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Wang Y, Xue Y, Yan C, Yu X, Zhang L, Wang Y, Lan Y, Zhang X. Ovary metabolome and cecal microbiota changes in aged laying hens supplemented with vitamin E. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103760. [PMID: 38678750 PMCID: PMC11067459 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin E (VE) on laying performance, VE deposition, antioxidant capacity, immunity, follicle development, estrogen secretion, ovary metabolome, and cecal microbiota of laying hens. One hundred and twenty XinYang Black-Feathered laying hens (70 wk old) were randomly assigned to 2 groups (6 replicates of 20 birds), and fed a basal diet (containing 20 mg/kg VE, control (CON) group) and a basal diet supplemented with 20 mg/kg VE (VE group). The experiment lasted for 10 wk. Results showed that VE supplementation increased laying performance, antioxidant capacity, and immunity, as evidenced by increased (P < 0.05) performance (laying rate), antioxidant (glutathione peroxidase, total superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, and catalase) and immune (immunoglobulins) parameters, and decreased (P < 0.05) feed/egg ratio and malondialdehyde. Meanwhile, VE group had higher (P < 0.05) pregrade follicles, ovary index and serum estrogen levels than CON group. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that VE supplementation altered the cecal microbiota composition by increasing Bacteroides, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 and Megamonas abundances and reducing Christensenellaceae_R-7_group abundance (at genus level), which are mainly associated with the production of short-chain fatty acids. Metabolomic profiling of the ovary revealed that the major metabolites altered by VE supplementation were mainly related to follicle development, estrogen secretion, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, phototransduction, bile acid synthesis, and nutrient transport. Furthermore, changes in cecal microbiota (at genus level) and ovary metabolites were highly correlated with laying performance, antioxidant, and immune parameters. In summary, VE contributed to the laying performance of aged laying hens by enhancing antioxidant, immune, and ovarian functions, promoting follicle development and estrogen secretion, and regulating gut microbiota and ovary metabolites. These findings will provide a new perspective on the mechanisms of egg production in aged poultry ovaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Yajie Xue
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - CongCong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Xu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Yufang Wang
- Qujiang District Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Yahua Lan
- Qujiang District Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China.
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Fan S, Yang Y, Li X, Liu J, Qiu Y, Yan L, Ren M. Association between heme oxygenase-1 and hyperlipidemia in pre-diabetic patients: a cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1380163. [PMID: 38846488 PMCID: PMC11153693 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1380163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Although the importance and benefit of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in diabetes rodent models has been known, the contribution of HO-1 in the pre-diabetic patients with hyperlipidemia risk still remains unclear. This cross-sectional study aims to evaluate whether HO-1 is associated with hyperlipidemia in pre-diabetes. Methods Serum level of HO-1 was detected using commercially available ELISA kit among 1,425 participants aged 49.3-63.9 with pre-diabetes in a multicenter Risk Evaluation of cAncers in Chinese diabeTic Individuals: A lONgitudinal (REACTION) prospective observational study. Levels of total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) were measured and used to defined hyperlipidemia. The association between HO-1 and hyperlipidemia was explored in different subgroups. Result The level of HO-1 in pre-diabetic patients with hyperlipidemia (181.72 ± 309.57 pg/ml) was obviously lower than that in pre-diabetic patients without hyperlipidemia (322.95 ± 456.37 pg/ml). High level of HO-1 [(210.18,1,746.18) pg/ml] was negatively associated with hyperlipidemia (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.37-0.97; p = 0.0367) after we adjusted potential confounding factors. In subgroup analysis, high level of HO-1 was negatively associated with hyperlipidemia in overweight pre-diabetic patients (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.3-0.9; p = 0.034), especially in overweight women (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.21-0.84; p = 0.014). Conclusions In conclusion, elevated HO-1 level was negatively associated with risk of hyperlipidemia in overweight pre-diabetic patients, especially in female ones. Our findings provide information on the exploratory study of the mechanism of HO-1 in hyperlipidemia, while also suggesting that its mechanism may be influenced by body weight and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujin Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulin Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, China
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Knazicka Z, Bihari M, Janco I, Harangozo L, Arvay J, Kovacik A, Massanyi P, Galik B, Saraiva JMA, Habanova M. Blood Concentration of Macro- and Microelements in Women Who Are Overweight/Obesity and Their Associations with Serum Biochemistry. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:465. [PMID: 38672736 PMCID: PMC11051437 DOI: 10.3390/life14040465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Risk elements in blood matrices can affect human health status through associations with biomarkers at multiple levels. The aim of this study was to analyze 15 macro- and microelements in the blood serum of women with overweight (BMI of ≥25 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI of ≥30 kg/m2) and to examine possible associations with biochemical, liver enzymatic parameters, and markers of oxidative stress. Based on the power calculation, the study involved women (in the postmenopausal stage) with overweight (n = 26) and obesity (n = 22), aged between 50-65 years. Multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to measure body composition parameters. Concentrations of elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, and Hg was measured using cold-vapor atomic absorption spectroscopy. Individuals with obesity, as indicated by a higher BMI, percentage of body fat, and visceral fat area, had elevated serum levels of Ca, Mg, Fe, Al, Sr, Pb, and Hg. Concentrations of Al, Cu, K, Sb, Zn, and Pb significantly affected biochemical and liver function markers in women with overweight or obesity. Elements such as Cu and Al were associated with increased total cholesterol. The correlation analysis between total antioxidant status and Cu, Al, and Ni confirmed associations in both groups. Our findings underscore the importance of addressing excess body weight and obesity in relation to risk elements. The results of the research could be beneficial in identifying potential targets for the treatment or prevention of comorbidities in people with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Knazicka
- Institute of Nutrition and Genomics, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia; (Z.K.); (M.B.); (B.G.)
| | - Maros Bihari
- Institute of Nutrition and Genomics, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia; (Z.K.); (M.B.); (B.G.)
| | - Ivona Janco
- AgroBioTech Research Center, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Lubos Harangozo
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia; (L.H.); (J.A.)
| | - Julius Arvay
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia; (L.H.); (J.A.)
| | - Anton Kovacik
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia; (A.K.); (P.M.)
| | - Peter Massanyi
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia; (A.K.); (P.M.)
| | - Branislav Galik
- Institute of Nutrition and Genomics, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia; (Z.K.); (M.B.); (B.G.)
| | - Jorge M. A. Saraiva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Marta Habanova
- Institute of Nutrition and Genomics, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia; (Z.K.); (M.B.); (B.G.)
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Paul BD, Pieper AA. Neuroprotective Roles of the Biliverdin Reductase-A/Bilirubin Axis in the Brain. Biomolecules 2024; 14:155. [PMID: 38397392 PMCID: PMC10887292 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Biliverdin reductase-A (BVRA) is a multi-functional enzyme with a multitude of important roles in physiologic redox homeostasis. Classically, BVRA is well known for converting the heme metabolite biliverdin to bilirubin, which is a potent antioxidant in both the periphery and the brain. However, BVRA additionally participates in many neuroprotective signaling cascades in the brain that preserve cognition. Here, we review the neuroprotective roles of BVRA and bilirubin in the brain, which together constitute a BVRA/bilirubin axis that influences healthy aging and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu D. Paul
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andrew A. Pieper
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Brain Health Medicines Center, Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Hall B, Levy S, Dufault-Thompson K, Arp G, Zhong A, Ndjite GM, Weiss A, Braccia D, Jenkins C, Grant MR, Abeysinghe S, Yang Y, Jermain MD, Wu CH, Ma B, Jiang X. BilR is a gut microbial enzyme that reduces bilirubin to urobilinogen. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:173-184. [PMID: 38172624 PMCID: PMC10769871 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01549-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Metabolism of haem by-products such as bilirubin by humans and their gut microbiota is essential to human health, as excess serum bilirubin can cause jaundice and even neurological damage. The bacterial enzymes that reduce bilirubin to urobilinogen, a key step in this pathway, have remained unidentified. Here we used biochemical analyses and comparative genomics to identify BilR as a gut-microbiota-derived bilirubin reductase that reduces bilirubin to urobilinogen. We delineated the BilR sequences from similar reductases through the identification of key residues critical for bilirubin reduction and found that BilR is predominantly encoded by Firmicutes species. Analysis of human gut metagenomes revealed that BilR is nearly ubiquitous in healthy adults, but prevalence is decreased in neonates and individuals with inflammatory bowel disease. This discovery sheds light on the role of the gut microbiome in bilirubin metabolism and highlights the significance of the gut-liver axis in maintaining bilirubin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brantley Hall
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, USA.
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Sophia Levy
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Gabriela Arp
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Aoshu Zhong
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Glory Minabou Ndjite
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ashley Weiss
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Domenick Braccia
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Conor Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Maggie R Grant
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Stephenie Abeysinghe
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Yiyan Yang
- National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Madison D Jermain
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Chih Hao Wu
- Program of Computational Biology, Bioinformatics, and Genomics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Bing Ma
- Institute for Genome Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaofang Jiang
- National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Martinez GJ, Appleton M, Kipp ZA, Loria AS, Min B, Hinds TD. Glucocorticoids, their uses, sexual dimorphisms, and diseases: new concepts, mechanisms, and discoveries. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:473-532. [PMID: 37732829 PMCID: PMC11281820 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00021.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The normal stress response in humans is governed by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis through heightened mechanisms during stress, raising blood levels of the glucocorticoid hormone cortisol. Glucocorticoids are quintessential compounds that balance the proper functioning of numerous systems in the mammalian body. They are also generated synthetically and are the preeminent therapy for inflammatory diseases. They act by binding to the nuclear receptor transcription factor glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which has two main isoforms (GRα and GRβ). Our classical understanding of glucocorticoid signaling is from the GRα isoform, which binds the hormone, whereas GRβ has no known ligands. With glucocorticoids being involved in many physiological and cellular processes, even small disruptions in their release via the HPA axis, or changes in GR isoform expression, can have dire ramifications on health. Long-term chronic glucocorticoid therapy can lead to a glucocorticoid-resistant state, and we deliberate how this impacts disease treatment. Chronic glucocorticoid treatment can lead to noticeable side effects such as weight gain, adiposity, diabetes, and others that we discuss in detail. There are sexually dimorphic responses to glucocorticoids, and women tend to have a more hyperresponsive HPA axis than men. This review summarizes our understanding of glucocorticoids and critically analyzes the GR isoforms and their beneficial and deleterious mechanisms and the sexual differences that cause a dichotomy in responses. We also discuss the future of glucocorticoid therapy and propose a new concept of dual GR isoform agonist and postulate why activating both isoforms may prevent glucocorticoid resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genesee J Martinez
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Malik Appleton
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Zachary A Kipp
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Analia S Loria
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Booki Min
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Terry D Hinds
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
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Li X, Wen S, Dong M, Yuan Y, Gong M, Wang C, Yuan X, Jin J, Zhou M, Zhou L. The Metabolic Characteristics of Patients at the Risk for Diabetic Foot Ulcer: A Comparative Study of Diabetic Patients with and without Diabetic Foot. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:3197-3211. [PMID: 37867628 PMCID: PMC10590077 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s430426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds and Objective Diabetic foot is a relatively severe complication in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), with peripheral neuropathy and angiopathy frequently serving as risk factors. However, it is unknown how the other major systemic metabolic factors impacted the profile of these patients, besides glucose management. Thus, we investigated the distinct characteristics of patients with diabetic foot ulcers and their relationships with angiopathy. Materials and Methods We obtained the laboratory data of 334 diabetic patients at Shanghai Pudong Hospital from 2020 to 2023. The comparisons were performed between the groups with or without diabetic foot, including glucose metabolism, lipids profile, liver and kidney function, thyroid function, and serum iron. The association between metabolic factors and lower extremity computed tomography angiography (CTA) was analyzed. Results We found significant disparities between groups in relation to age, serum protein content, liver transferase, serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum uric acid (UA), small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL), lipoprotein A (LP(a)), apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1), thyroid function, serum iron, and hemoglobin (Hb) (p<0.05). The Spearman correlational analyses showed that the severity of CTA, categorized by the unilateral or bilateral plaque or occlusion, was positively significantly correlated with UA (r=0.499), triglyceride (TG) (r=0.751), whereas inversely correlated with serum albumin (r=-0.510), alanine aminotransferase (r=-0.523), direct bilirubin (DBil) (r=-0.494), total bilirubin (TBil) (r=-0.550), Hb (r=-0.646). Conclusion This cross-section investigation showed that compared to T2D only, the patients with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) might display similar glucose metabolic control context but adverse metabolic profiles, and this profile is associated with macrovascular angiopathy characteristics and their severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiucai Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, People’s Republic of China
| | - Song Wen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiyuan Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, People’s Republic of China
| | - Congcong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinlu Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianlan Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingyue Zhou
- Clinical Research OB/GYN REI Division, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ligang Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050013, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai, 201399, People’s Republic of China
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Ullah A, Stankevic E, Holm LA, Stinson SE, Juel HB, Fonvig CE, Lund MAV, Trier C, Engelbrechtsen L, Ängquist L, Jonsson AE, Pedersen O, Grarup N, Holm JC, Hansen T. Genetics of Plasma Bilirubin and Associations between Bilirubin and Cardiometabolic Risk Profiles in Danish Children and Adolescents. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1613. [PMID: 37627608 PMCID: PMC10451688 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bilirubin is the end product of heme catabolism, mainly produced by the breakdown of mature red blood cells. Due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antilipemic properties, circulating bilirubin concentrations are inversely associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and all-cause mortality in adults. Some genetic loci associated with circulating bilirubin concentrations have been identified by genome-wide association studies in adults. We aimed to examine the relationship between circulating bilirubin, cardiometabolic risk factors, and inflammation in children and adolescents and the genetic architecture of plasma bilirubin concentrations. We measured fasting plasma bilirubin, cardiometabolic risk factors, and inflammatory markers in a sample of Danish children and adolescents with overweight or obesity (n = 1530) and in a population-based sample (n = 1820) of Danish children and adolescents. Linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to analyze the associations between bilirubin, cardiometabolic risk factors, and inflammatory markers. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of fasting plasma concentrations of bilirubin was performed in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity and in a population-based sample. Bilirubin is associated inversely and significantly with a number of cardiometabolic risk factors, including body mass index (BMI) standard deviation scores (SDS), waist circumference, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides, and the majority of measured inflammatory markers. In contrast, bilirubin was positively associated with fasting plasma concentrations of alanine transaminase (ALT), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), systolic blood pressure (SDS), and the inflammatory markers GH, PTX3, THBS2, TNFRSF9, PGF, PAPPA, GT, CCL23, CX3CL1, SCF, and TRANCE. The GWAS showed that two loci were positively associated with plasma bilirubin concentrations at a p-value threshold of <5 × 10-8 (rs76999922: β = -0.65 SD; p = 4.3 × 10-8, and rs887829: β = 0.78 SD; p = 2.9 × 10-247). Approximately 25% of the variance in plasma bilirubin concentration was explained by rs887829. The rs887829 was not significantly associated with any of the mentioned cardiometabolic risk factors except for hs-CRP. Our findings suggest that plasma concentrations of bilirubin non-causally associates with cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmat Ullah
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark or (A.U.); (E.S.); (L.A.H.); (S.E.S.); (H.B.J.); (C.E.F.); (L.E.); (L.Ä.); (A.E.J.); (O.P.); (N.G.)
| | - Evelina Stankevic
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark or (A.U.); (E.S.); (L.A.H.); (S.E.S.); (H.B.J.); (C.E.F.); (L.E.); (L.Ä.); (A.E.J.); (O.P.); (N.G.)
| | - Louise Aas Holm
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark or (A.U.); (E.S.); (L.A.H.); (S.E.S.); (H.B.J.); (C.E.F.); (L.E.); (L.Ä.); (A.E.J.); (O.P.); (N.G.)
- The Children’s Obesity Clinic, Accredited European Centre for Obesity Management, Department of Pediatrics, Holbæk Hospital, 4300 Holbæk, Denmark; (M.A.V.L.); (C.T.)
| | - Sara E. Stinson
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark or (A.U.); (E.S.); (L.A.H.); (S.E.S.); (H.B.J.); (C.E.F.); (L.E.); (L.Ä.); (A.E.J.); (O.P.); (N.G.)
| | - Helene Bæk Juel
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark or (A.U.); (E.S.); (L.A.H.); (S.E.S.); (H.B.J.); (C.E.F.); (L.E.); (L.Ä.); (A.E.J.); (O.P.); (N.G.)
| | - Cilius E. Fonvig
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark or (A.U.); (E.S.); (L.A.H.); (S.E.S.); (H.B.J.); (C.E.F.); (L.E.); (L.Ä.); (A.E.J.); (O.P.); (N.G.)
- The Children’s Obesity Clinic, Accredited European Centre for Obesity Management, Department of Pediatrics, Holbæk Hospital, 4300 Holbæk, Denmark; (M.A.V.L.); (C.T.)
- The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten A. V. Lund
- The Children’s Obesity Clinic, Accredited European Centre for Obesity Management, Department of Pediatrics, Holbæk Hospital, 4300 Holbæk, Denmark; (M.A.V.L.); (C.T.)
| | - Cæcilie Trier
- The Children’s Obesity Clinic, Accredited European Centre for Obesity Management, Department of Pediatrics, Holbæk Hospital, 4300 Holbæk, Denmark; (M.A.V.L.); (C.T.)
| | - Line Engelbrechtsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark or (A.U.); (E.S.); (L.A.H.); (S.E.S.); (H.B.J.); (C.E.F.); (L.E.); (L.Ä.); (A.E.J.); (O.P.); (N.G.)
| | - Lars Ängquist
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark or (A.U.); (E.S.); (L.A.H.); (S.E.S.); (H.B.J.); (C.E.F.); (L.E.); (L.Ä.); (A.E.J.); (O.P.); (N.G.)
| | - Anna E. Jonsson
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark or (A.U.); (E.S.); (L.A.H.); (S.E.S.); (H.B.J.); (C.E.F.); (L.E.); (L.Ä.); (A.E.J.); (O.P.); (N.G.)
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark or (A.U.); (E.S.); (L.A.H.); (S.E.S.); (H.B.J.); (C.E.F.); (L.E.); (L.Ä.); (A.E.J.); (O.P.); (N.G.)
- Clinical Center for Metabolic Research, Herlev-Gentofte University Hospital, 2900 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark or (A.U.); (E.S.); (L.A.H.); (S.E.S.); (H.B.J.); (C.E.F.); (L.E.); (L.Ä.); (A.E.J.); (O.P.); (N.G.)
| | - Jens-Christian Holm
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark or (A.U.); (E.S.); (L.A.H.); (S.E.S.); (H.B.J.); (C.E.F.); (L.E.); (L.Ä.); (A.E.J.); (O.P.); (N.G.)
- The Children’s Obesity Clinic, Accredited European Centre for Obesity Management, Department of Pediatrics, Holbæk Hospital, 4300 Holbæk, Denmark; (M.A.V.L.); (C.T.)
- The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark or (A.U.); (E.S.); (L.A.H.); (S.E.S.); (H.B.J.); (C.E.F.); (L.E.); (L.Ä.); (A.E.J.); (O.P.); (N.G.)
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9
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Lee WH, Najjar SM, Kahn CR, Hinds TD. Hepatic insulin receptor: new views on the mechanisms of liver disease. Metabolism 2023; 145:155607. [PMID: 37271372 PMCID: PMC10330768 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Over 65 % of people with obesity display the metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), which can manifest as steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, or liver cancer. The development and progression of MAFLD involve hepatic insulin resistance and reduced insulin clearance. This review discusses the relationships between altered insulin signaling, hepatic insulin resistance, and reduced insulin clearance in the development of MAFLD and how this provides the impetus for exploring the use of insulin sensitizers to curb this disease. The review also explores the role of the insulin receptor in hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells and how it signals in metabolic and end-stage liver diseases. Finally, we discuss new research findings that indicate that advanced hepatic diseases may be an insulin-sensitive state in the liver and deliberate whether insulin sensitizers should be used to manage late-stage liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Hsin Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Sonia M Najjar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and the Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Terry D Hinds
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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10
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Badmus OO, Kipp ZA, Bates EA, da Silva AA, Taylor LC, Martinez GJ, Lee WH, Creeden JF, Hinds TD, Stec DE. Loss of hepatic PPARα in mice causes hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 325:R81-R95. [PMID: 37212551 PMCID: PMC10292975 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00057.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The leading cause of death in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the mechanisms are unknown. Mice deficient in hepatocyte proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) (PparaHepKO) exhibit hepatic steatosis on a regular chow diet, making them prone to manifesting NAFLD. We hypothesized that the PparaHepKO mice might be predisposed to poorer cardiovascular phenotypes due to increased liver fat content. Therefore, we used PparaHepKO and littermate control mice fed a regular chow diet to avoid complications with a high-fat diet, such as insulin resistance and increased adiposity. After 30 wk on a standard diet, male PparaHepKO mice exhibited elevated hepatic fat content compared with littermates as measured by Echo MRI (11.95 ± 1.4 vs. 3.74 ± 1.4%, P < 0.05), hepatic triglycerides (1.4 ± 0.10 vs. 0.3 ± 0.01 mM, P < 0.05), and Oil Red O staining, despite body weight, fasting blood glucose, and insulin levels being the same as controls. The PparaHepKO mice also displayed elevated mean arterial blood pressure (121 ± 4 vs. 108 ± 2 mmHg, P < 0.05), impaired diastolic function, cardiac remodeling, and enhanced vascular stiffness. To determine mechanisms controlling the increase in stiffness in the aorta, we used state-of-the-art PamGene technology to measure kinase activity in this tissue. Our data suggest that the loss of hepatic PPARα induces alterations in the aortas that reduce the kinase activity of tropomyosin receptor kinases and p70S6K kinase, which might contribute to the pathogenesis of NAFLD-induced CVD. These data indicate that hepatic PPARα protects the cardiovascular system through some as-of-yet undefined mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olufunto O Badmus
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiorenal, and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Zachary A Kipp
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Evelyn A Bates
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Alexandre A da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiorenal, and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Lucy C Taylor
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiorenal, and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Genesee J Martinez
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Wang-Hsin Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Justin F Creeden
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States
| | - Terry D Hinds
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - David E Stec
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiorenal, and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
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11
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Nilsen DWT, Myhre PL, Solheim S, Tveit SH, Kalstad AA, Laake K, Tveit A, Seljeflot I. Total Bilirubin Yields Prognostic Information Following a Myocardial Infarction in the Elderly. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1157. [PMID: 37371887 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Total bilirubin consists of an unconjugated form, solubilized by its binding to albumin, and a conjugated form representing a minor part of the circulating bilirubin. As total bilirubin in physiological concentrations is a powerful antioxidant, its concentration gradient may reflect the health status of an individual, and serve as a prognostic indicator of outcome in primary and secondary cardiovascular disease prevention. The aim of this study was to assess the association between total bilirubin and incident cardiovascular events following a myocardial infarction. Total bilirubin in serum was measured at baseline 2-8 weeks after hospitalization for an MI in 881 patients, aged 70 to 82 years, included in the OMEMI (Omega-3 Fatty acids in Elderly with Myocardial Infarction) study, where patients were followed-up for up to 2 years. The first major adverse clinical event (MACE) was the primary endpoint and consisted of nonfatal MI, unscheduled coronary revascularization, stroke, hospitalization for heart failure or all-cause death. As total bilirubin was non-normally distributed, log-transformed values and quartiles of bilirubin were analyzed using Cox regression models. The median (Q1, and Q3) baseline concentration of bilirubin was 11 (9, and 14) µmol/L, and higher log-transformed concentrations were associated with male sex, lower New York Heart Association (NYHA) class and non-smoking. MACE occurred in 177 (20.1%) patients during the follow-up. Higher concentrations of bilirubin were associated with a lower risk of MACE: HR 0.67 (95%CI 0.47-0.97) per log-unit increase, p = 0.032. Patients in the lowest quartile of bilirubin (<9 µmol/L) had the highest risk with HR 1.61 (95%CI 1.19-2.18), p = 0.002, compared to quartiles 2-4. This association remained significant even after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, NYHA class and treatment allocation: HR 1.52 (1.21-2.09), p = 0.009. Low concentrations of bilirubin (<9 µmol/L) are associated with increased nonfatal cardiovascular events or death in elderly patients with a recent myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Winston T Nilsen
- Department of Cardiology, Stavanger University Hospital, 4068 Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Peder Langeland Myhre
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, 1474 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Svein Solheim
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sjur Hansen Tveit
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, 1474 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Are Annesønn Kalstad
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Laake
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Arnljot Tveit
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Research, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, 1346 Gjettum, Norway
| | - Ingebjørg Seljeflot
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway
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12
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Vitek L, Hinds TD, Stec DE, Tiribelli C. The physiology of bilirubin: health and disease equilibrium. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:315-328. [PMID: 36828710 PMCID: PMC10023336 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Bilirubin has several physiological functions, both beneficial and harmful. In addition to reactive oxygen species-scavenging activities, bilirubin has potent immunosuppressive effects associated with long-term pathophysiological sequelae. It has been recently recognized as a hormone with endocrine actions and interconnected effects on various cellular signaling pathways. Current studies show that bilirubin also decreases adiposity and prevents metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. All in all, the physiological importance of bilirubin is only now coming to light, and strategies for increasing plasma bilirubin levels to combat chronic diseases are starting to be considered. This review discusses the beneficial effects of increasing plasma bilirubin, incorporates emerging areas of bilirubin biology, and provides key concepts to advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libor Vitek
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Terry D Hinds
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - David E Stec
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiorenal, and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
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13
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Luo L, Chang Y, Sheng L. Gut-liver axis in the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: From the microbial derivatives-centered perspective. Life Sci 2023; 321:121614. [PMID: 36965522 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the world's most common chronic liver diseases. However, its pathogenesis remains unclear. With the deepening of research, NAFLD is considered a metabolic syndrome associated with the environment, heredity, and metabolic disorders. Recently, the close relationship between the intestinal microbiome and NAFLD has been discovered, and the theory of the "gut-liver axis" has been proposed. In short, the gut bacteria directly reach the liver via the portal vein through the damaged intestinal wall or indirectly participate in the development of NAFLD through signaling pathways mediated by their components and metabolites. This review focuses on the roles of microbiota-derived lipopolysaccharide, DNA, peptidoglycan, bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, endogenous ethanol, choline and its metabolites, indole and its derivatives, and bilirubin and its metabolites in the progression of NAFLD, which may provide significative insights into the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment for this highly prevalent liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Luo
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Yongchun Chang
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Li Sheng
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China.
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14
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Kipp ZA, Martinez GJ, Bates EA, Maharramov AB, Flight RM, Moseley HNB, Morris AJ, Stec DE, Hinds TD. Bilirubin Nanoparticle Treatment in Obese Mice Inhibits Hepatic Ceramide Production and Remodels Liver Fat Content. Metabolites 2023; 13:215. [PMID: 36837834 PMCID: PMC9965094 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have indicated that increasing plasma bilirubin levels might be useful for preventing and treating hepatic lipid accumulation that occurs with metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. We have previously demonstrated that mice with hyperbilirubinemia had significantly less lipid accumulation in a diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) model. However, bilirubin's effects on individual lipid species are currently unknown. Therefore, we used liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) to determine the hepatic lipid composition of obese mice with NAFLD treated with bilirubin nanoparticles or vehicle control. We placed the mice on a high-fat diet (HFD) for 24 weeks and then treated them with bilirubin nanoparticles or vehicle control for 4 weeks while maintaining the HFD. Bilirubin nanoparticles suppressed hepatic fat content overall. After analyzing the lipidomics data, we determined that bilirubin inhibited the accumulation of ceramides in the liver. The bilirubin nanoparticles significantly lowered the hepatic expression of two essential enzymes that regulate ceramide production, Sgpl1 and Degs1. Our results demonstrate that the bilirubin nanoparticles improve hepatic fat content by reducing ceramide production, remodeling the liver fat content, and improving overall metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A. Kipp
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, 760 Press Avenue, Healthy Kentucky Research Building, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Genesee J. Martinez
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, 760 Press Avenue, Healthy Kentucky Research Building, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Evelyn A. Bates
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, 760 Press Avenue, Healthy Kentucky Research Building, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Agil B. Maharramov
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, 760 Press Avenue, Healthy Kentucky Research Building, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Robert M. Flight
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Hunter N. B. Moseley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
- Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Andrew J. Morris
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - David E. Stec
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Cardiorenal, and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Terry D. Hinds
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, 760 Press Avenue, Healthy Kentucky Research Building, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
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15
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Suppressing Hepatic UGT1A1 Increases Plasma Bilirubin, Lowers Plasma Urobilin, Reorganizes Kinase Signaling Pathways and Lipid Species and Improves Fatty Liver Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020252. [PMID: 36830621 PMCID: PMC9953728 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Several population studies have observed lower serum bilirubin levels in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Yet, treatments to target this metabolic phenotype have not been explored. Therefore, we designed an N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) labeled RNAi to target the enzyme that clears bilirubin from the blood, the UGT1A1 glucuronyl enzyme (GNUR). In this study, male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD, 60%) for 30 weeks to induce NAFLD and were treated subcutaneously with GNUR or sham (CTRL) once weekly for six weeks while continuing the HFD. The results show that GNUR treatments significantly raised plasma bilirubin levels and reduced plasma levels of the bilirubin catabolized product, urobilin. We show that GNUR decreased liver fat content and ceramide production via lipidomics and lowered fasting blood glucose and insulin levels. We performed extensive kinase activity analyses using our PamGene PamStation kinome technology and found a reorganization of the kinase pathways and a significant decrease in inflammatory mediators with GNUR versus CTRL treatments. These results demonstrate that GNUR increases plasma bilirubin and reduces plasma urobilin, reducing NAFLD and inflammation and improving overall liver health. These data indicate that UGT1A1 antagonism might serve as a treatment for NAFLD and may improve obesity-associated comorbidities.
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