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Kim BS, Kim JU, Lee JW, Ryu KM, Koh RH, So KH, Hwang NS. Comparative analysis of supercritical fluid-based and chemical-based decellularization techniques for nerve tissue regeneration. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:1847-1863. [PMID: 38411258 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm02072j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Axon regeneration and Schwann cell proliferation are critical processes in the repair and functional recovery of damaged neural tissues. Biomaterials can play a crucial role in facilitating cell proliferative processes that can significantly impact the target tissue repair. Chemical decellularization and supercritical fluid-based decellularization methods are similar approaches that eliminate DNA from native tissues for tissue-mimetic biomaterial production by using different solvents and procedures to achieve the final products. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of these two methods in the context of nerve regeneration and neuron cell differentiation efficiency. We evaluated the efficacy of each method in terms of biomaterial quality, preservation of extracellular matrix components, promotion of neuronal cell differentiation and nerve tissue repair ability in vivo. Our results indicate that while both methods produce high-quality biomaterials, supercritical fluid-based methods have several advantages over conventional chemical decellularization, including better preservation of extracellular matrix components and mechanical properties and superior promotion of cellular responses. We conclude that supercritical fluid-based methods show great promise for biomaterial production for nerve regeneration and neuron cell differentiation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom-Seok Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Uk Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Woo Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Ryu
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Rachel H Koh
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ha So
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Bio-MAX Institute, Institute of Bio-Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Nathaniel S Hwang
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Bio-MAX Institute, Institute of Bio-Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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2
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Gu X, Rahman FS, Bendale G, Tran B, Miyata JF, Hernandez A, Anand S, Romero-Ortega MI. Pleiotrophin-Neuregulin1 promote axon regeneration and sorting in conduit repair of critical nerve gap injuries. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3429258. [PMID: 37986821 PMCID: PMC10659554 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3429258/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Significant challenges remain in the treatment of critical nerve gap injuries using artificial nerve conduits. We previously reported successful axon regeneration across a 40 mm nerve gap using a biosynthetic nerve implant (BNI) with multi-luminal synergistic growth factor release. However, axon sorting, remyelination, and functional recovery were limited. Neuregulin1 (NRG1) plays a significant role in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of Schwann cells (SCs) during development and after injury. We hypothesize that the release of NRG1 type III combined with pleiotrophin (PTN) in the BNI will enhance axon growth, remyelination, and function of regenerated nerves across a critical gap. A rabbit 40 mm peroneal gap injury model was used to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of BNIs containing either NRG1, PTN, or PTN+NRG1 growth factor release. We found that NRG1 treatment doubled the number of regenerated axons (1276±895) compared to empty controls (633±666) and PTN tripled this number (2270±989). NRG1 also significantly increased the number of SOX10+ Schwann cells in mid-conduit (20.42%±11.78%) and reduced the number of abnormal Remak axon bundles. The combination of PTN+NRG1 increased axon diameter (1.70±1.06) vs control (1.21±0.77) (p<0.01), with 15.35% of axons above 3 μm, comparable to autograft. However, the total number of remyelinated axons was not increased by the added NRG1 release, which correlated with absence of axonal NRG1 type III expression in the regenerated axons. Electrophysiological evaluation showed higher muscle force recruitment (23.8±16.0 mN vs 17.4±1.4 mN) and maximum evoked compound motor action potential (353 μV vs 37 μV) in PTN-NRG1 group versus control, which correlated with the improvement in the toe spread recovery observed in PTN-NRG1 treated animals (0.64±0.02) vs control (0.50±0.01). These results revealed the need of a combination of pro-regenerative and remyelinating growth factor combination therapy for the repair of critical nerve gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjian Gu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston TX 77204
| | - Farial S. Rahman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston TX 77204
| | - G Bendale
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston TX 77204
| | - B Tran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston TX 77204
| | - JF Miyata
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston TX 77204
| | - A Hernandez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston TX 77204
| | - S Anand
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston TX 77204
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Dahlin LB. The Dynamics of Nerve Degeneration and Regeneration in a Healthy Milieu and in Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15241. [PMID: 37894921 PMCID: PMC10607341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Appropriate animal models, mimicking conditions of both health and disease, are needed to understand not only the biology and the physiology of neurons and other cells under normal conditions but also under stress conditions, like nerve injuries and neuropathy. In such conditions, understanding how genes and different factors are activated through the well-orchestrated programs in neurons and other related cells is crucial. Knowledge about key players associated with nerve regeneration intended for axonal outgrowth, migration of Schwann cells with respect to suitable substrates, invasion of macrophages, appropriate conditioning of extracellular matrix, activation of fibroblasts, formation of endothelial cells and blood vessels, and activation of other players in healthy and diabetic conditions is relevant. Appropriate physical and chemical attractions and repulsions are needed for an optimal and directed regeneration and are investigated in various nerve injury and repair/reconstruction models using healthy and diabetic rat models with relevant blood glucose levels. Understanding dynamic processes constantly occurring in neuropathies, like diabetic neuropathy, with concomitant degeneration and regeneration, requires advanced technology and bioinformatics for an integrated view of the behavior of different cell types based on genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and imaging at different visualization levels. Single-cell-transcriptional profile analysis of different cells may reveal any heterogeneity among key players in peripheral nerves in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars B. Dahlin
- Department of Translational Medicine—Hand Surgery, Lund University, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden; ; Tel.: +46-40-33-17-24
- Department of Hand Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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Rodkin S, Nwosu C, Sannikov A, Raevskaya M, Tushev A, Vasilieva I, Gasanov M. The Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in Regulation of Cell Death following Neurotrauma and Related Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10742. [PMID: 37445920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Injuries of the central (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) are a serious problem of the modern healthcare system. The situation is complicated by the lack of clinically effective neuroprotective drugs that can protect damaged neurons and glial cells from death. In addition, people who have undergone neurotrauma often develop mental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases that worsen the quality of life up to severe disability and death. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gaseous signaling molecule that performs various cellular functions in normal and pathological conditions. However, the role of H2S in neurotrauma and mental disorders remains unexplored and sometimes controversial. In this large-scale review study, we examined the various biological effects of H2S associated with survival and cell death in trauma to the brain, spinal cord, and PNS, and the signaling mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of mental illnesses, such as cognitive impairment, encephalopathy, depression and anxiety disorders, epilepsy and chronic pain. We also studied the role of H2S in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). In addition, we reviewed the current state of the art study of H2S donors as neuroprotectors and the possibility of their therapeutic uses in medicine. Our study showed that H2S has great neuroprotective potential. H2S reduces oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and neuroinflammation; inhibits processes associated with apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis and pyroptosis; prevents the destruction of the blood-brain barrier; increases the expression of neurotrophic factors; and models the activity of Ca2+ channels in neurotrauma. In addition, H2S activates neuroprotective signaling pathways in psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. However, high levels of H2S can cause cytotoxic effects. Thus, the development of H2S-associated neuroprotectors seems to be especially relevant. However, so far, all H2S modulators are at the stage of preclinical trials. Nevertheless, many of them show a high neuroprotective effect in various animal models of neurotrauma and related disorders. Despite the fact that our review is very extensive and detailed, it is well structured right down to the conclusions, which will allow researchers to quickly find the proper information they are interested in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Rodkin
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine, Don State Technical University, 344000 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Chizaram Nwosu
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine, Don State Technical University, 344000 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Alexander Sannikov
- Department of Psychiatry, Rostov State Medical University, 344022 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Margarita Raevskaya
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine, Don State Technical University, 344000 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Alexander Tushev
- Neurosurgical Department, Rostov State Medical University Clinic, 344022 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Inna Vasilieva
- N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Polyclinic Therapy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mitkhat Gasanov
- Department of Internal Diseases #1, Rostov State Medical University, 344022 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
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Monroy GL, Erfanzadeh M, Tao M, DePaoli DT, Saytashev I, Nam SA, Rafi H, Kwong KC, Shea K, Vakoc BJ, Vasudevan S, Hammer DX. Development of polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography imaging platform and metrics to quantify electrostimulation-induced peripheral nerve injury in vivo in a small animal model. NEUROPHOTONICS 2023; 10:025004. [PMID: 37077218 PMCID: PMC10109528 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.10.2.025004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Significance Neuromodulation devices are rapidly evolving for the treatment of neurological diseases and conditions. Injury from implantation or long-term use without obvious functional losses is often only detectable through terminal histology. New technologies are needed that assess the peripheral nervous system (PNS) under normal and diseased or injured conditions. Aim We aim to demonstrate an imaging and stimulation platform that can elucidate the biological mechanisms and impacts of neurostimulation in the PNS and apply it to the sciatic nerve to extract imaging metrics indicating electrical overstimulation. Approach A sciatic nerve injury model in a 15-rat cohort was observed using a newly developed imaging and stimulation platform that can detect electrical overstimulation effects with polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. The sciatic nerve was electrically stimulated using a custom-developed nerve holder with embedded electrodes for 1 h, followed by a 1-h recovery period, delivered at above-threshold Shannon model k -values in experimental groups: sham control (SC, n = 5 , 0.0 mA / 0 Hz ), stimulation level 1 (SL1, n = 5 , 3.4 mA / 50 Hz , and k = 2.57 ), and stimulation level 2 (SL2, n = 5 , 6.8 mA / 100 Hz , and k = 3.17 ). Results The stimulation and imaging system successfully captured study data across the cohort. When compared to a SC after a 1-week recovery, the fascicle closest to the stimulation lead showed an average change of + 4 % / - 309 % (SL1/SL2) in phase retardation and - 79 % / - 148 % in optical attenuation relative to SC. Analysis of immunohistochemistry (IHC) shows a + 1 % / - 36 % difference in myelin pixel counts and - 13 % / + 29 % difference in axon pixel counts, and an overall increase in cell nuclei pixel count of + 20 % / + 35 % . These metrics were consistent with IHC and hematoxylin/eosin tissue section analysis. Conclusions The poststimulation changes observed in our study are manifestations of nerve injury and repair, specifically degeneration and angiogenesis. Optical imaging metrics quantify these processes and may help evaluate the safety and efficacy of neuromodulation devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo L. Monroy
- U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Division of Biomedical Physics, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States
| | - Mohsen Erfanzadeh
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Michael Tao
- U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Division of Biomedical Physics, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States
| | - Damon T. DePaoli
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Ilyas Saytashev
- U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Division of Biomedical Physics, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States
| | - Stephanie A. Nam
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Harmain Rafi
- U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Division of Biomedical Physics, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States
| | - Kasey C. Kwong
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Katherine Shea
- U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States
| | - Benjamin J. Vakoc
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Division of Health Science and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Srikanth Vasudevan
- U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Division of Biomedical Physics, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States
- Address all correspondence to Srikanth Vasudevan, ; Daniel X. Hammer,
| | - Daniel X. Hammer
- U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Division of Biomedical Physics, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States
- Address all correspondence to Srikanth Vasudevan, ; Daniel X. Hammer,
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6
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de Assis ACC, Reis ALS, Nunes LV, Ferreira LFR, Bilal M, Iqbal HMN, Soriano RN. Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering-Based Therapeutic Interventions: Promising Strategies to Improve Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:433-454. [PMID: 35107689 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01199-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Unlike the central nervous system, the peripheral one has the ability to regenerate itself after injury; however, this natural regeneration process is not always successful. In fact, even with some treatments, the prognosis is poor, and patients consequently suffer with the functional loss caused by injured nerves, generating several impacts on their quality of life. In the present review we aimed to address two strategies that may considerably potentiate peripheral nerve regeneration: stem cells and tissue engineering. In vitro studies have shown that pluripotent cells associated with neural scaffolds elaborated by tissue engineering can increase functional recovery, revascularization, remyelination, neurotrophin expression and reduce muscle atrophy. Although these results are very promising, it is important to note that there are some barriers to be circumvented: the host's immune response, the oncogenic properties attributed to stem cells and the duration of the pro-regenerative effects. After all, more studies are still needed to overcome the limitations of these treatments; those that address techniques for manipulating the lesion microenvironment combining different therapies seem to be the most promising and proactive ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Correa de Assis
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF-GV), 241 Manoel Byrro St., Governador Valadares, MG, 35032-620, Brazil
| | - Amanda Luiza Silva Reis
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF-GV), 241 Manoel Byrro St., Governador Valadares, MG, 35032-620, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Vieira Nunes
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF-JF), Eugênio do Nascimento Avenue, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36038-330, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Process Engineering, Tiradentes University (UNIT), 300 Murilo Dantas Ave., Aracaju, SE, 49032-490, Brazil
- Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Tiradentes University (UNIT), 300 Murilo Dantas Ave., Aracaju, SE, 49032-490, Brazil
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China.
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, CP 64849, Monterrey, NL , Mexico
| | - Renato Nery Soriano
- Division of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Basic Life Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF-GV), 1167 Moacir Paleta Ave., Governador Valadares, MG, 35020-360, Brazil.
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7
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Sharifi M, Farahani MK, Salehi M, Atashi A, Alizadeh M, Kheradmandi R, Molzemi S. Exploring the Physicochemical, Electroactive, and Biodelivery Properties of Metal Nanoparticles on Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:106-138. [PMID: 36545927 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite the advances in the regeneration/rehabilitation field of damaged tissues, the functional recovery of peripheral nerves (PNs), especially in a long gap injury, is considered a great medical challenge. Recent progress in nanomedicine has provided great hope for PN regeneration through the strategy of controlling cell behavior by metal nanoparticles individually or loaded on scaffolds/conduits. Despite the confirmed toxicity of metal nanoparticles due to long-term accumulation in nontarget tissues, they play a role in the damaged PN regeneration based on the topography modification of scaffolds/conduits, enhancing neurotrophic factor secretion, the ion flow improvement, and the regulation of electrical signals. Determining the fate of neural progenitor cells would be a major achievement in PN regeneration, which seems to be achievable by metal nanoparticles through altering cell vital approaches and controlling their functions. Therefore, in this literature, an attempt was made to provide an overview of the effective activities of metal nanoparticles on the PN regeneration, until the vital clues of the PN regeneration and how they are changed by metal nanoparticles are revealed to the researcher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Sharifi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, 3614773955, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, 3614773955, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kamalabadi Farahani
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, 3614773955, Iran
| | - Majid Salehi
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, 3614773955, Iran.,Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, 3614773955, Iran
| | - Amir Atashi
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, 3614773955, Iran
| | - Morteza Alizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, 3614773955, Iran
| | - Rasoul Kheradmandi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, 3614773955, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, 3614773955, Iran
| | - Sahar Molzemi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, 3614773955, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, 3614773955, Iran
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Bakhtiary S, Chegeni A, Babaeipour V, Omidi M, Keshel SH, Khodamoradi N. Culture and maintenance of neural progressive cells on cellulose acetate/graphene‑gold nanocomposites. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 210:63-75. [PMID: 35537583 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the first CA nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning under optimal conditions: flow rate of 0.5 ml/h, a voltage of 20 kV, electrospinning distance of 15 cm, and an internal temperature of 25 °C, and humidity of 38%. The used Graphene/gold nanoparticles for CA performance improvement were examined by TGA, XRD, and SEM analysis. Then the CA/graphene‑gold nanocomposite was synthesized under optimum electrospinning conditions: flow rate 3 ml/h, voltage 20 kV, electrospinning distance 15 cm, internal temperature 26 °C, and humidity 36%. The SEM images revealed that the nanofibers' thicknesses of Graphene‑gold NPs (CA1) and Chitosan (CA2) were 350 and 120 nm, respectively. The XRD diagrams of CA0, CA1 and CA2 revealed the peaks at 2θ, 8°, and 21° with Miller indices of (001) and (110) are related to CA (CA0), which proves its presence in other scaffolds. The FTIR analysis of samples indicated the presence of graphene‑gold NPs in scaffolding CA1 and CA2. The CA2 nanofibers exhibited a high-water absorption capacity of about 2500% with the water contact-angle and Swelling method. The antibacterial properties of this nanocomposite were also confirmed by an antibacterial test on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The growth of Schwann cells on three scaffolds showed the highest growth of cells on CA1 scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Bakhtiary
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-1774, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asma Chegeni
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-1774, Tehran, Iran
| | - Valiollah Babaeipour
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-1774, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Meisam Omidi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Heidari Keshel
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Khodamoradi
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-1774, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Mayilswamy N, Jaya Prakash N, Kandasubramanian B. Design and fabrication of biodegradable electrospun nanofibers loaded with biocidal agents. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2021.2021905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neelaambhigai Mayilswamy
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, Deemed University (DU), Pune, India
| | - Niranjana Jaya Prakash
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, Deemed University (DU), Pune, India
| | - Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, Deemed University (DU), Pune, India
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10
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Pandey S, Mudgal J. A Review on the Role of Endogenous Neurotrophins and Schwann Cells in Axonal Regeneration. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2022; 17:398-408. [PMID: 34843075 PMCID: PMC9810669 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-021-10034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Injury to the peripheral nerve is traditionally referred to acquired nerve injury as they are the result of physical trauma due to laceration, stretch, crush and compression of nerves. However, peripheral nerve injury may not be completely limited to acquired physical trauma. Peripheral nerve injury equally implies clinical conditions like Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), Carpal tunnel syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes. Physical trauma is commonly mono-neuropathic as it engages a single nerve and produces focal damage, while in the context of pathological conditions the damage is divergent involving a group of the nerve causing polyneuropathy. Damage to the peripheral nerve can cause a diverse range of manifestations from sensory impairment to loss of function with unpredictable recovery patterns. Presently no treatment option provides complete or functional recovery in nerve injury, as nerve cells are highly differentiated and inert to regeneration. However, the regenerative phenotypes in Schwann cells get expressed when a signalling cascade is triggered by neurotrophins. Neurotrophins are one of the promising biomolecules that are released naturally post-injury with the potential to exhibit better functional recovery. Pharmacological intervention modulating the expression of these neurotrophins such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) can prove to be a significant treatment option as endogenous compounds which may have remarkable innate advantage showing maximum 'biological relevance'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samyak Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India, 576104
| | - Jayesh Mudgal
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India, 576104.
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11
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Sohn EJ, Nam YK. The Transcription Factor TFCP2L1 is Associated with Myelination via miR708-5p Regulation in the Peripheral Nerve System. Neurochem Res 2021; 47:434-445. [PMID: 34581937 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03457-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in nerve injury and demyelination; however, their functions in peripheral nerves remain unclear. To determine the potential functions of miRNAs, an miRNA array was carried out. Here, miRNA array analysis of neuregulin-treated Schwann cells revealed 18 upregulated (> 2-fold) and 13 downregulated (> 2-fold) miRNAs. After sciatic nerve injury, miR708-5p was highly expressed in neuregulin-treated Schwann cells, whereas it was downregulated during postnatal development. A predicted functional interaction was found between miR708-5p and transcription factor CP2-like protein 1 (TFCP2L1) using a bioinformatics tool. This finding suggested that miR708-5p may regulate TFCP2L1. During sciatic nerve development, TFCP2L1 was upregulated on postnatal days 1 and 4, while it was downregulated after nerve axotomy and crush injury. Notably, TFCP2L1 was upregulated in cAMP-treated Schwann cells. We also found that activity of the myelin protein zero promoter was downregulated in TFCP2L1 siRNA-treated Schwann cells, whereas it was upregulated in TFCP2L1-overexpressing cells. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that TFCP2L1 was localized in Schwann cells. In addition, miR708-5p overexpression promoted migration of Schwann cells, while miR-708-5p inhibitor inhibited migration. miR708-5p inhibitor also blocked the migration of TFCP2L1 siRNA-treated Schwann cells. These findings indicate the functions of miR708-5p in TFCP2L1 regulation in the peripheral nervous system occur via regulation of Schwann cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Sohn
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea.
| | - Yun Kyung Nam
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
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12
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Repurposing Small Molecules to Target PPAR-γ as New Therapies for Peripheral Nerve Injuries. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091301. [PMID: 34572514 PMCID: PMC8465622 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The slow rate of neuronal regeneration that follows peripheral nerve repair results in poor recovery, particularly where reinnervation of muscles is delayed, leading to atrophy and permanent loss of function. There is a clear clinical need to develop drug treatments that can accelerate nerve regeneration safely, restoring connections before the target tissues deteriorate irreversibly. The identification that the Rho/Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) pathway acts to limit neuronal growth rate is a promising advancement towards the development of drugs. Targeting Rho or ROCK directly can act to suppress the activity of this pathway; however, the pathway can also be modulated through the activation of upstream receptors; one of particular interest being peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ). The connection between the PPAR-γ receptor and the Rho/ROCK pathway is the suppression of the conversion of inactive guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-Rho to active guanosine triphosphate GTP-Rho, resulting in the suppression of Rho/ROCK activity. PPAR-γ is known for its role in cellular metabolism that leads to cell growth and differentiation. However, more recently there has been a growing interest in targeting PPAR-γ in peripheral nerve injury (PNI). The localisation and expression of PPAR-γ in neural cells following a PNI has been reported and further in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that delivering PPAR-γ agonists following injury promotes nerve regeneration, leading to improvements in functional recovery. This review explores the potential of repurposing PPAR-γ agonists to treat PNI and their prospective translation to the clinic.
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13
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Jung JM, Chung CK, Kim CH, Yang SH, Won YI, Choi Y. Effects of Total Psoas Area Index on Surgical Outcomes of Single-Level Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion. World Neurosurg 2021; 154:e838-e845. [PMID: 34411761 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated the effect of the total psoas area index (TPAI = total psoas muscle area [cm2]/height squared [m2]) on neurological complications and clinical outcomes after lateral lumbar interbody fusion and identified the appropriate TPAI to achieve a substantial clinical benefit (SCB). METHODS A consecutive series of 123 patients who had undergone single-level lateral lumbar interbody fusion at a single center with ≥2 years of follow-up were retrospectively reviewed. The patient characteristics and operative data were evaluated. The neurological complications were classified as transient and persistent symptoms. The visual analog scale score for back pain was assessed preoperatively and at 1 and 2 years postoperatively. RESULTS The present study included 31 men and 92 women. The mean TPAI was 8.97 cm2/m2 for the men and 5.04 cm2/m2 for the women. The mean TPAI was not significantly different between the patients with and without perioperative neurological complications. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that solid interbody fusion was the most significant factor for achieving an SCB regarding back pain in men (odds ratio [OR], 2.453; P = 0.019) and women (OR, 2.906; P = 0.042). The TPAI was one of the predictors for achieving an SCB in men (OR, 1.251; P = 0.038) and women (OR, 1.795; P = 0.023). The optimal cutoff point of the TPAI for an SCB was 8.18 cm2/m2 for the men and 4.43 cm2/m2 for the women. CONCLUSIONS The TPAI had little effect on the incidence of perioperative neurological complications. However, the TPAI was identified as one of the predictors for achieving an SCB regarding back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Myung Jung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Spine Center, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Kee Chung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chi Heon Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Heon Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ii Won
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunhee Choi
- Division of Medical Statistics, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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14
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Zhao Y, Tian C, Wu P, Chen F, Xiao A, Ye Q, Shi X, Wang Z, Han X, Chen Y. Hydroxypropyl chitosan/soy isolate protein conduits promote peripheral nerve regeneration. Tissue Eng Part A 2021; 28:225-238. [PMID: 34375147 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2021.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Designing scaffolds, with optimized micro-structure and function for promoting the release of neuro-related factors, is significant in peripheral nerve regeneration. Herein, a series of hydroxypropyl chitosan/soy protein isolate composite sponges (HCSS) were fabricated by a freeze-drying technique. The physicochemical properties of the resultant HCSS were examined by a Fourier infrared spectrometer, X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, water absorption assay, water retention assay, and compressive strength assay. The results indicated that HCSS exhibited an interconnected porous micro-structure and a high water retention ratio with the increase in SPI content. The biological characterization found that the HCSS-50 containing 50% SPI content profoundly promoted the proliferation of RSC96 cells and the secretion of neuro-related factors without excessive ROS production. In addition, HCSS-50 could significantly promote the expression of neuro-related factors; for example, the expression of TGF-β was 3 times higher than that of the control group. Finally, an optimized HCSS-based conduit was fabricated from HCSS-50 to repair sciatic nerve injury in rats with the combination of BMSCs or BMSC-derived Schwann cells. The results suggested that the constructed HCSS-based conduit accompanying BMSC-derived Schwann cells could effectively promote axonal regeneration and upregulate expression of neuro-related factors such as Krox20, Zeb2, and GAP43. Collectively, a newly engineered nerve conduit system was developed by incorporating HCSS-50 and BMSC-derived Schwann cells, which could be an alternative candidate for peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhao
- Zhengzhou University First Affiliated Hospital, 191599, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 36841, Wuhan, China;
| | - Chuan Tian
- Zhengzhou University First Affiliated Hospital, 191599, Zhengzhou, Henan, China;
| | - Ping Wu
- Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 36841, Wuhan, China;
| | - Feixiang Chen
- Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 36841, Wuhan, China;
| | - Ao Xiao
- Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 36841, Wuhan, China;
| | - Qifa Ye
- Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, 89674, Wuhan, Hubei , China;
| | - Xiaowen Shi
- Wuhan University, 12390, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan, Hubei , China;
| | - Zijian Wang
- Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 36841, Wuhan, China;
| | - Xinwei Han
- Zhengzhou University First Affiliated Hospital, 191599, Zhengzhou, Henan, China;
| | - Yun Chen
- Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 36841, 115 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, China, Wuhan, China, 430071;
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15
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Rafiq S, Jeppesen PB. Insulin Resistance Is Inversely Associated with the Status of Vitamin D in Both Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Populations. Nutrients 2021; 13:1742. [PMID: 34063822 PMCID: PMC8224049 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D has been implicated in the regulation of glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. We designed this study to provide evidence that insulin resistance is dependent on the concentration of vitamin D in the body. Forty observational studies of both type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and healthy subjects were included in this meta-analysis. Related articles were searched from Embase, PubMed, and Medline through January 2021. Filters for search were used to obtain more focused results. We used Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 3 for the construction of forest plots. RevMan software version 5.3 was used to build the risk of bias tables and summary plots. The observational studies included in this systematic review and meta-analysis showed an inverse relationship of insulin resistance with the status of vitamin D both in non-diabetic (r = -0.188; 95% CI = -0.141 to -0.234; p = 0.000) and diabetic (r = -0.255; 95% CI = -0.392 to -0.107, p = 0.001) populations. From the meta-analysis we concluded that hypovitaminosis D is related to increased levels of insulin resistance in both type 2 diabetes patients and the healthy population all over the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamaila Rafiq
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark;
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16
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Yingsakmongkol W, Wathanavasin W, Jitpakdee K, Singhatanadgige W, Limthongkul W, Kotheeranurak V. Psoas Major Muscle Volume Does Not Affect the Postoperative Thigh Symptoms in XLIF Surgery. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11030357. [PMID: 33799645 PMCID: PMC7999586 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11030357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) is a minimally invasive surgery that accesses the lumbar spine through the psoas muscle. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between the psoas major muscle volume and anterior thigh symptoms after XLIF. Methods: Eighty-one patients (mean age 63 years) with degenerative spine diseases underwent XLIF (total = 94 levels). Thirty-eight patients were female (46.9%), and 24 patients (29.6%) had a history of lumbar surgery. Supplemental pedicle screws were used in 48 patients, and lateral plates were used in 28 patients. Neuromonitoring devices were used in all cases. The patients were classified into two groups (presence of thigh symptoms and no thigh symptoms after the surgery). The psoas major volumes were measured and calculated by CT (computed tomography) scan and compared between the two patient groups. Results: In the first 24 h after surgery, 32 patients (39.5%) had thigh symptoms (20 reported pain, 9 reported numbness, and 18 reported weakness). At one year postoperatively, only 3 of 32 patients (9.4%) had persistent symptoms. Conclusions: As a final observation, no statistically significant difference in the mean psoas major volume was found between the group of patients with new postoperative anterior thigh symptoms and those with no thigh symptoms. Preoperative psoas major muscle volume seems not to correlate with postoperative anterior thigh symptoms after XLIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wicharn Yingsakmongkol
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (Thai Red Cross Society), Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (W.Y.); (W.S.); (W.L.)
| | - Waranyoo Wathanavasin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Somdej Phra Phutthaloetla Hospital, Mae Klong, Samut Songkram 75000, Thailand;
| | - Khanathip Jitpakdee
- Department of Orthopedics, Queen Savang Vadhana Memorial Hospital (Thai Red Cross Society), Sriracha, Chonburi 20110, Thailand;
| | - Weerasak Singhatanadgige
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (Thai Red Cross Society), Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (W.Y.); (W.S.); (W.L.)
| | - Worawat Limthongkul
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (Thai Red Cross Society), Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (W.Y.); (W.S.); (W.L.)
| | - Vit Kotheeranurak
- Department of Orthopedics, Queen Savang Vadhana Memorial Hospital (Thai Red Cross Society), Sriracha, Chonburi 20110, Thailand;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-383-20-200
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17
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Pridmore MD, Glassman GE, Pollins AC, Manzanera Esteve IV, Drolet BC, Weikert DR, Does MD, Perdikis G, Thayer WP, Dortch RD. Initial findings in traumatic peripheral nerve injury and repair with diffusion tensor imaging. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2021; 8:332-347. [PMID: 33403827 PMCID: PMC7886047 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Management of peripheral nerve injuries requires physicians to rely on qualitative measures from patient history, electromyography, and physical exam. Determining a successful nerve repair can take months to years for proximal injuries, and the resulting delays in clinical decision-making can lead to a negative impact on patient outcomes. Early identification of a failed nerve repair could prevent permanent muscle atrophy and loss of function. This study aims to test the feasibility of performing diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to evaluate injury and recovery following repair of wrist trauma. We hypothesize that DTI provides a noninvasive and reliable assessment of regeneration, which may improve clinical decision-making and alter the clinical course of surgical interventions. METHODS Clinical and MRI measurements from subjects with traumatic peripheral nerve injury, carpal tunnel syndrome, and healthy control subjects were compared to evaluate the relationship between DTI metrics and injury severity. RESULTS Fractional anisotropy from DTI was sensitive to differences between damaged and healthy nerves, damaged and compressed nerves, and injured and healthy contralateral nerves. Longitudinal measurements in two injury subjects also related to clinical outcomes. Implications of other diffusion measures are also discussed. INTERPRETATION DTI is a sensitive tool for wrist nerve injuries and can be utilized for monitoring nerve recovery. Across three subjects with nerve injuries, this study has shown how DTI can detect abnormalities between injured and healthy nerves, measure recovery, and determine if re-operation was successful. Additional comparisons to carpal tunnel syndrome and healthy nerves show that DTI is sensitive to the degree of impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Pridmore
- Vanderbilt Institute for Imaging ScienceVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Gabriella E. Glassman
- Department of Plastic SurgeryVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Alonda C. Pollins
- Department of Plastic SurgeryVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | | | - Brian C. Drolet
- Department of Plastic SurgeryVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Douglas R. Weikert
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Mark D. Does
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Galen Perdikis
- Department of Plastic SurgeryVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Wesley P. Thayer
- Department of Plastic SurgeryVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Richard D. Dortch
- Vanderbilt Institute for Imaging ScienceVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of Neuroimaging ResearchBarrow Neurological InstitutePhoenixArizonaUSA
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18
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Zhang RC, Du WQ, Zhang JY, Yu SX, Lu FZ, Ding HM, Cheng YB, Ren C, Geng DQ. Mesenchymal stem cell treatment for peripheral nerve injury: a narrative review. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2170-2176. [PMID: 33818489 PMCID: PMC8354135 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.310941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries occur as the result of sudden trauma and lead to reduced quality of life. The peripheral nervous system has an inherent capability to regenerate axons. However, peripheral nerve regeneration following injury is generally slow and incomplete that results in poor functional outcomes such as muscle atrophy. Although conventional surgical procedures for peripheral nerve injuries present many benefits, there are still several limitations including scarring, difficult accessibility to donor nerve, neuroma formation and a need to sacrifice the autologous nerve. For many years, other therapeutic approaches for peripheral nerve injuries have been explored, the most notable being the replacement of Schwann cells, the glial cells responsible for clearing out debris from the site of injury. Introducing cultured Schwann cells to the injured sites showed great benefits in promoting axonal regeneration and functional recovery. However, there are limited sources of Schwann cells for extraction and difficulties in culturing Schwann cells in vitro. Therefore, novel therapeutic avenues that offer maximum benefits for the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries should be investigated. This review focused on strategies using mesenchymal stem cells to promote peripheral nerve regeneration including exosomes of mesenchymal stem cells, nerve engineering using the nerve guidance conduits containing mesenchymal stem cells, and genetically engineered mesenchymal stem cells. We present the current progress of mesenchymal stem cell treatment of peripheral nerve injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Cheng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wen-Qi Du
- Department of Human Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shao-Xia Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fang-Zhi Lu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hong-Mei Ding
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan-Bo Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chao Ren
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - De-Qin Geng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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19
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Tiong YL, Ng KY, Koh RY, Ponnudurai G, Chye SM. Melatonin promotes Schwann cell dedifferentiation and proliferation through the Ras/Raf/ERK and MAPK pathways, and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor expression. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:16. [PMID: 32934681 PMCID: PMC7471953 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon peripheral nerve injury (PNI), continuous proliferation of Schwann cells is critical for axon regeneration and tubular reconstruction for nerve regeneration. Melatonin is a hormone that is able to induce proliferation in various cell types. In the present study, the effects of melatonin on promoting Schwann cell proliferation and the molecular mechanism involved were investigated. The present results showed that melatonin enhanced the melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) expression in Schwann cells. Melatonin induced Schwann cell dedifferentiation into progenitor-like Schwann cells, as observed by immunofluorescence staining, which showed Sox2 marker expression. In addition, melatonin enhanced Schwann cell proliferation, mediated by the upregulation of glial cell-derived neurotropic factor (GNDF) and protein kinase C (PKC). Furthermore, the Ras/Raf/ERK and MAPK signaling pathways were also involved in Schwann cell dedifferentiation and proliferation. In conclusion, melatonin induced Schwann cell dedifferentiation and proliferation via the Ras/Raf/ERK, MAPK and GDNF/PKC pathways. The present results suggested that melatonin could be used to enhance the recovery of PNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Lian Tiong
- School of Postgraduate, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Khuen Yen Ng
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Rhun Yian Koh
- School of Health Science, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | | | - Soi Moi Chye
- School of Health Science, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
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20
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Neves M, Tavares ALF, Reginato A, Kakihata CMM, Bertolini GRF, Ribeiro LFC. Low-Level Laser Therapy in Different Wavelengths on the Tibialis Anterior Muscle of Wistar Rats After Nerve Compression Injury. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2020; 43:700-707. [PMID: 32896420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Traumatic injuries are common and may promote disruption of neuromuscular communication, triggering phenomena that lead to nerve degeneration and affect muscle function. A laser accelerates tissue recovery; however, the parameters used are varied, making it difficult to compare studies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of low-level laser therapy, at 660- and 830-nm wavelengths, on the tibialis anterior muscle of Wistar rats after sciatic nerve compression. METHODS Twenty animals were separated into 4 groups: control, sciatic nerve injury, lesion + 660-nm laser, and lesion + 830-nm laser. In the lesion groups, the right sciatic nerve was surgically exposed and compressed with hemostatic forceps for 30 seconds. After the third postoperative day, the groups with laser therapy were submitted to treatment for 2 weeks totaling 10 applications, performed directly on the surgical scar of the nerve injury. Grip strength was analyzed before and after the nerve injury and during the treatment period. The tibialis anterior muscle was processed for light microscopy, area measurement, smaller diameter, number of fibers, nuclei, and connective tissue. RESULTS The animals submitted to the injury experienced muscular atrophy and morphological changes in the number of muscle fibers and nuclei. In the connective tissue morphometry, there was a decrease in the treated groups compared with the untreated groups. CONCLUSION The laser treatment at different wavelengths showed no improvement in the tibialis anterior muscle of Wistar rats within the morphological and functional aspects evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgana Neves
- Graduate Program in Biosciences and Health, State University of Western Paraná (Unioeste), Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alana L F Tavares
- Graduate Program in Biosciences and Health, State University of Western Paraná (Unioeste), Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Aline Reginato
- Graduate Program in Biosciences and Health, State University of Western Paraná (Unioeste), Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Camila M M Kakihata
- Graduate Program in Biosciences and Health, State University of Western Paraná (Unioeste), Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gladson R F Bertolini
- Graduate Program in Biosciences and Health, State University of Western Paraná (Unioeste), Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Lucinéia F C Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Biosciences and Health, State University of Western Paraná (Unioeste), Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
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21
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Lemaitre D, Hurtado ML, De Gregorio C, Oñate M, Martínez G, Catenaccio A, Wishart TM, Court FA. Collateral Sprouting of Peripheral Sensory Neurons Exhibits a Unique Transcriptomic Profile. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4232-4249. [PMID: 32696431 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01986-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries result in motor and sensory dysfunction which can be recovered by compensatory or regenerative processes. In situations where axonal regeneration of injured neurons is hampered, compensation by collateral sprouting from uninjured neurons contributes to target reinnervation and functional recovery. Interestingly, this process of collateral sprouting from uninjured neurons has been associated with the activation of growth-associated programs triggered by Wallerian degeneration. Nevertheless, the molecular alterations at the transcriptomic level associated with these compensatory growth mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. We generated a surgical model of partial sciatic nerve injury in mice to mechanistically study degeneration-induced collateral sprouting from spared fibers in the peripheral nervous system. Using next-generation sequencing and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, we described the sprouting-associated transcriptome of uninjured sensory neurons and compare it with the activated by regenerating neurons. In vitro approaches were used to functionally assess sprouting gene candidates in the mechanisms of axonal growth. Using a novel animal model, we provide the first description of the sprouting transcriptome observed in uninjured sensory neurons after nerve injury. This collateral sprouting-associated transcriptome differs from that seen in regenerating neurons, suggesting a molecular program distinct from axonal growth. We further demonstrate that genetic upregulation of novel sprouting-associated genes activates a specific growth program in vitro, leading to increased neuronal branching. These results contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with collateral sprouting in vivo. The data provided here will therefore be instrumental in developing therapeutic strategies aimed at promoting functional recovery after injury to the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Lemaitre
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Fisiología Celular e Integrativa, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Cristian De Gregorio
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maritza Oñate
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriela Martínez
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,FONDAP Center for Geroscience (GERO) Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Catenaccio
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Felipe A Court
- FONDAP Center for Geroscience (GERO) Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile. .,Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile. .,Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA.
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22
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Helbing DL, Schulz A, Morrison H. Pathomechanisms in schwannoma development and progression. Oncogene 2020; 39:5421-5429. [PMID: 32616891 PMCID: PMC7410823 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1374-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Schwannomas are tumors of the peripheral nervous system, consisting of different cell types. These include tumorigenic Schwann cells, axons, macrophages, T cells, fibroblasts, blood vessels, and an extracellular matrix. All cell types involved constitute an intricate “tumor microenvironment” and play relevant roles in the development and progression of schwannomas. Although Nf2 tumor suppressor gene-deficient Schwann cells are the primary tumorigenic element and principle focus of current research efforts, evidence is accumulating regarding the contributory roles of other cell types in schwannoma pathology. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of intra- and intercellular mechanisms contributing to schwannoma formation. “Genes load the gun, environment pulls the trigger.” -George A. Bray
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario-Lucas Helbing
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, 07745, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Schulz
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, 07745, Jena, Germany.,MVZ Human Genetics, 99084, Erfurt, Germany
| | - Helen Morrison
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, 07745, Jena, Germany.
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Seyedebrahimi R, Razavi S, Varshosaz J, Vatankhah E, Kazemi M. Beneficial effects of biodelivery of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and gold nanoparticles from functionalized electrospun PLGA scaffold for nerve tissue engineering. J CLUST SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-020-01822-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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24
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Grove M, Lee H, Zhao H, Son YJ. Axon-dependent expression of YAP/TAZ mediates Schwann cell remyelination but not proliferation after nerve injury. eLife 2020; 9:50138. [PMID: 32436841 PMCID: PMC7259960 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously we showed that YAP/TAZ promote not only proliferation but also differentiation of immature Schwann cells (SCs), thereby forming and maintaining the myelin sheath around peripheral axons (Grove et al., 2017). Here we show that YAP/TAZ are required for mature SCs to restore peripheral myelination, but not to proliferate, after nerve injury. We find that YAP/TAZ dramatically disappear from SCs of adult mice concurrent with axon degeneration after nerve injury. They reappear in SCs only if axons regenerate. YAP/TAZ ablation does not impair SC proliferation or transdifferentiation into growth promoting repair SCs. SCs lacking YAP/TAZ, however, fail to upregulate myelin-associated genes and completely fail to remyelinate regenerated axons. We also show that both YAP and TAZ are redundantly required for optimal remyelination. These findings suggest that axons regulate transcriptional activity of YAP/TAZ in adult SCs and that YAP/TAZ are essential for functional regeneration of peripheral nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Grove
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center and Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Hyunkyoung Lee
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center and Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Huaqing Zhao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Young-Jin Son
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center and Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
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25
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Malanotte JA, Ribeiro LDFC, Peretti AL, Kakihata CMM, Potulsky A, Guimarães ATB, Bertolini GRF, Nassar PO, Nassar CA. Low-Level Laser Effect on Peripheral Sciatic Regeneration Under the Systemic Inflammatory Condition of Periodontal Disease. J Lasers Med Sci 2020; 11:56-64. [PMID: 32099628 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2020.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Periodontal disease (PD) is an inflammatory condition, which leads to tooth loss and promotes a systemic inflammatory state that can aggravate the nerve degeneration. As laser therapy may stimulate regeneration, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of the low-level laser (LLL) on peripheral nerve regeneration under the systemic inflammatory condition of PD. Methods: Thirry-two male rats were used, distributed in 4 groups: nerve injury (NIG); periodontal disease with nerve injury (PDNI); nerve injury and treatment (TNIG); periodontal disease with nerve injury and treatment (PDNIT). On the 7th day of the experiment, the animals had ligatures placed around the lower first molars. On the 22nd day, they underwent peripheral nerve damage, and on the 25th day, the LLL treatment was initiated, performed for two weeks. The sciatic functional index (SFI) was evaluated with subsequent euthanasia of all the animals on the 37th day of the experiment. The sciatic nerve was collected for morphological and oxidative stress analysis and the hemi jaws for radiographic analysis. Results: Regarding the SFI, there was no difference among the groups in the first evaluation (EV) pre-injury; as for theEV2, after injury, all the groups presented a decrease in these values, which remained in post-treatment. For the morphology of the PDNI, nerve tissue presented larger diameter fibers, whereas, for NIT and PDNIT, fibers had smaller diameters with endoneurial organization. When it comes to the antioxidant system, there was an increase in protein concentration, higher superoxide activity, and decreased glutathione transferase activity in the treated groups. Catalase and cholinesterase did not differ between the groups, and lipoperoxidation (LPO) increased in the PD groups. For the mandible radiographic analysis, it was possible to verify the induction of PD. Conclusion: As for the used parameters, the low-level laser was not effective in increasing the nociceptive threshold, but it contributed to the regeneration of nerve fibers, although the inflammation was still present in the site. However, the treatment was effective in protecting cells against oxidative damage due to increased SOD and increased protein, although the decrease in GST demonstrates the inhibition of this stage of the antioxidant system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Luiza Peretti
- Biosciences and Health, Western Paraná State University (UNIOESTE), Cascavel, Brazil
| | | | - Andrey Potulsky
- Agroecology and Sustainable Rural Development, Federal University of Southern Border - UFFS, Laranjeiras do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Carlos Augusto Nassar
- Biosciences and Health, Western Paraná State University (UNIOESTE), Cascavel, Brazil
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26
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Su YC, Lee CY, Chang CY, Chen LC, Wu YT. Efficacy of Nerve Hydrodissection With 5% Dextrose in Chronic Meralgia Paresthetica. Pain Pract 2019; 20:566-567. [PMID: 31885138 DOI: 10.1111/papr.12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Su
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yi Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Ya Chang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Liang-Cheng Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yung-Tsan Wu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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27
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Pawitan JA, Margiana R, Aman RA, Jusuf AA, Ibrahim N, Wibowo H. The effect of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium on the peripheral nerve regeneration of injured rats. ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/115468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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28
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Debastiani JC, Santana Junior A, Tavares ALDF, Costa JRGD, Machado LGV, Kunz RI, Ribeiro LDFC, Costa RM, Bertolini GRF. THE ACTION OF SERICIN PROTEIN ON INITIAL NERVE REPAIR, ASSOCIATED OR NOT WITH SWIMMING IN WISTAR RATS. COLUNA/COLUMNA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/s1808-185120191804181924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the effects of sericin treatment, associated or not with swimming with load exercise, on initial sciatic nerve repair after compression in Wistar rats. Methods: Forty animals were divided into five groups: control, injury, injury-sericin, injury-swimming and injury-sericin-swimming. During the axonotmesis procedure, the sericin was applied to the injury-sericin and injury-sericin-swimming groups. The injury-swimming and injury-sericin-swimming groups performed the swimming with load exercise for five days, beginning on the third postoperative day (PO), and were evaluated for function, nociception and allodynia. Euthanasia was performed on the 8th PO day and fragments of the nerve were collected and prepared for quantitative and descriptive analysis in relation to the total amount of viable nerve fibers and non-viable nerve fibers, nerve fiber diameter, axon diameter and myelin sheath thickness. Results: There was no significant improvement in the sciatic functional index up to the eighth day. The Von Frey test of the surgical scar and plantar fascia indicated a reduction in pain and allodynia for the injury-swimming and injury-sericin-swimming groups. The morphological analysis presented similar characteristics in the injury-sericin, injury-swimming and injury-sericin-swimming groups, but there was a significant difference in the number of smaller non-viable nerve fibers in the injury-swimming and injury-sericin-swimming groups as compared to the others. Conclusions: Isolated sericin protein presented proinflammatory characteristics. There was improvement of allodynia and a decrease in the pain at the site of the surgical incision, possibly linked to an aquatic effect. There was no acceleration of nerve repair on the eighth day after the injury. Level of Evidence I; High quality randomized clinical trial with or without statistically significant difference, but with narrow confidence intervals.
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Hackett AR, Strickland A, Milbrandt J. Disrupting insulin signaling in Schwann cells impairs myelination and induces a sensory neuropathy. Glia 2019; 68:963-978. [PMID: 31758725 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although diabetic mice have been studied for decades, little is known about the cell type specific contributions to diabetic neuropathy (DN). Schwann cells (SCs) myelinate and provide trophic support to peripheral nervous system axons. Altered SC metabolism leads to myelin defects, which can be seen both in inherited and DNs. How SC metabolism is altered in DN is not fully understood, but it is clear that insulin resistance underlies impaired lipid metabolism in many cell types throughout the body via the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase b (PKB)/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) pathway. Here, we created an insulin resistant SC by deleting both insulin receptor (INSR) and insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF1R), to determine the role of this signaling pathway in development and response to injury in order to understand SC defects in DN. We found that myelin is thinner throughout development and adulthood in INSR/IGF1R Schwann cell specific knock out mice. The nerves of these mutant mice had reduced expression of key genes that mediate fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis due to reduced mTOR-sterol regulatory element-binding protein signaling. In adulthood, these mice show sensory neuropathy phenotypes reminiscent of diabetic mice. Altogether, these data suggest that SCs may play an important role in DN and targeting their metabolism could lead to new therapies for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber R Hackett
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Amy Strickland
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Jeffrey Milbrandt
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
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30
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Rayner MLD, Brown HL, Wilcox M, Phillips JB, Quick TJ. Quantifying regeneration in patients following peripheral nerve injury. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2019; 73:201-208. [PMID: 31831264 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Healthy nerve function provides humans with the control of movement; sensation (such as pain, touch and temperature) and the quality of skin, hair and nails. Injury to this complex system creates a deficit in function, which is slow to recover, and rarely, if ever, returns to what patients consider to be normal. Despite promising results in pre-clinical animal experimentation effective translation is challenged by a current inability to quantify nerve regeneration in human subjects and relate this to measurable and responsible clinical outcomes. In animal models, muscle and nerve tissue samples can be harvested following experimental intervention. This allows direct quantification of muscle mass and quality and quantity of regeneration of axons; such an approach is not applicable in human medicine as it would ensure a significant functional deficit. Nevertheless a greater understanding of this process would allow the relationship that exists between neural and neuromuscular regeneration and functional outcome to be more clearly understood. This article presents a combined commentary of current practice from a specialist clinical unit and research team with regard to laboratory and clinical quantification of nerve regeneration. We highlight how electrophysiological diagnostic methods (which are used with significant recognised limitations in the assessment of clinical medicine) can potentially be used with more validity to interpret and assess the processes of neural regeneration in the clinical context, thus throwing light on the factors at play in translating lab advances into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L D Rayner
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury, London WC1N 1AX, UK; UCL Centre for Nerve Engineering, London, UK.
| | - H L Brown
- UCL Centre for Nerve Engineering, London, UK; Peripheral Nerve Injury Unit Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, London, UK
| | - M Wilcox
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury, London WC1N 1AX, UK; UCL Centre for Nerve Engineering, London, UK; Peripheral Nerve Injury Unit Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, London, UK
| | - J B Phillips
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury, London WC1N 1AX, UK; UCL Centre for Nerve Engineering, London, UK
| | - T J Quick
- UCL Centre for Nerve Engineering, London, UK; Peripheral Nerve Injury Unit Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, London, UK
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Functional Recovery Occurs Even After Partial Remyelination of Axon-Meshed Median and Ulnar Nerves in Mice. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2230-2236. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02863-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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32
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Pyatin VF, Tuturov AO. [Significance of the composition of conduit internal environment for the activation of axon growth in patients with extended peripheral nerve defects]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019; 119:100-105. [PMID: 31156230 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2019119041100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The recovery of peripheral nerves after injury is an urgent medical problem. Despite the advances in microsurgery techniques, it is still not possible to achieve complete holistic and functional recovery. It is more difficult to repair neural tissue after injury if there is a diastasis between the injured ends nerves. In this case, neurorraphy can not be carried out due to the eruption of the filaments in tension and convergence of proximal and distal ends of the axon. Modern tactics of restoration of extended defects of nerves involves the use of conduits - cylindrical conductors, overlapping posttraumatic diastasis, in order to create a vector of regeneration from the proximal part of the nerve to the distal. An ideal conduit should contain an internal environment that stimulates the recovery processes of nerve fibers. At present, there is no unified approach involving the use of a certain natural or artificial conduit environment. The review analyzes the regenerative potential of the internal environments of conduits as the most promising in modern biotechnologies for the reconstruction of extended peripheral nerve defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- V F Pyatin
- Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
| | - A O Tuturov
- Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
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33
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The High-Frequency Ultrasound Detection of Rat Sciatic Nerve in a Crushed Injury Model. Ultrasound Q 2019; 35:120-124. [DOI: 10.1097/ruq.0000000000000370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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34
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Hercher D, Kerbl M, Schuh CMAP, Heinzel J, Gal L, Stainer M, Schmidhammer R, Hausner T, Redl H, Nógrádi A, Hacobian A. Spatiotemporal Differences in Gene Expression Between Motor and Sensory Autografts and Their Effect on Femoral Nerve Regeneration in the Rat. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:182. [PMID: 31139050 PMCID: PMC6519304 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the outcome after autologous nerve grafting in the clinic, it is important to understand the limiting variables such as distinct phenotypes of motor and sensory Schwann cells. This study investigated the properties of phenotypically different autografts in a 6 mm femoral nerve defect model in the rat, where the respective femoral branches distally of the inguinal bifurcation served as homotopic, or heterotopic autografts. Axonal regeneration and target reinnervation was analyzed by gait analysis, electrophysiology, and wet muscle mass analysis. We evaluated regeneration-associated gene expression between 5 days and 10 weeks after repair, in the autografts as well as the proximal, and distal segments of the femoral nerve using qRT-PCR. Furthermore we investigated expression patterns of phenotypically pure ventral and dorsal roots. We identified highly significant differences in gene expression of a variety of regeneration-associated genes along the central – peripheral axis in healthy femoral nerves. Phenotypically mismatched grafting resulted in altered spatiotemporal expression of neurotrophic factor BDNF, GDNF receptor GFRα1, cell adhesion molecules Cadm3, Cadm4, L1CAM, and proliferation associated Ki67. Although significantly higher quadriceps muscle mass following homotopic nerve grafting was measured, we did not observe differences in gait analysis, and electrophysiological parameters between treatment paradigms. Our study provides evidence for phenotypic commitment of autologous nerve grafts after injury and gives a conclusive overview of temporal expression of several important regeneration-associated genes after repair with sensory or motor graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hercher
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Kerbl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina M A P Schuh
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Johannes Heinzel
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - László Gal
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Michaela Stainer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Schmidhammer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Hausner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Redl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antal Nógrádi
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ara Hacobian
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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Chang S, Makarenko S, Despot I, Dong C, Westerberg BD, Akagami R. Differential Recovery in Early- and Late-Onset Delayed Facial Palsy Following Vestibular Schwannoma Resection. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2019; 18:34-40. [DOI: 10.1093/ons/opz083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBACKGROUNDDelayed facial palsy (DFP) after resection of vestibular schwannomas (VS) is worsening of facial nerve function after an initially normal postoperative result.OBJECTIVETo characterize different types of DFP, compare recovery rates, and review of series of outcomes in patients following resection of VS.METHODSBetween 2001 and 2017, 434 patients (51% female) with VS underwent resection. We categorized the patients who developed facial palsy into groups based on timing of onset after surgery, immediate facial palsy (IFP), early-onset DFP (within 48 h), and late-onset DFP (after 48 h). Introduction of facial nerve motor-evoked potentials (fMEP) in 2002 and a change of practice utilizing perioperative minocycline in 2005 allowed for historical analysis of these interventions.RESULTSMean age of study cohort was 49.1 yr (range 13-81 yr), with 19.8% developing facial palsy. The late-onset DFP group demonstrated a significantly faster recovery than the early-onset DFP group (2.8 ± 0.5 vs 47 ± 8 wk, P < .0001), had prolonged latency to palsy onset after initiating perioperative minocycline (7.3 vs 12.5 d, P = .001), and had a nonsignificant trend towards faster recovery from facial palsy with use of minocycline (2.6 vs 3.4 wk, P = .11).CONCLUSIONGiven the timings, it is likely axonal degeneration is responsible for early-onset DFP, while demyelination and remyelination lead to faster facial nerve recovery in late-onset DFP. Reported anti-apoptotic properties of minocycline could account for the further delay in onset of DFP, and possibly reduce the rate and duration of DFP in the surgical cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephano Chang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Serge Makarenko
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ivan Despot
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Charles Dong
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Brian D Westerberg
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ryojo Akagami
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Yousefi F, Lavi Arab F, Nikkhah K, Amiri H, Mahmoudi M. Novel approaches using mesenchymal stem cells for curing peripheral nerve injuries. Life Sci 2019; 221:99-108. [PMID: 30735735 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a common life-changing disability of peripheral nervous system with significant socioeconomic consequences. Conventional therapeutic approaches for PNI have several drawbacks such as need to autologous nerve scarifying, surplus surgery, and difficult accessibility to donor nerve; therefore, other therapeutic strategies such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy are getting more interesting. MSCs have been proved to be safe and efficient in numerous degenerative diseases of central and peripheral nervous systems. In this paper, we review novel biotechnological advancements in treating PNI using MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forouzan Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Lavi Arab
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Karim Nikkhah
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Houshang Amiri
- Neurology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mahmoud Mahmoudi
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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37
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Debastiani JC, Santana AJ, Ribeiro LDFC, Brancalhão RMC, Bertolini GRF. Sericin silk protein in peripheral nervous repair associated with the physical exercise of swimming in Wistar rats. Neurol Res 2019; 41:326-334. [PMID: 30638158 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2018.1564187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To verify the action of sericin associated to swim exercise with overload, on sciatic nerve repair in Wistar rats, after 22 days of nerve compression. METHODS Forty animals been composed of five groups: control, injury, injury-sericin, injury-swimming and injury-sericin-swimming. During the lesion procedure, sericin, in hydrolyzed form, applied directly to the injury in the injury-sericin and injury-sericin-swimming groups. Injury-swimming and injury-sericin-swimming groups underwent to 5 days per week for 3 weeks, with a 10% overload of the animal's body weight, and a weekly progressive evolution of swimming time, lasting 15, 20 and 25 min/day. Pre and throughout the treatment period the animals performed evaluation of sciatic functional index and pressure pain threshold with digital von Frey filament. Euthanasia was performed on the 22nd postoperative day, and two fragments of the nerve were collected and prepared for descriptive and quantitative analysis. RESULTS The sciatic functional index assessment showed significant differences in the motor function of the control until the 14th day. Regarding the allodynia, there was revealed a significant improvement in injury-swimming performance relative to injury, injury-sericin and injury-sericin-swimming, and the number of viable and non-viable nerve fibers smaller than 4 μm in diameter was significantly higher in the injury-sericin-swimming. CONCLUSION swimming showed a better evolution of the nociceptive threshold and allodynia. Sericin treatment had exacerbated pro-inflammatory characteristics. On the other hand, the association of sericine and swimming showed a possible regulatory effect by resting swimming exercise, with a significant increase of fibers of smaller diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Carlos Debastiani
- a Bioscience and Health Program , State University of the West of Paraná , Cascavel , Brazil
| | - André Junior Santana
- a Bioscience and Health Program , State University of the West of Paraná , Cascavel , Brazil
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Frost HK, Andersson T, Johansson S, Englund-Johansson U, Ekström P, Dahlin LB, Johansson F. Electrospun nerve guide conduits have the potential to bridge peripheral nerve injuries in vivo. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16716. [PMID: 30425260 PMCID: PMC6233209 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34699-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrospinning can be used to mimic the architecture of an acellular nerve graft, combining microfibers for guidance, and pores for cellular infiltration. We made electrospun nerve guides, from polycaprolactone (PCL) or poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA), with aligned fibers along the insides of the channels and random fibers around them. We bridged a 10 mm rat sciatic nerve defect with the guides, and, in selected groups, added a cell transplant derived from autologous stromal vascular fraction (SVF). For control, we compared to hollow silicone tubes; or autologous nerve grafts. PCL nerve guides had a high degree of autotomy (8/43 rats), a negative indicator with respect to future usefulness, while PLLA supported axonal regeneration, but did not outperform autologous nerve grafts. Transplanted cells survived in the PLLA nerve guides, but axonal regeneration was not enhanced as compared to nerve guides alone. The inflammatory response was partially enhanced by the transplanted cells in PLLA nerve grafts; Schwann cells were poorly distributed compared to nerve guide without cells. Tailor-made electrospun nerve guides support axonal regeneration in vivo, and can act as vehicles for co-transplanted cells. Our results motivate further studies exploring novel nerve guides and the effect of stromal cell-derived factors on nerve generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna K Frost
- Department of Translational Medicine - Hand Surgery, Lund University, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
- Department of Hand Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Tomas Andersson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - U Englund-Johansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund - Ophtalmology, Lund University, SE-211 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Ekström
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund - Ophtalmology, Lund University, SE-211 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars B Dahlin
- Department of Translational Medicine - Hand Surgery, Lund University, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Hand Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden
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Heredia DJ, Feng CY, Agarwal A, Nennecker K, Hennig GW, Gould TW. Postnatal Restriction of Activity-Induced Ca 2+ Responses to Schwann Cells at the Neuromuscular Junction Are Caused by the Proximo-Distal Loss of Axonal Synaptic Vesicles during Development. J Neurosci 2018; 38:8650-8665. [PMID: 30143570 PMCID: PMC6170982 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0956-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Terminal or perisynaptic Schwann cells (TPSCs) are nonmyelinating, perisynaptic glial cells at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) that respond to neural activity by increasing intracellular calcium (Ca2+) and regulate synaptic function. The onset of activity-induced TPSC Ca2+ responses, as well as whether axonal Schwann cells (ASCs) along the nerve respond to nerve stimulation during development, is unknown. Here, we show that phrenic nerve stimulation in developing male and female mice elicited Ca2+ responses in both ASCs and TPSCs at embryonic day 14. ASC responses were lost in a proximo-distal gradient over time, but could continue to be elicited by bath application of neurotransmitter, suggesting that a loss of release rather than a change in ASC competence accounted for this response gradient. Similar to those of early postnatal TPSCs, developing ASC/TPSC responses were mediated by purinergic P2Y1 receptors. The loss of ASC Ca2+ responses was correlated to the proximo-distal disappearance of synaptophysin immunoreactivity and synaptic vesicles in phrenic axons. Accordingly, developing ASC Ca2+ responses were blocked by botulinum toxin. Interestingly, the loss of ASC Ca2+ responses was also correlated to the proximo-distal development of myelination. Finally, compared with postnatal TPSCs, neonatal TPSCs and ASCs displayed Ca2+ signals in response to lower frequencies and shorter durations of nerve stimulation. Together, these results with GCaMP3-expressing Schwann cells provide ex vivo evidence that both axons and presynaptic terminals initially exhibit activity-induced vesicular release of neurotransmitter, but that the subsequent loss of axonal synaptic vesicles accounts for the postnatal restriction of vesicular release to the NMJ.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neural activity regulates multiple aspects of development, including myelination. Whether the excitation of developing neurons in vivo results in the release of neurotransmitter from both axons and presynaptic terminals is unclear. Here, using mice expressing the genetically encoded calcium indicator GCaMP3 in Schwann cells, we show that both terminal/perisynaptic Schwann cells at the diaphragm neuromuscular junction and axonal Schwann cells along the phrenic nerve exhibit activity-induced calcium responses early in development, mediated by the vesicular release of ATP from the axons of motor neurons acting on P2Y1 receptors. These ex vivo findings corroborate classic in vitro studies demonstrating transmitter release by developing axons, and thus represent a tool to study the mechanisms and significance of this process during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dante J Heredia
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557 and
| | - Cheng-Yuan Feng
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557 and
| | - Andrea Agarwal
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557 and
| | - Kyle Nennecker
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557 and
| | - Grant W Hennig
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405
| | - Thomas W Gould
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557 and
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Sullivan TB, Robert LC, Teebagy PA, Morgan SE, Beatty EW, Cicuto BJ, Nowd PK, Rieger-Christ KM, Bryan DJ. Spatiotemporal microRNA profile in peripheral nerve regeneration: miR-138 targets vimentin and inhibits Schwann cell migration and proliferation. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:1253-1262. [PMID: 30028335 PMCID: PMC6065231 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.235073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
While the peripheral nervous system has regenerative ability, restoration of sufficient function remains a challenge. Vimentin has been shown to be localized in axonal growth fronts and associated with nerve regeneration, including myelination, neuroplasticity, kinase signaling in nerve axoplasm, and cell migration; however, the mechanisms regulating its expression within Schwann cell (SC) remain unexplored. The aim of this study was to profile the spatial and temporal expression profile of microRNA (miRNA) in a regenerating rat sciatic nerve after transection, and explore the potential role of miR-138-5p targeting vimentin in SC proliferation and migration. A rat sciatic nerve transection model, utilizing a polyethylene nerve guide, was used to investigate miRNA expression at 7, 14, 30, 60, and 90 days during nerve regeneration. Relative levels of miRNA expression were determined using microarray analysis and subsequently validated with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. In vitro assays were conducted with cultured Schwann cells transfected with miRNA mimics and assessed for migratory and proliferative potential. The top seven dysregulated miRNAs reported in this study have been implicated in cell migration elsewhere, and GO and KEGG analyses predicted activities essential to wound healing. Transfection of one of these, miRNA-138-5p, into SCs reduced cell migration and proliferation. miR-138-5p has been shown to directly target vimentin in cancer cells, and the luciferase assay performed here in rat Schwann cells confirmed it. These results detail a role of miR-138-5p in rat peripheral nerve regeneration and expand on reports of it as an important regulator in the peripheral nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis B. Sullivan
- Department of Translational Research, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, USA
| | - Litchfield C. Robert
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, USA
| | - Patrick A. Teebagy
- Department of Translational Research, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, USA
| | - Shannon E. Morgan
- Department of Translational Research, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, USA
| | - Evan W. Beatty
- Department of Translational Research, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, USA
| | - Bryan J. Cicuto
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, USA
| | - Peter K. Nowd
- Department of Translational Research, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, USA
| | | | - David J. Bryan
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, USA
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, USA
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Alvites R, Rita Caseiro A, Santos Pedrosa S, Vieira Branquinho M, Ronchi G, Geuna S, Varejão AS, Colette Maurício A. Peripheral nerve injury and axonotmesis: State of the art and recent advances. COGENT MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/2331205x.2018.1466404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Alvites
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente (ICETA) da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Caseiro
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente (ICETA) da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e Materiais, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto (REQUIMTE/LAQV), R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Santos Pedrosa
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente (ICETA) da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Vieira Branquinho
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente (ICETA) da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Giulia Ronchi
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Stefano Geuna
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Artur S.P. Varejão
- CECAV, Centro de Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, and Cavalieri Ottolenghi Neuroscience Institute, University of Turin, Ospedale San Luigi, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Ana Colette Maurício
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente (ICETA) da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Stammnitz MR, Coorens THH, Gori KC, Hayes D, Fu B, Wang J, Martin-Herranz DE, Alexandrov LB, Baez-Ortega A, Barthorpe S, Beck A, Giordano F, Knowles GW, Kwon YM, Hall G, Price S, Pye RJ, Tubio JMC, Siddle HVT, Sohal SS, Woods GM, McDermott U, Yang F, Garnett MJ, Ning Z, Murchison EP. The Origins and Vulnerabilities of Two Transmissible Cancers in Tasmanian Devils. Cancer Cell 2018; 33:607-619.e15. [PMID: 29634948 PMCID: PMC5896245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transmissible cancers are clonal lineages that spread through populations via contagious cancer cells. Although rare in nature, two facial tumor clones affect Tasmanian devils. Here we perform comparative genetic and functional characterization of these lineages. The two cancers have similar patterns of mutation and show no evidence of exposure to exogenous mutagens or viruses. Genes encoding PDGF receptors have copy number gains and are present on extrachromosomal double minutes. Drug screening indicates causative roles for receptor tyrosine kinases and sensitivity to inhibitors of DNA repair. Y chromosome loss from a male clone infecting a female host suggests immunoediting. These results imply that Tasmanian devils may have inherent susceptibility to transmissible cancers and present a suite of therapeutic compounds for use in conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian R Stammnitz
- Transmissible Cancer Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Tim H H Coorens
- Transmissible Cancer Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Kevin C Gori
- Transmissible Cancer Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Dane Hayes
- Mount Pleasant Laboratories, Tasmanian Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and the Environment, Prospect, TAS 7250, Australia; School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia
| | - Beiyuan Fu
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Jinhong Wang
- Transmissible Cancer Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Daniel E Martin-Herranz
- Transmissible Cancer Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Ludmil B Alexandrov
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Adrian Baez-Ortega
- Transmissible Cancer Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Syd Barthorpe
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Alexandra Beck
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Francesca Giordano
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Graeme W Knowles
- Mount Pleasant Laboratories, Tasmanian Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and the Environment, Prospect, TAS 7250, Australia
| | - Young Mi Kwon
- Transmissible Cancer Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - George Hall
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Stacey Price
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Ruth J Pye
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Jose M C Tubio
- Transmissible Cancer Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Hannah V T Siddle
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Sukhwinder Singh Sohal
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia
| | - Gregory M Woods
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Ultan McDermott
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Fengtang Yang
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Mathew J Garnett
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Zemin Ning
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Elizabeth P Murchison
- Transmissible Cancer Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK.
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43
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Kohn C, Klemens JM, Kascholke C, Murthy NS, Kohn J, Brandenburger M, Hacker MC. Dual-component collagenous peptide/reactive oligomer hydrogels as potential nerve guidance materials - from characterization to functionalization. Biomater Sci 2018; 4:1605-1621. [PMID: 27722483 DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00397d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Toward a new generation of improved nerve guidance conduits (NGCs), novel biomaterials are required to address pressing clinical shortcomings in peripheral nerve regeneration (PNR) and to promote biological performance. A dual-component hydrogel system formed by cross-linking reaction between maleic anhydride groups in an oligomeric building block for cross-linking of free amine functionalities in partially hydrolyzed collagen is formulated for continuous processing and NGC fabrication. The influence of the gelation base is optimized for processing from a double syringe delivery system with a static mixer. A hydrophilic low-concentrated base was introduced to control network formation and to utilize highly reactive macromers for gelation. Cross-linking extent and building block conversion were improved and homogenous monoliths were fabricated. Chemically derivatized hydrogels were obtained by conversion of a fraction of anhydride groups in the oligomeric precursor with monovalent primary amine-containing grafting molecules prior to gelation. Network stability in functionalized hydrogels was maintained and cationic moieties were implement to the gel that promoted in vitro cell attachment and spreading irrespective of mechanical stiffness. A molding strategy was introduced that allowed for fabrication of flexible tubular conduits in tunable dimensions and with chemically patterned structures. These hydrogel-based conduits hold promise for the next generation NGCs with integrated chemical cues for PNR.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kohn
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Leipzig University, 04317 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - J M Klemens
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Marine Biotechnology EMB, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - C Kascholke
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Leipzig University, 04317 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - N S Murthy
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8066, USA
| | - J Kohn
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8066, USA
| | - M Brandenburger
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Marine Biotechnology EMB, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - M C Hacker
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Leipzig University, 04317 Leipzig, Germany.
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Kaplani K, Koutsi S, Armenis V, Skondra FG, Karantzelis N, Champeris Tsaniras S, Taraviras S. Wound healing related agents: Ongoing research and perspectives. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 129:242-253. [PMID: 29501699 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing response plays a central part in chronic inflammation, affecting millions of people worldwide. It is a dynamic process that can lead to fibrosis, if tissue damage is irreversible and wound resolution is not attained. It is clear that there is a tight interconnection among wound healing, fibrosis and a variety of chronic disease conditions, demonstrating the heterogeneity of this pathology. Based on our further understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning tissue repair, new therapeutic approaches have recently been developed that target different aspects of the wound healing process and fibrosis. Nevertheless, several issues still need to be taken into consideration when designing modern wound healing drug delivery formulations. In this review, we highlight novel pharmacological agents that hold promise for targeting wound repair and fibrosis. We also focus on drug-delivery systems that may enhance current and future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Kaplani
- Division of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Biomedical Postgraduate Programme, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Stamatina Koutsi
- Division of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Biomedical Postgraduate Programme, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Vasileios Armenis
- Division of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Biomedical Postgraduate Programme, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Foteini G Skondra
- Division of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Biomedical Postgraduate Programme, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Nickolas Karantzelis
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | | | - Stavros Taraviras
- Division of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Biomedical Postgraduate Programme, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece.
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Wrobel MR, Sundararaghavan HG. Biomaterial Cues to Direct a Pro-regenerative Phenotype in Macrophages and Schwann Cells. Neuroscience 2018; 376:172-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
Background: Laminins are extracellular matrix proteins that participate in endoneurial tubule formation and are important in the regeneration of nerves after injury. They act as scaffolds to guide nerves to distal targets and play a key role in neurite outgrowth. Because there is evidence that laminin architecture affects nerve regeneration, we evaluated endoneurial tubules by examining the laminin structure in clinical samples from patients with nerve injuries. Methods: In a retrospective review of eight nerve injury cases, we evaluated nerve histology in relation to clinical history and injury type. The immunohistochemical delineation of the laminin structure in relationship with the neuroma type was performed. Results: Five cases of upper-trunk stretch injuries—four from childbirth injury and one from a motorcycle accident—and three cases of nerve laceration leading to neuroma formation were examined. In the upper-trunk stretch injuries, avulsed nerves demonstrated no neuroma formation with a linear laminin architecture and a regular Schwann cell arrangement, but increased fibrous tissue deposition. For neuromas-in-continuity after a stretch injury, laminin immunohistochemistry demonstrated a double-lumen laminin tubule, with encapsulation of the Schwann cells and axonal processes. Nerve laceration leading to stump neuroma formation had a similar double-lumen laminin tubule, but less severe fibrosis. Conclusions: In nerve injuries with regenerative capacity, endoneurial tubules become pathologically disorganized. A double-lumen endoneurial tubule of unclear significance develops. The consistency of this pattern potentially suggests a reproducible pathophysiologic process. Further exploration of this pathophysiologic healing may provide insight into the failure of programmed peripheral nerve regeneration after injury.
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Yi S, Wang XH, Xing LY. Transcriptome analysis of adherens junction pathway-related genes after peripheral nerve injury. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:1804-1810. [PMID: 30136696 PMCID: PMC6128067 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.237127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The neural regeneration process is driven by a wide range of molecules and pathways. Adherens junctions are critical cellular junctions for the integrity of peripheral nerves. However, few studies have systematically characterized the transcript changes in the adherens junction pathway following injury. In this study, a rat model of sciatic nerve crush injury was established by forceps. Deep sequencing data were analyzed using comprehensive transcriptome analysis at 0, 1, 4, 7, and 14 days after injury. Results showed that most individual molecules in the adherens junctions were either upregulated or downregulated after nerve injury. The mRNA expression of ARPC1B, ARPC3, TUBA8, TUBA1C, CTNNA2, ACTN3, MET, HGF, NME1 and ARF6, which are involved in the adherens junction pathway and in remodeling of adherens junctions, was analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Most of these genes were upregulated in the sciatic nerve stump following peripheral nerve injury, except for CTNNA2, which was downregulated. Our findings reveal the dynamic changes of key molecules in adherens junctions and in remodeling of adherens junctions. These key genes provide a reference for the selection of clinical therapeutic targets for peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yi
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xing-Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ling-Yan Xing
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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Somay H, Emon ST, Uslu S, Orakdogen M, Meric ZC, Ince U, Hakan T. The Histological Effects of Ozone Therapy on Sciatic Nerve Crush Injury in Rats. World Neurosurg 2017; 105:702-708. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.05.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Abstract
A nerve injury has a profound impact on the patient’s daily life due to the impaired sensory and motor function, impaired dexterity, sensitivity to cold as well as eventual pain problems. To perform an appropriate treatment of nerve injuries, a correct diagnosis must be made, where the injury is properly classified, leading to an optimal surgical approach and technique, where timing of surgery is also important for the outcome. Knowledge about the nerve regeneration process, where delicate processes occur in neurons, non-neuronal cells (i.e. Schwann cells) and other cells in the peripheral as well as the central nervous systems, is crucial for the treating surgeon. The surgical decision to perform nerve repair and/or reconstruction depends on the type of injury, the condition of the wound as well as the vascularity of the wound. To reconnect injured nerve ends, various techniques can be used, which include both epineurial and fascicular nerve repair, and if a nerve defect is caused by the injury, a nerve reconstruction procedure has to be performed, including bridging the defect using nerve-grafts or nerve transfer techniques. The patients must be evaluated properly and regularly after the surgical procedure and appropriate rehabilitation programmes are useful to improve the final outcome.
Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2017;2. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.2.160071. Originally published online at www.efortopenreviews.org
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars B Dahlin
- Department of Translational Medicine - Hand Surgery, Lund University, and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mikael Wiberg
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Science, University Hospital, and Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Sweden
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Führmann T, Anandakumaran PN, Shoichet MS. Combinatorial Therapies After Spinal Cord Injury: How Can Biomaterials Help? Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28247563 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201601130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) results in an immediate loss of motor and sensory function below the injury site and is associated with a poor prognosis. The inhibitory environment that develops in response to the injury is mainly due to local expression of inhibitory factors, scarring and the formation of cystic cavitations, all of which limit the regenerative capacity of endogenous or transplanted cells. Strategies that demonstrate promising results induce a change in the microenvironment at- and around the lesion site to promote endogenous cell repair, including axonal regeneration or the integration of transplanted cells. To date, many of these strategies target only a single aspect of SCI; however, the multifaceted nature of SCI suggests that combinatorial strategies will likely be more effective. Biomaterials are a key component of combinatorial strategies, as they have the potential to deliver drugs locally over a prolonged period of time and aid in cell survival, integration and differentiation. Here we summarize the advantages and limitations of widely used strategies to promote recovery after injury and highlight recent research where biomaterials aided combinatorial strategies to overcome some of the barriers of spinal cord regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Führmann
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research; 160 College Street, Room 514 Toronto ON M5S 3E1 Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; 200 College Street Toronto ON M5S 3E5 Canada
| | - Priya N. Anandakumaran
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research; 160 College Street, Room 514 Toronto ON M5S 3E1 Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; 164 College Street Toronto ON M5S 3G9 Canada
| | - Molly S. Shoichet
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research; 160 College Street, Room 514 Toronto ON M5S 3E1 Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; 200 College Street Toronto ON M5S 3E5 Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; 164 College Street Toronto ON M5S 3G9 Canada
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St George St Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
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