data was impaired to identify full length phase variable aad9, due to variations of the poly-C tract within the gene. The genetic determinant responsible for gentamicin resistance of one isolate from Germany could not be identified. GyrT86I, presenting the main determinant for (fluoro-)quinolone resistance led to a rare atypical phenotype of ciprofloxacin resistance but nalidixic acid sensitivity. Long-read sequencing predicted AMR genes were mainly located on the chromosome, and rarely on plasmids. Predictions from long- and short-read sequencing, respectively, often differed. AMR genes were often organized in multidrug resistance islands (MDRI) and partially located in proximity to transposase genes, suggesting main mobilization of resistance determinants is via natural transformation and transposition in Campylobacter. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that there is frequent resistance gene duplication, mosaicism, and mutation leading to gene variation and truncation in Campylobacter strains that have not been reported in previous studies and are missing from databases. Furthermore, there is a need for deciphering yet unknown resistance mechanisms and resistance spread in thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. that may pose a challenge to global food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zarske
- Department of Biological Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Diedersdorfer Weg 1, Berlin, D-12277, Germany
| | - Huong Quynh Luu
- National Institute of Veterinary Research (NIVR), 86 Truong Chinh Street, Hanoi, Dong Da District, Vietnam
| | - Carlus Deneke
- Department of Biological Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Diedersdorfer Weg 1, Berlin, D-12277, Germany
| | - Marie-Theres Knüver
- Department of Biological Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Diedersdorfer Weg 1, Berlin, D-12277, Germany
| | - Maja Thieck
- Department of Biological Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Diedersdorfer Weg 1, Berlin, D-12277, Germany
| | - Ha Thi Thu Hoang
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (NIHE), 1 Yersin Street, Hanoi, Trung District, Vietnam
| | - Nancy Bretschneider
- Department of Molecular Biology and Gene Technology, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleissheim, D-85764, Germany
| | - Ngoc Thi Pham
- National Institute of Veterinary Research (NIVR), 86 Truong Chinh Street, Hanoi, Dong Da District, Vietnam
| | - Ingrid Huber
- Department of Molecular Biology and Gene Technology, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleissheim, D-85764, Germany
| | - Kerstin Stingl
- Department of Biological Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Diedersdorfer Weg 1, Berlin, D-12277, Germany.
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8
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Arnold KE, Laing G, McMahon BJ, Fanning S, Stekel DJ, Pahl O, Coyne L, Latham SM, McIntyre KM. The need for One Health systems-thinking approaches to understand multiscale dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. Lancet Planet Health 2024; 8:e124-e133. [PMID: 38331529 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(23)00278-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Although the effects of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are most obvious at clinical treatment failure, AMR evolution, transmission, and dispersal happen largely in environmental settings, for example within farms, waterways, livestock, and wildlife. We argue that systems-thinking, One Health approaches are crucial for tackling AMR, by understanding and predicting how anthropogenic activities interact within environmental subsystems, to drive AMR emergence and transmission. Innovative computational methods integrating big data streams (eg, from clinical, agricultural, and environmental monitoring) will accelerate our understanding of AMR, supporting decision making. There are challenges to accessing, integrating, synthesising, and interpreting such complex, multidimensional, heterogeneous datasets, including the lack of specific metrics to quantify anthropogenic AMR. Moreover, data confidentiality, geopolitical and cultural variation, surveillance gaps, and science funding cause biases, uncertainty, and gaps in AMR data and metadata. Combining systems-thinking with modelling will allow exploration, scaling-up, and extrapolation of existing data. This combination will provide vital understanding of the dynamic movement and transmission of AMR within and among environmental subsystems, and its effects across the greater system. Consequently, strategies for slowing down AMR dissemination can be modelled and compared for efficacy and cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Arnold
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, UK.
| | | | - Barry J McMahon
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Séamus Fanning
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dov J Stekel
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK; Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ole Pahl
- Department of Civil Engineering and Environmental Management, School of Computing, Engineering and Built Environment, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lucy Coyne
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; National Office of Animal Health, Stevenage, UK
| | - Sophia M Latham
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - K Marie McIntyre
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Modelling, Evidence and Policy group, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
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9
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Rizal S, Nurhapsari I, Fauziah I, Masrukhin M, Jatmiko YD. Prevalence of multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli from local and broiler chickens at Cibinong market, West Java, Indonesia. Vet World 2024; 17:179-184. [PMID: 38406353 PMCID: PMC10884567 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.179-184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is becoming a public health concern. Foodborne pathogens are infectious agents that can be transmitted from animals to humans through food and can become resistant due to misuse and overuse of antibiotics, especially in poultry. This study aimed to detect the prevalence of multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli isolated from local and broiler chickens at the Cibinong market, West Java, Indonesia. Materials and Methods A total of 60 cloacal swab samples from 30 local and broiler chickens sold at the Cibinong market in West Java were obtained by random sampling. From these samples, 39 E. coli isolates were obtained after being cultured on eosin methylene blue agar and molecularly identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Six antibiotic disks were used for the antibiotic sensitivity test against E. coli isolates cultured on Mueller-Hinton agar. PCR was performed to detect ESBL genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M). Results A total of 76.47% (39/51) cloacal swab samples were positive for E. coli. All E. coli isolates were sensitive to imipenem (100%), and 38 isolates were sensitive to cefoxitin (FOX) (97.4%). On average, the isolates were sensitive to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMC) (69.2%) and ceftriaxone (CRO) (89.7%). E. coli isolates were occasionally resistant to enrofloxacin (25.64%), followed by gentamicin (20.51%), CRO (10.25%), AMC (7.69%), and FOX (2.56%). The prevalence of E. coli AMR was 10.25% (4/39). All four multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates (blaTEM and blaCTX-M) were confirmed to have the ESBL gene based on PCR. Conclusion The prevalence of multidrug-resistant and ESBL-producing E. coli is still found, proving that there is still inappropriate use of antibiotics and a need for strict supervision of their use, especially around Cibinong market, West Java.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syaiful Rizal
- Research Center for Applied Zoology, Research Organization for Life Science and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia, Soekarno Science and Techno Park, Jl. Raya Jakarta - Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Intan Nurhapsari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Ima Fauziah
- Research Center for Applied Zoology, Research Organization for Life Science and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia, Soekarno Science and Techno Park, Jl. Raya Jakarta - Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Masrukhin Masrukhin
- Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, Research Organization for Life Science and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia, Soekarno Science and Techno Park, Jl. Raya Jakarta - Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Yoga Dwi Jatmiko
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
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10
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Wang W, Cui J, Liu F, Hu Y, Li F, Zhou Z, Deng X, Dong Y, Li S, Xiao J. Genomic characterization of Salmonella isolated from retail chicken and humans with diarrhea in Qingdao, China. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1295769. [PMID: 38164401 PMCID: PMC10757937 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1295769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella, especially antimicrobial resistant strains, remains one of the leading causes of foodborne bacterial disease. Retail chicken is a major source of human salmonellosis. Here, we investigated the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and genomic characteristics of Salmonella in 88 out of 360 (24.4%) chilled chicken carcasses, together with 86 Salmonella from humans with diarrhea in Qingdao, China in 2020. The most common serotypes were Enteritidis and Typhimurium (including the serotype I 4,[5],12:i:-) among Salmonella from both chicken and humans. The sequence types were consistent with serotypes, with ST11, ST34 and ST19 the most dominantly identified. Resistance to nalidixic acid, ampicillin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol were the top four detected in Salmonella from both chicken and human sources. High multi-drug resistance (MDR) and resistance to third-generation cephalosporins resistance were found in Salmonella from chicken (53.4%) and humans (75.6%). In total, 149 of 174 (85.6%) Salmonella isolates could be categorized into 60 known SNP clusters, with 8 SNP clusters detected in both sources. Furthermore, high prevalence of plasmid replicons and prophages were observed among the studied isolates. A total of 79 antimicrobial resistant genes (ARGs) were found, with aac(6')-Iaa, blaTEM-1B, tet(A), aph(6)-Id, aph(3″)-Ib, sul2, floR and qnrS1 being the dominant ARGs. Moreover, nine CTX-M-type ESBL genes and the genes blaNMD-1, mcr-1.1, and mcr-9.1 were detected. The high incidence of MDR Salmonella, especially possessing lots of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in this study posed a severe risk to food safety and public health, highlighting the importance of improving food hygiene measures to reduce the contamination and transmission of this bacterium. Overall, it is essential to continue monitoring the Salmonella serotypes, implement the necessary prevention and strategic control plans, and conduct an epidemiological surveillance system based on whole-genome sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao Institute of Preventive Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Pharmaceutical Department, Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital (Qingdao Hiser Hospital) Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yujie Hu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Fengqin Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Zhemin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Alkene-carbon Fibres-based Technology and Application for Detection of Major Infectious Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Pasteurien College, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiangyu Deng
- Center for Food Safety, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, United States
| | - Yinping Dong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoting Li
- Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
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11
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Endale H, Mathewos M, Abdeta D. Potential Causes of Spread of Antimicrobial Resistance and Preventive Measures in One Health Perspective-A Review. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:7515-7545. [PMID: 38089962 PMCID: PMC10715026 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s428837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance, referring to microorganisms' capability to subsist and proliferate even when there are antimicrobials is a foremost threat to public health globally. The appearance of antimicrobial resistance can be ascribed to anthropological, animal, and environmental factors. Human-related causes include antimicrobial overuse and misuse in medicine, antibiotic-containing cosmetics and biocides utilization, and inadequate sanitation and hygiene in public settings. Prophylactic and therapeutic antimicrobial misuse and overuse, using antimicrobials as feed additives, microbes resistant to antibiotics and resistance genes in animal excreta, and antimicrobial residue found in animal-origin food and excreta are animals related contributive factors for the antibiotic resistance emergence and spread. Environmental factors including naturally existing resistance genes, improper disposal of unused antimicrobials, contamination from waste in public settings, animal farms, and pharmaceutical industries, and the use of agricultural and sanitation chemicals facilitatet its emergence and spread. Wildlife has a plausible role in the antimicrobial resistance spread. Adopting a one-health approach involving using antimicrobials properly in animals and humans, improving sanitation in public spaces and farms, and implementing coordinated governmental regulations is crucial for combating antimicrobial resistance. Collaborative and cooperative involvement of stakeholders in public, veterinary and ecological health sectors is foremost to circumvent the problem effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habtamu Endale
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Mesfin Mathewos
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Wachemo University, Wachemo, Ethiopia
| | - Debela Abdeta
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
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12
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He S, Shrestha P, Henry AD, Legido-Quigley H. Leveraging collaborative research networks against antimicrobial resistance in Asia. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1191036. [PMID: 38146479 PMCID: PMC10749297 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1191036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health security threat requiring research collaboration globally and regionally. Despite repeated calls for international research collaboration in Asia, literature analyzing the nature of collaborative AMR research in Asia has been sparse. This study aims to describe the characteristics of the AMR research network in Asia and investigate the factors influencing collaborative tie formation between organizations. Methods We carried out a mixed-methods study by combining social network analysis (SNA) and in-depth interviews. SNA was first conducted on primary data to describe the characteristics of the AMR research network in Asia. Exponential random graph models (ERGMs) were then used to examine the influence of factors such as organization type, country affluence levels, regional proximity and One Health research on collaborative tie formation among organizations. In-depth interviews were conducted with network participants to provide contextual insights to the quantitative data. Results The results reveal that the research network exhibits a core-periphery structure, where a minority of organizations have a significantly higher number of collaborations with others. The most influential organizations in the network are academic institutions from high-income countries within and outside Asia. The ERGM results demonstrate that organizations prefer to collaborate with others of similar organization types, country-based affluence levels and One Health domains of focus, but also with others across different World Health Organization regions. The qualitative analysis identified three main themes: the challenges that impede collaboration, the central role of academic institutions, and the nature of collaborations across One Health domains, giving rise to important empirical milestones in understanding AMR research in Asia. Conclusion We thus recommend leveraging academic institutions as "integrators" to bridge differences, increasing funds channelled towards research capacity building to alleviate structural barriers to collaboration, streamlining collaborative mechanisms to overcome cumbersome administrative hurdles, and increasing efforts to establish trust between all organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying He
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Tahir Foundation Building, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pami Shrestha
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Tahir Foundation Building, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adam Douglas Henry
- School of Government & Public Policy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Helena Legido-Quigley
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Tahir Foundation Building, Singapore, Singapore
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Malik H, Singh R, Kaur S, Dhaka P, Bedi JS, Gill JPS, Gongal G. Review of antibiotic use and resistance in food animal production in WHO South-East Asia Region. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16 Suppl 1:172-182. [PMID: 37977981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is an emerging global threat to public health. The resistant bacteria in food animals can be transferred to humans through the food chain. Limited information on antimicrobial usage and resistance in food animals is available in Southeast Asia due to inadequate monitoring or surveillance systems. A literature review was conducted on antimicrobial use and resistance in food animal production in Southeast Asia for the period 2011-2020, to assess the scope and extent of antibiotic use and resistance. The countries included in the study were Bangladesh, Bhutan, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, India, Indonesia, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Timor-Leste. The information was categorised by country, production type and findings regarding antibiotic use and resistance. A total of 108 publications were included in the review. Results showed widespread use of critically and highly important antibiotics in livestock, poultry and aquacultured fish and their products. To curb the growing threat of antibiotic resistance, Southeast Asian countries need to strengthen surveillance and regulatory controls of antimicrobial use in food animal production through "One Health" approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Malik
- Centre for One Health, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
| | - Randhir Singh
- Centre for One Health, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
| | - Simranpreet Kaur
- Centre for One Health, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
| | - Pankaj Dhaka
- Centre for One Health, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
| | - Jasbir Singh Bedi
- Centre for One Health, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
| | - J P S Gill
- Directorate of Research, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
| | - Gyanendra Gongal
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia, New Delhi 110002, India.
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14
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Nakagawa A, Sakamoto T, Kanost MR, Tabunoki H. The Development of New Methods to Stimulate the Production of Antimicrobial Peptides in the Larvae of the Black Soldier Fly Hermetia illucens. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15765. [PMID: 37958748 PMCID: PMC10647447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) The global population is projected to reach a staggering 9.8 billion people by the year 2050, leading to major concerns about food security. The necessity to increase livestock production is inevitable. The black soldier fly (BSF) is known for its ability to consume a wide range of organic waste, and BSF larvae have already been used as a partial substitute for fishmeal. In contrast, the use of antibiotics in livestock feed for growth promotion and prophylaxis poses a severe threat to global health owing to antimicrobial resistance. Insect antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have shown the potential to rapidly disrupt target bacterial membranes, making bacterial resistance to AMPs a less likely concern. (2) In this study, we explored various methods for stimulating AMP synthesis in BSF larvae and found that thermal injury effectively induced the production of various AMP types. Additionally, we investigated the activation of innate immune response pathways that lead to AMP production following thermal injury. (3) Interestingly, thermal injury treatment, although not involving bacteria, exhibited a similar response to that observed following Gram-positive bacterial infection in eliciting the expression of AMP genes. (4) Our findings offer support for the industrial use of BSF to enhance livestock production and promote environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuyoshi Nakagawa
- Future Tech Laboratory, Corporate Research & Development, UBE Corporation, 8-1 Goi-Minamikaigan, Chiba 290-0045, Japan;
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Takuma Sakamoto
- Department of Science of Biological Production, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-Cho, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan;
| | - Michael R. Kanost
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, 141 Chalmers Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506-3702, USA;
| | - Hiroko Tabunoki
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Department of Science of Biological Production, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-Cho, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan;
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15
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Bâtie C, Tran Minh H, Thi Vu VA, Thuy Luong D, Thi Pham T, Fortané N, Pham Duc P, Goutard FL. Reducing antimicrobial use in chicken production in Vietnam: Exploring the systemic dimension of change. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290296. [PMID: 37683022 PMCID: PMC10490891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic use in livestock production is one of the drivers of antibiotic resistance and a shift towards better and reduced antibiotic usage is urgently required. In Vietnam, where there are frequent reports of the misuse and overuse of antibiotics, little attention has been paid to farmers who have successfully changed their practices. This qualitative study aims to understand the transition process of Vietnamese chicken farmers toward reduced antibiotic usage. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 18 chicken farmers, 13 drug sellers, and 5 traders using participatory tools and a socio-anthropological approach. We explored the farmers' histories, current and past antibiotic usage, methods used to reduce antibiotic use, and motivations and barriers to changing practices. Through the thematic analysis of the farmers' transcripts, we identified technical, economic, and social factors that influence change. Out of eighteen farmers, we identified ten farmers who had already reduced antibiotic usage. The main motivations included producing quality chickens (tasty and safe) while reducing farm expenditures. Barriers were related to poor biosecurity in the area, market failures, and the farmers' lack of knowledge. Innovation led to overcome these obstacles included the local development of handmade probiotics and the organization of farmer cooperatives to overcome economic difficulties and guarantee product outlets. Knowledge was increased by workshops organized at the communal level and the influence of competent veterinarians in the area. We showed that the transition process was influenced by several components of the system rather than by any individual alone. Our study demonstrated that local initiatives to reduce antibiotic use in Vietnamese chicken production do exist. As changes depend on the system in which stakeholders are embedded, systemic lock-ins must be removed to allow practices to change. The promotion of locally-developed solutions should be further encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Bâtie
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Hang Tran Minh
- Institute of Anthropology, Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van Anh Thi Vu
- USAID Learns, United States Agency for International Development/Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duong Thuy Luong
- Institute of Regional Sustainable Development, Vietnam Academy of Social, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Trang Thi Pham
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
| | - Nicolas Fortané
- UMR IRISSO, CNRS, INRAE, Université Paris Dauphine, PSL, Paris, France
| | - Phuc Pham Duc
- Center for Public Health and Ecosystem Research (CENPHER), Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Institute of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Flavie Luce Goutard
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- ASTRE, CIRAD, Hanoi, Vietnam
- National Institute of Animal Science, Hanoi, Vietnam
- National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
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16
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Anyanwu MU, Jaja IF, Okpala COR, Njoga EO, Okafor NA, Oguttu JW. Mobile Colistin Resistance ( mcr) Gene-Containing Organisms in Poultry Sector in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Epidemiology, Characteristics, and One Health Control Strategies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1117. [PMID: 37508213 PMCID: PMC10376608 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes (mcr-1 to mcr-10) are plasmid-encoded genes that threaten the clinical utility of colistin (COL), one of the highest-priority critically important antibiotics (HP-CIAs) used to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant bacteria in humans and animals. For more than six decades, COL has been used largely unregulated in the poultry sector in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and this has led to the development/spread of mcr gene-containing bacteria (MGCB). The prevalence rates of mcr-positive organisms from the poultry sector in LMICs between January 1970 and May 2023 range between 0.51% and 58.8%. Through horizontal gene transfer, conjugative plasmids possessing insertion sequences (ISs) (especially ISApl1), transposons (predominantly Tn6330), and integrons have enhanced the spread of mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, mcr-5, mcr-7, mcr-8, mcr-9, and mcr-10 in the poultry sector in LMICs. These genes are harboured by Escherichia, Klebsiella, Proteus, Salmonella, Cronobacter, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Shigella, Providencia, Aeromonas, Raoultella, Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter species, belonging to diverse clones. The mcr-1, mcr-3, and mcr-10 genes have also been integrated into the chromosomes of these bacteria and are mobilizable by ISs and integrative conjugative elements. These bacteria often coexpress mcr with virulence genes and other genes conferring resistance to HP-CIAs, such as extended-spectrum cephalosporins, carbapenems, fosfomycin, fluoroquinolone, and tigecycline. The transmission routes and dynamics of MGCB from the poultry sector in LMICs within the One Health triad include contact with poultry birds, feed/drinking water, manure, poultry farmers and their farm workwear, farming equipment, the consumption and sale of contaminated poultry meat/egg and associated products, etc. The use of pre/probiotics and other non-antimicrobial alternatives in the raising of birds, the judicious use of non-critically important antibiotics for therapy, the banning of nontherapeutic COL use, improved vaccination, biosecurity, hand hygiene and sanitization, the development of rapid diagnostic test kits, and the intensified surveillance of mcr genes, among others, could effectively control the spread of MGCB from the poultry sector in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ishmael Festus Jaja
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Charles Odilichukwu R Okpala
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
- UGA Cooperative Extension, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Emmanuel Okechukwu Njoga
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 400001, Nigeria
| | | | - James Wabwire Oguttu
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, Florida Campus, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa
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17
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Nguyen QH, Le TTH, Nguyen ST, Nguyen KOT, Quyen DV, Hayer J, Bañuls AL, Tran TTT. Large-scale analysis of putative plasmids in clinical multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from Vietnamese patients. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1094119. [PMID: 37323902 PMCID: PMC10265513 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1094119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the past decades, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing and carbapenem-resistant (CR) Escherichia coli isolates have been detected in Vietnamese hospitals. The transfer of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes carried on plasmids is mainly responsible for the emergence of multidrug-resistant E. coli strains and the spread of AMR genes through horizontal gene transfer. Therefore, it is important to thoroughly study the characteristics of AMR gene-harboring plasmids in clinical multidrug-resistant bacterial isolates. Methods The profiles of plasmid assemblies were determined by analyzing previously published whole-genome sequencing data of 751 multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from Vietnamese hospitals in order to identify the risk of AMR gene horizontal transfer and dissemination. Results The number of putative plasmids in isolates was independent of the sequencing coverage. These putative plasmids originated from various bacterial species, but mostly from the Escherichia genus, particularly E. coli species. Many different AMR genes were detected in plasmid contigs of the studied isolates, and their number was higher in CR isolates than in ESBL-producing isolates. Similarly, the blaKPC-2, blaNDM-5, blaOXA-1, blaOXA-48, and blaOXA-181 β-lactamase genes, associated with resistance to carbapenems, were more frequent in CR strains. Sequence similarity network and genome annotation analyses revealed high conservation of the β-lactamase gene clusters in plasmid contigs that carried the same AMR genes. Discussion Our study provides evidence of horizontal gene transfer in multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates via conjugative plasmids, thus rapidly accelerating the emergence of resistant bacteria. Besides reducing antibiotic misuse, prevention of plasmid transmission also is essential to limit antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Huy Nguyen
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- LMI DRISA, IRD-USTH, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Thu Hang Le
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- LMI DRISA, IRD-USTH, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Son Thai Nguyen
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- LMI DRISA, IRD-USTH, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Kieu-Oanh Thi Nguyen
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- LMI DRISA, IRD-USTH, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dong Van Quyen
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Juliette Hayer
- LMI DRISA, IRD-USTH, Hanoi, Vietnam
- UMR MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier-IRD-CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Laure Bañuls
- LMI DRISA, IRD-USTH, Hanoi, Vietnam
- UMR MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier-IRD-CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Tam Thi Thanh Tran
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- LMI DRISA, IRD-USTH, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Muthanna A, Desa MNM, Alsalemi W, Liyana Abd Aziz NA, Dzaraly ND, Baharin NHZ, Aziz NA, Ali MM, Nor LAM, Ismail Z, Ahmad NH, Shan CH, Azmai MNA, Amin-Nordin S. Phenotypic and genotypic comparison of pathogenic group B Streptococcus isolated from human and cultured tilapia (Oreochromis species) in Malaysia. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 97:101993. [PMID: 37167694 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.101993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a major cause of several infectious diseases in humans and fish. This study was conducted to compare human and fish-derived GBS in terms of their antimicrobial susceptibility, serotype, virulence and pili genes and sequence type (ST), and to determine whether there is a potential linkage of zoonotic transmission in Malaysia. GBS isolated from humans and fish had similar phenotypic characteristics and differed in virulence gene profile, antimicrobial susceptibility, serotype and sequence type. Fish GBS isolates had lower genetic diversity and higher antibiotic susceptibility than human isolates. We report a rare detection of the potentially fish-adapted ST283 in human GBS isolates. Both human and fish ST283 shared several phenotypic and genotypic features, including virulence and pilus genes and antimicrobial susceptibility, illustrating the value of monitoring GBS within the One Health scope. In this study, two human GBS ST283 isolates belonging to the variant common in fish hosts were identified, raising awareness of the zoonotic potential between the different species in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- AbdulRahman Muthanna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Nasir Mohd Desa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wardah Alsalemi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Aimi Liyana Abd Aziz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Diana Dzaraly
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Hana Zainal Baharin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Afiza Aziz
- Department of Pathology, Sultanah Aminah Hospital, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Marlindawati Mohd Ali
- Department of Pathology, Tuanku Ja'afar Seremban Hospital, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | | | - Zalina Ismail
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Hanani Ahmad
- Department of Pathology, Sungai Buloh Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chua Hui Shan
- Department of Pathology, Melaka General Hospital, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Noor Amal Azmai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Syafinaz Amin-Nordin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Medical Microbiology, Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Hospital, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Persiaran MARDI - UPM, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Carrique-Mas JJ, Hue LT, Dung LT, Thuy NT, Padungtod P. Restrictions on antimicrobial use in aquaculture and livestock, Viet Nam. Bull World Health Organ 2023; 101:223-225. [PMID: 36865604 PMCID: PMC9948497 DOI: 10.2471/blt.22.289187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Carrique-Mas
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases, Room 402, B3 Building, Van Phuc Diplomatic Compound 298, Kim Ma, 100000Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Le Thi Hue
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Le Thi Dung
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases, Room 402, B3 Building, Van Phuc Diplomatic Compound 298, Kim Ma, 100000Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Thu Thuy
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Pawin Padungtod
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases, Room 402, B3 Building, Van Phuc Diplomatic Compound 298, Kim Ma, 100000Hanoi, Viet Nam
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20
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Jambwa P, Nkadimeng SM, Mudimba TN, Matope G, McGaw LJ. Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity of plant species used in traditional poultry ethnomedicine in Zimbabwe: A first step to developing alternatives to antibiotic poultry feed additives. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 300:115687. [PMID: 36084819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Global interest in phytogenic feed additives as alternatives to antibiotics in feed has been spurred by the banning of antibiotic growth promoters by several countries. Suitable plant extracts for development of phytogenic feed additives should have therapeutic value and should also be safe. AIM OF STUDY The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-lipoxygenase activities as well as cytotoxicity of selected plant species used in poultry ethnomedicine in Zimbabwe. METHODS Antibacterial activity was determined against three ATCC strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enteritidis) and two clinical strains isolated from chickens (Escherichia coli and Salmonella Gallinarum) using a two-fold serial microdilution assay. Qualitative antibacterial bioautography was also carried out using the ATCC strains. Antioxidant activities of crude acetone and methanol extracts were determined using free radical scavenging assays whilst anti-lipoxygenase activity was evaluated using a ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange (FOX) assay. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using a tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay (MTT assay) on Vero monkey kidney cells. RESULTS Erythrina abyssinica had the best antibacterial activity against both ATCC strains and clinical strains with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.02 to 0.156 mg/ml. Aloe greatheadii, Adenia gummifera (leaves), Senna singueana and Aloe chabaudii had moderate activity against the poultry pathogens. Bioautography showed that all ten plant species have antibacterial activity against the tested microorganisms with E. abyssinica and S. singueana having prominent bands of inhibition against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The acetone extract of S. singueana and the methanol extract of Euphorbia matabelensis had the most powerful antioxidant activities with mean IC50 values of 1.43 μg/ml and 1.31 μg/ml respectively in the ABTS assay which were comparable with those of the positive controls (ascorbic acid and trolox). Bobgunnia madagascariensis, A. chabaudii, E. abyssinica and Tridactyle bicaudata extracts had reasonable antioxidant activity. The S. singueana extract had the most potent anti-lipoxygenase activity with a mean IC50 value of 1.72 μg/ml. The cytotoxicity results showed that only the acetone extracts of A. greatheadii and S. singueana were relatively safe at concentrations that were active against the tested microorganisms (selective index >1). Regarding anti-lipoxygenase activity, extracts of B. madagascariensis, S. singueana, T. bicaudata and E. matabelensis were more active than toxic (selective index >5) indicating anti-inflammatory potential. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that S. singueana had a cocktail of therapeutic activity and supports further investigation of this plant species for development of phytogenic poultry feed additives. Other plant species with noteworthy biological activities include B. madagascariensis, E. abyssinica, A. greatheadii, T. bicaudata and E. matabelensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jambwa
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box MP167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe.
| | - S M Nkadimeng
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa.
| | - T N Mudimba
- Department of Animal Production and Veterinary Medicine, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box MP167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe.
| | - G Matope
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box MP167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe.
| | - L J McGaw
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa.
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21
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Diversity and Dissemination of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Genotypes in Southeast Asia. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7120438. [PMID: 36548693 PMCID: PMC9781663 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7120438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a successful pathogen that has achieved global dissemination, with high prevalence rates in Southeast Asia. A huge diversity of clones has been reported in this region, with MRSA ST239 being the most successful lineage. Nonetheless, description of MRSA genotypes circulating in the Southeast Asia region has, until now, remained poorly compiled. In this review, we aim to provide a better understanding of the molecular epidemiology and distribution of MRSA clones in 11 Southeast Asian countries: Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR), Myanmar, Philippines, Indonesia, Brunei Darussalam, and Timor-Leste. Notably, while archaic multidrug-resistant hospital-associated (HA) MRSAs, such as the ST239-III and ST241-III, were prominent in the region during earlier observations, these were then largely replaced by the more antibiotic-susceptible community-acquired (CA) MRSAs, such as ST22-IV and PVL-positive ST30-IV, in recent years after the turn of the century. Nonetheless, reports of livestock-associated (LA) MRSAs remain few in the region.
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22
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Malijan GM, Howteerakul N, Ali N, Siri S, Kengganpanich M, Nascimento R, Booton RD, Turner KM, Cooper BS, Meeyai A. A scoping review of antibiotic use practices and drivers of inappropriate antibiotic use in animal farms in WHO Southeast Asia region. One Health 2022; 15:100412. [PMID: 36277092 PMCID: PMC9582544 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic use (ABU) plays an important role in the proliferation of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Global antimicrobial consumption in food production is projected to rise by 67% from 2010 to 2030, but available estimates are limited by the scarcity of ABU data and absence of global surveillance systems. The WHO South-East Asia (WHO SEA) region is at high risk of emergence of AMR, likely driven by intensifying farm operations and worsening ABU hotspots. However, little is known about farm-level ABU practices in the region. To summarize emerging evidence and research gaps, we conducted a scoping review of ABU practices following the Arksey and O'Malley methodological framework. We included studies published between 2010 and 2021 on farm-level ABU/AMR in the 11 WHO SEA member states, and databases were last searched on 31 October 2021. Our search strategy identified 184 unique articles, and 25 publications underwent full-text eligibility assessment. Seventeen studies, reported in 18 publications, were included in the scoping review. We found heterogeneity in the categorizations, definitions, and ABU characterization methods used across studies and farm types. Most studies involved poultry, pig, and cattle farms, and only one study examined aquaculture. Most studies evaluated ABU prevalence by asking respondents about the presence or absence of ABU in the farm. Only two studies quantified antibiotic consumption, and sampling bias and lack of standardized data collection methods were identified as key limitations. Emerging evidence that farm workers had difficulty differentiating antibiotics from other substances contributed to the uncertainty about the reliability of self-reported data without other validation techniques. ABU for growth promotion and treatment were prevalent. We found a large overlap in the critically important antibiotics used in farm animals and humans. The ease of access to antibiotics compounded by the difficulties in accessing quality veterinary care and preventive services likely drive inappropriate ABU in complex ways. The methods used to characterize antibiotic use in farm animals are heterogenous. Studies characterizing antibiotic use are limited in number and validity. The antibiotics used in farm animals are critically important to human medicine. Easy antibiotic access and limited veterinary care likely drive inappropriate use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greco Mark Malijan
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom
| | - Nopporn Howteerakul
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Ratchawithi Rd., Ratchathewi District, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Natasha Ali
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom
| | - Sukhontha Siri
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Ratchawithi Rd., Ratchathewi District, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Mondha Kengganpanich
- Department of Health Education and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Ratchawithi Rd., Ratchathewi District, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Roger Nascimento
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom
| | - Ross D. Booton
- UK Health Security Agency, 133-155 Waterloo Road, London, SE1 8UG, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ben S. Cooper
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Aronrag Meeyai
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Ratchawithi Rd., Ratchathewi District, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Corresponding author at: Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom.
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23
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Si R, Yao Y, Liu X, Lu Q, Liu M. Role of risk perception and government regulation in reducing over-utilization of veterinary antibiotics: Evidence from hog farmers of China. One Health 2022; 15:100448. [DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Phu DH, Wongtawan T, Truong DB, Van Cuong N, Carrique-Mas J, Thomrongsuwannakij T. A systematic review and meta-analysis of integrated studies on antimicrobial resistance in Vietnam, with a focus on Enterobacteriaceae, from a One Health perspective. One Health 2022; 15:100465. [PMID: 36561710 PMCID: PMC9767812 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vietnam is a low- and middle-income country (LMIC), a primary food producer, and an antimicrobial resistance (AMR) hotspot. AMR is recognized as a One Health challenge since it may transfer between humans, animals and the environment. This study aimed to apply systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the phenotypic profiles and correlations of antimicrobial-resistant Enterobacteriaceae across three compartments: humans, animals and the environment in Vietnam. A total of 89 articles found in PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases were retrieved for qualitative synthesis. E. coli and non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) were the most common bacterial species in studies of all compartments (60/89 studies). Among antimicrobials classified as critically important, the resistance levels were observed to be highest to quinolones, 3rd generation of cephalosporins, penicillins, and aminoglycosides. Of 89 studies, 55 articles reported the resistance prevalence of E. coli and NTS in healthy humans, animals and the environment against ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, ampicillin, gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, chloramphenicol was used for meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence was found highest in E. coli against ampicillin 84.0% (95% CI 73.0-91.0%) and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim 66.0% (95% CI 56.0-75.0%) while in NTS they were 34.0% (95% CI 24.0-46.0%), 33.0% (95% CI 25.0-42.0%), respectively. There were no significant differences in the pooled prevalence of E. coli and NTS to these antimicrobials across healthy humans, animals and the environment, except for ceftazidime-resistant E. coli (χ2 = 8.29, p = 0.02), chloramphenicol-resistant E.coli (χ2 = 9.65, p < 0.01) and chloramphenicol-resistant NTS (χ2 = 7.51, p = 0.02). Findings from the multiple meta-regression models indicated that the AMR levels in E. coli (β = 1.887, p < 0.001) and the North (β = 0.798, p = 0.047) had a higher fraction of AMR than NTS and other regions of Vietnam. The outcomes of this study play an important role as the baseline information for further investigation and follow-up intervention strategies to tackle AMR in Vietnam, and more generally, can be adapted to other LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doan Hoang Phu
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand,College of Graduate Studies, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand,Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Viet Nam
| | - Tuempong Wongtawan
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand,Centre for One Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand,Centre of Excellence Research for Melioidosis and other Microorganism, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Dinh Bao Truong
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Van Cuong
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Viet Nam,Ausvet PTY LTD, Bruce ACT 2617, Canberra, Australia
| | - Juan Carrique-Mas
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Ha Noi 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Thotsapol Thomrongsuwannakij
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand,Centre for One Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand,Corresponding author at: Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand.
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25
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Impact of Freeze Storage on the Estimation of Phenotypic Antimicrobial Resistance Prevalence in Escherichia coli Collected from Faecal Samples from Healthy Humans and Chickens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11111643. [DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies on phenotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of bacteria from healthy populations are conducted on freeze-stored samples. However, the impact of this practice on phenotypic AMR is not known. We investigated the prevalence of phenotypic AMR in Escherichia coli from chicken (n = 10) and human (n = 11) faecal samples collected from healthy subjects, subject to freeze storage (−20 °C and −80 °C) for 1, 2, 3, and 6 months. We compared counts of E. coli and prevalence of phenotypic resistance against five antimicrobials commonly used in chicken farming (ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, doxycycline, gentamicin, and florfenicol) with samples processed within 24 h of collection. Prevalence of phenotypic AMR was estimated by performing differential counts on agar media with and without antimicrobials. At −20 °C, there was a considerable reduction in E. coli counts over time, and this reduction was greater for human samples (−0.630 log10 units per 100 days) compared with chicken samples (−0.178 log10 units per 100 days). For most antimicrobials, AMR prevalence estimates decreased in freeze-stored samples both in humans and chickens over time. Based on these results, we conclude that results on the prevalence of phenotypic AMR on samples from freeze-stored samples are unreliable, and only fresh samples should be used in such studies.
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Wongtawan T, Narinthorn R, Sontigun N, Sansamur C, Petcharat Y, Fungwithaya P, Saengsawang P, Blackall PJ, Thomrongsuwannakij T. Characterizing the antimicrobial resistance profile of Escherichia coli found in sport animals (fighting cocks, fighting bulls, and sport horses) and soils from their environment. Vet World 2022; 15:2673-2680. [PMID: 36590125 PMCID: PMC9798048 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2673-2680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant threat to global health and development. Inappropriate antimicrobial drug use in animals cause AMR, and most studies focus on livestock because of the widespread use of antimicrobial medicines. There is a lack of studies on sports animals and AMR issues. This study aimed to characterize the AMR profile of E. coli found in sports animals (fighting cocks, fighting bulls, and sport horses) and soils from their environment. Materials and Methods Bacterial isolation and identification were conducted to identify E. coli isolates recovered from fresh feces that were obtained from fighting cocks (n = 32), fighting bulls (n = 57), sport horses (n = 33), and soils from those farms (n = 32) at Nakhon Si Thammarat. Antimicrobial resistance was determined using 15 tested antimicrobial agents - ampicillin (AM), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cephalexin (CN), cefalotin (CF), cefoperazone, ceftiofur, cefquinome, gentamicin, neomycin, flumequine (UB), enrofloxacin, marbofloaxacin, polymyxin B, tetracycline (TE), and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SXT). The virulence genes, AMR genes, and phylogenetic groups were also examined. Five virulence genes, iroN, ompT, hlyF, iss, and iutA, are genes determining the phylogenetic groups, chuA, cjaA, and tspE4C2, were identified. The AMR genes selected for detection were blaTEM and blaSHV for the beta-lactamase group; cml-A for phenicol; dhfrV for trimethoprim; sul1 and sul2 for sulfonamides; tetA, tetB, and tetC for TEs; and qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS for quinolones. Results The E. coli derived from sports animals were resistant at different levels to AM, CF, CN, UB, SXT, and TE. The AMR rate was overall higher in fighting cocks than in other animals, with significantly higher resistance to AM, CF, and TE. The highest AMR was found in fighting cocks, where 62.5% of their isolates were AM resistant. In addition, multidrug resistance was highest in fighting cocks (12.5%). One extended-spectrum beta-lactamase E. coli isolate was found in the soils, but none from animal feces. The phylogenetic analysis showed that most E. coli isolates were in Group B1. The E. coli isolates from fighting cocks had more virulence and AMR genes than other sources. The AMR genes found in 20% or more of the isolates were blaTEM (71.9%), qnrB (25%), qnrS (46.9%), and tetA (56.25%), whereas in the E. coli isolates collected from soils, the only resistance genes found in 20% or more of the isolates were blaTEM (30.8%), and tetA (23.1%). Conclusion Escherichia coli from fighting cock feces had significantly higher resistance to AM, CF, and TE than isolates from other sporting animals. Hence, fighting cocks may be a reservoir of resistant E. coli that can transfer to the environment and other animals and humans in direct contact with the birds or the birds' habitat. Programs for antimicrobial monitoring should also target sports animals and their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuempong Wongtawan
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand,Centre for One Health, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand,Excellence Centre for Melioidosis and other microorganisms, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Ruethai Narinthorn
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand,Centre for One Health, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Narin Sontigun
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand,Centre for One Health, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand,Excellence Centre for Melioidosis and other microorganisms, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Chalutwan Sansamur
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand,Centre for One Health, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Yotsapat Petcharat
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Punpichaya Fungwithaya
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand,Centre for One Health, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand,Excellence Centre for Melioidosis and other microorganisms, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Phirabhat Saengsawang
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand,Centre for One Health, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Patrick J. Blackall
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4067, Australia
| | - Thotsapol Thomrongsuwannakij
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand,Centre for One Health, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand,Corresponding author: Thotsapol Thomrongsuwannakij, e-mail: Co-authors: TW: , RN: , NS: , CS: , YP: , PF: , PS: , PJB:
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27
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Poupaud M, Goutard FL, Phouthana V, Muñoz Viera F, Caro D, Patriarchi A, Paul MC. Different kettles of fish: Varying patterns of antibiotic use on pig, chicken and fish farms in Lao PDR and implications for antimicrobial resistance strategies. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:3940-3951. [PMID: 36401809 PMCID: PMC10108286 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The rapid intensification of the livestock sector in Southeast Asia has been found to be associated with an expanding use of antibiotics (ABU) and the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in both humans and livestock. This study aimed to explore the views and practices of commercial pig, poultry and fish farmers regarding antibiotics in Lao People's Democratic Republic, where data on antibiotic use and AMR remain scarce. A multistage cluster sampling method, based on the random selection of villages in two provinces of Vientiane, was used. A total of 364 farmers, corresponding to 454 farm units, were surveyed using a questionnaire and farm visits. This study found a widespread use of antibiotics (261 out of the 454 farm units used antibiotics). The predominance of antibiotics considered critically important antibiotics for human medicine was of great concern. Results from a logistic regression model showed that antibiotics were found less frequently in fish farm units compared to pig and poultry farm units, and more frequently in specialized farms than in livestock-fish farms. Multiple factor analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis revealed three profiles of farmers, each with distinct patterns on knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding ABU and AMR. Cluster 1 held a positive attitude regarding preventive measures and information about antibiotics. In cluster 2, there was a view that antibiotics should be used for prophylactic treatment such as disease prevention. Cluster 3 was characterized by farmers with weak knowledge who were unfamiliar with antibiotics and uncertain about details concerning antibiotic use. This cluster was associated with a significantly lower use of antibiotics than the two other clusters in the regression model. The results of this study may help the Laotian government to adapt strategies to control AMR by focusing on the use of critical antibiotics and prophylactic treatments and by tailoring measures to farmers' profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariline Poupaud
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Flavie Luce Goutard
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Domingo Caro
- Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Alessandro Patriarchi
- Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Bangkok, Thailand
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28
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Tang B, Elbediwi M, Nambiar RB, Yang H, Lin J, Yue M. Genomic Characterization of Antimicrobial-Resistant Salmonella enterica in Duck, Chicken, and Pig Farms and Retail Markets in Eastern China. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0125722. [PMID: 36047803 PMCID: PMC9603869 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01257-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella enterica poses a significant public health concern worldwide. However, the dissemination of Salmonella enterica among food animals in eastern China has not been fully addressed. Here, we demonstrated the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns and the whole-genome characterization of 105 S. enterica isolates from 1,480 fecal samples and anal swabs collected from 22 different farms (chickens, ducks, and pigs) and two live animal markets located in Zhejiang and Fujian Provinces in eastern China in 2019. The prevalence of isolates in duck farms (19.17%, 23/120) was statistically significantly higher (P < 0.001) than that in chicken farms (6.61%, 37/523) and pig farms (3.50%, 7/200). Among these isolates, 75.26% (79/105) were multidrug resistant, with the highest rates of resistance to tetracycline (76.20%) and ampicillin (67.62%) and the lowest resistance rate to meropenem (0.00%). The serotypes were consistent with sequence types and were closely related to the sampling animal species and sites. S. enterica serotype Kentucky (20.95%, 22/105) was the most frequent serotype and harbored more AMR patterns and genes than others. Furthermore, IncFII(S) and IncHI2 were the most prevalent replicons. A total of 44 acquired AMR genes were found. Among those genes, aac(6')-Iaa, blaTEM-1B, floR, dfrA14, fosA7, mph(A), qnrS1, sul1, tet(A), and ARR-3 were the dominant AMR genes mediating the AMR toward aminoglycosides, β-lactams, phenicol, trimethoprim, fosfomycin, macrolide, quinolone, sulfonamides, tetracycline, and rifampin, respectively. The consistency of acquired AMR genes with AMR phenotypes for ampicillin, ceftiofur, ceftazidime, meropenem, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and tetracycline was >90%. Together, our study highlights the application of whole-genome sequencing to assess veterinary public health threats. IMPORTANCE Public health is a significant concern in China, and the foodborne pathogen Salmonella, which is spread via the animal-borne food chain, plays an important role in the overall disease burden in China annually. The development of advanced sequencing technologies has introduced a new way of understanding emerging pathogens. However, the routine surveillance application of this method in China remains in its infancy. Here, we applied a pool of all isolates from the prevalence data in Zhejiang and Fujian for whole-genome sequencing and combined these data with the cutting-edge bioinformatic analysis pipeline for one-step determination of the complete genetic makeup for all 105 genomes. The illustrated method could provide a cost-effective approach, without labor-intensive laboratory characterization, for predicting serotypes, genotypes, plasmid types, antimicrobial resistance genes, and virulence genes, and thus would provide essential knowledge for emerging pathogens. Our findings and perspectives are essential for delivering updated knowledge on foodborne pathogens in an understudied region in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mohammed Elbediwi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Reshma B. Nambiar
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Yue
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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29
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Eiamsam-ang T, Tadee P, Pascoe B, Patchanee P. Genome-based analysis of infrequent Salmonella serotypes through the Thai pork production chain. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:968695. [PMID: 36090074 PMCID: PMC9453559 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.968695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is a prevalent zoonotic foodborne pathogen. Swine and pork are implicated as important sources of salmonellosis in humans. In Chiang Mai and Lamphun Provinces in northern Thailand, there has been a high prevalence of Salmonella persistence for over a decade. Infection is usually with dominant S. enterica serotypes, including serotypes Rissen and 1,4,[5],12:i:-. However, other serotypes also contribute to disease but are less well characterized. The whole genome sequencing data of 43 S. enterica serotypes isolated from pork production chain through 2011-2014, were used to evaluate genetic diversity and ascertain the possible source of Salmonella contamination based on Core Genome Multilocus Sequence Typing (cgMLST) approach. The Salmonella serotypes recovered from farms and slaughterhouses were re-circulating by swine environmental contamination. Conversely, the Salmonella contamination in the retail market represents cross-contamination from multiple sources, including contaminated foodstuffs. Salmonella contamination in the pork production chain has the competency for host cell adhesion, host cell invasion, and intracellular survival, which is enough for the pathogenicity of salmonellosis. In addition, all of these isolates were multi-drug resistant Salmonella, which contained at least 10 antimicrobial resistance genes. This result indicated that these S. enterica serotypes also pose a significant public health risk. Our findings support the need for appropriate surveillance of food-animal products going to market to reduce public exposure to highly pathogenic, multi-drug resistant Salmonella. Acquiring information would motivate all stakeholders to reinforce sanitation standards throughout the pork production chain in order to eradicate Salmonella contamination and reduce the risk of salmonellosis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanaporn Eiamsam-ang
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pakpoom Tadee
- Integrative Research Center for Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Ben Pascoe
- Integrative Research Center for Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- The Milner Center for Evolution, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Prapas Patchanee
- Integrative Research Center for Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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30
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On-Farm Practices Associated with Multi-Drug-Resistant Escherichia coli and Vibrio parahaemolyticus Derived from Cultured Fish. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081520. [PMID: 36013938 PMCID: PMC9414622 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture activities have been implicated as responsible for the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), leading to broad dissemination and transference of antibiotic resistance to pathogens that affect humans and animals. The current study investigates the on-farm practices and environmental risk factors that can potentially drive the development and emergence of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the aquaculture system. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 19 red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) and 13 Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer, Bloch 1970) farms on the west coast of peninsular Malaysia. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire pertaining to farm demography, on-farm management practices and environmental characteristics. Multi-drug-resistant E. coli (n = 249) and V. parahaemolyticus (n = 162) isolates were analyzed using multi-level binary logistic regression to identify important drivers for the occurrence and proliferation of the MDR bacteria. On-farm practices such as manuring the pond (OR = 4.5; 95% CI = 1.21–16.57) were significantly associated with the occurrence of MDR E. coli, while earthen ponds (OR = 8.2; 95% CI = 1.47–45.2) and human activity adjacent to the farm (OR = 4.6; 95% CI = 0.75–27.98) were associated with an increased likelihood of MDR V. parahaemolyticus. Considering the paucity of information on the drivers of AMR in the aquaculture production in this region, these findings indicate the targeted interventions implementable at aquaculture farms to efficiently abate the risk of MDR amongst bacteria that affect fish that are of public health importance.
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31
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Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae from the Poultry Farm Environment. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0269421. [PMID: 35467407 PMCID: PMC9241921 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02694-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The indiscriminate use and overuse of various antibiotics have caused the rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in poultry products and the surrounding environment, giving rise to global public health issues. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) found in the environment of poultry farms and to evaluate the risk of contamination in these farms based on multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index values. Soil and effluent samples were collected from 13 poultry farms. The VITEK 2 system was used for bacterial identification and susceptibility testing of the isolates. The identified Gram-negative isolates were Acinetobacter spp., Aeromonas spp., Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus spp., Providencia spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Sphingomonas paucimobilis. The results showed that Enterobacter spp., Aeromonas spp., and Providencia spp. exhibited the highest MDR rates and MAR indices; 14% of K. pneumoniae isolates (3/21 isolates) were resistant to 13 antibiotics and found to be extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria. As for the tested antibiotics, 96.6% of the isolates (28/29 isolates) demonstrated resistance to ampicillin, followed by ampicillin-sulbactam (55.9% [33/59 isolates]) and cefazolin (54.8% [57/104 isolates]). The high percentage of MDR bacteria and the presence of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae strains suggested the presence of MDR genes from the poultry farm environment, which poses an alarming threat to the effectiveness of the available antibiotic medicines to treat infectious diseases. Therefore, the use of antibiotics should be regulated and controlled, while studies addressing One Health issues are vital for combating and preventing the development and spread of ARB. IMPORTANCE The occurrence and spread of ARB due to high demand in poultry industries are of great public health concern. The widespread emergence of antibiotic resistance, particularly MDR among bacterial pathogens, poses challenges in clinical treatment. Some pathogens are now virtually untreatable with current antibiotics. However, those pathogens were rarely explored in the environment. In alignment with the concept of One Health, it is imperative to study the rate of resistance in the environment, because this domain plays an important role in the dissemination of bacteria to humans, animals, and other environmental areas. Reliable data on the prevalence of MDR bacteria are crucial to curb the spread of bacterial pathogens that can cause antimicrobial-resistant infections.
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Tsekouras N, Athanasakopoulou Z, Diezel C, Kostoulas P, Braun SD, Sofia M, Monecke S, Ehricht R, Chatzopoulos DC, Gary D, Krähmer D, Spyrou V, Christodoulopoulos G, Billinis C, Papatsiros VG. Cross-Sectional Survey of Antibiotic Resistance in Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Pigs in Greece. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:1560. [PMID: 35739896 PMCID: PMC9219512 DOI: 10.3390/ani12121560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing (ESBL) bacteria in swine. Thus, 214 fecal samples were collected from suckling and weaned piglets from 34 farms in Greece (out of an overall population of about 14,300 sows). A subset of 78 (36.5%) ESBL producers were identified as E. coli (69/78, 88.5%), K. pneumoniae spp. pneumoniae (3.8%), P. mirabilis (5.1%), E. cloacae complex (1.3%) and S. enterica spp. diarizonae (1.3%). Resistance to at least one class of non-β-lactam antibiotics was detected in 78 isolates. Among the E. coli strains, resistance was identified with regard to aminoglycosides (n = 31), fluoroquinolones (n = 49), tetracycline (n = 26) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (n = 46). Of the three K. pneumoniae spp. pneumoniae, two displayed resistances to aminoglycosides and all were resistant to fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. As for the four P. mirabilis isolates, three had a resistant phenotype for aminoglycosides and all were resistant to imipenem, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Molecular characterization of the isolates revealed the presence of CTX-M, SHV and TEM genes, as well as of genes conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, macrolides and colistin. High levels of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) were demonstrated in Greek swine herds posing a concern for the efficacy of treatments at the farm level as well as for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Tsekouras
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (N.T.); (G.C.)
| | - Zoi Athanasakopoulou
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (Z.A.); (M.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Celia Diezel
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (C.D.); (S.D.B.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Polychronis Kostoulas
- Faculty of Public and One Health, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (P.K.); (D.C.C.)
| | - Sascha D. Braun
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (C.D.); (S.D.B.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Marina Sofia
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (Z.A.); (M.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Stefan Monecke
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (C.D.); (S.D.B.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (C.D.); (S.D.B.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Dimitris C. Chatzopoulos
- Faculty of Public and One Health, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (P.K.); (D.C.C.)
| | - Dominik Gary
- INTER-ARRAY by fzmb GmbH, 99947 Bad Langensalza, Germany; (D.G.); (D.K.)
| | - Domenique Krähmer
- INTER-ARRAY by fzmb GmbH, 99947 Bad Langensalza, Germany; (D.G.); (D.K.)
| | - Vassiliki Spyrou
- Faculty of Animal Science, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Georgios Christodoulopoulos
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (N.T.); (G.C.)
| | - Charalambos Billinis
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (Z.A.); (M.S.); (C.B.)
- Faculty of Public and One Health, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (P.K.); (D.C.C.)
| | - Vasileios G. Papatsiros
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (N.T.); (G.C.)
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Mouiche MMM, Wouembe FDK, Mpouam SE, Moffo F, Djuntu M, Toukam CMW, Kameni JMF, Okah-Nnane NH, Awah-Ndukum J. Cross-Sectional Survey of Prophylactic and Metaphylactic Antimicrobial Use in Layer Poultry Farming in Cameroon: A Quantitative Pilot Study. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:646484. [PMID: 35518638 PMCID: PMC9063002 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.646484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An evaluation of the patterns of antimicrobial use in livestock can help understand the increasing level of antimicrobial resistance worldwide. This study aimed at evaluating antimicrobial usage in modern layer poultry farms in the West Region of Cameroon. In this light, 70 layer poultry farms and 4 veterinary pharmacies were surveyed. Data on antimicrobial use were collected through interviews using a quantitative-frequency questionnaire and consultation of medical records. The four veterinary pharmacies sold a total of 2.8 tons of antimicrobials (active ingredients) during 2011. At the level of farms, 297 kg of antimicrobials (active ingredients) were used in the 50 layer poultry farms surveyed. Tetracycline, sulfonamides, quinolones, and β-lactams (aminopenicillins) were the most sold and used drugs in layer farms. As for treatment indication, metaphylactic (58.1%) and prophylactic (41.9%) treatments were the most observed practices, and nearly all (99%) treatments were administered per os as remedies to respiratory (33.4%) and digestive (24.7%) tract symptoms. Overall, 78.2% of antimicrobials sold in pharmacies and 67.3% used in the farms belonged to the class of critically important antimicrobials of the WHO categorization of antimicrobials according to their importance to human medicine. Doxycycline, sulfonamide, ampicillin, and streptomycin, which have been banned for layer poultry in the production of eggs for human consumption, were still used in Cameroon. The treatment incidences based on the used daily dose (TIUDD) and animal daily dose (TIADD) were 11.59 and 10.45, respectively. In regard to dosage correctness based on the UDD/ADD ratio, aminoglycosides (100%), macrolides (90.6%), and tetracyclines (74.5%) were the most underdosed, while trimethoprim sulfonamides (45.8%) and β-lactams (35.7%) were overdosed. This study highlights an irrational antimicrobial usage in layer poultry farms. Regulation of the use of antimicrobials and the education of farmers on adequate antimicrobial use are essential to preserve the effectiveness of drugs in both humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Moctar Mouliom Mouiche
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | | | - Serge Eugene Mpouam
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Frédéric Moffo
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Michael Djuntu
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | | | - Jean Marc Feussom Kameni
- Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Animal Industries (MINEPIA), Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Epidemiology-Public Health-Veterinary Association (ESPV), Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Shan C, Wu H, Zhu Y, Zhou J, Yan W, Jianhao Z, Liu X. Preservative effects of a novel bacteriocin from Lactobacillus panis C-M2 combined with dielectric barrier discharged cold plasma (DBD-CP) on acquatic foods. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2022; 29:406-416. [PMID: 35435043 DOI: 10.1177/10820132221094720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel bacteriocin Lactocin C-M2 produced by Lactobacillus panis C-M2, combined with dielectric barrier discharged cold plasma (DBD-CP), was used to evaluate the antibacterial effect on aquatic foods. After the purification procedures of ethyl acetate extraction, cation exchange chromatography and semi-preparative liquid phase, the stability of Lactocin C-M2 under DBD-CP environment was determined, and the preservation effect of these two joint treatments was investigated on fresh white fish samples. As revealed by LC-MS/MS and BLAST analysis, Lactocin C-M2 is a new type of class Ⅱ bacteriocin, with a molecular weight of 863.52 Da and the N-terminal sequence MVKKTSAV. Application of Lactocin C-M2 showed significantly stronger inhibitory effect on bacteria than on yeasts and mold. All the tested 10 Gram positive bacteria and 3 Gram-negative bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flexneri, Bacillus spp, Lactobacillus spp, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and so on, were inhibited. Lactocin C-M2 also presented stable antibacterial activity after exposure to DBD-CP, with the 95% residual activity against Staphylococcus aureus under the 40∼80 kV voltage for 30∼180 s, indicating the possibility of synergistic application. Combined with addition of 0.9 mg/g Lactocin C-M2, the treatment of DBD-CP with voltage at 60 kV for 90 s on fresh white fish (Culter alburnus) could significantly inhibit the microbial growth, the accumulation of volatile nitrogen and histamine during the storage. Therefore, the Lactocin C-M2, used together with the DBD-CP, is effective in food preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjun Shan
- College of Food Science and Technology, 70578Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Agro-Product Processing, 117941Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Han Wu
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, 117941Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhu
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, 117941Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhou
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, 117941Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenjing Yan
- College of Food Science and Technology, 70578Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhang Jianhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, 70578Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, 70578Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Agro-Product Processing, 117941Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
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Hayer SS, Casanova-Higes A, Paladino E, Elnekave E, Nault A, Johnson T, Bender J, Perez A, Alvarez J. Global Distribution of Fluoroquinolone and Colistin Resistance and Associated Resistance Markers in Escherichia coli of Swine Origin - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:834793. [PMID: 35359709 PMCID: PMC8961385 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.834793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fluoroquinolones and polymyxins (colistin) are considered as critical drugs for human medicine. Antimicrobials of these classes are also used in swine production worldwide and this usage can contribute to selection of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which is a threat to both human and animal health. Given the dynamic epidemiology of AMR, updating our knowledge regarding distribution and trends in the proportion of resistant bacteria is of critical importance. Objectives The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to describe the global prevalence of phenotypic and genotypic resistance to fluoroquinolones and colistin in Escherichia coli collected from swine. Results Four databases (PubMed, PubAg, Web of Science, and CAB abstracts) and reports of national surveillance programs were scanned and 360 articles were included in the analysis. We identified higher prevalence levels of fluoroquinolone and colistin resistance in isolates from pig populations in Asia compared to Europe. The heterogeneity of pooled estimates was also higher in Asian countries suggesting that prevalence of AMR is still not fully characterized. There was a major knowledge gap about the situation of AMR in South American and African countries. We also identified key deficiencies in how AMR data was reported in the studies. A meta-analysis using 6,167 publicly available genomes of swine E. coli established the prevalence and global distribution of genetic determinants that can lead to fluoroquinolone and colistin resistance. Conclusion This study provides the most comprehensive information on prevalence of phenotypic and genotypic resistance to key antimicrobials in pig populations globally. There is a need to establish national surveillance programs and effective policies, particularly in certain world regions, to curtail the threat of evolution of resistant isolates in swine production that can potentially contribute to public health detrimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivdeep Singh Hayer
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, United States.,Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Alejandro Casanova-Higes
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eliana Paladino
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Ehud Elnekave
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Andre Nault
- Health Science Libraries, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Timothy Johnson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota Twin-Cities, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Jeff Bender
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Andres Perez
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Julio Alvarez
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, United States.,VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Animal Health, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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de Mesquita Souza Saraiva M, Lim K, do Monte DFM, Givisiez PEN, Alves LBR, de Freitas Neto OC, Kariuki S, Júnior AB, de Oliveira CJB, Gebreyes WA. Antimicrobial resistance in the globalized food chain: a One Health perspective applied to the poultry industry. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:465-486. [PMID: 34775576 PMCID: PMC8590523 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00635-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains a major global public health crisis. The food animal industry will face escalating challenges to increase productivity while minimizing AMR, since the global demand for animal protein has been continuously increasing and food animals play a key role in the global food supply, particularly broiler chickens. As chicken products are sources of low-cost, high-quality protein, poultry production is an important economic driver for livelihood and survival in developed and developing regions. The globalization of the food supply, markedly in the poultry industry, is aligned to the globalization of the whole modern society, with an unprecedented exchange of goods and services, and transit of human populations among regions and countries. Considering the increasing threat posed by AMR, human civilization is faced with a complex, multifaceted problem compromising its future. Actions to mitigate antimicrobial resistance are needed in all sectors of the society at the human, animal, and environmental levels. This review discusses the problems associated with antimicrobial resistance in the globalized food chain, using the poultry sector as a model. We cover critical aspects of the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in the poultry industry and their implications to public health in a global perspective. Finally, we provide current insights using the multidisciplinary One Health approach to mitigate AMR at the human-animal-environment interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro de Mesquita Souza Saraiva
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba (CCA/UFPB), Areia, PB, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, Theriogenology, and One Health, Sao Paulo State University (FCAV-Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Kelvin Lim
- Veterinary Health Management Branch, National Parks Board, 6 Perahu Road, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel Farias Marinho do Monte
- Department of Pathology, Theriogenology, and One Health, Sao Paulo State University (FCAV-Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Emília Naves Givisiez
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba (CCA/UFPB), Areia, PB, Brazil
| | - Lucas Bocchini Rodrigues Alves
- Department of Pathology, Theriogenology, and One Health, Sao Paulo State University (FCAV-Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Samuel Kariuki
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Global One Health initiative (GOHi), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Angelo Berchieri Júnior
- Department of Pathology, Theriogenology, and One Health, Sao Paulo State University (FCAV-Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Celso José Bruno de Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba (CCA/UFPB), Areia, PB, Brazil
- Global One Health initiative (GOHi), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Wondwossen Abebe Gebreyes
- Global One Health initiative (GOHi), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance of Pigs and Chickens in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, 2018–2021. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11020177. [PMID: 35203780 PMCID: PMC8868105 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of antimicrobials in the livestock sector has been identified as a driver for the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and AMR has become a growing public health and economic threat in the Lao PDR. We conducted surveillance for AMR in five provinces of the Lao PDR, in order to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from caecal samples from slaughtered pigs at slaughterhouses and from slaughtered chickens at markets during two different time periods: 2018/2019 and 2020/2021. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using a panel of 14 antimicrobials using the broth microdilution technique. E. coli and Salmonella from chickens (62% and 33%, respectively) and pigs (88% and 81%, respectively) exhibited resistance to ≥3 classes of antimicrobials. Of important public health concern was the detection of Salmonella resistant to cefotaxime/ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, and colistin, deemed as critically important antimicrobials in human medicine. This study aimed to evaluate a national sampling strategy at slaughterhouses and wet markets, and to pilot the laboratory methodologies for bacterial recovery and AMR testing. Experiences from this study will inform capacity development for a national AMR surveillance program, and these early data could serve as reference points for monitoring the impact of the Lao PDR’s national action plan to contain AMR.
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Ting S, Pereira A, Davis S, Vong da Silva PG, Alves A, Dos Santos C, Toribio JALML, Morais O, da Costa Jong JB, Barnes TS. Knowledge and Practices on Antibiotic Use and Antibiotic Resistance Among Smallholder Pig Farmers in Timor-Leste. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:819643. [PMID: 35071400 PMCID: PMC8770917 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.819643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is an emerging global health threat which is linked to the overuse and misuse of antibiotics. This study was conducted to understand the knowledge and practices of smallholder pig farmers on antibiotic use and resistance in Timor-Leste. A cross-sectional study using a structured face-to-face interview was conducted in three municipalities. The interview was piloted and implemented in the local Tetun language. This study found that knowledge of antibiotics was very poor as only 12.7% (95% CI: 6.3–23.9) of farmers reported knowing what antibiotics were, and of these only one was able to correctly explain how an antibiotic worked. None of the farmers knew about antibiotic resistance and were able to explain the concept correctly. After the definition of antibiotic was explained to the farmer, only 3.6% (95% CI: 0.8–14.9) reported that their pigs had ever received antibiotics, and the majority of farmers whose pigs had not received antibiotics reported the lack of access to veterinary services. When used, antibiotics were only used for treatment with no reported use for disease prevention or growth promotion. None of the commonly used antibiotics were critically important antimicrobials. Compliance with withdrawal periods was not routinely followed. There is a need to improve access to government veterinary services for farmers in Timor-Leste, while addressing identified knowledge gaps on antibiotics and promoting prudent use practices. The findings from this study serve as baseline information to inform future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Ting
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Abrao Pereira
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Steven Davis
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Paulo Gabriel Vong da Silva
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Amalia Alves
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Cristibela Dos Santos
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Jenny-Ann L M L Toribio
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
| | - Olavio Morais
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia.,Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Government of Timor-Leste, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | | | - Tamsin S Barnes
- Epivet Pty. Ltd., Withcott, QLD, Australia.,The University of Queensland, School of Veterinary Science, Gatton, QLD, Australia
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Antibiotic resistance and phylogenetic profiling of Escherichia coli from dairy farm soils; organic versus conventional systems. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2022; 3:100088. [PMID: 34977826 PMCID: PMC8688864 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2021.100088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
First known comparison of antimicrobial resistance traits in E. coli strains from new zealand farms practicing organic and conventional husbandry. Potential extended spectrum β-lactamase producing strains isolated from dairy farm environments. Organic dairy farms tended to harbour fewer resistant isolates than those recovered from conventionally farmed counterparts. Evidence for anthroponotic transmission of resistant strains of human origin to farm environments. Implications for the spread of antimicrobial resistance traits from farm environments discussed.
The prevalence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) as a result of the persistent use and/or abuse of antimicrobials is a key health problem for health authorities and governments worldwide. A study of contrasting farming systems such as organic versus conventional dairy farming may help to authenticate some factors that may contribute to the prevalence and spread of AMR in their soils. A case study was conducted in organic and conventional dairy farms in the South Canterbury region of New Zealand. A total of 814 dairy farm soil E. coli (DfSEC) isolates recovered over two years were studied. Isolates were recovered from each of two farms practicing organic, and another two practicing conventional husbandries. The E. coli isolates were examined for their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) against cefoxitin, cefpodoxime, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, meropenem, nalidixic acid, and tetracycline. Phylogenetic relationships were assessed using an established multiplex PCR method. The AMR results indicated 3.7% of the DfSEC isolates were resistant to at least one of the eight selected antimicrobials. Of the resistant isolates, DfSEC from the organic dairy farms showed a lower prevalence of resistance to the antimicrobials tested, compared to their counterparts from the conventional farms. Phylogenetic analysis placed the majority (73.7%) of isolates recovered in group B1, itself dominated by isolates of bovine origin. The tendency for higher rates of resistance among strains from conventional farming may be important for future decision-making around farming practices Current husbandry practices may contribute to the prevalence and spread of AMR in the industry.
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Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Frequency of bla and qnr Genes in Salmonella enterica Isolated from Slaughtered Pigs. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10121442. [PMID: 34943653 PMCID: PMC8698178 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is known as one of the most common foodborne pathogens worldwide. While salmonellosis is usually self-limiting, severe infections may require antimicrobial therapy. However, increasing resistance of Salmonella to antimicrobials, particularly fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins, is of utmost concern. The present study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of S. enterica isolated from pork, the major product in Philippine livestock production. Our results show that both the qnrS and the blaTEM antimicrobial resistance genes were present in 61.2% of the isolates. While qnrA (12.9%) and qnrB (39.3%) were found less frequently, co-carriage of blaTEM and one to three qnr subtypes was observed in 45.5% of the isolates. Co-carriage of blaTEM and blaCTX-M was also observed in 3.9% of the isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that the majority of isolates were non-susceptible to ampicillin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and 13.5% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). MDR isolates belonged to either O:3,10, O:4, or an unidentified serogroup. High numbers of S. enterica carrying antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG), specifically the presence of isolates co-carrying resistance to both β-lactams and fluoroquinolones, raise a concern on antimicrobial use in the Philippine hog industry and on possible transmission of ARG to other bacteria.
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Al-Marri T, Al-Marri A, Al-Zanbaqi R, Ajmi AA, Fayez M. Multidrug resistance, biofilm formation, and virulence genes of Escherichia coli from backyard poultry farms. Vet World 2021; 14:2869-2877. [PMID: 35017833 PMCID: PMC8743762 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2869-2877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Backyard chicken flocks have traditionally been regarded as an essential food source in developed countries; however, they may act as reservoirs and spread various zoonotic bacterial pathogens. This study was designed to investigate the prevalence, phenotypic resistance, biofilm formation (BF), and pathotypes of Escherichia coli isolates from backyard poultry farms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cloacal swabs (n=150) and internal organs (n=150) were collected from 30 backyard chicken flocks; 20 of them were experiencing systemic infection, and the other ten were apparently healthy. Samples were bacteriologically examined for E. coli isolation. Isolates were identified biochemically by the VITEK® 2 COMPACT system (BioMérieux, France). For molecular identification, 16S rRNA was amplified and sequenced. Ten antimicrobials were selected for E. coli antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The minimum inhibitory concentration for each antimicrobial was determined. The extended-spectrum β-lactamase activity in isolates was investigated using cephalosporin/clavulanate combination disks. The ability of isolates for BF was determined by the microtiter plate method. Thirteen virulence genes linked to different E. coli pathotypes and two serotype-related genes were investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Eighty-six E. coli strains were isolated from 30 backyard chicken flocks. The isolates were biochemically identified to the species level. Genetically, sequences of the 16S rRNA gene showed >98% identity with E. coli in the National Center for Biological Information database. The frequency of isolation from diseased flocks was significantly higher (p<0.05) than apparently healthy flocks; 63.9% of the isolates were recovered from cloacal swabs and 36.04% were recovered from internal organs. E. coli isolates showed high resistance to ampicillin (AMP; 75.6%), gentamicin (39.5%), and tetracycline (29.1%). However, none of the isolates were resistant to imipenem. A variable drug resistance profile for E. coli isolates was reported. Twenty-one (24.4%) isolates were sensitive to all ten antimicrobials. Seven (8.1%) isolates were resistant only to AMP, and 28 (32.6%) were resistant to two antimicrobials, whereas the remaining 30 (34.9%) isolates showed multidrug resistance (MDR). Of the 86 isolates, 8 (9.3%) were confirmed as extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli by the combination disk diffusion method. All ESBL isolates were MDR with an MDR index of 0.5-0.6. Fifty-seven (66.3%) isolates were capable of forming biofilms; 22 (25.6%) of them were strong biofilm producers, 24 (27.9%) moderate producers, and 11 (12.8%) weak producers. A statistically significant pairwise correlation was obtained for MDR versus BF (r=0.512) and MDR index versus BF (r=0.556). Based on virulence gene profiles, five pathotypes were identified, including enteropathogenic E. coli (39.5%), avian pathogenic E. coli (32.53%), enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC; 9.3%), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC; 5.8%), and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC; 1.2%). The lower frequency of EAEC and ETEC was statistically significant than other pathotypes. Three isolates were identified as O157 based on the detection of the rbfO157 gene. CONCLUSION This study reported a high prevalence of MDR, suggesting the misuse of antimicrobials in backyard chicken farms. The emergence of ESBL and EHEC isolates in backyard chickens is a public health concern. Furthermore, the backyard flocks environment may harbor different pathogenic bacteria that may enhance the persistence of infection and the transmission to in-contact humans. Regular monitoring for the occurrence of MDR and the zoonotic pathotypes among E. coli in backyard chicken flocks is recommended, as these bacteria can transmit to humans through food products or contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theeb Al-Marri
- Al Ahsa Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulla Al-Marri
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Animal Resources, Doha, Qatar
| | - Reham Al-Zanbaqi
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory , Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Al Ajmi
- The Central Laboratories for Veterinary, Agriculture, and Fisheries, East Amghara 21422, State of Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Mahmoud Fayez
- Al Ahsa Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Bacteriology, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Cairo 11381, Egypt
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Murase T, Phuektes P, Ozaki H, Angkititrakul S. Prevalence of qnrS-positive Escherichia coli from chicken in Thailand and possible co-selection of isolates with plasmids carrying qnrS and trimethoprim-resistance genes under farm use of trimethoprim. Poult Sci 2021; 101:101538. [PMID: 34788713 PMCID: PMC8591490 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
One hundred and twenty chicken samples from feces (n = 80), the carcass surface at slaughter at 2 meat chicken farms (n = 20), and retail chicken meat from 5 markets (n = 20) collected during 2018 and 2019 were examined for the prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) in Escherichia coli. We detected qnrS-positive E. coli in a total of 74 samples from feces (n = 59), the carcass surface (n = 7), and retail meat (n = 8). These 74 qnrS-positive isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of certain antimicrobials and genetically characterized. Ampicillin-resistance accounted for 71 of the 74 isolates (96%), followed by resistance to oxytetracycline (57/74; 77%), enrofloxacin (ERFX) (56/74; 76%), sulfisoxazole (SUL) (56/74; 76%), trimethoprim (TMP) (49/74; 66%), and dihydrostreptomycin (48/74; 65%). All farm-borne SUL- and TMP-resistant isolates except one were obtained from samples from farm A where a combination of sulfadiazine and TMP was administered to the chickens. Concentrations of ERFX at which 50 and 90% of isolates were inhibited were 2 μg/mL and 32 μg/mL, respectively. Diverse pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns of XbaI-digested genomic DNA were observed in the qnrS-positive isolates from fecal samples. Several isolates from feces and the carcass surface had identical XbaI-digested PFGE patterns. S1-nuclease PFGE and Southern blot analysis demonstrated that 7 of 11 dfrA13-positive fecal isolates carried both the qnrS and dfrA13 genes on the same plasmid, and 2 of 3 dfrA1-positive isolates similarly carried both qnrS and dfrA1 on the same plasmid, although the PFGE patterns of XbaI-digested genomic DNA of the isolates were different. These results suggest that the qnrS gene is prevalent in chicken farms via horizontal transfer of plasmids and may partly be co-selected under the use of TMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Murase
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; The Avian Zoonosis Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
| | - Patchara Phuektes
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 40002, Thailand; Research Group of Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases in Animals and Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 40002, Thailand
| | - Hiroichi Ozaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; The Avian Zoonosis Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
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Truong DTQ, Hounmanou YMG, Dang STT, Olsen JE, Truong GTH, Tran NT, Scheutz F, Dalsgaard A. Genetic Comparison of ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli from Workers and Pigs at Vietnamese Pig Farms. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1165. [PMID: 34680746 PMCID: PMC8532784 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10101165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed and compared genomes of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli from pigs and pig farm workers at 116 farms in Vietnam. Analyses revealed the presence of blaCTX-M-55, blaCTX-M-27, blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-3, blaCTX-M-65, blaCTX-M-24, blaDHA-1, and blaCMY2 in both hosts. Most strains from pigs contained quinolones (qnr) and colistin resistance genes (mcr-1 and mcr-3). Isolates predominantly harbored more than one plasmid replicon and some harbored plasmid replicons on the same contigs as the ESBL genes. Five strains from farm workers of ST38 (2), ST69 (1), and ST1722 (2) were classified as either uropathogenic E. coli (UPECHM)/extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPECJJ) or UPECHM, and the remaining were genetically distinct commensals. A high heterogeneity was found among the ESBL-producing E. coli from pigs and workers, with most isolates belonging to unrelated phylogroups, serogroups, and sequence types with >4046 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms-(SNPs). In comparing the genomes of pig isolates to those from humans, it appeared that ESBL-producing E. coli in workers did not predominantly originate from pigs but were rather host-specific. Nevertheless, the occurrence of ESBL-producing E. coli carrying plasmid-mediated colistin and quinolone resistance genes in pigs could represent a potential source for horizontal transmission to humans through food rather than direct contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duong Thi Quy Truong
- National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (D.T.Q.T.); (S.T.T.D.); (G.T.H.T.); (N.T.T.)
| | | | - Son Thi Thanh Dang
- National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (D.T.Q.T.); (S.T.T.D.); (G.T.H.T.); (N.T.T.)
| | - John Elmerdahl Olsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark;
| | - Giang Thi Huong Truong
- National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (D.T.Q.T.); (S.T.T.D.); (G.T.H.T.); (N.T.T.)
| | - Nhat Thi Tran
- National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (D.T.Q.T.); (S.T.T.D.); (G.T.H.T.); (N.T.T.)
| | - Flemming Scheutz
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institute, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark;
| | - Anders Dalsgaard
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark;
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Santos‐Filho NA, Righetto GM, Pereira MR, Piccoli JP, Almeida LMT, Leal TC, Camargo ILBC, Cilli EM. Effect of C‐terminal and N‐terminal dimerization and alanine scanning on antibacterial activity of the analogs of the peptide
p‐BthTX‐I. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Mitchaothai J, Srikijkasemwat K. Antimicrobial resistance in fecal Escherichia coli from different pig production systems. Anim Biosci 2021; 35:138-146. [PMID: 34474532 PMCID: PMC8738921 DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of the current study was to investigate the influences of conventional (CO) and deep litter (DE) systems on antimicrobial resistance in fecal Escherichia coli (E. coli). Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out to detect antimicrobial resistance to E. coli in swine fecal samples in CO and DE systems located in western and northeastern Thailand. Individual rectal swab samples were taken only from healthy pigs. A total of 215 individual and healthy pigs were randomly selected for isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility test of E. coli by the disc diffusion method. The test panel included amoxicillin (AMX), colistin, doxycycline (DOX), enrofloxacin, gentamicin (GEN), kanamycin, neomycin (NEO), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT). Results There were significant (p<0.05) lower resistance levels for GEN, NEO, and SXT in the DE farms compared to those in the CO farms. There was a lower number of antimicrobial resistance agents (p<0.001) in the DE farms compared to those in the CO farms. This result was consistent with those in western (p<0.01) and northeastern (p<0.01) Thailand. Overall, antibiograms of AMX-SXT and AMX-DOX-SXT were found in the CO (19.09% and 20.91%, respectively) and the DE (16.19% and 24.76%, respectively) farms. No antimicrobial resistance (5.71%) was found and AMX (13.33%) resistant pigs in the DE farms, whereas the pattern of AMX-GEN-SXT (6.36%) and AMX-DOX-GEN-SXT (11.82%) resistant pigs was found in the CO farms. Conclusion The DE system for pig farming was superior to conventional pig farming by lowering the resistance level of fecal E. coli to GEN, NEO, and SXT, with decreasing the number of antimicrobial resistance agents and inducing a small proportion of pigs to be free from antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamlong Mitchaothai
- Department of Animal Production Technology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Kanokrat Srikijkasemwat
- Department of Animal Production Technology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
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Poomchuchit S, Kerdsin A, Chopjitt P, Boueroy P, Hatrongjit R, Akeda Y, Tomono K, Nuanualsuwan S, Hamada S. Fluoroquinolone resistance in non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica isolated from slaughtered pigs in Thailand. J Med Microbiol 2021; 70. [PMID: 34319224 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. The emergence and spread of non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica (NTS) serovars resistant to fluoroquinolones and third- and higher-generation cephalosporins is a matter of great concern. Antimicrobial-resistant NTS is increasingly being discovered in humans, animals, food animals, food products, and agricultural environments. Pigs are considered a major reservoir of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella spp.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. Fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella spp. warrant further surveillance and characterization for a better understanding of the bacteria isolated from animals.Aim. NTS isolated from pork from slaughterhouses across Thailand were characterized in terms of their serovars; resistance to fluoroquinolones, third-generation cephalosporins, and carbapenems; and antimicrobial resistance genes.Methodology. A total of 387 NTS isolates, collected from slaughtered pigs in ten provinces across Thailand between 2014 and 2015, were characterized based on their serovars, antimicrobial resistance genes, and susceptibility to fluoroquinolones, third-generation cephalosporins, and carbapenems.Results. Among all NTS isolates, S. enterica serovar Rissen was predominant. Antimicrobial resistance was exhibited in 93/387 isolates (24 %). Although 24 (6.2 %) isolates were susceptible to all the tested antimicrobials, they were found to possess β-lactamase genes, such as bla TEM, bla SHV, or bla CTX-M. Mobilized colistin-resistant genes (mcr) and resistance to colistin were not observed in any tested isolate. Carbapenem resistance was detected in ten isolates (10.7 %); however, bla KPC, bla NDM, bla OXA-48-like, and bla IMP were not present. Among the 93 antimicrobial-resistant isolates, 87.1 % showed fluoroquinolone resistance with the quinolone resistance gene (qnrS) combined with topoisomerase genes parC (T57S) or gyrA (S83E/Y and D124E/G) substitutions, or topoisomerase gene substitutions alone.Conclusion. We found high fluoroquinolone resistance rates among the NTS isolates from pigs from slaughterhouses. The fluoroquinolone resistance mechanism in NTS was associated with the combination of qnrS and substitutions in gyrA, parC, or both. To prevent the transmission of antimicrobial-resistant NTS between animals and humans, continuous monitoring, surveillance, and regulation of Salmonella in the pork supply chain are pivotal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleepon Poomchuchit
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Anusak Kerdsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Peechanika Chopjitt
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Parichart Boueroy
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Rujirat Hatrongjit
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Yukihiro Akeda
- Japan-Thailand Research Collaboration Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazunori Tomono
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Suphachai Nuanualsuwan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Food Risk Hub, Research Unit of Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Shigeyuki Hamada
- Japan-Thailand Research Collaboration Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Sirichokchatchawan W, Apiwatsiri P, Pupa P, Saenkankam I, Khine NO, Lekagul A, Lugsomya K, Hampson DJ, Prapasarakul N. Reducing the Risk of Transmission of Critical Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants From Contaminated Pork Products to Humans in South-East Asia. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:689015. [PMID: 34385984 PMCID: PMC8353453 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.689015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical challenge worldwide as it impacts public health, especially via contamination in the food chain and in healthcare-associated infections. In relation to farming, the systems used, waste management on farms, and the production line process are all determinants reflecting the risk of AMR emergence and rate of contamination of foodstuffs. This review focuses on South East Asia (SEA), which contains diverse regions covering 11 countries, each having different levels of development, customs, laws, and regulations. Routinely, here as elsewhere antimicrobials are still used for three indications: therapy, prevention, and growth promotion, and these are the fundamental drivers of AMR development and persistence. The accuracy of detection of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) depends on the laboratory standards applicable in the various institutes and countries, and this affects the consistency of regional data. Enterobacteriaceae such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are the standard proxy species used for indicating AMR-associated nosocomial infections and healthcare-associated infections. Pig feces and wastewater have been suspected as one of the hotspots for spread and circulation of ARB and ARG. As part of AMR surveillance in a One Health approach, clonal typing is used to identify bacterial clonal transmission from the production process to consumers and patients - although to date there have been few published definitive studies about this in SEA. Various alternatives to antibiotics are available to reduce antibiotic use on farms. Certain of these alternatives together with improved disease prevention methods are essential tools to reduce antimicrobial usage in swine farms and to support global policy. This review highlights evidence for potential transfer of resistant bacteria from food animals to humans, and awareness and understanding of AMR through a description of the occurrence of AMR in pig farm food chains under SEA management systems. The latter includes a description of standard pig farming practices, detection of AMR and clonal analysis of bacteria, and AMR in the food chain and associated environments. Finally, the possibility of using alternatives to antibiotics and improving policies for future strategies in combating AMR in a SEA context are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandee Sirichokchatchawan
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Diagnosis and Monitoring of Animal Pathogen Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prasert Apiwatsiri
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pawiya Pupa
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Imporn Saenkankam
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nwai Oo Khine
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Angkana Lekagul
- International Health Policy Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Kittitat Lugsomya
- Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - David J. Hampson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nuvee Prapasarakul
- Diagnosis and Monitoring of Animal Pathogen Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Tuat CV, Hue PT, Loan NTP, Thuy NT, Hue LT, Giang VN, Erickson VI, Padungtod P. Antimicrobial Resistance Pilot Surveillance of Pigs and Chickens in Vietnam, 2017-2019. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:618497. [PMID: 34307512 PMCID: PMC8298034 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.618497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial use (AMU) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are a growing public health and economic threat in Vietnam. We conducted a pilot surveillance programme in five provinces of Vietnam, two in the south and three in the north, to identify antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in rectal swab samples from pigs and fecal samples from chickens at slaughter points during three different points in time from 2017 to 2019. Escherichia coli (E. coli) and non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using disk diffusion assay for 19 antimicrobial agents belonging to nine antimicrobial classes and Etest for colistin (polymyxin). Almost all E. coli (99%; 1029/1042) and NTS (96%; 208/216) isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent; 94% (981/1042) of E. coli and 89% (193/216) of NTS isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Higher proportions of E. coli and NTS isolated from chickens were resistant to all antimicrobial classes than those isolates from pigs. There was a significantly higher proportion of MDR NTS isolates from the southern provinces of Ho Chi Minh City and Long An (p = 0.008). Although there were increasing trends of NTS in proportion of resistance to fluoroquinolone over the three surveillance rounds, there was a significant decreasing trend of NTS in proportion of resistance to polymyxin (p = 0.002). It is important to establish an annual AMR surveillance program for livestock in Vietnam to assess the impact of interventions, observe trends and drive decision making that ultimately contributes to reducing AMR public health threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- C V Tuat
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - P T Hue
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - N T P Loan
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - N T Thuy
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - L T Hue
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - V N Giang
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Country Office for Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vera I Erickson
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Country Office for Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pawin Padungtod
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Country Office for Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Xia J, Ge C, Yao H. Antimicrobial Peptides from Black Soldier Fly ( Hermetia illucens) as Potential Antimicrobial Factors Representing an Alternative to Antibiotics in Livestock Farming. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1937. [PMID: 34209689 PMCID: PMC8300228 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an important class of effector molecules of innate host immune defense against pathogen invasion. Inability of microorganisms to develop resistance against the majority of AMPs has made them alternatives to antibiotics, contributing to the development of a new generation of antimicrobials. Due to extensive biodiversity, insects are one of the most abundant sources of novel AMPs. Notably, black soldier fly insect (BSF; Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)) feeds on decaying substrates and displays a supernormal capacity to survive under adverse conditions in the presence of abundant microorganisms, therefore, BSF is one of the most promising sources for identification of AMPs. However, discovery, functional investigation, and drug development to replace antibiotics with AMPs from Hermetia illucens remain in a preliminary stage. In this review, we provide general information on currently verified AMPs of Hermetia illucens, describe their potential medical value, discuss the mechanism of their synthesis and interactions, and consider the development of bacterial resistance to AMPs in comparison with antibiotics, aiming to provide a candidate for substitution of antibiotics in livestock farming or, to some extent, for blocking the horizontal transfer of resistance genes in the environment, which is beneficial to human and animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xia
- Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China;
| | - Chaorong Ge
- Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China;
| | - Huaiying Yao
- Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China;
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315800, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
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50
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Di KN, Pham DT, Tee TS, Binh QA, Nguyen TC. Antibiotic usage and resistance in animal production in Vietnam: a review of existing literature. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:340. [PMID: 34089130 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02780-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Inappropriate use of antibiotics in animal production system is one of the major factors leading to the antibiotic resistance (ABR) development. In Vietnam, the ABR situation is crucial as antibiotics have been used indiscriminately for disease prevention and as growth promoters in animals. Thus, a thorough understanding on the ABR in veterinary settings would be beneficial to the Vietnam public health authority in formulating timely interventions. This review aimed to provide information on the current status of antibiotic usage in animal husbandry in Vietnam, identified gaps in research, and suggested possible solutions to tackle ABR. To this end, data on ABR in animals were extracted from 3 major electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect) in the period of January 2013-December 2020. The review findings were reported according to PRISMA, which highlighted the emergence and persistence of ABR in bacterial isolates, including Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., and Salmonella species, obtained from pigs and poultry. The lack of awareness of Vietnamese farmers on the antibiotic utilization guidelines was one of the main causes driving the animal ABR. Hence, this paper calls for interventions to restrict antibiotics use in food-producing animals by national action plan and antibiotics control programs. Additionally, studies to evaluate knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of the community are required to promote rational use of antibiotics in all sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh Nguyen Di
- Department of Academic Affairs - Testing, Dong Nai Technology University, Nguyen Khuyen Street, Trang Dai Ward, Bien Hoa City, Dong Nai, 810000, Vietnam. .,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Duy Toan Pham
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Can Tho, 900000, Vietnam.
| | - Tay Sun Tee
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Quach An Binh
- Department of Academic Affairs - Testing, Dong Nai Technology University, Nguyen Khuyen Street, Trang Dai Ward, Bien Hoa City, Dong Nai, 810000, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Cong Nguyen
- Faculty of Applied Science and Health, Dong Nai Technology University, Nguyen Khuyen Street, Trang Dai Ward, Bien Hoa City, Dong Nai, 810000, Vietnam
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