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Boreak N, Al Mahde RZ, Otayn WA, Alamer AY, Alrajhi T, Jafri S, Sharwani A, Swaidi E, Abozoah S, Mowkly AAM. Exploring Plant-Based Compounds as Alternatives for Targeting Enterococcus faecalis in Endodontic Therapy: A Molecular Docking Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7727. [PMID: 39062969 PMCID: PMC11276846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Endodontic infections pose significant challenges in dental practice due to their persistence and potential complications. Among the causative agents, Enterococcus faecalis stands out for its ability to form biofilms and develop resistance to conventional antibiotics, leading to treatment failures and recurrent infections. The urgent need for alternative treatments arises from the growing concern over antibiotic resistance and the limitations of current therapeutic options in combating E. faecalis-associated endodontic infections. Plant-based natural compounds offer a promising avenue for exploration, given their diverse bioactive properties and potential as sources of novel antimicrobial agents. In this study, molecular docking and dynamics simulations are employed to explore the interactions between SrtA, a key enzyme in E. faecalis, and plant-based natural compounds. Analysis of phytocompounds through molecular docking unveiled several candidates with binding energies surpassing that of the control drug, ampicillin, with pinocembrin emerging as the lead compound due to its strong interactions with key residues of SrtA. Comparative analysis with ampicillin underscored varying degrees of structural similarity among the study compounds. Molecular dynamics simulations provided deeper insights into the dynamic behavior and stability of protein-ligand complexes, with pinocembrin demonstrating minimal conformational changes and effective stabilization of the N-terminal region. Free energy landscape analysis supported pinocembrin's stabilizing effects, further corroborated by hydrogen bond analysis. Additionally, physicochemical properties analysis highlighted the drug-likeness of pinocembrin and glabridin. Overall, this study elucidates the potential anti-bacterial properties of selected phytocompounds against E. faecalis infections, with pinocembrin emerging as a promising lead compound for further drug development efforts, offering new avenues for combating bacterial infections and advancing therapeutic interventions in endodontic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nezar Boreak
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (R.Z.A.M.); (A.Y.A.); (T.A.); (S.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Rahf Zuhair Al Mahde
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (R.Z.A.M.); (A.Y.A.); (T.A.); (S.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Waseem Ahmed Otayn
- Specialized Dental Canter, Ministry of Health, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (W.A.O.)
| | - Amwaj Yahya Alamer
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (R.Z.A.M.); (A.Y.A.); (T.A.); (S.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Taif Alrajhi
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (R.Z.A.M.); (A.Y.A.); (T.A.); (S.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Shatha Jafri
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (R.Z.A.M.); (A.Y.A.); (T.A.); (S.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Amnah Sharwani
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (R.Z.A.M.); (A.Y.A.); (T.A.); (S.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Entesar Swaidi
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (R.Z.A.M.); (A.Y.A.); (T.A.); (S.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Shahad Abozoah
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (R.Z.A.M.); (A.Y.A.); (T.A.); (S.J.); (A.S.)
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Hamion G, Aucher W, Mercier A, Tewes F, Menard M, Bertaux J, Girardot M, Imbert C. Insights into betulinic acid as a promising molecule to fight the interkingdom biofilm Staphylococcus aureus-Candida albicans. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2024; 63:107166. [PMID: 38570017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2024.107166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The demand for antibiofilm molecules has increased over several years due to their potential to fight biofilm-associated infections, such as those including the interkingdom Staphylococcus aureus-Candida albicans occurring in clinical settings worldwide. Recently, we identified a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound, betulinic acid, from invasive macrophytes, with interesting antibiofilm properties. The aim of the present study was to provide insights into the mechanism of action of betulinic acid against the clinically relevant bi-species S. aureus-C. albicans biofilms. Microscopy examinations, flow cytometry and crystal violet assays confirmed that betulinic acid was effective at damaging mature S. aureus-C. albicans biofilms or inhibiting their formation, reducing biofilm biomass by 70% on average and without microbicidal activity. The results suggested an action of betulinic acid on cell membranes, inducing changes in properties such as composition, hydrophobicity and fluidity as observed in C. albicans, which may hinder the early adhesion step, biofilm growth and the physical interactions of both microbial species. Further results of real-time polymerase chain reaction argued in favour of a reduction in S. aureus-C. albicans physical interaction due to betulinic acid by the modulation of biofilm-related gene expression, as observed in early stages of biofilm formation. This study revealed the potential of betulinic acid as a candidate agent for the prevention and treatment of S. aureus-C. albicans biofilm-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Hamion
- Ecology and Biology of Interactions, University of Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, Poitiers, France.
| | - Willy Aucher
- Ecology and Biology of Interactions, University of Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, Poitiers, France
| | - Anne Mercier
- Ecology and Biology of Interactions, University of Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, Poitiers, France
| | - Frederic Tewes
- Pharmacology of Antimicrobial Agents and Antibioresistance, University of Poitiers, INSERM U1070, Poitiers, France
| | - Maëlenn Menard
- Ecology and Biology of Interactions, University of Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, Poitiers, France
| | - Joanne Bertaux
- Ecology and Biology of Interactions, University of Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, Poitiers, France
| | - Marion Girardot
- Ecology and Biology of Interactions, University of Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, Poitiers, France
| | - Christine Imbert
- Ecology and Biology of Interactions, University of Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, Poitiers, France
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Anokwah D, Asante-Kwatia E, Asante J, Obeng-Mensah D, Danquah CA, Amponsah IK, Ameyaw EO, Biney RP, Obese E, Oberer L, Amoako DG, Abia ALK, Mensah AY. Antibacterial, Resistance Modulation, Anti-Biofilm Formation, and Efflux Pump Inhibition Properties of Loeseneriella africana (Willd.) N. Halle (Celastraceae) Stem Extract and Its Constituents. Microorganisms 2023; 12:7. [PMID: 38276176 PMCID: PMC10819663 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the antibacterial, resistance modulation, biofilm inhibition, and efflux pump inhibition potentials of Loeseneriella africana stem extract and its constituents. The antimicrobial activity was investigated by the high-throughput spot culture growth inhibition (HT-SPOTi) and broth microdilution assays. The resistance modulation activity was investigated using the anti-biofilm formation and efflux pump inhibition assays. Purification of the extract was carried out by chromatographic methods, and the isolated compounds were characterized based on nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared and mass spectrometry spectral data and comparison with published literature. The whole extract, methanol, ethyl acetate, and pet-ether fractions of L. africana all showed antibacterial activity against the test bacteria with MICs ranging from 62.5 to 500.0 µg/mL The whole extract demonstrated resistance modulation effect through strong biofilm inhibition and efflux pump inhibition activities against S. aureus ATCC 25923, E. coli ATCC 25922 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853. Chromatographic fractionation of the ethyl acetate fraction resulted in the isolation of a triterpenoid (4S,4αS,6αR,6βS,8αS,12αS,12βR,14αS,14βR)-4,4α,6β,8α,11,11,12β,14α-Octamethyloctadecahydropicene-1,3(2H,4H)-dione) and a phytosterol (β-sitosterol). These compounds showed antibacterial activity against susceptible bacteria at a MIC range of 31-125 µg/mL and potentiated the antibacterial activity of amoxicillin (at ¼ MIC of compounds) against E. coli and P. aeruginosa with modulation factors of 32 and 10, respectively. These compounds also demonstrated good anti-biofilm formation effect at a concentration range of 3-100 µg/mL, and bacterial efflux pump inhibition activity at ½ MIC and ¼ MIC against E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Loeseneriella africana stem bark extracts and constituents elicit considerable antibacterial, resistance modulation, and biofilm and efflux pump inhibition activities. The results justify the indigenous uses of L. africana for managing microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Anokwah
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, PMB, Cape Coast, Ghana; (J.A.); (D.O.-M.); (E.O.A.); (R.P.B.); (E.O.)
| | - Evelyn Asante-Kwatia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, Kumasi, Ghana; (E.A.-K.); (I.K.A.); (A.Y.M.)
| | - Jonathan Asante
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, PMB, Cape Coast, Ghana; (J.A.); (D.O.-M.); (E.O.A.); (R.P.B.); (E.O.)
| | - Daniel Obeng-Mensah
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, PMB, Cape Coast, Ghana; (J.A.); (D.O.-M.); (E.O.A.); (R.P.B.); (E.O.)
| | - Cynthia Amaning Danquah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, Kumasi, Ghana;
| | - Isaac Kingsley Amponsah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, Kumasi, Ghana; (E.A.-K.); (I.K.A.); (A.Y.M.)
| | - Elvis Ofori Ameyaw
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, PMB, Cape Coast, Ghana; (J.A.); (D.O.-M.); (E.O.A.); (R.P.B.); (E.O.)
| | - Robert Peter Biney
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, PMB, Cape Coast, Ghana; (J.A.); (D.O.-M.); (E.O.A.); (R.P.B.); (E.O.)
| | - Ernest Obese
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, PMB, Cape Coast, Ghana; (J.A.); (D.O.-M.); (E.O.A.); (R.P.B.); (E.O.)
| | - Lukas Oberer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Daniel Gyamfi Amoako
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; (D.G.A.); (A.L.K.A.)
| | - Akebe Luther King Abia
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; (D.G.A.); (A.L.K.A.)
- Environmental Research Foundation, Westville 3630, South Africa
| | - Abraham Yeboah Mensah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, Kumasi, Ghana; (E.A.-K.); (I.K.A.); (A.Y.M.)
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Talla RM, Tamfu AN, Wakeu BNK, Ceylan O, Mbazoa CD, Kapche GDWF, Lenta BN, Sewald N, Wandji J. Evaluation of anti-quorum sensing and antibiofilm effects of secondary metabolites from Gambeya lacourtiana (De Wild) Aubr. & Pellegr against selected pathogens. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:300. [PMID: 37620848 PMCID: PMC10464238 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04115-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial infections cause serious health problems especially with the rising antibiotic resistance which accounts for about 700,000 human deaths annually. Antibiotics which target bacterial death encounter microbial resistance with time, hence, there is an urgent need for the search of antimicrobial substances which target disruption of virulence factors such as biofilm and quorum sensing (QS) with selective pressure on the pathogens so as to avoid resistance. METHODS Natural products are suitable leads for antimicrobial drugs that can inhibit bacterial biofilms and QS. Twenty compounds isolated from the medicinal plant Gambeya lacourtiana were evaluated for their antibiofilm and anti-quorum sensing effects against selected pathogenic bacteria. RESULTS Most of the compounds inhibited violacein production in Chromobacterium violaceum CV12472 and the most active compound, Epicatechin had 100% inhibition at MIC (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration) and was the only compound to inhibit violacein production at MIC/8 with percentage inhibition of 17.2 ± 0.9%. Since the bacteria C. violaceum produces violacein while growing, the inhibition of the production of this pigment reflects the inhibition of signal production. Equally, some compounds inhibited violacein production by C. violaceum CV026 in the midst of an externally supplied acylhomoserine lactone, indicating that they disrupted signal molecule reception. Most of the compounds exhibited biofilm inhibition on Staphyloccocus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans and it was observed that the Gram-positive bacteria biofilm was most susceptible. The triterpenoids bearing carboxylic acid group, the ceramide and epicatechin were the most active compounds compared to others. CONCLUSION Since some of the compounds disrupted QS mediated processes in bacteria, it indicates that this plant is a source of antibiotics drugs that can reduce microbial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rostan Mangoua Talla
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training C ollege, The University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Alfred Ngenge Tamfu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Mineral Industries, University of Ngaoundéré, P.O. Box 454, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon.
- Food Quality Control and Analysis Program, Ula Ali Kocman Vocational School, Mugla Sitki Koc-man University, Mugla, 48147, Turkey.
| | - Brussine Nadège Kweka Wakeu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Ozgur Ceylan
- Food Quality Control and Analysis Program, Ula Ali Kocman Vocational School, Mugla Sitki Koc-man University, Mugla, 48147, Turkey
| | - Céline Djama Mbazoa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Bruno Ndjakou Lenta
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training C ollege, The University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Chemistry Department, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, P.O. Box 100131, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jean Wandji
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Chung PY, Loh PLN, Neoh HM, Ramli R. Alpha-amyrin as an anti-biofilm agent against methicillin-resistant and vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17892. [PMID: 37456062 PMCID: PMC10344748 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus has caused life-threatening infections and developed resistance against conventional antimicrobials, posing a significant threat to human health worldwide. Biofilms that surround the bacteria cells act as a protective layer, allowing cells inside the biofilm to be resistant to external stresses such as antimicrobials. Therefore, biofilms further complicate treatment available for infections caused by multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus. A previous study on alpha-amyrin (AM), derived from ursane, was reported to significantly reduce the biomass and inhibit the metabolic activity of reference strain methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MRSA and MSSA, respectively). In this study, the antibiofilm activity of AM was extended to include clinical isolates of MSSA and MRSA, and laboratory-generated vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) collected from University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center (PPUKM) and Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI). Pre-formed biofilms of biofilm-forming isolates identified from the Congo Red Agar (CRA) assay were then exposed to AM, vancomycin and oxacillin, and evaluated using the crystal violet and resazurin assays. The results showed that AM reduced the biofilm biomass of three isolates of MSSA, eight isolates of MRSA and four isolates of VISA but increased the metabolic activity in certain MSSA, MRSA and VISA isolates, indicating AM may possess biofilm reduction effects but not bactericidal effects. Based on these findings, AM could be further studied and developed as a potential therapeutic agent for chronic S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooi Yin Chung
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pey Lin Narissa Loh
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hui-min Neoh
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Molecular Biology Institute, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ramliza Ramli
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Canellas ALB, de Oliveira BFR, Nunes SDO, Malafaia CA, Amaral ACF, Simas DLR, Leal ICR, Laport MS. Delving into the Mechanisms of Sponge-Associated Enterobacter against Staphylococcal Biofilms. Molecules 2023; 28:4843. [PMID: 37375398 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococci are one of the most common causes of biofilm-related infections. Such infections are hard to treat with conventional antimicrobials, which often lead to bacterial resistance, thus being associated with higher mortality rates while imposing a heavy economic burden on the healthcare system. Investigating antibiofilm strategies is an area of interest in the fight against biofilm-associated infections. Previously, a cell-free supernatant from marine-sponge-associated Enterobacter sp. inhibited staphylococcal biofilm formation and dissociated the mature biofilm. This study aimed to identify the chemical components responsible for the antibiofilm activity of Enterobacter sp. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the aqueous extract at the concentration of 32 μg/mL could dissociate the mature biofilm. Liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry revealed seven potential compounds in the aqueous extract, including alkaloids, macrolides, steroids, and triterpenes. This study also suggests a possible mode of action on staphylococcal biofilms and supports the potential of sponge-derived Enterobacter as a source of antibiofilm compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Luiza Bauer Canellas
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Bruno Francesco Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Suzanne de Oliveira Nunes
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Camila Adão Malafaia
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Ensaios Biológicos, DPNA, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia F Amaral
- Laboratório de Plantas Medicinais e Derivados, Farmanguinhos, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil
| | - Daniel Luiz Reis Simas
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Ensaios Biológicos, DPNA, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- Bio Assets Biotecnologia, São Paulo 05511-010, Brazil
| | - Ivana Correa Ramos Leal
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Ensaios Biológicos, DPNA, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Marinella Silva Laport
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil
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Santos PR, Kraus RB, Ladeira SL, Pereira GM, Cunha KF, Palhares KE, Silva ACA, Dors GC, Lima HG, Cereser ND, Nascente PS. Resistance profile and biofilm production of Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus sp., and Streptococcus spp. from dairy farms in southern Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:1217-1229. [PMID: 36811767 PMCID: PMC10235326 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00929-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk is a high nutritional value food that helps in human development and growth. However, it can also harbor microorganisms. Therefore, the objective of this study was to isolate, identify and evaluate the resistance profile and pathogenicity factors of gram-positive cocci isolated from liners in milking rooms in the south of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Biochemical and molecular tests were performed for the identification. The following were isolated: Enterococcus faecalis (10), Enterococcus faecium (4), Staphylococcus intermedius (1), Streptococcus uberis (1), and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (1). The susceptibility of isolated microorganisms to eight antibiotics was evaluated according to CLSI, and the genus that proved to be resistant to most of those was Enterococcus. In addition, all 17 isolates were able to form biofilm, which remained viable after the use of neutral, alkaline and alkaline-chlorinated detergent. The only product that was effective against biofilm of all microorganisms was chlorhexidine 2%. The results obtained highlight the importance of pre- and post-dipping tests on dairy properties, in which chlorhexidine is one of the disinfectants used. As observed, products indicated for cleaning and descaling pipes were not effective on biofilms of the different species tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. R. Santos
- Departament of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, 96010-900 Brazil
| | - R. B. Kraus
- Departament of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, 96010-900 Brazil
| | - S. L. Ladeira
- Regional Laboratory of Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, 96010-900 Brazil
| | - G. M. Pereira
- Departament of Mathematics and Statistics, Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, 96010-900 Brazil
| | - K. F. Cunha
- Departament of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, 96010-900 Brazil
| | - K. E. Palhares
- Departament of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, 96010-900 Brazil
| | - A. C. A. Silva
- Campus Xapuri, Federal Institute of Acre, Xapuri, 78900-000 Brazil
| | - G. C. Dors
- Departament of Agribusiness Science and Technology, Eliseu Maciel College of Agronomy, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, 96010-900 Brazil
| | - H. G. Lima
- Departament of Preventive Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, 96010-900 Brazil
| | - N. D. Cereser
- Departament of Preventive Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, 96010-900 Brazil
| | - P. S. Nascente
- Departament of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, 96010-900 Brazil
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Cheesman MJ, Shivashekaregowda NKH, Cock IE. Bacterial Foodborne Illness in Malaysia: Terminalia spp. as a Potential Resource for Treating Infections and Countering Antibiotic Resistance. Malays J Med Sci 2023; 30:42-54. [PMID: 37102050 PMCID: PMC10125245 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2023.30.2.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute diarrhoea is becoming a major public health problem in Malaysia, with more than 13.5 million cases reported annually. Foodborne bacterial pathogens are a predominant cause of diarrhoea, with infections causing prolonged illness durations and higher patient mortality rates, placing a tremendous burden on the Malaysian economy. Due to increasing incidences of diarrhoea in Malaysia caused by foodborne pathogens and the increasing levels of resistance towards antibiotics from many different classes, new drugs and/or therapies are urgently required. The evidence for plants as new sources of antibiotics has increased dramatically in recent years and there has been a substantial increase in interest in traditional and herbal medicines. Several Terminalia spp. are native to Malaysia, with previous research demonstrating that Terminalia spp. are rich in therapeutic phytochemicals and possess antibacterial properties. However, limited research has been conducted on the native Malaysian Terminalia spp. for their potential as new antibacterial therapies. The current review discusses the types of bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant strains, that cause food poisoning in Malaysia, and reports the phytochemical content and antibacterial properties of eight of these useful plant species. Future directions pertaining to drug discovery pathways are also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew James Cheesman
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Ian Edwin Cock
- School of Environment and Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Australia
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Betulinic acid inhibits growth of hepatoma cells through activating the NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy pathway. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
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Hamion G, Aucher W, Tardif C, Miranda J, Rouger C, Imbert C, Girardot M. Valorization of Invasive Plant Extracts against the Bispecies Biofilm Staphylococcus aureus- Candida albicans by a Bioguided Molecular Networking Screening. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11111595. [PMID: 36421241 PMCID: PMC9686625 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive plants efficiently colonize non-native territories, suggesting a great production of bioactive metabolites which could be effective antibiofilm weapons. Our study aimed to look for original molecules able to inhibit bispecies biofilm formed by S. aureus and C. albicans. Extracts from five invasive macrophytes (Ludwigia peploides, Ludwigia grandiflora, Myriophyllum aquaticum, Lagarosiphon major and Egeria densa) were prepared and tested in vitro against 24 h old bispecies biofilms using a crystal violet staining (CVS) assay. The activities of the extracts reducing the biofilm total biomass by 50% or more were comparatively analyzed against each microbial species forming the biofilm by flow cytometry (FCM) and scanning electron microscopy. Extracts active against both species were fractionated. Obtained fractions were analyzed by UHPLC-MS/MS and evaluated by the CVS assay. Chemical and biological data were combined into a bioactivity-based molecular networking (BBMN) to identify active compounds. The aerial stem extract of L. grandiflora showed the highest antibiofilm activity (>50% inhibition at 50 µg∙mL−1). The biological, chemical and BBMN investigations of its fractions highlighted nine ions correlated with the antibiofilm activity. The most correlated compound, identified as betulinic acid (BA), inhibited bispecies biofilms regardless of the three tested couples of strains (ATCC strains: >40% inhibition, clinical isolates: ≈27% inhibition), confirming its antibiofilm interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Hamion
- Laboratoire EBI, University of Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, F-86000 Poitiers, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Willy Aucher
- Laboratoire EBI, University of Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, F-86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Charles Tardif
- University of Bordeaux, UMR INRAE 1366, Bordeaux INP, OENO, ISVV, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, UMR INRAE 1366, Bordeaux INP, OENO, ISVV, F-33170 Gradignan, France
| | - Julie Miranda
- University of Bordeaux, UMR INRAE 1366, Bordeaux INP, OENO, ISVV, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, UMR INRAE 1366, Bordeaux INP, OENO, ISVV, F-33170 Gradignan, France
| | - Caroline Rouger
- University of Bordeaux, UMR INRAE 1366, Bordeaux INP, OENO, ISVV, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, UMR INRAE 1366, Bordeaux INP, OENO, ISVV, F-33170 Gradignan, France
- Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHUB, PHENOME-EMPHASIS, Centre INRAE de Nouvelle Aquitaine-Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Christine Imbert
- Laboratoire EBI, University of Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, F-86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Marion Girardot
- Laboratoire EBI, University of Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, F-86000 Poitiers, France
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11
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Özdemir Z, Wimmer Z. Selected plant triterpenoids and their amide derivatives in cancer treatment: A review. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 203:113340. [PMID: 35987401 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants have been used to treat different diseases throughout the human history namely in traditional medicine. Most of the plants mentioned in this review article belong among them, including those that are widely spread in the nature, counted frequently to be food and nutrition plants and producing pharmacologically important secondary metabolites. Triterpenoids represent an important group of plant secondary metabolites displaying emerging pharmacological importance. This review article sheds light on four selected triterpenoids, oleanolic, ursolic, betulinic and platanic acid, and on their amide derivatives as important natural or semisynthetic agents in cancer treatment, and, in part, in pathogenic microbe treatment. A literature search was made in the Web of Science for the given key words covering the required area of secondary plant metabolites and their amide derivatives. The most recently published findings on the biological activity of the selected triterpenoids, and on the structures and biological activity of their relevant amide derivatives have been summarized therein. Mainly anti-cancer effects, and, in part, antimicrobial and other effects of the four selected triterpenoids and their amide derivatives have also been reviewed. A comparison of the effects of the parent plant products and those of their amide derivatives has been made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulal Özdemir
- University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 16028, Prague 6, Czech Republic; Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Isotope Laboratory, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdeněk Wimmer
- University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 16028, Prague 6, Czech Republic; Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Isotope Laboratory, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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12
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Nizzy AM, Kannan S. A review on the conversion of cassava wastes into value-added products towards a sustainable environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:69223-69240. [PMID: 35962891 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22500-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The solid and liquid wastes generated from cassava-based industries are organic and acidic in nature, which leads to various global concerns-primarily global warming and biodiversity loss. But the conversion of these wastes into value-added products associated with environmental pollution control contributes to sustainable development. Generally, the thermochemical process such as pyrolysis and gasification and biochemical processes such as anaerobic digestion have been applied for the conversion of cassava waste into value-added products. This review addresses the valorization of cassava wastes, which fulfill almost all needs of the hour, such as energy (biofuel), wastewater treatment (adsorbents), bioplastics, starch nanoparticles, organic acid production, and antimicrobial agents. The major aim of this paper is to analyze and provide the disclosure of the efficiency of cassava-based industrial waste as a source to minimize the problem associated with conventional fossil fuels and through which mitigate the impact of global warming and climate change. Furthermore, recent research and achievements in the valorization of cassava waste have been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Mariathankam Nizzy
- Department of Environmental Studies, School of Energy Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Suruli Kannan
- Department of Environmental Studies, School of Energy Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
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13
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Sycz Z, Wojnicz D, Tichaczek-Goska D. Does Secondary Plant Metabolite Ursolic Acid Exhibit Antibacterial Activity against Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Living in Single- and Multispecies Biofilms? Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081691. [PMID: 36015317 PMCID: PMC9415239 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multispecies bacterial biofilms are the often cause of chronic recurrent urinary tract infections within the human population. Eradicating such a complex bacterial consortium with standard pharmacotherapy is often unsuccessful. Therefore, plant-derived compounds are currently being researched as an alternative strategy to antibiotic therapy for preventing bacterial biofilm formation and facilitating its eradication. Therefore, our research aimed to determine the effect of secondary plant metabolite ursolic acid (UA) on the growth and survival, the quantity of exopolysaccharides formed, metabolic activity, and morphology of uropathogenic Gram-negative rods living in single- and mixed-species biofilms at various stages of their development. Spectrophotometric methods were used for biofilm mass formation and metabolic activity determination. The survival of bacteria was established using the serial dilution assay. The decrease in survival and inhibition of biofilm creation, both single- and multispecies, as well as changes in the morphology of bacterial cells were noticed. As UA exhibited better activity against young biofilms, the use of UA-containing formulations, especially during the initial steps of urinary tract infection, seems to be reasonable. However, the future direction should be a thorough understanding of the mechanisms of UA activity as a bioactive substance.
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14
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Tamfu AN, Ceylan O, Cârâc G, Talla E, Dinica RM. Antibiofilm and Anti-Quorum Sensing Potential of Cycloartane-Type Triterpene Acids from Cameroonian Grassland Propolis: Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Crude Extract. Molecules 2022; 27:4872. [PMID: 35956824 PMCID: PMC9369644 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Propolis is very popular for its beneficial health properties, such as antimicrobial activity and antioxidant effects. It is one of the most long-serving traditional medicines to mankind due to its interesting chemical diversity and therapeutic properties. The detailed chemical information of propolis samples is very necessary to guarantee its safety and for it to be accepted into health care systems. The phenolic profile of the hydroethanolic extract was determined using HPLC-DAD, and the antioxidant was evaluated using five complementary methods. Triterpenoids were isolated using column chromatography and characterized using 1H NMR and 13C NMR. The effects of the extract and the isolated compounds on quorum sensing mediated processes and biofilm formation in bacteria were evaluated. Protocatechic acid (40.76 ± 0.82 µg/g), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (24.04 ± 0.21 µg/g), vanillic acid (29.90 ± 1.05 µg/g), quercetin (43.53 ± 1.10 µg/g), and luteolin (4.44 ± 0.48 µg/g) were identified and quantified. The extract showed good antioxidant activity in the DPPH•, ABTS•+, CUPRAC, and metal chelating assays, and this antioxidant effect was confirmed by cyclic voltammetry. 27-Hydroxymangiferonic acid (1), Ambolic acid (2), and Mangiferonic acid (3) were isolated from anti-quorum sensing activity at MIC, and it was indicated that the most active sample was the extract with inhibition diameter zone of 18.0 ± 1.0 mm, while compounds 1, 2, and 3 had inhibition zones of 12.0 ± 0.5 mm, 9.0 ± 1.0 mm, and 12.3 ± 1.0 mm, respectively. The samples inhibited the P. aeruginosa PA01 swarming motility at the three tested concentrations (50, 75, and 100 μg/mL) in a dose-dependent manner. The propolis extract was able to inhibit biofilm formation by S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, C. albicans, and C. tropicalis at MIC concentration. Compound 1 proved biofilm inhibition on S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, E. faecalis, E. coli, and C. tropicalis at MIC and MIC/2; compound 2 inhibited the formation of biofilm at MIC on S. aureus, E. faecalis, E. coli, S. typhi, C. albicans, and C. tropicalis; and compound 3 inhibited biofilm formation on E. faecalis, E. coli, C. albicans, and C. tropicalis and further biofilm inhibition on E. coli at MIC/4 and MIC/8. The studied propolis sample showed important amounts of cycloartane-type triterpene acids, and this indicates that there can be significant intra-regional variation probably due to specific flora within the vicinity. The results indicate that propolis and its compounds can reduce virulence factors of pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Ngenge Tamfu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Mineral Industries, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon;
- Food Quality Control and Analysis Program, Ula Ali Kocman Vocational School, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla 48147, Turkey;
| | - Ozgur Ceylan
- Food Quality Control and Analysis Program, Ula Ali Kocman Vocational School, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla 48147, Turkey;
| | - Geta Cârâc
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Environment, Physics and Environment, Dunarea de Jos University, Galati, 47 Domneasca Str., 800008 Galati, Romania;
| | - Emmanuel Talla
- School of Chemical Engineering and Mineral Industries, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon;
| | - Rodica Mihaela Dinica
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Environment, Physics and Environment, Dunarea de Jos University, Galati, 47 Domneasca Str., 800008 Galati, Romania;
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15
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Ali IAA, Neelakantan P. Antibiofilm activity of phytochemicals against Enterococcus faecalis: A literature review. Phytother Res 2022; 36:2824-2838. [PMID: 35522168 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is a leading causative pathogen of recalcitrant infections affecting heart valves, urinary tract, surgical wounds and dental root canals. Its robust biofilm formation, production of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance contribute significantly to its pathogenicity in persistent infections. The decreased effectiveness of most of antibiotics in preventing and/or eradicating E. faecalis biofilms mandates the discovery of alternative novel antibiofilm agents. Phytochemicals are potential sources of antibiofilm agents due to their antivirulence activity, diversity of chemical structure and multiple mechanisms of action. In this review, we describe the phenotypic and genetic attributes that contribute to antimicrobial tolerance of E. faecalis biofilms. We illuminate the benefits of implementing the phytochemicals to tackle microbial pathogens. Finally, we report the antibiofilm activity of phytochemicals against E. faecalis, and explain their mechanisms of action. These compounds belong to different chemical classes such as terpenes, phenylpropenes, flavonoids, curcuminoids and alkaloids. They demonstrate the ability to inhibit the formation of and/or eradicate E. faecalis biofilms. However, the exact mechanisms of action of most of these compounds are not fully understood. Therefore, the future studies should elucidate the underlying mechanisms in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam A A Ali
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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16
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Sycz Z, Tichaczek-Goska D, Wojnicz D. Anti-Planktonic and Anti-Biofilm Properties of Pentacyclic Triterpenes-Asiatic Acid and Ursolic Acid as Promising Antibacterial Future Pharmaceuticals. Biomolecules 2022; 12:98. [PMID: 35053246 PMCID: PMC8774094 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the ever-increasing number of multidrug-resistant bacteria, research concerning plant-derived compounds with antimicrobial mechanisms of action has been conducted. Pentacyclic triterpenes, which have a broad spectrum of medicinal properties, are one of such groups. Asiatic acid (AA) and ursolic acid (UA), which belong to this group, exhibit diverse biological activities that include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, and immunostimulatory. Some of these articles usually contain only a short section describing the antibacterial effects of AA or UA. Therefore, our review article aims to provide the reader with a broader understanding of the activity of these acids against pathogenic bacteria. The bacteria in the human body can live in the planktonic form and create a biofilm structure. Therefore, we found it valuable to present the action of AA and UA on both planktonic and biofilm cultures. The article also presents mechanisms of the biological activity of these substances against microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dorota Tichaczek-Goska
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland; (Z.S.); (D.W.)
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17
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Formulating Bioactive Terpenes. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121745. [PMID: 34944389 PMCID: PMC8698770 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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18
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Santana K, do Nascimento LD, Lima e Lima A, Damasceno V, Nahum C, Braga RC, Lameira J. Applications of Virtual Screening in Bioprospecting: Facts, Shifts, and Perspectives to Explore the Chemo-Structural Diversity of Natural Products. Front Chem 2021; 9:662688. [PMID: 33996755 PMCID: PMC8117418 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.662688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products are continually explored in the development of new bioactive compounds with industrial applications, attracting the attention of scientific research efforts due to their pharmacophore-like structures, pharmacokinetic properties, and unique chemical space. The systematic search for natural sources to obtain valuable molecules to develop products with commercial value and industrial purposes remains the most challenging task in bioprospecting. Virtual screening strategies have innovated the discovery of novel bioactive molecules assessing in silico large compound libraries, favoring the analysis of their chemical space, pharmacodynamics, and their pharmacokinetic properties, thus leading to the reduction of financial efforts, infrastructure, and time involved in the process of discovering new chemical entities. Herein, we discuss the computational approaches and methods developed to explore the chemo-structural diversity of natural products, focusing on the main paradigms involved in the discovery and screening of bioactive compounds from natural sources, placing particular emphasis on artificial intelligence, cheminformatics methods, and big data analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kauê Santana
- Instituto de Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, Brazil
| | | | - Anderson Lima e Lima
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Damasceno
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Claudio Nahum
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Jerônimo Lameira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
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Anokwah D, Asante-Kwatia E, Mensah AY, Danquah CA, Harley BK, Amponsah IK, Oberer L. Bioactive constituents with antibacterial, resistance modulation, anti-biofilm formation and efflux pump inhibition properties from Aidia genipiflora stem bark. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-021-00266-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Antimicrobial resistance is a global health challenge. The involvement of bacterial biofilms and efflux pumps in the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) is well established. Medicinal plants have been proposed as alternatives for combating MDR focusing on their bioactive constituents with resistance modulatory activities. This study was aimed at investigating the stem bark of Aidia genipiflora for bioactive constituents with anti-biofilm, efflux pump inhibition and resistance modulatory activities.
Method
The crude methanol extract was purified by column chromatography and isolated compounds characterized by mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. Antibacterial activity was determined by the High-throughput spot culture growth inhibition and the broth micro-dilution assay. The ethidium bromide accumulation assay was used to determine efflux pump inhibition property. Biofilm inhibition was determined in a microplate crystal violet retention assay.
Results
Purification of the ethyl acetate fraction led to the isolation of oleanonic acid (1), 4-hydroxy cinnamic acid docosyl ester (2), β-stigmasterol/β-sitosterol (mixture 3a/b) and D-mannitol (4). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranged from 250 to > 500 μg/mL for extracts and fractions and from 15 to 250 μg/mL for compounds. In the presence of sub-inhibitory concentrations of the compounds, the MIC of amoxicillin against E. coli (20 μg/mL) and P. aeruginosa (320 μg/mL) was reduced by 32 and 10 folds respectively. The whole extract demonstrated anti-biofilm formation and efflux pump inhibition in E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. The sterol mixture (3a/b) at concentration of 100 μg/mL caused the highest inhibition (73%) of biofilm formation in S. aureus. Oleanonic acid (1) demonstrated remarkable efflux pump inhibition at MIC of 7.8 μg/mL in E. coli better than the standard drugs verapamil and chlorpromazine.
Conclusion
This study confirms the prospects of A. genipiflora as a source of new antibacterial agents and adjuvants that could interact with some resistance mechanisms in bacteria to enhance the activity of hitherto ineffective antibiotics. “A small portion of the study has been presented in a conference in the form of poster”.
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20
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A comprehensive and comparative study on the action of pentacyclic triterpenoids on Vibrio cholerae biofilms. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104493. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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21
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Son J, Lee SY. Therapeutic Potential of Ursonic Acid: Comparison with Ursolic Acid. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1505. [PMID: 33147723 PMCID: PMC7693102 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have been used as drugs to treat human disease for centuries. Ursonic acid (UNA) is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoid extracted from certain medicinal herbs such as Ziziphus jujuba. Since the pharmacological effects and associated mechanisms of UNA are not well-known, in this work, we attempt to introduce the therapeutic potential of UNA with a comparison to ursolic acid (ULA), a well-known secondary metabolite, for beneficial effects. UNA has a keto group at the C-3 position, which may provide a critical difference for the varied biological activities between UNA and ULA. Several studies previously showed that UNA exerts pharmaceutical effects similar to, or stronger than, ULA, with UNA significantly decreasing the survival and proliferation of various types of cancer cells. UNA has potential to exert inhibitory effects in parasitic protozoa that cause several tropical diseases. UNA also exerts other potential effects, including antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antioxidant activities. Of note, a recent study highlighted the suppressive potential of UNA against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Molecular modifications of UNA may enhance bioavailability, which is crucial for in vivo and clinical studies. In conclusion, UNA has promising potential to be developed in anticancer and antiprotozoan pharmaceuticals. In-depth investigations may increase the possibility of UNA being developed as a novel reagent for chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13120, Korea;
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22
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Paul Bhattacharya S, Mitra A, Bhattacharya A, Sen A. Quorum quenching activity of pentacyclic triterpenoids leads to inhibition of biofilm formation by Acinetobacter baumannii. BIOFOULING 2020; 36:922-937. [PMID: 33103466 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1831480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The quorum quenching (QQ) potential of three pentacyclic triterpenoids, glycyrrhetinic acid (GRA), ursolic acid (UA) and betulinic acid (BA), representing distinct groups of compounds, was evaluated. Violacein production by Chromobacterium violaceum and pyocyanin production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa were severely affected by GRA, UA and BA, suggesting a perturbation of N-acyl homoserine lactone (ASL) based signaling. Molecular docking analysis revealed a possible interaction between ASL-synthase and ASL-dependent transcriptional activator homologs from P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii with common binding pockets for GRA, UA and BA. The triterpenoids inhibited biofilm formation by A. baumannii and affected the overall structure of biofilms. When administered in combination, two of the three molecules fostered antibiotic action against A. baumannii biofilms, widening the scope for developing novel combinations against the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akash Mitra
- Department of Microbiology, Adamas University, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Aparna Sen
- Department of Microbiology, Lady Brabourne College, Kolkata, India
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23
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Ramasamy M, Nanda SS, Lee JH, Lee J. Construction of Alizarin Conjugated Graphene Oxide Composites for Inhibition of Candida albicans Biofilms. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040565. [PMID: 32272698 PMCID: PMC7226399 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm inhibition using nanoparticle-based drug carriers has emerged as a noninvasive strategy to eradicate microbial contaminants such as fungus Candida albicans. In this study, one-step adsorption strategy was utilized to conjugate alizarin (AZ) on graphene oxide (GO) and characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), dynamic light-scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Crystal violet assay was performed to evaluate the antibiofilm efficacy of GO-AZs against C. albicans. Different characterizations disclosed the loading of AZ onto GO. Interestingly, TEM images indicated the abundant loading of AZ by producing a unique inward rolling of GO-AZ sheets as compared to GO. When compared to the nontreatment, GO-AZ at 10 µg/mL significantly reduced biofilm formation to 96% almost equal to the amount of AZ (95%). It appears that the biofilm inhibition is due to the hyphal inhibition of C. albicans. The GO is an interesting nanocarrier for loading AZ and could be applied as a novel antibiofilm agent against various microorganisms including C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohankandhasamy Ramasamy
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (M.R.); (J.-H.L.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | | | - Jin-Hyung Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (M.R.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (M.R.); (J.-H.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-810-2533; Fax: +82-53-810-4631
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24
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Ponomaryov DV, Grigorʼeva LR, Nemtarev AV, Tsepaeva OV, Mironov VF, Gnezdilov OI, Antipin IS. 3,28-Diacetoxylup-20(29)-ene-30-oic Acid and Its ω-Bromoalkyl
Esters. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428020040107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Spivak AY, Khalitova RR, Nedopekina DA, Gubaidullin RR. Antimicrobial properties of amine- and guanidine-functionalized derivatives of betulinic, ursolic and oleanolic acids: Synthesis and structure/activity evaluation. Steroids 2020; 154:108530. [PMID: 31678136 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.108530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A series of 34 new amine- and guanidine-functionalized derivatives of betulinic, ursolic, and oleanolic acids were synthesized and tested for their antimicrobial activity against the growth of four bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)) and two fungal strains (Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans). The obtained compounds were also tested for the cytotoxic effect against HEK293 human embryonic kidney cell line and hemolytic activity against human red blood cells. Most of the prepared amino and guanidinium derivatives of betulinic, ursolic, and oleanolic acids showed a considerably higher bacteriostatic activity against methicillin-resistant S. aureus than the parent compounds. The most active compounds (MICs ≤ 0.25 μg/ml or 0.4-0.5 μM) were superior over the clinically used antibiotic vancomycin in the antibacterial effect (MIC of 1 μg/ml or 0.7 μM). Apart from antibacterial activity, new triterpene acid derivatives exhibited excellent antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans, with MICs values being as low as 0.25 μg/ml (0.4 μM), and were approximately 65 times as active as fluconazole, a known antifungal agent. Four most promising compounds we identified (7, 13, 24, and 33) showed not only high bacteriostatic effect, but also low cytotoxicity against mammalian HEK293 cells and high hemolytic selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Yu Spivak
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa 450075, Russian Federation.
| | - Rezeda R Khalitova
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa 450075, Russian Federation
| | - Darya A Nedopekina
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa 450075, Russian Federation
| | - Rinat R Gubaidullin
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa 450075, Russian Federation
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Antibacterial Activity Test of Extracts and Fractions of Cassava Leaves ( Manihot esculenta Crantz) against Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes Causing Acne. Int J Microbiol 2020; 2020:1975904. [PMID: 32089694 PMCID: PMC7008253 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1975904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is aimed at determining antibacterial activity from ethanol extracts and the most active fraction of cassava leaves against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes. Research carried out by the experimental method involved determination of plants, extraction with maceration method, fractionation with liquid-liquid extraction, antibacterial activity testing of extracts and fractions by agar diffusion method, determination of most active fraction from the extract, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) testing of most active fraction by microdilution method. The results showed that ethanol extracts of cassava leaves had antibacterial activity against both bacteria with the most active fraction indicated by ethyl acetate. MIC values of ethyl acetate fraction against S. epidermidis were in the concentration range of 2.5%-5.0% (w/v) and against P. acnes were in the concentration range of 1.25%-2.5% (w/v). The MBC value of ethyl acetate fraction against S. epidermidis was at a concentration of 5% (w/v), while P. acnes was at a concentration of 2.5% (w/v). From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz) has antibacterial activity against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis as well as on Propionibacterium acnes. The fraction with the best activity from the ethanol extract of cassava leaves to the two test bacteria was shown by ethyl acetate fraction. It is suggested that cassava leaves are possible to be developed into standardized antiacne herbal.
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Krummenauer ME, Lopes W, Garcia AWA, Schrank A, Gnoatto SCB, Kawano DF, Vainstein MH. A Highly Active Triterpene Derivative Capable |of Biofilm Damage to Control Cryptococcus spp. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E831. [PMID: 31817559 PMCID: PMC6995603 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast responsible for more than 180,000 deaths per year. The standard therapeutic approach against cryptococcosis is a combination of amphotericin B with flucytosine. In countries where cryptococcosis is most prevalent, 5-fluorocytosine is rarely available, and amphotericin B requires intravenous administration. C. neoformans biofilm formation is related to increased drug resistance, which is an important outcome for hospitalized patients. Here, we describe new molecules with anti-cryptococcal activity. A collection of 66 semisynthetic derivatives of ursolic acid and betulinic acid was tested against mature biofilms of C. neoformans at 25 µM. Out of these, eight derivatives including terpenes, benzazoles, flavonoids, and quinolines were able to cause damage and eradicate mature biofilms. Four terpene compounds demonstrated significative growth inhibition of C. neoformans. Our study identified a pentacyclic triterpenoid derived from betulinic acid (LAFIS13) as a potential drug for anti-cryptococcal treatment. This compound appears to be highly active with low toxicity at minimal inhibitory concentration and capable of biofilm eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. Krummenauer
- Centro de Biotecnologia, PPGBCM, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91501-970, Brazil; (M.E.K.); (W.L.); (A.W.A.G.); (A.S.)
| | - William Lopes
- Centro de Biotecnologia, PPGBCM, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91501-970, Brazil; (M.E.K.); (W.L.); (A.W.A.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Ane W. A. Garcia
- Centro de Biotecnologia, PPGBCM, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91501-970, Brazil; (M.E.K.); (W.L.); (A.W.A.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Augusto Schrank
- Centro de Biotecnologia, PPGBCM, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91501-970, Brazil; (M.E.K.); (W.L.); (A.W.A.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Simone C. B. Gnoatto
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil;
| | - Daniel F. Kawano
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-871, Brazil;
| | - Marilene H. Vainstein
- Centro de Biotecnologia, PPGBCM, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91501-970, Brazil; (M.E.K.); (W.L.); (A.W.A.G.); (A.S.)
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