1
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Mollarasouli F, Bahrani S, Amrollahimiyandeh Y, Paimard G. Nanomaterials-based immunosensors for avian influenza virus detection. Talanta 2024; 279:126591. [PMID: 39059066 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses (AIV) are capable of infecting a considerable proportion of the world's population each year, leading to severe epidemics with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The methods now used to diagnose influenza virus A include the Western blot test (WB), hemagglutination inhibition (HI), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). But because of their labor-intensiveness, lengthy procedures, need for costly equipment, and inexperienced staff, these approaches are considered inappropriate. The present review elucidates the recent advancements in the field of avian influenza detection through the utilization of nanomaterials-based immunosensors between 2014 and 2024. The classification of detection techniques has been taken into account to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature. The review encompasses a detailed illustration of the commonly employed detection mechanisms in immunosensors, namely, colorimetry, fluorescence assay, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), electrochemical detection, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) piezoelectric, and field-effect transistor (FET). Furthermore, the challenges and future prospects for the immunosensors have been deliberated upon. The present review aims to enhance the understanding of immunosensors-based sensing platforms for virus detection and to stimulate the development of novel immunosensors by providing novel ideas and inspirations. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to provide an updated information about biosensors, as a recent detection technique of influenza with its details regarding the various types of biosensors, which can be used for this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Bahrani
- Borjobaru Fars Company, Nanotechnology Department, Fars Science and Technology Park, Shiraz, 7197687811, Iran; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Yousef Amrollahimiyandeh
- Borjobaru Fars Company, Nanotechnology Department, Fars Science and Technology Park, Shiraz, 7197687811, Iran
| | - Giti Paimard
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biosensing and Bioimaging (NBAB), School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Optometry, and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
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2
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Park IK, Choi YS, Jo SY. Development of quantitative detection methods for four Alzheimer's disease specific biomarker panels using electrochemical immunosensors based on enzyme immunoassay. ANAL SCI 2024; 40:1809-1821. [PMID: 38884905 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-024-00614-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Accurate and timely diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is necessary to maximize the effectiveness of treatment and using biomarkers for diagnosis is attracting attention as a minimally invasive method with few side effects. Electrochemical immunosensor (EI) is a method that is in the spotlight in the medical and bioanalytical fields due to its portability and field usability. Here, we quantified four AD specific biomarkers using EIs based on enzyme immunoassay. We selected and developed quantitative methods for the biomarkers using screen-printed gold electrodes. For three biomarkers, quantification was performed using competition immunoassays in which antigen-antibody premix mixtures were applied to antigen-immobilized electrodes and the limit of detection (LOD) values were secured, 1.20 ng/ml, 1.30 ng/ml, and 1.74 ng/ml, respectively. For the other, a sandwich immunoassay using antibody pair was selected for quantification and LOD was also achieved as 0.077 ng/ml. All four biomarkers in buffer samples were successfully quantified and reliable R2 values were obtained, and reliable calibration curves were secured for three biomarkers in spiked human serum samples. The immunosensors developed and will be optimized are expected to be used in various fields, including detection of biomarkers for not only AD but also related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Kyu Park
- JHK Medical Science Inc., Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34013, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sun Choi
- JHK Medical Science Inc., Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34013, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yun Jo
- JHK Medical Science Inc., Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34013, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Malecka-Baturo K, Grabowska I. Efficiency of electrochemical immuno- vs. apta(geno)sensors for multiple cancer biomarkers detection. Talanta 2024; 281:126870. [PMID: 39298804 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
The interest in biosensors technology has been constantly growing over the last few years. It is still the biggest challenge to design biosensors able to detect two or more analytes in a single measurement. Electrochemical methods are frequently used for this purpose, mainly due to the possibility of applying two or more different redox labels characterized by independent and distinguished electrochemical signals. In addition to antibodies, nucleic acids (aptamers) have been increasingly used as bioreceptors in the construction of such sensors. Within this review paper, we have collected the examples of electrochemical immuno- and geno(apta)sensors for simultaneous detection of multiple analytes. Based on many published literature examples, we have emphasized the recent application of multiplexed platforms for detection of cancer biomarkers. It has allowed us to compare the progress in design strategies, including novel nanomaterials and amplification of signals, to get as low as possible limits of detection. We have focused on multi-electrode and multi-label strategies based on redox-active labels, such as ferrocene, anthraquinone, methylene blue, thionine, hemin and quantum dots, or metal ions such as Ag+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Cu2+ and others. We have finally discussed the possible way of development, challenges and prospects in the area of multianalyte electrochemical immuno- and geno(apta)sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Malecka-Baturo
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima Str. 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Iwona Grabowska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima Str. 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland.
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4
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Hemdan M, Ali MA, Doghish AS, Mageed SSA, Elazab IM, Khalil MM, Mabrouk M, Das DB, Amin AS. Innovations in Biosensor Technologies for Healthcare Diagnostics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Applications, Recent Progress, and Future Research Challenges. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:5143. [PMID: 39204840 PMCID: PMC11360123 DOI: 10.3390/s24165143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
This comprehensive review delves into the forefront of biosensor technologies and their critical roles in disease biomarker detection and therapeutic drug monitoring. It provides an in-depth analysis of various biosensor types and applications, including enzymatic sensors, immunosensors, and DNA sensors, elucidating their mechanisms and specific healthcare applications. The review highlights recent innovations such as integrating nanotechnology, developing wearable devices, and trends in miniaturisation, showcasing their transformative potential in healthcare. In addition, it addresses significant sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, and data security challenges, proposing strategic solutions to overcome these obstacles. It is envisaged that it will inform strategic decision-making, drive technological innovation, and enhance global healthcare outcomes by synthesising multidisciplinary insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hemdan
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City 11829, Egypt; (M.H.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Mohamed A. Ali
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City 11829, Egypt; (M.H.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Ahmed S. Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City 11829, Egypt;
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Egypt
| | - Sherif S. Abdel Mageed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City 11829, Egypt;
| | - Ibrahim M. Elazab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
| | - Magdy M. Khalil
- Medical Biophysics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt;
- School of Applied Health Sciences, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City 11829, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Mabrouk
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Diganta B. Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Alaa S. Amin
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13511, Egypt;
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5
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Wang Y, Chen J, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Zhang K, Zhang D, Zheng L. Advancing Microfluidic Immunity Testing Systems: New Trends for Microbial Pathogen Detection. Molecules 2024; 29:3322. [PMID: 39064900 PMCID: PMC11279515 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic microorganisms play a crucial role in the global disease burden due to their ability to cause various diseases and spread through multiple transmission routes. Immunity tests identify antigens related to these pathogens, thereby confirming past infections and monitoring the host's immune response. Traditional pathogen detection methods, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and chemiluminescent immunoassays (CLIAs), are often labor-intensive, slow, and reliant on sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel, which can be limiting in resource-poor settings. In contrast, the development of microfluidic technologies presents a promising alternative, offering automation, miniaturization, and cost efficiency. These advanced methods are poised to replace traditional assays by streamlining processes and enabling rapid, high-throughput immunity testing for pathogens. This review highlights the latest advancements in microfluidic systems designed for rapid and high-throughput immunity testing, incorporating immunosensors, single molecule arrays (Simoas), a lateral flow assay (LFA), and smartphone integration. It focuses on key pathogenic microorganisms such as SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and the ZIKA virus (ZIKV). Additionally, the review discusses the challenges, commercialization prospects, and future directions to advance microfluidic systems for infectious disease detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jingwei Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yule Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zhijin Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Kaihuan Zhang
- 2020 X-Lab, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Environmental Biosafety Instruments and Equipment, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lulu Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Environmental Biosafety Instruments and Equipment, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
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6
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Gaffar S, Nurbayanti SH, Hartati YW, Novianti MT, Novitriani K, Ishmayana S, Yusuf M, Subroto T. Expression of scFv-anti-CHIKV-E2 in Escherichia coli with chaperones Co-expression, and its functional assay by electrochemical immunosensor. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2024; 45:307-324. [PMID: 38776466 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2024.2356639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Single Chain Variable Fragment (scFv), a small fragment of antibody can be used to substitute the monoclonal antibody for diagnostic purposes. Production of scFv in Escherichia coli host has been a challenge due to the potential miss-folding and formation of inclusion bodies. This study aimed to express anti-CHIKV E2 scFv which previously designed specifically for Asian strains by co-expression of three chaperones that play a role in increasing protein solubility; GroEL, GroES, and Trigger Factor. The scFv and chaperones were expressed in Origami B E. coli host under the control of the T7 promoter, and purified using a Ni-NTA column. Functional assay of anti-CHIKV-E2 scFv was examined by electrochemical immunosensor using gold modified Screen Printed Carbon Electrode (SPCE), and characterized by differential pulses voltammetry (DPV) using K3[Fe(CN)6] redox system and scanning microscope electron (SEM). The experimental condition was optimized using the Box-Behnken design. The results showed that co-expression of chaperone increased the soluble scFv yield from 54.405 μg/mL to 220.097 µg/mL (~5×). Furthermore, scFv can be used to detect CHIKV-E2 in immunosensor electrochemistry with a detection limit of 0.74048 ng/mL and a quantification limit of 2,24388 ng/mL. Thus, the scFv-anti-CHIKV-E2 can be applied as a bioreceptor in another immunoassay method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabarni Gaffar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
- Research Center of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatic, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
- Graduate School, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Siti Hesti Nurbayanti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Yeni Wahyuni Hartati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Mia Tria Novianti
- Research Center of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatic, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Korry Novitriani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Universitas Bakti Tunas Husada, Tasikmalaya, Indonesia
| | - Safri Ishmayana
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Yusuf
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
- Graduate School, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Toto Subroto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
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7
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Zhao Q, Chen Z, Shan CW, Zhan T, Han CY, Han GC, Feng XZ, Kraatz HB. Construction and evaluation of AuNPs enhanced electrochemical immunosensors with [Fe(CN) 6] 3-/4- and PPy probe for highly sensitive detection of human chorionic gonadotropin. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:132963. [PMID: 38852725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), a vital protein for pregnancy determination and a marker for trophoblastic diseases, finds application in monitoring early pregnancy and ectopic pregnancy. This study presents an innovative approach employing electrochemical immunosensors for enhanced HCG detection, utilizing Anti-HCG antibodies and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in the sensor platform. Two sensor configurations were optimized: BSA/Anti-HCG/c-AuNPs/MEL/e-AuNPs/SPCE with [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- as a redox probe (1) and BSA/Anti-HCG/PPy/e-AuNPs/SPCE using polypyrrole (PPy) as a redox probe (2). The first sensor offers linear correlation in the 0.10-500.00 pg∙mL-1 HCG range, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.06 pg∙mL-1, sensitivity of 32.25 μA∙pg-1∙mL∙cm-2, RSD <2.47 %, and a recovery rate of 101.03-104.81 %. The second sensor widens the HCG detection range (40.00 fg∙mL-1-5.00 pg∙mL-1) with a LOD of 16.53 fg∙mL-1, ensuring precision (RSD <1.04 %) and a recovery range of 94.61-106.07 % in serum samples. These electrochemical immunosensors have transformative potential in biomarker detection, offering enhanced sensitivity, selectivity, and stability for advanced healthcare diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Human Physiological Information Non Invasive Detection Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensors and Intelligent Instruments, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Zhencheng Chen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Human Physiological Information Non Invasive Detection Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensors and Intelligent Instruments, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Chen-Wei Shan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Human Physiological Information Non Invasive Detection Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensors and Intelligent Instruments, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Tao Zhan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Human Physiological Information Non Invasive Detection Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensors and Intelligent Instruments, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Chen-Yang Han
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Human Physiological Information Non Invasive Detection Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensors and Intelligent Instruments, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Guo-Cheng Han
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Human Physiological Information Non Invasive Detection Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensors and Intelligent Instruments, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Zhen Feng
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Human Physiological Information Non Invasive Detection Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensors and Intelligent Instruments, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China.
| | - Heinz-Bernhard Kraatz
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada.
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8
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Tasić N, Konjević I, Lobato A, Metarapi D, Finšgar M, Oliveira FM, Sofer Z, Gusmão R, Zhang X, Hočevar SB. Study of V 2CT x-MXene Based Immunosensor for Sensitive Label-Free Impedimetric Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:30196-30208. [PMID: 38814245 PMCID: PMC11181268 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Rapid and reliable immunosensing is undoubtedly one of the priorities in the efficient management and combat against a pandemic, as society has experienced with the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak; simple and cost-effective sensing strategies are at the forefront of these efforts. In this regard, 2D-layered MXenes hold great potential for electrochemical biosensing due to their attractive physicochemical properties. Herein, we present a V2CTx MXene-based sensing layer as an integral part of a label-free immunosensor for sensitive and selective detection of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The sensor was fabricated on a supporting screen-printed carbon electrode using Nafion as an immobilizing agent for MXene and glutaraldehyde, the latter enabling effective binding of protein A for further site-oriented immobilization of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. A thorough structural analysis of the sensor architecture was carried out, and several key parameters affecting the fabrication and analytical performance of the immunosensor were investigated and optimized. The immunosensor showed excellent electroanalytical performance in combination with an impedimetric approach and exhibited a low detection limit of only 45 fM SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Its practical applicability was successfully demonstrated by measuring the spike protein in a spiked artificial nasopharyngeal fluid sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Tasić
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova ulica 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ivan Konjević
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova ulica 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna
pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alnilan Lobato
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova ulica 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- International
Postgraduate School Jožef Štefan, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dino Metarapi
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova ulica 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Finšgar
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University
of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Filipa M. Oliveira
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6-Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Zděnek Sofer
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6-Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Rui Gusmão
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6-Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Xueji Zhang
- School
of
Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University
Health Science Center, 3688 Nanhai Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518054, Guangdong P.R. China
| | - Samo B. Hočevar
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova ulica 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Xia N, Gao F, Zhang J, Wang J, Huang Y. Overview on the Development of Electrochemical Immunosensors by the Signal Amplification of Enzyme- or Nanozyme-Based Catalysis Plus Redox Cycling. Molecules 2024; 29:2796. [PMID: 38930860 PMCID: PMC11206384 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Enzyme-linked electrochemical immunosensors have attracted considerable attention for the sensitive and selective detection of various targets in clinical diagnosis, food quality control, and environmental analysis. In order to improve the performances of conventional immunoassays, significant efforts have been made to couple enzyme-linked or nanozyme-based catalysis and redox cycling for signal amplification. The current review summarizes the recent advances in the development of enzyme- or nanozyme-based electrochemical immunosensors with redox cycling for signal amplification. The special features of redox cycling reactions and their synergistic functions in signal amplification are discussed. Additionally, the current challenges and future directions of enzyme- or nanozyme-based electrochemical immunosensors with redox cycling are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Fengli Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Jiwen Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Jiaqiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Yaliang Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
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10
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Guo L, Zhao Y, Huang Q, Huang J, Tao Y, Chen J, Li HY, Liu H. Electrochemical protein biosensors for disease marker detection: progress and opportunities. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:65. [PMID: 38784375 PMCID: PMC11111687 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-024-00700-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The development of artificial intelligence-enabled medical health care has created both opportunities and challenges for next-generation biosensor technology. Proteins are extensively used as biological macromolecular markers in disease diagnosis and the analysis of therapeutic effects. Electrochemical protein biosensors have achieved desirable specificity by using the specific antibody-antigen binding principle in immunology. However, the active centers of protein biomarkers are surrounded by a peptide matrix, which hinders charge transfer and results in insufficient sensor sensitivity. Therefore, electrode-modified materials and transducer devices have been designed to increase the sensitivity and improve the practical application prospects of electrochemical protein sensors. In this review, we summarize recent reports of electrochemical biosensors for protein biomarker detection. We highlight the latest research on electrochemical protein biosensors for the detection of cancer, viral infectious diseases, inflammation, and other diseases. The corresponding sensitive materials, transducer structures, and detection principles associated with such biosensors are also addressed generally. Finally, we present an outlook on the use of electrochemical protein biosensors for disease marker detection for the next few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanpeng Guo
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - Yunong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601 China
| | - Qing Huang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 China
- School of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056 China
| | - Jing Huang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - Yanbing Tao
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Hua-Yao Li
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 China
- Wenzhou Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, 325000 China
| | - Huan Liu
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 China
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11
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Bounegru AV, Bounegru I. Acrylamide in food products and the role of electrochemical biosensors in its detection: a comprehensive review. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:2824-2839. [PMID: 38669134 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00466c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
In this review, the mechanisms of acrylamide formation in food, along with aspects related to its toxicity and associated consumption risks, are investigated, highlighting the potential impact on human health. European regulations regarding acrylamide content in food products are also addressed, emphasizing the importance of monitoring and detecting this substance in nutrition, by public health protection measures. The primary objective of the research is to explore and analyze innovative methods for detecting acrylamide in food, with a particular focus on electrochemical biosensors. This research direction is motivated by the need to develop rapid, sensitive, and efficient monitoring techniques for this toxic compound in food products, considering the associated consumption risks. The research has revealed several significant results. Studies have shown that electrochemical biosensors based on hemoglobin exhibited increased sensitivity and low detection limits, capable of detecting very low concentrations of acrylamide in processed foods. Additionally, it has been found that the use of functionalized nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes and gold nanoparticles, has led to the improvement of electrochemical biosensor performance in acrylamide detection. The integration of these technological innovations and functionalization strategies has enhanced the sensitivity, specificity, and stability of biosensors in measuring acrylamides. Thus, the results of this research offer promising perspectives for the development of precise and efficient methods for monitoring acrylamides in food, contributing to the improvement of food quality control and the protection of consumer health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Virginia Bounegru
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Environment, "Dunărea de Jos" University of Galaţi, 47 Domnească Street, 800008 Galaţi, Romania.
| | - Iulian Bounegru
- Competences Centre: Interfaces-Tribocorrosion-Electrochemical Systems, "Dunărea de Jos" University of Galati, 47 Domnească Street, 800008 Galati, Romania
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12
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Yaiwong P, Iamsawat K, Wiratchan S, Jumpathong W, Semakul N, Bamrungsap S, Jakmunee J, Ounnunkad K. A toluidine blue/porous organic polymer/2D MoSe 2 nanocomposite as an electrochemical signaling platform for a sensitive label-free aflatoxin B1 bioassay in some crops. Food Chem 2024; 439:138147. [PMID: 38070230 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
A label-free electrochemical immunosensor using a toluidine blue (TB)/porous organic polymer (POP)/two-dimensional molybdenum diselenide (2D MoSe2) nanocomposite is developed for highly sensitive detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in selected crops. A POP/2D MoSe2 composite material is employed to modify the surface of a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). Subsequently, TB is adsorbed on the modified SPCE surface, and the resulting TB/POP/2D MoSe2 composite is then used to construct a biosensor. The new POP/2D MoSe2 nanocomposite offers a high surface-to-volume area and is a good electroactive and biocompatible adsorbent for loading TB probe and capture antibodies. Adsorbed TB onto the POP/2D MoSe2 nanocomposite is utilized as a redox probe for the signal amplification unit. This TB/POP/2D MoSe2 nanocomposite provides good electron transfer properties of TB redox probe, good electrical conductivity, good biocompatibility, and likable adsorption ability, thus obtaining a sufficient immobilization quantity of antibodies for the sensor construction. After immobilization of the anti-AFB1 antibody and blocking with BSA on the composite surface, the immunosensor is obtained for the detection of AFB1. Under optimum conditions, the sensor shows a linear logarithmic range of 2.5-40 ng mL-1 with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.40 ng mL-1. The developed sensor provides several advantages in terms of simplicity, low cost, short analysis time, high selectivity, stability, and reproducibility. Additionally, the proposed immunosensor is successfully validated by the detection of AFB1 in rice, corn, and peanut samples. Utilizing the TB/POP/2D MoSe2 nanocomposite, this label-free electrochemical immunosensor demonstrates outstanding sensitivity and selectivity in detecting AFB1, making it a valuable tool for ensuring the safety of agricultural products and enhancing food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrawadee Yaiwong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; The Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kamonluck Iamsawat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sirakorn Wiratchan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Natthawat Semakul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Suwussa Bamrungsap
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Jaroon Jakmunee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kontad Ounnunkad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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13
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Palakollu VN, Veera Manohara Reddy Y, Shekh MI, Vattikuti SVP, Shim J, Karpoormath R. Electrochemical immunosensing of tumor markers. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 557:117882. [PMID: 38521164 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.117882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The rising incidence and mortality rates of cancer have led to a growing need for precise and prompt early diagnostic approaches to effectively combat this disease. However, traditional methods employed for detecting tumor cells, such as histopathological and immunological techniques, are often associated with complex procedures, high analytical expenses, elevated false positive rates, and a dependence on experienced personnel. Tracking tumor markers is recognized as one of the most effective approaches for early detection and prognosis of cancer. While onco-biomarkers can also be produced in normal circumstances, their concentration is significantly elevated when tumors are present. By monitoring the levels of these markers, healthcare professionals can obtain valuable insights into the presence, progression, and response to treatment of cancer, aiding in timely diagnosis and effective management. This review aims to provide researchers with a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in tumor markers using electrochemical immunosensors. By highlighting the latest developments in this field, researchers can gain a general understanding of the progress made in the utilization of electrochemical immunosensors for detecting tumor markers. Furthermore, this review also discusses the current limitations associated with electrochemical immunosensors and offers insights into paving the way for further improvements and advancements in this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Narayana Palakollu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru 560064, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa.
| | - Y Veera Manohara Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Mehdihasan I Shekh
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | | | - Jaesool Shim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Rajshekhar Karpoormath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
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Pan M, Zhao Y, Qiao J, Meng X. Electrochemical biosensors for pathogenic microorganisms detection based on recognition elements. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024; 69:283-304. [PMID: 38367165 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-024-01144-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The worldwide spread of pathogenic microorganisms poses a significant risk to human health. Electrochemical biosensors have emerged as dependable analytical tools for the point-of-care detection of pathogens and can effectively compensate for the limitations of conventional techniques. Real-time analysis, high throughput, portability, and rapidity make them pioneering tools for on-site detection of pathogens. Herein, this work comprehensively reviews the recent advances in electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection, focusing on those based on the classification of recognition elements, and summarizes their principles, current challenges, and prospects. This review was conducted by a systematic search of PubMed and Web of Science databases to obtain relevant literature and construct a basic framework. A total of 171 publications were included after online screening and data extraction to obtain information of the research advances in electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection. According to the findings, the research of electrochemical biosensors in pathogen detection has been increasing yearly in the past 3 years, which has a broad development prospect, but most of the biosensors have performance or economic limitations and are still in the primary stage. Therefore, significant research and funding are required to fuel the rapid development of electrochemical biosensors. The overview comprehensively evaluates the recent advances in different types of electrochemical biosensors utilized in pathogen detection, with a view to providing insights into future research directions in biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Pan
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Yurui Zhao
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Jinjuan Qiao
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangying Meng
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China.
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15
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Singh S, Raucci A, Cimmino W, Cinti S. Paper-Based Analytical Devices for Cancer Liquid Biopsy. Anal Chem 2024; 96:3698-3706. [PMID: 38377543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Liquid biopsies have caused a significant revolution in cancer diagnosis, and the use of point of care (PoC) platforms has the potential to bring liquid biopsy-based cancer detection closer to patients. These platforms provide rapid and on-site analysis by reducing the time between sample collection and results output. The aim of this tutorial content is to provide readers an in-depth understanding regarding the choice of the ideal sensing platform suitable for specific cancer-related biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ada Raucci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Wanda Cimmino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Cinti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
- BAT Center- Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Napoli Federico II, 80055 Naples, Italy
- Bioelectronics Task Force at University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
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16
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Janicka P, Baluta S, Winiarski J, Halicka-Stępień K, Pogorzelska A, Cabaj J, Pala K, Bażanów B. Sensitive electrochemical gold nanoparticle-based immunosensor for norovirus detection in food samples. RSC Adv 2024; 14:6028-6040. [PMID: 38370455 PMCID: PMC10870109 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08586d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Norovirus (NoV) infection is one of the most common non-bacterial causes of gastroenteritis among the population worldwide. From the point of view of medical diagnostics, it is important to develop a system that would sensitively and selectively detect norovirus from a patient's sample in order to control and limit its spread. In this paper, we present a stable and sensitive NoV (mouse model) detection matrix in infected food samples. The bio-platform was made of a modified gold electrode with a self-assembled l-cysteine monolayer, covered with gold nanoparticles, a linker and an antibody specific to the VP1 surface protein of the virus. Binding of the VP1 protein to the antibody caused a decrease in the current strength confirmed by electrochemical techniques - cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry. The reduction of the current was proportional to the concentration of NoV sample. The biosensors showed high sensitivity and linearity in a range from 1 × 10-9 to 1 × 10-18 TCID50, with the detection limit of 1 × 10-18 TCID50. CV showed a diffusion-controlled process. In addition, each modification step was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and CV. The described immunosensor showed excellent recovery values, good linearity and long-term stability, crucial parameters for biosensor construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Janicka
- Department of Pathology, University of Environmental and Life Sciences in Wrocław Norwida 31 50-375 Wrocław Poland
- Food4Future Technologies Sp. z o. o. ul. Tarasa Szewczenki 24 51-351 Wrocław Poland
| | - Sylwia Baluta
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Juliusz Winiarski
- Group of Surface Technology, Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 Wroclaw 50-370 Poland
| | - Kinga Halicka-Stępień
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Aleksandra Pogorzelska
- Department of Pathology, University of Environmental and Life Sciences in Wrocław Norwida 31 50-375 Wrocław Poland
| | - Joanna Cabaj
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pala
- Water Science and Technology Institute- H2O SciTech ul. Tarasa Szewczenki 24 51-351 Wrocław Poland
| | - Barbara Bażanów
- Department of Pathology, University of Environmental and Life Sciences in Wrocław Norwida 31 50-375 Wrocław Poland
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17
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Sitkov N, Ryabko A, Moshnikov V, Aleshin A, Kaplun D, Zimina T. Hybrid Impedimetric Biosensors for Express Protein Markers Detection. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:181. [PMID: 38398911 PMCID: PMC10890403 DOI: 10.3390/mi15020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Impedimetric biosensors represent a powerful and promising tool for studying and monitoring biological processes associated with proteins and can contribute to the development of new approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The basic principles, analytical methods, and applications of hybrid impedimetric biosensors for express protein detection in biological fluids are described. The advantages of this type of biosensors, such as simplicity and speed of operation, sensitivity and selectivity of analysis, cost-effectiveness, and an ability to be integrated into hybrid microfluidic systems, are demonstrated. Current challenges and development prospects in this area are analyzed. They include (a) the selection of materials for electrodes and formation of nanostructures on their surface; (b) the development of efficient methods for biorecognition elements' deposition on the electrodes' surface, providing the specificity and sensitivity of biosensing; (c) the reducing of nonspecific binding and interference, which could affect specificity; (d) adapting biosensors to real samples and conditions of operation; (e) expanding the range of detected proteins; and, finally, (f) the development of biosensor integration into large microanalytical system technologies. This review could be useful for researchers working in the field of impedimetric biosensors for protein detection, as well as for those interested in the application of this type of biosensor in biomedical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Sitkov
- Department of Micro and Nanoelectronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.M.); (T.Z.)
- Engineering Centre for Microtechnology and Diagnostics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey Ryabko
- Laboratory of Nonequilibrium Processes in Semiconductors, Ioffe Institute, 26 Politekhnicheskaya, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Vyacheslav Moshnikov
- Department of Micro and Nanoelectronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.M.); (T.Z.)
| | - Andrey Aleshin
- Laboratory of Nonequilibrium Processes in Semiconductors, Ioffe Institute, 26 Politekhnicheskaya, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Dmitry Kaplun
- Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, China University of Mining and Technology, 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou 221116, China;
- Department of Automation and Control Processes, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana Zimina
- Department of Micro and Nanoelectronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.M.); (T.Z.)
- Engineering Centre for Microtechnology and Diagnostics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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18
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Mehta D, Gupta D, Kafle A, Kaur S, Nagaiah TC. Advances and Challenges in Nanomaterial-Based Electrochemical Immunosensors for Small Cell Lung Cancer Biomarker Neuron-Specific Enolase. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:33-51. [PMID: 38222505 PMCID: PMC10785636 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Early and rapid detection of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is highly significant, as it is putative biomarker for small-cell lung cancer as well as COVID-19. Electrochemical techniques have attracted substantial attention for the early detection of cancer biomarkers due to the important properties of simplicity, high sensitivity, specificity, low cost, and point-of-care detection. This work reviews the clinically relevant labeled and label-free electrochemical immunosensors developed so far for the analysis of NSE. The prevailing role of nanostructured materials as electrode matrices is thoroughly discussed. Subsequently, the key performances of various immunoassays are critically evaluated in terms of limit of detection, linear ranges, and incubation time for clinical translation. Electrochemical techniques coupled with screen-printed electrodes developing market level commercialization of NSE sensors is also discussed. Finally, the review concludes with the current challenges associated with available methods and provides a future outlook toward commercialization opportunities for easy detection of NSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Mehta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian
Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Divyani Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian
Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Alankar Kafle
- Department of Chemistry, Indian
Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Sukhjot Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Indian
Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Tharamani C. Nagaiah
- Department of Chemistry, Indian
Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
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19
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Orzari LO, Silva LRGE, de Freitas RC, Brazaca LC, Janegitz BC. Lab-made disposable screen-printed electrochemical sensors and immunosensors modified with Pd nanoparticles for Parkinson's disease diagnostics. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:76. [PMID: 38172448 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06158-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
A new conductive ink based on the addition of carbon black to a poly(vinyl alcohol) matrix is developed and investigated for electrochemical sensing and biosensing applications. The produced devices were characterized using morphological and electrochemical techniques and modified with Pd nanoparticles to enhance electrical conductivity and reaction kinetics. With the aid of chemometrics, the parameters for metal deposition were investigated and the sensor was applied to the determination of Parkinson's disease biomarkers, specifically epinephrine and α-synuclein. A linear behavior was obtained in the range 0.75 to 100 μmol L-1 of the neurotransmitter, and the device displayed a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.051 μmol L-1. The three-electrode system was then tested using samples of synthetic cerebrospinal fluid. Afterward, the device was modified with specific antibodies to quantify α-synuclein using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. In phosphate buffer, a linear range was obtained for α-synuclein concentrations from 1.5 to 15 μg mL-1, with a calculated LOD of 0.13 μg mL-1. The proposed immunosensor was also applied to blood serum samples, and, in this case, the linear range was observed from 6.0 to 100.5 μg mL-1 of α-synuclein, with a LOD = 1.3 µg mL-1. Both linear curves attend the range for the real diagnosis, demonstrating its potential application to complex matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Otávio Orzari
- Department of Nature Sciences, Mathematics and Education, Federal University of São Carlos, Araras, SP, 13600-970, Brazil
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba, SP, 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Luiz Ricardo Guterres E Silva
- Department of Nature Sciences, Mathematics and Education, Federal University of São Carlos, Araras, SP, 13600-970, Brazil
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba, SP, 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Cristina de Freitas
- Department of Nature Sciences, Mathematics and Education, Federal University of São Carlos, Araras, SP, 13600-970, Brazil
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba, SP, 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Laís Canniatti Brazaca
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Bruno Campos Janegitz
- Department of Nature Sciences, Mathematics and Education, Federal University of São Carlos, Araras, SP, 13600-970, Brazil.
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Kiio LK, Onyatta JO, Ndangili PM, Oloo F, Santamaria C, Montuenga LM, Mbui DN. Ultrasensitive immunosensor for multiplex detection of cancer biomarkers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and yamaguchi sarcoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (YES1) based on eco-friendly synthesized gold nanoparticles. Talanta 2024; 266:124934. [PMID: 37454512 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most extensive diseases with the highest mortality rate, accounting for almost 10 million deaths in 2020. The most common cancers are breast, lung, colon and rectum and prostate cancers. Of these, lung cancer, accounted for about 1.8 million of all cancer deaths (25%) in 2020. Detection of cancer relies on presence of biomarkers such as DNA molecules, proteins and metabolites released by cancerous cells into the circulation. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is one of the biomarkers that has been used for the detection of lung cancer. However, CEA is not specific to lung cancer since it is also manifested in gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, and breast cancer. Recently, v-YES1 Yamaguchi sarcoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (YES1) was described as a specific biomarker for lung cancer. The detection of both CEA and YES1 would give more precise and authentic information for detecting lung cancer. This is because detection of a single tumor marker usually limits the precision in tumor diagnosis, due to the fact that several cancers have more than one marker linked with their prevalence. Whereas traditional methods have been used for the detection of CEA, electrochemical immunosensors have attracted considerable attention owing to their profound advantages, including fast response, miniaturization, high selectivity, low sample requirements and magnificent sensitivity. The fabrication of a multiplex and simultaneous immunosensor is met with challenge of preparation of distinguishable immunoprobes with different redox activities. This can be addressed by incorporation of electroactive Nano metals into the sensing platform. In this study, gold nanoparticles were used for the fabrication of an ultrasensitive sandwich electrochemical multiplex immunosensor for simultaneous detection of CEA and YES1. Under optimized conditions, the electrochemical immunosensor detection limit for YES1 and CEA was found to be 0.0022 and 0.0034 ng/mL respectively within a linear range of 0.1-50 ng/mL. The proposed immunosensor proved to be stable for up to 2 weeks and had negligible cross reactivity towards various interfering compounds in human plasma. This study reports that gold nanoparticles can be bio synthesized using shade dried Mangifera indica leaves extract. The bio-synthesized gold nanoparticles coupled with thiolated protein G can be used for fabrication of a multiplex immunosensor for detection of CEA and YES1. The proposed immunosensor can provide a new approach for early diagnosis of circulating cancer biomarkers and holds great promise for application in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia K Kiio
- Program in Solid Tumors, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; School of Chemistry and Material Science, The Technical University of Kenya, 52428-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - John O Onyatta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Peter M Ndangili
- School of Chemistry and Material Science, The Technical University of Kenya, 52428-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Florence Oloo
- School of Chemistry and Material Science, The Technical University of Kenya, 52428-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Carolina Santamaria
- BIOMA Center, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Luis M Montuenga
- Program in Solid Tumors, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Navarra Health Research Institute (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Damaris N Mbui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
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Sweety, Kumar D. Electrochemical immunosensor based on titanium dioxide grafted MXene for EpCAM antigen detection. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 652:549-556. [PMID: 37607417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.08.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
This study proposes the fabrication of a highly sensitive electrochemical immunosensor for label-free detection of EpCAM antigen. MXenes, novel 2D materials have become popular owing to their unique electrochemical properties. Unlike conventional immunosensors, which are unable to detect the carcinoma at primary stage and also time consuming, the use of highly conducting MXene provides a label-free and highly sensitive immunosensor. Herein, we develop a unique immunosensor, which is based on the in-situ growth of 2D-TiO2 onto the novel 2D-Ti3C2Tx sheets by hydrothermal treatment. The 2D/2D TiO2/Ti3C2Tx hybrid provides a platform having a large effective surface area, and more number of electrochemically active sites to enhance the electron transfer rate through the redox probe. The designed sensing platform, BSA/anti-EpCAM/TiO2/Ti3C2Tx@ITO shows a broad linear range (1 ag/mL to 10 ng/mL) with high sensitivity (6.661 µA ag-1 mL cm-2), and low detection limit (0.7 ag/mL) for EpCAM antigen detection under optimized conditions. The proposed immunosensor possesses good reproducibility, long-term stability, and outstanding selectivity and specificity. Moreover, the clinical applicability of the novel immunosensor is tested in spiked human serum showing good recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweety
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University, Delhi 110042, India.
| | - Devendra Kumar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University, Delhi 110042, India.
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22
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Abrha FH, Wondimu TH, Kahsay MH, Fufa Bakare F, Andoshe DM, Kim JY. Graphene-based biosensors for detecting coronavirus: a brief review. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:18184-18197. [PMID: 37927083 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04583h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease has affected the globe with 770 437 327 confirmed cases, including about 6 956 900 deaths, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) as of September 2023. Hence, it is imperative to develop diagnostic technologies, such as a rapid cost-effective SARS-CoV-2 detection method. A typical biosensor enables biomolecule detection with an appropriate transducer by generating a measurable signal from the sample. Graphene can be employed as a component for ultrasensitive and selective biosensors based on its physical, optical, and electrochemical properties. Herein, we briefly review graphene-based electrochemical, field-effect transistor (FET), and surface plasmon biosensors for detecting the SARS-CoV-2 target. In addition, details on the surface modification, immobilization, sensitivity and limit of detection (LOD) of all three sensors with regard to SARS-CoV-2 were reported. Finally, the point-of-care (POC) detection of SARS-CoV-2 using a portable smartphone and a wearable watch is a current topic of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filimon Hadish Abrha
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Aksum University, Aksum 1010, Ethiopia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia.
| | - Tadele Hunde Wondimu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia.
- Center of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia
| | - Mebrahtu Hagos Kahsay
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle 231, Ethiopia
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia
| | - Fetene Fufa Bakare
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia.
- Center of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia
| | - Dinsefa Mensur Andoshe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia.
| | - Jung Yong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia.
- Center of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia
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23
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du Plooy J, Jahed N, Iwuoha E, Pokpas K. Advances in paper-based electrochemical immunosensors: review of fabrication strategies and biomedical applications. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230940. [PMID: 38034121 PMCID: PMC10685120 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose paper-based sensing devices have shown promise in addressing the accuracy, sensitivity, selectivity, analysis time and cost of current disease diagnostic tools owing to their excellent physical and physiochemical properties, high surface-area-to-volume ratio, strong adsorption capabilities, ease of chemical functionalization for immobilization, biodegradability, biocompatibility and liquid transport by simple capillary action. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the field of electrochemical immunosensing for various diseases, particularly in underdeveloped regions and globally. It highlights the significant progress in fabrication techniques, fluid control, signal transduction and paper substrates, shedding light on their respective advantages and disadvantages. The primary objective of this review article is to compile recent advances in the field of electrochemical immunosensing for the early detection of diseases prevalent in underdeveloped regions and globally, including cancer biomarkers, bacteria, proteins and viruses. Herein, the critical need for new, simplistic early detection strategies to combat future disease outbreaks and prevent global pandemics is addressed. Moreover, recent advancements in fabrication techniques, including lithography, printing and electrodeposition as well as device orientation, substrate type and electrode modification, have highlighted their potential for enhancing sensitivity and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarid du Plooy
- SensorLab, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Nazeem Jahed
- SensorLab, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Emmanuel Iwuoha
- SensorLab, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Keagan Pokpas
- SensorLab, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa
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24
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Chen C, La M, Yi X, Huang M, Xia N, Zhou Y. Progress in Electrochemical Immunosensors with Alkaline Phosphatase as the Signal Label. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:855. [PMID: 37754089 PMCID: PMC10526794 DOI: 10.3390/bios13090855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical immunosensors have shown great potential in clinical diagnosis, food safety, environmental protection, and other fields. The feasible and innovative combination of enzyme catalysis and other signal-amplified elements has yielded exciting progress in the development of electrochemical immunosensors. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is one of the most popularly used enzyme reporters in bioassays. It has been widely utilized to design electrochemical immunosensors owing to its significant advantages (e.g., high catalytic activity, high turnover number, and excellent substrate specificity). In this work, we summarized the achievements of electrochemical immunosensors with ALP as the signal reporter. We mainly focused on detection principles and signal amplification strategies and briefly discussed the challenges regarding how to further improve the performance of ALP-based immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changdong Chen
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 476000, China
| | - Ming La
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 476000, China
| | - Xinyao Yi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Mengjie Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Ning Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Yanbiao Zhou
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 476000, China
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25
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Islam J, Conroy P, Fercher C, Kim M, Yaari Z, Jones M, Bell TDM, Caradoc-Davies T, Law R, Whisstock J, Heller D, Mahler S, Corrie S. Design of Polarity-Dependent Immunosensors Based on the Structural Analysis of Engineered Antibodies. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:1863-1871. [PMID: 37440171 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
"Reagentless" immunosensors are emerging to address the challenge of practical and sensitive detection of important biomarkers in real biological samples without the need for multistep assays and user intervention, with applications ranging from research tools to point-of-care diagnostics. Selective target binding to an affinity reagent is detected and reported in one step without the need for washing or additional reporters. In this study, we used a structure-guided approach to identify a mutation site in an antibody fragment for the polarity-dependent fluorophore, Anap, such that upon binding of the protein target cardiac troponin I, the Anap-labeled antibody would produce a detectable and dose-dependent shift in emission wavelength. We observed a significant emission wavelength shift of the Anap-labeled anti-cTnI mutant, with a blue shift of up to 37 nm, upon binding to the cTnI protein. Key differences in the resulting emission spectra between target peptides in comparison to whole proteins were also found; however, the affinity and binding characteristics remained unaffected when compared to the wild-type antibody. We also highlighted the potential flexibility of the approach by incorporating a near-infrared dye, IRDye800CW, into the same mutation site, which also resulted in a dose-dependent wavelength shift upon target incubation. These reagents can be used in experiments and devices to create simpler and more efficient biosensors across a range of research, medical laboratory, and point-of-care platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaul Islam
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Paul Conroy
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Christian Fercher
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Mijin Kim
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre, New York 10065, United States
| | - Zvi Yaari
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre, New York 10065, United States
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91905, Israel
| | - Martina Jones
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Toby D M Bell
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Tom Caradoc-Davies
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
- Australian Synchrotron - ANSTO, Melbourne 3168, Australia
| | - Ruby Law
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - James Whisstock
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Daniel Heller
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre, New York 10065, United States
| | - Stephen Mahler
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Simon Corrie
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
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Sharma A, Angnes L, Sattarahmady N, Negahdary M, Heli H. Electrochemical Immunosensors Developed for Amyloid-Beta and Tau Proteins, Leading Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:742. [PMID: 37504140 PMCID: PMC10377038 DOI: 10.3390/bios13070742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurological disease and a serious cause of dementia, which constitutes a threat to human health. The clinical evidence has found that extracellular amyloid-beta peptides (Aβ), phosphorylated tau (p-tau), and intracellular tau proteins, which are derived from the amyloid precursor protein (APP), are the leading biomarkers for accurate and early diagnosis of AD due to their central role in disease pathology, their correlation with disease progression, their diagnostic value, and their implications for therapeutic interventions. Their detection and monitoring contribute significantly to understanding AD and advancing clinical care. Available diagnostic techniques, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET), are mainly used to validate AD diagnosis. However, these methods are expensive, yield results that are difficult to interpret, and have common side effects such as headaches, nausea, and vomiting. Therefore, researchers have focused on developing cost-effective, portable, and point-of-care alternative diagnostic devices to detect specific biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and other biofluids. In this review, we summarized the recent progress in developing electrochemical immunosensors for detecting AD biomarkers (Aβ and p-tau protein) and their subtypes (AβO, Aβ(1-40), Aβ(1-42), t-tau, cleaved-tau (c-tau), p-tau181, p-tau231, p-tau381, and p-tau441). We also evaluated the key characteristics and electrochemical performance of developed immunosensing platforms, including signal interfaces, nanomaterials or other signal amplifiers, biofunctionalization methods, and even primary electrochemical sensing performances (i.e., sensitivity, linear detection range, the limit of detection (LOD), and clinical application).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Sharma
- Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lúcio Angnes
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Naghmeh Sattarahmady
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoud Negahdary
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Hossein Heli
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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27
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Lima RRM, Lima JVA, Ribeiro JFF, Nascimento JB, Oliveira WF, Cabral Filho PE, Fontes A. Emerging biomedical tools for biomarkers detection and diagnostics in schistosomiasis. Talanta 2023; 265:124900. [PMID: 37423177 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a neglected disease that strikes many people from tropical and subtropical countries where there are not satisfactory sanitation and wide access to clean water. Schistosoma spp., the causative agents of schistosomiasis, exhibit a quite complex life cycle that involves two hosts (humans and snails, respectively, the definitive and the intermediate), and five evolutive forms: cercariae (human infective form), schistosomula, adult worms, eggs, and miracidia. The techniques to diagnose schistosomiasis still have various limitations, mainly regarding low-intensity infections. Although various mechanisms associated with schistosomiasis have already been evidenced, there is still a need to fulfill the comprehension of this disease, especially to prospect for novel biomarkers to improve its diagnosis. Developing methods with more sensitivity and portability to detect the infection is valuable to reach schistosomiasis control. In this context, this review has gathered information not only on schistosomiasis biomarkers but also on emerging optical and electrochemical tools proposed in selected studies from about the last ten years. Aspects of the assays regarding the sensibility, specificity, and time needed for detecting diverse biomarkers are described. We hope this review can guide future developments in the field of schistosomiasis, contributing to improving its diagnosis and eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rennan R M Lima
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - João V A Lima
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Jéssika F F Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Júlio B Nascimento
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Weslley F Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Paulo E Cabral Filho
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil.
| | - Adriana Fontes
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil.
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28
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Tyśkiewicz R, Fedorowicz M, Nakonieczna A, Zielińska P, Kwiatek M, Mizak L. Electrochemical, optical and mass-based immunosensors: A comprehensive review of Bacillus anthracis detection methods. Anal Biochem 2023; 675:115215. [PMID: 37343693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
A biosensor is an analytical device whose main components include transducer and bioreceptor segments. The combination of biological recognition with the ligand is followed by transformation into physical or chemical signals. Many publications describe biological sensors as user-friendly, easy, portable, and less time-consuming than conventional methods. Among major categories of methods for the detection of Bacillus anthracis, such as culture-based microbiological method, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), microarray-based techniques sensors with bioreceptors have been highlighted which particular emphasis is placed on herein. There are several types of biosensors based on various chemical or physical transducers (e.g., electrochemical, optical, piezoelectric, thermal or magnetic electrodes) and the type of biological materials used (e.g., enzymes, nucleic acids, antibodies, cells, phages or tissues). In recent decades, antibody-based sensors have increasingly gained popularity due to their reliability, sensitivity and rapidness. The fundamental principle of antibody-based sensors is mainly based on the molecular recognition between antigens and antibodies. Therefore, immunosensors that detect B. anthracis surface antigens can provide a rapid tool for detecting anthrax bacilli and spores, especially in situ. This review provides a comprehensive summary of immunosensor-based methods using electrochemical, optical, and mass-based transducers to detect B. anthracis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Tyśkiewicz
- Analytical Laboratory, Łukasiewicz Research Network - New Chemical Syntheses Institute, Aleja Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 13a, 24-110, Puławy, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Fedorowicz
- Biological Threats Identification and Countermeasure Centre, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Lubelska 4, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Nakonieczna
- Biological Threats Identification and Countermeasure Centre, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Lubelska 4, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Paulina Zielińska
- Biological Threats Identification and Countermeasure Centre, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Lubelska 4, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kwiatek
- Biological Threats Identification and Countermeasure Centre, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Lubelska 4, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Lidia Mizak
- Biological Threats Identification and Countermeasure Centre, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Lubelska 4, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
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29
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Ben Halima H, Bellagambi FG, Brunon F, Alcacer A, Pfeiffer N, Heuberger A, Hangouët M, Zine N, Bausells J, Errachid A. Immuno field-effect transistor (ImmunoFET) for detection of salivary cortisol using potentiometric and impedance spectroscopy for monitoring heart failure. Talanta 2023; 257:123802. [PMID: 36863297 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cortisol, a steroid hormone mostly known as "the stress hormone," plays many essential functions in humans due its involvement in several metabolic pathways. It is well-known that cortisol dysregulation is implied in evolution and progression of several chronic pathologies, including cardiac diseases such as heart failure (HF). However, although several sensors have been proposed to date for the determination of cortisol, none of them has been designed for its determination in saliva in order to monitor HF progression. In this work, a silicon nitride based Immuno field-effect transistor (ImmunoFET) has been proposed to quantify salivary cortisol for HF monitoring. Sensitive biological element was represented by anti-cortisol antibody bound onto the ISFET gate via 11-triethoxysilyl undecanal (TESUD) by vapor-phase method. Potentiometric and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were carried out for preliminary investigations on device responsiveness. Subsequently, a more sensitive detection was obtained using electrochemical EIS. The proposed device has proven to have a linear response (R2 always >0.99), to be sensitive (with a limit of detection, LoD, of 0.005 ± 0.002 ng/mL), selective in case of other HF biomarkers (e.g. N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 10 (IL-10)), and accurate in cortisol quantification in saliva sample by performing the standard addition method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi Ben Halima
- Institute of Analytical Sciences (ISA) - UMR 5280, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, 69100, Lyon, France
| | - Francesca G Bellagambi
- Institute of Analytical Sciences (ISA) - UMR 5280, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, 69100, Lyon, France.
| | - Fabien Brunon
- Institute of Analytical Sciences (ISA) - UMR 5280, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, 69100, Lyon, France
| | - Albert Alcacer
- Institute of Microelectronics of Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Norman Pfeiffer
- Fraunhofer IIS, Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Albert Heuberger
- Information Technology (LIKE), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marie Hangouët
- Institute of Analytical Sciences (ISA) - UMR 5280, French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), 69100, Lyon, France
| | - Nadia Zine
- Institute of Analytical Sciences (ISA) - UMR 5280, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, 69100, Lyon, France
| | - Joan Bausells
- Institute of Microelectronics of Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Abdelhamid Errachid
- Institute of Analytical Sciences (ISA) - UMR 5280, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, 69100, Lyon, France.
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Adam H, Gopinath SCB, Md Arshad MK, Adam T, Parmin NA, Husein I, Hashim U. An update on pathogenesis and clinical scenario for Parkinson's disease: diagnosis and treatment. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:142. [PMID: 37124989 PMCID: PMC10134733 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03553-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In severe cases, Parkinson's disease causes uncontrolled movements known as motor symptoms such as dystonia, rigidity, bradykinesia, and tremors. Parkinson's disease also causes non-motor symptoms such as insomnia, constipation, depression and hysteria. Disruption of dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neural networks in the substantia nigra pars compacta is a major cause of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, due to the difficulty of clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, it is often misdiagnosed, highlighting the need for better methods of detection. Treatment of Parkinson's disease is also complicated due to the difficulties of medications passing across the blood-brain barrier. Moreover, the conventional methods fail to solve the aforementioned issues. As a result, new methods are needed to detect and treat Parkinson's disease. Improved diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson's disease can help avoid some of its devastating symptoms. This review explores how nanotechnology platforms, such as nanobiosensors and nanomedicine, have improved Parkinson's disease detection and treatment. Nanobiosensors integrate science and engineering principles to detect Parkinson's disease. The main advantages are their low cost, portability, and quick and precise analysis. Moreover, nanotechnology can transport medications in the form of nanoparticles across the blood-brain barrier. However, because nanobiosensors are a novel technology, their use in biological systems is limited. Nanobiosensors have the potential to disrupt cell metabolism and homeostasis, changing cellular molecular profiles and making it difficult to distinguish sensor-induced artifacts from fundamental biological phenomena. In the treatment of Parkinson's disease, nanoparticles, on the other hand, produce neurotoxicity, which is a challenge in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Techniques must be developed to distinguish sensor-induced artifacts from fundamental biological phenomena and to reduce the neurotoxicity caused by nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussaini Adam
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Subash C. B. Gopinath
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, 02600 Perlis, Malaysia
- Micro System Technology, Centre of Excellence (CoE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Campus, Arau, 02600 Perlis, Malaysia
| | - M. K. Md Arshad
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Campus, Arau, 02600 Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Tijjani Adam
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
- Micro System Technology, Centre of Excellence (CoE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Campus, Arau, 02600 Perlis, Malaysia
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Campus, Arau, 02600 Perlis, Malaysia
| | - N. A. Parmin
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Irzaman Husein
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor-Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - Uda Hashim
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
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31
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Curulli A. Functional Nanomaterials Enhancing Electrochemical Biosensors as Smart Tools for Detecting Infectious Viral Diseases. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093777. [PMID: 37175186 PMCID: PMC10180161 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical biosensors are known as analytical tools, guaranteeing rapid and on-site results in medical diagnostics, food safety, environmental protection, and life sciences research. Current research focuses on developing sensors for specific targets and addresses challenges to be solved before their commercialization. These challenges typically include the lowering of the limit of detection, the widening of the linear concentration range, the analysis of real samples in a real environment and the comparison with a standard validation method. Nowadays, functional nanomaterials are designed and applied in electrochemical biosensing to support all these challenges. This review will address the integration of functional nanomaterials in the development of electrochemical biosensors for the rapid diagnosis of viral infections, such as COVID-19, middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS), influenza, hepatitis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and dengue, among others. The role and relevance of the nanomaterial, the type of biosensor, and the electrochemical technique adopted will be discussed. Finally, the critical issues in applying laboratory research to the analysis of real samples, future perspectives, and commercialization aspects of electrochemical biosensors for virus detection will be analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Curulli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN), 00161 Rome, Italy
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32
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Direksilp C, Parinyanitikul N, Ariyasajjamongkol N, Sirivat A. A label-free electrochemical immunosensor based on 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid grafted chitosan and poly(N-methylaniline) for the detection of carcinoembryonic antigen. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 152:108446. [PMID: 37084572 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a cancer marker used for monitoring cancer treatment. Herein, a label-free electrochemical immunosensor for determining CEA concentration composed of the thiolated chitosan (tCHI) and the doped poly(N-methylaniline) (dPNMA) is proposed. The tCHI served as a support matrix for the immobilization of CEA antibodies (anti-CEA) and was prepared by using 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) as a grafting agent on chitosan (CHI). The excellent electrical conductivity of the dPNMA was utilized as an electron transfer layer for the proposed immunosensor. The successful preparation of the tCHI was confirmed by the attenuated-total reflection Fourier transform spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to illustrate the performance of the proposed immunosensor. The determination of CEA concentration was relied on the decrease in the DPV current response with increasing CEA concentration from the creation of the antigen-antibody immunocomplex. The proposed immunosensor demonstrated a broad concentration range of 0.01 to 30 ng mL-1 with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.01 ng mL-1. In addition, the present sensor exhibited excellent selectivity, reproducibility, and long-term stability, suggesting its potential use to determine CEA in clinical immunoassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatrawee Direksilp
- The Conductive and Electroactive Polymer Research Unit, The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology (PETROMAT), Chulalongkorn University Research Building, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Napa Parinyanitikul
- Medical Oncology Unit, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
| | - Nuttha Ariyasajjamongkol
- The Conductive and Electroactive Polymer Research Unit, The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology (PETROMAT), Chulalongkorn University Research Building, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Anuvat Sirivat
- The Conductive and Electroactive Polymer Research Unit, The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology (PETROMAT), Chulalongkorn University Research Building, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Biosensor integrated brain-on-a-chip platforms: Progress and prospects in clinical translation. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 225:115100. [PMID: 36709589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Because of the brain's complexity, developing effective treatments for neurological disorders is a formidable challenge. Research efforts to this end are advancing as in vitro systems have reached the point that they can imitate critical components of the brain's structure and function. Brain-on-a-chip (BoC) was first used for microfluidics-based systems with small synthetic tissues but has expanded recently to include in vitro simulation of the central nervous system (CNS). Defining the system's qualifying parameters may improve the BoC for the next generation of in vitro platforms. These parameters show how well a given platform solves the problems unique to in vitro CNS modeling (like recreating the brain's microenvironment and including essential parts like the blood-brain barrier (BBB)) and how much more value it offers than traditional cell culture systems. This review provides an overview of the practical concerns of creating and deploying BoC systems and elaborates on how these technologies might be used. Not only how advanced biosensing technologies could be integrated with BoC system but also how novel approaches will automate assays and improve point-of-care (PoC) diagnostics and accurate quantitative analyses are discussed. Key challenges providing opportunities for clinical translation of BoC in neurodegenerative disorders are also addressed.
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Yan Q, Zhao G, Wang B, Wang N, Duolihong B, Xia X. Construction of an electrochemical immunosensor based on the OER signal of Au@CoFe-(oxy)hydroxide for ultrasensitive detection of CEA. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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Drobysh M, Ramanavicius A, Baradoke A. Polyaniline-based electrochemical immunosensor for the determination of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 862:160700. [PMID: 36493838 PMCID: PMC9726207 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report an impedimetric system for the detection of antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Spike protein. The sensing platform is based on recombinant Spike protein (SCoV2-rS) immobilized on the phytic acid doped polyaniline films (PANI-PA). The affinity interaction between immobilized SCoV2-rS protein and antibodies in the physiological range of concentrations was registered by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Analytical parameters of the sensing platform were tuned by the variation of electropolymerization times during the synthesis of PANI-PA films. The lowest limit of detection and quantification were obtained for electropolymerization time of 20 min and equalled 8.00 ± 0.20 nM and 23.93 ± 0.60 nM with an equilibrium dissociation constant of 3 nM. The presented sensing system is label-free and suitable for the direct detection of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in real patient serum samples after coronavirus disease 2019 and/or vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryia Drobysh
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, Sauletekio ave. 3, Vilnius, Lithuania; NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, Sauletekio ave. 3, Vilnius, Lithuania; NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Ausra Baradoke
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, Sauletekio ave. 3, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Martinez-Sade E, Martinez-Rojas F, Ramos D, Aguirre MJ, Armijo F. Formation of a Conducting Polymer by Different Electrochemical Techniques and Their Effect on Obtaining an Immunosensor for Immunoglobulin G. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051168. [PMID: 36904408 PMCID: PMC10007133 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, a conducting polymer (CP) was obtained through three electrochemical procedures to study its effect on the development of an electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of immunoglobulin G (IgG-Ag) by square wave voltammetry (SWV). The glassy carbon electrode modified with poly indol-6-carboxylic acid (6-PICA) applied the cyclic voltammetry technique presented a more homogeneous size distribution of nanowires with greater adherence allowing the direct immobilization of the antibodies (IgG-Ab) to detect the biomarker IgG-Ag. Additionally, 6-PICA presents the most stable and reproducible electrochemical response used as an analytical signal for developing a label-free electrochemical immunosensor. The different steps in obtaining the electrochemical immunosensor were characterized by FESEM, FTIR, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and SWV. Optimal conditions to improve performance, stability, and reproducibility in the immunosensing platform were achieved. The prepared immunosensor has a linear detection range of 2.0-16.0 ng·mL-1 with a low detection limit of 0.8 ng·mL-1. The immunosensing platform performance depends on the orientation of the IgG-Ab, favoring the formation of the immuno-complex with an affinity constant (Ka) of 4.32 × 109 M-1, which has great potential to be used as point of care testing (POCT) device for the rapid detection of biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Martinez-Sade
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Francisco Martinez-Rojas
- Millenium Institute on Green Ammonia as Energy Vector, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Danilo Ramos
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Maria Jesus Aguirre
- Millenium Institute on Green Ammonia as Energy Vector, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- Departamento de Química de Los Materiales, Faculta de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Av. L.B. O’Higgins 3363, Santiago 9170022, Chile
| | - Francisco Armijo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- Millenium Institute on Green Ammonia as Energy Vector, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- Centro de Nanotecnología y Materiales Avanzados, CIEN-UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is by definition a biosensor. However, not all immuno-biosensors involve the use of enzymes, while other biosensors incorporate ELISA as a key signaling component. In this chapter, we review the role of ELISA in signal amplification, integration with microfluidic systems, digital labeling, and electrochemical detection.
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Jijana AN, Feleni U, Ndangili PM, Bilibana M, Ajayi RF, Iwuoha EI. Quantum Dot-Sensitised Estrogen Receptor-α-Based Biosensor for 17β-Estradiol. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:242. [PMID: 36832008 PMCID: PMC9954354 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
17β-estradiol (E2) is an important natural female hormone that is also classified as an estrogenic endocrine-disrupting compound (e-EDC). It is, however, known to cause more damaging health effects compared to other e-EDCs. Environmental water systems are commonly contaminated with E2 that originates from domestic effluents. The determination of the level of E2 is thus very crucial in both wastewater treatment and in the aspect of environmental pollution management. In this work, an inherent and strong affinity of the estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) for E2 was used as a basis for the development of a biosensor that was highly selective towards E2 determination. A gold disk electrode (AuE) was functionalised with a 3-mercaptopropionic acid-capped tin selenide (SnSe-3MPA) quantum dot to produce a SnSe-3MPA/AuE electroactive sensor platform. The ER-α-based biosensor (ER-α/SnSe-3MPA/AuE) for E2 was produced by the amide chemistry of carboxyl functional groups of SnSe-3MPA quantum dots and the primary amines of ER-α. The ER-α/SnSe-3MPA/AuE receptor-based biosensor exhibited a formal potential (E0') value of 217 ± 12 mV, assigned as the redox potential for monitoring the E2 response using square-wave voltammetry (SWV). The response parameters of the receptor-based biosensor for E2 include a dynamic linear range (DLR) value of 1.0-8.0 nM (R2 = 0.99), a limit of detection (LOD) value of 1.69 nM (S/N = 3), and a sensitivity of 0.04 µA/nM. The biosensor exhibited high selectivity for E2 and good recoveries for E2 determination in milk samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abongile N. Jijana
- Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Private Bag X3015, Randburg, Johannesburg 2125, South Africa
- SensorLab (University of the Western Cape Sensor Laboratories), 4th Floor Chemical Sciences Building, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Usisipho Feleni
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Campus, P/Bag X6, Florida, Roodepoort, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa
| | - Peter M. Ndangili
- School of Chemistry and Material Science, The Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi P.O. Box 52428-00200, Kenya
| | - Mawethu Bilibana
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Rachel F. Ajayi
- SensorLab (University of the Western Cape Sensor Laboratories), 4th Floor Chemical Sciences Building, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Emmanuel I. Iwuoha
- SensorLab (University of the Western Cape Sensor Laboratories), 4th Floor Chemical Sciences Building, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
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Manaf BAA, Hong SP, Rizwan M, Arshad F, Gwenin C, Ahmed MU. Recent advancement in sensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen using nanomaterials based immunosensors. SURFACES AND INTERFACES 2023; 36:102596. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surfin.2022.102596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Mendrek B, Oleszko-Torbus N, Teper P, Kowalczuk A. Towards a modern generation of polymer surfaces: nano- and microlayers of star macromolecules and their design for applications in biology and medicine. Prog Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2023.101657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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41
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Azam T, Bukhari SH, Liaqat U, Miran W. Emerging Methods in Biosensing of Immunoglobin G-A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:676. [PMID: 36679468 PMCID: PMC9862834 DOI: 10.3390/s23020676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Human antibodies are produced due to the activation of immune system components upon exposure to an external agent or antigen. Human antibody G, or immunoglobin G (IgG), accounts for 75% of total serum antibody content. IgG controls several infections by eradicating disease-causing pathogens from the body through complementary interactions with toxins. Additionally, IgG is an important diagnostic tool for certain pathological conditions, such as autoimmune hepatitis, hepatitis B virus (HBV), chickenpox and MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella), and coronavirus-induced disease 19 (COVID-19). As an important biomarker, IgG has sparked interest in conducting research to produce robust, sensitive, selective, and economical biosensors for its detection. To date, researchers have used different strategies and explored various materials from macro- to nanoscale to be used in IgG biosensing. In this review, emerging biosensors for IgG detection have been reviewed along with their detection limits, especially electrochemical biosensors that, when coupled with nanomaterials, can help to achieve the characteristics of a reliable IgG biosensor. Furthermore, this review can assist scientists in developing strategies for future research not only for IgG biosensors but also for the development of other biosensing systems for diverse targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tehmina Azam
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Syed Hassan Bukhari
- College of Computational Sciences and Natural Sciences, Minerva University, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - Usman Liaqat
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Waheed Miran
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
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Baluta S, Romaniec M, Halicka-Stępień K, Alicka M, Pieła A, Pala K, Cabaj J. A Novel Strategy for Selective Thyroid Hormone Determination Based on an Electrochemical Biosensor with Graphene Nanocomposite. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:602. [PMID: 36679398 PMCID: PMC9861372 DOI: 10.3390/s23020602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a novel and selective electrochemical bioassay with antibody and laccase for the determination of free thyroid hormone (free triiodothyronine, fT3). The biosensor was based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with a Fe3O4@graphene nanocomposite with semiconducting properties, an antibody (anti-PDIA3) with high affinity for fT3, and laccase, which was responsible for catalyzing the redox reaction of fT3. The electrode modification procedure was investigated using a cyclic voltammetry technique, based on the response of the peak current after modifications. All characteristic working parameters of the developed biosensor were analyzed using differential pulse voltammetry. Obtained experimental results showed that the biosensor revealed a sensitive response to fT3 in a concentration range of 10-200 µM, a detection limit equal to 27 nM, and a limit of quantification equal to 45.9 nM. Additionally, the constructed biosensor was selective towards fT3, even in the presence of interference substances: ascorbic acid, tyrosine, and levothyroxine, and was applied for the analysis of fT3 in synthetic serum samples with excellent recovery results. The designed biosensor also exhibited good stability and can find application in future medical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Baluta
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marta Romaniec
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kinga Halicka-Stępień
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michalina Alicka
- Food4Future Technologies Sp. z o.o., ul. Tarasa Szewczenki 24, 51-351 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Pieła
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pala
- Food4Future Technologies Sp. z o.o., ul. Tarasa Szewczenki 24, 51-351 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Cabaj
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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Halvaei P, Zandi S, Zandi M. Biosensor as a novel alternative approach for early diagnosis of monkeypox virus. Int J Surg 2023; 109:50-52. [PMID: 36799792 PMCID: PMC10389343 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Halvaei
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies on Medicine
| | - Sajad Zandi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
| | - Milad Zandi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
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Liu Q, Xing Y, Pang X, Zhan K, Sun Y, Wang N, Hu X. Electrochemical immunosensor based on MOF for rapid detection of 6-benzyladenine in bean sprouts. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.105003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ozcelikay G, Mollarasouli F, Unal MA, Gucuyener K, Ozkan SA. Ultrasensitive Determination of Glial-Fibrillary-Acidic-Protein (GFAP) in Human Serum-Matrix with a Label-Free Impedimetric Immunosensor. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1165. [PMID: 36551133 PMCID: PMC9775015 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, immobilizing anti-GFAP antibodies via covalent attachment onto L-cysteine/gold nanoparticles that were modified with screen-printed carbon electrodes (Anti-GFAP/L-cys/AuNps/SPCE) resulted in the development of a sensitive label-free impedance immunosensor for the detection of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP). The immunosensor's stepwise construction was studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). L-cysteine was chosen as the linker between GFAP antibodies and Au NPs/SPCE because it enables the guided and stable immobilization of GFAP antibodies, thus resulting in increased immunosensor sensitivity. As a redox probe, 5 mM of [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- was used to measure the electron-transfer resistance (Ret), which was raised by the binding of antigens to the immobilized anti-GFAP on the surface of the modified electrode. A linear correlation between Rct and GFAP concentration was achieved under optimum conditions in the range of 1.0-1000.0 pg/mL, with an extraordinarily low detection limit of 51.0 fg/mL. The suggested immunosensor was successfully used to detect the presence of GFAP in human blood serum samples, yielding good findings. As a result, the proposed platform may be utilized to monitor central nervous system injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goksu Ozcelikay
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara 06560, Turkey
| | | | | | - Kıvılcım Gucuyener
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey
| | - Sibel A. Ozkan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara 06560, Turkey
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Štukovnik Z, Bren U. Recent Developments in Electrochemical-Impedimetric Biosensors for Virus Detection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415922. [PMID: 36555560 PMCID: PMC9788240 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses, including influenza viruses, MERS-CoV (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus), SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus), HAV (Hepatitis A virus), HBV (Hepatitis B virus), HCV (Hepatitis C virus), HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), EBOV (Ebola virus), ZIKV (Zika virus), and most recently SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), are responsible for many diseases that result in hundreds of thousands of deaths yearly. The ongoing outbreak of the COVID-19 disease has raised a global concern and intensified research on the detection of viruses and virus-related diseases. Novel methods for the sensitive, rapid, and on-site detection of pathogens, such as the recent SARS-CoV-2, are critical for diagnosing and treating infectious diseases before they spread and affect human health worldwide. In this sense, electrochemical impedimetric biosensors could be applied for virus detection on a large scale. This review focuses on the recent developments in electrochemical-impedimetric biosensors for the detection of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zala Štukovnik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Urban Bren
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška ulica 8, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Sensors, Beloruska ulica 7, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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Janik-Karpinska E, Ceremuga M, Niemcewicz M, Podogrocki M, Stela M, Cichon N, Bijak M. Immunosensors-The Future of Pathogen Real-Time Detection. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22249757. [PMID: 36560126 PMCID: PMC9785510 DOI: 10.3390/s22249757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Pathogens and their toxins can cause various diseases of different severity. Some of them may be fatal, and therefore early diagnosis and suitable treatment is essential. There are numerous available methods used for their rapid screening. Conventional laboratory-based techniques such as culturing, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are dominant. However, culturing still remains the "gold standard" for their identification. These methods have many advantages, including high sensitivity and selectivity, but also numerous limitations, such as long experiment-time, costly instrumentation, and the need for well-qualified personnel to operate the equipment. All these existing limitations are the reasons for the continuous search for a new solutions in the field of bacteria identification. For years, research has been focusing on the use of immunosensors in various types of toxin- and pathogen-detection. Compared to the conventional methods, immunosensors do not require well-trained personnel. What is more, immunosensors are quick, highly selective and sensitive, and possess the potential to significantly improve the pathogen and toxin diagnostic-processes. There is a very important potential use for them in various transport systems, where the risk of contamination by bioagents is very high. In this paper, the advances in the field of immunosensor usage in pathogenic microorganism- and toxin-detection, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Janik-Karpinska
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Michal Ceremuga
- Military Institute of Armored and Automotive Technology, Okuniewska 1, 05-070 Sulejowek, Poland
| | - Marcin Niemcewicz
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Podogrocki
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Maksymilian Stela
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Natalia Cichon
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Michal Bijak
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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Raeisi H, Azimirad M, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Yadegar A, Zali MR. Rapid-format recombinant antibody-based methods for the diagnosis of Clostridioides difficile infection: Recent advances and perspectives. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1043214. [PMID: 36523835 PMCID: PMC9744969 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1043214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile, the most common cause of nosocomial diarrhea, has been continuously reported as a worldwide problem in healthcare settings. Additionally, the emergence of hypervirulent strains of C. difficile has always been a critical concern and led to continuous efforts to develop more accurate diagnostic methods for detection of this recalcitrant pathogen. Currently, the diagnosis of C. difficile infection (CDI) is based on clinical manifestations and laboratory tests for detecting the bacterium and/or its toxins, which exhibit varied sensitivity and specificity. In this regard, development of rapid diagnostic techniques based on antibodies has demonstrated promising results in both research and clinical environments. Recently, application of recombinant antibody (rAb) technologies like phage display has provided a faster and more cost-effective approach for antibody production. The application of rAbs for developing ultrasensitive diagnostic tools ranging from immunoassays to immunosensors, has allowed the researchers to introduce new platforms with high sensitivity and specificity. Additionally, DNA encoding antibodies are directly accessible in these approaches, which enables the application of antibody engineering to increase their sensitivity and specificity. Here, we review the latest studies about the antibody-based ultrasensitive diagnostic platforms for detection of C. difficile bacteria, with an emphasis on rAb technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Raeisi
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Azimirad
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Madhu S, Ramasamy S, Choi J. Recent Developments in Electrochemical Sensors for the Detection of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121488. [PMID: 36558939 PMCID: PMC9786047 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of efficient point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tools for detecting infectious diseases caused by destructive pathogens plays an important role in clinical and environmental monitoring. Nevertheless, evolving complex and inconsistent antibiotic-resistant species mire their drug efficacy. In this regard, substantial effort has been expended to develop electrochemical sensors, which have gained significant interest for advancing POC testing with rapid and accurate detection of resistant bacteria at a low cost compared to conventional phenotype methods. This review concentrates on the recent developments in electrochemical sensing techniques that have been applied to assess the diverse latent antibiotic resistances of pathogenic bacteria. It deliberates the prominence of biorecognition probes and tailor-made nanomaterials used in electrochemical antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST). In addition, the bimodal functional efficacy of nanomaterials that can serve as potential transducer electrodes and the antimicrobial agent was investigated to meet the current requirements in designing sensor module development. In the final section, we discuss the challenges with contemporary AST sensor techniques and extend the key ideas to meet the demands of the next POC electrochemical sensors and antibiotic design modules in the healthcare sector.
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Blueprint for Impedance-based Electrochemical Biosensors as Bioengineered Tools in the Field of Nano-Diagnostics. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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