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Barron SL, Oldroyd SV, Saez J, Chernaik A, Guo W, McCaughan F, Bulmer D, Owens RM. A Conformable Organic Electronic Device for Monitoring Epithelial Integrity at the Air Liquid Interface. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2306679. [PMID: 38061027 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Air liquid interfaced (ALI) epithelial barriers are essential for homeostatic functions such as nutrient transport and immunological protection. Dysfunction of such barriers are implicated in a variety of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders and, as such, sensors capable of monitoring barrier health are integral for disease modelling, diagnostics and drug screening applications. To date, gold-standard electrical methods for detecting barrier resistance require rigid electrodes bathed in an electrolyte, which limits compatibility with biological architectures and is non-physiological for ALI. This work presents a flexible all-planar electronic device capable of monitoring barrier formation and perturbations in human respiratory and intestinal cells at ALI. By interrogating patient samples with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and simple equivalent circuit models, disease-specific and patient-specific signatures are uncovered. Device readouts are validated against commercially available chopstick electrodes and show greater conformability, sensitivity and biocompatibility. The effect of electrode size on sensing efficiency is investigated and a cut-off sensing area is established, which is one order of magnitude smaller than previously reported. This work provides the first steps in creating a physiologically relevant sensor capable of mapping local and real-time changes of epithelial barrier function at ALI, which will have broad applications in toxicology and drug screening applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Barron
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Sophie V Oldroyd
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Janire Saez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
- Microfluidics Cluster, BIOMICs Microfluidics Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, CP 01006, Spain
- Basque Foundation for Science, IKERBASQUE, Bilbao, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01009, Spain
| | - Alice Chernaik
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Wenrui Guo
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Frank McCaughan
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - David Bulmer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Róisín M Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
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Yao Y, Huang W, Chen J, Liu X, Bai L, Chen W, Cheng Y, Ping J, Marks TJ, Facchetti A. Flexible and Stretchable Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Physiological Sensing Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209906. [PMID: 36808773 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and stretchable bioelectronics provides a biocompatible interface between electronics and biological systems and has received tremendous attention for in situ monitoring of various biological systems. Considerable progress in organic electronics has made organic semiconductors, as well as other organic electronic materials, ideal candidates for developing wearable, implantable, and biocompatible electronic circuits due to their potential mechanical compliance and biocompatibility. Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), as an emerging class of organic electronic building blocks, exhibit significant advantages in biological sensing due to the ionic nature at the basis of the switching behavior, low driving voltage (<1 V), and high transconductance (in millisiemens range). During the past few years, significant progress in constructing flexible/stretchable OECTs (FSOECTs) for both biochemical and bioelectrical sensors has been reported. In this regard, to summarize major research accomplishments in this emerging field, this review first discusses structure and critical features of FSOECTs, including working principles, materials, and architectural engineering. Next, a wide spectrum of relevant physiological sensing applications, where FSOECTs are the key components, are summarized. Last, major challenges and opportunities for further advancing FSOECT physiological sensors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
- Innovation Platform of Micro/Nano Technology for Biosensing, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311200, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Xiaoxue Liu
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
- Innovation Platform of Micro/Nano Technology for Biosensing, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311200, P. R. China
| | - Libing Bai
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yuhua Cheng
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Ping
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
- Innovation Platform of Micro/Nano Technology for Biosensing, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311200, P. R. China
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, 60174, Sweden
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Sciurti E, Blasi L, Prontera CT, Barca A, Giampetruzzi L, Verri T, Siciliano PA, Francioso L. TEER and Ion Selective Transwell-Integrated Sensors System for Caco-2 Cell Model. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:496. [PMID: 36984903 PMCID: PMC10054836 DOI: 10.3390/mi14030496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring of ions in real-time directly in cell culture systems and in organ-on-a-chip platforms represents a significant investigation tool to understand ion regulation and distribution in the body and ions' involvement in biological mechanisms and specific pathologies. Innovative flexible sensors coupling electrochemical stripping analysis (square wave anodic stripping voltammetry, SWASV) with an ion selective membrane (ISM) were developed and integrated in Transwell™ cell culture systems to investigate the transport of zinc and copper ions across a human intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayer. The fabricated ion-selective sensors demonstrated good sensitivity (1 × 10-11 M ion concentration) and low detection limits, consistent with pathophysiological cellular concentration ranges. A non-invasive electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis, in situ, across a selected spectrum of frequencies (10-105 Hz), and an equivalent circuit fitting were employed to obtain useful electrical parameters for cellular barrier integrity monitoring. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) data and immunofluorescent images were used to validate the intestinal epithelial integrity and the permeability enhancer effect of ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) treatment. The proposed devices represent a real prospective tool for monitoring cellular and molecular events and for studies on gut metabolism/permeability. They will enable a rapid integration of these sensors into gut-on-chip systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Sciurti
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Laura Blasi
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Carmela Tania Prontera
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Amilcare Barca
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Lucia Giampetruzzi
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Tiziano Verri
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Pietro Aleardo Siciliano
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Luca Francioso
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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Pitsalidis C, van Niekerk D, Moysidou CM, Boys AJ, Withers A, Vallet R, Owens RM. Organic electronic transmembrane device for hosting and monitoring 3D cell cultures. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo4761. [PMID: 36112689 PMCID: PMC9481123 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo4761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
3D cell models have made strides in the past decades in response to failures of 2D cultures to translate targets during the drug discovery process. Here, we report on a novel multiwell plate bioelectronic platform, namely, the e-transmembrane, capable of supporting and monitoring complex 3D cell architectures. Scaffolds made of PEDOT:PSS [poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate] are microengineered to function as separating membranes for compartmentalized cell cultures, as well as electronic components for real-time in situ recordings of cell growth and function. Owing to the high surface area-to-volume ratio, the e-transmembrane allows generation of deep, stratified tissues within the porous bulk and cell polarization at the apico-basal domains. Impedance spectroscopy measurements carried out throughout the tissue growth identified signatures from different cellular systems and allowed extraction of critical functional parameters. This platform has the potential to become a universal tool for biologists for the next generation of high-throughput drug screening assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Pitsalidis
- Department of Physics and Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center (HEIC), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Douglas van Niekerk
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Chrysanthi-Maria Moysidou
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Alexander J. Boys
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Aimee Withers
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | | | - Róisín M. Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
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Giampetruzzi L, Blasi L, Barca A, Sciurti E, Verri T, Casino F, Siciliano P, Francioso L. Advances in Trans-Epithelial Electrical Resistance (TEER) monitoring integration in an Intestinal Barrier-on-Chip (IBoC) platform with microbubbles-tolerant analytical method. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2022.100512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Pitsalidis C, Pappa AM, Boys AJ, Fu Y, Moysidou CM, van Niekerk D, Saez J, Savva A, Iandolo D, Owens RM. Organic Bioelectronics for In Vitro Systems. Chem Rev 2021; 122:4700-4790. [PMID: 34910876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectronics have made strides in improving clinical diagnostics and precision medicine. The potential of bioelectronics for bidirectional interfacing with biology through continuous, label-free monitoring on one side and precise control of biological activity on the other has extended their application scope to in vitro systems. The advent of microfluidics and the considerable advances in reliability and complexity of in vitro models promise to eventually significantly reduce or replace animal studies, currently the gold standard in drug discovery and toxicology testing. Bioelectronics are anticipated to play a major role in this transition offering a much needed technology to push forward the drug discovery paradigm. Organic electronic materials, notably conjugated polymers, having demonstrated technological maturity in fields such as solar cells and light emitting diodes given their outstanding characteristics and versatility in processing, are the obvious route forward for bioelectronics due to their biomimetic nature, among other merits. This review highlights the advances in conjugated polymers for interfacing with biological tissue in vitro, aiming ultimately to develop next generation in vitro systems. We showcase in vitro interfacing across multiple length scales, involving biological models of varying complexity, from cell components to complex 3D cell cultures. The state of the art, the possibilities, and the challenges of conjugated polymers toward clinical translation of in vitro systems are also discussed throughout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Pitsalidis
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Anna-Maria Pappa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE
| | - Alexander J Boys
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.,Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K
| | - Chrysanthi-Maria Moysidou
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Douglas van Niekerk
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Janire Saez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.,Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, BIOMICs Microfluidics Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Miguel de Unamuno, 3, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Achilleas Savva
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Donata Iandolo
- INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, Université Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Étienne, Université de Lyon, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Róisín M Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
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Mannweiler R, Bergmann S, Vidal‐y‐Sy S, Brandner JM, Günzel D. Direct assessment of individual skin barrier components by electrical impedance spectroscopy. Allergy 2021; 76:3094-3106. [PMID: 33844311 DOI: 10.1111/all.14851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of the tight junction proteins Cldn1 and 4 is altered in skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis, and Cldn1 deficiency affects skin barrier formation. Impedance spectroscopy (IS) has been proven to allow detection of alterations in the skin barrier but is currently unable to separate effects on viable epidermis (VE) and stratum corneum (SC). METHODS Effects of siRNA-mediated Cldn1 and 4 knockdown in reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) on VE and SC barrier function were investigated with Ussing chamber-based IS. Barrier components were sequentially altered, employing iron oxide nanoparticles and EGTA, to identify their contribution to the impedance spectrum. Resistance changes due to apically applied hyperosmolar electrolyte were used to identify barrier defects non-invasively. RESULTS IS of RHE yielded two relaxation frequencies, representing the barrier properties of the SC (~1000 Hz) and VE (~100 Hz). As proof of concept, it was shown that the Cldn1 knockdown-induced resistance drop arises from the impairment of both SC and VE, indicated by a shift of both relaxation frequencies. Hyperosmolar electrolyte penetration allowed non-invasive detection of Cldn1 knockdown via time-dependent frequency shifts. The absence of Cldn4 knockdown-induced changes revealed the weaknesses of transepithelial electrical resistance analysis. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the present technique allows to separately measure the barrier properties of SC and VE and further evaluate the Cldn1 and 4 knockdown impact on the skin barrier. As the measurement with agarose-embedded electrolyte allowed non-invasive identification of the Cldn1 knockdown, this opens the way to detailed in vivo skin barrier assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Mannweiler
- Institute of Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine Medical Department Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology, Rheumatology Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Sophia Bergmann
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology University Hospital Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Sabine Vidal‐y‐Sy
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology University Hospital Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Johanna M. Brandner
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology University Hospital Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Dorothee Günzel
- Institute of Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine Medical Department Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology, Rheumatology Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
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Lieberth K, Romele P, Torricelli F, Koutsouras DA, Brückner M, Mailänder V, Gkoupidenis P, Blom PWM. Current-Driven Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Monitoring Cell Layer Integrity with Enhanced Sensitivity. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100845. [PMID: 34309226 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In this progress report an overview is given on the use of the organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) as a biosensor for impedance sensing of cell layers. The transient OECT current can be used to detect changes in the impedance of the cell layer, as shown by Jimison et al. To circumvent the application of a high gate bias and preventing electrolysis of the electrolyte, in case of small impedance variations, an alternative measuring technique based on an OECT in a current-driven configuration is developed. The ion-sensitivity is larger than 1200 mV V-1 dec-1 at low operating voltage. It can be even further enhanced using an OECT based complementary amplifier, which consists of a p-type and an n-type OECT connected in series, as known from digital electronics. The monitoring of cell layer integrity and irreversible disruption of barrier function with the current-driven OECT is demonstrated for an epithelial Caco-2 cell layer, showing the enhanced ion-sensitivity as compared to the standard OECT configuration. As a state-of-the-art application of the current-driven OECT, the in situ monitoring of reversible tight junction modulation under the effect of drug additives, like poly-l-lysine, is discussed. This shows its potential for in vitro and even in vivo toxicological and drug delivery studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Lieberth
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 Mainz 55128 Germany
| | - Paolo Romele
- Department of Information Engineering University of Brescia Via Branze 38 Brescia 25123 Italy
| | - Fabrizio Torricelli
- Department of Information Engineering University of Brescia Via Branze 38 Brescia 25123 Italy
| | | | - Maximilian Brückner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 Mainz 55128 Germany
- Dermatology Clinic University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Langenbeckstr. 1 Mainz 55131 Germany
| | - Volker Mailänder
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 Mainz 55128 Germany
- Dermatology Clinic University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Langenbeckstr. 1 Mainz 55131 Germany
| | | | - Paul W. M. Blom
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 Mainz 55128 Germany
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Yimnual C, Satitsri S, Ningsih BNS, Rukachaisirikul V, Muanprasat C. A fungus-derived purpactin A as an inhibitor of TMEM16A chloride channels and mucin secretion in airway epithelial cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111583. [PMID: 33901875 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TMEM16A is a Ca2+-activated Cl- channel involved in mucus secretion in inflamed airways and proposed as a drug target for diseases associated with mucus hypersecretion including asthma. This study aimed to identify novel inhibitors of TMEM16A-mediated Cl- secretion in airway epithelial cells from a collection of compounds isolated from fungi indigenous in Thailand and examine its potential utility in mitigating airway mucus secretion using Calu-3 cells as a study model. Screening of > 400 fungal metabolites revealed purpactin A isolated from a soil-derived fungus Penicillium aculeatum PSU-RSPG105 as an inhibitor of TMEM16A-mediated Cl- transport with an IC50 value of ~2 µM. A consistent inhibitory effect of purpactin A on TMEM16A were observed regardless of TMEM16A activators or in the presence of an inhibitor of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), a negative regulator of TMEM16A. In addition, purpactin A did not affect cell viability, epithelial barrier integrity and activities of membrane transport proteins essential for maintaining airway hydration including CFTR Cl- channels and apical BK K+ channels. Intriguingly, purpactin A prevented a Ca2+-induced mucin release in cytokine-treated airway cells. Taken together, purpactin A represents the first class of TMEM16A inhibitor derived from fungus, which may be beneficial for the treatment of diseases associated with mucus hypersecretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantapol Yimnual
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rajathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bang Phli, Samut Prakarn 10540, Thailand
| | - Saravut Satitsri
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bang Phli, Samut Prakarn 10540, Thailand
| | - Baiq Nila Sari Ningsih
- Division of Physical Science and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Vatcharin Rukachaisirikul
- Division of Physical Science and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Muanprasat
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bang Phli, Samut Prakarn 10540, Thailand.
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Spanu A, Martines L, Bonfiglio A. Interfacing cells with organic transistors: a review of in vitro and in vivo applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:795-820. [PMID: 33565540 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01007c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, organic bioelectronics has attracted considerable interest in the scientific community. The impressive growth that it has undergone in the last 10 years has allowed the rise of the completely new field of cellular organic bioelectronics, which has now the chance to compete with consolidated approaches based on devices such as micro-electrode arrays and ISFET-based transducers both in in vitro and in vivo experimental practice. This review focuses on cellular interfaces based on organic active devices and has the intent of highlighting the recent advances and the most innovative approaches to the ongoing and everlasting challenge of interfacing living matter to the "external world" in order to unveil the hidden mechanisms governing its behavior. Device-wise, three different organic structures will be considered in this work, namely the organic electrochemical transistor (OECT), the solution-gated organic transistor (SGOFET - which is presented here in two possible different versions according to the employed active material, namely: the electrolyte-gated organic transistor - EGOFET, and the solution gated graphene transistor - gSGFET), and the organic charge modulated field effect transistor (OCMFET). Application-wise, this work will mainly focus on cellular-based biosensors employed in in vitro and in vivo cellular interfaces, with the aim of offering the reader a comprehensive retrospective of the recent past, an overview of the latest innovations, and a glance at the future prospects of this challenging, yet exciting and still mostly unexplored scientific field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Spanu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Via Marengo, 09123 Cagliari, CA, Italy.
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Postal BG, Aguanno D, Thenet S, Carrière V. Rapid Evaluation of Intestinal Paracellular Permeability Using the Human Enterocytic-Like Caco-2/TC7 Cell Line. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2367:13-26. [PMID: 33730353 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2021_366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Paracellular permeability of the intestinal epithelium is a feature of the intestinal barrier, which plays an important role in the physiology of gut and the whole organism. Intestinal paracellular permeability is controlled by complex processes and is involved in the passage of ions and fluids (called pore pathway) and macromolecules (called leak pathway) through tight junctions, which seal the intercellular space. Impairment of intestinal paracellular permeability is associated with several diseases. The identification of a defect in intestinal paracellular permeability may help to understand the implication of gut barrier as a cause or a consequence in human pathology. Here we describe two complementary methods to evaluate alteration of paracellular permeability in cell culture, using the human intestinal cell line Caco-2 and its clone Caco-2/TC7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Graziela Postal
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM UMR1149, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Biology and Genetics of Bacterial Cell Wall Unit, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - Doriane Aguanno
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, INSERM UMRS 938, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Thenet
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, INSERM UMRS 938, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France
- EPHE, PSL University, Paris, France
- Center for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) FHU, AP-HP, Paris, Ile-de-France, France
| | - Véronique Carrière
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, INSERM UMRS 938, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France.
- Center for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) FHU, AP-HP, Paris, Ile-de-France, France.
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12
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Koutsouras DA, Lingstedt LV, Lieberth K, Reinholz J, Mailänder V, Blom PWM, Gkoupidenis P. Probing the Impedance of a Biological Tissue with PEDOT:PSS-Coated Metal Electrodes: Effect of Electrode Size on Sensing Efficiency. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1901215. [PMID: 31701673 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Electrodes coated with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) have been employed to measure the integrity of cellular barriers. However, a systematic experimental study of the correlation between tissue integrity and impedance of the sensing device has not yet been conducted. Using impedance spectroscopy, how the impedance ratio of the biological tissue to the recording device affects the recording ability of the latter is investigated. PEDOT:PSS-coated electrodes of various dimensions are employed and the effect of their size to their sensing efficiency is examined. The biotic/abiotic ensemble is modeled with a simple equivalent circuit and an analytical expression of the total impedance as a function of frequency is extracted. The results reveal a critical impedance ratio of the biological tissue to the sensor which allows for efficient sensing of the tissue integrity. This work provides the ground rules for improved impedance-based biosensors with optimized sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leona V. Lingstedt
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Katharina Lieberth
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Jonas Reinholz
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Volker Mailänder
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Paul W. M. Blom
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
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13
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Fleszar AJ, Walker A, Kreeger PK, Notbohm J. Substrate curvature induces fallopian tube epithelial cell invasion via cell-cell tension in a model of ovarian cortical inclusion cysts. Integr Biol (Camb) 2019; 11:342-352. [PMID: 31724713 PMCID: PMC6887516 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyz028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Throughout the body, epithelial tissues contain curved features (e.g. cysts, ducts and crypts) that influence cell behaviors. These structures have varied curvature, with flat structures having zero curvature and structures such as crypts having large curvature. In the ovary, cortical inclusion cysts (CICs) of varying curvatures are found, and fallopian tube epithelial (FTE) cells have been found trapped within these cysts. FTE are the precursor for ovarian cancer, and the CIC niche has been proposed to play a role in ovarian cancer progression. We hypothesized that variations in ovarian CIC curvature that occur during cyst resolution impact the ability of trapped FTE cells to invade into the surrounding stroma. Using a lumen model in collagen gels, we determined that increased curvature resulted in more invasions of mouse FTE cells. To isolate curvature as a system parameter, we developed a novel technique to pattern concave curvatures into collagen gels. When FTE cells were seeded to confluency on curved substrates, increases in curvature increased the number of invading FTE cells and the invasion distance. FTE invasion into collagen substrates with higher curvature depended on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), but expression of collagen I degrading Mmps was not different on curved and flat regions. A finite-element model predicted that contractility and cell-cell connections were essential for increased invasion on substrates with higher curvature, while cell-substrate interactions had minimal effect. Experiments supported these predictions, with invasion decreased by blebbistatin, ethylene glycol-bis(β-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) or N-cadherin-blocking antibody, but with no effect from a focal adhesion kinase inhibitor. Finally, experimental evidence supports that cell invasion on curved substrates occurs in two phases-a cell-cell-dependent initiation phase where individual cells break away from the monolayer and an MMP-dependent phase as cells migrate further into the collagen matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Fleszar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Alyssa Walker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Pamela K. Kreeger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Jacob Notbohm
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
- Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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14
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Lingstedt LV, Ghittorelli M, Brückner M, Reinholz J, Crăciun NI, Torricelli F, Mailänder V, Gkoupidenis P, Blom PWM. Monitoring of Cell Layer Integrity with a Current-Driven Organic Electrochemical Transistor. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900128. [PMID: 31318183 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The integrity of CaCo-2 cell barriers is investigated by organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) in a current-driven configuration. Ion transport through cellular barriers via the paracellular pathway is modulated by tight junctions between adjacent cells. Rupturing its integrity by H2 O2 is monitored by the change of the output voltage in the transfer characteristics. It is demonstrated that by operating the OECT in a current-driven configuration, the sensitive and temporal resolution for monitoring the cell barrier integrity is strongly enhanced as compared to the OECT transient response measurement. As a result, current-driven OECTs are useful tools to assess dynamic and critical changes in tight junctions, relevant for clinical applications as drug targeting and screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leona V. Lingstedt
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Matteo Ghittorelli
- Department of Information EngineeringUniversity of Brescia Via Branze 38 25123 Brescia Italy
| | - Maximilian Brückner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Dermatology ClinicUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg‐University, Mainz Langenbeckstr. 1 55131 Mainz Germany
| | - Jonas Reinholz
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Dermatology ClinicUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg‐University, Mainz Langenbeckstr. 1 55131 Mainz Germany
| | - N. Irina Crăciun
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Fabrizio Torricelli
- Department of Information EngineeringUniversity of Brescia Via Branze 38 25123 Brescia Italy
| | - Volker Mailänder
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Dermatology ClinicUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg‐University, Mainz Langenbeckstr. 1 55131 Mainz Germany
| | | | - Paul W. M. Blom
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
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15
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Pitsalidis C, Ferro MP, Iandolo D, Tzounis L, Inal S, Owens RM. Transistor in a tube: A route to three-dimensional bioelectronics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaat4253. [PMID: 30397642 PMCID: PMC6203411 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat4253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Advances in three-dimensional (3D) cell culture materials and techniques, which more accurately mimic in vivo systems to study biological phenomena, have fostered the development of organ and tissue models. While sophisticated 3D tissues can be generated, technology that can accurately assess the functionality of these complex models in a high-throughput and dynamic manner is not well adapted. Here, we present an organic bioelectronic device based on a conducting polymer scaffold integrated into an electrochemical transistor configuration. This platform supports the dual purpose of enabling 3D cell culture growth and real-time monitoring of the adhesion and growth of cells. We have adapted our system to a 3D tubular geometry facilitating free flow of nutrients, given its relevance in a variety of biological tissues (e.g., vascular, gastrointestinal, and kidney) and processes (e.g., blood flow). This biomimetic transistor in a tube does not require photolithography methods for preparation, allowing facile adaptation to the purpose. We demonstrate that epithelial and fibroblast cells grow readily and form tissue-like architectures within the conducting polymer scaffold that constitutes the channel of the transistor. The process of tissue formation inside the conducting polymer channel gradually modulates the transistor characteristics. Correlating the real-time changes in the steady-state characteristics of the transistor with the growth of the cultured tissue, we extract valuable insights regarding the transients of tissue formation. Our biomimetic platform enabling label-free, dynamic, and in situ measurements illustrates the potential for real-time monitoring of 3D cell culture and compatibility for use in long-term organ-on-chip platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Pitsalidis
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - M. P. Ferro
- Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, Gardanne 13541, France
| | - D. Iandolo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - L. Tzounis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - S. Inal
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - R. M. Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
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16
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Assi M, Dauguet N, Jacquemin P. DIE-RNA: A Reproducible Strategy for the Digestion of Normal and Injured Pancreas, Isolation of Pancreatic Cells from Genetically Engineered Mouse Models and Extraction of High Quality RNA. Front Physiol 2018. [PMID: 29535635 PMCID: PMC5835134 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The isolation of ribonucleic acid (RNA) suitable for gene expression studies is challenging in the pancreas, due to its high ribonuclease activity. This is even more complicated during pancreatitis, a condition associated with inflammation and fibrosis. Our aim was to implement a time-effective and reproducible protocol to isolate high quality RNA from specific pancreatic cell subtypes, in normal and inflammatory conditions. We used two genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM), Ela-CreER/YFP and Sox9-CreER/YFP, to isolate acinar and ductal cells, respectively. To induce pancreatitis, mice received a caerulein treatment (125 μg/kg) for 8 and 72 h. We alternatively used EGTA and calcium buffers that contain collagenase P (0.6 mg/mL) to rapidly digest the pancreas into individual cells. Most of the cells from normal and injured pancreas were single-dissociated, exhibited a round morphology and did not incorporate trypan blue dye. Cell suspensions from Ela- and Sox9-CreER/YFP pancreas were then sorted by flow cytometry to isolate the YFP-positive acinar and ductal cells, respectively. Sorted cells kept a round shape and emitted fluorescence detected by the 38 HE green fluorescence filter. RNA was isolated by column-based purification approach. The RNA integrity number (RIN) was high in sorted acinar cell fractions treated with or without caerulein (8.6 ± 0.17 and 8.4 ± 0.09, respectively), compared to the whole pancreas fraction (4.8 ± 1.1). Given the low number of sorted ductal cells, the RIN value was slightly lower compared to acini (7.4 ± 0.4). Quantitative-PCR experiments indicated that sorted acinar and ductal cells express the specific acinar and ductal markers, respectively. Additionally, RNA preparations from caerulein-treated acinar cells were free from significant contamination with immune cell RNA. We thus validated the DIE (Digestion, Isolation, and Extraction)-RNA tool as a reproducible and efficient protocol to isolate pure acinar and ductal cells in vivo and to extract high quality RNA from these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Assi
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Dauguet
- de Duve Institute, Flow Cytometry and Cell Sorting Facility (CYTF), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Jacquemin
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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17
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18
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Drug-induced cellular death dynamics monitored by a highly sensitive organic electrochemical system. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 68:791-797. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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19
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Löffler S, Libberton B, Richter-Dahlfors A. Organic bioelectronics in infection. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:4979-4992. [PMID: 32262450 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00382b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Organic bioelectronics is a rapidly growing field of both academic and industrial interest. Specific attributes make this class of materials particularly interesting for biomedical and medical applications, and a whole new class of biologically compatible devices is being created owing to structural and functional similarities to biological systems. In parallel, modern advances in biomedical research call for dynamically controllable systems. In infection biology, a progressing bacterial infection can be studied dynamically, at much higher resolution and on a smaller spatial scale than ever before, and it is now understood that minute changes in the tissue microenvironment play pivotal roles in the outcome of infections. This review merges the fields of infection biology and organic bioelectronics, describing the ability of conducting polymer devices to sense, modify, and interact with the infected tissue microenvironment. Though the primary focus is from the perspective of bacterial infections, general examples from cell biology and regenerative medicine are included where relevant. Spatially and temporally controlled biomimetic in vitro systems will greatly aid our molecular understanding of the infection process, thereby providing exciting opportunities for organic bioelectronics in future diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Löffler
- Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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20
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Strakosas X, Bongo M, Owens RM. The organic electrochemical transistor for biological applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xenofon Strakosas
- Department of Bioelectronics; Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines CMP-EMSE, MOC, 880 avenue de Mimet; 13541 Gardanne France
| | - Manuelle Bongo
- Department of Bioelectronics; Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines CMP-EMSE, MOC, 880 avenue de Mimet; 13541 Gardanne France
| | - Róisín M. Owens
- Department of Bioelectronics; Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines CMP-EMSE, MOC, 880 avenue de Mimet; 13541 Gardanne France
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21
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Löffler S, Richter-Dahlfors A. Phase angle spectroscopy on transparent conducting polymer electrodes for real-time measurement of epithelial barrier integrity. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:4997-5000. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00381d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A PEDOT:PSS based sensor for continuous electronic monitoring of epithelial barrier formation and disruption compatible with microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Löffler
- Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center
- Department of Neuroscience
- Karolinska Institutet
- Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A. Richter-Dahlfors
- Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center
- Department of Neuroscience
- Karolinska Institutet
- Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Ramuz M, Hama A, Rivnay J, Leleux P, Owens RM. Monitoring of cell layer coverage and differentiation with the organic electrochemical transistor. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:5971-5977. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00922g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
High resolution monitoring of cell layer integrity with the OECT was up until now, limited to high resistance, barrier tissue type cells. In this work, the sensitivity and versatility of the device is expanded to monitor all adherent cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ramuz
- Department of Bioelectronics
- Ecole des Mines de St. Etienne
- CMP-EMSE
- MOC
- France
| | - A. Hama
- Department of Bioelectronics
- Ecole des Mines de St. Etienne
- CMP-EMSE
- MOC
- France
| | - J. Rivnay
- Department of Bioelectronics
- Ecole des Mines de St. Etienne
- CMP-EMSE
- MOC
- France
| | - P. Leleux
- Department of Bioelectronics
- Ecole des Mines de St. Etienne
- CMP-EMSE
- MOC
- France
| | - R. M. Owens
- Department of Bioelectronics
- Ecole des Mines de St. Etienne
- CMP-EMSE
- MOC
- France
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23
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Ramuz M, Hama A, Huerta M, Rivnay J, Leleux P, Owens RM. Combined optical and electronic sensing of epithelial cells using planar organic transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:7083-90. [PMID: 25179835 PMCID: PMC4489338 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201401706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A planar, conducting-polymer-based transistor for combined optical and electronic monitoring of live cells provides a unique platform for monitoring the health of cells in vitro. Monitoring of MDCK-I epithelial cells over several days is shown, along with a demonstration of the device for toxicology studies, of use in future drug discovery or diagnostics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Ramuz
- Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines CMP-EMSE, MOC880 avenue de Mimet, 13541, Gardanne, France E-mail:
| | - Adel Hama
- Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines CMP-EMSE, MOC880 avenue de Mimet, 13541, Gardanne, France E-mail:
| | - Miriam Huerta
- Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines CMP-EMSE, MOC880 avenue de Mimet, 13541, Gardanne, France E-mail:
| | - Jonathan Rivnay
- Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines CMP-EMSE, MOC880 avenue de Mimet, 13541, Gardanne, France E-mail:
| | - Pierre Leleux
- Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines CMP-EMSE, MOC880 avenue de Mimet, 13541, Gardanne, France E-mail:
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes13005, Marseille, France
- Inserm, UMR_S 110613005, Marseille, France
- Microvitae Technologies, Pôle d’Activité Y. Morandat13120, Gardanne, France
| | - Róisín M Owens
- Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines CMP-EMSE, MOC880 avenue de Mimet, 13541, Gardanne, France E-mail:
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24
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Tria SA, Ramuz M, Huerta M, Leleux P, Rivnay J, Jimison LH, Hama A, Malliaras GG, Owens RM. Dynamic monitoring of Salmonella typhimurium infection of polarized epithelia using organic transistors. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:1053-60. [PMID: 24497469 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ion flow across polarized epithelia is a tightly regulated process. Measurement of the transepithelial resistance is a highly relevant parameter for assessing the function or health of the tissue. Dynamic, electrical measurements of transepithelial ion flow are preferred as they provide the most accurate snapshot of effects of external stimuli. Enteric pathogens such as Salmonella typhimurium are known to disrupt ion flow in gastrointestinal epithelia. Here, for the first time, the use of organic transistors as a powerful potential alternative for front-line, disposable, high-throughput diagnostics of enteric pathogens is demonstrated. The transistors' ability to detect early and subtle changes in transepithelial ion flow is capitalized upon to develop a highly sensitive detector of epithelial integrity. Stable operation of the organic devices under physiological conditions is shown, followed by dynamic, pathogen-specific diagnosis of infection of epithelia. Further, operation of the device is possible in complex matrices, showing particular promise for food and safety applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scherrine A. Tria
- Department of Bioelectronics Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP‐EMSE MOC 13541 Gardanne France
| | - Marc Ramuz
- Department of Bioelectronics Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP‐EMSE MOC 13541 Gardanne France
| | - Miriam Huerta
- Department of Bioelectronics Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP‐EMSE MOC 13541 Gardanne France
| | - Pierre Leleux
- Department of Bioelectronics Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP‐EMSE MOC 13541 Gardanne France
- Aix‐Marseille Université, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes 13005 Marseille France
- Inserm, UMR_S 1106 13005 Marseille France
- Microvitae Technologies, Pôle d'Activité Y. Morandat 13120 Gardanne France
| | - Jonathan Rivnay
- Department of Bioelectronics Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP‐EMSE MOC 13541 Gardanne France
| | - Leslie H. Jimison
- Department of Bioelectronics Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP‐EMSE MOC 13541 Gardanne France
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryResearch and Exploratory Development Division 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd. Laurel MD 20723 USA
| | - Adel Hama
- Department of Bioelectronics Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP‐EMSE MOC 13541 Gardanne France
| | - George G. Malliaras
- Department of Bioelectronics Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP‐EMSE MOC 13541 Gardanne France
| | - Róisín M. Owens
- Department of Bioelectronics Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP‐EMSE MOC 13541 Gardanne France
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25
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Tria SA, Ramuz M, Jimison LH, Hama A, Owens RM. Sensing of barrier tissue disruption with an organic electrochemical transistor. J Vis Exp 2014:e51102. [PMID: 24561449 DOI: 10.3791/51102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is an example of barrier tissue that provides a physical barrier against entry of pathogens and toxins, while allowing the passage of necessary ions and molecules. A breach in this barrier can be caused by a reduction in the extracellular calcium concentration. This reduction in calcium concentration causes a conformational change in proteins involved in the sealing of the barrier, leading to an increase of the paracellular flux. To mimic this effect the calcium chelator ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetra acetic acid (EGTA) was used on a monolayer of cells known to be representative of the gastrointestinal tract. Different methods to detect the disruption of the barrier tissue already exist, such as immunofluorescence and permeability assays. However, these methods are time-consuming and costly and not suited to dynamic or high-throughput measurements. Electronic methods for measuring barrier tissue integrity also exist for measurement of the transepithelial resistance (TER), however these are often costly and complex. The development of rapid, cheap, and sensitive methods is urgently needed as the integrity of barrier tissue is a key parameter in drug discovery and pathogen/toxin diagnostics. The organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) integrated with barrier tissue forming cells has been shown as a new device capable of dynamically monitoring barrier tissue integrity. The device is able to measure minute variations in ionic flux with unprecedented temporal resolution and sensitivity, in real time, as an indicator of barrier tissue integrity. This new method is based on a simple device that can be compatible with high throughput screening applications and fabricated at low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scherrine A Tria
- Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Superieure des Mines
| | - Marc Ramuz
- Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Superieure des Mines
| | - Leslie H Jimison
- Research and Exploratory Development Division, Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Adel Hama
- Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Superieure des Mines
| | - Roisin M Owens
- Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Superieure des Mines;
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26
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Yao C, Xie C, Lin P, Yan F, Huang P, Hsing IM. Organic electrochemical transistor array for recording transepithelial ion transport of human airway epithelial cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:6575-6580. [PMID: 23970441 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201302615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An organic electrochemical transistor array is integrated with human airway epithelial cells. This integration provides a novel method to couple transepithelial ion transport with electrical current. Activation and inhibition of transepithelial ion transport are readily detected with excellent time resolution. The organic electrochemical transistor array serves as a promising platform for physiological studies and drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Yao
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
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27
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Torsi L. Special issue on organic electronic bio-devices. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2013; 3:116-9. [PMID: 25587402 PMCID: PMC4263592 DOI: 10.3390/bios3010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present editorial is to briefly summarize the current scientific and technological accomplishments in the field of organic electronic biosensors as described in the articles published in this Special Issue. By definition, a biosensor is a robust analytical device that combines a biological recognition element (e.g., antibodies, enzymes, cells) with a transducer. Organic electronic bio-devices are considered as potentially reliable substitutes of conventional and rather expensive analytical techniques employed for several applications such as medical diagnosis, food safety and environment pollution monitoring. Some insights into the selection and immobilization of recognition elements, signal amplification, fabrication techniques and analytical performance of biosensing devices will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Torsi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari, "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +39-080-544-2092
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