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Gurbuz ES, Guney Z, Kurgan S, Balci N, Serdar MA, Gunhan M. Oxidative Stress and FOXO-1 Relationship in Stage III Periodontitis. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:270. [PMID: 38658396 PMCID: PMC11043194 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05670-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES 8-Hydroxideoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is a marker of oxidative stress, and Forkhead Box-O1 (FOXO1) is a transcription factor and signaling integrator in cell and tissue homeostasis. This study aims to determine FOXO1 and 8-OHdG levels in serum and saliva samples of periodontitis patients and to evaluate their relationship with clinical periodontal parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty healthy individuals, twenty generalized Stage III Grade B periodontitis patients, and nineteen generalized Stage III Grade C periodontitis patients were included in the study. Clinical periodontal parameters (plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and clinical attachment level (CAL)) were recorded. Salivary and serum 8-OHdG and FOX-O1 levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Clinical periodontal parameters showed a statistically significant increase in periodontitis groups compared to the control group (p < 0.05). 8-OHdG salivary levels were significantly higher in both periodontitis groups compared to the control group. The salivary FOXO1 levels were significantly lower in both periodontitis groups compared to the control group. Salivary FOXO1 level had a low-grade negative correlation with BOP and salivary 8-OHdG level. CONCLUSIONS While reactive oxygen species increase in periodontal inflammation, low expression of FOXO1, an important transcription factor for antioxidant enzymes, supports that this molecule plays a vital role in tissue destruction, and FOXO1 can be seen as a potential immune modulator. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The role of FOXO1 in supporting antioxidant defense may suggest that FOXO1 is a candidate target for periodontitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Selin Gurbuz
- Faculty of Dentistry Department of Periodontology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Graduate School of Health Science, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Guney
- Faculty of Dentistry Department of Periodontology, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Sivge Kurgan
- Faculty of Dentistry Department of Periodontology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nur Balci
- Faculty of Dentistry Department of Periodontology, İstanbul Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Meral Gunhan
- Faculty of Dentistry Department of Periodontology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Hussein HR, Abdulkareem AA, Milward MR, Cooper PR. Ability of gingival crevicular fluid volume, E-cadherin, and total antioxidant capacity levels for predicting outcomes of nonsurgical periodontal therapy for periodontitis patients. J Periodontal Res 2024; 59:289-298. [PMID: 38009442 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the potential of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volume, E-cadherin and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels to predict the outcomes of nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) for periodontitis patients. BACKGROUND NSPT is the gold-standard treatment for periodontal pockets < 6 mm in depth, however, successful outcomes are not always guaranteed due to several factors. Periodontitis-associated tissue destruction is evidenced by the increased level of soluble E-cadherin and reduced antioxidants in oral fluids which could be used as predictors for success/failure of NSPT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with periodontitis (n = 24) were included in this clinical trial and full-mouth periodontal charting was recorded for each patient. GCF samples from periodontal pockets with probing pocket depth (PPD) 4-6 mm from the interproximal surfaces of anterior and premolar teeth were obtained. These sites subsequently received NSPT and were clinically re-evaluated after 1 and 3 months. Levels of GCF E-cadherin and TAC levels were assayed using ELISA. RESULTS All clinical periodontal parameters were significantly improved 3 months after completion of NSPT. These outcomes were associated with a significant decrease in E-cadherin levels and GCF volume, while TAC levels were significantly increased in samples obtained in follow-up appointments. Binary regression model analysis showed that PPD, GCF volume, E-cadherin, and TAC levels could significantly (p < .05) predict the outcomes of NSPT. The cut-off points for PPD, GCF volume, E-cadherin and TAC were 5 mm, 4 × 10-3, 1267.97 pg/mL and 0.09 μmol/g, respectively. CONCLUSION NSPT improved clinical parameters along with increased antioxidants capacity and epithelial pocket lining integrity. Discrimination of favorable/unfavorable responsiveness of periodontally diseased sites to NSPT could be possible by using GCF volume, PPD, E-cadherin and TAC level assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind R Hussein
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
- Al-Noor Dental Center, Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali A Abdulkareem
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Mike R Milward
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul R Cooper
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Diab R, Choufani A, Dagher J, Chahine N. The Influence of Circadian Rhythm on the Antioxidant Capacity of Saliva in Periodontal Diseases. Cureus 2024; 16:e56174. [PMID: 38618333 PMCID: PMC11015908 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Saliva has a powerful antioxidant activity proposing that it might have a protective role in the oral cavity. It is yet unclear, how circadian rhythm might affect this activity. Objective The main goal of this study was to compare the antioxidant status of saliva in patients with periodontal diseases (PD) to that of healthy people on a diurnal basis. Material and methods A total of 18 periodontal healthy individuals and 18 patients with chronic periodontitis were chosen. Samples of saliva were collected in the morning between 6:00 and 8:00 and in the evening between 6:00 and 8:00 (both stimulated and non-stimulated). The amount of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant status (TAS) in the salivary samples were analyzed, and its flow was also assessed. In addition, the scavenging capacity of saliva was tested in three systems generating oxygen free radicals. Results Results showed that GSH and TAS concentrations in the evening saliva of healthy subjects were significantly higher than those in the morning saliva, while MDA levels decreased (p<0.05). Conversely, there was no significant increase in GSH and TAS levels in the evening saliva of subjects with PD, and lipid peroxidation remained constant. On the other hand, the evening saliva of healthy subjects but not of subjects with PD was significantly more potent in scavenging free radicals in vitro than the morning saliva, especially for the superoxide (O2.-) radical (p<0.05). Moreover, scavenging activity was higher in stimulated than non-stimulated saliva. This activity was higher in evening saliva compared to the morning one and greater in healthy subjects compared to patients with PD (p<0.05). Conclusion A balance exists between oxidative stress and antioxidant mechanisms to maintain homeostasis in the oral cavity. This balance is deregulated in patients with PD as their saliva is unable to properly scavenge free radicals that might potentially increase over the day. Antioxidant supplements may be used in accordance with the circadian rhythm to minimize oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randa Diab
- Faculty of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Beirut, LBN
| | | | - Jihad Dagher
- Faculty of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Beirut, LBN
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Hussein HR, Abdulkareem AA, Milward MR, Cooper PR. E-cadherin and TAC in GCF accurately discriminate periodontal health and disease. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38181188 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the accuracy of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) E-cadherin and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) to discriminate periodontal health from disease. SUBJECTS AND METHODS GCF samples were collected from participants with periodontal health (control), gingivitis, and periodontitis (n = 25 each group). The latter group was further subdivided according to stage (S) and grade. Periodontal parameters were recorded then levels of biomarkers were assayed using ELISA and antioxidant status by use of the Total Antioxidant Capacity Assay for E-cadherin and TAC, respectively. RESULTS All periodontal parameters were significantly higher in periodontally diseased groups than controls. The GCF E-cadherin significantly increased in gingivitis and periodontitis (S2 to S4) cases as compared to controls. Level of this protein in GCF samples from periodontitis S3 was significantly higher than in gingivitis and S2 groups. The GCF-TAC level was significantly higher in controls than in periodontally diseased groups. No significant differences were observed in the levels of these proteins between grade B and C periodontitis. Both molecules could discriminate periodontal health from gingivitis and periodontitis stages and differentiating periodontitis S3 from gingivitis and other periodontitis stages. CONCLUSIONS Levels of TAC and unbounded E-cadherin in GCF samples exhibited promising diagnostic abilities to differentiate periodontal health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind R Hussein
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
- Al-Noor Dental Center, Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali A Abdulkareem
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Mike R Milward
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul R Cooper
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Toczewska J, Zalewska A, Konopka T, Maciejczyk M. Enzymatic antioxidants activity in gingival crevicular fluid and saliva in advanced periodontitis. Oral Dis 2023; 29:3559-3570. [PMID: 35726388 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Enzymatic antioxidants are the primary line of defense against oxidative and nitrosative stress. However, their involvement in the progression of periodontitis is still not well understood. The study aimed to determine the activity of enzymatic antioxidants in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva of patients with periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study group of 56 patients with periodontitis (stage III and IV) and 28 healthy controls were involved. The modified plaque index, probing depth, the clinical attachment level, the percentage of sites with bleeding on probing, papilla bleeding index, and maximum value of tooth mobility (Periotest®) were tested. Saliva (stimulated and non-stimulated) and GCF were collected from the participants, and activity of peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione reductase were determined colorimetrically. RESULTS Lower activity of peroxidase (p < 0.0001), catalase (p < 0.0001), superoxide dismutase (p = 0.0188), and glutathione reductase (p < 0.0001) was noted in non-stimulated saliva of patients with periodontitis compared to healthy subjects. Peroxidase (p < 0.0001), catalase (p < 0.0001) and superoxide dismutase (p < 0.0001) showed lower activity in stimulated saliva of patients with periodontitis compared to healthy subjects. The peroxidase (p < 0.0029), catalase (p < 0.0001), and glutathione reductase (p = 0.0028) activity in GCF of stage III + IV were significantly higher compared to healthy controls. Superoxide dismutase (p < 0.0001) showed lower activity in GCF of patients with periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS The demonstrated decrease in activity of all analyzed enzymatic antioxidants in non-stimulated saliva may result from long-lasting periodontitis and exhaustion of the safeguard mechanism against reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Toczewska
- Department of Periodontology, Wrocław Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Experimental Dentistry Laboratory, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Tomasz Konopka
- Department of Periodontology, Wrocław Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Mohideen K, Chandrasekaran K, Veeraraghavan H, Faizee SH, Dhungel S, Ghosh S. Meta-Analysis of Assessment of Total Oxidative Stress and Total Antioxidant Capacity in Patients with Periodontitis. DISEASE MARKERS 2023; 2023:9949047. [PMID: 37937148 PMCID: PMC10627720 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9949047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Periodontitis is intricately linked to oxidative stress-antioxidant (redox) imbalance. The antioxidant system scavenges the oxygen free radicals in biological fluids in patients with periodontitis. However, little is still known about the free radicals mediated oxidative stress and reductive ability of the antioxidant system. Thus, the present meta-analysis aims to quantitatively review the literature that assessed the oxidative stress marker total oxidative stress (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in various biological fluids of patients with periodontitis. Methodology. Electronic databases were searched for studies that assessed TOS and TAC levels in various biological samples of patients with periodontitis. Results From the 1,812 articles identified, 1,754 were excluded based on title and abstract screening due to irrelevance to the topic of interest. A full-text assessment of the remaining 58 articles led to the selection of 42 articles that satisfied the inclusion criteria. Of these, only 24 studies had consistent data for quantitative analysis. The periodontitis group displayed significantly elevated TOS levels (p < 0.05) in serum, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and saliva samples in the studies evaluated. In contrast, the periodontitis group exhibited significantly attenuated TAC levels (p < 0.01) compared to healthy controls in plasma, serum, and GCF samples of the studies evaluated, which was insignificant in salivary samples (p=0.433). At the same time, the periodontitis group displayed insignificantly elevated TAC levels after periodontal therapy (p=0.130). Conclusions The present meta-analysis showed significantly higher TOS and lower TAC in periodontitis, reflecting the elevated oxidative stress level than the control group. Clinical Relevance. Scientific rationale for the study: The imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants (oxidative stress (OS)) plays a critical role in the onset and progression of periodontitis; the assessment of the relationship between OS-related biomarkers in regional samples and systemic samples of patients with periodontitis helps us to evaluate the periodontal disease progression. The OS biomarker levels can be used to assess periodontal disease and therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijah Mohideen
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sathyabama Dental College and Hospital, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, India
| | | | - Harsha Veeraraghavan
- Sathyabama Dental College and Hospital, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, India
| | - Shahul Hameed Faizee
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Sathyabama Dental College and Hospital, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, India
| | - Safal Dhungel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medical Sciences, Bharatpur, Nepal
| | - Snehashish Ghosh
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Medical Sciences, Bharatpur, Nepal
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Choudhary P, Tushir S, Bala M, Sharma S, Sangha MK, Rani H, Yewle NR, Kumar P, Singla D, Chandran D, Kumar M, Mekhemar M. Exploring the Potential of Bee-Derived Antioxidants for Maintaining Oral Hygiene and Dental Health: A Comprehensive Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1452. [PMID: 37507990 PMCID: PMC10375990 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Honey bee products comprise various compounds, including honey, propolis, royal jelly, bee pollen, bee wax and bee venom, which have long been recognized for their pharmacological and health-promoting benefits. Scientists have discovered that periodontal disorders stem from dental biofilm, an inflammatory response to bacterial overgrowth produced by dysbiosis in the oral microbiome. The bee products have been investigated for their role in prevention of oral diseases, which are attributed to a myriad of biologically active compounds including flavonoids (pinocembrin, catechin, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and galangin), phenolic acids (hydroxybenzoic acid, hydroxycinnamic acid, p-coumaric, ellagic, caffeic and ferulic acids) and terpenoids. This review aims to update the current understanding of role of selected bee products, namely, honey, propolis and royal jelly, in preventing oral diseases as well as their potential biological activities and mechanism of action in relation to oral health have been discussed. Furthermore, the safety of incorporation of bee products is also critically discussed. To summarize, bee products could potentially serve as a therapy option for people suffering from a variety of oral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Choudhary
- Department of Agricultural Structures and Environment Control, ICAR-Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Surya Tushir
- Department of Agricultural Structures and Environment Control, ICAR-Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Manju Bala
- Department of Food Grain and Oilseed Processing, ICAR-Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Sanjula Sharma
- Oilseeds Section, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Manjeet Kaur Sangha
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Heena Rani
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | | | - Parminder Kumar
- Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Diksha Singla
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Deepak Chandran
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Government of Kerala, Palakkad 679335, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Mohamed Mekhemar
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrecht's University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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Shang J, Liu H, Zheng Y, Zhang Z. Role of oxidative stress in the relationship between periodontitis and systemic diseases. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1210449. [PMID: 37501927 PMCID: PMC10369007 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1210449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common inflammatory disease. It is characterized by destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth and could lead to tooth loss and systemic inflammation. Bacteria in inflamed gingival tissue and virulence factors are capable of entering the bloodstream to induce systemic inflammatory response, thus influencing the pathological process of many diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, as well as liver injury. An increasing body of evidence show the complex interplay between oxidative stress and inflammation in disease pathogenesis. When periodontitis occurs, increased reactive oxygen species accumulation leads to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress contributes to major cellular components damage, including DNA, proteins, and lipids. In this article, the focus will be on oxidative stress in periodontal disease, the relationship between periodontitis and systemic inflammation, and the impact of periodontal therapy on oxidative stress parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Shang
- Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin, China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin, China
| | - Youli Zheng
- The School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin, China
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Song G, Peng G, Zhang J, Song B, Yang J, Xie X, Gou S, Zhang J, Yang G, Chi H, Tian G. Uncovering the potential role of oxidative stress in the development of periodontitis and establishing a stable diagnostic model via combining single-cell and machine learning analysis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1181467. [PMID: 37475857 PMCID: PMC10355807 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1181467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The primary pathogenic cause of tooth loss in adults is periodontitis, although few reliable diagnostic methods are available in the early stages. One pathological factor that defines periodontitis pathology has previously been believed to be the equilibrium between inflammatory defense mechanisms and oxidative stress. Therefore, it is necessary to construct a model of oxidative stress-related periodontitis diagnostic markers through machine learning and bioinformatic analysis. Methods We used LASSO, SVM-RFE, and Random Forest techniques to screen for periodontitis-related oxidative stress variables and construct a diagnostic model by logistic regression, followed by a biological approach to build a Protein-Protein interaction network (PPI) based on modelled genes while using modelled genes. Unsupervised clustering analysis was performed to screen for oxidative stress subtypes of periodontitis. we used WGCNA to explore the pathways correlated with oxidative stress in periodontitis patients. Networks. Finally, we used single-cell data to screen the cellular subpopulations with the highest correlation by scoring oxidative stress genes and performed a proposed temporal analysis of the subpopulations. Results We discovered 3 periodontitis-associated genes (CASP3, IL-1β, and TXN). A characteristic line graph based on these genes can be helpful for patients. The primary hub gene screened by the PPI was constructed, where immune-related and cellular metabolism-related pathways were significantly enriched. Consistent clustering analysis found two oxidative stress categories, with the C2 subtype showing higher immune cell infiltration and immune function ratings. Therefore, we hypothesized that the high expression of oxidative stress genes was correlated with the formation of the immune environment in patients with periodontitis. Using the WGCNA approach, we examined the co-expressed gene modules related to the various subtypes of oxidative stress. Finally, we selected monocytes for mimetic time series analysis and analyzed the expression changes of oxidative stress genes with the mimetic time series axis, in which the expression of JUN, TXN, and IL-1β differed with the change of cell status. Conclusion This study identifies a diagnostic model of 3-OSRGs from which patients can benefit and explores the importance of oxidative stress genes in building an immune environment in patients with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobin Song
- School of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Gaoge Peng
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jinhao Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Binyu Song
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jinyan Yang
- School of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xixi Xie
- School of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Siqi Gou
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, The University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD, United States
| | - Guanhu Yang
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Hao Chi
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Nisha S, Bettahalli Shivamallu A, Prashant A, Shashikumar P, Ganganna A, Das D. Effect of non surgical periodontal therapy and vitamin C supplementation on total antioxidant capacity in patients with chronic generalised periodontitis - A randomised controlled trial. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2023; 13:511-516. [PMID: 37396691 PMCID: PMC10310911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontal inflammation are inflammation of supporting tissues of periodontium. The microbial factor can cause infection which is polymicrobial in origin and causes dysbiosis and shift in oxidative stress with compromised antioxidant capacity. This study focused at determination of the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) and vitamin C supplementation on total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) in chronic periodontitis patients (ChP). Material & method A total of 70 ChPand 35 periodontally healthy subjects (control) were recruited in this study. Further, ChP group was subdivided into ChP1 group (n = 35) which received NSPT only and ChP 2 group (n = 35) which received NSPT with vitamin C 500 mg once daily for 3 months. Serum and saliva samples were taken at baseline and at 3 months postNSPT for measurement of TAOC. Clinical parameters measured were measured at 1-, 3-, 6- and 12-month interval. Results Lower levels of serum and salivary TAOC levels were observed in ChP patients than healthy subjects (p < 0.05). Improvement in Clinical parameters was observed in both the groups ChP1 and ChP 2 group post therapy (p < 0.05). The periodontal treatment showed insignificant changes in serum and salivary TAOC levels (p > 0.05). The supplemental dose of vitamin C didn't have any additional benefits (p > 0.05). Conclusion There lies an association of oxidative stress with periodontitis, low serum and salivary TAOC levels were seen in chronic periodontitis patients. NSPT improved the periodontal inflammatory status. However, benefits of vitamin C as an adjunct to NSPT remains inconclusive and needs to be further explored by multicentre longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swet Nisha
- Department of Periodontology, J.S.S Dental College & Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570015, India
| | - Avinash Bettahalli Shivamallu
- Department of Periodontology, J.S.S Dental College & Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570015, India
| | - Akila Prashant
- Department of Biochemistry, J.S.S Medical College & Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570015, India
| | - Pratibha Shashikumar
- Department of Periodontology, J.S.S Dental College & Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570015, India
| | - Aruna Ganganna
- Department of Periodontology, J.S.S Dental College & Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570015, India
| | - Debanjan Das
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Haldia Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Haldia
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Viglianisi G, Santonocito S, Polizzi A, Troiano G, Amato M, Zhurakivska K, Pesce P, Isola G. Impact of Circulating Cell-Free DNA (cfDNA) as a Biomarker of the Development and Evolution of Periodontitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9981. [PMID: 37373135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has been shown to have an important role in cell apoptosis or necrosis, including in the development and evolution of several tumors and inflammatory diseases in humans. In this regard, periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease that can induce the destruction of supporting components of the teeth, could represent a chronic inflammatory stimulus linked to a various range of systemic inflammatory diseases. Recently, a possible correlation between periodontal disease and cfDNA has been shown, representing new important diagnostic-therapeutic perspectives. During the development of periodontitis, cfDNA is released in biological fluids such as blood, saliva, urine and other body fluids and represents an important index of inflammation. Due to the possibility of withdrawing some of these liquids in a non-invasive way, cfDNA could be used as a possible biomarker for periodontal disease. In addition, discovering a proportional relationship between cfDNA levels and the severity of periodontitis, expressed through the disease extent, could open the prospect of using cfDNA as a possible therapeutic target. The aim of this article is to report what researchers have discovered in recent years about circulating cfDNA in the development, evolution and therapy of periodontitis. The analyzed literature review shows that cfDNA has considerable potential as a diagnostic, therapeutic biomarker and therapeutic target in periodontal disease; however, further studies are needed for cfDNA to be used in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Viglianisi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Simona Santonocito
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Polizzi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Troiano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Mariacristina Amato
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Khrystyna Zhurakivska
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Paolo Pesce
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Ospedale S. Martino, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| | - Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
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12
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Goldoni R, Thomaz DV, Strambini L, Tumedei M, Dongiovanni P, Isola G, Tartaglia G. Quality-by-Design R&D of a Novel Nanozyme-Based Sensor for Saliva Antioxidant Capacity Evaluation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051120. [PMID: 37237985 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the main causes of cell damage, leading to the onset of several diseases, and antioxidants represent a barrier against the production of reactive species. Saliva is receiving increasing interest as a promising biofluid to study the onset of diseases and assess the overall health status of an individual. The antioxidant capacity of saliva can be a useful indicator of the health status of the oral cavity, and it is nowadays evaluated mainly through spectroscopic methods that rely on benchtop machines and liquid reagents. We developed a low-cost screen-printed sensor based on cerium oxide nanoparticles that can be used to assess the antioxidant capacity of biofluids as an alternative to traditional methods. The sensor development process was investigated via a quality-by-design approach to identify the most critical parameters of the process for further optimization. The sensor was tested in the detection of ascorbic acid, which is used as an equivalent in the assessment of overall antioxidant capacity. The LoDs ranged from 0.1147 to 0.3528 mM, while the recoveries varied from 80% to 121.1%, being therefore comparable with those of the golden standard SAT test, whose recovery value was 96.3%. Therefore, the sensor achieved a satisfactory sensitivity and linearity in the range of clinical interest for saliva and was validated against the state-of-the-art equipment for antioxidant capacity evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Goldoni
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico Di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- CNR-Istituto di Elettronica e di Ingegneria dell'Informazione e delle Telecomunicazioni, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Douglas Vieira Thomaz
- National Enterprise for NanoScience and NanoTechnology (NEST), Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucanos Strambini
- CNR-Istituto di Elettronica e di Ingegneria dell'Informazione e delle Telecomunicazioni, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Margherita Tumedei
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy
- UOC Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Dongiovanni
- Medicine and Metabolic Diseases Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tartaglia
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy
- UOC Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
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13
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Gan Z, Xiao Z, Zhang Z, Li Y, Liu C, Chen X, Liu Y, Wu D, Liu C, Shuai X, Cao Y. Stiffness-tuned and ROS-sensitive hydrogel incorporating complement C5a receptor antagonist modulates antibacterial activity of macrophages for periodontitis treatment. Bioact Mater 2023; 25:347-359. [PMID: 36852104 PMCID: PMC9958411 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is admittedly a microbe-driven intractable infectious disease, in which Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) plays a keystone role. Pg can selectively impair the antimicrobial responses of periodontal resident macrophages including their phagocytic and bactericidal activity without interfering their proinflammatory activity, which leads to microflora disturbance, destructive periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone loss eventually. Here, an injectable ROS-sensitive hydrogel is developed for releasing active bone marrow-derived macrophages (named ex-situ macrophages hereafter) and a complement C5a receptor antagonist (C5A) to the gingival crevice. Through appropriately tuning the hydrogel stiffness, the phagocytic activity of these macrophages is greatly enhanced, reaching an optimal performance at the elastic modulus of 106 kPa. Meanwhile, C5A avoids undesired C5a receptor activation by Pg to ensure the bacterial killing activity of both the ex-situ and in-situ macrophages. Besides, the ROS-sensitive hydrogels show another distinct feature of decreasing the ROS level in periodontal niche, which contributes to the alleviated periodontal inflammation and attenuated bone loss as well. This study highlights the potential of utilizing hydrogels with tailored biomechanical properties to remodel the functions of therapeutic cells, which is expected to find wide applications even beyond periodontitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Gan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Zecong Xiao
- Nanomedicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Yang Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Yuanbo Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Dongle Wu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Chufeng Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Xintao Shuai
- Nanomedicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Yang Cao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China,Corresponding author. Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China.
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14
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Viglianisi G, Tartaglia GM, Santonocito S, Amato M, Polizzi A, Mascitti M, Isola G. The Emerging Role of Salivary Oxidative Stress Biomarkers as Prognostic Markers of Periodontitis: New Insights for a Personalized Approach in Dentistry. J Pers Med 2023; 13:166. [PMID: 36836401 PMCID: PMC9964692 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a multifactorial and infective oral disease that leads to the destruction of periodontal tissues and tooth loss. Although the treatment of periodontitis has improved recently, the effective treatment of periodontitis and the periodontitis-affected periodontal tissues is still a challenge. Therefore, exploring new therapeutic strategies for a personalized approach is urgent. For this reason, the aim of this study is to summarize recent advances and the potential of oxidative stress biomarkers in the early diagnosis and personalized therapeutic approaches in periodontitis. Recently, ROS metabolisms (ROMs) have been studied in the physiopathology of periodontitis. Different studies show that ROS plays a crucial role in periodontitis. In this regard, the reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) started to be searched for the measures of the oxidizing capacity of the plasma understood as the total content of oxygen free radicals (ROS). The oxidizing capacity of plasma is a significant indicator of the body's oxidant state as well as homocysteine (Hcy), sulfur amino acid, which has pro-oxidant effects as it favors the production of superoxide anion. More specifically, the thioredoxin (TRX) and peroxiredoxin (PRX) systems control reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide and hydroxyl species, to transduce redox signals and change the activities of antioxidant enzymes to remove free radicals. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), among other antioxidant enzymes, change their activity when ROS are produced in order to neutralize free radicals. The TRX system is triggered and transduces redox signals to do this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Viglianisi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Gianluca Martino Tartaglia
- Section of Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Santonocito
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Mariacristina Amato
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Polizzi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Mascitti
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Dental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy
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15
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Sredojevic SI, Dolijanovic SP, Dozic I, Pficer JK, Aleksic Z, Nikolic-Jakoba NS. Salivary Antioxidant Profile in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis and Periodontitis. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:7886272. [PMID: 37138665 PMCID: PMC10151151 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7886272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of the present study was to compare periodontal status and antioxidant profile in unstimulated saliva of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients with periodontitis and systemically healthy periodontitis patients. Design Twenty patients with established diagnoses of systemic sclerosis and periodontitis (SSc group) and 20 systemically healthy individuals with periodontitis (P group) were enrolled in the study. Clinical periodontal parameters (clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival recession (GR), periodontal probing depth (PPD), and gingival index (GI)) and concentration of uric acid (UA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in unstimulated saliva samples were assessed. Results There were significantly higher mean values of CAL (4.8 ± 0.21 mm versus 3.18 ± 0.17 mm; p ≤ 0.001) and GR (1.66 ± 0.90 mm versus 0.46 ± 0.54 mm; p ≤ 0.001) in the SSc group when compared to the P group. Significantly higher level of GPX (p ≤ 0.001) and SOD (p ≤ 0.001) in unstimulated saliva was detected in the SSc group in comparison with the P group. The specific activity of UA did not significantly differ between the two groups (p = 0.083). Conclusion The results may indicate higher periodontal destruction and antioxidant perturbations in unstimulated saliva of SSc patients with periodontitis compared to systemically healthy periodontitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan I. Sredojevic
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 4, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Ivan Dozic
- General and Oral Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 4, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Kuzmanovic Pficer
- Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 4, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Aleksic
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 4, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natasa S. Nikolic-Jakoba
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 4, Belgrade, Serbia
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16
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Tk F, Rao RJ, S S, Prabhu S, Rudresh V, Oradiyath D. Comparative analysis of sulfiredoxin and total oxidative stress levels in diabetic individuals with periodontitis: A case-control study. J Periodontol 2022. [PMID: 36542371 DOI: 10.1002/jper.22-0416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The delicate balance between oxidative stress and its antioxidant system can be disrupted in diabetes mellitus (DM), making the tissue susceptible to injury. Hence, this case-control study aims to estimate and correlate the gingival tissue sulfiredoxin and crevicular total oxidative stress (TOS) levels in generalized periodontitis Stage II individuals Grade C (PSII) with and without type II DM. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 72 individuals were grouped based on their glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and clinical parameters: group I, periodontally healthy non-diabetic (HbA1c < 5.7%) (n = 24); group II, non-diabetic with PSII (n = 24); and group III, diabetic individuals (HbA1c > 6.5%) with PSII (n = 24). Gingival tissues and crevicular fluid samples were collected. The samples with adequate protein concentrations (n = 72) were further estimated for sulfiredoxin and TOS levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and calorimetric method, respectively. RESULTS Tissue sulfiredoxin and crevicular TOS levels are increased significantly in the periodontitis group compared to the non-periodontitis group (p < 0.001).The tissue sulfiredoxin levels did not vary significantly between the two periodontitis groups (p < 0.179). The TOS levels are significantly higher in the diabetic compared to non-diabetic periodontitis group (p < 0.001). Correlation statistics showed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.65 and p < 0.005) between sulfiredoxin and TOS levels in diabetes with PSII group, however, no such significant correlation was observed in the non-diabetic PSII group (r = 0.255 and p < 0.422). CONCLUSION Diabetic individuals showed inadequate sulfiredoxin-mediated antioxidant response to an increase in oxidative stress levels in periodontitis Stage II Grade C individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayiza Tk
- Department of Periodontics, Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences and Postgraduate, Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravi J Rao
- Department of Periodontics, Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences and Postgraduate, Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Srirangarajan S
- Department of Periodontics, Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences and Postgraduate, Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Srikumar Prabhu
- Department of Periodontics, Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences and Postgraduate, Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vinaya Rudresh
- Department of Periodontics, Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences and Postgraduate, Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Deepika Oradiyath
- Department of Periodontics, Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences and Postgraduate, Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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17
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Chen K, Ma S, Deng J, Jiang X, Ma F, Li Z. Ferroptosis: A New Development Trend in Periodontitis. Cells 2022; 11:3349. [PMID: 36359745 PMCID: PMC9654795 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with bacterial biofilm. It is characterized by loss of periodontal support tissue and has long been considered as a "silent disease". Because it is difficult to prevent and has a health impact that can not be ignored, researchers have been focusing on a mechanism-based treatment model. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent regulatory form of cell death, that directly or indirectly affects glutathione peroxidase through different signaling pathways, resulting in a decrease in cell antioxidant capacity, accumulation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, which cause oxidative cell death and tissue damage. Recently, some studies have proven that iron overload, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation exist in the process of periodontitis. Based on this, this article reviews the relationship between periodontitis and ferroptosis, in order to provide a theoretical reference for future research on the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexiao Chen
- Medical Center of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shuyuan Ma
- Medical Center of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jianwen Deng
- Medical Center of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xinrong Jiang
- Medical Center of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Fengyu Ma
- Medical Center of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zejian Li
- Medical Center of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Chaoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Chaozhou 515600, China
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18
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Maciejczyk M, Nesterowicz M, Zalewska A, Biedrzycki G, Gerreth P, Hojan K, Gerreth K. Salivary Xanthine Oxidase as a Potential Biomarker in Stroke Diagnostics. Front Immunol 2022; 13:897413. [PMID: 35603179 PMCID: PMC9120610 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.897413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the most common cerebrovascular diseases. Despite significant progress in understanding stroke pathogenesis, cases are still increasing. Thus, laboratory biomarkers of stroke are sought to allow rapid and non-invasive diagnostics. Ischemia-reperfusion injury is an inflammatory process with characteristic cellular changes leading to microvascular disruption. Several studies have shown that hyperactivation of xanthine oxidase (XO) is a major pathogenic factor contributing to brain dysfunction. Given the critical role of XO in stroke complications, this study aimed to evaluate the activity of the enzyme and its metabolic products in the saliva of stroke subjects. Thirty patients in the subacute phase of stroke were included in the study: 15 with hemorrhagic stroke and 15 with ischemic stroke. The control group consisted of 30 healthy subjects similar to the cerebral stroke patients regarding age, gender, and status of the periodontium, dentition, and oral hygiene. The number of individuals was determined a priori based on our previous experiment (power of the test = 0.8; α = 0.05). The study material was mixed non‐stimulated whole saliva (NWS) and stimulated saliva (SWS). We showed that activity, specific activity, and XO output were significantly higher in NWS of ischemic stroke patients than in hemorrhagic stroke and healthy controls. Hydrogen peroxide and uric acid levels were also considerably higher in NWS of ischemic stroke patients. Using receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis, we demonstrated that XO-specific activity in NWS distinguishes ischemic stroke from hemorrhagic stroke (AUC: 0.764) and controls (AUC: 0.973) with very high sensitivity and specificity. Saliva collection is stress-free, requires no specialized medical personnel, and allows continuous monitoring of the patient’s condition through non-invasive sampling multiple times per day. Salivary XO also differentiates with high accuracy (100%) and specificity (93.75%) between stroke patients with mild to moderate cognitive decline (AUC = 0.988). Thus, salivary XO assessment may be a potential screening tool for a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation. To summarize, our study demonstrates the potential utility of salivary XO in the differential diagnosis of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- *Correspondence: Mateusz Maciejczyk,
| | - Miłosz Nesterowicz
- Students Scientific Club “Biochemistry of Civilization Diseases” at the Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Experimental Dentistry Laboratory, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Gerreth
- Private Dental Practice, Poznan, Poland
- Postgraduate Studies in Scientific Research Methodology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Hojan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Rehabilitation, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
| | - Karolina Gerreth
- Department of Risk Group Dentistry, Chair of Pediatric Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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19
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Effect of Normobaric Hypoxia on Alterations in Redox Homeostasis, Nitrosative Stress, Inflammation, and Lysosomal Function following Acute Physical Exercise. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4048543. [PMID: 35251471 PMCID: PMC8896919 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4048543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a recognized inducer of oxidative stress during prolonged physical activity. Nevertheless, previous studies have not systematically examined the effects of normoxia and hypoxia during acute physical exercise. The study is aimed at evaluating the relationship between enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant barrier, total antioxidant/oxidant status, oxidative and nitrosative damage, inflammation, and lysosomal function in different acute exercise protocols under normoxia and hypoxia. Fifteen competitive athletes were recruited for the study. They were subjected to two types of acute cycling exercise with different intensities and durations: graded exercise until exhaustion (GE) and simulated 30 km individual time trial (TT). Both exercise protocols were performed under normoxic and hypoxic (
) conditions. The number of subjects was determined based on our previous experiment, assuming the test
and
. We demonstrated enhanced enzymatic antioxidant systems during hypoxic exercise (GE: ↑ catalase (CAT), ↑ superoxide dismutase; TT: ↑ CAT) with a concomitant decrease in plasma reduced glutathione. In athletes exercising in hypoxia, redox status was shifted in favor of oxidation reactions (GE: ↑ total oxidant status, ↓ redox ratio), leading to increased oxidation/nitration of proteins (GE: ↑ advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), ↑ ischemia-modified albumin, ↑ 3-nitrotyrosine, ↑ S-nitrosothiols; TT: ↑ AOPP) and lipids (GE: ↑ malondialdehyde). Concentrations of nitric oxide and its metabolites (peroxynitrite) were significantly higher in the plasma of hypoxic exercisers with an associated increase in inflammatory mediators (GE: ↑ myeloperoxidase, ↑ tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and lysosomal exoglycosidase activity (GE: ↑ N-acetyl-β-hexosaminidase, ↑ β-glucuronidase). Our study indicates that even a single intensive exercise session disrupts the antioxidant barrier and leads to increased oxidative and nitrosative damage at the systemic level. High-intensity exercise until exhaustion (GE) alters redox homeostasis more than the less intense exercise (TT, near the anaerobic threshold) of longer duration (
min vs.
min—normoxia;
min vs.
min—hypoxia), while hypoxia significantly exacerbates oxidative stress, inflammation, and lysosomal dysfunction in athletic subjects.
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20
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YİĞİT U, KIRZIOĞLU FY, ÖZMEN Ö, UĞUZ YA. Effects of LDD and CAPE administration on total antioxidant and total oxidant levels in experimental periodontitis model of rat brain. ACTA MEDICA ALANYA 2022. [DOI: 10.30565/medalanya.1052586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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21
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Śmierciak N, Szwajca M, Popiela TJ, Bryll A, Karcz P, Donicz P, Turek A, Krzyściak W, Pilecki M. Redefining the Cut-Off Ranges for TSH Based on the Clinical Picture, Results of Neuroimaging and Laboratory Tests in Unsupervised Cluster Analysis as Individualized Diagnosis of Early Schizophrenia. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12020247. [PMID: 35207735 PMCID: PMC8874519 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid abnormalities, including mild forms of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, are reported as risk factors for the development of a number of neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. The diagnostic process still takes into account the extreme ranges of the accepted reference values for serum TSH since the concentration of free thyroxine in the serum does not change by definition. TSH mU/L cut-off values in psychiatric patients are currently clinically considered in the case of extremely high serum TSH levels (>4.0 mU/L). The results obtained in this study suggest that the clinically significant value has a lower TSH cut-off point with an upper limit of 2–2.5 mU/L. The criteria for the differential diagnosis of patients with schizophrenia, however, mainly take into account statutory reference ranges without a background related to the history of thyroid diseases in the family. The results indicate the need to lower the upper cut-off values for TSH among patients with early psychosis, which is related to the potential clinical significance of the obtained values both in the field of clinical evaluation and neuroimaging and laboratory evaluation parameters. The cut-off points obtained with the prior available knowledge coincided with the values established in the unsupervised clustering method, which further confirms the legitimacy of their use in the individualized diagnosis strategy of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Śmierciak
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 21a, 31-501 Krakow, Poland; (N.Ś.); (M.S.); (P.D.); (A.T.)
| | - Marta Szwajca
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 21a, 31-501 Krakow, Poland; (N.Ś.); (M.S.); (P.D.); (A.T.)
| | - Tadeusz J. Popiela
- Department of Radiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 19, 31-501 Krakow, Poland;
- Correspondence: (T.J.P.); (W.K.); (M.P.)
| | - Amira Bryll
- Department of Radiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 19, 31-501 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Paulina Karcz
- Department of Electroradiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Michałowskiego 12, 31-126 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Paulina Donicz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 21a, 31-501 Krakow, Poland; (N.Ś.); (M.S.); (P.D.); (A.T.)
| | - Aleksander Turek
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 21a, 31-501 Krakow, Poland; (N.Ś.); (M.S.); (P.D.); (A.T.)
- Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Łazarza 16, 31-530 Krakow, Poland
| | - Wirginia Krzyściak
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence: (T.J.P.); (W.K.); (M.P.)
| | - Maciej Pilecki
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 21a, 31-501 Krakow, Poland; (N.Ś.); (M.S.); (P.D.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence: (T.J.P.); (W.K.); (M.P.)
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Choromańska B, Myśliwiec P, Kozłowski T, Łukaszewicz J, Vasilyevich HP, Dadan J, Zalewska A, Maciejczyk M. Antioxidant and antiradical activities depend on adrenal tumor type. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1011043. [PMID: 36246875 PMCID: PMC9566724 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1011043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the total antioxidant/oxidant status in the plasma and urine of patients with adrenal tumors. The study group consisted of 60 patients (31 women and 29 men) with adrenal masses, classified into three subgroups: non-functional incidentaloma, pheochromocytoma and Cushing's/Conn's adenoma. The number of patients was set a priori based on our previous experiment (α = 0.05, test power = 0.9). Antioxidant activity (Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), Total Oxidant Status (TOS), Oxidative Stress Index (OSI)) and antiradical activity (Radical-Scavenging Activity Assay (DPPH), Ferric-Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP)) were measured using colorimetric methods. FRAP level was decreased in plasma and urine incidentaloma (p<0.0001), pheochromocytoma (p<0.0001) and Cushing's/Conn's adenoma (p<0.0001), while DPPH antiradical activity only in plasma of patients with adrenal masses (p<0.0001). Plasma TAC was increased in incidentaloma patients (p=0.0192), whereas in pheochromocytoma group (p=0.0343) was decreased. Plasma and urine TOS (p<0.0001) and OSI (p<0.01) were significantly higher in patients with adrenal tumors. In pheochromocytoma patients, plasma and urine TAC (p=0.001; p=0.002), as well as plasma plasma DPPH (p=0.007) and urine FRAP (p=0.017) correlated positively with normethanephrine. We are the first who showed reduced radical scavenging capacity in the plasma/urine of patients with adrenal masses. Nevertheless, plasma TAC was significantly higher in the incidentaloma group compared to controls. Therefore, plasma and urinary antioxidant and antiradical activities depend on the presence of the tumor. Lower levels of TAC, DPPH and FRAP clearly indicate a reduced ability to scavenge free radicals and thus a lack of effective protection against oxidative stress in patients with adrenal tumors. Both plasma and urine redox biomarkers can be used to assess systemic antioxidant status in adrenal tumor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Choromańska
- 1st Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Myśliwiec
- 1st Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kozłowski
- 1st Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jerzy Łukaszewicz
- 1st Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Jacek Dadan
- 1st Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Experimental Dentistry Laboratory, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- *Correspondence: Mateusz Maciejczyk,
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Petrović B, Stilinović N, Tomas A, Kojić S, Stojanović GM. Determination of salivary concentrations of leptin and adiponectin, ability to reduce ferric ions and total antioxidant capacity of saliva in patients with severe early childhood caries. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:969372. [PMID: 36120658 PMCID: PMC9473506 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.969372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One of the most common oral diseases affecting children is early childhood caries (ECC). The link between oxidative stress and ECC has been proven in numerous clinical studies. Technical and biological variability were so high in most of the studies that none of the markers have yet been proven suitable for routine clinical use. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant status and the levels of leptin and adiponectin in saliva of children with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC). METHODS Morning unstimulated saliva samples were collected from children (n = 40, 0-6 years old) for the evaluation of oxidative stress which were measured by total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and by the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, as well as to assess the salivary levels of leptin and adiponectin. FRAP, TAC, leptin and adiponectin concentrations were evaluated in S-ECC group (n = 31) and caries free group CF (n = 9). All results were analyzed based on age and sex. RESULTS Overall median salivary leptin and adiponectin levels were 5.59 pg/mL and 24.86 ng/mL, respectively. Significantly lower leptin levels were observed in saliva of caries free children (4.66 pg/mL) than in the S-ECC group (6.64 pg/mL, p < 0.01). No significant difference was observed for adiponectin levels (S-ECC and CF, 25.31 and 23.2 ng/mL, respectively, p = 0.961). TAC and FRAP values of saliva had similar values in children with S-ECC and caries free children. TAC and FRAP values also remained stable with the age of the children, without significant differences with respect to sex. CONCLUSION The increased concentrations of leptin in saliva of children with S-ECC suggests that leptin may play a role in inflammatory and immune responses in the development of early childhood caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojan Petrović
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa Stilinović
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ana Tomas
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Sanja Kojić
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Moseley R, Waddington RJ. Modification of gingival proteoglycans by reactive oxygen species: potential mechanism of proteoglycan degradation during periodontal diseases. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:970-981. [PMID: 34821180 PMCID: PMC10392033 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.2003351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and oxidative stress are increasingly being implicated in the extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation associated with chronic inflammatory conditions, such as periodontal diseases. The present study investigated the effects of ROS exposure on the proteoglycans of gingival tissues, utilizing an in vitro model system comprised of supra-physiological oxidant concentrations, to ascertain whether gingival proteoglycan modification and degradation by ROS contributed to the underlying mechanisms of ECM destruction during active gingivitis. Proteoglycans were purified from ovine gingival tissues and exposed to increasing H2O2 concentrations or a hydroxyl radical (·OH) flux for 1 h or 24 h, and ROS effects on proteoglycan core proteins and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains were assessed. ROS were capable of degrading gingival proteoglycans, with ·OH species inducing greater degradative effects than H2O2 alone. Degradative effects were particularly manifested as amino acid modification, core protein cleavage, and GAG chain depolymerization. Proteoglycan core proteins were more susceptible to degradation than GAG chains with H2O2 alone, although core proteins and GAG chains were both extensively degraded by ·OH species. Proteoglycan exposure to ·OH species for 24 h induced significant core protein amino acid modification, with decreases in glutamate, proline, isoleucine, and leucine; and concomitant increases in serine, glycine, and alanine residues. As clinical reports have previously highlighted proteoglycan core protein degradation during chronic gingivitis, whereas their sulfated GAG chains remain relatively intact, these findings potentially provide further evidence to implicate ROS in the pathogenesis of active gingivitis, complementing the enzymic mechanisms of periodontal tissue destruction already established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Moseley
- Regenerative Biology Group, Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair (CITER), College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Rachel J Waddington
- Regenerative Biology Group, Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair (CITER), College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Correlations between Salivary Immuno-Biochemical Markers and HbA1c in Type 2 Diabetes Subjects before and after Dental Extraction. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111741. [PMID: 34829612 PMCID: PMC8615044 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental extraction can trigger certain sequences of complex processes that involve both hard (alveolar bone) and soft tissue (periodontal ligament, gingiva) remodeling. Type 2 diabetes is a serious risk factor for many oral pathologies, both in terms of progression and severity, but also regarding subsequent rehabilitation possibilities. The aim of this study was to establish whether certain molecules: osteoprotegerin (OPG), kappa B nuclear factor receptor activator ligand (RANKL), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 18 (IL-18), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and oxidative stress markers-total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC)-evaluated in saliva are modified post-extraction in type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects and whether there is a correlation with HbA1c levels. The aforementioned markers plus HbA1c were investigated in a group of systemically healthy subjects (n = 45) and in a type 2 diabetes mellitus group (n = 41) before and three months after a tooth extraction. Diabetes patients' recorded increased levels of OPG, RANKL, TNF-α, MMP-9, IL-18 and TOS compared to controls both pre- and post-extraction. In both study groups, the average OPG, HGF and TAC level recorded an upward trend three months post-extraction. TNF-α registered a statistically significant decrease only in the diabetes group after dental extraction, together with a decrement of mean HbA1c levels in the diabetes group. By plotting the ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve, at baseline RANKL, TNF-α, IL-18, MMP-9, TOS and OPG were good predictors of HbA1c levels. Post-extraction, there was a significant correlation between HbA1c and oxidative status biomarkers, however the linear regression model indicated the influence of all studied salivary markers in HbA1c determinism, in a considerable proportion. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that several oxidative status markers and proinflammatory biomarkers are modified in the saliva of diabetic patients and they correlate to HbA1c levels, thus being potential indicators of the post-extraction healing status in the oral cavity.
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Wang F, Long S, Zhang J. Moringa oleifera Lam. leaf extract safely inhibits periodontitis by regulating the expression of p38α/MAPK14-OPG/RANKL. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 132:105280. [PMID: 34678605 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic disease clinically defined by loss of alveolar bone and connective tissue degeneration. Although Moringa oleifera Lam. (MO), a tree belonging to the Moringacea family, is widely used as an anti-inflammatory agent, its effect on periodontitis is still unclear. In this work, the phenol compounds in MO leaf extract (MOL) were identified by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS, and the anti-periodontitis effects and mechanism of MOL were predicted using network pharmacology and molecular docking. Moreover, the cytotoxic, antioxidant, and anti-periodontitis properties of MOL were confirmed in vivo and in vitro. In total, 88 phenolic compounds and 234 potential MOL periodontitis targets were screened, involving 2916 biological processes (BP). The p38α MAPK (MAPK14) pathway and OPG/RANKL complex were predicted to be involved in the process of molecular docking. Furthermore, experimental validation suggested that MOL significantly ameliorated inflammation and reduced alveolar bone resorption. The OPG/RANKL ratio was regulated through the inhibition of MAPK14, and the anti-periodontitis effect was realized by the antioxidant properties of MOL. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of rat vital organs and the survival rate of RAW 264.7 cells confirmed the safety of MOL. The present study provides valuable insights into how MOL reduces inflammation and alveolar bone resorption associated with periodontitis. In conclusion, MOL safely inhibits chronic periodontitis highly likely by regulating the expression of p38α/MAPK14-OPG/RANKL. Network pharmacology coupled with experimental validation is an effective way to find new drugs in the future. DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT: The original data presented in the study are included in the article. Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Sang Long
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.
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Salivary cytokine profile in patients with ischemic stroke. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17185. [PMID: 34433866 PMCID: PMC8387378 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96739-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a crucial role in stroke pathogenesis. Thus, it is not surprising that cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors have been advocated in stroke diagnostics. Our study is the first to evaluate the salivary cytokine profile in patients with ischemic stroke. Twenty-five patients with subacute ischemic stroke and an age-, sex-, and oral hygiene status-matched control group were enrolled in the study. The number of patients was set a priori based on our previous experiment (α = 0.05, test power = 0.9). Salivary concentrations of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 10 (IL-10) were assessed using an ELISA method. We showed that salivary TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly higher, whereas IL-10 content was statistically lower in both non-stimulated (NWS) and stimulated (SWS) whole saliva of ischemic stroke patients. However, evaluation of cytokines in NWS rather than in SWS may be of greater diagnostic value. Of particular note is salivary TNF-α, which may indicate cognitive/physical impairment in post-stroke individuals. This parameter distinguishes stroke patients from healthy controls and correlates with cognitive decline and severity of functional impairment. It also differentiates (with high sensitivity and specificity) stroke patients with normal cognition from mild to moderate cognitive impairment. Saliva may be an alternative to blood for assessing cytokines in stroke patients, although further studies on a larger patient population are needed.
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A Comparative Study of Antioxidative Activity of Saliva in Children and Young Teenagers with and without Gingivitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57060569. [PMID: 34204920 PMCID: PMC8228018 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57060569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the values of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in the saliva of children and young teenagers with and without gingivitis. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 children and young teenagers of the mean age of 12.2 participated in the research. Gingival condition was assessed using the Löe and Silness Gingival Index. The subjects were divided into groups of those without gingivitis and those with gingivitis. Samples of unstimulated saliva were collected, and TAC, CAT and GPX were determined spectrophotometrically. Results: By comparing the values of TAC, CAT and GPX in subjects with and without gingivitis, significantly lower values of TAC (p < 0.001) and CAT (p < 0.001) were observed in the group of subjects with gingivitis. The correlation analysis of these values showed a positive correlation in groups of subjects not suffering from gingival inflammation and those with gingival inflammation. Conclusions: The study showed significantly lower values of TAC and CAT in the saliva of subjects with gingivitis. This indicates their possible role as a potential biomarker in the early diagnosis and expression of periodontal disease in children and young teenagers.
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The Significance of Redox Biomarkers in the Evaluation of the Antioxidant Profile In Vitro and In Vivo. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050805. [PMID: 34069525 PMCID: PMC8160960 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present Special Issue of Antioxidants, entitled The Significance of Redox Biomarkers in the Evaluation of the Antioxidant Profile In Vitro and In Vivo, ten research articles emphasize the significance of adopting reliable redox biomarkers to determine the antioxidant activities of bioactive compounds in vitro and to assess blood and tissue redox status in vivo [...].
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The diagnostic role of salivary biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammatory status and their relationship in periodontitis stage III and grade C. Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00714-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Salivary Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Stroke Patients: From Basic Research to Clinical Practice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5545330. [PMID: 33897941 PMCID: PMC8052150 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5545330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral stroke is a serious worldwide health problem, as can be seen by the global epidemic of the disease. In this disorder, when the blood flow is compromised by ruptures or blocked arteries, sudden death of neurons is observed as a result of a lack of oxygen and nutrients. Numerous severe problems and frequent complications also exist in stroke patients; therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic, diagnostic, and prognostic methods for the disease. At present, the diagnosis of stroke is based on a neurological examination, medical history, and neuroimaging, due to the fact that rapid and noninvasive diagnostic tests are unavailable. Nevertheless, oxidative stress and inflammation are considered key factors in stroke pathogenesis. Oxygen free radicals are responsible for oxidation of lipids, proteins, and DNA/RNA, which in turn contributes to oxidative damage of the brain. Toxic products of the oxidation reactions act cytostatically on the cell by damaging cell membranes and leading to neuronal death by apoptosis or necrosis. Thus, it seems that redox/inflammatory biomarkers might be used in the diagnosis of the disease. Nowadays, saliva is of increasing interest in clinical laboratory medicine. Redox biomarkers could be obtained easily, noninvasively, cheaply, and stress-free from saliva. This minireview is aimed at presenting the current knowledge concerning the use of salivary biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in the diagnosis and prognosis of stroke.
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Han P, Bartold PM, Salomon C, Ivanovski S. Salivary Outer Membrane Vesicles and DNA Methylation of Small Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers for Periodontal Status: A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052423. [PMID: 33670900 PMCID: PMC7957785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease, associated with a microbial dysbiosis. Early detection using salivary small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) biomarkers may facilitate timely prevention. sEVs derived from different species (i.e., humans, bacteria) are expected to circulate in saliva. This pilot study recruited 22 participants (seven periodontal healthy, seven gingivitis and eight periodontitis) and salivary sEVs were isolated using the size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) method. The healthy, gingivitis and periodontitis groups were compared in terms of salivary sEVs in the CD9+ sEV subpopulation, Gram-negative bacteria-enriched lipopolysaccharide (LPS+) outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and global DNA methylation pattern of 5-methylcytosine (5mC), 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and N6-Methyladenosine (m6dA). It was found that LPS+ OMVs, global 5mC methylation and four periodontal pathogens (T. denticola, E. corrodens, P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum) that secreted OMVs were significantly increased in periodontitis sEVs compared to those from healthy groups. These differences were more pronounced in sEVs than the whole saliva and were more superior in distinguishing periodontitis than gingivitis, in comparison to healthy patients. Of note, global 5mC hypermethylation in salivary sEVs can distinguish periodontitis patients from both healthy controls and gingivitis patients with high sensitivity and specificity (AUC = 1). The research findings suggest that assessing global sEV methylation may be a useful biomarker for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Han
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
- Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, Center for Oral-Facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
- Correspondence: (P.H.); (S.I.)
| | - Peter Mark Bartold
- School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia;
| | - Sašo Ivanovski
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
- Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, Center for Oral-Facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
- Correspondence: (P.H.); (S.I.)
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Klimiuk A, Zalewska A, Knapp M, Sawicki R, Ładny JR, Maciejczyk M. Salivary Gland Dysfunction in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure Is Aggravated by Nitrosative Stress, as Well as Oxidation and Glycation of Proteins. Biomolecules 2021; 11:119. [PMID: 33477706 PMCID: PMC7831926 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic heart failure (HF) is an important clinical, social, and economic problem. A key role in HF progression is played by oxidative stress. Free oxygen radicals, formed under the conditions of hypoxia and reperfusion, participate in myocardial stunning and other forms of post-reperfusion damage. HF patients also suffer from disorders connected with saliva secretion. However, still little is known about the mechanisms that impair the secretory function of salivary glands in these patients. In the presented study, we were the first to compare the antioxidant barrier, protein glycoxidation, and nitrosative/nitrative stress in non-stimulated (non-stimulated whole saliva (NWS)) and stimulated (SWS) saliva of HF patients. The study included 50 HF patients with normal saliva (NS) secretion (n = 27) and hyposalivation (HS) (n = 23), as well as an age- and gender-matched control group (n = 50). We demonstrated that, in NWS of HF patients with HS, the concentration of low-molecular-weight non-enzymatic antioxidants decreased (↓total polyphenols, ↓ascorbic acid, ↓reduced glutathione, ↓albumin) compared to HF patients with normal saliva (NS) secretion, as well as the control group (except albumin). We also observed increased content of protein glycoxidation products (↑dityrosine, ↑kynurenine, ↑glycophore) in NWS and SWS of HF patients with HS compared to healthy controls. Interestingly, the content of dityrosine, N-formylkynurenine, and glycophore in NWS was also significantly higher in HF patients with HS compared to those with NS secretion. The concentration of NO was considerably lower, while the levels of peroxynitrite and nitrotyrosine were significantly higher in NWS and SWS of HF subjects with HS compared to the controls. Salivary gland dysfunction occurs in patients with chronic HF with the submandibular salivary glands being the least efficient. Oxidative/nitrosative stress may be one of the mechanisms responsible for the impairment of salivary gland secretory function in HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Klimiuk
- Experimental Dentistry Laboratory, Medical University of Bialystok, 24a M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (A.K.); (A.Z.)
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Experimental Dentistry Laboratory, Medical University of Bialystok, 24a M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (A.K.); (A.Z.)
| | - Małgorzata Knapp
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 24a M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (M.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Robert Sawicki
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 24a M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (M.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Jerzy Robert Ładny
- 1st Department of General Surgery and Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, 24a M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, 2c Mickiewicza Street, 15-233 Bialystok, Poland
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Zieniewska I, Maciejczyk M, Zalewska A. The Effect of Selected Dental Materials Used in Conservative Dentistry, Endodontics, Surgery, and Orthodontics as Well as during the Periodontal Treatment on the Redox Balance in the Oral Cavity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249684. [PMID: 33353105 PMCID: PMC7767252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is a redox homeostasis disorder that results in oxidation of cell components and thus disturbs cell metabolism. OS is induced by numerous internal as well as external factors. According to recent studies, dental treatment may also be one of them. The aim of our work was to assess the effect of dental treatment on the redox balance of the oral cavity. We reviewed literature available in PubMed, Medline, and Scopus databases, including the results from 2010 to 2020. Publications were searched according to the keywords: oxidative stress and dental monomers; oxidative stress and amalgam; oxidative stress and periodontitis, oxidative stress and braces, oxidative stress and titanium; oxidative stress and dental implants, oxidative stress and endodontics treatment, oxidative stress and dental treatment; and oxidative stress and dental composite. It was found that dental treatment with the use of composites, amalgams, glass-ionomers, materials for root canal filling/rinsing, orthodontic braces (made of various metal alloys), titanium implants, or whitening agents can disturb oral redox homeostasis by affecting the antioxidant barrier and increasing oxidative damage to salivary proteins, lipids, and DNA. Abnormal saliva secretion/composition was also observed in dental patients in the course of OS. It is suggested that the addition of antioxidants to dental materials or antioxidant therapy applied during dental treatment could protect the patient against harmful effects of OS in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Zieniewska
- Doctoral Studies, Medical University of Bialystok, 24a M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence: (I.Z.); (A.Z.)
| | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-022 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Experimental Dentistry Laboratory, Medical University of Bialystok, 24a M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence: (I.Z.); (A.Z.)
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Salivary Gland Dysfunction in Stroke Patients Is Associated with Increased Protein Glycoxidation and Nitrosative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6619439. [PMID: 33488927 PMCID: PMC7787773 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6619439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability and death worldwide. Despite intensive medical care, many of the complaints directly threatening the patient's life marginalize their dental needs after the stroke. Recent studies indicate reduced saliva secretion in stroke patients in addition to the increased incidence of caries and periodontal disease. Since oxidative stress plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of salivary gland hypofunction and neurodegenerative disorders (including stroke), this is the first to evaluate the relationship between salivary gland activity and protein glycoxidation and nitrosative damage. The content of glycation and protein oxidation products and nitrosative stress was assessed in nonstimulated (NWS) and stimulated (SWS) whole saliva of stroke patients with normal salivary secretion and hyposalivation (reduced saliva production). The study included 30 patients in the stroke's subacute phase and 30 healthy controls matched by age and sex. We have shown that stroke patients with hyposalivation show increased contents of protein glycation (↑Amadori products and ↑advanced glycation end products), glycoxidation (↑dityrosine), and nitration (↑nitrotyrosine) products compared to stroke cases with normal salivary secretion and control group. Interestingly, higher oxidative/nitrosative stress was found in NWS, which strongly correlates with salivary flow rate, total protein content, and salivary amylase activity. Such relationships were not observed in the control group. Summarizing, oxidative and nitrosative stress may be one of the mechanisms responsible for the impairment of saliva secretion in stroke patients. However, extraglandular sources of salivary oxidative stress in stroke patients cannot be excluded. Further studies to assess salivary gland hypofunction in stroke cases are necessary.
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Evaluation of Salivary and Serum Total Antioxidant Capacity and Lipid Peroxidation in Postmenopausal Women. Int J Dent 2020; 2020:8860467. [PMID: 33281901 PMCID: PMC7685808 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8860467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In menopause, reduction of estrogen hormone affects oxidative stress process in serum. Oxidative stress in saliva plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of oral diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the total antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation in the serum and saliva of premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Methods In this case control study, 50 postmenopausal women (case group) and 48 premenopausal women (control group) were selected. The unstimulated whole saliva and serum of the postmenopausal and premenopausal women were collected. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the saliva and serum was measured by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Also, malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) method for serum and saliva. Then, the obtained data were analyzed by SPSS 17, whereby Mann–Whitney test and Spearman's correlation test were used. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The postmenopausal group had significantly lower mean serum TAC and higher mean serum MDA than the control group (P < 0 < 001 and P < 0.01, respectively). The mean salivary TAC and MDA, however, did not differ significantly between the case and control group (P = 0.64 and P = 0.08, respectively). Conclusion In postmenopausal women, with elevation of serum MDA and reduction of serum TAC, the extent of serum oxidative stress grows, but MDA and TAC levels of saliva do not change.
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Curuțiu C, Dițu LM, Grumezescu AM, Holban AM. Polyphenols of Honeybee Origin with Applications in Dental Medicine. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E856. [PMID: 33266173 PMCID: PMC7761219 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9120856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Honeybee products are a great source of polyphenols with recognized applications in dental medicine. Although their biological mechanisms in oral diseases are not fully understood, numerous in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies have reported promising results in the prevention and treatment of oral diseases. Bioactivities, such as antibacterial, antiviral, antiparasite, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties, recommend their future study in order to develop efficient alternatives in the management of widespread oral conditions, such as dental caries and periodontitis. The most investigated mechanisms of polyphenols in oral health rely on their ability to strengthen the dental enamel, decrease the development of dental plaque formation, inhibit the progression of dental caries and development of dental pathogens and show anti-inflammatory properties. These features recommend them as useful honeybee candidates in the management of emerging oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Curuțiu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 030018 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (L.M.D.); (A.M.H.)
| | - Lia Mara Dițu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 030018 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (L.M.D.); (A.M.H.)
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 90-92 Panduri Road, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Maria Holban
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 030018 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (L.M.D.); (A.M.H.)
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Blood Profile of Cytokines, Chemokines, Growth Factors, and Redox Biomarkers in Response to Different Protocols of Treadmill Running in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218071. [PMID: 33137990 PMCID: PMC7663152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Both positive and negative aspects of sport performance are currently considered. The aim of our study was to determine time- and intensity-dependent effects of a single exercise bout on redox and inflammatory status. The experiment was performed on 40 male Wistar rats subjected to treadmill running for 30 min with the speed of 18 m/min (M30) or 28 m/min (F30), or for 2 h with the speed of 18 m/min (M120). Immunoenzymatic and spectrophotometric methods were applied to assess the levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, the antioxidant barrier, redox status, oxidative damage products, nitrosative stress, and their relationships with plasma non-esterified fatty acids. Treadmill running caused a reduction in the content of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1) and nitric oxide (M30, M120, F30 groups) as well as macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) and regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) (M30, F30 groups). We also demonstrated an increase in catalase activity as well as higher levels of reduced glutathione, advanced oxidation protein products, lipid hydroperoxides, malondialdehyde (M30, M120, F30 groups), and advanced glycation end products (F30 group). The presented findings showed the activation of antioxidative defense in response to increased reactive oxygen species' production after a single bout of exercise, but it did not prevent oxidative damage of macromolecules.
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Salivary Redox Biomarkers in the Course of Caries and Periodontal Disease. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10186240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Caries are a pathological process of extracorporeal nature, characterized by demineralization of inorganic substances as well as proteolysis triggered by acids produced by bacteria present in dental plaque, as a result of metabolism of sugars of both external and internal origin. Periodontal disease, on the other hand, is a multifactorial degenerative disease associated with inflammation, involving a group of tissues that surround the dental cervix and root of the tooth. It is believed that one of the mechanisms in the etiopathogenesis of caries and periodontitis are disorders of local and/or general oxidative stress (OS) parameters. Numerous clinical studies have confirmed the relationship between oxidative stress markers and oral diseases. In most analyzed studies, technical and biological variability was so high that none of the markers so far has proven suitable for routine clinical use. The aim of systematic reviews of the literature is to present the existing studies on OS parameters, mainly concerning the activity of antioxidant enzymes in saliva of patients with caries and periodontitis.
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