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Tong M, Zhai K, Duan Y, Xia W, Zhao B, Zhang L, Chu J, Yao X. Selenium alleviates the adverse effects of microplastics on kale by regulating photosynthesis, redox homeostasis, secondary metabolism and hormones. Food Chem 2024; 450:139349. [PMID: 38631205 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Kale is a functional food with anti-cancer, antioxidant, and anemia prevention properties. The harmful effects of the emerging pollutant microplastic (MP) on plants have been widely studied, but there is limited research how to mitigate MP damage on plants. Numerous studies have shown that Se is involved in regulating plant resistance to abiotic stresses. The paper investigated impact of MP and Se on kale growth, photosynthesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, phytochemicals, and endogenous hormones. Results revealed that MP triggered a ROS burst, which led to breakdown of antioxidant system in kale, and had significant toxic effects on photosynthetic system, biomass, and accumulation of secondary metabolites, as well as a significant decrease in IAA and a significant increase in GA. Under MP supply, Se mitigated the adverse effects of MP on kale by increasing photosynthetic pigment content, stimulating function of antioxidant system, enhancing secondary metabolite synthesis, and modulating hormonal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Tong
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Kuizhi Zhai
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yusui Duan
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Wansheng Xia
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Bingnan Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Jianzhou Chu
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Xiaoqin Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China.
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Li A, Wang Y, Li X, Yin J, Li Y, Hu Y, Zou J, Liu J, Sun Z. Integrated physiological, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses provide insights into phosphorus-mediated cadmium detoxification in Salix caprea roots. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 211:108677. [PMID: 38703499 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) plays a crucial role in facilitating plant adaptation to cadmium (Cd) stress. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying P-mediated responses to Cd stress in roots remain elusive. This study investigates the effects of P on the growth, physiology, transcriptome, and metabolome of Salix caprea under Cd stress. The results indicate that Cd significantly inhibits plant growth, while sufficient P alleviates this inhibition. Under Cd exposure, P sufficiency resulted in increased Cd accumulation in roots, along with reduced oxidative stress levels (superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide contents were reduced by 16.8% and 30.1%, respectively). This phenomenon can be attributed to the enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), as well as increased levels of antioxidants including ascorbic acid (AsA) and flavonoids under sufficient P conditions. A total of 4208 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 552 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were identified in the transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, with 2596 DEGs and 113 DAMs identified among treatments with different P levels under Cd stress, respectively. Further combined analyses reveal the potential roles of several pathways in P-mediated Cd detoxification, including flavonoid biosynthesis, ascorbate biosynthesis, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways. Notably, sufficient P upregulates the expression of genes including HMA, ZIP, NRAMP and CAX, all predicted to localize to the cell membrane. This may elucidate the heightened Cd accumulation under sufficient P conditions. These findings provide insights into the roles of P in enhancing plant resistance to Cd stress and improving of phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yuancheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze, Shandong, 274000, China
| | - Jiahui Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China; College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Yadong Li
- Shandong Seed Industry Group Yellow River Delta Co., Jinan, Shandong, 250000, China
| | - Yaofang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Junzhu Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Junxiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Zhenyuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
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Ruan S, Liu R, Chen X, Huang Q, Xiao C, You R, Huang L, Liu Y, Chen J, Xiao X, Lin Q, Lu Y. Determination of H 2O 2 and its antioxidant activity by BCM@Au NPs ratiometric SERS sensor. Talanta 2024; 268:125323. [PMID: 37890373 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
As a reactive oxygen species (ROS), excessive production of H2O2 contributes to the development of several diseases such as, inflammation, cancer, and respiratory diseases. Supplementation with endogenous or exogenous antioxidants can scavenge ROS and reduce the oxidation of cellular molecules, thus alleviating the generation of diseases. Therefore, the determination of H2O2 content and its antioxidant activity is of great importance in disease diagnosis and treatment. In this paper, a ratiometric SERS sensor with a flexible cellulose membrane was designed for quantitative detection of H2O2 and assessment of antioxidant activity. First, gold seeds were reduced on bacterial cellulose membrane (BCM) and Au NPs were smoothly deposited on the bacterial cellulose membrane (BCM) using halides to reduce the reduction potential in the growth solution to form a flexible BCM@Au NPs SERS substrate. Afterwards, the oxidation of H2O2 was used to convert 3-mercaptophenylboronic acid (3-MPBA) to the corresponding phenol form 3-hydroxyphenylethanol (3-HTP). The change of substance resulted in a good linear relationship between the intensity ratio corresponding to the two Raman shifts of 881 cm-1 and 995 cm-1 and the H2O2 concentration with a detection limit of 0.0186 μM. This opens up a new method for the detection of H2O2 with high sensitivity and accuracy. In addition, this SERS platform was successfully used for the determination of antioxidant activity. It is promising to be applied to disease diagnosis and efficacy evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Ruan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Province Higher Education Institutes, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China
| | - Ru Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Province Higher Education Institutes, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Province Higher Education Institutes, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China
| | - Qian Huang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Province Higher Education Institutes, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China
| | - Chongxin Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Province Higher Education Institutes, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China
| | - Ruiyun You
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Province Higher Education Institutes, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China
| | - Luqiang Huang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China.
| | - Yunzhen Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Province Higher Education Institutes, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China
| | - Jingbo Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shengli Clinical Medical College Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Xiufeng Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Province Higher Education Institutes, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China
| | - Qingqiang Lin
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China.
| | - Yudong Lu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Province Higher Education Institutes, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China.
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Dubas E, Krzewska M, Surówka E, Kopeć P, Springer A, Janowiak F, Weigt D, Mikołajczyk SK, Telk A, Żur I. New Prospects for Improving Microspore Embryogenesis Induction in Highly Recalcitrant Winter Wheat Lines. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:363. [PMID: 38337896 PMCID: PMC10857491 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Among various methods stimulating biological progress, double haploid (DH) technology, which utilizes the process of microspore embryogenesis (ME), is potentially the most effective. However, the process depends on complex interactions between many genetic, physiological and environmental variables, and in many cases, e.g., winter wheat, does not operate with the efficiency required for commercial use. Stress associated with low-temperature treatment, isolation and transfer to in vitro culture has been shown to disturb redox homeostasis and generate relatively high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), affecting microspore vitality. The aim of this study was to investigate whether controlled plant growth, specific tiller pre-treatment and culture conditions could improve the potential of microspores to cope with stress and effectively induce ME. To understand the mechanism of the stress response, hydrogen peroxide levels, total activity and the content of the most important low-molecular-weight antioxidants (glutathione and ascorbate), as well as the content of selected macro- (Mg, Ca, NA, K) and micronutrients (Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mo) were determined. These analyses, combined with the cytological characteristics of the microspore suspensions, allowed us to demonstrate that an increased microspore vitality and stronger response to ME induction were associated with higher stress resistance based on more efficient ROS scavenging and nutrient management. It was shown that a modified procedure, combining a low temperature with mannitol and sodium selenate tiller pre-treatment, reduced oxidative stress and improved the effectiveness of ME in winter wheat lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Dubas
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (E.D.); (M.K.); (E.S.); (P.K.); (A.S.); (F.J.)
| | - Monika Krzewska
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (E.D.); (M.K.); (E.S.); (P.K.); (A.S.); (F.J.)
| | - Ewa Surówka
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (E.D.); (M.K.); (E.S.); (P.K.); (A.S.); (F.J.)
| | - Przemysław Kopeć
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (E.D.); (M.K.); (E.S.); (P.K.); (A.S.); (F.J.)
| | - Agnieszka Springer
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (E.D.); (M.K.); (E.S.); (P.K.); (A.S.); (F.J.)
| | - Franciszek Janowiak
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (E.D.); (M.K.); (E.S.); (P.K.); (A.S.); (F.J.)
| | - Dorota Weigt
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 11 Dojazd St., 60-632 Poznań, Poland; (D.W.); (S.K.M.)
| | - Sylwia Katarzyna Mikołajczyk
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 11 Dojazd St., 60-632 Poznań, Poland; (D.W.); (S.K.M.)
| | - Anna Telk
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Iwona Żur
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (E.D.); (M.K.); (E.S.); (P.K.); (A.S.); (F.J.)
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Basit F, Abbas S, Zhu M, Tanwir K, El-Keblawy A, Sheteiwy MS, Raza A, Hu J, Hu W, Guan Y. Ascorbic acid and selenium nanoparticles synergistically interplay in chromium stress mitigation in rice seedlings by regulating oxidative stress indicators and antioxidant defense mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:120044-120062. [PMID: 37936030 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30625-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AsA) and selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) were versatile plant growth regulators, playing multiple roles in promoting plant growth under heavy metal stresses. This study aimed to evaluate the beneficial role of individual and combined effects of AsA and SeNPs on morpho-physio-biochemical traits of rice with or without chromium (Cr) amendment. The results indicated that Cr negatively affected plant biomass, gas exchange parameters, total soluble sugar, proline, relative water contents, and antioxidant-related gene expression via increasing reactive oxygen species (MDA, H2O2, O2•-) formation, resulting in plant growth reduction. The application of AsA and SeNPs, individually or in combination, decreased the uptake and translocation of Cr in rice seedlings, increased seedlings with tolerance to Cr toxicity, and significantly improved the rice seedling growth. Most notably, AsA + SeNP treatment strengthened the antioxidative defense system through ROS quenching and Cr detoxification. The results collectively suggested that the application of AsA and SeNPs alone or in combination had the potential to alleviate Cr toxicity in rice and possibly other crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farwa Basit
- Hainan Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, China
- The Advanced Seed Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Saghir Abbas
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mengjin Zhu
- Hainan Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, China
- The Advanced Seed Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kashif Tanwir
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ali El-Keblawy
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Salah Sheteiwy
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Ali Raza
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jin Hu
- Hainan Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, China
- The Advanced Seed Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Weimin Hu
- Hainan Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, China
- The Advanced Seed Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yajing Guan
- Hainan Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, China.
- The Advanced Seed Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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El-Beltagi HS, Shah ST, Mohamed HI, Alam N, Sajid M, Khan A, Basit A. Physiological response, phytochemicals, antioxidant, and enzymatic activity of date palm ( Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivated under different storage time, harvesting Stages, and temperatures. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103818. [PMID: 37841666 PMCID: PMC10570712 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The quality of date palm is highly influenced by postharvest techniques, storage, and processing effects. Fruits stored at room temperature result in dehydration, whereas higher temperatures accelerate the enzymatic browning of fruit. This study aimed to enhance postharvest quality of date palms through improved harvesting and storage techniques. The fruits of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L. cv. Dhakki) were harvested at khalal (mature, firm), rutab (fully ripe), or tamar (dry) stages and stored at different temperatures (12, 18, or 24 °C) for 0, 15, 30, or 45 days. The analysis of the data showed that the studied attributes significantly different at various ripening stages and storage temperatures. The fruits harvested at Khalal stage proved to be the best in retaining moisture content (23.16%), total soluble solids (20.36 oBrix), fruit juice pH (4.97), ascorbic acid (24.65 mg 100 g-1), non-reducing sugars (26.84%), percent acidity (0.39%), antioxidant activity (211.0 mg 100 g-1), total phenolic (40.07 mg100g-1), flavonoids (45.8 mg 100 g-1), tannin (70.7 mg100g-1), catalase (1.82 U g-1), peroxidase (1.4 U g-1), soluble protein (38.2 mg kg-1), brightness (29.9), chroma (16.4), hue angle (34.9), color (16.8), and with minimum weight loss (8.48%) as compared to fruit harvested at Rutab and Tamar stage. Regarding the means for storage temperature, the fruits stored at 12 ± 3 °C retained the highest moisture content (23.2%), total soluble solids (13.5 oBrix), fruit juice pH (5.42), percent acidity (0.29%), ascorbic acid (24.4 mg100g-1), reducing sugars (31.1%), non-reducing sugars (26.5%), antioxidant activity (214.6 mg100g-1), total phenolic (41.6 mg100 g-1), flavonoids (44.7 mg100 g-1), tannin (71.7 mg 100 g-1), catalase (1.56 U g-1), peroxidase (1.21 U g-1), soluble protein (31.8 mg kg-1), brightness (28.8), chroma (15.3), hue angle (29.6), color (16.2),with minimum weight loss (9.91%). It was concluded that for quality fruit production of date palm cv. Dhakki could be harvested at Khalal stage and stored at a temperature of 12 ± 3 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam S. El-Beltagi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Tanveer Shah
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Heba I. Mohamed
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams, University, Cairo 1575, Egypt
| | - Nabeel Alam
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Khan
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Basit
- Department of Horticulture, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, South Korea
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Zhu J, Cai Y, Wakisaka M, Yang Z, Yin Y, Fang W, Xu Y, Omura T, Yu R, Zheng ALT. Mitigation of oxidative stress damage caused by abiotic stress to improve biomass yield of microalgae: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165200. [PMID: 37400020 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have been recognized as emerging cell factories due to the high value-added bio-products. However, the balance between algal growth and the accumulation of metabolites is always the main contradiction in algal biomass production. Hence, the security and effectiveness of regulating microalgal growth and metabolism simultaneously have drawn substantial attention. Since the correspondence between microalgal growth and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level has been confirmed, improving its growth under oxidative stress and promoting biomass accumulation under non-oxidative stress by exogenous mitigators is feasible. This paper first introduced ROS generation in microalgae and described the effects of different abiotic stresses on the physiological and biochemical status of microalgae from these aspects associated with growth, cell morphology and structure, and antioxidant system. Secondly, the role of exogenous mitigators with different mechanisms in alleviating abiotic stress was concluded. Finally, the possibility of exogenous antioxidants regulating microalgal growth and improving the accumulation of specific products under non-stress conditions was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyu Zhu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, No. 196 Huayang West Road, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou 225127, China; Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Fukuoka 808-0196, Japan.
| | - Yifei Cai
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, No. 196 Huayang West Road, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Minato Wakisaka
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Fukuoka 808-0196, Japan; Food Study Centre, Fukuoka Women's University, 1-1-1 Kasumigaoka, Fukuoka 813-8529, Japan.
| | - Zhengfei Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, No. 196 Huayang West Road, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Yongqi Yin
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, No. 196 Huayang West Road, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Weiming Fang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, No. 196 Huayang West Road, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Yan Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, No. 196 Huayang West Road, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Taku Omura
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ruihui Yu
- School of International Trade, Anhui University of Finance and Economics, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Alvin Lim Teik Zheng
- Faculty of Humanities, Management and Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, Bintulu, Sarawak 97008, Malaysia
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Celi GEA, Gratão PL, Lanza MGDB, Reis ARD. Physiological and biochemical roles of ascorbic acid on mitigation of abiotic stresses in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 202:107970. [PMID: 37625254 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Under conditions of abiotic stress several physiological and biochemical processes in plants can be modified. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is toxic at high concentrations and promotes RNA, DNA and plant cell membrane degradation. Plants have enzymatic and non-enzymatic adaptation mechanisms to act against ROS detoxification. Ascorbic acid (AsA) is the non-enzymatic compound essential for several biological functions, which acts in the elimination and balance of ROS production and with the potential to promote several physiological functions in plants, such as the photosynthetic process. For plant development, AsA plays an important role in cell division, osmotic adjustment, hormone biosynthesis, and as an enzymatic cofactor. In this review, the redox reactions, biosynthetic pathways, and the physiological and biochemical functions of AsA against abiotic stress in plants are discussed. The concentration of AsA in plants can vary between species and depend on the biosynthetic pathways d-mannose/l-galactose, d-galacturonate, euglenids, and d-glucuronate. Although the endogenous levels of AsA in plants are used in large amounts in cell metabolism, the exogenous application of AsA further increases these endogenous levels to promote the antioxidant system and ameliorate the effects produced by abiotic stress. Foliar application of AsA promotes antioxidant metabolism in plants subjected to climate change conditions, also allowing the production of foods with higher nutritional quality and food safety, given the fact that AsA is biologically essential in the human diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Eugenia Ajila Celi
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Postal Code 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila Lupino Gratão
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Postal Code 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Gabriela Dantas Bereta Lanza
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Postal Code 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - André Rodrigues Dos Reis
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Rua Domingos da Costa Lopes 780, Postal Code 17602-496, Tupã, SP, Brazil.
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9
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Paravar A, Maleki Farahani S, Rezazadeh A. Morphological, physiological and biochemical response of L allemantia species to elevated temperature and light duration during seed development. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15149. [PMID: 37123928 PMCID: PMC10133671 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Seed weight, storability, and germinability can depend on maternal plant's environment. However, there is slight information about the effect of light and temperature on seed quality of Lallemantia species. The purpose of this research was to determine the properties of physio-biochemical of maternal plant, seed quality, and seed chemical composition of Lallemantia species (Lallemantia iberica and Lallemantia royleana) under temperature (15 °C, 25 °C, and 35 °C) and photoperiod (8 hd-1, 16 hd-1, and 24 hd-1) maternal plants environment. Increasing temperature and photoperiod caused a reduction in leaf chlorophyll, stomatal movement, total soluble sugar, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzymes activities, and an increment in malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content of seeds. However, the highest weight, germination, vigor index, and longevity, seed chemical compositions were obtained in offspring which matured under 25 °C for 16 hd-1. The highest germination, oil, and relative percentage of fatty acids (oleic acid (OA), linoleic acid (LA), and linolenic acid (LNA)) were obtained in L. iberica seeds. On the contrary, longevity, mucilage, and sucrose were more abundant in L. royleana seeds. Overall, this research has clearly shown that temperature and light quality and quantity of maternal plant's environment have an immensely effect on producing of seeds with high-quality. However, it is necessary to investigate the impact of the epigenetic mechanisms of the maternal plant on the offspring in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Paravar
- Department of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Maleki Farahani
- Department of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding author.
| | - Alireza Rezazadeh
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Jalili I, Ebadi A, Askari MA, KalatehJari S, Aazami MA. Foliar application of putrescine, salicylic acid, and ascorbic acid mitigates frost stress damage in Vitis vinifera cv. ̒Giziluzum̕. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:135. [PMID: 36899321 PMCID: PMC10155332 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04126-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cold stress is an effective factor in reducing production and injuring fruit trees. Various materials, such as salicylic acid, ascorbic acid, and putrescine, are used to alleviate the damage of abiotic stress. RESULTS The effect of different treatments of putrescine, salicylic acid, and ascorbic acid on alleviating the damage of frost stress (- 3 °C) to grapes 'Giziluzum' was investigated. Frost stress increased the amount of H2O2, MDA, proline, and MSI. On the other hand, it decreased the concentration of chlorophyll and carotenoids in the leaves. Putrescine, salicylic acid and ascorbic acid significantly increased the activities of catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase under frost stress. Following frost stress, the grapes treated with putrescine, salicylic acid, and ascorbic acid showed higher levels of DHA, AsA, and AsA/DHA than the untreated grapes. Our results showed that the treatment with ascorbic acid outperformed the other treatments in adjusting frost stress damages. CONCLUSION The use of compounds, such as ascorbic ac id, salicylic acid, and putrescine, modulates the effects of frost stress, thereby increasing the antioxidant defense system of cells, reducing its damage, and stabilizing stable cell conditions, so it can be used to reduce frost damage to different grape cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilnaz Jalili
- Department of Horticulture and Agronomy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ebadi
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ali Askari
- Department of Horticulture and Agronomy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh KalatehJari
- Department of Horticulture and Agronomy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Aazami
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
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11
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Magri A, Malorni L, Cozzolino R, Adiletta G, Siano F, Picariello G, Cice D, Capriolo G, Nunziata A, Di Matteo M, Petriccione M. Agronomic, Physicochemical, Aromatic and Sensory Characterization of Four Sweet Cherry Accessions of the Campania Region. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12030610. [PMID: 36771694 PMCID: PMC9921131 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) are greatly appreciated fruits worldwide due to their taste, color, nutritional value, and beneficial health effects. The characterization of autochthonous germplasm allows to identify genotypes that possess superior characteristics compared to standard cultivars. In this work, four accessions of sweet cherry from the Campania region (Limoncella, Mulegnana Riccia, Mulegnana Nera and Montenero) were investigated for their morpho-physiological, qualitative, aromatic, and sensorial traits in comparison with two standard cultivars (Ferrovia and Lapins). A high variability in the pomological traits resulted among the samples. Montenero showed comparable fruit weight and titratable acidity to Ferrovia and Lapins, respectively. The highest total soluble solid content was detected in Mulegnana Riccia. A considerable variability in the skin and pulp color of the cherries was observed, varying from yellow-red in Limoncella to a dark red color in Montenero. Mulegnana Nera showed the highest content of polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and ascorbic acid compared to the standard cultivars. Volatile organic compounds profile analysis identified 34 volatile compounds, 12 of which were observed at different concentrations in all the sweet cherry genotypes while the others were genotype-dependent. Conservation and cultivation of autochthonous accessions with suitable nutritional and morpho-physiologic characteristics promotes our agrobiodiversity knowledge and allows to better plan future breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Magri
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Olive, Fruits, and Citrus Crops, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Livia Malorni
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council (CNR), Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Rosaria Cozzolino
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council (CNR), Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Adiletta
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Francesco Siano
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council (CNR), Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Gianluca Picariello
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council (CNR), Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Danilo Cice
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Olive, Fruits, and Citrus Crops, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Capriolo
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Olive, Fruits, and Citrus Crops, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Angelina Nunziata
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Olive, Fruits, and Citrus Crops, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Marisa Di Matteo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Milena Petriccione
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Olive, Fruits, and Citrus Crops, 81100 Caserta, Italy
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12
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Li X, Yu X, Luo K, Liu H, Fan X, Yin X, Zhao Q, Liu X, Yang Y. Exposure to metals and the disruption of sex hormones in 6-19 years old children: An exploration of mixture effects. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 241:113789. [PMID: 36586165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual metals have been linked to sex hormones disruption, but the associations of metals mixture are rarely examined among children. METHODS A total of 1060 participants of 6-19-year-old who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2016) were included. Eighteen metals were quantified in the whole blood and urine. Sex hormones were measured in serum, including total testosterone (TT), estradiol (E2), and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). In addition, free androgen index (FAI) and the ratio of TT to E2 were calculated. Bayesian kernel machine regression and latent class analysis were performed to assess the associations of metals mixture and exposure patterns of metals at varied levels with sex hormones while adjusting for selected covariates. All analyses were conducted by sex-age and sex-puberty groups to explore the potential sex-dimorphic effects. RESULTS Exposure to metals mixture was associated with elevated levels of FAI and E2 among 12-19 years old girls. Moreover, the exposure pattern of metals that was characterized by high levels of blood and urinary cadmium, blood manganese, and urinary cobalt was associated with elevated E2 and reduced TT/E2 levels among girls of 12-19 years old. However, the associations of metals mixture with sex hormones were overall nonsignificant among boys. Nevertheless, metals exposure pattern that was characterized by high levels of blood lead, urinary barium, strontium, and lead but comparatively low levels of the other metals was consistently associated with reduced levels of FAI and E2 but elevated levels of TT/E2 and SHBG among boys of 12-19 years old. CONCLUSION Metals mixture and exposure patterns that were dominated by high levels of certain metals were associated with sex hormones imbalance among 12-19 years old children in a sex-dimorphic pattern, with the identified individual metals that drove the associations of metals mixture varied by sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Li
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Xiaohan Yu
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Kai Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Huajian Liu
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Xu Fan
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Xiaoming Yin
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
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Yan Y, Liu Y, Lu M, Lu C, Ludlow RA, Yang M, Huang W, Liu Z, An H. Gene expression profiling in Rosa roxburghii fruit and overexpressing RrGGP2 in tobacco and tomato indicates the key control point of AsA biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1096493. [PMID: 36704162 PMCID: PMC9871823 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1096493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Rosa roxburghii Tratt. is an important commercial horticultural crop endemic to China, which is recognized for its extremely high content of L-ascorbic acid (AsA). To understand the mechanisms underlying AsA overproduction in fruit of R. roxburghii, content levels, accumulation rate, and the expression of genes putatively in the biosynthesis of AsA during fruit development have been characterized. The content of AsA increased with fruit weight during development, and AsA accumulation rate was found to be highest between 60 and 90 days after anthesis (DAA), with approximately 60% of the total amount being accumulated during this period. In vitro incubating analysis of 70DAA fruit flesh tissues confirmed that AsA was synthesized mainly via the L-galactose pathway although L-Gulono-1, 4-lactone was also an effective precursor elevating AsA biosynthesis. Furthermore, in transcript level, AsA content was significantly associated with GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase (RrGGP2) gene expression. Virus-induced RrGGP2 silencing reduced the AsA content in R. roxburghii fruit by 28.9%. Overexpressing RrGGP2 increased AsA content by 8-12-fold in tobacco leaves and 2.33-3.11-fold in tomato fruit, respectively, and it showed enhanced resistance to oxidative stress caused by paraquat in transformed tobacco. These results further justified the importance of RrGGP2 as a major control step to AsA biosynthesis in R. roxburghii fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Yan
- Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Rosa roxburghii, Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yiyi Liu
- Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Rosa roxburghii, Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Min Lu
- Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Rosa roxburghii, Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chen Lu
- Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Rosa roxburghii, Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | | | - Man Yang
- Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Rosa roxburghii, Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Rosa roxburghii, Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zeyang Liu
- Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Rosa roxburghii, Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - HuaMing An
- Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Rosa roxburghii, Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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14
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LU J, CHENG JH, XU Y, CHEN Y, QIAN K, ZHANG Y. Effect of germination on nutritional quality of soybean. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.008323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinting LU
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, China
| | | | - Yayuan XU
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, China
| | - Yujie CHEN
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, China
| | - Kun QIAN
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, China
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15
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Tracey CT, Kryuchkova AV, Bhatt TK, Krivoshapkin PV, Krivoshapkina EF. Silk for post-harvest horticultural produce safety and quality control. J FOOD ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2022.111231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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16
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Alipour S, Wojciechowska N, Bujarska-Borkowska B, Kalemba EM. Distinct redox state regulation in the seedling performance of Norway maple and sycamore. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2023; 136:83-96. [PMID: 36385674 PMCID: PMC9831958 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-022-01419-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Norway maple and sycamore, two Acer genus species, have an important ecological value and different sensitivity to stressing factors being currently aggravated by climate change. Seedling growth is postulated to be the main barrier for successful plant establishment under the climate change scenarios. Therefore, the differences in redox regulation during the seedling performance of Norway maple and sycamore were investigated. Seeds of the two Acer species exhibited an identical high germination capacity, whereas seedling emergence was higher in sycamores. PCA analyses revealed that there is more diversification in the leaf characteristics than roots. Norway maple displayed a higher chlorophyll content index (CCI) with a similar leaf mass whereas sycamore seedlings exhibited a higher normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), higher water content, higher root biomass and higher shoot height. Based on NDVI, sycamore seedlings appeared as very healthy plants, whereas Norway maple seedlings displayed a moderate healthy phenotype. Therefore, redox basis of seedling performance was investigated. The total pool of glutathione was four times higher in sycamore leaves than in Norway maple leaves and was reflected in highly reduced half-cell reduction potential of glutathione. Sycamore leaves contained more ascorbate because the content of its reduced form (AsA) was twice as high as in Norway maple. Therefore, the AsA/DHA ratio was balanced in sycamore leaves, reaching 1, and was halved in Norway maple leaves. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate content was twice as high in sycamore leaves than in Norway maples; however, its reduced form (NADPH) was predominant in Norway maple seedlings. Norway maple leaves exhibited the highest anabolic and catabolic redox charge. The higher reduction capacity and the activity of NADPH-dependent reductases in Norway maple leaves possibly resulted in higher CCI, whereas the larger root system contributed to higher NDVI in sycamore. The different methods of controlling redox parameters in Acer seedlings grown at controlled conditions provided here can be useful in understanding how tree species can cope with a changing environment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Alipour
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Parkowa 5, 62035, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Natalia Wojciechowska
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Parkowa 5, 62035, Kórnik, Poland
- Department of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Ewa Marzena Kalemba
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Parkowa 5, 62035, Kórnik, Poland.
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17
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Liang F, Xu W, Wu H, Zheng B, Liang Q, Li Y, Wang S. Widely targeted metabolite profiling of mango stem apex during floral induction by compond of mepiquat chloride, prohexadione-calcium and uniconazole. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14458. [PMID: 36530389 PMCID: PMC9753738 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insufficient low temperatures in winter and soil residues caused by paclobutrazol (PBZ) application pose a considerable challenge for mango floral induction (FI). Gibberellin inhibitors SPD (compound of mepiquat chloride, prohexadione-calcium and uniconazole) had a significant influence on enhancing the flowering rate and yield of mango for two consecutive years (2020-2021). Researchers have indicated that FI is regulated at the metabolic level; however, little is known about the metabolic changes during FI in response to SPD treatment. Methods Here, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS)-based widely targeted metabolomic analysis was carried out to assess the metabolic differences in the mango stem apex during different stage of mango FI (30, 80, 100 days after SPD/water treatment). Results A total of 582 compounds were annotated and 372 metabolites showed two-fold differences in abundance (variable importance in projection, VIP ≥ 1 and fold change, FC≥ 2 or≤ 0.5) between buds at 30, 80, 100 days after SPD/water treatment or between buds under different treatment. Lipids, phenolic acids, amino acids, carbohydrates, and vitamins were among metabolites showing significant differences over time after SPD treatment. Here, 18 out of 20 lipids, including the lysophosphatidylethanolamine (12, LPE), lysophosphatidylcholine (7, LPC), and free fatty acids (1, FA), were significantly upregulated from 80 to 100 days after SPD treatment comared to water treatment. Meanwhile, the dormancy release of mango buds from 80 to 100 days after SPD treatment was accompanied by the accumulation of proline, ascorbic acid, carbohydrates, and tannins. In addition, metabolites, such as L-homocysteine, L-histidine, and L-homomethionine, showed more than a ten-fold difference in relative abundance from 30 to 100 days after SPD treatment, however, there were no significant changes after water treatment. The present study reveals novel metabolites involved in mango FI in response to SPD, which would provide a theoretical basis for utilizing SPD to induce mango flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology of Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China,Binhai Agricultural College of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wentian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology of Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hongxia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology of Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology of Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qingzhi Liang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology of Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yingzhi Li
- Binhai Agricultural College of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Songbiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology of Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
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Cocetta G, Cavenago B, Bulgari R, Spinardi A. Benzothiadiazole enhances ascorbate recycling and polyphenols accumulation in blueberry in a cultivar-dependent manner. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1032133. [PMID: 36570922 PMCID: PMC9780449 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1032133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Benzothiadiazole (BTH) is a functional analogue of salicylic acid able to induce systemic acquired resistance in many horticultural crops. The aim of the work was to investigate how BTH may affect i) fruit quality, ii) ascorbic acid (AsA) oxidation and recycling metabolism and iii) phenolic compounds accumulation, during development and ripening of berries from the two selected cultivars. Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) plants (cv 'Brigitta' and 'Duke') were treated with 0.118 mM BTH every two weeks during ripening, then all fruits of each plant were harvested and divided in four developmental stages. Results indicated that BTH had no marked effects on fruit quality parameters. During the first developmental stage, BTH negatively affected dry matter in both cv, while soluble solids and AsA content were affected in 'Duke'. In fully ripe berries, BTH reduced dry matter in 'Duke' and enhanced soluble solids content in 'Brigitta', while diminishing titratable acidity. AsA content was positively affected by BTH in 'Duke', but not in 'Brigitta'. The effect of BTH on the enzymes involved in AsA recycling was recorded in berries at the third (fruit more than half pigmented) and fourth developmental stages. After treatment, in both cv ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity increased in fully ripe berries, while monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) activity was stimulated at the third ripening stage. Conversely, the activities of dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and glutathione reductase (GR) were enhanced only in 'Brigitta' and in 'Duke', respectively. BTH stimulated total polyphenols, flavonoid and anthocyanin accumulation in 'Brigitta' and in 'Duke' at the third and fourth ripening stages. In fully ripe berries, BTH enhanced the accumulation of delphinidins, cyanidins, petunidins and peonidins in 'Brigitta', while in 'Duke' it increased all classes of anthocyanidins, including malvidin. On the contrary, the relative proportion of the individual anthocyanins was only slightly affected by BTH treatment, mainly regarding delphinidin and malvidin at the third and fourth stage of ripening of 'Duke' and 'Brigitta', respectively. These results show that preharvest BTH application can positively impact on fruit bioactive compounds levels, affecting AsA recycling and content and increasing polyphenols accumulation in fruit, but partly depending on cv and ripening stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Cocetta
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Beatrice Cavenago
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberta Bulgari
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Sciences (DISAFA), Vegetable Crops and Medicinal and Aromatic Plants VEGMAP, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Anna Spinardi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Physical, Nutritional, and Bioactive Properties of Mandacaru Cladode Flour ( Cereus jamacaru DC.): An Unconventional Food Plant from the Semi-Arid Brazilian Northeast. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233814. [PMID: 36496622 PMCID: PMC9739843 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the physical, nutritional, and bioactive properties of mandacaru cladode flour (Cereus jamacaru DC.). The granulometric profile revealed particles with non-uniform geometry, flakiness, a rectangular tendency, and a non-homogeneous surface, with particle sizes ranging from 20 to 60 µm. The flour presented low water activity (0.423), a moisture content of 8.24 g/100 g, high ash (2.82 g/100 g), protein (5.18 g/100 g), and total carbohydrate contents (74.48 g/100 g), and low lipid contents (1.88 g/100 g). Mandacaru flour is an excellent source of insoluble dietary fiber (48.08 g/100 g), calcium (76.33%), magnesium (15.21%), and potassium (5.94%). Notably, 1H NMR analysis revealed the presence of N-methyltyramine. Using HPLC chromatography, glucose was identified as the predominant sugar (1.33 g/100 g), followed by four organic acids, especially malic acid (9.41 g/100 g) and citric acid (3.96 g/100 g). Eighteen phenolic compounds were detected, with relevant amounts of kaempferol (99.40 mg/100 g), myricetin (72.30 mg/100 g), and resveratrol (17.84 mg/100 g). The total phenolic compounds and flavonoids were 1285.47 mg GAE/100 g and 15.19 mg CE/100 g, respectively. The mean in vitro antioxidant activity values were higher using the FRAP method (249.45 µmol Trolox TEAC/100 g) compared to the ABTS•+ method (0.39 µmol Trolox TEAC/g). Finally, the ascorbic acid had a content of 35.22 mg/100 g. The results demonstrate the value of mandacaru as a little-explored species and an excellent matrix for the development of flours presenting good nutritional value and bioactive constituents with excellent antioxidant potential.
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Advances in Novel Animal Vitamin C Biosynthesis Pathways and the Role of Prokaryote-Based Inferences to Understand Their Origin. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101917. [PMID: 36292802 PMCID: PMC9602106 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C (VC) is an essential nutrient required for the optimal function and development of many organisms. VC has been studied for many decades, and still today, the characterization of its functions is a dynamic scientific field, mainly because of its commercial and therapeutic applications. In this review, we discuss, in a comparative way, the increasing evidence for alternative VC synthesis pathways in insects and nematodes, and the potential of myo-inositol as a possible substrate for this metabolic process in metazoans. Methodological approaches that may be useful for the future characterization of the VC synthesis pathways of Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster are here discussed. We also summarize the current distribution of the eukaryote aldonolactone oxidoreductases gene lineages, while highlighting the added value of studies on prokaryote species that are likely able to synthesize VC for both the characterization of novel VC synthesis pathways and inferences on the complex evolutionary history of such pathways. Such work may help improve the industrial production of VC.
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Oberschelp GPJ, Morales LL, Montecchiarini ML, Harrand L, Podestá FE, Margarit E. Harder, better, faster, stronger: Frost tolerance of Eucalyptus benthamii under cold acclimation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 186:64-75. [PMID: 35810688 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Eucalypts are the most planted hardwood trees worldwide because of their very rapid growth, exceptional wood quality and adaptability. However, most commercial species and derived hybrids are sensitive to frost, which remains as the largest obstacle to their introduction in warm/temperate climates. As evergreen species, Eucalypts have developed the ability to tolerate frost events based on physiological and molecular responses triggered by previous exposure to cold temperatures, globally named cold acclimation. To characterize the acclimation process in two species with different tolerance to frost, E. grandis (Eg) and E. benthamii (Eb), seedlings were exposed for different times to low temperatures. Frost tolerance was estimated in leaves by an electrolyte leakage assay, and metabolome and morpho-physiological changes studied and correlated to the observed acclimation responses. Eb showed higher basal frost tolerance and an earlier and stronger acclimation response to cold temperatures than in the frost sensitive Eg. Eb was able to modify several morpho-physiological parameters, with a restriction in plant height, leaf area and leaf fresh weight during acclimation. Metabolome characterization allowed us to differentiate species and strengthen our understanding of their acclimation response dynamics. Interestingly, Eb displayed an early phase of sugar accumulation followed by a rise of different metabolites with possible roles as osmolytes and antioxidants, that correlated to frost tolerance and may explain Eb higher capacity to acclimate. This novel approach has helped us to point to the main metabolic processes underlying the cold tolerance acquisition process in two relevant Eucalyptus species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luisina Lourdes Morales
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Suipacha 531, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | | | - Leonel Harrand
- EEA Concordia del INTA, Ruta 22 y vías del ferrocarril, Colonia Yeruá, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Florencio Esteban Podestá
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Suipacha 531, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Margarit
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Suipacha 531, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Najafi Zilaie M, Mosleh Arani A, Etesami H, Dinarvand M. Improved salinity and dust stress tolerance in the desert halophyte Haloxylon aphyllum by halotolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:948260. [PMID: 35991408 PMCID: PMC9382590 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.948260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Because of global warming, desertification is increasing. One of the best strategies for combating desertification is reforestation of forests and biological operations of vegetation. However, events like soil salinity and dust storms, as the most important manifestations of desertification, prevent vegetation from settling in these areas. In this study, the effects of two halotolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial strains, Bacillus pumilus HR and Zhihengliuella halotolerans SB, on physiological and nutritional status of the desert halophyte Haloxylon aphyllum under the stress of salinity (0, 300, and 600 mM NaCl) and dust (0 and 1.5 g m-2 month-1) were examined. Under dust application, the Z. halotolerans SB strain compared to the B. pumilus HR strain and the combination of these two bacterial strains improved the content of total chlorophyll (247 and 316%), carotenoid (94 and 107%), phosphorus (113 and 209%), magnesium (196 and 212%), and total dry biomass (13 and 28%) in H. aphyllum at salinity levels of 300 and 600 mM NaCl, respectively. Under conditions of combined application of dust and salinity, B. pumilus HR compared to Z. halotolerans SB and the combination of two strains at salinity levels of 300 and 600 mM NaCl, respectively, had better performance in increasing the content of iron (53 and 69%), calcium (38 and 161%), and seedling quality index (95 and 56%) in H. aphyllum. The results also showed that both bacterial strains and their combination were able to reduce the content of ascorbic acid, flavonoid, total phenol, proline, and malondialdehyde, and catalase activity, and ultimately improve the antioxidant capacity of H. aphyllum. This showed that the use of halotolerant rhizobacteria can stop the production of free radicals and thus prevent cell membrane damage and the formation of malondialdehyde under salinity and dust stress. The results of this study for the first time showed that halotolerant rhizobacteria can increase the seedling quality index of H. aphyllum under combined conditions of salinity and dust. The use of these bacteria can be useful in the optimal afforestation of H. aphyllum species in arid and semi-arid ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Najafi Zilaie
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Asghar Mosleh Arani
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hassan Etesami
- Department of Soil Science, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mehri Dinarvand
- Forests and Rangelands Research Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahvaz, Iran
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Chen F, Zhou L, Zhou B, Zhang S, Ma X, Zhou H, Tuo X. Elucidation on the interaction between transferrin and ascorbic acid: A study based on spectroscopic analysis, molecular docking technology, and antioxidant evaluation. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Singh S, Kumar V, Gupta P, Singh A. Conjoint application of novel bacterial isolates on dynamic changes in oxidative stress responses of axenic Brassica juncea L. in Hg-stress soils. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 434:128854. [PMID: 35429756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This experimental study explores the possible role of three Hg-resistant bacterial strains in the enhanced growth of the mustard plant (Brassica juncea) under Hg-stress conditions. Under different concentrations of Hg, a pot scale experiment with Brassica juncea L. was performed to investigate the potential of bacterial strains for phytoremediation under Hg stress conditions. The results showed that all three strains, as well as their consortium, were capable of stimulating plant growth, biomass, and anti-oxidative enzyme activities. In comparison to the individual strains, the consortiums of all three strains were more prominent in the intensification of Brassica juncea L. physiological activity. Under Hg-stress conditions, all three strains increased the level of antioxidative content in Brassica juncea, indicating an increase in enzyme activity to cope with oxidative stress. Among all the three strains, Citrobacter Freundii (IITISM25) showed the highest accumulation potential in B. juncea followed by Morganella morganii (IITISM23) and Brevundimonas Dimunta (IITISM22). Hence, the results suggest that the IITISM22, IITISM23, IITISM25 strains and their consortium are very effective in phytoremediation and promote Brassica juncea growth under Hg-stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Singh
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad 826 004, Jharkhand, India
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad 826 004, Jharkhand, India.
| | - Pratishtha Gupta
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad 826 004, Jharkhand, India
| | - Ankur Singh
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad 826 004, Jharkhand, India
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Xing X, Liu M, Zhou R, Jiang F, Bai Y, Wei H, Zhang D, Wei J, Wu Z. Ascorbic acid addition during dehydration improves garlic shoot tip cryopreservation but does not affect viral load. Cryobiology 2022; 107:64-73. [PMID: 35568161 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreservation is known be an effective method for virus elimination in garlic. However, oxidative damage during the cryopreservation seriously affects the survival of garlic after cryopreservation. Ascorbic acid (AsA) can reduce oxidative damage and improve regrowth following cryopreservation, and its effect may be influenced by the step during which it is added. In this study, AsA was added at the osmoprotection (O) and dehydration (DE) steps of cryopreservation. By observing the dynamic changes in cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) components with different AsA treatments, AsA has been linked to the reduced accumulation of ROS in the shoot tips. Increased gene expression levels of antioxidant enzymes also explained the ROS scavenging effect of AsA. The correlation analysis between cell viability, ROS, membrane lipid peroxidation-related indicators and antioxidant-related indicators showed that membrane lipid peroxidation caused by excess ROS was the main factor affecting cell viability. Ascorbic acid added during dehydration minimized the accumulation of ROS from dehydration to dilution and alleviated the oxidative damage during cryopreservation. Thus, the survival and regrowth of the garlic was significantly improved after cryopreservation. Dehydration was found to be the suitable step for the addition of AsA during garlic cryopreservation. We further evaluated the virus elimination effect under optimal AsA treatment. However, there was no significant difference in virus content in regenerated plants when compared with the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Xing
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangling Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunhe Bai
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanyu Wei
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Deng Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Wei
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China.
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Morrison JA, Roche B, Veatch‐Blohm M. Woody plant secondary chemicals increase in response to abundant deer and arrival of invasive plants in suburban forests. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8814. [PMID: 35432930 PMCID: PMC9006230 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants in suburban forests of eastern North America face the dual stressors of high white‐tailed deer density and invasion by nonindigenous plants. Chronic deer herbivory combined with strong competition from invasive plants could alter a plant's stress‐ and defense‐related secondary chemistry, especially for long‐lived juvenile trees in the understory, but this has not been studied. We measured foliar total antioxidants, phenolics, and flavonoids in juveniles of two native trees, Fraxinus pennsylvanica (green ash) and Fagus grandifolia (American beech), growing in six forests in the suburban landscape of central New Jersey, USA. The trees grew in experimental plots subjected for 2.5 years to factorial treatments of deer access/exclosure × addition/no addition of the nonindigenous invasive grass Microstegium vimineum (Japanese stiltgrass). As other hypothesized drivers of plant secondary chemistry, we also measured nonstiltgrass herb layer cover, light levels, and water availability. Univariate mixed model analysis of the deer and stiltgrass effects and multivariate structural equation modeling (SEM) of all variables showed that both greater stiltgrass cover and greater deer pressure induced antioxidants, phenolics, and flavonoids, with some variation between species. Deer were generally the stronger factor, and stiltgrass effects were most apparent at high stiltgrass density. SEM also revealed that soil dryness directly increased the chemicals; deer had additional positive, but indirect, effects via influence on the soil; in beech photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) positively affected flavonoids; and herb layer cover had no effect. Juvenile trees’ chemical defense/stress responses to deer and invasive plants can be protective, but also could have a physiological cost, with negative consequences for recruitment to the canopy. Ecological implications for species and their communities will depend on costs and benefits of stress/defense chemistry in the specific environmental context, particularly with respect to invasive plant competitiveness, extent of invasion, local deer density, and deer browse preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet A. Morrison
- Department of Biology The College of New Jersey Ewing New Jersey USA
| | - Bernadette Roche
- Department of Biology Loyola University Maryland Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Maren Veatch‐Blohm
- Department of Biology Loyola University Maryland Baltimore Maryland USA
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Prospects for the Use of Echinochloa frumentacea for Phytoremediation of Soils with Multielement Anomalies. SOIL SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems6010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In a model experiment, some adaptive characteristics, the bioaccumulation of toxic elements from technogenically-contaminated soils with polyelement anomalies, and rhizosphere microflora of Japanese millet, Echinochloa frumentacea, were studied using biochemical, microbiological, physicochemical (AAS, ICP-MS, INAA), and metagenomic (16S rRNA) methods of analysis. Good adaptive characteristics (the content of photosynthetic pigments, low molecular weight antioxidants) of E. frumentacea grown on the soils of metallurgical enterprises were revealed. The toxic effect of soils with strong polyelement anomalies (multiple excesses of MPC for Cr, Ni, Zn, As, petroleum products) on biometric parameters and adaptive characteristics of Japanese millet were shown. The rhizosphere populations of E. frumentacea grown in the background soil were characterized by the lowest taxonomic diversity compared to the rhizobiomes of plants grown in contaminated urban soils. The minimal number of all groups of microorganisms studied was noted in the soils, which contain the highest concentrations of both inorganic (heavy metals) and organic (oil products) pollutants. The taxonomic structure of the rhizospheric microbiomes of E. frumentacea was characterized. It has been established that E. frumentacea accumulated Mn, Co, As, and Cd from soils with polyelement pollution within the average values. V was accumulated mainly in the root system (transfer factor from roots to shoots 0.01–0.05) and its absorption mechanism is rhizofiltration. The removal of Zn by shoots of E. frumentacea increased on soils where the content of the element exceeded the MPC and was 100–454 mg/kg of dry weight (168–508 g/ha). Analysis of the obtained data makes it possible to recommend E. frumentacea for phytoremediation of soil from Cu and Zn at a low level of soil polyelement contamination using grass mixtures.
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How to Cope with the Challenges of Environmental Stresses in the Era of Global Climate Change: An Update on ROS Stave off in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041995. [PMID: 35216108 PMCID: PMC8879091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the advent of human civilization and anthropogenic activities in the shade of urbanization and global climate change, plants are exposed to a complex set of abiotic stresses. These stresses affect plants’ growth, development, and yield and cause enormous crop losses worldwide. In this alarming scenario of global climate conditions, plants respond to such stresses through a highly balanced and finely tuned interaction between signaling molecules. The abiotic stresses initiate the quick release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as toxic by-products of altered aerobic metabolism during different stress conditions at the cellular level. ROS includes both free oxygen radicals {superoxide (O2•−) and hydroxyl (OH−)} as well as non-radicals [hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and singlet oxygen (1O2)]. ROS can be generated and scavenged in different cell organelles and cytoplasm depending on the type of stimulus. At high concentrations, ROS cause lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, protein oxidation, and necrosis, but at low to moderate concentrations, they play a crucial role as secondary messengers in intracellular signaling cascades. Because of their concentration-dependent dual role, a huge number of molecules tightly control the level of ROS in cells. The plants have evolved antioxidants and scavenging machinery equipped with different enzymes to maintain the equilibrium between the production and detoxification of ROS generated during stress. In this present article, we have focused on current insights on generation and scavenging of ROS during abiotic stresses. Moreover, the article will act as a knowledge base for new and pivotal studies on ROS generation and scavenging.
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NAD(P)H Drives the Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle and Abundance of Catalase in Developing Beech Seeds Differently in Embryonic Axes and Cotyledons. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10122021. [PMID: 34943124 PMCID: PMC8698623 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10122021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
European beech is an important component of European lowland forests in terms of ecology, and produces irregular seeds categorized as intermediate due to their limited longevity. Removal of the excess of reactive oxygen species is crucial for redox homeostasis in growing plant tissues. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is detoxified via the plant-specific ascorbate-glutathione cycle, and enzymatically, mainly by catalase (CAT). The reduced and oxidized (redox) forms of ascorbate (AsA, DHA) and glutathione (GSH, GSSG) decreased during maturation as the content of redox forms of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH, NAD+) phosphate (NADPH, NADP+), cofactors of ascorbate–glutathione enzymes, declined and limited this cycle. The degree of oxidation of glutathione peaked at approximately 80%, at the exact time when the NADP content was the lowest and the NADPH/NADP+ ratio reached the highest values. The glutathione pool was reflected in changes in the NADP pool, both in embryonic axes (R2 = 0.61) and in cotyledons (R2 = 0.98). A large excess of NADPH was reported in embryonic axes, whereas cotyledons displayed more unified levels of NADP redox forms. As a result, anabolic redox charge and reducing power were higher in embryonic axes. CAT was recognized as two proteins, and the abundance of the 55 kDa protein was correlated with all redox forms of ascorbate, glutathione, NAD, and NADP, whereas the 37 kDa protein was oppositely regulated in embryonic axes and cotyledons. Here, we discuss the role of NAD(P) in the regulation of the ascorbate–glutathione cycle, catalase, and seed longevity concerning a putative role of NAD(P)H as a redox biomarker involved in predefining seed quality, because NAD(P)H-derived redox homeostasis was found to be better controlled in embryonic axes than cotyledons.
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Shamsi SRHAA, Rabert GA, Kurup SS, Alyafei MAM, Jaleel A. Biochemical Changes and Antioxidant Variations in Date Palm ( Phoenix dactylifera L.) Varieties during Flower Induction and Development. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2550. [PMID: 34834913 PMCID: PMC8617858 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation was carried out to explore the biochemical changes and antioxidant variations, including non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant variations, in the leaves of different varieties of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) belonging to the early, mid-, and late-flowering categories in the United Arab Emirates. The changes in the protein and phenol concentration; the ascorbic acid, reduced glutathione, and α-tocopherol contents; and the activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase were studied in the leaves during the preflowering, flowering, and postflowering stages of the date palms. Two varieties each from the early (Shaham, Khanezi), mid- (Barhee, Nabthasaif), and late- (Khasab, Fardh) flowering types were used in this study. The protein content in the leaves was higher in the early flowering varieties during the preflowering stage but lower in the other two varieties. The phenol content showed an opposite trend to the protein. There was significant variation in the ascorbic acid content and a reduction in glutathione and α-tocopherol between the leaves of different varieties. Similarly, the activity of the antioxidant enzyme ascorbate peroxidase in the leaves was higher during the preflowering stage in all varieties. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and catalase (CAT) activity was highest in the Bharhee leaves for all the stages. The peroxidase activity (POD) was highest in the Fardh variety of date palm, whereas the Khanezi variety exhibited the lowest activity. This study can be used as a baseline for developing more protocols for understanding the possible roles of biochemicals, antioxidants, antioxidant enzymes, and their interactions in the regulation of flower development in different date palm varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed R. H. A. Al Shamsi
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (S.R.H.A.A.S.); (G.A.R.); (S.S.K.); (M.A.M.A.)
- Northern Area Manager in Agriculture Affairs—Technical Services, Agricultural Extension Section, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 52150, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gabriel A. Rabert
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (S.R.H.A.A.S.); (G.A.R.); (S.S.K.); (M.A.M.A.)
- PG & Research Department of Botany, A.V.C. College (Autonomous—Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Mannampandal, Mayiladuthurai 609 305, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Shyam S. Kurup
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (S.R.H.A.A.S.); (G.A.R.); (S.S.K.); (M.A.M.A.)
| | - Mohammed Abdul Muhsen Alyafei
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (S.R.H.A.A.S.); (G.A.R.); (S.S.K.); (M.A.M.A.)
| | - Abdul Jaleel
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (S.R.H.A.A.S.); (G.A.R.); (S.S.K.); (M.A.M.A.)
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31
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Żur I, Kopeć P, Surówka E, Dubas E, Krzewska M, Nowicka A, Janowiak F, Juzoń K, Janas A, Barna B, Fodor J. Impact of Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle Components on the Effectiveness of Embryogenesis Induction in Isolated Microspore Cultures of Barley and Triticale. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1254. [PMID: 34439502 PMCID: PMC8389252 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced antioxidant defence plays an essential role in plant survival under stress conditions. However, excessive antioxidant activity sometimes suppresses the signal necessary for the initiation of the desired biological reactions. One such example is microspore embryogenesis (ME)-a process of embryo-like structure formation triggered by stress in immature male gametophytes. The study focused on the role of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defence in triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) microspore reprogramming. ME was induced through various stress treatments of tillers and its effectiveness was analysed in terms of ascorbate and glutathione contents, total activity of low molecular weight antioxidants and activities of glutathione-ascorbate cycle enzymes. The most effective treatment for both species was a combination of low temperature and exogenous application of 0.3 M mannitol, with or without 0.3 mM reduced glutathione. The applied treatments induced genotype-specific defence responses. In triticale, both ascorbate and glutathione were associated with ME induction, though the role of glutathione did not seem to be related to its function as a reducing agent. In barley, effective ME was accompanied by an accumulation of ascorbate and high activity of enzymes regulating its redox status, without direct relation to glutathione content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Żur
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (E.S.); (E.D.); (M.K.); (A.N.); (F.J.); (K.J.); (A.J.)
| | - Przemysław Kopeć
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (E.S.); (E.D.); (M.K.); (A.N.); (F.J.); (K.J.); (A.J.)
| | - Ewa Surówka
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (E.S.); (E.D.); (M.K.); (A.N.); (F.J.); (K.J.); (A.J.)
| | - Ewa Dubas
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (E.S.); (E.D.); (M.K.); (A.N.); (F.J.); (K.J.); (A.J.)
| | - Monika Krzewska
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (E.S.); (E.D.); (M.K.); (A.N.); (F.J.); (K.J.); (A.J.)
| | - Anna Nowicka
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (E.S.); (E.D.); (M.K.); (A.N.); (F.J.); (K.J.); (A.J.)
| | - Franciszek Janowiak
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (E.S.); (E.D.); (M.K.); (A.N.); (F.J.); (K.J.); (A.J.)
| | - Katarzyna Juzoń
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (E.S.); (E.D.); (M.K.); (A.N.); (F.J.); (K.J.); (A.J.)
| | - Agnieszka Janas
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (E.S.); (E.D.); (M.K.); (A.N.); (F.J.); (K.J.); (A.J.)
| | - Balázs Barna
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman Ottó út 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary; (B.B.); (J.F.)
| | - József Fodor
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman Ottó út 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary; (B.B.); (J.F.)
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Santin M, Ranieri A, Castagna A. Anything New under the Sun? An Update on Modulation of Bioactive Compounds by Different Wavelengths in Agricultural Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1485. [PMID: 34371687 PMCID: PMC8309429 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Plants continuously rely on light as an energy source and as the driver of many processes in their lifetimes. The ability to perceive different light radiations involves several photoreceptors, which in turn activate complex signalling cascades that ultimately lead to a rearrangement in plant metabolism as an adaptation strategy towards specific light conditions. This review, after a brief summary of the structure and mode of action of the different photoreceptors, introduces the main classes of secondary metabolites and specifically focuses on the influence played by the different wavelengths on the content of these compounds in agricultural plants, because of their recognised roles as nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Santin
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Annamaria Ranieri
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.S.); (A.R.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonella Castagna
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.S.); (A.R.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
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Sarkar S, Mondal K, Sanyal S, Chakrabarty M. Study of biochemical factors in assessing air pollution tolerance index of selected plant species in and around Durgapur industrial belt, India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:474. [PMID: 34228216 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09253-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasing levels of pollution put plants under stress, leading to changes in their biochemical factors, which can be measured using the pollution tolerance index (APTI). APTI is a measure of environmental stress on flora, and it is calculated using four parameters (chlorophyll, ascorbic acid, relative water content, and pH). Earlier work in the same belt showed a positive correlation between stress and APTI but concentrated on woody trees only. This study was conducted in the Durgapur industrial belt, West Bengal, from August 2019 to February 2020. Eighteen plant species (herbs) were collected, assessed, and categorized as sensitive, intermediate, and tolerant based on their seasonal APTI values. Results showed that Solanum sisymbriifolium fell in the intermediate range in all three seasons. Persicaria sp. was identified as a tolerant species throughout and could be used to form a green belt. Persicaria orientalis was a sensitive species and can be used as an indicator of pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchari Sarkar
- PG Department of Conservation Biology, Durgapur Government College, Jawahar Lal Nehru Avenue, Durgapur, 713214, India
| | - Kajori Mondal
- PG Department of Conservation Biology, Durgapur Government College, Jawahar Lal Nehru Avenue, Durgapur, 713214, India
| | - Sanghamitra Sanyal
- PG Department of Conservation Biology, Durgapur Government College, Jawahar Lal Nehru Avenue, Durgapur, 713214, India
| | - Moitreyee Chakrabarty
- PG Department of Conservation Biology, Durgapur Government College, Jawahar Lal Nehru Avenue, Durgapur, 713214, India.
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Martínez C, Valenzuela JL, Jamilena M. Genetic and Pre- and Postharvest Factors Influencing the Content of Antioxidants in Cucurbit Crops. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060894. [PMID: 34199481 PMCID: PMC8228042 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cucurbitaceae is one of the most economically important plant families, and includes some worldwide cultivated species like cucumber, melons, and squashes, and some regionally cultivated and feral species that contribute to the human diet. For centuries, cucurbits have been appreciated because of their nutritional value and, in traditional medicine, because of their ability to alleviate certain ailments. Several studies have demonstrated the remarkable contents of valuable compounds in cucurbits, including antioxidants such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and carotenoids, but also tannins and terpenoids, which are abundant. This antioxidant power is beneficial for human health, but also in facing plant diseases and abiotic stresses. This review brings together data on the antioxidant properties of cucurbit species, addressing the genetic and pre- and postharvest factors that regulate the antioxidant content in different plant organs. Environmental conditions, management, storage, and pre- and postharvest treatments influencing the biosynthesis and activity of antioxidants, together with the biodiversity of this family, are determinant in improving the antioxidant potential of this group of species. Plant breeding, as well as the development of innovative biotechnological approaches, is also leading to new possibilities for exploiting cucurbits as functional products.
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Anisimova OK, Shchennikova AV, Kochieva EZ, Filyushin MA. Identification and Variability of the GDP-L-Galactose Phosphosphorylase Gene ApGGP1 in Leek Cultivars. RUSS J GENET+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795421030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Foliar application of ascorbic acid enhances salinity stress tolerance in barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) through modulation of morpho-physio-biochemical attributes, ions uptake, osmo-protectants and stress response genes expression. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:4276-4290. [PMID: 34354410 PMCID: PMC8324950 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a major cereal grain and is known as a halophyte (a halophyte is a salt-tolerant plant that grows in soil or waters of high salinity). We therefore conducted a pot experiment to explore plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange attributes, stomatal properties, oxidative stress and antioxidant response and their associated gene expression and absorption of ions in H. Vulgare. The soil used for this analysis was artificially spiked at different salinity concentrations (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM) and different levels of ascorbic acid (AsA) were supplied to plants (0, 30 and 60 mM) shortly after germination of the seed. The results of the present study showed that plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange parameters, stomatal properties and ion uptake were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by salinity stress, whereas oxidative stress was induced in plants by generating the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant cells/tissues compared to plants grown in the control treatment. Initially, the activity of antioxidant enzymes and relative gene expression increased to a saline level of 100 mM, and then decreased significantly (P < 0.05) by increasing the saline level (150 mM) in the soil compared to plants grown at 0 mM of salinity. We also elucidated that negative impact of salt stress in H. vulgare plants can overcome by the exogenous application of AsA, which not only increased morpho-physiological traits but decreased oxidative stress in the plants by increasing activities of enzymatic antioxidants. We have also explained the negative effect of salt stress on H. vulgare can decrease by exogenous application of AsA, which not only improved morpho-physiological characteristics, ions accumulation in the roots and shoots of the plants, but decreased oxidative stress in plants by increasing antioxidant compounds (enzymatic and non-enzymatic). Taken together, recognizing AsA's role in nutrient uptake introduces new possibilities for agricultural use of this compound and provides a valuable basis for improving plant tolerance and adaptability to potential salinity stress adjustment.
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Godoy F, Olivos-Hernández K, Stange C, Handford M. Abiotic Stress in Crop Species: Improving Tolerance by Applying Plant Metabolites. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020186. [PMID: 33498148 PMCID: PMC7908993 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Reductions in crop yields brought about by abiotic stress are expected to increase as climate change, and other factors, generate harsher environmental conditions in regions traditionally used for cultivation. Although breeding and genetically modified and edited organisms have generated many varieties with greater abiotic stress tolerance, their practical use depends on lengthy processes, such as biological cycles and legal aspects. On the other hand, a non-genetic approach to improve crop yield in stress conditions involves the exogenous application of natural compounds, including plant metabolites. In this review, we examine the recent literature related to the application of different natural primary (proline, l-tryptophan, glutathione, and citric acid) and secondary (polyols, ascorbic acid, lipoic acid, glycine betaine, α-tocopherol, and melatonin) plant metabolites in improving tolerance to abiotic stress. We focus on drought, saline, heavy metal, and temperature as environmental parameters that are forecast to become more extreme or frequent as the climate continues to alter. The benefits of such applications are often evaluated by measuring their effects on metabolic, biochemical, and morphological parameters in a variety of crop plants, which usually result in improved yields when applied in greenhouse conditions or in the field. As this strategy has proven to be an effective way to raise plant tolerance to abiotic stress, we also discuss the prospect of its widespread implementation in the short term.
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Effect of Crude Oil on Growth, Oxidative Stress and Response of Antioxidative System of Two Rye ( Secale cereale L.) Varieties. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10010157. [PMID: 33466945 PMCID: PMC7830248 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Rye (Secale cereale L.) is one of the most important cereal crops in Eastern and Northern Europe, showing better tolerance to environmental stress factors compared to wheat and triticale. Plant response to the crude oil-polluted soil depends on plant species, oil concentration, time of exposure, etc. The current study is aimed at investigating the growth, oxidative stress and the response of antioxidative system of two rye varieties (Krona and Valdai) cultivated on crude oil-contaminated soils at different concentrations (1.5, 3.0, 6.0, and 12.0%). Inhibition of rye growth was observed at crude oil concentrations of above 3% for above-ground plant parts and of above 1.5% for roots. A decrease in content of chlorophyll a and total chlorophylls in Krona variety was detected at 1.5% oil concentration in soil and in Valdai variety at 3% oil concentration. Compared with the control, the content of malondialdehyde was significantly increased in the Krona variety at 3% oil concentration and in Valdai variety at 6% oil concentration. The crude oil-induced oxidative stress was minimized in rye plants by the enhanced contents of low-molecular antioxidants (proline, non-protein thiols, ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds) and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione peroxidase. The strongest positive correlation was detected between the content of malondialdehyde and contents of proline (r = 0.89–0.95, p ≤ 0.05) and phenolic compounds (r = 0.90–0.94, p ≤ 0.05) as well as superoxide dismutase activity (r = 0.81–0.90, p ≤ 0.05). Based on the results of a comprehensive analysis of growth and biochemical parameters and of the cluster analysis, Valdai variety proved to be more resistant to oil pollution. Due to this, Valdai variety is considered to be a promising rye variety for cultivation on moderately oil-polluted soils in order to decontaminate them. At the same time, it is necessary to conduct further studies aimed at investigating oil transformation processes in the soil-rye system, which would make it possible to determine the efficiency of using this cereal for soil remediation.
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Xiao M, Li Z, Zhu L, Wang J, Zhang B, Zheng F, Zhao B, Zhang H, Wang Y, Zhang Z. The Multiple Roles of Ascorbate in the Abiotic Stress Response of Plants: Antioxidant, Cofactor, and Regulator. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:598173. [PMID: 33912200 PMCID: PMC8072462 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.598173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbate (ASC) plays a critical role in plant stress response. The antioxidant role of ASC has been well-studied, but there are still several confusing questions about the function of ASC in plant abiotic stress response. ASC can scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and should be helpful for plant stress tolerance. But in some cases, increasing ASC content impairs plant abiotic stress tolerance, whereas, inhibiting ASC synthesis or regeneration enhances plant stress tolerance. This confusing phenomenon indicates that ASC may have multiple roles in plant abiotic stress response not just as an antioxidant, though many studies more or less ignored other roles of ASC in plant. In fact, ACS also can act as the cofactor of some enzymes, which are involved in the synthesis, metabolism, and modification of a variety of substances, which has important effects on plant stress response. In addition, ASC can monitor and effectively regulate cell redox status. Therefore, we believe that ASC has atleast triple roles in plant abiotic stress response: as the antioxidant to scavenge accumulated ROS, as the cofactor to involve in plant metabolism, or as the regulator to coordinate the actions of various signal pathways under abiotic stress. The role of ASC in plant abiotic stress response is important and complex. The detail role of ASC in plant abiotic stress response should be analyzed according to specific physiological process in specific organ. In this review, we discuss the versatile roles of ASC in the response of plants to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minggang Xiao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zixuan Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Fuyu Zheng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Beiping Zhao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Haiwen Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Yujie Wang,
| | - Zhijin Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhijin Zhang,
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Ali M, Tumbeh Lamin-Samu A, Muhammad I, Farghal M, Khattak AM, Jan I, ul Haq S, Khan A, Gong ZH, Lu G. Melatonin Mitigates the Infection of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides via Modulation of the Chitinase Gene and Antioxidant Activity in Capsicum annuum L. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 10:antiox10010007. [PMID: 33374725 PMCID: PMC7822495 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, is one of the most damaging pepper (Capsicum annum L.) disease. Melatonin induces transcription of defense-related genes that enhance resistance to pathogens and mediate physiological activities in plants. To study whether the melatonin-mediated pathogen resistance is associated with chitinase gene (CaChiIII2), pepper plants and Arabidopsis seeds were treated with melatonin, then CaChiIII2 activation, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels, and antioxidant enzymes activity during plant–pathogen interactions were investigated. Melatonin pretreatment uncoupled the knockdown of CaChiIII2 and transiently activated its expression level in both control and CaChiIII2-silenced pepper plants and enhanced plant resistance. Suppression of CaChiIII2 in pepper plants showed a significant decreased in the induction of defense-related genes and resistance to pathogens compared with control plants. Moreover, melatonin efficiently enabled plants to maintain intracellular H2O2 concentrations at steady-state levels and enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes, which possibly improved disease resistance. The activation of the chitinase gene CaChiIII2 in transgenic Arabidopsis lines was elevated under C. gloeosporioides infection and exhibited resistance through decreasing H2O2 biosynthesis and maintaining H2O2 at a steady-state level. Whereas melatonin primed CaChiIII2-overexpressed (OE) and wild-type (WT) Arabidopsis seedlings displayed a remarkable increase in root-length compared to the unprimed WT plants. Using an array of CaChiIII2 knockdown and OE, we found that melatonin efficiently induced CaChiIII2 and other pathogenesis-related genes expressions, responsible for the innate immunity response of pepper against anthracnose disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.A.); (A.T.L.-S.); (M.F.)
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Anthony Tumbeh Lamin-Samu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.A.); (A.T.L.-S.); (M.F.)
| | - Izhar Muhammad
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;
| | - Mohamed Farghal
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.A.); (A.T.L.-S.); (M.F.)
| | - Abdul Mateen Khattak
- Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan; (A.M.K.); (S.u.H.)
| | - Ibadullah Jan
- Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 9291, Pakistan;
| | - Saeed ul Haq
- Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan; (A.M.K.); (S.u.H.)
| | - Abid Khan
- Department of Horticulture, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan;
| | - Zhen-Hui Gong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Correspondence: (Z.-H.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Gang Lu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.A.); (A.T.L.-S.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence: (Z.-H.G.); (G.L.)
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Kuzmin P, Bukharina I, Kuzmina A. Biochemical characteristics of urban maple trees. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:2912-2916. [PMID: 33100846 PMCID: PMC7569143 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The study, which covers the period between 2014 and 2018, was carried out in the city of Naberezhnye Chelny, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. The aim of the study was to examine the biochemical response of maple trees growing in the anthropogenic environments. Leaf samples from 600 trees (Acer platanoides L. and Acer negundo L.) were collected at monthly intervals from June through August. Sampling was performed early in the morning (11 a.m.) in the middle of the month. The study offers statistical data on the tannin content, determined via permanganometry; the ascorbic acid concentration, found via titration with 2.6-dichlorophenolindophenol; the ascorbate oxidase activity determined by absorbance at 265 nm; and the polyphenol oxidase activity, found by the spectrophotometric method. Relatively higher ascorbate oxidase activity was detected in August among ash-leaved Acer platanoides L. and Acer negundo L. in areas with strong anthropogenic impact. Due to increased air pollution, maple trees were found to exhibit an increase of polyphenol oxidase activities. The condensed tannin content in Norway maple trees dropped over time: by 1.24 in July (avenue); by 0.94 (buffer area) and 0.76 (avenue) in August. The condensed tannin content in the ash-leaved maple trees also decreased: by 0.69 (buffer area) and 0.22 (avenue) in July; by 0.37 (buffer area) and 0.61(avenue) in August.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Kuzmin
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Yelabuga Institute of Kazan Federal University, Kazan str., 89, Yelabuga 423600, Russian Federation
- Corresponding author: Kazan str., 89, Yelabuga 423600, Russian Federation.
| | - Irina Bukharina
- Institute of Civil Protection, Udmurt State University, Universitetskaya str., 1, Izhevsk 426069, Russian Federation
| | - Ajgul Kuzmina
- Department of Forest Management and Ecology, Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy, Student str., 11, Izhevsk 426069, Russian Federation
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Llauradó Maury G, Méndez Rodríguez D, Hendrix S, Escalona Arranz JC, Fung Boix Y, Pacheco AO, García Díaz J, Morris-Quevedo HJ, Ferrer Dubois A, Aleman EI, Beenaerts N, Méndez-Santos IE, Orberá Ratón T, Cos P, Cuypers A. Antioxidants in Plants: A Valorization Potential Emphasizing the Need for the Conservation of Plant Biodiversity in Cuba. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1048. [PMID: 33121046 PMCID: PMC7693031 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are phytochemical hubs containing antioxidants, essential for normal plant functioning and adaptation to environmental cues and delivering beneficial properties for human health. Therefore, knowledge on the antioxidant potential of different plant species and their nutraceutical and pharmaceutical properties is of utmost importance. Exploring this scientific research field provides fundamental clues on (1) plant stress responses and their adaptive evolution to harsh environmental conditions and (2) (new) natural antioxidants with a functional versatility to prevent and treat human pathologies. These natural antioxidants can be valorized via plant-derived foods and products. Cuba contains an enormously rich plant biodiversity harboring a great antioxidant potential. Besides opening new avenues for the implementation of sustainable agroecological practices in crop production, it will also contribute to new strategies to preserve plant biodiversity and simultaneously improve nature management policies in Cuba. This review provides an overview on the beneficial properties of antioxidants for plant protection and human health and is directed to the valorization of these plant antioxidants, emphasizing the need for biodiversity conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Llauradó Maury
- Centre of Studies for Industrial Biotechnology (CEBI), University of Oriente, Avenida Patricio Lumumba s/n, Reparto Jiménez, Santiago de Cuba CP 90500, Cuba; (G.L.M.); (H.J.M.-Q.); (T.O.R.)
| | - Daniel Méndez Rodríguez
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Camagüey, Carretera Circunvalación Norte, km 5 ½, Camagüey CP 70100, Cuba; (D.M.R.); (I.E.M.-S.)
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Campus Diepenbeek, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, BE-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.H.); (N.B.)
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sophie Hendrix
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Campus Diepenbeek, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, BE-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.H.); (N.B.)
| | - Julio César Escalona Arranz
- Pharmacy Department, University of Oriente, Avenida Patricio Lumumba s/n, Reparto Jiménez, Santiago de Cuba CP 90500, Cuba; (J.C.E.A.); (A.O.P.); (J.G.D.)
| | - Yilan Fung Boix
- National Center of Applied Electromagnetism, University of Oriente, Avenida Las Américas s/n, P.O. Box 4078, Santiago de Cuba CP 90400, Cuba; (Y.F.B.); (A.F.D.); (E.I.A.)
| | - Ania Ochoa Pacheco
- Pharmacy Department, University of Oriente, Avenida Patricio Lumumba s/n, Reparto Jiménez, Santiago de Cuba CP 90500, Cuba; (J.C.E.A.); (A.O.P.); (J.G.D.)
| | - Jesús García Díaz
- Pharmacy Department, University of Oriente, Avenida Patricio Lumumba s/n, Reparto Jiménez, Santiago de Cuba CP 90500, Cuba; (J.C.E.A.); (A.O.P.); (J.G.D.)
| | - Humberto J. Morris-Quevedo
- Centre of Studies for Industrial Biotechnology (CEBI), University of Oriente, Avenida Patricio Lumumba s/n, Reparto Jiménez, Santiago de Cuba CP 90500, Cuba; (G.L.M.); (H.J.M.-Q.); (T.O.R.)
| | - Albys Ferrer Dubois
- National Center of Applied Electromagnetism, University of Oriente, Avenida Las Américas s/n, P.O. Box 4078, Santiago de Cuba CP 90400, Cuba; (Y.F.B.); (A.F.D.); (E.I.A.)
| | - Elizabeth Isaac Aleman
- National Center of Applied Electromagnetism, University of Oriente, Avenida Las Américas s/n, P.O. Box 4078, Santiago de Cuba CP 90400, Cuba; (Y.F.B.); (A.F.D.); (E.I.A.)
| | - Natalie Beenaerts
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Campus Diepenbeek, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, BE-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.H.); (N.B.)
| | - Isidro E. Méndez-Santos
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Camagüey, Carretera Circunvalación Norte, km 5 ½, Camagüey CP 70100, Cuba; (D.M.R.); (I.E.M.-S.)
| | - Teresa Orberá Ratón
- Centre of Studies for Industrial Biotechnology (CEBI), University of Oriente, Avenida Patricio Lumumba s/n, Reparto Jiménez, Santiago de Cuba CP 90500, Cuba; (G.L.M.); (H.J.M.-Q.); (T.O.R.)
| | - Paul Cos
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ann Cuypers
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Campus Diepenbeek, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, BE-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.H.); (N.B.)
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Wawrzyniak MK, Kalemba EM, Ratajczak E, Chmielarz P. Oxidation processes related to seed storage and seedling growth of Malus sylvestris, Prunus avium and Prunus padus. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234510. [PMID: 32555619 PMCID: PMC7302524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Seeds stored in controlled conditions in gene banks, faster or slower lose their viability. The effects of seed moisture content levels (ca. 5, 8, 11%) combined with storage temperatures (-3°, -18°, -196°C) were investigated in terms of the description of seeds defined as orthodox under oxidative stress after seed storage, during germination, and initial seedling growth. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and ascorbate (Asc) were analyzed in relation to seed germinability and seedlings emergence in three species: Malus sylvestris L., Prunus avium L. and Prunus padus L. The effect of seed storage conditions on H2O2 levels appeared in germinated seeds after the third year of storage in each species. The H2O2 levels were negatively correlated with the germination and seedling emergence of P. avium seeds after three years of storage under all examined combinations. The emergence of P. padus seedlings was not linked to any of the stress markers tested. The P. padus seed biochemical traits were least altered by storage conditions, and the seeds produced tolerant seedlings of relatively high levels of H2O2 and TBARS. To cope with different H2O2 levels, TBARS levels, and Asc levels in seeds of three species varying storage conditions different molecular responses, i.e. repairing mechanisms, were applied during stratification to compensate for the storage conditions and, as a result, seeds remained viable and seedlings were successfully established.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paweł Chmielarz
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland
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Electrospun Resveratrol-Loaded Polyvinylpyrrolidone/Cyclodextrin Nanofibers and Their Biomedical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12060552. [PMID: 32545836 PMCID: PMC7357065 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenol compound which has been shown to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its pharmaceutical applications are limited by its poor water solubility. In this study, we used electrospinning technology to synthesize nanofibers of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) loaded with resveratrol. We used X-ray diffractometry to analyze crystalline structure, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to determine intermolecular hydrogen bonding, antioxidant assays to measure antioxidant activity, and Franz diffusion cells to evaluate skin penetration. Our results showed that the aqueous solubility of resveratrol nanofibers was greatly improved (by more than 20,000-fold) compared to the pure compound. Analysis of physicochemical properties demonstrated that following nanofiber formation, resveratrol was converted from a crystalline to amorphous structure, and resveratrol formed new intermolecular bonds with PVP and HPBCD. Moreover, resveratrol nanofibers showed good antioxidant activity. In addition, the skin penetration ability of resveratrol in the nanofiber formulation was greater than that of pure resveratrol. Furthermore, resveratrol nanofibers suppressed particulate matter (PM)-induced expression of inflammatory proteins (COX-2 and MMP-9) in HaCaT keratinocytes. Therefore, resveratrol-loaded nanofibers can effectively improve the solubility and physicochemical properties of resveratrol, and may have potential applications as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory formulation for topical skin application.
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A Novel and Potentially MultifacetedDehydroascorbate Reductase Increasing theAntioxidant Systems Is Induced by Beauvericinin Tomato. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050435. [PMID: 32429369 PMCID: PMC7278833 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dehydroascorbate reductases (DHARs) are important enzymes that reconvert the dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) into ascorbic acid (ASC). They are involved in the plant response to oxidative stress, such as that induced by the mycotoxin beauvericin (BEA). Tomato plants were treated with 50 µM of BEA; the main antioxidant compounds and enzymes were evaluated. DHARs were analyzed in the presence of different electron donors by native and denaturing electrophoresis as well as by western blot and mass spectrometry to identify a novel induced protein with DHAR activity. Kinetic parameters for dehydroascorbate (DHA) and glutathione (GSH) were also determined. The novel DHAR was induced after BEA treatment. It was GSH-dependent and possessed lower affinity to DHA and GSH than the classical DHARs. Interestingly, the mass spectrometry analysis of the main band appearing on sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed a chloroplast sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphatase, a key enzyme of the Calvin cycle, and a chloroplast mRNA-binding protein, suggesting that the DHA reducing capacity could be a side activity or the novel DHAR could be part of a protein complex. These results shed new light on the ascorbate-glutathione regulation network under oxidative stress and may represent a new way to increase the plant antioxidant defense system, plant nutraceutical value, and the health benefits of plant consumption.
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