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Rungelrath V, Ahmed M, Hicks L, Miller SM, Ryter KT, Montgomery K, Ettenger G, Riffey A, Abdelwahab WM, Khader SA, Evans JT. Vaccination with Mincle agonist UM-1098 and mycobacterial antigens induces protective Th1 and Th17 responses. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:100. [PMID: 38844494 PMCID: PMC11156909 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00897-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is one of the top infectious killers in the world. The only licensed vaccine against TB, Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), provides variable protection against pulmonary TB, especially in adults. Hence, novel TB vaccine approaches are urgently needed. Both Th1 and Th17 responses are necessary for protection against TB, yet effective adjuvants and vaccine delivery systems for inducing robust Th1 and Th17 immunity are lacking. Herein we describe a synthetic Mincle agonist, UM-1098, and a silica nanoparticle delivery system that drives Th1/Th17 responses to Mtb antigens. Stimulation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) with UM-1098 induced high levels of Th17 polarizing cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, IL-23 as well as IL-12p70, IL-4 and TNF-α in vitro. PBMCs from both C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice responded with a similar cytokine pattern in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, intramuscular (I.M.) vaccination with UM-1098-adjuvanted TB antigen M72 resulted in significantly higher antigen-specific IFN-γ and IL-17A levels in C57BL/6 wt mice than Mincle KO mice. Vaccination of C57BL/6 wt mice with immunodominant Mtb antigens ESAT6/Ag85B or M72 resulted in predominantly Th1 and Th17 responses and induced antigen-specific serum antibodies. Notably, in a virulent Mtb challenge model, vaccination with UM-1098 adjuvanted ESAT6/Ag85B or M72 significantly reduced lung bacterial burden when compared with unvaccinated mice and protection occurred in the absence of pulmonary inflammation. These data demonstrate that the synthetic Mincle agonist UM-1098 induces strong Th1 and Th17 immunity after vaccination with Mtb antigens and provides protection against Mtb infection in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Rungelrath
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
- Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Mushtaq Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, 920 E. 58th St., Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Linda Hicks
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
- Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Shannon M Miller
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
- Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Kendal T Ryter
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
- Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Kyle Montgomery
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
- Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - George Ettenger
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
- Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Alexander Riffey
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
- Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Walid M Abdelwahab
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
- Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Shabaana Abdul Khader
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, 920 E. 58th St., Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Jay T Evans
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA.
- Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA.
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El Bejjaji S, Ramos-Yacasi G, Suñer-Carbó J, Mallandrich M, Goršek L, Quilchez C, Calpena AC. Nanocomposite Gels Loaded with Flurbiprofen: Characterization and Skin Permeability Assessment in Different Skin Species. Gels 2024; 10:362. [PMID: 38920910 PMCID: PMC11203155 DOI: 10.3390/gels10060362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanocomposite gels consist of nanoparticles dispersed in a gel matrix. The main aim of this work was to develop nanocomposite gels for topical delivery of Flurbiprofen (FB) for humans and farm animals. Nanocomposite gels were prepared stemming from nanoparticles (NPs) freeze-dried with two different cryoprotectants, D-(+)-trehalose (NPs-TRE) and polyethylene glycol 3350 (NPs-PEG), sterilized by gamma (γ) irradiation, and gelled with Sepigel® 305. Nanocomposite gels with FB-NPs-TRE and FB-NPs-PEG were physiochemically characterized in terms of appearance, pH, morphological studies, porosity, swelling, degradation, extensibility, and rheological behavior. The drug release profile and kinetics were assessed, as well as, the ex vivo permeation of FB was assessed in human, porcine and bovine skin. In vivo studies in healthy human volunteers were tested without FB to assess the tolerance of the gels with nanoparticles. Physicochemical studies demonstrated the suitability of the gel formulations. The ex vivo skin permeation capacity of FB-NPs nanocomposite gels with different cryoprotectants allowed us to conclude that these formulations are suitable topical delivery systems for human and veterinary medicine. However, there were statistically significant differences in the permeation of each formulation depending on the skin. Results suggested that FB-NPs-PEG nanocomposite gel was most suitable for human and porcine skin, and the FB-NPs-TRE nanocomposite gel was most suitable for bovine skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheimah El Bejjaji
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.E.B.); (L.G.); (A.C.C.)
| | - Gladys Ramos-Yacasi
- Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Bioquímicas y Biotecnológicas, Universidad Católica de Santa María (UCSM), Arequipa 04001, Peru;
| | - Joaquim Suñer-Carbó
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.E.B.); (L.G.); (A.C.C.)
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Mallandrich
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.E.B.); (L.G.); (A.C.C.)
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lara Goršek
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.E.B.); (L.G.); (A.C.C.)
| | - Chandler Quilchez
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA;
| | - Ana Cristina Calpena
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.E.B.); (L.G.); (A.C.C.)
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Guo Q, Wang S, Xu R, Tang Y, Xia X. Cancer cell membrane-coated nanoparticles: a promising anti-tumor bionic platform. RSC Adv 2024; 14:10608-10637. [PMID: 38567339 PMCID: PMC10985588 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01026d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle (NP) drug delivery systems have shown promise in tumor therapy. However, limitations such as susceptibility to immune clearance and poor targeting in a complex intercellular environment still exist. Recently, cancer cell membrane-encapsulated nanoparticles (CCM-NPs) constructed using biomimetic nanotechnology have been developed to overcome these problems. Proteins on the membrane surface of cancer cells can provide a wide range of activities for CCM-NPs, including immune escape and homologous cell recognition properties. Meanwhile, the surface of the cancer cell membrane exhibits obvious antigen enrichment, so that CCM-NPs can transmit tumor-specific antigen, activate a downstream immune response, and produce an effective anti-tumor effect. In this review, we first provided an overview of the functions of cancer cell membranes and summarized the preparation techniques and characterization methods of CCM-NPs. Then, we focused on the application of CCM-NPs in tumor therapy. In addition, we summarized the functional modifications of cancer cell membranes and compiled the patent applications related to CCM-NPs in recent years. Finally, we proposed the future challenges and directions of this technology in order to provide guidance for researchers in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha Hunan 410208 China
| | - Shengmei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha Hunan 410208 China
| | - Rubing Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha Hunan 410208 China
| | - Yingnan Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan Vocational College of Science and Technology Changsha Hunan 410208 China
| | - Xinhua Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha Hunan 410208 China
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Hanafy MS, Dao HM, Xu H, Koleng JJ, Sakran W, Cui Z. Effect of the amount of cationic lipid used to complex siRNA on the cytotoxicity and proinflammatory activity of siRNA-solid lipid nanoparticles. Int J Pharm X 2023; 6:100197. [PMID: 37521246 PMCID: PMC10371828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2023.100197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
When preparing siRNA-encapsulated solid lipid nanoparticles (siRNA-SLNs), cationic lipids are commonly included to condense and lipophilize the siRNA and thus increase its encapsulation in the SLNs. Unfortunately, cationic lipids also contribute significantly to the cytotoxicity and proinflammatory activity of the SLNs. Previously, our group developed a TNF-α siRNA-SLN formulation that showed strong activity against rheumatoid arthritis unresponsive to methotrexate in a mouse model. The siRNA-SLNs were composed of lecithin, cholesterol, an acid-sensitive stearoyl polyethylene glycol (2000) conjugate, and siRNA complexes with 1,2-dioleoyl-3trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP), a cationic lipid. The present study was designed to study the effect of the amount of DOTAP used to complex the siRNA on the cytotoxicity and proinflammatory activity of the resultant siRNA-SLNs. A small library of siRNA-SLNs prepared at various ratios of DOTAP to siRNA (i.e., nitrogen to phosphate (N/P) ratios ranging from 34:1 to 1:1) were prepared and characterized, and the cytotoxicity and proinflammatory activity of selected formulations were evaluated in cell culture. As expected, the siRNA-SLNs prepared at the highest N/P ratio showed the highest cytotoxicity to J774A.1 macrophage cells and reducing the N/P ratio lowered the cytotoxicity of the siRNA-SLNs. Unexpectedly, the cytotoxicity of the siRNA-SLNs reached the lowest at the N/P ratios of 16:1 and 12:1, and further reducing the N/P ratio resulted in siRNA-SLNs with increased cytotoxicity. For example, siRNA-SLNs prepared at the N/P ratio of 1:1 was more cytotoxic than the ones prepared at the N/P ratio 12:1. This finding was confirmed using neutrophils differentiated from mouse MPRO cell line. The DOTAP release from the siRNA-SLNs prepared at the N/P ratio of 1:1 was faster than from the ones prepared at the N/P ratio of 12:1. The siRNA-SLNs prepared at N/P ratios of 12:1 and 1:1 showed comparable proinflammatory activities in both macrophages and neutrophils. Additionally, the TNF-α siRNA-SLNs prepared at the N/P ratios of 12:1 and 1:1 were equally effective in downregulating TNF-α expression in J774A.1 macrophages. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that at least in vitro in cell culture, reducing the amount of cationic lipids used when preparing siRNA-SLNs can generally help reduce the cytotoxicity of the resultant SLNs, but siRNA-SLNs prepared with the lowest N/P ratio are not necessarily the least cytotoxic and proinflammatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud S. Hanafy
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Egypt
| | - Huy M. Dao
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA
| | - Haiyue Xu
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA
| | | | - Wedad Sakran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Egypt
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA
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Gugleva V, Andonova V. Recent Progress of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers as Ocular Drug Delivery Platforms. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030474. [PMID: 36986574 PMCID: PMC10058782 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sufficient ocular bioavailability is often considered a challenge by the researchers, due to the complex structure of the eye and its protective physiological mechanisms. In addition, the low viscosity of the eye drops and the resulting short ocular residence time further contribute to the observed low drug concentration at the target site. Therefore, various drug delivery platforms are being developed to enhance ocular bioavailability, provide controlled and sustained drug release, reduce the number of applications, and maximize therapy outcomes. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) exhibit all these benefits, in addition to being biocompatible, biodegradable, and susceptible to sterilization and scale-up. Furthermore, their successive surface modification contributes to prolonged ocular residence time (by adding cationic compounds), enhanced penetration, and improved performance. The review highlights the salient characteristics of SLNs and NLCs concerning ocular drug delivery, and updates the research progress in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viliana Gugleva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 55 Marin Drinov Str., 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Velichka Andonova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 55 Marin Drinov Str., 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
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Martins-Gomes C, Steck J, Keller J, Bunzel M, Santos JA, Nunes FM, Silva AM. Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant, Anti-Acetylcholinesterase, and Anti-α-Glucosidase Activity of Thymus carnosus Extracts: A Three-Year Study on the Impact of Annual Variation and Geographic Location. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030668. [PMID: 36978915 PMCID: PMC10045533 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymus carnosus Boiss. is a near-threatened species, and, as for many species, its potential for medicinal purposes may be lost if measures towards plant protection are not taken. A way of preserving these species is to increase knowledge about their medicinal properties and economic potential. Thus, with the objective of studying the potentiality of introducing T. carnosus as a crop, the stability of the phytochemical profile of T. carnosus was studied during a period of three years by comparing the phytochemical profile of extracts obtained from plants harvested in two different edaphoclimatic locations, as well as by comparing the respective bioactivities, namely, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiaging, and neuroprotective activities. It was reported, for the first time, the effect of annual variation and geographic location in the phytochemical composition of aqueous decoction and hydroethanolic extracts of T. carnosus. In addition, the presence of two salvianolic acid B/E isomers in T. carnosus extracts is here described for the first time. Despite the variations in phytochemical composition, according to harvesting location or year, T. carnosus extracts maintain high antioxidant activity, assessed by their capacity to scavenge ABTS•+, •OH , NO•, O2•- radicals, as well as to prevent β-carotene bleaching. All extracts presented significant potential to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), tyrosinase, and α-glucosidase, denoting neuroprotective, anti-aging, and anti-diabetic potential. In conclusion, the vegetative stage and location of harvest are key factors to obtain the maximum potential of this species, namely, a phytochemical profile with health benefit bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martins-Gomes
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Jan Steck
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Judith Keller
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mirko Bunzel
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - João A Santos
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences and Technology, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Fernando M Nunes
- Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life and Environmental Sciences (ECVA), UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Amélia M Silva
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Biology and Environment, ECVA, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Rodà F, Caraffi R, Picciolini S, Tosi G, Vandelli MA, Ruozi B, Bedoni M, Ottonelli I, Duskey JT. Recent Advances on Surface-Modified GBM Targeted Nanoparticles: Targeting Strategies and Surface Characterization. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032496. [PMID: 36768820 PMCID: PMC9916841 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor, associated with low long-term survival. Nanoparticles (NPs) developed against GBM are a promising strategy to improve current therapies, by enhancing the brain delivery of active molecules and reducing off-target effects. In particular, NPs hold high potential for the targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics both across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and specifically to GBM cell receptors, pathways, or the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review, the most recent strategies to deliver drugs to GBM are explored. The main focus is on how surface functionalizations are essential for BBB crossing and for tumor specific targeting. We give a critical analysis of the various ligand-based approaches that have been used to target specific cancer cell receptors and the TME, or to interfere with the signaling pathways of GBM. Despite the increasing application of NPs in the clinical setting, new methods for ligand and surface characterization are needed to optimize the synthesis, as well as to predict their in vivo behavior. An expert opinion is given on the future of this research and what is still missing to create and characterize a functional NP system for improved GBM targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Rodà
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 20148 Milan, Italy
- Nanotech Lab, TE.FAR.T.I., Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Riccardo Caraffi
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Nanotech Lab, TE.FAR.T.I., Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Tosi
- Nanotech Lab, TE.FAR.T.I., Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Vandelli
- Nanotech Lab, TE.FAR.T.I., Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Barbara Ruozi
- Nanotech Lab, TE.FAR.T.I., Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Marzia Bedoni
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 20148 Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ottonelli
- Nanotech Lab, TE.FAR.T.I., Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Jason Thomas Duskey
- Nanotech Lab, TE.FAR.T.I., Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0592058573
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Molecular Characterization of Thymus capitellatus Extracts and Their Antioxidant, Neuroprotective and Anti-Proliferative Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315187. [PMID: 36499513 PMCID: PMC9738728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymus capitellatus Hoffmanns & Link is an endemic species of the Iberian Peninsula listed as near-threatened, due to its restricted geographical distribution, occurring mainly in Portugal's mainland. In this work, we detail for the first time T. capitellatus extracts' phytochemical composition, as well as an evaluation of bioactivities to point out potential health benefits. Aqueous decoction (AD) and hydroethanolic (HE) extracts were obtained, both rich in flavonoids. However, quercetin-(?)-O-hexoside was identified as the main compound in T. capitellatus HE extract, while the phenolic acid rosmarinic acid was the main component of AD extracts. In addition, HE extract presents significant amounts of salvianolic acids and of the terpenoids oleanolic and ursolic acid. Both extracts showed antioxidant activity, evaluated by their capacity to scavenge ABTS and superoxide radicals, as well as an ability to prevent lipid peroxidation. AD extracts were also effective in scavenging hydroxyl and nitric oxide radicals. As potential functional foods, T. capitellatus extracts presented neuroprotective and anti-diabetic activity, in addition to time- and dose-dependent anti-proliferative activity against Caco-2 (colorectal adenocarcinoma) and HepG2 (hepatic carcinoma) cells. HE extract presented higher cytotoxicity than AD extract, and HepG2 cells were more resistant than Caco-2 cells. After 24 h exposure to HE extract, the IC50 values were 330 μg/mL and 447 μg/mL for Caco-2 and HepG2 cells, respectively. T. capitellatus has potential as a functional food or as a source of bioactive molecules. These results also highlight the need to preserve species with as yet unknown molecular compositions and potential medicinal applications.
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Maparu AK, Singh P, Rai B, Sharma A, Sivakumar S. A simple, robust and scalable route to prepare sub-50 nm soft PDMS nanoparticles for intracellular delivery of anticancer drugs. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:495102. [PMID: 36041371 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac8d99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soft nanoparticles (NPs) have recently emerged as a promising material for intracellular drug delivery. In this regard, NPs derived from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), an FDA approved polymer can be a suitable alternative to conventional soft NPs due to their intrinsic organelle targeting ability. However, the available synthesis methods of PDMS NPs are complicated or require inorganic fillers, forming composite NPs and compromising their native softness. Herein, for the first time, we present a simple, robust and scalable strategy for preparation of virgin sub-50 nm PDMS NPs at room temperature. The NPs are soft in nature, hydrophobic and about 30 nm in size. They are stable in physiological medium for two months and biocompatible. The NPs have been successful in delivering anticancer drug doxorubicin to mitochondria and nucleus of cervical and breast cancer cells with more than four-fold decrease in IC50 value of doxorubicin as compared to its free form. Furthermore, evaluation of cytotoxicity in reactive oxygen species detection, DNA fragmentation, apoptosis-associated gene expression and tumor spheroid growth inhibition demonstrate the PDMS NPs to be an excellent candidate for delivery of anticancer drugs in mitochondria and nucleus of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auhin Kumar Maparu
- Physical Sciences Research Area, TCS Research, Tata Research Development and Design Centre, Tata Consultancy Services, 54-B, Hadapsar Industrial Estate, Pune, Maharashtra-411013, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh-208016, India
| | - Prerana Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh-208016, India
| | - Beena Rai
- Physical Sciences Research Area, TCS Research, Tata Research Development and Design Centre, Tata Consultancy Services, 54-B, Hadapsar Industrial Estate, Pune, Maharashtra-411013, India
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh-208016, India
| | - Sri Sivakumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh-208016, India
- Material Science Programme, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh-208016, India
- Thematic Unit of Excellence on Soft Nanofabrication, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh-208016, India
- Centre for Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh- 208016, India
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Salata GC, Lopes LB. Phosphatidylcholine-Based Nanoemulsions for Paclitaxel and a P-Glycoprotein Inhibitor Delivery and Breast Cancer Intraductal Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091110. [PMID: 36145331 PMCID: PMC9503599 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, incorporation of the cytotoxic agent paclitaxel and the P-glycoprotein inhibitor elacridar in hyaluronic acid (HA)-modified nanoemulsions was studied for intraductal delivery and breast cancer localized treatment. To improve cytotoxicity, we investigated the incorporation of perillyl alcohol or tributyrin as components of the nanoemulsion oil phase. The nanoemulsions presented size <180 nm and negative zeta potential. Both tributyrin and perillyl alcohol increased nanoemulsion cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cells, but not in MDA-MB-231. However, perillyl alcohol reduced nanoemulsion stability in the presence of the drugs. Concomitant incorporation of paclitaxel and elacridar in HA- and tributyrin-containing nanoemulsions (PE-NETri) increased cytotoxicity and reduced IC50 by 1.6 to 3-fold in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells compared to the nanoemulsion containing only paclitaxel (P-NE). This nanoemulsion also produced a 3.3-fold reduction in the viability of MDA-MB-231 spheroids. Elacridar incorporated in the nanoemulsion was capable of inhibiting P-glycoprotein in membranes. In vivo intraductal administration of the NE containing HA resulted in a three-fold higher retention of a fluorescent marker compared to a solution or nanoemulsion without HA, demonstrating the importance of HA. The nanoemulsion produced no histological changes in the mammary tissue. These results support the potential applicability of the nanoemulsion for local breast cancer management.
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Bunnoy A, Thangsunan P, Chokmangmeepisarn P, Yata T, Klongklaew N, Pirarat N, Kitiyodom S, Srisapoome P, Rodkhum C. Mucoadhesive cationic lipid-based Flavobacterium oreochromis nanoencapsulation enhanced the efficacy of mucoadhesive immersion vaccination against columnaris disease and strengthened immunity in Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:633-646. [PMID: 35779812 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Columnaris is a bacterial disease, found in freshwater fish, caused by Flavobacterium oreochromis. The disease has a devastating impact on a range of cultured and wild freshwater fish species e.g. Lates calcarifer (Asian sea bass), which is a serious economic losses to the freshwater aquaculture in Thailand. The disease can be prevented by an efficacious vaccine, however, no licensed effective vaccine is available to date. Current study was based on the development of a novel mucoadhesive nano-encapsulated vaccine (EncapFlavoNP++), where, cationic lipid-based nanoparticles were combined with an antigen obtained from F. oreochromis. Various parameters including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), physiochemical properties; zeta potential, and polydispersity index were determined. The TEM results depicted well-formed circular-shaped nano-encapsulates complexed with cationic lipid surfactants. The average diameter of the molecules was 200 nm, having a zeta potential of 31.82 mV, while, the polydispersity index (PDI) was 0.31. The in vivo study lasted for 8 weeks, the immunologic and protective potentials of the prepared molecules were determined by challenging the fish for 8 weeks. The most effective dilutions of EncapFlavoNP++ solution were 1:100 and 1:200, which significantly improved the efficacy of the immunity by increasing the level of antibody specific to F. oreochromis. A trend of upregulation was found in the immune-related genes including immunoglobulin M heavy chain (IgM), major histocompatibility complex class IIα molecules (MHC-IIα), and dendritic cell specific transcript (DCs) in gills, skin, liver, peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs), head kidneys, and spleen as compared to the control group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01). Upon immunization with EncapFlavoNP++ solution at the dilution of 1:100 and 1:200, the significant increase in survival rate (SR) and relative percent survival (RPS) were found in fish challenged with virulent F. oreochromis bacterium (SR 72.50% and RPS 62.07) and (SR 65.83% and RPS 52.87), respectively as compared to the control group (P < 0.05). It can be concluded that immunization with EncapFlavoNP++ solution has significant immunologic and protective effects against Columnaris disease. Furthermore, the prepared vaccine candidate has more potential as compared to whole-cell immersion vaccination (FK-WC). It can be used on a large scale in the freshwater aquaculture industry to boost immunity against Columnaris disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurak Bunnoy
- Center of Excellence in Fish Infectious Diseases (CE FID), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Patcharapong Thangsunan
- Center of Excellence in Fish Infectious Diseases (CE FID), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Putita Chokmangmeepisarn
- Center of Excellence in Fish Infectious Diseases (CE FID), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Teerapong Yata
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Nawanith Klongklaew
- Phetchaburi Coastal Aquaculture Research and Development Center, Department of Fisheries, Thailand.
| | - Nopadon Pirarat
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Sirikorn Kitiyodom
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Prapansak Srisapoome
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Channarong Rodkhum
- Center of Excellence in Fish Infectious Diseases (CE FID), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Silva AM, Martins-Gomes C, Ferreira SS, Souto EB, Andreani T. Molecular Physicochemical Properties of Selected Pesticides as Predictive Factors for Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis-Dependent Cell Death in Caco-2 and HepG2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158107. [PMID: 35897683 PMCID: PMC9331544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, three pesticides of different physicochemical properties: glyphosate (GLY, herbicide), imidacloprid (IMD, insecticide), and imazalil (IMZ, fungicide), were selected to assess their cytotoxicity against Caco-2 and HepG2 cells. Cell viability was assessed by the Alamar Blue assay, after 24 and 48 h exposure to different concentrations, and IC50 values were calculated. The mechanisms underlying toxicity, namely cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH) content, lipid peroxidation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and apoptosis/necrosis induction were assessed by flow cytometry. Cytotoxic profiles were further correlated with the molecular physicochemical parameters of pesticides, namely: water solubility, partition coefficient in an n-octanol/water (Log Pow) system, topological polar surface area (TPSA), the number of hydrogen-bonds (donor/acceptor), and rotatable bonds. In vitro outputs resulted in the following toxicity level: IMZ (Caco-2: IC50 = 253.5 ± 3.37 μM, and HepG2: IC50 = 94 ± 12 μM) > IMD (Caco-2: IC50 > 1 mM and HepG2: IC50 = 624 ± 24 μM) > GLY (IC50 >>1 mM, both cell lines), after 24 h treatment, being toxicity time-dependent (lower IC50 values at 48 h). Toxicity is explained by oxidative stress, as IMZ induced a higher intracellular ROS increase and lipid peroxidation, followed by IMD, while GLY did not change these markers. However, the three pesticides induced loss of MMP in HepG2 cells while in Caco-2 cells only IMZ produced significant MMP loss. Increased ROS and loss of MMP promoted apoptosis in Caco-2 cells subjected to IMZ, and in HepG2 cells exposed to IMD and IMZ, as assessed by Annexin-V/PI. The toxicity profile of pesticides is directly correlated with their Log Pow, as affinity for the lipophilic environment favours interaction with cell membranes governs, and is inversely correlated with their TPSA; however, membrane permeation is favoured by lower TPSA. IMZ presents the best molecular properties for membrane interaction and cell permeation, i.e., higher Log Pow, lower TPSA and lower hydrogen-bond (H-bond) donor/acceptor correlating with its higher toxicity. In conclusion, molecular physicochemical factors such as Log Pow, TPSA, and H-bond are likely to be directly correlated with pesticide-induced toxicity, thus they are key factors to potentially predict the toxicity of other compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélia M. Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.M.-G.); (S.S.F.)
- Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-259-350-921
| | - Carlos Martins-Gomes
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.M.-G.); (S.S.F.)
- Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Sandrine S. Ferreira
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.M.-G.); (S.S.F.)
- Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Eliana B. Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tatiana Andreani
- Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- GreenUPorto—Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre and Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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13
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Silva AM, Martins-Gomes C, Silva TL, Coutinho TE, Souto EB, Andreani T. In Vitro Assessment of Pesticides Toxicity and Data Correlation with Pesticides Physicochemical Properties for Prediction of Toxicity in Gastrointestinal and Skin Contact Exposure. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10070378. [PMID: 35878283 PMCID: PMC9317861 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10070378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, three pesticides of different physicochemical properties, namely, glyphosate (herbicide), imidacloprid (insecticide) and imazalil (fungicide), were selected to assess their cytotoxicity against distinct cell models (Caco-2, HepG2, A431, HaCaT, SK-MEL-5 and RAW 264.7 cells) to mimic gastrointestinal and skin exposure with potential systemic effect. Cells were subjected to different concentrations of selected pesticides for 24 h or 48 h. Cell viability was assessed by Alamar Blue assay, morphological changes by bright-field microscopy and the IC50 values were calculated. Cytotoxic profiles were analysed using the physico-chemical parameters of the pesticides, namely: molecular weight, water solubility, the partition coefficient in the n-octanol/water (Log Pow) system, the topological polar surface area (TPSA), and number of hydrogen-bonds (donor/acceptor) and rotatable bonds. Results showed that glyphosate did not reduce cell viability (up to 1 mM), imidacloprid induced moderate toxicity (IC50 > 1 mM for Caco-2 cells while IC50 = 305.9 ± 22.4 μM for RAW 264.7 cells) and imazalil was highly cytotoxic (IC50 > 253.5 ± 3.37 for Caco-2 cells while IC50 = 31.3 ± 2.7 μM for RAW 264.7 cells) after 24 h exposure. Toxicity was time-dependent as IC50 values at 48 h exposure were lower, and decrease in cell viability was accompanied by changes in cell morphology. Pesticides toxicity was found to be directly proportional with their Log Pow, indicating that the affinity to a lipophilic environment such as the cell membranes governs their toxicity. Toxicity is inverse to pesticides TPSA, but lower TPSA favours membrane permeation. The lower toxicity against Caco-2 cells was attributed to the physiology and metabolism of cell barriers equipped with various ABC transporters. In conclusion, physicochemical factors such as Log Pow, TPSA and H-bond are likely to be directly correlated with pesticide-induced toxicity, thus being key factors to potentially predict the toxicity of other compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélia M. Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.M.-G.); (T.L.S.); (T.E.C.)
- Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-259-350-921
| | - Carlos Martins-Gomes
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.M.-G.); (T.L.S.); (T.E.C.)
- Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Tânia L. Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.M.-G.); (T.L.S.); (T.E.C.)
- Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Tiago E. Coutinho
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.M.-G.); (T.L.S.); (T.E.C.)
- Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Eliana B. Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tatiana Andreani
- Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- GreenUPorto—Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre & Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Carvalho GC, Marena GD, Karnopp JCF, Jorge J, Sábio RM, Martines MAU, Bauab TM, Chorilli M. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide in the synthesis of mesoporous silica nanoparticles: General aspects and in vitro toxicity. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 307:102746. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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15
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Razavi MS, Ebrahimnejad P, Fatahi Y, D'Emanuele A, Dinarvand R. Recent Developments of Nanostructures for the Ocular Delivery of Natural Compounds. Front Chem 2022; 10:850757. [PMID: 35494641 PMCID: PMC9043530 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.850757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular disorders comprising various diseases of the anterior and posterior segments are considered as the main reasons for blindness. Natural products have been identified as potential treatments for ocular diseases due to their anti-oxidative, antiangiogenic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Unfortunately, most of these beneficial compounds are characterised by low solubility which results in low bioavailability and rapid systemic clearance thus requiring frequent administration or requiring high doses, which hinders their therapeutic applications. Additionally, the therapeutic efficiency of ocular drug delivery as a popular route of drug administration for the treatment of ocular diseases is restricted by various anatomical and physiological barriers. Recently, nanotechnology-based strategies including polymeric nanoparticles, micelles, nanofibers, dendrimers, lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, and niosomes have emerged as promising approaches to overcome limitations and enhance ocular drug bioavailability by effective delivery to the target sites. This review provides an overview of nano-drug delivery systems of natural compounds such as thymoquinone, catechin, epigallocatechin gallate, curcumin, berberine, pilocarpine, genistein, resveratrol, quercetin, naringenin, lutein, kaempferol, baicalin, and tetrandrine for ocular applications. This approach involves increasing drug concentration in the carriers to enhance drug movement into and through the ocular barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Sadat Razavi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pedram Ebrahimnejad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Antony D'Emanuele
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
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16
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Microemulsions and Nanoemulsions in Skin Drug Delivery. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9040158. [PMID: 35447718 PMCID: PMC9028917 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9040158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microemulsions and nanoemulsions are lipid-based pharmaceutical systems with a high potential to increase the permeation of drugs through the skin. Although being isotropic dispersions of two nonmiscible liquids (oil and water), significant differences are encountered between microemulsions and nanoemulsions. Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable o/w emulsions of mean droplet size approximately 100–400 nm, whereas nanoemulsions are thermodynamically unstable o/w emulsions of mean droplet size approximately 1 to 100 nm. Their inner oil phase allows the solubilization of lipophilic drugs, achieving high encapsulation rates, which are instrumental for drug delivery. In this review, the importance of these systems, the key differences regarding their composition and production processes are discussed. While most of the micro/nanoemulsions on the market are held by the cosmetic industry to enhance the activity of drugs used in skincare products, the development of novel pharmaceutical formulations designed for the topical, dermal and transdermal administration of therapeutic drugs is being considered. The delivery of poorly water-soluble molecules through the skin has shown some advantages over the oral route, since drugs escape from first-pass metabolism; particularly for the treatment of cutaneous diseases, topical delivery should be the preferential route in order to reduce the number of drugs used and potential side-effects, while directing the drugs to the site of action. Thus, nanoemulsions and microemulsions represent versatile options for the delivery of drugs through lipophilic barriers, and many synthetic and natural compounds have been formulated using these delivery systems, aiming to improve stability, delivery and bioactivity. Detailed information is provided concerning the most relevant recent scientific publications reporting the potential of these delivery systems to increase the skin permeability of drugs with anti-inflammatory, sun-protection, anticarcinogenic and/or wound-healing activities. The main marketed skincare products using emulsion-based systems are also presented and discussed.
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Mahmoudian M, Maleki Dizaj S, Salatin S, Löbenberg R, Saadat M, Islambulchilar Z, Valizadeh H, Zakeri-Milani P. Oral delivery of solid lipid nanoparticles: underlining the physicochemical characteristics and physiological condition affecting the lipolysis rate. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:1707-1722. [PMID: 34553650 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1982891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lipid-based nano-drug delivery systems (LBNDDSs) have gained widespread attention in oral drug delivery due to their tunable and versatile properties such as biocompatibility and biodegradability, which makes them promising delivery systems for a variety of therapeutics. Currently, different types of LBNDDSs including liposomes, micelles, nanoemulsions, and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are developed for drug delivery applications. SLNs can be used as a controlled drug delivery system for oral delivery applications. However, its lipidic context makes that susceptible to lipolysis. The lipolysis rate of SLNs is affected by many factors that raise many questions for developing a more efficient delivery system. AREAS COVERED In the present work, we highlighted different factors affecting the digestion rate/level of SLNs in the gastrointestinal tract. This paper can be most useful for those researchers who are keen to develop a properly controlled drug delivery system based on SLNs for oral delivery applications. EXPERT OPINION SLNs can be used as a controlled drug delivery system for oral delivery applications. However, its lipidic context makes that susceptible to lipolysis. The lipolysis rate of SLNs is affected by many factors that raise many questions for developing a more efficient delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Solmaz Maleki Dizaj
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sara Salatin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Raimar Löbenberg
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Maryam Saadat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Hadi Valizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Zakeri-Milani
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Essential Oil-Loaded NLC for Potential Intranasal Administration. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081166. [PMID: 34452126 PMCID: PMC8399280 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Complementary and alternative medicines represent an interesting field of research on which worldwide academics are focusing many efforts. In particular, the possibility to exploit pharmaceutical technology strategies, such as the nanoencapsulation, for the delivery of essential oils is emerging as a promising strategy not only in Italy but also all over the world. The aim of this work was the development of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) for the delivery of essential oils (Lavandula, Mentha, and Rosmarinus) by intranasal administration, an interesting topic in which Italian contributions have recently increased. Essential oil-loaded NLC, projected as a possible add-on strategy in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, were characterized in comparison to control formulations prepared with Tegosoft CT and Neem oil. Homogeneous (polydispersity index, PDI < 0.2) nanoparticles with a small size (<200 nm) and good stability were obtained. Morphological and physical-chemical studies showed the formation of different structures depending on the nature of the liquid oil component. In particular, NLC prepared with Lavandula or Rosmarinus showed the formation of a more ordered structure with higher cytocompatibility on two cell lines, murine and human fibroblasts. Taken together, our preliminary results show that optimized positively charged NLC containing Lavandula or Rosmarinus can be proposed as a potential add-on strategy in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases through intranasal administration, due to the well-known beneficial effects of essential oils and the mucoadhesive properties of NLC.
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Ismail R, Baaity Z, Csóka I. Regulatory status quo and prospects for biosurfactants in pharmaceutical applications. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1929-1935. [PMID: 33831583 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The concept of going 'green' and 'cold' has led to utilizing renewable resources for the synthesis of microbial biosurfactants that are both patient and eco-friendly. In this review, we shed light on the potential and regulatory aspects of biosurfactants in pharmaceutical applications and how they can significantly contribute to novel concepts for the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine and future treatment. We emphasize that more specific guidelines should be formulated to regulate the approval of biosurfactants for human use. It is also crucial to implement a risk-based approach from the early research and development (R&D) phase in addition to establishing more robust standardized techniques and assays to evaluate the characteristics of biosurfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruba Ismail
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös Str. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Rerrich Bela Sq.1., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Zain Baaity
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 10 Dóm Square, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Csóka
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös Str. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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Roik NV, Belyakova LA, Dziazko MO. Solubilization of azo dyes by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide micelles as structure control factor at synthesis of ordered mesoporous silicas. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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González-Fernández FM, Bianchera A, Gasco P, Nicoli S, Pescina S. Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for Ophthalmic Administration: Towards Experimental Design Implementation. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040447. [PMID: 33810399 PMCID: PMC8067198 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotherapeutics based on biocompatible lipid matrices allow for enhanced solubility of poorly soluble compounds in the treatment of ophthalmic diseases, overcoming the anatomical and physiological barriers present in the eye, which, despite the ease of access, remains strongly protected. Micro-/nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) or nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) combine liquid and/or solid lipids with surfactants, improving drug stability and ocular bioavailability. Current research and development approaches based on try-and-error methodologies are unable to easily fine-tune nanoparticle populations in order to overcome the numerous constraints of ocular administration routes, which is believed to hamper easy approval from regulatory agencies for these systems. The predictable quality and specifications of the product can be achieved through quality-by-design (QbD) implementation in both research and industrial environments, in contrast to the current quality-by-testing (QbT) framework. Mathematical modelling of the expected final nanoparticle characteristics by variation of operator-controllable variables of the process can be achieved through adequate statistical design-of-experiments (DoE) application. This multivariate approach allows for optimisation of drug delivery platforms, reducing research costs and time, while maximising the understanding of the production process. This review aims to highlight the latest efforts in implementing the design of experiments to produce optimised lipid-based nanocarriers intended for ophthalmic administration. A useful background and an overview of the different possible approaches are presented, serving as a starting point to introduce the design of experiments in current nanoparticle research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe M. González-Fernández
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Viale Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy; (A.B.); (S.N.)
- Nanovector S.r.l., Via Livorno, 60, 10144 Torino, Italy;
- Correspondence: (F.M.G.-F.); (S.P.)
| | - Annalisa Bianchera
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Viale Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy; (A.B.); (S.N.)
| | - Paolo Gasco
- Nanovector S.r.l., Via Livorno, 60, 10144 Torino, Italy;
| | - Sara Nicoli
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Viale Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy; (A.B.); (S.N.)
| | - Silvia Pescina
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Viale Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy; (A.B.); (S.N.)
- Correspondence: (F.M.G.-F.); (S.P.)
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22
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Nabila N, Hassan SR, Larasati GP, Yohan B, Sasmono RT, Adi AC, Iskandar F, Rachmawati H. The Influence of Surface Charge on the Antiviral Effect of Curcumin Loaded in Nanocarrier System. Pharm Nanotechnol 2021; 9:210-216. [PMID: 33563189 DOI: 10.2174/2211738509666210204121258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curcumin is a well-documented bioactive compound present in Curcuma sp., a tropical, medicinal plant. This substance exhibits broad-spectrum biological activities, including antivirus. Despite the lack of pharmaceutical properties of curcumin limits its clinical use. OBJECTIVE This study aims to produce curcumin nanoemulsion with different surface charge (curcumin (+) nanoemulsion and curcumin (-) nanoemulsion) and to evaluate its physical characteristics, in vitro cell cytotoxicity, and antiviral activity against dengue virus (DENV) 1 and 2. METHODS Two forms of nanoemulsion were prepared, which were differed from their surface charge through spontaneous procedure resulting in similar characteristics except for the zeta potential value. Cytotoxicity was determined using the RT-PCR method in the A549 cell line, and anti- DENV properties were determined by calculation of inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) value. RESULTS The positive charge of curcumin-loaded nanoemulsion showed a better effect in reducing the viral replication represented by a lower IC50 value. In addition, DENV-1 was more sensitive and responsive to curcumin as compared to DENV-2. CONCLUSION Positive surface charge of curcumin-loaded nanoemulsion improves the antiviral effect of the curcumin, suggesting a promising approach for alternative treatment for dengue virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najwa Nabila
- School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Ganesa 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Siti R Hassan
- School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Ganesa 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Gladys P Larasati
- School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Ganesa 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Benediktus Yohan
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education, Diponegoro 69 Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - R T Sasmono
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education, Diponegoro 69 Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Annis C Adi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, University of Airlangga, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Ferry Iskandar
- Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Ganesa 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Heni Rachmawati
- School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Ganesa 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
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23
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Basso J, Mendes M, Silva J, Cova T, Luque-Michel E, Jorge AF, Grijalvo S, Gonçalves L, Eritja R, Blanco-Prieto MJ, Almeida AJ, Pais A, Vitorino C. Sorting hidden patterns in nanoparticle performance for glioblastoma using machine learning algorithms. Int J Pharm 2021; 592:120095. [PMID: 33220382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cationic compounds have been described to readily penetrate cell membranes. Assigning positive charge to nanosystems, e.g. lipid nanoparticles, has been identified as a key feature to promote electrostatic binding and design ligand-based constructs for tumour targeting. However, their intrinsic high cytotoxicity has hampered their biomedical application. This paper seeks to establish which cationic compounds and properties are compelling for interface modulation, in order to improve the design of tumour targeted nanoparticles against glioblastoma. How can intrinsic features (e.g. nature, structure, conformation) shape efficacy outcomes? In the quest for safer alternative cationic compounds, we evaluate the effects of two novel glycerol-based lipids, GLY1 and GLY2, on the architecture and performance of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). These two molecules, composed of two alkylated chains and a glycerol backbone, differ only in their polar head and proved to be efficient in reversing the zeta potential of the nanosystems to positive values. The use of unsupervised and supervised machine learning (ML) techniques unraveled their structural similarities: in spite of their common backbone, GLY1 exhibited a better performance in increasing zeta potential and cytotoxicity, while decreasing particle size. Furthermore, NLCs containing GLY1 showed a favorable hemocompatible profile, as well as an improved uptake by tumour cells. Summing-up, GLY1 circumvents the intrinsic cytotoxicity of a common surfactant, CTAB, is effective at increasing glioblastoma uptake, and exhibits encouraging anticancer activity. Moreover, the use of ML is strongly incited for formulation design and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Basso
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, Rua Larga, Pólo I, 1st Floor, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Mendes
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, Rua Larga, Pólo I, 1st Floor, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jessica Silva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, Rua Larga, Pólo I, 1st Floor, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tânia Cova
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Edurne Luque-Michel
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Andreia F Jorge
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Santiago Grijalvo
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain; Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lídia Gonçalves
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ramon Eritja
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain; Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María J Blanco-Prieto
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - António José Almeida
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alberto Pais
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla Vitorino
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, Rua Larga, Pólo I, 1st Floor, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
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24
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Taghouti M, Martins-Gomes C, Félix LM, Schäfer J, Santos JA, Bunzel M, Nunes FM, Silva AM. Polyphenol composition and biological activity of Thymus citriodorus and Thymus vulgaris: Comparison with endemic Iberian Thymus species. Food Chem 2020; 331:127362. [PMID: 32590268 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The polyphenol compositions of Thymus × citriodorus and Thymus vulgaris extracts as obtained by exhaustive hydroethanolic (HE) extraction and aqueous decoction (AD) were compared. In addition, their compositions and bioactivities were compared to those of Thymus pulegioides and Thymus mastichina, grown under the same edaphoclimatic conditions, and Thymus carnosus. Rosmarinic acid was the most abundant polyphenol followed by luteolin-hexuronide, salvianolic acids I and K. Cluster analysis suggests a similarity of the polyphenol composition of T. citriodorus and T. vulgaris. A significant antioxidant activity was observed and correlated with their polyphenol levels. The same being observed for the higher anti-proliferative activity/cytotoxicity of HE extracts on Caco-2 and HepG2 cells as compared to AD extracts. Significant association between the total phenolic compounds with the anti-proliferative activity, for both cell lines, was observed. These results support the importance of salvianolic acids levels in Thymus extracts and their in vitro anti-proliferative/cytotoxic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Taghouti
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001 801 Vila Real, Portugal; Food and Wine Chemistry Lab, Chemistry Research Centre Vila Real (CQ-VR), UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001 801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos Martins-Gomes
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001 801 Vila Real, Portugal; Food and Wine Chemistry Lab, Chemistry Research Centre Vila Real (CQ-VR), UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001 801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luís M Félix
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001 801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Judith Schäfer
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - João A Santos
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001 801 Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Physics, School of Sciences and Technology, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001 801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Mirko Bunzel
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Fernando M Nunes
- Food and Wine Chemistry Lab, Chemistry Research Centre Vila Real (CQ-VR), UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001 801 Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences and Environment, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001 801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Amélia M Silva
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001 801 Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001 801 Vila Real, Portugal.
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25
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Witika BA, Makoni PA, Matafwali SK, Chabalenge B, Mwila C, Kalungia AC, Nkanga CI, Bapolisi AM, Walker RB. Biocompatibility of Biomaterials for Nanoencapsulation: Current Approaches. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1649. [PMID: 32842562 PMCID: PMC7557593 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanoencapsulation is an approach to circumvent shortcomings such as reduced bioavailability, undesirable side effects, frequent dosing and unpleasant organoleptic properties of conventional drug delivery systems. The process of nanoencapsulation involves the use of biomaterials such as surfactants and/or polymers, often in combination with charge inducers and/or ligands for targeting. The biomaterials selected for nanoencapsulation processes must be as biocompatible as possible. The type(s) of biomaterials used for different nanoencapsulation approaches are highlighted and their use and applicability with regard to haemo- and, histocompatibility, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenesis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bwalya A. Witika
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa; (B.A.W.); (P.A.M.)
| | - Pedzisai A. Makoni
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa; (B.A.W.); (P.A.M.)
| | - Scott K. Matafwali
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, Ndola 10101, Zambia;
| | - Billy Chabalenge
- Department of Market Authorization, Zambia Medicines Regulatory Authority, Lusaka 10101, Zambia;
| | - Chiluba Mwila
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (C.M.); (A.C.K.)
| | - Aubrey C. Kalungia
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (C.M.); (A.C.K.)
| | - Christian I. Nkanga
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, P.O. Box 212, Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of the Congo;
| | - Alain M. Bapolisi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa;
| | - Roderick B. Walker
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa; (B.A.W.); (P.A.M.)
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26
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Landh E, Moir LM, Traini D, Young PM, Ong HX. Properties of rapamycin solid lipid nanoparticles for lymphatic access through the lungs & part II: the effect of nanoparticle charge. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:1947-1963. [PMID: 32812483 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Lymphangioleiomyomatosis is characterized by smooth muscle-like cells in the lungs that spread to other organs via lymphatic vessels. Oral rapamycin is restricted by low bioavailability approximately 15%. The aim of the present study is to systematically investigate the effect of inhaled rapamycin solid lipid nanoparticles (Rapa-SLN) surface charge on efficacy and penetration into the lymphatics. Materials & methods: Rapa-SLN formulations with different charge: neutral, positive and negative, were produced and assessed for their physicochemical particle characteristics and efficacy in vitro. Results: Negative Rapa-SLNs were significantly faster at entering the lymphatic endothelium and more potent at inhibiting lymphanigiogenesis compared with neutral and positive Rapa-SLNs. Conclusion: Negative Rapa-SLNs showed efficient lymphatic access and should therefore be investigated further as a treatment for targeting extrapulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelie Landh
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, NSW, 2037, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Lyn M Moir
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, NSW, 2037, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Daniela Traini
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, NSW, 2037, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Paul M Young
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, NSW, 2037, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Hui X Ong
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, NSW, 2037, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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27
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Yin JM, Wang HL, Yang ZK, Wang J, Wang Z, Duan LS, Li ZH, Tan WM. Engineering Lignin Nanomicroparticles for the Antiphotolysis and Controlled Release of the Plant Growth Regulator Abscisic Acid. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:7360-7368. [PMID: 32627551 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is the most abundant aromatic biopolymer in nature and is a major byproduct from the paper industry. The unlocking of lignin's potential for high-value applications has gained increasing attention in recent years. In this study, alkali lignin (AL), with a rigid conjugated structure and amphiphilic property, was used as a sustainable and eco-friendly encapsulation material for the protection and controlled release of photosensitive abscisic acid (ABA), an important and widely used plant growth regulator. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was used to induce the formation of AL-CTAB nanomicroparticles by self-assembly. The size and morphology of AL-CTAB particles were modified by changing the AL concentration and the dispersion agent. AL (0.3 M) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran could form a uniform size (300 nm) of particles with a regular spherical structure. Subsequently, ABA was loaded on the prepared nanomicroparticles to synthesize the capsule formulation of ABA@AL-CTAB. The controlled-release behavior and the antiphotolysis performance as well as the thermal stability of ABA@AL-CTAB were proved to be superior. Lasting inhibition of Arabidopsis and rice seed germination by ABA@AL-CTAB under light irradiations implied protection of ABA from photolysis. In addition, ABA@AL-CTAB could effectively regulate plant stomata, thereby increasing plant drought resistance. Overall, lignin is suitable for the preparation of agrochemical formulations with excellent controlled release and antiphotolysis performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ming Yin
- Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education, Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hong-Liang Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education, Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhi-Kun Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education, Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education, Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education, Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liu-Sheng Duan
- Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education, Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhao-Hu Li
- Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education, Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei-Ming Tan
- Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education, Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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28
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Natural Ergot Alkaloids in Ocular Pharmacotherapy: Known Molecules for Novel Nanoparticle-Based Delivery Systems. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10070980. [PMID: 32630018 PMCID: PMC7408209 DOI: 10.3390/biom10070980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several pharmacological properties are attributed to ergot alkaloids as a result of their antibacterial, antiproliferative, and antioxidant effects. Although known for their biomedical applications (e.g., for the treatment of glaucoma), most ergot alkaloids exhibit high toxicological risk and may even be lethal to humans and animals. Their pharmacological profile results from the structural similarity between lysergic acid-derived compounds and noradrenalin, dopamine, and serotonin neurotransmitters. To reduce their toxicological risk, while increasing their bioavailability, improved delivery systems were proposed. This review discusses the safety aspects of using ergot alkaloids in ocular pharmacology and proposes the development of lipid and polymeric nanoparticles for the topical administration of these drugs to enhance their therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of glaucoma.
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29
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Lima E, E. Boto R, Ferreira D, R. Fernandes J, Almeida P, F. V. Ferreira L, Souto EB, Silva AM, V. Reis L. Quinoline‑ and Benzoselenazole-Derived Unsymmetrical Squaraine Cyanine Dyes: Design, Synthesis, Photophysicochemical Features and Light-Triggerable Antiproliferative Effects against Breast Cancer Cell Lines. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13112646. [PMID: 32531981 PMCID: PMC7321604 DOI: 10.3390/ma13112646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is an innovative treatment approach broadly directed towards oncological diseases. Its applicability and efficiency are closely related to the interaction of three main components, namely a photosensitizer, light and molecular triplet oxygen, which should drive cell death. Recently, several studies have demonstrated that squaraine cyanine dyes have a set of photophysical and photochemical properties that have made of these compounds’ potential photosensitizers for this therapeutic modality. In the present research work, we describe the synthesis and characterization of four quinoline- and benzoselenazole-derived unsymmetrical squaraine cyanine dyes. Except for the precursor of aminosquaraine dyes, i.e., O-methylated derivative, all dyes were evaluated for their behavior and absorption capacity in different organic and aqueous solvents, their ability to form singlet oxygen, their light-stability, and in vitro phototherapeutic effects against two human breast cancer cell cultures (BT-474 and MCF-7). Regardless of the nature of the used solvents, the synthesized dyes showed intense absorption in the red and near-infrared spectral regions, despite the formation of aggregates in aqueous media. Dyes showed high light-stability against light exposure. Despite the low ability to produce singlet oxygen, aminosquaraine dyes demonstrated worthy in vitro phototherapeutic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eurico Lima
- Chemistry Centre of Vila Real (CQ-VR), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (E.L.); (J.R.F.)
| | - Renato E. Boto
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (R.E.B.); (P.A.)
| | - Diana Ferreira
- Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), Higher Technical Institute, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (D.F.); (L.F.V.F.)
| | - José R. Fernandes
- Chemistry Centre of Vila Real (CQ-VR), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (E.L.); (J.R.F.)
| | - Paulo Almeida
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (R.E.B.); (P.A.)
| | - Luis F. V. Ferreira
- Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), Higher Technical Institute, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (D.F.); (L.F.V.F.)
| | - Eliana B. Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Amélia M. Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment (DeBA), and Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.M.S.); (L.V.R.)
| | - Lucinda V. Reis
- Chemistry Centre of Vila Real (CQ-VR), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (E.L.); (J.R.F.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.S.); (L.V.R.)
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Silva AM, Martins-Gomes C, Souto EB, Schäfer J, Santos JA, Bunzel M, Nunes FM. Thymus zygis subsp. zygis an Endemic Portuguese Plant: Phytochemical Profiling, Antioxidant, Anti-Proliferative and Anti-Inflammatory Activities. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060482. [PMID: 32503184 PMCID: PMC7346176 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymus zygis subsp. zygis is an endemic Portuguese plant belonging to the Thymus zygis species. Although T. zygis is commonly used as a condiment and as a medicinal herb, a detailed description of the polyphenol composition of hydroethanolic (HE) and aqueous decoction (AD) extracts is not available. In this work, we describe for the first time a detailed phenolic composition of Thymus zygis subsp. zygis HE and AD extracts, together with their antioxidant, anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activities. Unlike other Thymus species, T. zygis subsp. zygis extracts contain higher amounts of luteolin-(?)-O-hexoside. However, the major phenolic compound is rosmarinic acid, and high amounts of salvianolic acids K and I were also detected. T. zygis subsp. zygis extracts exhibited significant scavenging activity of ABTS+, hydroxyl (•OH), and nitric oxide (NO) radicals. Regarding the anti-proliferative/cytotoxic effect, tested against Caco-2 and HepG2 cells, the AD extract only slightly reduced cell viability at higher concentrations (IC50 > 600 µg/mL, 48 h exposure), denoting very low toxicity, while the HE extract showed a high anti-proliferative effect, especially at 48 h exposure (IC50 of 85.01 ± 15.10 μg/mL and 82.19 ± 2.46 μg/mL, for Caco-2 and HepG2, respectively). At non-cytotoxic concentrations, both extracts reduced the nitric oxide (NO) release by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells (at 50 μg/mL, HE and AD extracts inhibited NO release in ~89% and 48%, respectively). In conclusion, the results highlight the non-toxic effect of aqueous extracts, both resembling the consumption of antioxidants in foodstuff or in functional food. Furthermore, the HE extract of T. zygis subsp. zygis is a source of promising molecules with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities, highlighting its potential as a source of bioactive ingredients for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélia M. Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), UTAD, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.M.-G.); (J.A.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.S.); (F.M.N.); Tel.: +351-259-350-921 (A.M.S.); +351-259-350-907 (F.M.N.)
| | - Carlos Martins-Gomes
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), UTAD, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.M.-G.); (J.A.S.)
- Food and Wine Chemistry Lab., Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), UTAD, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Eliana B. Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CEB–Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Judith Schäfer
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20a, Building 50.41, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (J.S.); (M.B.)
| | - João A. Santos
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), UTAD, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.M.-G.); (J.A.S.)
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences and Technology, UTAD, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Mirko Bunzel
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20a, Building 50.41, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (J.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Fernando M. Nunes
- Food and Wine Chemistry Lab., Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), UTAD, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences and Environment, UTAD, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.M.S.); (F.M.N.); Tel.: +351-259-350-921 (A.M.S.); +351-259-350-907 (F.M.N.)
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Souto EB, Baldim I, Oliveira WP, Rao R, Yadav N, Gama FM, Mahant S. SLN and NLC for topical, dermal, and transdermal drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 17:357-377. [PMID: 32064958 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1727883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: From a biopharmaceutical standpoint, the skin is recognized as an interesting route for drug delivery. In general, small molecules are able to penetrate the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the skin. In contrast, the delivery of larger molecules, such as peptides and proteins, remains a challenge. Nanoparticles have been exploited not only to enhance skin penetration of drugs but also to expand the range of molecules to be clinically used.Areas covered: This review focus on Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) for skin administration. We discuss the selection criteria for lipids, surfactants, and surface modifiers commonly in use in SLN/NLC, their production techniques, and the range of drugs loaded in these lipid nanoparticles for the treatment of skin disorders.Expert opinion: Depending on the lipid and surfactant composition, different nanoparticle morphologies can be generated. Both SLN and NLC are composed of lipids that resemble those of the skin and sebum, which contribute to their enhanced biocompatibility, with limited toxicological risk. SLN and NLC can be loaded with very chemically different drugs, may provide a tunable release profile, can be produced in a sterilized environment, and be scaled-up without the need for organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana B Souto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Coimbra, Portugal.,CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Iara Baldim
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Wanderley P Oliveira
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rekha Rao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Nitesh Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Francisco M Gama
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sheefali Mahant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
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Souto EB, Souto SB, Zielinska A, Durazzo A, Lucarini M, Santini A, Horbańczuk OK, Atanasov AG, Marques C, Andrade LN, Silva AM, Severino P. Perillaldehyde 1,2-epoxide Loaded SLN-Tailored mAb: Production, Physicochemical Characterization and In Vitro Cytotoxicity Profile in MCF-7 Cell Lines. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12020161. [PMID: 32079103 PMCID: PMC7076521 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a new cationic solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) formulation, composed of Compritol ATO 888, poloxamer 188 and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), to load perillaldehyde 1,2-epoxide, and surface-tailored with a monoclonal antibody for site-specific targeting of human epithelial growth receptor 2 (HER2). Perillaldehyde 1,2-epoxide-loaded cationic SLN (cPa-SLN), with a mean particle size (z-Ave) of 275.31 ± 4.78 nm and polydispersity index (PI) of 0.303 ± 0.081, were produced by high shear homogenization. An encapsulation efficiency of cPa-SLN above 80% was achieved. The release of perillaldehyde 1,2-epoxide from cationic SLN followed the Korsemeyer-Peppas kinetic model, which is typically seen in nanoparticle formulations. The lipid peroxidation of cPa-SLN was assessed by the capacity to produce thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, while the antioxidant activity was determined by the capacity to scavenge the stable radical DPPH. The surface functionalization of cPa-SLN with the antibody was done via streptavidin-biotin interaction, monitoring z-Ave, PI and ZP of the obtained assembly (cPa-SLN-SAb), as well as its stability in phosphate buffer. The effect of plain cationic SLN (c-SLN, monoterpene free), cPa-SLN and cPa-SLN-SAb onto the MCF-7 cell lines was evaluated in a concentration range from 0.01 to 0.1 mg/mL, confirming that streptavidin adsorption onto cPa-SLN-SAb improved the cell viability in comparison to the cationic cPa-SLN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana B. Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy (FFUC), University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Correspondence: (E.B.S.); (A.S.); (P.S.); Tel.: +351-239-488-400 (E.B.S.); Tel.: +39-81-253-9317 (A.S.); +55-79-3218-2190 (P.S.)
| | - Selma B. Souto
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Aleksandra Zielinska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy (FFUC), University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Alessandra Durazzo
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy; (A.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Massimo Lucarini
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy; (A.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.B.S.); (A.S.); (P.S.); Tel.: +351-239-488-400 (E.B.S.); Tel.: +39-81-253-9317 (A.S.); +55-79-3218-2190 (P.S.)
| | - Olaf K. Horbańczuk
- Department of Technique and Food Product Development, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW) 159c Nowoursynowska, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Conrado Marques
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine (LNMED), Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas 300, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil;
- Industrial Biotechnology Program, University of Tiradentes (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas 300, Aracaju 49032-490, Brazil
- Tiradentes Institute, 150 Mt Vernon St, Dorchester, MA 02125, USA
| | - Luciana N. Andrade
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, Institute of Technology and Research, Aracaju SE 49032-490, Brazil;
- School of Pharmacy, University Tiradentes, Aracaju SE 49032-490, Brazil
| | - Amélia M. Silva
- School of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Patricia Severino
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine (LNMED), Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas 300, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil;
- Industrial Biotechnology Program, University of Tiradentes (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas 300, Aracaju 49032-490, Brazil
- Tiradentes Institute, 150 Mt Vernon St, Dorchester, MA 02125, USA
- Correspondence: (E.B.S.); (A.S.); (P.S.); Tel.: +351-239-488-400 (E.B.S.); Tel.: +39-81-253-9317 (A.S.); +55-79-3218-2190 (P.S.)
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Sucupira Oil-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC): Lipid Screening, Factorial Design, Release Profile, and Cytotoxicity. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030685. [PMID: 32041134 PMCID: PMC7038118 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils are odorant liquid oily products consisting of a complex mixture of volatile compounds obtained from a plant raw material. They have been increasingly proven to act as potential natural agents in the treatment of several human conditions, including diabetes mellitus (DM). DM is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia closely related to carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism disturbances. In order to explore novel approaches for the management of DM our group proposes the encapsulation of sucupira essential oil, obtained from the fruits of the Brazilian plants of the genus Pterodon, in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), a second generation of lipid nanoparticles which act as new controlled drug delivery system (DDS). Encapsulation was performed by hot high-pressure homogenization (HPH) technique and the samples were then analyzed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) for mean average size and polydispersity index (PI) and by electrophoretic light scattering (ELS) for zeta potential (ZP), immediately after production and after 24 h of storage at 4 °C. An optimal sucupira-loaded NLC was found to consist of 0.5% (m/V) sucupira oil, 4.5% (m/V) of Kollivax® GMS II and 1.425% (m/V) of TPGS (formulation no. 6) characterized by a mean particle size ranging from 148.1 ± 0.9815 nm (0 h) to 159.3 ± 9.539 nm (at 24 h), a PI from 0.274 ± 0.029 (0 h) to 0.305 ± 0.028 (24 h) and a ZP from −0.00236 ± 0.147 mV (at 0 h) to 0.125 ± 0.162 (at 24 h). The encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity were 99.98% and 9.6%, respectively. The optimized formulation followed a modified release profile fitting the first order kinetics, over a period of 8 h. In vitro cytotoxicity studies were performed against Caco-2 cell lines, for which the cell viability above 90% confirmed the non-cytotoxic profile of both blank and sucupira oil-loaded NLC.
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Chemical Characterization and Bioactivity of Extracts from Thymus mastichina: A Thymus with a Distinct Salvianolic Acid Composition. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 9:antiox9010034. [PMID: 31906063 PMCID: PMC7022745 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymus mastichina, also called mastic thyme or Spanish marjoram, is endemic to the Iberian Peninsula, where it is widely used in folk medicine especially for treating digestive and respiratory systems disorders, and as a condiment to season olives. This work describes for the first time the detailed phenolic composition of exhaustive hydroethanolic extracts and aqueous decoctions of Thymus mastichina. Unlike other species of the Thymus genera, Thymus mastichina extracts contain high amounts of salvianolic acid derivatives, with salvianolic acid A isomer being the main derivative. This isomer was identified in extracts from Thymus mastichina for the first time. Also, an undescribed salvianolic acid derivative in Thymus mastichina was identified and its structure was tentatively described. Extracts from Thymus mastichina showed significant scavenging activity of 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical cation, hydroxyl, and nitric oxide radicals. The anti-proliferative effect of both T. mastichina extracts were tested against Caco-2 and HepG2 cells; the hydroethanolic extract showed a high anti-proliferative activity against Caco-2 cells compared to HepG2 cells (at 24 h exposure, the concentration that inhibits 50% of proliferation, IC50, was 71.18 ± 1.05 µg/mL and 264.60 ± 11.78 µg/mL for Caco-2 and HepG2, respectively). Thus, these results make this species a promising candidate for further investigation of its anti-tumoral potential. Therefore, Thymus mastichina can be potentially used as a functional food (used as a decoction or herbal tea) or as a source of bioactive ingredients with antioxidant and anti-proliferative properties.
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Silva AM, Silva SC, Soares JP, Martins-Gomes C, Teixeira JP, Leal F, Gaivão I. Ginkgo biloba L. Leaf Extract Protects HepG2 Cells Against Paraquat-Induced Oxidative DNA Damage. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8120556. [PMID: 31795413 PMCID: PMC6963582 DOI: 10.3390/plants8120556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba L. leaf extracts and herbal infusions are used worldwide due to the health benefits that are attributed to its use, including anti-neoplastic, anti-aging, neuro-protection, antioxidant and others. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an aqueous Ginkgo biloba extract on HepG2 cell viability, genotoxicity and DNA protection against paraquat-induced oxidative damage. Exposure to paraquat (PQ), over 24 h incubation at 1.0 and 1.5 µM, did not significantly reduce cell viability but induced concentration and time-dependent oxidative DNA damage. Ginkgo biloba leaf extract produced dose-dependent cytotoxicity (IC50 = 540.8 ± 40.5 µg/mL at 24 h exposure), and short incubations (1 h) produced basal and oxidative DNA damage (>750 and 1500 µg/mL, respectively). However, lower concentrations (e.g., 75 µg/mL) of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract were not cytotoxic and reduced basal DNA damage, indicating a protective effect at incubations up to 4 h. On the other hand, longer incubations (24 h) induced oxidative DNA damage. Co-incubation of HepG2 cells for 4 h, with G. biloba leaf extract (75 µg/mL) and PQ (1.0 or 1.5 µM) significantly reduced PQ-induced oxidative DNA damage. In conclusion, the consumption of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract for long periods at high doses/concentrations is potentially toxic; however, low doses protect the cells against basal oxidative damage and against environmentally derived toxicants that induce oxidative DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélia M. Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (ECVA, UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (S.C.S.); (C.M.-G.)
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, (CITAB-UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila-Real, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.M.S.); (I.G.); Tel.: +351-259350921 (A.M.S.); +351-259350734 (I.G.)
| | - Sandra C. Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (ECVA, UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (S.C.S.); (C.M.-G.)
- Department of Genetic and Biotechnology, (ECVA, UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila-Real, Portugal;
| | - Jorge P. Soares
- Research Center in Sports, Health Sciences and Human Development, ECVA, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos Martins-Gomes
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (ECVA, UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (S.C.S.); (C.M.-G.)
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, (CITAB-UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila-Real, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal;
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-091 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Leal
- Department of Genetic and Biotechnology, (ECVA, UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila-Real, Portugal;
- BioISI—Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (BioISI-UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Isabel Gaivão
- Department of Genetic and Biotechnology, (ECVA, UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila-Real, Portugal;
- The Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, (CECAV-UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.M.S.); (I.G.); Tel.: +351-259350921 (A.M.S.); +351-259350734 (I.G.)
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