1
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Yang L, Li J, Zhang D, Liu Y, Hu Q. Deviatoric stress-induced metallization, layer reconstruction and collapse of van der Waals bonded zirconium disulfide. Commun Chem 2024; 7:141. [PMID: 38909153 PMCID: PMC11193816 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01223-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In contrast to two-dimensional (2D) monolayer materials, van der Waals layered transition metal dichalcogenides exhibit rich polymorphism, making them promising candidates for novel superconductor, topological insulators and electrochemical catalysts. Here, we highlight the role of hydrostatic pressure on the evolution of electronic and crystal structures of layered ZrS2. Under deviatoric stress, our electrical experiments demonstrate a semiconductor-to-metal transition above 30.2 GPa, while quasi-hydrostatic compression postponed the metallization to 38.9 GPa. Both X-ray diffraction and Raman results reveal structural phase transitions different from those under hydrostatic pressure. Under deviatoric stress, ZrS2 rearranges the original ZrS6 octahedra into ZrS8 cuboids at 5.5 GPa, in which the unique cuboids coordination of Zr atoms is thermodynamically metastable. The structure collapses to a partially disordered phase at 17.4 GPa. These complex phase transitions present the importance of deviatoric stress on the highly tunable electronic properties of ZrS2 with possible implications for optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfei Yang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, 100193, Beijing, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Jingdezhen, 333403, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junwei Li
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Dongzhou Zhang
- Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Yuegao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Experimental Study under Deep-sea Extreme Conditions, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Qingyang Hu
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, 100193, Beijing, China.
- Shanghai Advanced Research in Physical Sciences (SHARPS), Shanghai, 201203, China.
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2
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Wang N, Zhang G, Wang G, Feng Z, Li Q, Zhang H, Li Y, Liu C. Pressure-Induced Enhancement and Retainability of Optoelectronic Properties in Layered Zirconium Disulfide. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400216. [PMID: 38676348 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) exhibit excellent electronic and photoelectric properties under pressure, prompting researchers to investigate their structural phase transitions, electrical transport, and photoelectric response upon compression. Herein, the structural and photoelectric properties of layered ZrS2 under pressure using in situ high-pressure photocurrent, Raman scattering spectroscopy, alternating current impedance spectroscopy, absorption spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations are studied. The experimental results show that the photocurrent of ZrS2 continuously increases with increasing pressure. At 24.6 GPa, the photocurrent of high-pressure phase P21/m is three orders of magnitude greater than that of the initial phaseP 3 ¯ m 1 $P\bar{3}m1$ at ambient pressure. The minimum synthesis pressure for pure high-pressure phase P21/m of ZrS2 is 18.8 GPa, which exhibits a photocurrent that is two orders of magnitude higher than that of the initial phaseP 3 ¯ m 1 $P\bar{3}m1$ and displays excellent stability. Additionally, it is discovered that the crystal structure, electrical transport properties and bandgap of layered ZrS2 can also be regulated by pressure. This work offers researchers a new direction for synthesizing high-performance TMDs photoelectric materials using high pressure, which is crucial for enhancing the performance of photoelectric devices in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- School of Physical Science & Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Guozhao Zhang
- School of Physical Science & Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Guangyu Wang
- School of Physical Science & Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Zhenbao Feng
- School of Physical Science & Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Physical Science & Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Haiwa Zhang
- School of Physical Science & Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Yinwei Li
- Laboratory of Quantum Functional Materials Design and Application of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Cailong Liu
- School of Physical Science & Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
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3
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Li H, Tan J, Yang S, Sun Y, Yu H. p-Toluenesulfonic Acid Modified Two-Dimensional ZrSe 2 as a Hole Transport Layer for High-Performance Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38624163 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted attention due to their excellent optoelectronic properties, but their applications are limited by their defects and vacancies. Surface modification is an effective method to restore their performance. Here, ZrSe2 is modified with conductive polymer p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA). It is found that PTSA can obtain electrons of ZrSe2 through the combination of -SO3H and ZrSe2, thus forming interfacial dipoles, which improve the work function of ZrSe2. In addition, -OH in PTSA can effectively fill the Se vacancy in ZrSe2 to form P-type doping, thereby improving its conductivity. ZrSe2 modified by the PTSA material is first used as a hole transport layer (HTL) in organic solar cells (OSCs). The efficiency of OSCs based on the PBDB-T:ITIC and PM6:L8-BO binary active layer with ZrSe2:PTSA as the novel HTL reaches 10.66 and 18.14%, which are obviously higher than the efficiency of OSCs with pure ZrSe2 as the HTL (8.48 and 15.64%). More interestingly, the stability of the device with ZrSe2:PTSA as HTL is significantly better than that of PEDOT:PSS. This study shows that the modification of the organic material can effectively improve the photoelectric performance of ZrSe2 and explores the physical mechanism of the interaction between the organic modifier and 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Li
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jingyu Tan
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Song Yang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yapeng Sun
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Huangzhong Yu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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4
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Zhao Y, Yang L, Liu H, Sun S, Wei X. Strain-induced modification in thermal properties of monolayer 1 T-ZrS 2 and ZrS 2/ZrSe 2 heterojunction. J Mol Model 2024; 30:95. [PMID: 38446247 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-05894-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT This paper systematically analyzes the phonon dispersion curves of single-layer ZrS2, ZrSe2, and ZrS2/ZrSe2 heterostructures under different strains. The phonon spectra and thermal parameters of the three structures were obtained based on the density functional perturbation theory method. The upper limits of strain that different monolayers and heterojunctions can withstand were studied. The monolayers ZrSe2 and ZrS2 can withstand up to 8% biaxial tensile strain, and the ZrS2/ZrSe2 heterojunction can withstand up to 6% biaxial tensile strain. In addition, the van der Waals force of the heterojunction may cause phonon tearing in the vertical direction. The application of biaxial tensile strain can adjust the thermal properties of the system to a large extent, which is similar to the strain effect in the pristine case. When the temperature rises, the entropy enthalpy of the three structures also gradually increases, the free energy gradually decreases, and the heat capacity of the system gradually increases until it tends to be stable. Taking single-layer ZrS2 as an example, we analyzed the change curve of thermal properties of single-layer ZrS2 under tensile strain. The results show that with the gradual increase of strain, the crystal's entropy, enthalpy, and free energy change differently. In addition, the heat capacity increases slowly under high temperatures. When all systems reach the limit strain, the phonon spectrum appears to have an imaginary frequency, and the thermal properties decrease significantly. METHODS This paper uses the first-principle calculation method based on density functional theory, and the PBE exchange-correlation function based on generalized gradient approximation (GGA) is selected for a specific calculation. The density functional perturbation theory (DFPT) calculates the full kinetic matrix. Because the lattice constants of ZrS2 and ZrSe2 are similar and have similar periodicity, the corresponding unit cells are used for structural optimization and property calculation. The Brillouin zone is integrated using the K points generated by the Monkhorst-pack method. For single-layers ZrS2 and ZrSe2, 8 × 8 × 1 K-point grid is selected, and for ZrS2/ZrSe2 heterojunction, 8 × 8 × 2 K-point grid is selected. A vacuum layer of 30 Å was added in the vertical direction to avoid interlayer interaction. The non-conservative pseudopotential method is used to optimize the structure, and the optimization convergence is set as follows: the cutoff energy is set to 700 eV, the convergence threshold of the maximum force between atoms is 0.01 eV/Å, the convergence threshold of the maximum energy change is set to 1 × 10-9 eV, and the convergence threshold of the maximum displacement is 0.001 Å.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshen Zhao
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, 110870, China
| | - Lu Yang
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, 110870, China.
| | - Huaidong Liu
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, 110870, China
| | - Shihang Sun
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, 110870, China
| | - Xingbin Wei
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, 110870, China
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5
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Singh A, Pakhira S. Synergistic Niobium Doped Two-Dimensional Zirconium Diselenide: An Efficient Electrocatalyst for O 2 Reduction Reaction. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2024; 4:40-56. [PMID: 38283785 PMCID: PMC10811770 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.3c00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The development of high-activity and low-price cathodic catalysts to facilitate the electrochemically sluggish O2 reduction reaction (ORR) is very important to achieve the commercial application of fuel cells. Here, we have investigated the electrocatalytic activity of the two-dimensional single-layer Nb-doped zirconium diselenide (2D Nb-ZrSe2) toward ORR by employing the dispersion corrected density functional theory (DFT-D) method. Through our study, we computed structural properties, electronic properties, and energetics of the 2D Nb-ZrSe2 and ORR intermediates to analyze the electrocatalytic performance of 2D Nb-ZrSe2. The electronic property calculations depict that the 2D monolayer ZrSe2 has a large band gap of 1.48 eV, which is not favorable for the ORR mechanism. After the doping of Nb, the electronic band gap vanishes, and 2D Nb-ZrSe2 acts as a conductor. We studied both the dissociative and the associative pathways through which the ORR can proceed to reduce the oxygen molecule (O2). Our results show that the more favorable path for O2 reduction on the surface of the 2D Nb-ZrSe2 is the 4e- associative path. The detailed ORR mechanisms (both associated and dissociative) have been explored by computing the changes in Gibbs free energy (ΔG). All of the ORR reaction intermediate steps are thermodynamically stable and energetically favorable. The free energy profile for the associative path shows the downhill behavior of the free energy vs the reaction steps, suggesting that all ORR intermediate structures are catalytically active for the 4e- associative path and a high 4e- reduction pathway selectivity. Therefore, 2D Nb-ZrSe2 is a promising catalyst for the ORR, which can be used as an alternative ORR catalyst compared to expensive platinum (Pt).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Singh
- Theoretical
Condensed Matter Physics and Advanced Computational Materials Science
Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian
Institute of Technology Indore (IIT Indore), Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore-453552, Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Srimanta Pakhira
- Theoretical
Condensed Matter Physics and Advanced Computational Materials Science
Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian
Institute of Technology Indore (IIT Indore), Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore-453552, Madhya Pradesh India
- Theoretical
Condensed Matter Physics and Advanced Computational Materials Science
Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Electronics (CAE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IIT Indore), Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore-453552, Madhya Pradesh India
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6
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Wang Z, Gu Y, Liu F, Wu W. Facile synthesis of wide bandgap ZrS 2 colloidal quantum dots for solution processed solar-blind UV photodetectors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13771-13774. [PMID: 37920975 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03594h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a facile one-pot method for the successful synthesis of heavy metal-free ZrS2 colloidal quantum dots (QDs) with a wide bandgap. To achieve this, we employed 1-dodecanethiol (DT) as a sulfur precursor, enabling the controlled release of H2S in situ during the reaction at temperatures exceeding 195 °C. This approach facilitated the synthesis of small-sized ZrS2 QDs with precise control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Wang
- Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- Laboratory of Thin Film Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China.
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Yunjiao Gu
- Laboratory of Thin Film Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China.
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fenghua Liu
- Laboratory of Thin Film Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China.
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Weiping Wu
- Laboratory of Thin Film Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China.
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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7
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Kong Z, Kaminsky CJ, Groschner CK, Murphy RA, Yu Y, Husremović S, Xie LS, Erodici MP, Kim RS, Yano J, Bediako DK. Near Room-Temperature Intrinsic Exchange Bias in an Fe Intercalated ZrSe 2 Spin Glass. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:20041-20052. [PMID: 37646536 PMCID: PMC10510322 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Some magnetic systems display a shift in the center of their magnetic hysteresis loop away from zero field, a phenomenon termed exchange bias. Despite the extensive use of the exchange bias effect, particularly in magnetic multilayers, for the design of spin-based memory/electronics devices, a comprehensive mechanistic understanding of this effect remains a longstanding problem. Recent work has shown that disorder-induced spin frustration might play a key role in exchange bias, suggesting new materials design approaches for spin-based electronic devices that harness this effect. Here, we design a spin glass with strong spin frustration induced by magnetic disorder by exploiting the distinctive structure of Fe intercalated ZrSe2, where Fe(II) centers are shown to occupy both octahedral and tetrahedral interstitial sites and to distribute between ZrSe2 layers without long-range structural order. Notably, we observe behavior consistent with a magnetically frustrated and multidegenerate ground state in these Fe0.17ZrSe2 single crystals, which persists above room temperature. Moreover, this magnetic frustration leads to a robust and tunable exchange bias up to 250 K. These results not only offer important insights into the effects of magnetic disorder and frustration in magnetic materials generally, but also highlight as design strategy the idea that a large exchange bias can arise from an inhomogeneous microscopic environment without discernible long-range magnetic order. In addition, these results show that intercalated TMDs like Fe0.17ZrSe2 hold potential for spintronic technologies that can achieve room temperature applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhi Kong
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Corey J. Kaminsky
- Molecular
Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Catherine K. Groschner
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ryan A. Murphy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yun Yu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Samra Husremović
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Lilia S. Xie
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Matthew P. Erodici
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - R. Soyoung Kim
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Junko Yano
- Molecular
Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - D. Kwabena Bediako
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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8
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Kondrotas R, Juškėnas R, Krotkus A, Pakštas V, Suchodolskis A, Mekys A, Franckevičius M, Talaikis M, Muska K, Li X, Kauk-Kuusik M, Kravtsov V. Synthesis and physical characteristics of narrow bandgap chalcogenide SnZrSe 3. OPEN RESEARCH EUROPE 2023; 2:138. [PMID: 37645318 PMCID: PMC10445849 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.15168.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Background: The development of organic/inorganic metal halide perovskites has seen unprecedent growth since their first recognition for applications in optoelectronic devices. However, their thermodynamic stability and toxicity remains a challenge considering wide-scale deployment in the future. This spurred an interest in search of perovskite-inspired materials which are expected to retain the advantageous material characteristics of halide perovskites, but with high thermodynamic stability and composed of earth-abundant and low toxicity elements. ABX 3 chalcogenides (A, B=metals, X=Se, S) have been identified as potential class of materials meeting the aforementioned criteria. Methods: In this work, we focus on studying tin zirconium selenide (SnZrSe 3) relevant physical properties with an aim to evaluate its prospects for application in optoelectronics. SnZrSe 3 powder and monocrystals were synthesized via solid state reaction in 600 - 800 °C temperature range. Crystalline structure was determined using single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction methods. The bandgap was estimated from diffused reflectance measurements on powder samples and electrical properties of crystals were analysed from temperature dependent I-V measurements. Results: We found that SnZrSe 3 crystals have a needle-like structure (space group - Pnma) with following unit cell parameters: a=9.5862(4) Å, b=3.84427(10) Å, c=14.3959(5) Å. The origin of the low symmetry crystalline structure was associated with stereochemical active electron lone pair of Sn cation. Estimated bandgap was around 1.15 eV which was higher than measured previously and predicted theoretically. Additionally, it was found that resistivity and conductivity type depended on the compound chemical composition. Conclusions: Absorption edge in the infrared region and bipolar dopability makes SnZrSe 3 an interesting material candidate for application in earth-abundant and non-toxic single/multi-junction solar cells or other infrared based optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokas Kondrotas
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, 10257, Lithuania
| | | | - Arūnas Krotkus
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, 10257, Lithuania
| | - Vidas Pakštas
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, 10257, Lithuania
| | | | - Algirdas Mekys
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, 10257, Lithuania
| | | | - Martynas Talaikis
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, 10257, Lithuania
| | - Katri Muska
- Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, 19086, Estonia
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, 19086, Estonia
| | - Marit Kauk-Kuusik
- Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, 19086, Estonia
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9
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Alsulami A, Alharbi M, Alsaffar F, Alolaiyan O, Aljalham G, Albawardi S, Alsaggaf S, Alamri F, Tabbakh TA, Amer MR. Lattice Transformation from 2D to Quasi 1D and Phonon Properties of Exfoliated ZrS 2 and ZrSe 2. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205763. [PMID: 36585385 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent reports on thermal and thermoelectric properties of emerging 2D materials have shown promising results. Among these materials are Zirconium-based chalcogenides such as zirconium disulfide (ZrS2 ), zirconium diselenide (ZrSe2 ), zirconium trisulfide (ZrS3 ), and zirconium triselenide (ZrSe3 ). Here, the thermal properties of these materials are investigated using confocal Raman spectroscopy. Two different and distinctive Raman signatures of exfoliated ZrX2 (where X = S or Se) are observed. For 2D-ZrX2 , Raman modes are in alignment with those reported in literature. However, for quasi 1D-ZrX2 , Raman modes are identical to exfoliated ZrX3 nanosheets, indicating a major lattice transformation from 2D to quasi-1D. Raman temperature dependence for ZrX2 are also measured. Most Raman modes exhibit a linear downshift dependence with increasing temperature. However, for 2D-ZrS2 , a blueshift for A1g mode is detected with increasing temperature. Finally, phonon dynamics under optical heating for ZrX2 are measured. Based on these measurements, the calculated thermal conductivity and the interfacial thermal conductance indicate lower interfacial thermal conductance for quasi 1D-ZrX2 compared to 2D-ZrX2 , which can be attributed to the phonon confinement in 1D. The results demonstrate exceptional thermal properties for Zirconium-based materials, making them ideal for thermoelectric device applications and future thermal management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awsaf Alsulami
- Center of Excellence for Green Nanotechnologies, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Alharbi
- Center of Excellence for Green Nanotechnologies, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadhel Alsaffar
- Center of Excellence for Green Nanotechnologies, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Olaiyan Alolaiyan
- Center of Excellence for Green Nanotechnologies, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadeer Aljalham
- Center of Excellence for Green Nanotechnologies, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahad Albawardi
- Center of Excellence for Green Nanotechnologies, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Alsaggaf
- Center of Excellence for Green Nanotechnologies, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Alamri
- Center of Excellence for Green Nanotechnologies, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer A Tabbakh
- National Center for Nanotechnology, Materials Science Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moh R Amer
- Center of Excellence for Green Nanotechnologies, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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10
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Aher R, Punde A, Shinde P, Shah S, Doiphode V, Waghmare A, Hase Y, Bade BR, Jadhav Y, Prasad M, Pathan HM, Patole SP, Jadkar SR. Synthesis, Structural and Optical Properties of ZrBi 2Se 6 Nanoflowers: A Next-Generation Semiconductor Alloy Material for Optoelectronic Applications. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:31877-31887. [PMID: 36120025 PMCID: PMC9476172 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ZrBi2Se6 nanoflower-like morphology was successfully prepared using a solvothermal method, followed by a quenching process for photoelectrochemical water splitting applications. The formation of ZrBi2Se6 was confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The estimated value of work function and band gap were found to be 5.5 and 2.26 eV measured using diffuse reflection spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, suggesting the potential candidate for water splitting. The highest current density of 9.7 μA/cm2 has been observed for the ZrBi2Se6 photoanode for the applied potential of 0.5 V vs SCE. The flat-band potential value was -0.46 V, and the 1.85 nm width of the depletion region is estimated from the Mott-Schottky (MS) analysis. It also reveals that the charge carrier density for the ZrBi2Se6 nanoflowers is 4.8 × 1015 cm-3. The negative slope of the MS plot indicates that ZrBi2Se6 is a p-type semiconductor. It was observed that ZrBi2Se6 nanoflowers had a high charge transfer resistance of ∼730 kΩ and equivalent capacitance of ∼40 nF calculated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. Using chronoamperometry, the estimated rise time and decay time were 50 ms and 0.25 s, respectively, which reveals the fast photocurrent response and excellent PEC performance of the ZrBi2Se6 photoanode. Furthermore, an attempt has been made to explain the PEC activity of ZrBi2Se6 nanoflowers using an energy band diagram. Thus, the initial results on ZrBi2Se6 nanoflowers appear promising for the PEC activity toward water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Aher
- Department
of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Ashvini Punde
- Department
of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Pratibha Shinde
- Department
of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Shruti Shah
- Department
of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Vidya Doiphode
- Department
of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Ashish Waghmare
- Department
of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Yogesh Hase
- Department
of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Bharat R. Bade
- Department
of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Yogesh Jadhav
- Department
of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
- Symbiosis
Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Symbiosis International Deemed University, Pune 412115, India
| | - Mohit Prasad
- Department
of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
- Department
of Applied Science and Humanities, Pimpri
Chinchwad College of Engineering, Nigdi, Pune 411004, India
| | - Habib M. Pathan
- Department
of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Shashikant P. Patole
- Department
of Physics, Khalifa University of Science
and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE
| | - Sandesh R. Jadkar
- Department
of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
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11
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Abstract
The quest for a clean, renewable and sustainable energy future has been highly sought for by the scientific community over the last four decades. Photocatalytic water splitting is a very promising technology to proffer a solution to present day environmental pollution and energy crises by generating hydrogen fuel through a “green route” without environmental pollution. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have outstanding properties which make them show great potential as effective co-catalysts with photocatalytic materials such as TiO2, ZnO and CdS for photocatalytic water splitting. Integration of TMDCs with a photocatalyst such as TiO2 provides novel nanohybrid composite materials with outstanding characteristics. In this review, we present the current state of research in the application of TMDCs in photocatalytic water splitting. Three main aspects which consider their properties, advances in the synthesis routes of layered TMDCs and their composites as well as their photocatalytic performances in the water splitting reaction are discussed. Finally, we raise some challenges and perspectives in their future application as materials for water-splitting photocatalysts.
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12
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Najafi L, Bellani S, Zappia MI, Serri M, Oropesa‐Nuñez R, Bagheri A, Beydaghi H, Brescia R, Pasquale L, Shinde DV, Zuo Y, Drago F, Mosina K, Sofer Z, Manna L, Bonaccorso F. Transition metal dichalcogenides as catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction: The emblematic case of “inert” ZrSe
2
as catalyst for electrolyzers. NANO SELECT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202100364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michele Serri
- Graphene Labs Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Genova Italy
| | | | - Ahmad Bagheri
- Graphene Labs Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Genova Italy
| | | | - Rosaria Brescia
- Electron Microscopy Facility Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Genova Italy
| | - Lea Pasquale
- Materials Characterization Facility Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Genova Italy
| | | | - Yong Zuo
- NanoChemistry Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Genova Italy
| | - Filippo Drago
- NanoChemistry Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Genova Italy
| | - Kseniia Mosina
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Liberato Manna
- NanoChemistry Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Genova Italy
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13
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Ledneva AY, Chebanova GE, Artemkina SB, Lavrov AN. CRYSTALLINE AND NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS BASED ON TRANSITION METAL DICHALCOGENIDES: SYNTHESIS AND ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476622020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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15
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Wang G, Chang J, Guo SD, Wu W, Tang W, Guo H, Dang S, Wang R, Ang YS. MoSSe/Hf(Zr)S 2 heterostructures used for efficient Z-scheme photocatalytic water-splitting. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:25287-25297. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03764e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
HfS2/SMoSe, HfS2/SeMoS, ZrS2/SMoSe, and ZrS2/SeMoS heterostructures are promising overall water-splitting photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Extraordinary Bond Engineering and Advanced Materials Technology of Chongqing, School of Electronic Information Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
- Institute for Structure and Function & Department of Physics & Chongqing Key Laboratory for Strongly Coupled Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Chongqing Jiulongyuan High-tech Industry Group Co., Ltd, Chongqing 400080, China
| | - Junli Chang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - San-Dong Guo
- School of Electronic Engineering, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China
| | - Weikang Wu
- Research Laboratory for Quantum Materials, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Wenyi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Extraordinary Bond Engineering and Advanced Materials Technology of Chongqing, School of Electronic Information Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Hao Guo
- School of Urban Construction, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
| | - Suihu Dang
- Key Laboratory of Extraordinary Bond Engineering and Advanced Materials Technology of Chongqing, School of Electronic Information Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Institute for Structure and Function & Department of Physics & Chongqing Key Laboratory for Strongly Coupled Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yee Sin Ang
- Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
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16
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Pandit A, Hamad B. The effect of finite-temperature and anharmonic lattice dynamics on the thermal conductivity of ZrS 2monolayer: self-consistent phonon calculations. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:425405. [PMID: 34315140 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac1822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) ZrS2monolayer (ML) has emerged as a promising candidate for thermoelectric (TE) device applications due to its high TE figure of merit, which is mainly contributed by its inherently low lattice thermal conductivity (LTC). This work investigates the effect of the lattice anharmonicity driven by the temperature-dependent phonon dispersions on the thermal transport of ZrS2ML. The calculations are based on the self-consistent phonon (SCP) theory to calculate the thermodynamic parameters along with the LTC. The higher-order (quartic) force constants were extracted by using an efficient compressive sensing lattice dynamics technique, which estimates the necessary data based on the emerging machine learning program as an alternative of computationally expensive density functional theory calculations. Resolve of the degeneracy and hardening of the vibrational frequencies of low-energy optical modes were predicted upon including the quartic anharmonicity. As compared to the conventional Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) approach, the LTC of the optimized ZrS2ML unit cell within SCP + BTE approach is found to be significantly enhanced (e.g., by 21% at 300 K). This enhancement is due to the relatively lower value of phonon linewidth contributed by the anharmonic frequency renormalization included in the SCP theory. Mainly, the conventional BTE approach neglects the temperature dependence of the phonon frequencies due to the consideration of harmonic lattice dynamics and treats the normal process of three-phonon scattering incorrectly due to the use of quasi-particle lifetimes. These limitations are addressed in this work within the SCP + BTE approach, which signifies the validity and accuracy of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhiyan Pandit
- Physics Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States of America
| | - Bothina Hamad
- Physics Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States of America
- Physics Department, The University of Jordan, Amman-11942, Jordan
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17
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Boix-Constant C, Mañas-Valero S, Córdoba R, Baldoví JJ, Rubio Á, Coronado E. Out-of-Plane Transport of 1T-TaS 2/Graphene-Based van der Waals Heterostructures. ACS NANO 2021; 15:11898-11907. [PMID: 34228445 PMCID: PMC8454993 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Due to their anisotropy, layered materials are excellent candidates for studying the interplay between the in-plane and out-of-plane entanglement in strongly correlated systems. A relevant example is provided by 1T-TaS2, which exhibits a multifaceted electronic and magnetic scenario due to the existence of several charge density wave (CDW) configurations. It includes quantum hidden phases, superconductivity and exotic quantum spin liquid (QSL) states, which are highly dependent on the out-of-plane stacking of the CDW. In this system, the interlayer stacking of the CDW is crucial for interpreting the underlying electronic and magnetic phase diagram. Here, atomically thin-layers of 1T-TaS2 are integrated in vertical van der Waals heterostructures based on few-layers graphene contacts and their electrical transport properties are measured. Different activation energies in the conductance and a gap at the Fermi level are clearly observed. Our experimental findings are supported by fully self-consistent DFT+U calculations, which evidence the presence of an energy gap in the few-layer limit, not necessarily coming from the formation of out-of-plane spin-paired bilayers at low temperatures, as previously proposed for the bulk. These results highlight dimensionality as a key effect for understanding quantum materials as 1T-TaS2, enabling the possible experimental realization of low-dimensional QSLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Boix-Constant
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat
de València, Catedrático José Beltrán Martínez n 2, Paterna 46980, Spain
| | - Samuel Mañas-Valero
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat
de València, Catedrático José Beltrán Martínez n 2, Paterna 46980, Spain
| | - Rosa Córdoba
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat
de València, Catedrático José Beltrán Martínez n 2, Paterna 46980, Spain
| | - José J. Baldoví
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat
de València, Catedrático José Beltrán Martínez n 2, Paterna 46980, Spain
| | - Ángel Rubio
- Max
Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
- Nano-Bio
Spectroscopy Group, Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad del País Vasco, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Eugenio Coronado
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat
de València, Catedrático José Beltrán Martínez n 2, Paterna 46980, Spain
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18
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Zhao R, Li D, Wang M, Zheng Y, Xu N, Liu D. Nonlinear optical characteristics of ZrSe 2 and its application for designing multi-wavelength mode-locked operations. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:4806-4813. [PMID: 32543473 DOI: 10.1364/ao.392832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In our work, a ZrSe2-polyvinyl alcohol film-type saturable absorber (SA) with a modulation depth of 4.99% and a saturable intensity of 12.42MW/cm2 was successfully prepared and employed in mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser. The fiber laser can generate stable multi-wavelength mode-locked operations with a threshold power of 224 mW and a maximum average output power of 3.272 mW at the repetition rate of 3.38 MHz for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. Our experimental results fully prove that ZrSe2 nanosheets were efficient SA candidates for demonstrating multi-wavelength mode-locked operation fiber lasers due to their tunable absorption peak and excellent saturable absorption properties.
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19
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Optical and Thermoelectric Properties of Surface-Oxidation Sensitive Layered Zirconium Dichalcogenides ZrS2−xSex (x = 0, 1, 2) Crystals Grown by Chemical Vapor Transport. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10040327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, structure, optical, and thermoelectric properties of layered ZrS2−xSex single crystals with selenium composition of x = 0, 1, and 2 were examined. Single crystals of zirconium dichalcogenides layer compounds were grown by chemical vapor transport method using I2 as the transport agent. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) results indicated that ZrS2−xSex (x = 0, 1, and 2) were crystalized in hexagonal CdI2 structure with one-layer trigonal (1T) stacking type. X-ray photoelectron and energy dispersive X-ray measurements revealed oxidation sensitive behavior of the chalcogenides series. Transmittance and optical absorption showed an indirect optical gap of about 1.78 eV, 1.32 eV, and 1.12 eV for the ZrS2−xSex with x = 0, 1, and 2, respectively. From the result of thermoelectric experiment, ZrSe2 owns the highest figure-of merit (ZT) of ~0.085 among the surface-oxidized ZrS2−xSex series layer crystals at 300 K. The ZT values of the ZrS2−xSex (x = 0, 1, and 2) series also reveal increase with the increase of Se content owing to the increase of carrier concentration and mobility in the highly Se-incorporated zirconium dichalcogenides with surface states.
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20
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Zheng Y, Wang M, Zhao R, Zhang H, Liu D, Li D. Nonlinear optical absorption properties of zirconium selenide in generating dark soliton and dark-bright soliton pairs. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:396-404. [PMID: 32225318 DOI: 10.1364/ao.377776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Our work reports the preparation of zirconium selenide (ZrSe2)-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film-type saturable absorber (SA) and its nonlinear absorption performance in obtaining dark soliton and dark-bright soliton pairs in an Er-doped fiber (EDF) laser for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. The saturation intensity and modulation depth of the ZrSe2-PVA SA were ∼12.72MW/cm2 and 2.3%, respectively. Due to the modulation of the SA, under a pump power of 525.2 mW, stable dark soliton operation with an average output power of 9.75 mW, and a pulse repetition frequency of 20.84 MHz, a pulse width of 3.85 ns was attained successfully. By adjusting the state of the polarization controllers, dark-bright soliton pairs were also observed. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first demonstration focusing on the nonlinear optical absorption applications of ZrSe2 in obtaining dark soliton and dark-bright soliton pairs. Our results show that ZrSe2 is a good two-dimensional SA material for acting as an ultrafast optical device due to its suitable nonlinear optical absorption properties.
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21
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Das T, Di Liberto G, Tosoni S, Pacchioni G. Band Gap of 3D Metal Oxides and Quasi-2D Materials from Hybrid Density Functional Theory: Are Dielectric-Dependent Functionals Superior? J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:6294-6312. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tilak Das
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano—Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Liberto
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano—Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Sergio Tosoni
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano—Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pacchioni
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano—Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
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22
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Nonlinear Optical Properties of Zirconium Diselenide and Its Ultra-Fast Modulator Application. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9101419. [PMID: 31590305 PMCID: PMC6835456 DOI: 10.3390/nano9101419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, two-dimensional (2D) materials have been widely studied by researchers due to their exceptional 2D structure and excellent optical characteristics. As one of the typically-layered 2D transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) semiconductors from group IVB with a bandgap value of 0.9–1.2 eV (bulk to monolayer), the characteristics of zirconium diselenide (ZrSe2) have already been extensively investigated in many fields. However, the nonlinear absorption properties of ZrSe2 in ultra-fast lasers have not been previously demonstrated. In this work, we measured various parameters in order to investigate the characteristics of the nonlinear saturable absorption of ZrSe2. A ZrSe2–polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film was successfully prepared, which was employed as a saturable absorber (SA) to demonstrate, for the first time, an erbium (Er)-doped passive mode-locking fiber laser with a ring cavity. The saturation intensity of the ZrSe2–PVA film-type SA is 12.72 MW/cm2, while its modulation depth is 2.3%. The stable soliton state with a maximum output power of 11.37 mW and a narrowest monopulse duration of 12.5 ps at a repetition frequency of 21.22 MHz was detected. The experimental results conclusively proved that ZrSe2, with its suitable bandgap value and excellent nonlinear absorption properties, as well as its high damage threshold, should have extensive potential applications within the field of ultra-fast pulse lasers.
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23
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Zhou J, Shen L, Costa MD, Persson KA, Ong SP, Huck P, Lu Y, Ma X, Chen Y, Tang H, Feng YP. 2DMatPedia, an open computational database of two-dimensional materials from top-down and bottom-up approaches. Sci Data 2019; 6:86. [PMID: 31189922 PMCID: PMC6561947 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-019-0097-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have been a hot research topic in the last decade, due to novel fundamental physics in the reduced dimension and appealing applications. Systematic discovery of functional 2D materials has been the focus of many studies. Here, we present a large dataset of 2D materials, with more than 6,000 monolayer structures, obtained from both top-down and bottom-up discovery procedures. First, we screened all bulk materials in the database of Materials Project for layered structures by a topology-based algorithm and theoretically exfoliated them into monolayers. Then, we generated new 2D materials by chemical substitution of elements in known 2D materials by others from the same group in the periodic table. The structural, electronic and energetic properties of these 2D materials are consistently calculated, to provide a starting point for further material screening, data mining, data analysis and artificial intelligence applications. We present the details of computational methodology, data record and technical validation of our publicly available data ( http://www.2dmatpedia.org/ ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
| | - Lei Shen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Miguel Dias Costa
- Centre for Advanced Two-dimensional Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117546, Singapore
| | - Kristin A Persson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Shyue Ping Ong
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Patrick Huck
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Yunhao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiaoyang Ma
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
| | - Yiming Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Hanmei Tang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Yuan Ping Feng
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117551, Singapore.
- Centre for Advanced Two-dimensional Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117546, Singapore.
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24
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Li L, Lv R, Wang J, Chen Z, Wang H, Liu S, Ren W, Liu W, Wang Y. Optical Nonlinearity of ZrS₂ and Applications in Fiber Laser. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E315. [PMID: 30818775 PMCID: PMC6473687 DOI: 10.3390/nano9030315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Group VIB transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have been successfully demonstrated as saturable absorbers (SAs) for pulsed fiber lasers. For the group comprising IVB TMDs, applications in this field remain unexplored. In this work, ZrS₂-based SA is prepared by depositing a ZrS₂ nanostructured film onto the side surface of a D-shaped fiber. The nonlinear optical properties of the prepared SA are investigated, which had a modulation depth of 3.3% and a saturable intensity of 13.26 MW/cm². In a pump power range of 144⁻479 mW, the Er-doped fiber (EDF) laser with ZrS₂ can operate in the dual-wavelength Q-switching state. The pulse duration declined from 10.0 μs down to 2.3 μs. The single pulse energy reached 53.0 nJ. The usage of ZrS₂ as a SA for pulse generation in fiber lasers is presented for the first time. Compared to the experimental results of dual-wavelength Q-switched fiber lasers with two-dimensional (2D) materials, our laser performance was better. Our work indicates that the group comprising IVB TMD ZrS₂ has bright prospects for nonlinear optical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China.
| | - Ruidong Lv
- School of Physics and information Technology, Shanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Jiang Wang
- School of Physics and information Technology, Shanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Zhendong Chen
- School of Physics and information Technology, Shanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Huizhong Wang
- School of Physics and information Technology, Shanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Sicong Liu
- School of Physics and information Technology, Shanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Wei Ren
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China.
| | - Wenjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China.
| | - Yonggang Wang
- School of Physics and information Technology, Shanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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25
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Yan P, Gao GY, Ding GQ, Qin D. Bilayer MSe2 (M = Zr, Hf) as promising two-dimensional thermoelectric materials: a first-principles study. RSC Adv 2019; 9:12394-12403. [PMID: 35515840 PMCID: PMC9063645 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00586b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Motivated by experimental synthesis of two-dimensional MSe2 (M = Zr, Hf) thin films, we investigate the thermoelectric transport properties of MSe2 (M = Zr, Hf) bilayers by using first-principles calculations and Boltzmann transport theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yan
- Physics Department
- Binzhou Medical University
- 264003 Yantai
- P. R. China
| | - Guo-ying Gao
- School of Physics
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- 430074 Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Guang-qian Ding
- School of Science
- Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications
- 400065 Chongqing
- P. R. China
| | - Dan Qin
- Physics Department
- Binzhou Medical University
- 264003 Yantai
- P. R. China
- School of Physics
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26
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López-Cabrelles J, Mañas-Valero S, Vitórica-Yrezábal IJ, Bereciartua PJ, Rodríguez-Velamazán JA, Waerenborgh JC, Vieira BJC, Davidovikj D, Steeneken PG, van der Zant HSJ, Mínguez Espallargas G, Coronado E. Isoreticular two-dimensional magnetic coordination polymers prepared through pre-synthetic ligand functionalization. Nat Chem 2018; 10:1001-1007. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-018-0113-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Nikonov K, Ehlen N, Senkovskiy B, Saigal N, Fedorov A, Nefedov A, Wöll C, Di Santo G, Petaccia L, Grüneis A. Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of alkali–metal intercalated ZrSe2. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:2986-2991. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03756b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report on the synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of alkali metal intercalated ZrSe2 single crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niels Ehlen
- II. Physikalisches Institut
- Universität zu Köln
- 50937 Köln
- Germany
| | | | - Nihit Saigal
- II. Physikalisches Institut
- Universität zu Köln
- 50937 Köln
- Germany
| | | | - Alexei Nefedov
- Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie
- Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Christof Wöll
- Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie
- Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
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Mleczko MJ, Zhang C, Lee HR, Kuo HH, Magyari-Köpe B, Moore RG, Shen ZX, Fisher IR, Nishi Y, Pop E. HfSe 2 and ZrSe 2: Two-dimensional semiconductors with native high-κ oxides. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1700481. [PMID: 28819644 PMCID: PMC5553816 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1700481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The success of silicon as a dominant semiconductor technology has been enabled by its moderate band gap (1.1 eV), permitting low-voltage operation at reduced leakage current, and the existence of SiO2 as a high-quality "native" insulator. In contrast, other mainstream semiconductors lack stable oxides and must rely on deposited insulators, presenting numerous compatibility challenges. We demonstrate that layered two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors HfSe2 and ZrSe2 have band gaps of 0.9 to 1.2 eV (bulk to monolayer) and technologically desirable "high-κ" native dielectrics HfO2 and ZrO2, respectively. We use spectroscopic and computational studies to elucidate their electronic band structure and then fabricate air-stable transistors down to three-layer thickness with careful processing and dielectric encapsulation. Electronic measurements reveal promising performance (on/off ratio > 106; on current, ~30 μA/μm), with native oxides reducing the effects of interfacial traps. These are the first 2D materials to demonstrate technologically relevant properties of silicon, in addition to unique compatibility with high-κ dielectrics, and scaling benefits from their atomically thin nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal J. Mleczko
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chaofan Zhang
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Hye Ryoung Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hsueh-Hui Kuo
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Blanka Magyari-Köpe
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Robert G. Moore
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Zhi-Xun Shen
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ian R. Fisher
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yoshio Nishi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Eric Pop
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Precourt Institute for Energy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Corresponding author.
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