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Baharvand F, Habibi Roudkenar M, Pourmohammadi-Bejarpasi Z, Najafi-Ghalehlou N, Feizkhah A, Bashiri Aliabadi S, Salari A, Mohammadi Roushandeh A. Safety and efficacy of platelet-derived mitochondrial transplantation in ischaemic heart disease. Int J Cardiol 2024; 410:132227. [PMID: 38844091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.132227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains a globally significant health challenge in spite of improvement in management strategy. Being aware that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a crucial role in ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) modulation, empirical evidence suggests functional mitochondrial transplantation strikes as a reliable therapeutic approach for patients with acute myocardial infarction. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted a prospective, triple-blinded, parallel-group, blocked randomised clinical trial to investigate the therapeutic effects and clinical outcomes of platelet-derived mitochondrial transplantation in 30 patients with acute STEMI, such that the 15 subjects in the control group were given standard of care treatment, whereas the subjects in the intervention group received autologous platelet-derived mitochondria through the intracoronary injection. We observed that within 40 days, the intervention group had a slightly greater improvement in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) compared to the control group and experienced a significant enhancement in the exercise capacity (p < 0.001). Moreover, major adverse cardiac events (MACE), arrhythmia, fever, and tachycardia were compared between the groups and lack of significant difference marks the safety of mitochondrial transplantation (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the two groups were not significantly distinct as regards the average length of stay for a hospitalisation (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION We suggest platelet-derived mitochondrial transplantation appears as a beneficial and highly promising therapeutic option for patients of ischaemic heart disease (IHD); however, we are aware that further in-depth studies with larger sample sizes along with longer follow-up periods are necessary for validating the clinical implications of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Baharvand
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Zahra Pourmohammadi-Bejarpasi
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Nima Najafi-Ghalehlou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Alireza Feizkhah
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Somaye Bashiri Aliabadi
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Arsalan Salari
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Amaneh Mohammadi Roushandeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Kadam PS, Yang Z, Lu Y, Zhu H, Atiyas Y, Shah N, Fisher S, Nordgren E, Kim J, Issadore D, Eberwine J. Single-Mitochondrion Sequencing Uncovers Distinct Mutational Patterns and Heteroplasmy Landscape in Mouse Astrocytes and Neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.13.598906. [PMID: 38915628 PMCID: PMC11195285 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.13.598906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial (mt) heteroplasmy can cause adverse biological consequences when deleterious mtDNA mutations accumulate disrupting 'normal' mt-driven processes and cellular functions. To investigate the heteroplasmy of such mtDNA changes we developed a moderate throughput mt isolation procedure to quantify the mt single-nucleotide variant (SNV) landscape in individual mouse neurons and astrocytes In this study we amplified mt-genomes from 1,645 single mitochondria (mts) isolated from mouse single astrocytes and neurons to 1. determine the distribution and proportion of mt-SNVs as well as mutation pattern in specific target regions across the mt-genome, 2. assess differences in mtDNA SNVs between neurons and astrocytes, and 3. Study cosegregation of variants in the mouse mtDNA. Results 1. The data show that specific sites of the mt-genome are permissive to SNV presentation while others appear to be under stringent purifying selection. Nested hierarchical analysis at the levels of mitochondrion, cell, and mouse reveals distinct patterns of inter- and intra-cellular variation for mt-SNVs at different sites. 2. Further, differences in the SNV incidence were observed between mouse neurons and astrocytes for two mt-SNV 9027:G>A and 9419:C>T showing variation in the mutational propensity between these cell types. Purifying selection was observed in neurons as shown by the Ka/Ks statistic, suggesting that neurons are under stronger evolutionary constraint as compared to astrocytes. 3. Intriguingly, these data show strong linkage between the SNV sites at nucleotide positions 9027 and 9461. Conclusion This study suggests that segregation as well as clonal expansion of mt-SNVs is specific to individual genomic loci, which is important foundational data in understanding of heteroplasmy and disease thresholds for mutation of pathogenic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parnika S Kadam
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zijian Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Youtao Lu
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yasemin Atiyas
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nishal Shah
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephen Fisher
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Erik Nordgren
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Junhyong Kim
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David Issadore
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - James Eberwine
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Laird M, Ku JC, Raiten J, Sriram S, Moore M, Li Y. Mitochondrial metabolism regulation and epigenetics in hypoxia. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1393232. [PMID: 38915781 PMCID: PMC11194441 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1393232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The complex and dynamic interaction between cellular energy control and gene expression modulation is shown by the intersection between mitochondrial metabolism and epigenetics in hypoxic environments. Poor oxygen delivery to tissues, or hypoxia, is a basic physiological stressor that sets off a series of reactions in cells to adapt and endure oxygen-starved environments. Often called the "powerhouse of the cell," mitochondria are essential to cellular metabolism, especially regarding producing energy through oxidative phosphorylation. The cellular response to hypoxia entails a change in mitochondrial metabolism to improve survival, including epigenetic modifications that control gene expression without altering the underlying genome. By altering the expression of genes involved in angiogenesis, cell survival, and metabolism, these epigenetic modifications help cells adapt to hypoxia. The sophisticated interplay between mitochondrial metabolism and epigenetics in hypoxia is highlighted by several important points, which have been summarized in the current article. Deciphering the relationship between mitochondrial metabolism and epigenetics during hypoxia is essential to understanding the molecular processes that regulate cellular adaptation to reduced oxygen concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Laird
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Jennifer C. Ku
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Jacob Raiten
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Sashwat Sriram
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Megan Moore
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Biomedical Engineering, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
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Suzuki I, Xing H, Giblin J, Ashraf A, Chung EJ. Nanoparticle-based therapeutic strategies for mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:895-913. [PMID: 38217313 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Although cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of global mortality, there is a lack of therapies that target and revert underlying pathological processes. Mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the pathophysiology of CVD, and thus is a potential target for therapeutic development. To target the mitochondria and improve therapeutic efficacy, nanoparticle-based delivery systems have been proposed as promising strategies for the delivery of therapeutic agents to the mitochondria. This review will first discuss how mitochondrial dysfunction is related to the progression of several CVD and then delineate recent progress in mitochondrial targeting using nanoparticle-based delivery systems including peptide-based nanosystems, polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, and lipid nanoparticles. In addition, we summarize the advantages of these nanocarriers and remaining challenges in targeting the mitochondria as a therapeutic strategy for CVD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Suzuki
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Huihua Xing
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joshua Giblin
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anisa Ashraf
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eun Ji Chung
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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5
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Hinton AO, N'jai AU, Vue Z, Wanjalla C. Connection Between HIV and Mitochondria in Cardiovascular Disease and Implications for Treatments. Circ Res 2024; 134:1581-1606. [PMID: 38781302 PMCID: PMC11122810 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.324296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy alter mitochondrial function, which can progressively lead to mitochondrial damage and accelerated aging. The interaction between persistent HIV reservoirs and mitochondria may provide insight into the relatively high rates of cardiovascular disease and mortality in persons living with HIV. In this review, we explore the intricate relationship between HIV and mitochondrial function, highlighting the potential for novel therapeutic strategies in the context of cardiovascular diseases. We reflect on mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial DNA, and mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein in the context of HIV. Furthermore, we summarize how toxicities related to early antiretroviral therapy and current highly active antiretroviral therapy can contribute to mitochondrial dysregulation, chronic inflammation, and poor clinical outcomes. There is a need to understand the mechanisms and develop new targeted therapies. We further consider current and potential future therapies for HIV and their interplay with mitochondria. We reflect on the next-generation antiretroviral therapies and HIV cure due to the direct and indirect effects of HIV persistence, associated comorbidities, coinfections, and the advancement of interdisciplinary research fields. This includes exploring novel and creative approaches to target mitochondria for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antentor O Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (A.O.H., Z.V.)
| | - Alhaji U N'jai
- Biological Sciences, Fourah Bay College and College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences (COMAHS), University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone and Koinadugu College, Kabala (A.U.N.)
| | - Zer Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (A.O.H., Z.V.)
| | - Celestine Wanjalla
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (C.W.)
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6
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Kaur S, Khullar N, Navik U, Bali A, Bhatti GK, Bhatti JS. Multifaceted role of dynamin-related protein 1 in cardiovascular disease: From mitochondrial fission to therapeutic interventions. Mitochondrion 2024; 78:101904. [PMID: 38763184 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are central to cellular energy production and metabolic regulation, particularly in cardiomyocytes. These organelles constantly undergo cycles of fusion and fission, orchestrated by key proteins like Dynamin-related Protein 1 (Drp-1). This review focuses on the intricate roles of Drp-1 in regulating mitochondrial dynamics, its implications in cardiovascular health, and particularly in myocardial infarction. Drp-1 is not merely a mediator of mitochondrial fission; it also plays pivotal roles in autophagy, mitophagy, apoptosis, and necrosis in cardiac cells. This multifaceted functionality is often modulated through various post-translational alterations, and Drp-1's interaction with intracellular calcium (Ca2 + ) adds another layer of complexity. We also explore the pathological consequences of Drp-1 dysregulation, including increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and endothelial dysfunction. Furthermore, this review delves into the potential therapeutic interventions targeting Drp-1 to modulate mitochondrial dynamics and improve cardiovascular outcomes. We highlight recent findings on the interaction between Drp-1 and sirtuin-3 and suggest that understanding this interaction may open new avenues for therapeutically modulating endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and cardiomyocytes. As the cardiovascular system increasingly becomes the focal point of aging and chronic disease research, understanding the nuances of Drp-1's functionality can lead to innovative therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satinder Kaur
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda India
| | - Naina Khullar
- Department of Zoology, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
| | - Umashanker Navik
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Anjana Bali
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali India.
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda India.
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7
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Zheng Q, Wang F, Nie C, Zhang K, Sun Y, Al-Ansi W, Wu Q, Wang L, Du J, Li Y. Elevating the significance of legume intake: A novel strategy to counter aging-related mitochondrial dysfunction and physical decline. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13342. [PMID: 38634173 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction increasingly becomes a target for promoting healthy aging and longevity. The dysfunction of mitochondria with age ultimately leads to a decline in physical functions. Among them, biogenesis dysfunction and the imbalances in the metabolism of reactive oxygen species and mitochondria as signaling organelles in the aging process have aroused our attention. Dietary intervention in mitochondrial dysfunction and physical decline during aging processes is essential, and greater attention should be directed toward healthful legume intake. Legumes are constantly under investigation for their nutritional and bioactive properties, and their consumption may yield antiaging and mitochondria-protecting benefits. This review summarizes mitochondrial dysfunction with age, discusses the benefits of legumes on mitochondrial function, and introduces the potential role of legumes in managing aging-related physical decline. Additionally, it reveals the benefits of legume intake for the elderly and offers a viable approach to developing legume-based functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Feijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chenzhipeng Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Kuiliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yujie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Waleed Al-Ansi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qiming Wu
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jun Du
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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8
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Petrica L, Gadalean F, Muntean DM, Jianu DC, Vlad D, Dumitrascu V, Bob F, Milas O, Suteanu-Simulescu A, Glavan M, Ursoniu S, Balint L, Mogos-Stefan M, Ienciu S, Cretu OM, Popescu R, Gluhovschi C, Iancu L, Vlad A. Mitochondrial DNA and Inflammation Are Associated with Cerebral Vessel Remodeling and Early Diabetic Kidney Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Biomolecules 2024; 14:499. [PMID: 38672515 PMCID: PMC11048277 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular disease accounts for major neurologic disabilities in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). A potential association of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and inflammation with cerebral vessel remodeling in patients with type 2 DM was evaluated. A cohort of 150 patients and 30 healthy controls were assessed concerning urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR), synaptopodin, podocalyxin, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), N-acetyl-β-(D)-glucosaminidase (NAG), interleukins IL-17A, IL-18, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). MtDNA-CN and nuclear DNA (nDNA) were quantified in peripheral blood and urine by qRT-PCR. Cytochrome b (CYTB) gene, subunit 2 of NADH dehydrogenase (ND2), and beta 2 microglobulin nuclear gene (B2M) were assessed by TaqMan assays. mtDNA-CN was defined as the ratio of the number of mtDNA/nDNA copies, through analysis of the CYTB/B2M and ND2/B2M ratio; cerebral Doppler ultrasound: intima-media thickness (IMT)-the common carotid arteries (CCAs), the pulsatility index (PI) and resistivity index (RI)- the internal carotid arteries (ICAs) and middle cerebral arteries (MCAs), the breath-holding index (BHI). The results showed direct correlations of CCAs-IMT, PI-ICAs, PI-MCAs, RI-ICAs, RI-MCAs with urinary mtDNA, IL-17A, IL-18, TNFα, ICAM-1, UACR, synaptopodin, podocalyxin, KIM-1, NAG, and indirect correlations with serum mtDNA, IL-10. BHI correlated directly with serum IL-10, and serum mtDNA, and negatively with serum IL-17A, serum ICAM-1, and NAG. In neurologically asymptomatic patients with type 2 DM cerebrovascular remodeling and impaired cerebrovascular reactivity may be associated with mtDNA variations and inflammation from the early stages of diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia Petrica
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.P.); (F.B.); (O.M.); (A.S.-S.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (M.M.-S.); (S.I.); (C.G.); (L.I.)
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.M.M.); (D.C.J.); (D.V.); (V.D.); (S.U.); (R.P.); (A.V.)
- Centre for Cognitive Research in Neuropsychiatric Pathology (Neuropsy-Cog), Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Florica Gadalean
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.P.); (F.B.); (O.M.); (A.S.-S.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (M.M.-S.); (S.I.); (C.G.); (L.I.)
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.M.M.); (D.C.J.); (D.V.); (V.D.); (S.U.); (R.P.); (A.V.)
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Danina Mirela Muntean
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.M.M.); (D.C.J.); (D.V.); (V.D.); (S.U.); (R.P.); (A.V.)
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Functional Sciences III, Division of Pathophysiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dragos Catalin Jianu
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.M.M.); (D.C.J.); (D.V.); (V.D.); (S.U.); (R.P.); (A.V.)
- Centre for Cognitive Research in Neuropsychiatric Pathology (Neuropsy-Cog), Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Neurosciences VIII, Division of Neurology I, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Daliborca Vlad
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.M.M.); (D.C.J.); (D.V.); (V.D.); (S.U.); (R.P.); (A.V.)
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology IV, Division of Pharmacology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Victor Dumitrascu
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.M.M.); (D.C.J.); (D.V.); (V.D.); (S.U.); (R.P.); (A.V.)
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology IV, Division of Pharmacology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Flaviu Bob
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.P.); (F.B.); (O.M.); (A.S.-S.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (M.M.-S.); (S.I.); (C.G.); (L.I.)
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.M.M.); (D.C.J.); (D.V.); (V.D.); (S.U.); (R.P.); (A.V.)
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Oana Milas
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.P.); (F.B.); (O.M.); (A.S.-S.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (M.M.-S.); (S.I.); (C.G.); (L.I.)
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.M.M.); (D.C.J.); (D.V.); (V.D.); (S.U.); (R.P.); (A.V.)
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Anca Suteanu-Simulescu
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.P.); (F.B.); (O.M.); (A.S.-S.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (M.M.-S.); (S.I.); (C.G.); (L.I.)
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.M.M.); (D.C.J.); (D.V.); (V.D.); (S.U.); (R.P.); (A.V.)
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mihaela Glavan
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.P.); (F.B.); (O.M.); (A.S.-S.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (M.M.-S.); (S.I.); (C.G.); (L.I.)
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.M.M.); (D.C.J.); (D.V.); (V.D.); (S.U.); (R.P.); (A.V.)
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Sorin Ursoniu
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.M.M.); (D.C.J.); (D.V.); (V.D.); (S.U.); (R.P.); (A.V.)
- Centre for Cognitive Research in Neuropsychiatric Pathology (Neuropsy-Cog), Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Functional Sciences III, Division of Public Health and History of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Lavinia Balint
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.P.); (F.B.); (O.M.); (A.S.-S.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (M.M.-S.); (S.I.); (C.G.); (L.I.)
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.M.M.); (D.C.J.); (D.V.); (V.D.); (S.U.); (R.P.); (A.V.)
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Maria Mogos-Stefan
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.P.); (F.B.); (O.M.); (A.S.-S.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (M.M.-S.); (S.I.); (C.G.); (L.I.)
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.M.M.); (D.C.J.); (D.V.); (V.D.); (S.U.); (R.P.); (A.V.)
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Silvia Ienciu
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.P.); (F.B.); (O.M.); (A.S.-S.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (M.M.-S.); (S.I.); (C.G.); (L.I.)
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.M.M.); (D.C.J.); (D.V.); (V.D.); (S.U.); (R.P.); (A.V.)
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Octavian Marius Cretu
- Department of Surgery I, Division of Surgical Semiology I, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Emergency Clinical Municipal Hospital Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Popescu
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.M.M.); (D.C.J.); (D.V.); (V.D.); (S.U.); (R.P.); (A.V.)
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Microscopic Morphology II, Division of Cell and Molecular Biology II, “Victor Babes”, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Gluhovschi
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.P.); (F.B.); (O.M.); (A.S.-S.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (M.M.-S.); (S.I.); (C.G.); (L.I.)
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.M.M.); (D.C.J.); (D.V.); (V.D.); (S.U.); (R.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Lavinia Iancu
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.P.); (F.B.); (O.M.); (A.S.-S.); (M.G.); (L.B.); (M.M.-S.); (S.I.); (C.G.); (L.I.)
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.M.M.); (D.C.J.); (D.V.); (V.D.); (S.U.); (R.P.); (A.V.)
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adrian Vlad
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.M.M.); (D.C.J.); (D.V.); (V.D.); (S.U.); (R.P.); (A.V.)
- County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Diabetes, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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9
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Gwon JG, Lee SM. Role of PTEN-Induced Protein Kinase 1 as a Mitochondrial Dysfunction Regulator in Cardiovascular Disease Pathogenesis. Vasc Specialist Int 2024; 40:9. [PMID: 38486493 PMCID: PMC10940882 DOI: 10.5758/vsi.230116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a global health challenge, primarily due to atherosclerosis, which leads to conditions such as coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral arterial disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction initiates endothelial dysfunction, a key contributor to CVD pathogenesis, as well as triggers the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), energy stress, and cell death in endothelial cells, which are crucial for atherosclerosis development. This review explores the role of PTEN-induced protein kinase 1 (PINK1) in mitochondrial quality control, focusing on its significance in cardiovascular health. PINK1 plays a pivotal role in mitophagy (selective removal of damaged mitochondria), contributing to the prevention of CVD progression. PINK1-mediated mitophagy also affects the maintenance of cardiomyocyte homeostasis in ischemic heart disease, thus mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, as well as regulates endothelial health in atherosclerosis through influencing ROS levels and inflammatory response. We also investigated the role of PINK1 in vascular smooth muscle cells, emphasizing on its role in apoptosis and atherosclerosis. Dysfunctional mitophagy in these cells accelerates cellular senescence and contributes to adverse effects including plaque rupture and inflammation. Mitophagy has also been explored as a potential therapeutic target for vascular calcification, a representative lesion in atherosclerosis, with a focus on lactate-induced mechanisms. Finally, we highlight the current research and clinical trials targeting mitophagy as a therapeutic avenue for CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gyo Gwon
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Min Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine and Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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10
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Stepaniuk N, Stepaniuk A, Hudz N, Havryliuk I. The impact of mitochondrial dysfunction on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2024; 77:153-159. [PMID: 38431820 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202401119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aim: To determine the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis based on the analysis of research data and statistics from the MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science Core Collection electronic databases for 2007-2023. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and Methods: A comprehensive review of literature sources from the MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science Core Collection electronic databases was conducted to critically analyse the data and determine the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. CONCLUSION Conclusions: In this review, we have summarized the latest literature data on the association between mitochondrial dysfunction and the development of atherosclerosis. Mitochondria have been recognized as a novel therapeutic target in the development of atherosclerosis. However, the presence of current gaps in therapeutic strategies for mitochondrial dysfunction control still hinders clinical success in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. Both antioxidants and gene therapy are appealing approaches to treating atherosclerosis. Nevertheless, further research is needed to determine the proper therapeutic strategy to reduce the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction on the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alla Stepaniuk
- VINNYTSIA NATIONAL PYROHOV MEMORIAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, VINNYTSIA, UKRAINE
| | - Nataliia Hudz
- DANYLO HALYTSKY LVIV NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, LVIV, UKRAINE; UNIVERSITY OF OPOLE, OPOLE, POLAND
| | - Iryna Havryliuk
- DANYLO HALYTSKY LVIV NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, LVIV, UKRAINE
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11
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Zhang A, Li H, Song Q, Cui Y, Zhang Y, Wang X, Li Z, Hou Y. High-fat stimulation induces atrial neural remodeling by reducing NO production via the CRIF1/eNOS/P21 axi. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:189. [PMID: 37932729 PMCID: PMC10629039 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01952-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autonomic remodeling of the atria plays a pivotal role in the development of atrial fibrillation (AF) and exerts a substantial influence on the progression of this condition. Hyperlipidemia is a predisposing factor for AF, but its effect on atrial nerve remodeling is unclear. The primary goal of this study was to explore the possible mechanisms through which the consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) induces remodeling of atrial nerves, and to identify novel targets for clinical intervention. METHODS Cell models were created in vitro by subjecting cells to palmitic acid (PA), while rat models were established by feeding them a high-fat diet. To investigate the interplay between cardiomyocytes and nerve cells in a co-culture system, we utilized Transwell cell culture plates featuring a pore size of 0.4 μm. The CCK-8 assay was employed to determine cell viability, fluorescent probe DCFH-DA and flow cytometry were utilized for measuring ROS levels, JC-1 was used to assess the mitochondrial membrane potential, the Griess method was employed to measure the nitric oxide (NO) level in the supernatant, a fluorescence-based method was used to measure ATP levels, and MitoTracker was utilized for assessing mitochondrial morphology. The expression of pertinent proteins was evaluated using western blotting (WB) and immunohistochemistry techniques. SNAP was used to treat nerve cells in order to replicate a high-NO atmosphere, and the level of nitroso was assessed using the iodoTMT reagent labeling method. RESULTS The study found that cardiomyocytes' mitochondrial morphology and function were impaired under high-fat stimulation, affecting nitric oxide (NO) production through the CRIF1/SIRT1/eNOS axis. In a coculture model, overexpression of eNOS in cardiomyocytes increased NO expression. Moreover, the increased Keap1 nitrosylation within neuronal cells facilitated the entry of Nrf2 into the nucleus, resulting in an augmentation of P21 transcription and a suppression of proliferation. Atrial neural remodeling occurred in the HFD rat model and was ameliorated by increasing myocardial tissue eNOS protein expression with trimetazidine (TMZ). CONCLUSIONS Neural remodeling is triggered by high-fat stimulation, which decreases the production of NO through the CRIF1/eNOS/P21 axis. Additionally, TMZ prevents neural remodeling and reduces the occurrence of AF by enhancing eNOS expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huilin Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Qiyuan Song
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Yansong Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yujiao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Ximin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Zhan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, China.
| | - Yinglong Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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12
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Ogura A, Izawa KP, Tawa H, Wada M, Kanai M, Kubo I, Makihara A, Yoshikawa R, Matsuda Y. End-tidal oxygen partial pressure is a strong prognostic predictive factor in patients with cardiac disease. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2023; 43:404-412. [PMID: 37293922 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) variables represent central and peripheral factors and combined factors in the pathology of patients with cardiac disease. The difference in end-tidal oxygen partial pressure from resting to anaerobic threshold (ΔPETO2 ) may represent predominantly peripheral factors. This study aimed to verify the prognostic significance of ΔPETO2 for major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) in cardiac patients, including comparison with the minute ventilation-carbon dioxide production relationship (VE/VCO2 slope), and peak oxygen uptake (VO2 ). METHODS In total, 185 patients with cardiac disease who underwent CPET were consecutively enroled in this retrospective study. The primary endpoint was 3-year MACCE. The ability of ΔPETO2 , VE/VCO2 slope, and peak VO2 to predict MACCE was examined. RESULTS Optimal cut-off values for predicting MACCE were 2.0 mmHg for ΔPETO2 (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.829), 29.8 for VE/VCO2 slope (AUC: 0.734), and 19.0 mL/min/kg for peak VO2 (AUC: 0.755). The AUC of ΔPETO2 was higher than those of VE/VCO2 slope and peak VO2 . The MACCE-free survival rate was significantly lower in the ΔPETO2 ≤ 2.0 group versus the ΔPETO2 > 2.0 group (44.4% vs. 91.2%, p < 0.001). ΔPETO2 ≤ 2.0 was an independent predictor of MACCE after adjustment for age and VE/VCO2 slope (hazard ratio [HR], 7.28; p < 0.001) and after adjustment for age and peak VO2 (HR, 6.52; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION ΔPETO2 was a strong predictor of MACCE independent of and superior to VE/VCO2 slope and peak VO2 in patients with cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asami Ogura
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sanda City Hospital, Sanda, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Cardiovascular Stroke Renal Project (CRP), Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro P Izawa
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Cardiovascular Stroke Renal Project (CRP), Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hideto Tawa
- Department of Cardiology, Sanda City Hospital, Sanda, Japan
| | - Masaaki Wada
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sanda City Hospital, Sanda, Japan
| | - Masashi Kanai
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Cardiovascular Stroke Renal Project (CRP), Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ikko Kubo
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Cardiovascular Stroke Renal Project (CRP), Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ayano Makihara
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Cardiovascular Stroke Renal Project (CRP), Hyogo, Japan
| | | | - Yuichi Matsuda
- Department of Cardiology, Sanda City Hospital, Sanda, Japan
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13
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Maurmann RM, Schmitt BL, Mosalmanzadeh N, Pence BD. Mitochondrial dysfunction at the cornerstone of inflammatory exacerbation in aged macrophages. EXPLORATION OF IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 3:442-452. [PMID: 38831878 PMCID: PMC11147369 DOI: 10.37349/ei.2023.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Immunosenescence encompasses multiple age-related adaptations that result in increased susceptibility to infections, chronic inflammatory disorders, and higher mortality risk. Macrophages are key innate cells implicated in inflammatory responses and tissue homeostasis, functions progressively compromised by aging. This process coincides with declining mitochondrial physiology, whose integrity is required to sustain and orchestrate immune responses. Indeed, multiple insults observed in aged macrophages have been implied as drivers of mitochondrial dysfunction, but how this translates into impaired immune function remains sparsely explored. This review provides a perspective on recent studies elucidating the underlying mechanisms linking dysregulated mitochondria homeostasis to immune function in aged macrophages. Genomic stress alongside defective mitochondrial turnover accounted for the progressive accumulation of damaged mitochondria in aged macrophages, thus resulting in a higher susceptibility to excessive mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) leakage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Increased levels of these mitochondrial products following infection were demonstrated to contribute to exacerbated inflammatory responses mediated by overstimulation of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and cyclic GMP-ATP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathways. While these mechanisms are not fully elucidated, the present evidence provides a promising area to be explored and a renewed perspective of potential therapeutic targets for immunological dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Negin Mosalmanzadeh
- College of Health Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, 38152, USA
| | - Brandt D. Pence
- College of Health Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, 38152, USA
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14
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Ullah K, Li Y, Lin Q, Pan K, Nguyen T, Aniruddhsingh S, Su Q, Sharp W, Wu R. Comparative Analysis of Whole Transcriptome Profiles in Septic Cardiomyopathy: Insights from CLP- and LPS-Induced Mouse Models. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1366. [PMID: 37510271 PMCID: PMC10379808 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, with septic cardiomyopathy being a common and severe complication. Despite its significant clinical impact, the molecular mechanisms underlying sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SICM) remain incompletely understood. In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of whole transcriptome profiles using RNA sequencing in mouse hearts in two widely used mouse models of septic cardiomyopathy. CLP-induced sepsis was achieved by surgical cecal ligation and puncture, while LPS-induced sepsis was induced using a 5 mg/kg intraperitoneal (IP) injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). For consistency, we utilized sham-operated mice as the control for septic models. Our aim was to identify key genes and pathways involved in the development of septic cardiomyopathy and to evaluate the similarities and differences between the two models. Our findings demonstrated that both the CLP and lipopolysaccharide LPS methods could induce septic heart dysfunction within 24 h. We identified common transcriptional regulatory regions in the septic hearts of both models, such as Nfkb1, Sp1, and Jun. Moreover, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in comparison to control were involved in shared pathways, including regulation of inflammatory response, regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process, and the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. However, each model presented distinctive whole transcriptome expression profiles and potentially diverse pathways contributing to sepsis-induced heart failure. This extensive comparison enhances our understanding of the molecular basis of septic cardiomyopathy, providing invaluable insights. Accordingly, our study also contributes to the pursuit of effective and personalized treatment strategies for SICM, highlighting the importance of considering the specific causative factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Ullah
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA (T.N.)
| | - Yan Li
- Center for Research Informatics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (Y.L.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qiaoshan Lin
- Center for Research Informatics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (Y.L.); (Q.L.)
| | - Kaichao Pan
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA (T.N.)
| | - Tu Nguyen
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA (T.N.)
| | | | - Qiaozhu Su
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK;
| | - Willard Sharp
- Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rongxue Wu
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA (T.N.)
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15
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Yalameha B, Reza Nejabati H. Urinary Exosomal Metabolites: Overlooked Clue for Predicting Cardiovascular Risk. Clin Chim Acta 2023:117445. [PMID: 37315726 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, increasing research has focused on urinary exosomes (UEs) in biological fluids and their relationship with physiological and pathological processes. UEs are membranous vesicles with a size of 40-100 nm, containing a number of bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, mRNAs, and miRNAs. These vesicles are an inexpensive non-invasive source that can be used in clinical settings to differentiate healthy patients from diseased patients, thereby serving as potential biomarkers for the early identification of disease. Recent studies have reported the isolation of small molecules called exosomal metabolites from individuals' urine with different diseases. These metabolites could utilize for a variety of purposes, such as the discovery of biomarkers, investigation of mechanisms related to disease development, and importantly prediction of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) risk factors, including thrombosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, hyperlipidemia as well as homocysteine. It has been indicated that alteration in urinary metabolites of N1-methylnicotinamide, 4-aminohippuric acid, and citric acid can be valuable in predicting cardiovascular risk factors, providing a novel approach to evaluating the pathological status of CVDs. Since the UEs metabolome has been clearly and precisely so far unexplored in CVDs, the present study has specifically addressed the role of the mentioned metabolites in the prediction of CVDs risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banafsheh Yalameha
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Nejabati
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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16
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Headley CA, Tsao PS. Building the case for mitochondrial transplantation as an anti-aging cardiovascular therapy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1141124. [PMID: 37229220 PMCID: PMC10203246 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1141124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a common denominator in both biological aging and cardiovascular disease (CVD) pathology. Understanding the protagonist role of mitochondria in the respective and independent progressions of CVD and biological aging will unravel the synergistic relationship between biological aging and CVD. Moreover, the successful development and implementation of therapies that can simultaneously benefit mitochondria of multiple cell types, will be transformational in curtailing pathologies and mortality in the elderly, including CVD. Several works have compared the status of mitochondria in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in CVD dependent context. However, fewer studies have cataloged the aging-associated changes in vascular mitochondria, independent of CVD. This mini review will focus on the present evidence related to mitochondrial dysfunction in vascular aging independent of CVD. Additionally, we discuss the feasibility of restoring mitochondrial function in the aged cardiovascular system through mitochondrial transfer.
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17
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San-Millán I. The Key Role of Mitochondrial Function in Health and Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040782. [PMID: 37107158 PMCID: PMC10135185 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of mitochondrial function in health and disease has become increasingly recognized, particularly in the last two decades. Mitochondrial dysfunction as well as disruptions of cellular bioenergetics have been shown to be ubiquitous in some of the most prevalent diseases in our society, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, cancer, and Alzheimer's disease. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of mitochondrial dysfunction in multiple diseases have yet to be elucidated, making it one of the most significant medical challenges in our history. However, the rapid advances in our knowledge of cellular metabolism coupled with the novel understanding at the molecular and genetic levels show tremendous promise to one day elucidate the mysteries of this ancient organelle in order to treat it therapeutically when needed. Mitochondrial DNA mutations, infections, aging, and a lack of physical activity have been identified to be major players in mitochondrial dysfunction in multiple diseases. This review examines the complexities of mitochondrial function, whose ancient incorporation into eukaryotic cells for energy purposes was key for the survival and creation of new species. Among these complexities, the tightly intertwined bioenergetics derived from the combustion of alimentary substrates and oxygen are necessary for cellular homeostasis, including the production of reactive oxygen species. This review discusses different etiological mechanisms by which mitochondria could become dysregulated, determining the fate of multiple tissues and organs and being a protagonist in the pathogenesis of many non-communicable diseases. Finally, physical activity is a canonical evolutionary characteristic of humans that remains embedded in our genes. The normalization of a lack of physical activity in our modern society has led to the perception that exercise is an "intervention". However, physical activity remains the modus vivendi engrained in our genes and being sedentary has been the real intervention and collateral effect of modern societies. It is well known that a lack of physical activity leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and, hence, it probably becomes a major etiological factor of many non-communicable diseases affecting modern societies. Since physical activity remains the only stimulus we know that can improve and maintain mitochondrial function, a significant emphasis on exercise promotion should be imperative in order to prevent multiple diseases. Finally, in populations with chronic diseases where mitochondrial dysfunction is involved, an individualized exercise prescription should be crucial for the "metabolic rehabilitation" of many patients. From lessons learned from elite athletes (the perfect human machines), it is possible to translate and apply multiple concepts to the betterment of populations with chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo San-Millán
- Department of Human Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO 80198, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Waterpipe smoke inhalation potentiates cardiac oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis and autophagy in experimental hypertension. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114144. [PMID: 36916396 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking worsens the health of hypertensive patients. However, less is known about the actions and underlying mechanisms of waterpipe smoke (WPS) in hypertension. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of WPS inhalation in mice made hypertensive (HT) by infusing angiotensin II for six weeks. On day 14 of the infusion of angiotensin II or vehicle (normotensive; NT), mice were exposed either to air or WPS for four consecutive weeks. Each session was 30 min/day and 5 days/week. In NT mice, WPS increased systolic blood pressure (SBP) compared with NT air-exposed group. SBP increase was elevated in HT+WPS group versus either HT+air or NT+WPS. Similarly, the plasma levels of brain natriuretic peptide, C-reactive protein, 8-isoprostane and superoxide dismutase were increased in HT+WPS compared with either HT+air or NT+WPS. In the heart tissue, several markers of oxidative stress and inflammation were increased in HT+WPS group vs the controls. Furthermore, mitochondrial dysfunction in HT+WPS group was more affected than in the HT+air or HT+WPS groups. WPS inhalation in HT mice significantly increased cardiac DNA damage, cleaved caspase 3, expression of the autophagy proteins beclin 1 and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3B, and phosphorylated nuclear factor κ B, compared with the controls. Compared with HT+air mice, heart histology of WPS-exposed HT mice showed increased cardiomyocyte damage, neutrophilic and lymphocytic infiltration and focal fibrosis. We conclude that, in HT mice, WPS inhalation worsened hypertension, cardiac oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage, apoptosis and autophagy. The latter effects were associated with a mechanism involving NF-κB activation.
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19
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Demir B, Gürbüz M, Çatak J, Uğur H, Duman E, Beceren Y, Yaman M. In vitro bioaccessibility of vitamins B1, B2, and B3 from various vegetables. Food Chem 2023; 398:133944. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Helman TJ, Headrick JP, Stapelberg NJC, Braidy N. The sex-dependent response to psychosocial stress and ischaemic heart disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1072042. [PMID: 37153459 PMCID: PMC10160413 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1072042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is an important risk factor for modern chronic diseases, with distinct influences in males and females. The sex specificity of the mammalian stress response contributes to the sex-dependent development and impacts of coronary artery disease (CAD). Compared to men, women appear to have greater susceptibility to chronic forms of psychosocial stress, extending beyond an increased incidence of mood disorders to include a 2- to 4-fold higher risk of stress-dependent myocardial infarction in women, and up to 10-fold higher risk of Takotsubo syndrome-a stress-dependent coronary-myocardial disorder most prevalent in post-menopausal women. Sex differences arise at all levels of the stress response: from initial perception of stress to behavioural, cognitive, and affective responses and longer-term disease outcomes. These fundamental differences involve interactions between chromosomal and gonadal determinants, (mal)adaptive epigenetic modulation across the lifespan (particularly in early life), and the extrinsic influences of socio-cultural, economic, and environmental factors. Pre-clinical investigations of biological mechanisms support distinct early life programming and a heightened corticolimbic-noradrenaline-neuroinflammatory reactivity in females vs. males, among implicated determinants of the chronic stress response. Unravelling the intrinsic molecular, cellular and systems biological basis of these differences, and their interactions with external lifestyle/socio-cultural determinants, can guide preventative and therapeutic strategies to better target coronary heart disease in a tailored sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa J. Helman
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, NSW, Sydney, Australia
- Correspondence: Tessa J. Helman
| | - John P. Headrick
- Schoolof Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, NSW, Sydney, Australia
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21
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Booth LK, Redgrave RE, Tual-Chalot S, Spyridopoulos I, Phillips HM, Richardson GD. Heart Disease and Ageing: The Roles of Senescence, Mitochondria, and Telomerase in Cardiovascular Disease. Subcell Biochem 2023; 103:45-78. [PMID: 37120464 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26576-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
During ageing molecular damage leads to the accumulation of several hallmarks of ageing including mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, genetic instability and chronic inflammation, which contribute to the development and progression of ageing-associated diseases including cardiovascular disease. Consequently, understanding how these hallmarks of biological ageing interact with the cardiovascular system and each other is fundamental to the pursuit of improving cardiovascular health globally. This review provides an overview of our current understanding of how candidate hallmarks contribute to cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease and subsequent myocardial infarction, and age-related heart failure. Further, we consider the evidence that, even in the absence of chronological age, acute cellular stress leading to accelerated biological ageing expedites cardiovascular dysfunction and impacts on cardiovascular health. Finally, we consider the opportunities that modulating hallmarks of ageing offer for the development of novel cardiovascular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Booth
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rachael E Redgrave
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Simon Tual-Chalot
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ioakim Spyridopoulos
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Helen M Phillips
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gavin D Richardson
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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22
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Varghese LN, Schwenke DO, Katare R. Role of noncoding RNAs in cardiac ageing. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1142575. [PMID: 37034355 PMCID: PMC10073704 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1142575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The global population is estimated to reach 9.8 billion by 2050, of which 2.1 billion will comprise individuals above 60 years of age. As the number of elderly is estimated to double from 2017, it is a victory of the modern healthcare system but also worrisome as ageing, and the onset of chronic disease are correlated. Among other chronic conditions, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in the aged population. While the underlying cause of the age-associated development of CVDs is not fully understood, studies indicate the role of non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lnc-RNAs) in the development of age-associated CVDs. miRNAs and lnc-RNAs are non-coding RNAs which control gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. The expression of specific miRNAs and lnc-RNAs are reportedly dysregulated with age, leading to cardiovascular system changes and ultimately causing CVDs. Since miRNAs and lnc-RNAs play several vital roles in maintaining the normal functioning of the cardiovascular system, they are also being explored for their therapeutic potential as a treatment for CVDs. This review will first explore the pathophysiological changes associated with ageing. Next, we will review the known mechanisms underlying the development of CVD in ageing with a specific focus on miRNA and lnc-RNAs. Finally, we will discuss the therapeutic options and future challenges towards healthy cardiac ageing. With the global ageing population on the rise, this review will provide a fundamental understanding of some of the underlying molecular mechanisms of cardiac ageing.
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23
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Franklin BA, Eijsvogels TM, Pandey A, Quindry J, Toth PP. Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular health: A clinical practice statement of the ASPC Part I: Bioenergetics, contemporary physical activity recommendations, benefits, risks, extreme exercise regimens, potential maladaptations. Am J Prev Cardiol 2022; 12:100424. [PMID: 36281324 PMCID: PMC9586848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2022.100424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PA) and increased levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) or aerobic capacity are widely promoted as cardioprotective measures in the primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD). Nevertheless, physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors remain a worldwide concern. The continuing coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has been especially devastating to patients with known or occult CVD since sitting time and recreational PA have been reported to increase and decrease by 28% and 33%, respectively. Herein, in this first of a 2-part series, we discuss foundational factors in exercise programming, with specific reference to energy metabolism, contemporary PA recommendations, the dose-response relationship of exercise as medicine, the benefits of regular exercise training, including the exercise preconditioning cardioprotective phenotype, as well as the CV risks of PA. Finally, we discuss the 'extreme exercise hypothesis,' specifically the potential maladaptations resulting from high-volume, high-intensity training programs, including accelerated coronary artery calcification and incident atrial fibrillation. The latter is commonly depicted by a reverse J-shaped or U-shaped curve. On the other hand, longevity data argue against this relationship, as elite endurance athletes live 3-6 years longer than the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry A. Franklin
- Preventive Cardiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA
- Professor, Internal Medicine, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, Michigan, USA
| | - Thijs M.H. Eijsvogels
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ambarish Pandey
- Department of Internal Medicine at UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, Michigan, USA
| | - John Quindry
- Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana and International Heart Institute – St. Patrick's Hospital, Providence Medical Center, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Peter P. Toth
- CGH Medical Center, Sterling, IL, USA
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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24
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Maxwell CA, Roberts C, Oesmann K, Muhimpundu S, Archer KR, Patel MR, Mulubrhan MF, Muchira J, Boon J, LaNoue M. Health and wellness for disadvantaged older adults: The AFRESH pilot study. PEC INNOVATION 2022; 1:100084. [PMID: 37213747 PMCID: PMC10194225 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecinn.2022.100084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Older adults are unaware of the biological mechanisms that contribute to the development of disabilities, chronic conditions, and frailty, yet, when made aware, desire to employ lifestyle changes to mitigate these conditions. We developed the AFRESH health and wellness program and report on pilot testing undertaken in a local older adults apartment community. Materials and methods After program development, pilot testing was conducted. Participants: Older adults (N = 20; age 62+) residing in an apartment community. Procedures: Collection of baseline objective and self-report measures with a focus on physical activity; administration of the 10-week AFRESH program via weekly sessions; collection of follow-up data 12 and 36 weeks after baseline data collection. Data analysis: Descriptive statistics, growth curve analyses. Results Significant increases were observed for grip strength (lbs) (T1:56.2; T2:65.0 [d = 0.77]; T3:69.4 [d = 0.62], p = .001), the 6-min walk test (meters) (T1:327m: T2:388.7 m [d = 0.99]; T3:363.3 m [d = 0.60], p = .001), the Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA) strength and flexibility score, and the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) global score. These effects showed some attenuation by the final time point. Conclusion By combining novel educational content (bioenergetics), facilitation of physical activity, and habit formation, AFRESH is a multicomponent intervention that shows promise for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy A Maxwell
- Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, 461 21st Ave. South, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Corley Roberts
- Catholic Charities, 2806 McGavock Pike, Nashville, TN 37214, USA
| | - Kelsey Oesmann
- Urban Housing Solutions, 822 Woodland St., Nashville, TN 37206, USA
| | - Sylvie Muhimpundu
- Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, 461 21st Ave. South, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Kristin R Archer
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1215 21 Ave. South, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Maulik R Patel
- Vanderbilt University Biological Sciences, Box 351634, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Mogos F Mulubrhan
- Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, 461 21st Ave. South, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - James Muchira
- Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, 461 21st Ave. South, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Jeffrey Boon
- Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, 461 21st Ave. South, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Marianna LaNoue
- Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, 461 21st Ave. South, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
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25
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Targeting Mitochondrial Dynamics Proteins for the Development of Therapies for Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314741. [PMID: 36499064 PMCID: PMC9736032 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The identification of new pathogenetic targets contributes to more efficient development of new types of drugs for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This review highlights the problem of mitochondrial dynamics disorders, in the context of cardiovascular diseases. A change in the normal function of mitochondrial dynamics proteins is one of the reasons for the development of the pathological state of cardiomyocytes. Based on this, therapeutic targeting of these proteins may be a promising strategy in the development of cardiac drugs. Here we will consider changes for each process of mitochondrial dynamics in cardiovascular diseases: fission and fusion of mitochondria, mitophagy, mitochondrial transport and biogenesis, and also analyze the prospects of the considered protein targets based on existing drug developments.
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26
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Zandi A, Matinhomaee H, Moradi L. Comparison of the Independent and Combined Effects of Aerobic Training and Ozone Therapy on Selected Heart Variables in Rats with Osteoarthritis. Pharm Chem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-022-02748-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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27
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Heidari MM, Khatami M, Kamalipour A, Kalantari M, Movahed M, Emmamy MH, Hadadzadeh M, Bragança J, Namnabat M, Mazrouei B. Mitochondrial mutations in protein coding genes of respiratory chain including complexes IV, V, and mt-tRNA genes are associated risk factors for congenital heart disease. EXCLI JOURNAL 2022; 21:1306-1330. [PMID: 36483916 PMCID: PMC9727243 DOI: 10.17179/excli2022-5298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Most studies aiming at unraveling the molecular events associated with cardiac congenital heart disease (CHD) have focused on the effect of mutations occurring in the nuclear genome. In recent years, a significant role has been attributed to mitochondria for correct heart development and maturation of cardiomyocytes. Moreover, numerous heart defects have been associated with nucleotide variations occurring in the mitochondrial genome, affecting mitochondrial functions and cardiac energy metabolism, including genes encoding for subunits of respiratory chain complexes. Therefore, mutations in the mitochondrial genome may be a major cause of heart disease, including CHD, and their identification and characterization can shed light on pathological mechanisms occurring during heart development. Here, we have analyzed mitochondrial genetic variants in previously reported mutational genome hotspots and the flanking regions of mt-ND1, mt-ND2, mt-COXI, mt-COXII, mt-ATPase8, mt-ATPase6, mt-COXIII, and mt-tRNAs (Ile, Gln, Met, Trp, Ala, Asn, Cys, Tyr, Ser, Asp, and Lys) encoding genes by polymerase chain reaction-single stranded conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) in 200 patients with CHD, undergoing cardiac surgery. A total of 23 mitochondrial variations (5 missense mutations, 8 synonymous variations, and 10 nucleotide changes in tRNA encoding genes) were identified and included 16 novel variants. Additionally, we showed that intracellular ATP was significantly reduced (P=0.002) in CHD patients compared with healthy controls, suggesting that the mutations have an impact on mitochondrial energy production. Functional and structural alterations caused by the mitochondrial nucleotide variations in the gene products were studied in-silico and predicted to convey a predisposing risk factor for CHD. Further studies are necessary to better understand the mechanisms by which the alterations identified in the present study contribute to the development of CHD in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Heidari
- Department of Biology, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Mohammad Mehdi Heidari, Department of Biology, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran; Tel.: +98 353 1232650, Fax: +98 353 8210644, E-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mehdi Hadadzadeh
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Afshar Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - José Bragança
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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The Effects of Exercise Training on Mitochondrial Function in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012559. [PMID: 36293409 PMCID: PMC9603958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Exercise training is potentially an effective non-pharmacological strategy to restore mitochondrial health in CVD. However, how exercise modifies mitochondrial functionality is inconclusive. We conducted a systematic review using the PubMed; Scopus and Web of Science databases to investigate the effect of exercise training on mitochondrial function in CVD patients. Search terms included “mitochondria”, “exercise”, “aerobic capacity”, and “cardiovascular disease” in varied combination. The search yielded 821 records for abstract screening, of which 20 articles met the inclusion criteria. We summarized the effect of exercise training on mitochondrial morphology, biogenesis, dynamics, oxidative capacity, antioxidant capacity, and quality. Amongst these parameters, only oxidative capacity was suitable for a meta-analysis, which demonstrated a significant effect size of exercise in improving mitochondrial oxidative capacity in CVD patients (SMD = 4.78; CI = 2.99 to 6.57; p < 0.01), but with high heterogeneity among the studies (I2 = 75%, p = 0.003). Notably, aerobic exercise enhanced succinate-involved oxidative phosphorylation. The majority of the results suggested that exercise improves morphology and biogenesis, whereas findings on dynamic, antioxidant capacity, and quality, were inadequate or inconclusive. A further randomized controlled trial is clearly required to explain how exercise modifies the pathway of mitochondrial quantity and quality in CVD patients.
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Machado SE, Spangler D, Stacks DA, Darley-Usmar V, Benavides GA, Xie M, Balla J, Zarjou A. Counteraction of Myocardial Ferritin Heavy Chain Deficiency by Heme Oxygenase-1. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8300. [PMID: 35955444 PMCID: PMC9368247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the abundance of heme proteins (cytochromes) in the mitochondrion, it is evident that a meticulously orchestrated iron metabolism is essential for cardiac health. Here, we examined the functional significance of myocardial ferritin heavy chain (FtH) in a model of acute myocardial infarction. We report that FtH deletion did not alter either the mitochondrial regulatory and surveillance pathways (fission and fusion) or mitochondrial bioenergetics in response to injury. Furthermore, deletion of myocardial FtH did not affect cardiac function, assessed by measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction, on days 1, 7, and 21 post injury. To identify the modulated pathways providing cardiomyocyte protection coincident with FtH deletion, we performed unbiased transcriptomic analysis. We found that following injury, FtH deletion was associated with upregulation of several genes with anti-ferroptotic properties, including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and the cystine/glutamate anti-porter (Slc7a11). These results suggested that HO-1 overexpression mitigates ferroptosis via upregulation of Slc7a11. Indeed, using transgenic mice with HO-1 overexpression, we demonstrate that overexpressed HO-1 is coupled with increased Slc7a11 expression. In conclusion, we demonstrate that following injury, myocardial FtH deletion leads to a compensatory upregulation in a number of anti-ferroptotic genes, including HO-1. Such HO-1 induction leads to overexpression of Slc7a11 and protects the heart against ischemia-reperfusion-mediated ferroptosis, preserves mitochondrial function, and overall function of the myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Machado
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (S.E.M.); (D.S.); (D.A.S.)
| | - Daryll Spangler
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (S.E.M.); (D.S.); (D.A.S.)
| | - Delores A. Stacks
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (S.E.M.); (D.S.); (D.A.S.)
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (V.D.-U.); (G.A.B.)
| | - Gloria A. Benavides
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (V.D.-U.); (G.A.B.)
| | - Min Xie
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
| | - József Balla
- ELKH-UD Vascular Pathophysiology Research Group 11003, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Abolfazl Zarjou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (S.E.M.); (D.S.); (D.A.S.)
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30
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Yang J, Guo Q, Feng X, Liu Y, Zhou Y. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Diseases: Potential Targets for Treatment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:841523. [PMID: 35646910 PMCID: PMC9140220 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.841523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are serious public health issues and are responsible for nearly one-third of global deaths. Mitochondrial dysfunction is accountable for the development of most CVDs. Mitochondria produce adenosine triphosphate through oxidative phosphorylation and inevitably generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excessive ROS causes mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. Mitochondria can protect against these damages via the regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis. In recent years, mitochondria-targeted therapy for CVDs has attracted increasing attention. Various studies have confirmed that clinical drugs (β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor-II blockers) against CVDs have mitochondrial protective functions. An increasing number of cardiac mitochondrial targets have shown their cardioprotective effects in experimental and clinical studies. Here, we briefly introduce the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction and summarize the progression of mitochondrial targets against CVDs, which may provide ideas for experimental studies and clinical trials.
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Mendelsohn DH, Schnabel K, Mamilos A, Sossalla S, Pabel S, Duerr GD, Keller K, Schmitt VH, Barsch F, Walter N, Wong RMY, El Khassawna T, Niedermair T, Alt V, Rupp M, Brochhausen C. Structural Analysis of Mitochondrial Dynamics-From Cardiomyocytes to Osteoblasts: A Critical Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094571. [PMID: 35562962 PMCID: PMC9101187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a crucial role in cell physiology and pathophysiology. In this context, mitochondrial dynamics and, subsequently, mitochondrial ultrastructure have increasingly become hot topics in modern research, with a focus on mitochondrial fission and fusion. Thus, the dynamics of mitochondria in several diseases have been intensively investigated, especially with a view to developing new promising treatment options. However, the majority of recent studies are performed in highly energy-dependent tissues, such as cardiac, hepatic, and neuronal tissues. In contrast, publications on mitochondrial dynamics from the orthopedic or trauma fields are quite rare, even if there are common cellular mechanisms in cardiovascular and bone tissue, especially regarding bone infection. The present report summarizes the spectrum of mitochondrial alterations in the cardiovascular system and compares it to the state of knowledge in the musculoskeletal system. The present paper summarizes recent knowledge regarding mitochondrial dynamics and gives a short, but not exhaustive, overview of its regulation via fission and fusion. Furthermore, the article highlights hypoxia and its accompanying increased mitochondrial fission as a possible link between cardiac ischemia and inflammatory diseases of the bone, such as osteomyelitis. This opens new innovative perspectives not only for the understanding of cellular pathomechanisms in osteomyelitis but also for potential new treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H. Mendelsohn
- Institute of Pathology, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (D.H.M.); (K.S.); (A.M.); (T.N.)
- Central Biobank Regensburg, University Regensburg, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (N.W.); (V.A.); (M.R.)
| | - Katja Schnabel
- Institute of Pathology, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (D.H.M.); (K.S.); (A.M.); (T.N.)
- Central Biobank Regensburg, University Regensburg, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Mamilos
- Institute of Pathology, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (D.H.M.); (K.S.); (A.M.); (T.N.)
| | - Samuel Sossalla
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (S.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Steffen Pabel
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (S.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Georg Daniel Duerr
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz), 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Karsten Keller
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz), 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.K.); (V.H.S.)
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz), 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Sports Medicine, Medical Clinic VII, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker H. Schmitt
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz), 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.K.); (V.H.S.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Friedrich Barsch
- Institute for Exercise and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Nike Walter
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (N.W.); (V.A.); (M.R.)
| | - Ronald Man Yeung Wong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Thaqif El Khassawna
- Department of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Tanja Niedermair
- Institute of Pathology, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (D.H.M.); (K.S.); (A.M.); (T.N.)
- Central Biobank Regensburg, University Regensburg, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Volker Alt
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (N.W.); (V.A.); (M.R.)
| | - Markus Rupp
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (N.W.); (V.A.); (M.R.)
| | - Christoph Brochhausen
- Institute of Pathology, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (D.H.M.); (K.S.); (A.M.); (T.N.)
- Central Biobank Regensburg, University Regensburg, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-941-944-6636
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Goldsmith JA, Lai RE, Garten RS, Chen Q, Lesnefsky EJ, Perera RA, Gorgey AS. Visceral Adiposity, Inflammation, and Testosterone Predict Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Mass and Activity in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury. Front Physiol 2022; 13:809845. [PMID: 35222077 PMCID: PMC8867006 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.809845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial health is an important predictor of several health-related comorbidities including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. In persons with spinal cord injury (SCI), mitochondrial health has been linked to several important body composition and metabolic parameters. However, the complex interplay of how mitochondrial health is affected has yet to be determined in this population. Objective In this study, we examined the contribution of visceral adiposity, inflammatory biomarkers, testosterone and circulating serum growth factors as predictors of mitochondrial health in persons with chronic SCI. Participants Thirty-three individuals with chronic SCI (n = 27 Males, n = 6 Females, age: 40 ± 13.26 years, level of injury: C4-L1, BMI: 23 ± 5.57) participated in this cross-sectional study. Methods Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was measured via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). After an overnight fast, serum testosterone, inflammatory biomarkers [interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), c-reactive protein (CRP)], and anabolic growth factors [insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3)] were measured. Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle to measure citrate synthase (CS) and Complex III activity. Regression analyses were used to examine predictors of mitochondrial mass and activity. Results CS activity was negatively associated with VAT (r2 = 0.360, p < 0.001), CRP (r2 = 0.168, p = 0.047), and positively associated with testosterone (r2 = 0.145, p = 0.042). Complex III activity was negatively associated with VAT relative to total lean mass (VAT:TLM) (r2 = 0.169, p = 0.033), trended for CRP (r2 = 0.142, p = 0.069), and positively associated with testosterone (r2 = 0.224, p = 0.010). Multiple regression showed CS activity was significantly associated with VAT + CRP (r2 = 0.412, p = 0.008) and VAT + Testosterone (r2 = 0.433, p = 0.001). Complex III activity was significantly associated with VAT relative to total trunk cross-sectional area (CSA) + CRP (VAT:total trunk CSA + CRP; r2 = 0.286, p = 0.048) and VAT + Testosterone (r2 = 0.277, p = 0.024). Conclusion Increased visceral adiposity and associated inflammatory signaling (CRP) along with reduced testosterone levels predict mitochondrial dysfunction following SCI. Specifically, lower VATCSA and higher testosterone levels or lower VATCSA and lower CRP levels positively predict mitochondrial mass and enzyme activity in persons with chronic SCI. Future research should investigate the efficacy of diet, exercise, and potentially testosterone replacement therapy on enhancing mitochondrial health in chronic SCI. Clinical Trial Registration [www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier: [NCT02660073].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A. Goldsmith
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Raymond E. Lai
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), Richmond, VA, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Ryan S. Garten
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Qun Chen
- Medical Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Edward J. Lesnefsky
- Medical Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Robert A. Perera
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Ashraf S. Gorgey
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), Richmond, VA, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- *Correspondence: Ashraf S. Gorgey,
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Chen J, Zhong J, Wang LL, Chen YY. Mitochondrial Transfer in Cardiovascular Disease: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Implications. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:771298. [PMID: 34901230 PMCID: PMC8661009 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.771298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been proven to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. The phenomenon of intercellular mitochondrial transfer has been discovered in the cardiovascular system. Studies have shown that cell-to-cell mitochondrial transfer plays an essential role in regulating cardiovascular system development and maintaining normal tissue homeostasis under physiological conditions. In pathological conditions, damaged cells transfer dysfunctional mitochondria toward recipient cells to ask for help and take up exogenous functional mitochondria to alleviate injury. In this review, we summarized the mechanism of mitochondrial transfer in the cardiovascular system and outlined the fate and functional role of donor mitochondria. We also discussed the advantage and challenges of mitochondrial transfer strategies, including cell-based mitochondrial transplantation, extracellular vesicle-based mitochondrial transplantation, and naked mitochondrial transplantation, for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. We hope this review will provide perspectives on mitochondrial-targeted therapeutics in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, and Department of Obstetrics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinjie Zhong
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, and Department of Obstetrics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin-Lin Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, and Department of Orthopaedics of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Ying Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, and Department of Obstetrics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Banerjee R, Mukherjee A, Nagotu S. Mitochondrial dynamics and its impact on human health and diseases: inside the DRP1 blackbox. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 100:1-21. [PMID: 34657190 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02150-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles that play a significant role in various cellular processes apart from providing energy in eukaryotic cells. An intricate link between mitochondrial structure and function is now unequivocally accepted. Several molecular players have been identified, which are important in maintaining the structure of the organelle. Dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) is one such conserved protein that is a vital regulator of mitochondrial dynamics. Multidisciplinary studies have helped elucidate the structure of the protein and its mechanism of action in great detail. Mutations in various domains of the protein have been identified that are associated with debilitating conditions in patients. The involvement of the protein in disease conditions such as neurodegeneration, cancer, and cardiovascular disorders is also gaining attention. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent findings on the role of DRP1 in human disease conditions and address its importance as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riddhi Banerjee
- Organelle Biology and Cellular Ageing Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| | - Agradeep Mukherjee
- Organelle Biology and Cellular Ageing Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| | - Shirisha Nagotu
- Organelle Biology and Cellular Ageing Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India.
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Goldsmith JA, Ennasr AN, Farkas GJ, Gater DR, Gorgey AS. Role of exercise on visceral adiposity after spinal cord injury: a cardiometabolic risk factor. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:2143-2163. [PMID: 33891156 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04688-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with cardiometabolic disease risk in able-bodied (AB) populations. However, the underlying mechanisms of VAT-induced disease risk are unknown in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). Potential mechanisms of VAT-induced cardiometabolic dysfunction in persons with SCI include systemic inflammation, liver adiposity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and anabolic deficiency. Moreover, how exercise interventions impact these mechanisms associated with VAT-induced cardiometabolic dysfunction are still being explored. METHODS A search for relevant scientific literature about the effects of exercise on VAT and cardiometabolic health was conducted on the PubMed database. Literature from reference lists was also included when appropriate. RESULTS Both aerobic and resistance exercise training beneficially impact health and VAT mass via improving mitochondrial function, glucose effectiveness, and inflammatory signaling in SCI and AB populations. Specifically, aerobic exercise appears to also modulate cellular senescence in AB populations and animal models, while resistance exercise seems to augment anabolic signaling in persons with SCI. CONCLUSIONS The current evidence supports regular engagement in exercise to reduce VAT mass and the adverse effects on cardiometabolic health in persons with SCI. Future research is needed to further elucidate the precise mechanisms by which VAT negatively impacts health following SCI. This will likely facilitate the development of rehabilitation protocols that target VAT reduction in persons with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Goldsmith
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Center, Central Virginia VA Health Care System, 1201 Broad Rock Boulevard, Richmond, VA, 23249, USA
| | - Areej N Ennasr
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Center, Central Virginia VA Health Care System, 1201 Broad Rock Boulevard, Richmond, VA, 23249, USA
| | - Gary J Farkas
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - David R Gater
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Ashraf S Gorgey
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Center, Central Virginia VA Health Care System, 1201 Broad Rock Boulevard, Richmond, VA, 23249, USA. .,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
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Brasil FB, Bertolini Gobbo RC, Souza de Almeida FJ, Luckachaki MD, Dall'Oglio EL, de Oliveira MR. The signaling pathway PI3K/Akt/Nrf2/HO-1 plays a role in the mitochondrial protection promoted by astaxanthin in the SH-SY5Y cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide. Neurochem Int 2021; 146:105024. [PMID: 33775716 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondria are the major source of reactive species in the mammalian cells. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a potent inducer of redox impairment by a mechanism, at least in part, dependent on its ability to impair mitochondrial function. H2O2 plays an important role in several pathological conditions, including neurodegeneration and cardiovascular diseases. Astaxanthin (AST) is a xanthophyll that may be found in microalgae, crustaceans, and salmon and exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in different cell types. Even though there is evidence pointing to a role for AST as mitochondrial protectant agent, it was not clearly demonstrated how this xanthophyll attenuates mitochondrial stress. Therefore, we investigated here whether and how AST would be able to prevent the H2O2-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. We found that AST (20 μM) prevented the H2O2-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and decrease in the activity of the Complexes I and V. AST pretreatment blocked the mitochondria-related pro-apoptotic effects elicited by H2O2. AST upregulated the enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) by a mechanism dependent on the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway. Inhibition of the PI3K/Akt or of the HO-1 enzyme abolished the AST-induced mitochondrial protection in cells challenged with H2O2. Silencing of Nrf2 caused similar effects. Thus, we suggest that AST promotes mitochondrial protection by a mechanism dependent on the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in SH-SY5Y cells exposed to H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Bittencourt Brasil
- Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Campus Universitário de Rio das Ostras - Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rênata Cristina Bertolini Gobbo
- Grupo de Estudos em Terapia Mitocondrial, Departamento de Bioquímica "Tuiskon Dick", Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 (Anexo), CEP 90035-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica "Tuiskon Dick", Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fhelipe Jolner Souza de Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiaba, MT, Brazil; Grupo de Estudos em Neuroquímica e Neurobiologia de Moléculas Bioativas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, CEP 78060-900, Cuiaba, MT, Brazil
| | - Matheus Dargesso Luckachaki
- Grupo de Estudos em Neuroquímica e Neurobiologia de Moléculas Bioativas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, CEP 78060-900, Cuiaba, MT, Brazil
| | - Evandro Luiz Dall'Oglio
- Grupo de Estudos em Neuroquímica e Neurobiologia de Moléculas Bioativas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, CEP 78060-900, Cuiaba, MT, Brazil
| | - Marcos Roberto de Oliveira
- Grupo de Estudos em Terapia Mitocondrial, Departamento de Bioquímica "Tuiskon Dick", Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 (Anexo), CEP 90035-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica "Tuiskon Dick", Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Grupo de Estudos em Neuroquímica e Neurobiologia de Moléculas Bioativas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, CEP 78060-900, Cuiaba, MT, Brazil.
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The Potential Role of Creatine in Vascular Health. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030857. [PMID: 33807747 PMCID: PMC7999364 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Creatine is an organic compound, consumed exogenously in the diet and synthesized endogenously via an intricate inter-organ process. Functioning in conjunction with creatine kinase, creatine has long been known for its pivotal role in cellular energy provision and energy shuttling. In addition to the abundance of evidence supporting the ergogenic benefits of creatine supplementation, recent evidence suggests a far broader application for creatine within various myopathies, neurodegenerative diseases, and other pathologies. Furthermore, creatine has been found to exhibit non-energy related properties, contributing as a possible direct and in-direct antioxidant and eliciting anti-inflammatory effects. In spite of the new clinical success of supplemental creatine, there is little scientific insight into the potential effects of creatine on cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of mortality. Taking into consideration the non-energy related actions of creatine, highlighted in this review, it can be speculated that creatine supplementation may serve as an adjuvant therapy for the management of vascular health in at-risk populations. This review, therefore, not only aims to summarize the current literature surrounding creatine and vascular health, but to also shed light onto the potential mechanisms in which creatine may be able to serve as a beneficial supplement capable of imparting vascular-protective properties and promoting vascular health.
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Markin AM, Khotina VA, Zabudskaya XG, Bogatyreva AI, Starodubova AV, Ivanova E, Nikiforov NG, Orekhov AN. Disturbance of Mitochondrial Dynamics and Mitochondrial Therapies in Atherosclerosis. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11020165. [PMID: 33672784 PMCID: PMC7924632 DOI: 10.3390/life11020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with a wide range of chronic human disorders, including atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that undergo constant turnover in living cells. Through the processes of mitochondrial fission and fusion, a functional population of mitochondria is maintained, that responds to the energy needs of the cell. Damaged or excessive mitochondria are degraded by mitophagy, a specialized type of autophagy. These processes are orchestrated by a number of proteins and genes, and are tightly regulated. When one or several of these processes are affected, it can lead to the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria, deficient energy production, increased oxidative stress and cell death—features that are described in many human disorders. While severe mitochondrial dysfunction is known to cause specific and mitochondrial disorders in humans, progressing damage of the mitochondria is also observed in a wide range of other chronic diseases, including cancer and atherosclerosis, and appears to play an important role in disease development. Therefore, correction of mitochondrial dynamics can help in developing new therapies for the treatment of these conditions. In this review, we summarize the recent knowledge on the processes of mitochondrial turnover and the proteins and genes involved in it. We provide a list of known mutations that affect mitochondrial function, and discuss the emerging therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. Markin
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.M.); (V.A.K.); (A.I.B.); (N.G.N.); (A.N.O.)
| | - Viktoria A. Khotina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.M.); (V.A.K.); (A.I.B.); (N.G.N.); (A.N.O.)
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8, Baltiyskaya St., 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Xenia G. Zabudskaya
- FSBI National Medical Research Center of Oncology named after N.N. Blokhin of the Ministry of Health of Russia, 115478 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Anastasia I. Bogatyreva
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.M.); (V.A.K.); (A.I.B.); (N.G.N.); (A.N.O.)
| | - Antonina V. Starodubova
- Federal Research Centre for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky Passage, 109240 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Ekaterina Ivanova
- Department of Basic Research, Institute of Atherosclerosis Research, 121609 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +7-(495)4159594
| | - Nikita G. Nikiforov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.M.); (V.A.K.); (A.I.B.); (N.G.N.); (A.N.O.)
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, 117418 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Gene Biology, Centre of collective usage, 119344 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.M.); (V.A.K.); (A.I.B.); (N.G.N.); (A.N.O.)
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8, Baltiyskaya St., 125315 Moscow, Russia
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Mitochondria at Work: New Insights into Regulation and Dysregulation of Cellular Energy Supply and Metabolism. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8110526. [PMID: 33266387 PMCID: PMC7700424 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are of great relevance to health, and their dysregulation is associated with major chronic diseases. Research on mitochondria-156 brand new publications from 2019 and 2020-have contributed to this review. Mitochondria have been fundamental for the evolution of complex organisms. As important and semi-autonomous organelles in cells, they can adapt their function to the needs of the respective organ. They can program their function to energy supply (e.g., to keep heart muscle cells going, life-long) or to metabolism (e.g., to support hepatocytes and liver function). The capacity of mitochondria to re-program between different options is important for all cell types that are capable of changing between a resting state and cell proliferation, such as stem cells and immune cells. Major chronic diseases are characterized by mitochondrial dysregulation. This will be exemplified by cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, immune system disorders, and cancer. New strategies for intervention in chronic diseases will be presented. The tumor microenvironment can be considered a battlefield between cancer and immune defense, competing for energy supply and metabolism. Cancer cachexia is considered as a final stage of cancer progression. Nevertheless, the review will present an example of complete remission of cachexia via immune cell transfer. These findings should encourage studies along the lines of mitochondria, energy supply, and metabolism.
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Phosphoglycerate mutase 5 exacerbates cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury through disrupting mitochondrial quality control. Redox Biol 2020; 38:101777. [PMID: 33166869 PMCID: PMC7658715 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The death of cardiomyocytes either through apoptosis or necroptosis is the pathological feature of cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5), a mitochondrially-localized serine/threonine-protein phosphatase, functions as a novel inducer of necroptosis. However, intense debate exists regarding the effect of PGAM5 on I/R-related cardiomyocyte death. Using cardiac-specific PGAM5 knockout (PGAM5CKO) mice, we comprehensively investigated the precise contribution and molecular mechanism of PGAM5 in cardiomyocyte death. Our data showed that both PGAM5 transcription and expression were upregulated in reperfused myocardium. Genetic ablation of PGAM5 suppressed I/R-mediated necroptosis but failed to prevent apoptosis activation, a result that went along with improved heart function and decreased inflammation response. Regardless of PGAM5 status, mitophagy-related cell death was not apparent following I/R. Under physiological conditions, PGAM5 overexpression in primary cardiomyocytes was sufficient to induce cardiomyocyte necroptosis rather than apoptosis. At the sub-cellular levels, PGAM5 deficiency increased mitochondrial DNA copy number and transcript levels, normalized mitochondrial respiration, repressed mitochondrial ROS production, and prevented abnormal mPTP opening upon I/R. Molecular investigation demonstrated that PGAM5 deletion interrupted I/R-mediated DrpS637 dephosphorylation but failed to abolish I/R-induce Drp1S616 phosphorylation, resulting in partial inhibition of mitochondrial fission. In addition, declining Mfn2 and OPA1 levels were restored in PGAM5CKO cardiomyocytes following I/R. Nevertheless, PGAM5 depletion did not rescue suppressed mitophagy upon I/R injury. In conclusion, our results provide an insight into the specific role and working mechanism of PGAM5 in driving cardiomyocyte necroptosis through imposing mitochondrial quality control in cardiac I/R injury.
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