1
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Egwu CO, Aloke C, Onwe KT, Umoke CI, Nwafor J, Eyo RA, Chukwu JA, Ufebe GO, Ladokun J, Audu DT, Agwu AO, Obasi DC, Okoro CO. Nanomaterials in Drug Delivery: Strengths and Opportunities in Medicine. Molecules 2024; 29:2584. [PMID: 38893460 PMCID: PMC11173789 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a myriad of diseases that plague the world ranging from infectious, cancer and other chronic diseases with varying interventions. However, the dynamism of causative agents of infectious diseases and incessant mutations accompanying other forms of chronic diseases like cancer, have worsened the treatment outcomes. These factors often lead to treatment failure via different drug resistance mechanisms. More so, the cost of developing newer drugs is huge. This underscores the need for a paradigm shift in the drug delivery approach in order to achieve desired treatment outcomes. There is intensified research in nanomedicine, which has shown promises in improving the therapeutic outcome of drugs at preclinical stages with increased efficacy and reduced toxicity. Regardless of the huge benefits of nanotechnology in drug delivery, challenges such as regulatory approval, scalability, cost implication and potential toxicity must be addressed via streamlining of regulatory hurdles and increased research funding. In conclusion, the idea of nanotechnology in drug delivery holds immense promise for optimizing therapeutic outcomes. This work presents opportunities to revolutionize treatment strategies, providing expert opinions on translating the huge amount of research in nanomedicine into clinical benefits for patients with resistant infections and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinedu O. Egwu
- Medical Research Council, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul 220, The Gambia
- Medical Biochemistry Department, College of Medicine, Alex-Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, P.M.B. 1010, Ikwo 482131, Nigeria; (C.A.); (R.A.E.); (G.O.U.); (A.O.A.)
| | - Chinyere Aloke
- Medical Biochemistry Department, College of Medicine, Alex-Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, P.M.B. 1010, Ikwo 482131, Nigeria; (C.A.); (R.A.E.); (G.O.U.); (A.O.A.)
- Protein Structure-Function and Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Kenneth T. Onwe
- Anatomy Department, College of Medicine, Alex-Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, P.M.B. 1010, Ikwo 482131, Nigeria; (K.T.O.); (C.I.U.); (J.N.)
| | - Chukwunalu Igbudu Umoke
- Anatomy Department, College of Medicine, Alex-Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, P.M.B. 1010, Ikwo 482131, Nigeria; (K.T.O.); (C.I.U.); (J.N.)
| | - Joseph Nwafor
- Anatomy Department, College of Medicine, Alex-Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, P.M.B. 1010, Ikwo 482131, Nigeria; (K.T.O.); (C.I.U.); (J.N.)
| | - Robert A. Eyo
- Medical Biochemistry Department, College of Medicine, Alex-Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, P.M.B. 1010, Ikwo 482131, Nigeria; (C.A.); (R.A.E.); (G.O.U.); (A.O.A.)
| | - Jennifer Adaeze Chukwu
- World Health Organization, United Nations House Plot 617/618 Central Area District, P.M.B. 2861, Abuja 900211, Nigeria;
| | - Godswill O. Ufebe
- Medical Biochemistry Department, College of Medicine, Alex-Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, P.M.B. 1010, Ikwo 482131, Nigeria; (C.A.); (R.A.E.); (G.O.U.); (A.O.A.)
| | - Jennifer Ladokun
- Society for Family Health, 20 Omotayo Ojo Street, Allen, Ikeja 100246, Nigeria;
| | - David Tersoo Audu
- UNICEF Sokoto Field Office, 2 Rahamaniyya Street, Off Sama Road, Sokoto 840224, Nigeria;
| | - Anthony O. Agwu
- Medical Biochemistry Department, College of Medicine, Alex-Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, P.M.B. 1010, Ikwo 482131, Nigeria; (C.A.); (R.A.E.); (G.O.U.); (A.O.A.)
| | - David Chukwu Obasi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences, Uburu 491105, Nigeria; (D.C.O.); (C.O.O.)
| | - Chukwuemeka O. Okoro
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences, Uburu 491105, Nigeria; (D.C.O.); (C.O.O.)
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2
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El Oirdi M. Harnessing the Power of Polyphenols: A New Frontier in Disease Prevention and Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:692. [PMID: 38931359 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
There are a wide variety of phytochemicals collectively known as polyphenols. Their structural diversity results in a broad range of characteristics and biological effects. Polyphenols can be found in a variety of foods and drinks, including fruits, cereals, tea, and coffee. Studies both in vitro and in vivo, as well as clinical trials, have shown that they possess potent antioxidant activities, numerous therapeutic effects, and health advantages. Dietary polyphenols have demonstrated the potential to prevent many health problems, including obesity, atherosclerosis, high blood sugar, diabetes, hypertension, cancer, and neurological diseases. In this paper, the protective effects of polyphenols and the mechanisms behind them are investigated in detail, citing the most recent available literature. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on the role of polyphenols in preventing and managing chronic diseases. The cited publications are derived from in vitro, in vivo, and human-based studies and clinical trials. A more complete understanding of these naturally occurring metabolites will pave the way for the development of novel polyphenol-rich diet and drug development programs. This, in turn, provides further evidence of their health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El Oirdi
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Basic Sciences, Preparatory Year, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Bahavar P, Tafrihi M. Exploring the anticancer properties of the gum of Ferula gummosa: impact on cytotoxicity, caspase 3/7 activity and apoptosis, and gene expression in SW-480 cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:1810-1823. [PMID: 37565477 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2246403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Ferula gummosa Boiss. is a well-known Iranian endemic plant that grows in the north and northeast regions of Iran. In Iranian traditional medicine, its gum is utilized to treat inflammation, pain, and infections of the gastrointestinal system. However, no studies have been conducted to investigate the anticancer potential of its gum against colorectal cancer cells. This study aimed to identify the chemical components of the gum of F. gummosa and investigate its effects on SW-480 cells. The experiments included MTT, clonogenic, micronucleus formation, acridine orange/ethidium bromide stain, DNA degradation, caspase 3/7 activity assay, and in vitro wound-healing experiment and investigating the expression of BAX, BCL2, MTOR, and PTEN genes. Chemical analysis using GC/MS identified 102 compounds. The gum had a significant cytotoxic effect on SW-480 cells, with an IC50 value of 1.8 µg/ml for 48 hours. The gum induced apoptosis. Microscopic observations revealed a decrease in cell proliferation, as evidenced by nuclear condensation, increased micronucleus formation, and inhibition of colony formation. Additionally, the gum suppressed cell migration, induced the expression of PTEN and BAX, and down-regulated MTOR and BCL2 genes. These findings suggest that Ferula gummosa has strong cytotoxic properties and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Bahavar
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Majid Tafrihi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
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4
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Sampaio KB, de Brito Alves JL, do Nascimento YM, Tavares JF, da Silva MS, Dos Santos Nascimento D, de Araújo Rodrigues NP, Monteiro MC, Garcia EF, de Souza EL. Effects of Simulated Gastrointestinal Conditions on Combined Potentially Probiotic Limosilactobacillus fermentum 296, Quercetin, and/or Resveratrol as Bioactive Components of Novel Nutraceuticals. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:308-319. [PMID: 36708461 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10046-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of simulated gastrointestinal conditions (SGIC) on combined potentially probiotic Limosilactobacillus fermentum 296 (~ 10 log CFU/mL), quercetin (QUE, 160 mg), and/or resveratrol (RES, 150 mg) as the bioactive components of novel nutraceuticals. Four different nutraceuticals were evaluated during exposure to SGIC and analyzed the plate counts and physiological status of L. fermentum 296, contents and bioaccessibility of QUE and RES, and antioxidant capacity. Nutraceuticals with QUE and RES had the highest plate counts (4.94 ± 0.32 log CFU/mL) and sizes of live cell subpopulations (28.40 ± 0.28%) of L. fermentum 296 after SGIC exposure. An index of injured cells (Gmean index, arbitrary unit defined as above 0.5) indicated that part of L. fermentum 296 cells could be entered the viable but nonculturable state when the nutraceuticals were exposed to gastric and intestinal conditions while maintaining vitality. The nutraceuticals maintained high contents (QUE ~ 29.17 ± 0.62 and RES ~ 23.05 mg/100 g) and bioaccessibility (QUE ~ 41.0 ± 0.09% and RES ~ 67.4 ± 0.17%) of QUE and RES, as well as high antioxidant capacity (ABTS assay ~ 88.18 ± 1.16% and DPPH assay 75.54 ± 0.65%) during SGIC exposure, which could be linked to the protective effects on L. fermentum 296 cells. The developed nutraceuticals could cross along the gastrointestinal tract with high concentrations of functioning potentially probiotic cells and bioavailable phenolic compounds to exert their beneficial impacts on consumer health, being an innovative strategy for the co-ingestion of these bioactive components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoliny Brito Sampaio
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I - Cidade Universitária, CEP, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - José Luiz de Brito Alves
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I - Cidade Universitária, CEP, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | | | - Josean Fechine Tavares
- Institute for Research in Drugs and Medicines, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Sobral da Silva
- Institute for Research in Drugs and Medicines, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Davi Dos Santos Nascimento
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I - Cidade Universitária, CEP, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Costa Monteiro
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Estefânia Fernandes Garcia
- Department of Gastronomy, Center of Technology and Regional Development, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Evandro Leite de Souza
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I - Cidade Universitária, CEP, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil.
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5
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Chandrasekaran K, Kakani V, Kokkarachedu V, Abdulrahman Syedahamed HH, Palani S, Arumugam S, Shanmugam A, Kim S, Kim K. Toxicological assessment of divalent ion-modified ZnO nanomaterials through artificial intelligence and in vivo study. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 267:106826. [PMID: 38219502 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The nanotechnology-driven industrial revolution widely relies on metal oxide-based nanomaterial (NM). Zinc oxide (ZnO) production has rapidly increased globally due to its outstanding physical and chemical properties and versatile applications in industries including cement, rubber, paints, cosmetics, and more. Nevertheless, releasing Zn2+ ions into the environment can profoundly impact living systems and affect water-based ecosystems, including biological ones. In aquatic environments, Zn2+ ions can change water properties, directly influencing underwater ecosystems, especially fish populations. These ions can accumulate in fish tissues when fish are exposed to contaminated water and pose health risks to humans who consume them, leading to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and even organ damage. To address this issue, safety of ZnO NMs should be enhanced without altering their nanoscale properties, thus preventing toxic-related problems. In this study, an eco-friendly precipitation method was employed to prepare ZnO NMs. These NMs were found to reduce ZnO toxicity levels by incorporating elements such as Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba. Structural, morphological, and optical properties of synthesized NMs were thoroughly investigated. In vitro tests demonstrated potential antioxidative properties of NMs with significant effects on free radical scavenging activities. In vivo, toxicity tests were conducted using Oreochromis mossambicus fish and male Swiss Albino mice to compare toxicities of different ZnO NMs. Fish and mice exposed to these NMs exhibited biochemical changes and histological abnormalities. Notably, ZnCaO NMs demonstrated lower toxicity to fish and mice than other ZnO NMs. This was attributed to its Ca2+ ions, which could enhance body growth metabolism compared to other metals, thus improving material safety. Furthermore, whether nanomaterials' surface roughness might contribute to their increased toxicity in biological systems was investigated utilizing computer vision (CV)-based AI tools to obtain SEM images of NMs, providing valuable image-based surface morphology data that could be correlated with relevant toxicology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vijay Kakani
- Integrated System Engineering, Inha University, Inha-ro, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Varaprasad Kokkarachedu
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Deseno, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, Concepción 4080871, Bio-Bio, Chile
| | | | - Suganthi Palani
- KIRND Institute of Research and Development Pvt Ltd, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 020, India
| | - Stalin Arumugam
- Department of Zoology, National College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 001, India
| | - Achiraman Shanmugam
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Sungjun Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyobum Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Shakoori Z, Salaseh E, Mehrabian AR, Tehrani DM, Dardashti NF, Salmanpour F. The amount of antioxidants in honey has a strong relationship with the plants selected by honey bees. Sci Rep 2024; 14:351. [PMID: 38172229 PMCID: PMC10764931 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-51099-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
As one of the main sources of natural antioxidants, flowering plants play a role in the prevention and treatment of many diseases directly and indirectly. Honey is considered as an important nutrient in the supply of natural antioxidants, the amount of which is directly dependent on the plant origin and geographical location of the bee feeding place. The existence of valuable communities of native and endemic plant species has turned Alborz, Zagros and Azerbaijan into the most important hubs of honey production in Iran. In this study, we collected samples of honey from more than 90 regions in Alborz, Zagros and Azerbaijan during the years 2020 to 2021. We evaluated the samples using melissopalynology method and measuring the amount of antioxidant activity. The rise of antioxidant activity in honey is dependent on the abundance of some plant families as well botanical origins. The abundance of plant families Rosaceae, Amaranthaceae, Fabaceae and Asteraceae showed a higher influence on the amount of antioxidants in honey than other plant families. Also, the abundance of plant families Rosaceae and Fabaceae increased with increasing altitude. In general, the amount of antioxidant activity of honey samples shows a different percentage under the influence of ecological and geographical changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Shakoori
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elham Salaseh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Mehrabian
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dariush Minai Tehrani
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niluofar Famil Dardashti
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Salmanpour
- Department of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Andishmand H, Yousefi M, Jafari N, Azadmard-Damirchi S, Homayouni-Rad A, Torbati M, Hamishehkar H. Designing and fabrication of colloidal nano-phytosomes with gamma-oryzanol and phosphatidylcholine for encapsulation and delivery of polyphenol-rich extract from pomegranate peel. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128501. [PMID: 38040148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Nano-carriers are well-known delivery systems to encapsulate different bioactive compounds and extracts. Such nano-systems are used in various food and drug areas to protect active ingredients, increase bioavailability, control the release, and deliver bioactive substances. This study aimed to design and fabricate a stable colloidal nano-delivery system to better preserve the antioxidant properties of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) and protect its sustained release in a gastrointestinal model. To achieve this goal, a nano-phytosomal system was fabricated with plant-based, cost-effective, and food-grade compounds, i.e., phosphatidylcholine (PC) and gamma-oryzanol (GO) for encapsulation of PPE. To fabricate the nano-phytosomes, thin film hydration/sonication method was used. The parameters of particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index (PDI), loading capacity (LC), and encapsulation efficiency (EE) were investigated to evaluate the efficiency of the produced nano-system. In summary, the size, zeta potential, PDI, LC, and EE of homogenous spherical PC-GO-PPE nano-phytosomes (NPs) in the ratio of 8:2:2 % w/w were achieved as 60.61 ± 0.81 nm, -32.24 ± 0.84 mV, 0.19 ± 0.01, 19.13 ± 0.30 %, and 95.66 ± 1.52 %, respectively. Also, the structure of NPs was approved by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The optimized NPs were stable during one month of storage at 4 °C, and changes in the size of particles and PPE retention rate were insignificant (p > 0.05). The nano-encapsulation of PPE significantly decreased the loss of its antioxidant activity during one month of storage at 4 °C. The optimized NPs exhibited prolonged and sustained release of PPE in a gastrointestinal model, so that after 2 h in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and 4 h in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF), 22.66 ± 2.51 % and 69.33 ± 4.50 % of initially loaded PPE was released, respectively. Optimized NPs had considerable cytotoxicity against the Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 cell line (MCF7) (IC50 = 103 μg/ml), but not against Human Foreskin Fibroblast cell line (HFF-2) (IC50 = 453 μg/ml). In conclusion, spherical PC-GO-PPE NPs were identified as a promising delivery system to efficiently encapsulate PPE, as well as protect and preserve its bioactivity, including antioxidant and cytotoxicity against cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashem Andishmand
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yousefi
- Food and Beverages Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Nahideh Jafari
- Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sodeif Azadmard-Damirchi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aziz Homayouni-Rad
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Torbati
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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8
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González C, Ruiz-Saavedra S, Gómez-Martín M, Zapico A, López-Suarez P, Suárez A, Suárez González A, del Rey CG, Díaz E, Alonso A, de los Reyes-Gavilán CG, González S. Immunometabolic Profile Associated with Progressive Damage of the Intestinal Mucosa in Adults Screened for Colorectal Cancer: Association with Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16451. [PMID: 38003638 PMCID: PMC10671025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors such as diet and lifestyle have been shown to influence the development of some intestinal mucosal lesions that may be precursors of colorectal cancer (CRC). The presence of these alterations seems to be associated with misbalanced immunological parameter levels. However, it is still unclear as to which immunological parameters are altered in each phase of CRC development. In this work, we aimed to study the potential relationships of immunological and metabolic parameters with diet in a CRC-related lesion context. Dietary information was obtained using an annual semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) from 93 volunteers classified via colonoscopy examination according to the presence of intestinal polyps or adenocarcinoma. Cytokines, chemokines, and adipokines were determined from serum samples. We observed a reduction in adiponectin according to the damage to the mucosa, accompanied by an increase and decrease in C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) and resistin, respectively, in CRC cases. The presence of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in the polyp group was associated with higher tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) concentrations. Vegetables were directly correlated with adiponectin and resistin levels, while the opposite occurred with red meat. A bioactive compound, soluble pectin, showed a negative association with TNF-α. Future dietary strategies could be developed to modulate specific immunological parameters in the context of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celestino González
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (C.G.); (A.Z.); (P.L.-S.); (A.S.); (E.D.); (A.A.)
| | - Sergio Ruiz-Saavedra
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain;
- Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Gómez-Martín
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (C.G.); (A.Z.); (P.L.-S.); (A.S.); (E.D.); (A.A.)
- Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Aida Zapico
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (C.G.); (A.Z.); (P.L.-S.); (A.S.); (E.D.); (A.A.)
- Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Patricia López-Suarez
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (C.G.); (A.Z.); (P.L.-S.); (A.S.); (E.D.); (A.A.)
| | - Ana Suárez
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (C.G.); (A.Z.); (P.L.-S.); (A.S.); (E.D.); (A.A.)
| | - Adolfo Suárez González
- Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Digestive Service, Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carmen González del Rey
- Anatomical Pathology Service, Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - Elena Díaz
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (C.G.); (A.Z.); (P.L.-S.); (A.S.); (E.D.); (A.A.)
| | - Ana Alonso
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (C.G.); (A.Z.); (P.L.-S.); (A.S.); (E.D.); (A.A.)
| | - Clara G. de los Reyes-Gavilán
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain;
- Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Sonia González
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (C.G.); (A.Z.); (P.L.-S.); (A.S.); (E.D.); (A.A.)
- Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
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9
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Thakur B, Kaur S, Rani N, Kaur R, Upadhyay SK, Tripathi M. Exploring Microbial Contributions to Nutraceutical Production: From Natural to Designed Foods. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00937-2. [PMID: 37948026 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00937-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
For ages, societies throughout the world have used fermentation as a traditional method for food processing and preservation, helping to create a wide range of staple foods and delicacies. Due to its possible health advantages, mostly attributable to the inclusion of bioactive substances known as nutraceuticals, fermented foods have attracted a lot of interest recently. This in-depth analysis examines the wide range of nutraceuticals present in fermented foods, as well as how they are made, what health benefits they may have, and how they may be used in the nutraceutical and functional food businesses. By stressing how important fermented foods are as a source of beneficial bioactive components that support human health and well-being. Numerous bioactive substances found in fermented foods have been the subject of recent scientific studies. These molecules may find use in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical sectors. Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, and Lactobacillus johnsonii are just a few examples of the probiotic bacteria that live in fermented foods and formulas. This review elucidates the importance of microorganisms sourced from fermented foods as potent agents for diverse nutraceuticals and their potential role in preventing various diseases whilst serving as functional food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babita Thakur
- Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Sukhminderjit Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India.
| | - Nitu Rani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Rajinder Kaur
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, USA
| | - Sudhir Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Environment Sciences, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manikant Tripathi
- Biotechnology Program, Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, 224001, India.
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10
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Nicolescu A, Babotă M, Barros L, Rocchetti G, Lucini L, Tanase C, Mocan A, Bunea CI, Crișan G. Bioaccessibility and bioactive potential of different phytochemical classes from nutraceuticals and functional foods. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1184535. [PMID: 37575331 PMCID: PMC10415696 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1184535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutraceuticals and functional foods are composed of especially complex matrices, with polyphenols, carotenoids, minerals, and vitamins, among others, being the main classes of phytochemicals involved in their bioactivities. Despite their wide use, further investigations are needed to certify the proper release of these phytochemicals into the gastrointestinal medium, where the bioaccessibility assay is one of the most frequently used method. The aim of this review was to gather and describe different methods that can be used to assess the bioaccessibility of nutraceuticals and functional foods, along with the most important factors that can impact this process. The link between simulated digestion testing of phytochemicals and their in vitro bioactivity is also discussed, with a special focus on the potential of developing nutraceuticals and functional foods from simple plant materials. The bioactive potential of certain classes of phytochemicals from nutraceuticals and functional foods is susceptible to different variations during the bioaccessibility assessment, with different factors contributing to this variability, namely the chemical composition and the nature of the matrix. Regardless of the high number of studies, the current methodology fails to assume correlations between bioaccessibility and bioactivity, and the findings of this review indicate a necessity for updated and standardized protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Nicolescu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Laboratory of Chromatography, Institute of Advanced Horticulture Research of Transylvania, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihai Babotă
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mures, Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado Para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Gabriele Rocchetti
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Corneliu Tanase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mures, Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Laboratory of Chromatography, Institute of Advanced Horticulture Research of Transylvania, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Claudiu I. Bunea
- Viticulture and Oenology Department, Advanced Horticultural Research Institute of Transylvania, Faculty of Horticulture and Business in Rural Development, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gianina Crișan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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11
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Aatif M. Current Understanding of Polyphenols to Enhance Bioavailability for Better Therapies. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2078. [PMID: 37509717 PMCID: PMC10377558 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, plant polyphenols have become a popular focus for the development of novel functional foods. Polyphenols, a class of bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, and lignans, are commonly found in plant-based diets with a variety of biological actions, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. Unfortunately, polyphenols are not widely used in nutraceuticals since many of the chemicals in polyphenols possess poor oral bioavailability. Thankfully, polyphenols can be encapsulated and transported using bio-based nanocarriers, thereby increasing their bioavailability. Polyphenols' limited water solubility and low bioavailability are limiting factors for their practical usage, but this issue can be resolved if suitable delivery vehicles are developed for encapsulating and delivering polyphenolic compounds. This paper provides an overview of the study of nanocarriers for the enhancement of polyphenol oral bioavailability, as well as a summary of the health advantages of polyphenols in the prevention and treatment of several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aatif
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Yan X, Bai L, Qi P, Lv J, Song X, Zhang L. Potential Effects of Regulating Intestinal Flora on Immunotherapy for Liver Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11387. [PMID: 37511148 PMCID: PMC10380345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal flora plays an important role in the occurrence and development of liver cancer, affecting the efficacy and side effects of conventional antitumor therapy. Recently, immunotherapy for liver cancer has been a palliative treatment for patients with advanced liver cancer lacking surgical indications. Representative drugs include immune checkpoint inhibitors, regulators, tumor vaccines, and cellular immunotherapies. The effects of immunotherapy on liver cancer vary because of the heterogeneity of the tumors. Intestinal flora can affect the efficacy and side effects of immunotherapy for liver cancer by regulating host immunity. Therefore, applying probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, and fecal transplantation to interfere with the intestinal flora is expected to become an important means of assisting immunotherapy for liver cancer. This article reviews publications that discuss the relationship between intestinal flora and immunotherapy for liver cancer and further clarifies the potential relationship between intestinal flora and immunotherapy for liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Yan
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Liuhui Bai
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ping Qi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jin Lv
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaojing Song
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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13
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Herdiana Y, Husni P, Nurhasanah S, Shamsuddin S, Wathoni N. Chitosan-Based Nano Systems for Natural Antioxidants in Breast Cancer Therapy. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2953. [PMID: 37447598 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a major cause of death globally, accounting for around 13% of all deaths. Chemotherapy, the common treatment for cancer, can have side effects that lead to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an increase in oxidative stress in the body. Antioxidants are important for maintaining the health of cells and helping the immune system function properly. They play a crucial role in balancing the body's internal environment. Using natural antioxidants is an alternative to mitigate the harmful effects of oxidative stress. However, around 80% of natural antioxidants have limited effectiveness when taken orally because they do not dissolve well in water or other solvents. This poor solubility affects their ability to be absorbed by the body and limits their bioavailability. One strategy that has been considered is to increase their water solubility to increase their oral bioavailability. Chitosan-based nanoparticle (CSNP) systems have been extensively explored due to their reliability and simpler synthesis routes. This review focuses on the various methods of chitosan-based nanoformulation for developing effective oral dosage forms for natural antioxidants based on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics properties. Chitosan (CS) could be a model, because of its wide use in polymeric NPs research, thus providing a better understanding of the role of vehicles that carry natural antioxidants in maintaining the stability and enhancing the performance of cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yedi Herdiana
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Patihul Husni
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Siti Nurhasanah
- Faculty of Agricultural Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Shaharum Shamsuddin
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
- Nanobiotech Research Initiative, Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
- USM-RIKEN Interdisciplinary Collaboration on Advanced Sciences (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Nasrul Wathoni
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
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14
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Stanciu G, Aonofriesei F, Lupsor S, Oancea E, Mititelu M. Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity, and Antibacterial Activity of Black Poplar Buds' Hydroalcoholic Macerates from Dobrogea Area. Molecules 2023; 28:4920. [PMID: 37446583 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Black poplar buds have high contents of many compounds with therapeutic potential, which are useful in cosmetics and the treatment of various dermatitis, respiratory diseases, etc. The aim of this study was to identify and exploit the local plant resources with biologically active properties from the Dobrogea area, Romania. For this purpose, materials were collected from the mentioned area, and macerates of black poplar were prepared in order to evaluate their qualities as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents. Three different black poplar buds' hydroalcoholic macerates were analyzed by the Folin-Ciocâlteau method to estimate the total content of phenolic compounds, by the HPLC-DAD method for identification and quantification of the main bioactive compounds and by the DPPH radical scavenging method to evaluate the antioxidant activity. All hydroalcoholic macerates showed high concentrations of phenolic compounds, the main individual compounds being gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, cinnamic acid, and methyl gallic acid. The antioxidant activity of the black poplar buds' hydroalcoholic macerates, evaluated by the DPPH radical scavenging test, showed high values, between 496 and 1200 mg GAE /100 g d.w. The Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Pb concentrations released in dry poplar buds, determined by AAS, were below the detection limits. Hydroalcoholic macerates of black poplar were tested against two groups of gram-positive bacteria (Enterococcus and Staphylococcus) using an agar well diffusion assay. The in vitro inhibitory activities of the macerates were important and ranged from 8.2-9.4 mm inhibition zones (Staphylococcus) to 8.6 -10 mm inhibition zones (Enterococcus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Stanciu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 4 Mamaia Blvd., Ovidius University of Constanta, 900527 Constanta, Romania
| | - Florin Aonofriesei
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences 1, Ovidius University of Constanta, University Street, 900527 Constanta, Romania
| | - Simona Lupsor
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 4 Mamaia Blvd., Ovidius University of Constanta, 900527 Constanta, Romania
| | - Elena Oancea
- S.C. Dan-Elis SRL, Product Manufacturing, 9 Dobrogei Street, 907285 Topraisar, Romania
| | - Magdalena Mititelu
- Clinical Laboratory and Food Hygiene Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 3-6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
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15
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Wu G. Nutrition and Gut Health: Recent Advances and Implications for Development of Functional Foods. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10075. [PMID: 37373221 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The small intestine is a highly differentiated and complex organ with many nutritional, physiological, and immunological functions [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyao Wu
- Departments of Animal Science and Medical Physiology and Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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16
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Russo C, Maugeri A, Albergamo A, Dugo G, Navarra M, Cirmi S. Protective Effects of a Red Grape Juice Extract against Bisphenol A-Induced Toxicity in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. TOXICS 2023; 11:391. [PMID: 37112618 PMCID: PMC10145567 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11040391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) occurs through the ingestion of contaminated food and water, thus leading to endothelial dysfunction, the first signal of atherosclerosis. Vitis vinifera L. (grape) juice is well known for its health-promoting properties, due to its numerous bioactive compounds among which are polyphenols. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of a red grape juice extract (RGJe) against the endothelial damage induced by BPA in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as an in vitro model of endothelial dysfunction. Our results showed that RGJe treatment counteracted BPA-induced cell death and apoptosis in HUVECs, blocking caspase 3 and modulating p53, Bax, and Bcl-2. Moreover, RGJe demonstrated antioxidant properties in abiotic tests and in vitro, where it reduced BPA-induced reactive oxygen species as well as restored mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA integrity, and nitric oxide levels. Furthermore, RGJe reduced the increase of chemokines (IL-8, IL-1β, and MCP-1) and adhesion molecules (VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin), caused by BPA exposure, involved in the primary phase of atheromatous plaque formation. Overall, our results suggest that RGJe prevents BPA-induced vascular damage modulating specific intracellular mechanisms, along with protecting cells, owing to its antioxidant capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Russo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Alessandro Maugeri
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Ambrogina Albergamo
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (G.D.)
- Science4Life s.r.l., a Spin-Off of the University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Giacomo Dugo
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (G.D.)
- Science4Life s.r.l., a Spin-Off of the University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Michele Navarra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Santa Cirmi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.R.); (S.C.)
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17
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Guillamón E, Mut-Salud N, Rodríguez-Sojo MJ, Ruiz-Malagón AJ, Cuberos-Escobar A, Martínez-Férez A, Rodríguez-Nogales A, Gálvez J, Baños A. In Vitro Antitumor and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Allium-Derived Compounds Propyl Propane Thiosulfonate (PTSO) and Propyl Propane Thiosulfinate (PTS). Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061363. [PMID: 36986093 PMCID: PMC10058678 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing rates of cancer incidence and the side-effects of current chemotherapeutic treatments have led to the research on novel anticancer products based on dietary compounds. The use of Allium metabolites and extracts has been proposed to reduce the proliferation of tumor cells by several mechanisms. In this study, we have shown the in vitro anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effect of two onion-derived metabolites propyl propane thiosulfinate (PTS) and propyl propane thiosulfonate (PTSO) on several human tumor lines (MCF-7, T-84, A-549, HT-29, Panc-1, Jurkat, PC-3, SW-837, and T1-73). We observed that this effect was related to their ability to induce apoptosis regulated by oxidative stress. In addition, both compounds were also able to reduce the levels of some pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-8, IL-6, and IL-17. Therefore, PTS and PTSO may have a promising role in cancer prevention and/or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María Jesús Rodríguez-Sojo
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Instituto de Investigacion Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Jesús Ruiz-Malagón
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Instituto de Investigacion Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Martínez-Férez
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Alba Rodríguez-Nogales
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Instituto de Investigacion Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.R.-N.); (J.G.)
| | - Julio Gálvez
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Instituto de Investigacion Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.R.-N.); (J.G.)
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18
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Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability of Diet Polyphenols and Their Modulation of Gut Microbiota. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043813. [PMID: 36835225 PMCID: PMC9961503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that diet-derived polyphenols are bioactive compounds with several potentially beneficial effects on human health. In general, polyphenols have several chemical structures, and the most representative are flavonoids, phenolic acids, and stilbenes. It should be noted that the beneficial effects of polyphenols are closely related to their bioavailability and bioaccessibility, as many of them are rapidly metabolized after administration. Polyphenols-with a protective effect on the gastrointestinal tract-promote the maintenance of the eubiosis of the intestinal microbiota with protective effects against gastric and colon cancers. Thus, the benefits obtained from dietary supplementation of polyphenols would seem to be mediated by the gut microbiota. Taken at certain concentrations, polyphenols have been shown to positively modulate the bacterial component, increasing Lactiplantibacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. involved in the protection of the intestinal barrier and decreasing Clostridium and Fusobacterium, which are negatively associated with human well-being. Based on the diet-microbiota-health axis, this review aims to describe the latest knowledge on the action of dietary polyphenols on human health through the activity of the gut microbiota and discusses micro-encapsulation of polyphenols as a strategy to improve the microbiota.
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19
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Cetin A, Donmez A, Dalar A, Bildirici I. Amino acid and Dicyclohexylurea Linked Pyrazole Analogues: Synthesis, In Silico and In Vitro Studies. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Cetin
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Education, V an Yuzuncu Yil University Van 65080 Turkey
| | - Ali Donmez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Van Yuzuncu Yil University Van 65080 Turkey
| | - Abdullah Dalar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany Faculty of Pharmacy Van Yuzuncu Yil University Van 65080 Turkey
| | - Ishak Bildirici
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Van Yuzuncu Yil University Van 65080 Turkey
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20
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Nutraceuticals as Potential Therapeutic Modulators in Immunometabolism. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020411. [PMID: 36678282 PMCID: PMC9865834 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutraceuticals act as cellular and functional modulators, contributing to the homeostasis of physiological processes. In an inflammatory microenvironment, these functional foods can interact with the immune system by modulating or balancing the exacerbated proinflammatory response. In this process, immune cells, such as antigen-presenting cells (APCs), identify danger signals and, after interacting with T lymphocytes, induce a specific effector response. Moreover, this conditions their change of state with phenotypical and functional modifications from the resting state to the activated and effector state, supposing an increase in their energy requirements that affect their intracellular metabolism, with each immune cell showing a unique metabolic signature. Thus, nutraceuticals, such as polyphenols, vitamins, fatty acids, and sulforaphane, represent an active option to use therapeutically for health or the prevention of different pathologies, including obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. To regulate the inflammation associated with these pathologies, intervention in metabolic pathways through the modulation of metabolic energy with nutraceuticals is an attractive strategy that allows inducing important changes in cellular properties. Thus, we provide an overview of the link between metabolism, immune function, and nutraceuticals in chronic inflammatory processes associated with obesity and diabetes, paying particular attention to nutritional effects on APC and T cell immunometabolism, as well as the mechanisms required in the change in energetic pathways involved after their activation.
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21
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Milella RA, De Rosso M, Gasparro M, Gigante I, Debiase G, Forleo LR, Marsico AD, Perniola R, Tutino V, Notarnicola M, Velasco R, Flamini R. Correlation between antioxidant and anticancer activity and phenolic profile of new Apulian table grape genotypes ( V. Vinifera L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1064023. [PMID: 36714705 PMCID: PMC9874228 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1064023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Grapes represent a significant source of phenolic compounds known for their health-promoting properties, such as antioxidant capacity on normal cells and prooxidant activity on tumor cells. The genotype highly affects the polyphenolic composition in grapes and, consequently, the nutritional quality of berries. This work aimed to characterize the phenolic composition, the antioxidant, and anticancer activity of grape skin extracts (GSEs) of nine new table grape genotypes selected from a breeding program to obtain new cultivars of seedless table grapes, well adapted to the climatic change and with higher nutraceutical properties. The grape polyphenolic profile was characterized by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Quadrupole-Time of Flight mass spectrometry analysis. GSE antioxidant activity was determined by the ABTS, DPPH, and ORAC assays; GSE cell growth inhibition test was carried out in the Caco2 human cancer cell line. The nine GSEs showed different flavonoid and non-flavonoid profiles, and all possessed antioxidant activity, with the 'Aika N.', 'Turese N.', and 'Egnatia N.' the most active. As anticancer activity against the tested cancer cell line, 'Daunia N.' and 'Apenestae N.' showed the EC50 after 24 h of 35.60 µg/mL and 150.91 µg/mL, respectively. The relationship between polyphenolic profile and the antioxidant and anticancer activity of GSE was also investigated. Interestingly, among the different classes of polyphenolics, flavan-3-ols e proanthocyanidins showed the highest positive correlation with the anticancer activity of extracts. These findings can be helpful for the preparation of new extracts for the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industry and geneticists working in vine breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Anna Milella
- Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Turi, Bari, Italy
| | - Mirko De Rosso
- Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Conegliano, Treviso, Italy
| | - Marica Gasparro
- Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Turi, Bari, Italy
| | - Isabella Gigante
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Gastroenterology Saverio de Bellis, IRCCS Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Giambattista Debiase
- Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Turi, Bari, Italy
| | - Lucia Rosaria Forleo
- Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Turi, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Domenico Marsico
- Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Turi, Bari, Italy
| | - Rocco Perniola
- Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Turi, Bari, Italy
| | - Valeria Tutino
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Gastroenterology Saverio de Bellis, IRCCS Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Maria Notarnicola
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Gastroenterology Saverio de Bellis, IRCCS Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Riccardo Velasco
- Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Conegliano, Treviso, Italy
| | - Riccardo Flamini
- Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Conegliano, Treviso, Italy
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22
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Costa MADC, Dias Moreira LDP, Duarte VDS, Cardoso RR, de São José VPB, da Silva BP, Grancieri M, Corich V, Giacomini A, Bressan J, Martino HSD, de Barros FAR. Kombuchas from Green and Black Tea Modulate the Gut Microbiota and Improve the Intestinal Health of Wistar Rats Fed a High-Fat High-Fructose Diet. Nutrients 2022; 14:5234. [PMID: 36558393 PMCID: PMC9787585 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Western diet can negatively affect the gut microbiota and is associated with metabolic disorders. Kombucha, a tea fermented by a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY), is known for its bioactive properties and has become popular in the last years. In this study, we evaluated the effects of regular kombucha consumption on the gut microbiota and on outcomes related to the intestinal health of Wistar rats fed a high-fat high-fructose diet. After eight weeks receiving a standard diet (AIN-93M) (n = 10) or a high-fat and high-fructose diet (HFHF) (n = 30) to induce metabolic disorders, the animals were subdivided into four groups: AIN-93M (n = 10); HFHF (n = 10); GTK (HFHF + green tea kombucha (n = 10); and BTK (HFHF + black tea kombucha; n = 10) for 10 weeks. Although body composition did not differ among the groups, the HFHF diet was associated with metabolic alterations, and stimulated the growth of gram-negative bacteria such as Proteobacteria and Bacteroides. Kombucha ingestion could somewhat modulate the gut microbiota, attenuating the effects of a Western diet by increasing propionate production and favoring the growth of beneficial bacteria, such as Adlercreutzia in the GTK group. Our results suggest that regular kombucha consumption may be beneficial to intestinal health, which can be mostly attributed to its high content and diversity of phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luiza de Paula Dias Moreira
- Department of Agronomy, Food Natural Resources, Animals, and Environment (DAFNAE), Università degli Studi di Padova, Via dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Vinícius da Silva Duarte
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Food Science, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Rodrigo Rezende Cardoso
- Department of Food Technology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Bárbara Pereira da Silva
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa 36570-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Mariana Grancieri
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa 36570-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Viviana Corich
- Department of Agronomy, Food Natural Resources, Animals, and Environment (DAFNAE), Università degli Studi di Padova, Via dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Alessio Giacomini
- Department of Agronomy, Food Natural Resources, Animals, and Environment (DAFNAE), Università degli Studi di Padova, Via dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Josefina Bressan
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa 36570-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Hércia Stampini Duarte Martino
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa 36570-000, MG, Brazil
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23
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Puri V, Nagpal M, Singh I, Singh M, Dhingra GA, Huanbutta K, Dheer D, Sharma A, Sangnim T. A Comprehensive Review on Nutraceuticals: Therapy Support and Formulation Challenges. Nutrients 2022; 14:4637. [PMID: 36364899 PMCID: PMC9654660 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutraceuticals are the nourishing components (hybrid of nutrition and pharmaceuticals) that are biologically active and possess capability for maintaining optimal health and benefits. These products play a significant role in human health care and its endurance, most importantly for the future therapeutic development. Nutraceuticals have received recognition due to their nutritional benefits along with therapeutic effects and safety profile. Nutraceuticals are globally growing in the field of services such as health care promotion, disease reduction, etc. Various drug nutraceutical interactions have also been elaborated with various examples in this review. Several patents on nutraceuticals in agricultural applications and in various diseases have been stated in the last section of review, which confirms the exponential growth of nutraceuticals' market value. Nutraceuticals have been used not only for nutrition but also as a support therapy for the prevention and treatment of various diseases, such as to reduce side effects of cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Diverse novel nanoformulation approaches tend to overcome challenges involved in formulation development of nutraceuticals. Prior information on various interactions with drugs may help in preventing any deleterious effects of nutraceuticals products. Nanotechnology also leads to the generation of micronized dietary products and other nutraceutical supplements with improved health benefits. In this review article, the latest key findings (clinical studies) on nutraceuticals that show the therapeutic action of nutraceutical's bioactive molecules on various diseases have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Puri
- School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi 174103, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Manju Nagpal
- College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Inderbir Singh
- College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Manjinder Singh
- College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Gitika Arora Dhingra
- NCRD’s Sterling Institute of Pharmacy, Nerul, Navi Mumbai 400706, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kampanart Huanbutta
- School of Pharmacy, Eastern Asia University, Pathum Thani 12110, Tanyaburi, Thailand
| | - Divya Dheer
- School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi 174103, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ameya Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi 174103, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tanikan Sangnim
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Muang, Thailand
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24
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Caponio GR, Cofano M, Lippolis T, Gigante I, De Nunzio V, Difonzo G, Noviello M, Tarricone L, Gambacorta G, Giannelli G, De Angelis M, Notarnicola M. Anti-Proliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Effects of Digested Aglianico Grape Pomace Extract in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206791. [PMID: 36296379 PMCID: PMC9611208 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Grape pomace (GP)—the major by-product of winemaking processes—still contains bioactive molecules with known beneficial properties for human health, such as an antiradical scavenging activity or an antiproliferative activity of tumors. In vitro studies have demonstrated that GP polyphenols specifically influence colon cancer cell proliferation. In addition to previously published work, we tested the phenolic compounds of Aglianico GP following an in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion on colorectal cancer cell lines at different degrees of differentiation. Our experiments, using HT29 and SW480 cells, confirmed the anti-proliferative effect of GP gastrointestinal digested extract and provided intriguing insights on the way it influences the cancer cell features (i.e., viability, proliferation, and apoptosis). We observed that Aglianico GP extract showed a great ability to affect cell proliferation and apoptosis. Interestingly, both HT29 and SW480 cells produced a significant increase in Bax, and a significant increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-3. The gastrointestinal digested GP extract was previously characterized both for antioxidant activity and phenolic composition. As a result, the TPC and the antioxidant activity reached high values in the Aglianico GP digested extract, and the main compounds assessed by UHPLC-DAD were anthocyanins, phenolic acids, and flavonoids. This work shed light on the use of digested GP extract as a dietary ingredient, a very sustainable source of nutritional compounds with potential health benefits for colon cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Rita Caponio
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.R.C.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Miriam Cofano
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy
| | - Tamara Lippolis
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy
| | - Isabella Gigante
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy
| | - Valentina De Nunzio
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy
| | - Graziana Difonzo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Mirella Noviello
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Tarricone
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Viticulture and Enology, Via Casamassima 148, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gambacorta
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.R.C.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Maria Notarnicola
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy
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25
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Inulin from Globe Artichoke Roots: A Promising Ingredient for the Production of Functional Fresh Pasta. Foods 2022; 11:foods11193032. [PMID: 36230108 PMCID: PMC9562900 DOI: 10.3390/foods11193032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Globe artichoke roots represent an alternative and sustainable source for inulin extraction and are well-noted for their technological and functional properties. Therefore, the aim of our study was to exploit inulin with high degree of polymerization as a replacement of durum wheat semolina for the production of functional fresh pasta. The effect of increased level of substitution (5, 10, 15%) on cooking, structural, sensory, and nutritional properties were evaluated and compared with a control sample consisting exclusively of durum wheat semolina. Inulin addition caused changes to internal structure as evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The enriched samples showed a lower swelling index, an increasing cooking time, and values of cooking loss (2.37–3.62%), mainly due to the leaching of inulin into the cooking water. Cooked and raw enriched pasta was significantly darker and firmer than the control, but the sensory attributes were not negatively affected, especially at 5 and 10% of substitution levels. The increase of dietary fiber content in enriched pasta (3.44–12.41 g/100 g) resulted in a significant reduction of glycaemic index (pGI) and starch hydrolysis (HI). After gastrointestinal digestion, inulin-enriched pasta increased prebiotic growth able to significantly reduce E. coli cell density.
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26
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Musazadeh V, Karimi A, Bagheri N, Jafarzadeh J, Sanaei S, Vajdi M, Karimi M, Niazkar HR. The favorable impacts of silibinin polyphenols as adjunctive therapy in reducing the complications of COVID-19: A review of research evidence and underlying mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113593. [PMID: 36027611 PMCID: PMC9393179 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The proceeding pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 is the latest global challenge. Like most other infectious diseases, inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune system dysfunctions play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Furthermore, the quest of finding a potential pharmaceutical therapy for preventing and treating COVID-19 is still ongoing. Silymarin, a mixture of flavonolignans extracted from the milk thistle, has exhibited numerous therapeutic benefits. We reviewed the beneficial effects of silymarin on oxidative stress, inflammation, and the immune system, as primary factors involved in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. We searched PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct databases up to April 2022 using the relevant keywords. In summary, the current review indicates that silymarin might exert therapeutic effects against COVID-19 by improving the antioxidant system, attenuating inflammatory response and respiratory distress, and enhancing immune system function. Silymarin can also bind to target proteins of SARS-CoV-2, including main protease, spike glycoprotein, and RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase, leading to the inhibition of viral replication. Although multiple lines of evidence suggest the possible promising impacts of silymarin in COVID-19, further clinical trials are encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vali Musazadeh
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arash Karimi
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Nasim Bagheri
- Department of microbiology Islamic Azad University of medical science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jaber Jafarzadeh
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sarvin Sanaei
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Vajdi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mozhde Karimi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty ofMedical Sciences ,Tarbiat Modares University
| | - Hamid Reza Niazkar
- Breast Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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