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Savage WM, Yeary MD, Tang AJ, Sperring CP, Argenziano MG, Adapa AR, Yoh N, Canoll P, Bruce JN. Biomarkers of immunotherapy in glioblastoma. Neurooncol Pract 2024; 11:383-394. [PMID: 39006524 PMCID: PMC11241363 DOI: 10.1093/nop/npae028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain cancer, comprising half of all malignant brain tumors. Patients with GBM have a poor prognosis, with a median survival of 14-15 months. Current therapies for GBM, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical resection, remain inadequate. Novel therapies are required to extend patient survival. Although immunotherapy has shown promise in other cancers, including melanoma and non-small lung cancer, its efficacy in GBM has been limited to subsets of patients. Identifying biomarkers of immunotherapy response in GBM could help stratify patients, identify new therapeutic targets, and develop more effective treatments. This article reviews existing and emerging biomarkers of clinical response to immunotherapy in GBM. The scope of this review includes immune checkpoint inhibitor and antitumoral vaccination approaches, summarizing the variety of molecular, cellular, and computational methodologies that have been explored in the setting of anti-GBM immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Savage
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NY-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mitchell D Yeary
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NY-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anthony J Tang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NY-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Colin P Sperring
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NY-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael G Argenziano
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NY-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Arjun R Adapa
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NY-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nina Yoh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NY-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Peter Canoll
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NY-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NY-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Bruce
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NY-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
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2
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Jalloh M, Kankam SB, Osifala O. Could the combination of immunotherapy and target therapy be a potential double edge sword for glioblastoma treatment? A correspondence. Neurosurg Rev 2024; 47:105. [PMID: 38453805 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-024-02348-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Jalloh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, USA
| | - Samuel Berchi Kankam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, USA.
- Harvard T.H Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA.
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3
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Paganetti H. A review on lymphocyte radiosensitivity and its impact on radiotherapy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1201500. [PMID: 37601664 PMCID: PMC10435323 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1201500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that radiation therapy causes lymphopenia in patients and that this is correlated with a negative outcome. The mechanism is not well understood because radiation can have both immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive effects. How tumor dose conformation, dose fractionation, and selective lymph node irradiation in radiation therapy does affect lymphopenia and immune response is an active area of research. In addition, understanding the impact of radiation on the immune system is important for the design and interpretation of clinical trials combining radiation with immune checkpoint inhibitors, both in terms of radiation dose and treatment schedules. Although only a few percent of the total lymphocyte population are circulating, it has been speculated that their increased radiosensitivity may contribute to, or even be the primary cause of, lymphopenia. This review summarizes published data on lymphocyte radiosensitivity based on human, small animal, and in vitro studies. The data indicate differences in radiosensitivity among lymphocyte subpopulations that affect their relative contribution and thus the dynamics of the immune response. In general, B cells appear to be more radiosensitive than T cells and NK cells appear to be the most resistant. However, the reported dose-response data suggest that in the context of lymphopenia in patients, aspects other than cell death must also be considered. Not only absolute lymphocyte counts, but also lymphocyte diversity and activity are likely to be affected by radiation. Taken together, the reviewed data suggest that it is unlikely that radiation-induced cell death in lymphocytes is the sole factor in radiation-induced lymphopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Paganetti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, United States
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Grahm Valadie O, Brown SL, Farmer K, Nagaraja TN, Cabral G, Shadaia S, Divine GW, Knight RA, Lee IY, Dolan J, Rusu S, Joiner MC, Ewing JR. Characterization of the Response of 9L and U-251N Orthotopic Brain Tumors to 3D Conformal Radiation Therapy. Radiat Res 2023; 199:217-228. [PMID: 36656561 PMCID: PMC10174721 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-00048.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In a study employing MRI-guided stereotactic radiotherapy (SRS) in two orthotopic rodent brain tumor models, the radiation dose yielding 50% survival (the TCD50) was sought. Syngeneic 9L cells, or human U-251N cells, were implanted stereotactically in 136 Fischer 344 rats or 98 RNU athymic rats, respectively. At approximately 7 days after implantation for 9L, and 18 days for U-251N, rats were imaged with contrast-enhanced MRI (CE-MRI) and then irradiated using a Small Animal Radiation Research Platform (SARRP) operating at 220 kV and 13 mA with an effective energy of ∼70 keV and dose rate of ∼2.5 Gy per min. Radiation doses were delivered as single fractions. Cone-beam CT images were acquired before irradiation, and tumor volumes were defined using co-registered CE-MRI images. Treatment planning using MuriPlan software defined four non-coplanar arcs with an identical isocenter, subsequently accomplished by the SARRP. Thus, the treatment workflow emulated that of current clinical practice. The study endpoint was animal survival to 200 days. The TCD50 inferred from Kaplan-Meier survival estimation was approximately 25 Gy for 9L tumors and below 20 Gy, but within the 95% confidence interval in U-251N tumors. Cox proportional-hazards modeling did not suggest an effect of sex, with the caveat of wide confidence intervals. Having identified the radiation dose at which approximately half of a group of animals was cured, the biological parameters that accompany radiation response can be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Grahm Valadie
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Stephen L. Brown
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Katelynn Farmer
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | - Glauber Cabral
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Sheldon Shadaia
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - George W. Divine
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit Michigan
| | - Robert A. Knight
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan
| | - Ian Y. Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit Michigan
| | - Jennifer Dolan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Sam Rusu
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Michael C. Joiner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - James R. Ewing
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit Michigan
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan
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Ho KT, Chen PF, Chuang JY, Gean PW, Hsueh YS. A heat shock protein 90 inhibitor reduces oncoprotein expression and induces cell death in heterogeneous glioblastoma cells with EGFR, PDGFRA, CDK4, and NF1 aberrations. Life Sci 2022; 288:120176. [PMID: 34848192 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly malignant brain tumor. After treatment with the first-line drug temozolomide, only 50% of patients are responsive. Recent literature shows that the difficulty in treating GBM is mainly due to the heterogeneity of its four major cellular states, which are characterized by differences in EGFR, PDGFRA, CDK4, and NF1. Therefore, development of a multitarget drug is a potential strategy for treating heterogeneous GBM. MAIN METHODS In this study, the antitumor ability of a potent heat shock protein 90 inhibitor, NVP-AUY922 (AUY922), was evaluated in GBM cell lines (U-87 MG and T98G cells) and patient-derived GBM cell lines [P#5 and P#5 temozolomide-resistant (TMZ-R) cells]. KEY FINDINGS We found that AUY922 significantly reduced cell viability and colony formation in four GBM cell lines. AUY922 also significantly induced apoptosis by increasing PARP1 cleavage and the number of annexin V-positive cells. The autophagy indicators as MAP1LC3B cleavage and MAP1LC3B puncta were increased after AUY922 treatment. AUY922-induced cell death could be partially reversed by pharmacological inhibition of either apoptotic inhibitor or autophagy inhibitor. Moreover, AUY922 reduced the mRNA and protein expressions of EGFR, PDGFRA, CDK4, and NF1, which contribute to the four cellular state subtypes in GBM cells. In addition, the downstream signaling proteins of these four proteins, AKT/p-AKT, MAPK/p-MAPK, and BRAF, were downregulated after AUY922 treatment. SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, AUY922 led to GBM cell death via apoptosis and autophagy, and reduced the mRNA and protein expression of EGFR, PDGFRA, CDK4, and NF1in heterogeneous GBM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Ta Ho
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Fan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Ying Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Wu Gean
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Yuan-Shuo Hsueh
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Science Industries, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Karlsson J, Luly KM, Tzeng SY, Green JJ. Nanoparticle designs for delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics as brain cancer therapies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 179:113999. [PMID: 34715258 PMCID: PMC8720292 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive central nervous system cancer with a dismal prognosis. The standard of care involves surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, but five-year survival is only 5.6% despite these measures. Novel therapeutic approaches, such as immunotherapies, targeted therapies, and gene therapies, have been explored to attempt to extend survival for patients. Nanoparticles have been receiving increasing attention as promising vehicles for non-viral nucleic acid delivery in the context of GBM, though delivery is often limited by low blood-brain barrier permeability, particle instability, and low trafficking to target brain structures and cells. In this review, nanoparticle design considerations and new advances to overcome nucleic acid delivery challenges to treat brain cancer are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Karlsson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Kathryn M. Luly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Stephany Y. Tzeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Jordan J. Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Oncology, Neurosurgery, Materials Science & Engineering, and Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, and the Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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7
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Nava S, Lisini D, Frigerio S, Bersano A. Dendritic Cells and Cancer Immunotherapy: The Adjuvant Effect. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212339. [PMID: 34830221 PMCID: PMC8620771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are immune specialized cells playing a critical role in promoting immune response against antigens, and may represent important targets for therapeutic interventions in cancer. DCs can be stimulated ex vivo with pro-inflammatory molecules and loaded with tumor-specific antigen(s). Protocols describing the specific details of DCs vaccination manufacturing vary widely, but regardless of the employed protocol, the DCs vaccination safety and its ability to induce antitumor responses is clearly established. Many years of studies have focused on the ability of DCs to provide overall survival benefits at least for a selection of cancer patients. Lessons learned from early trials lead to the hypothesis that, to improve the efficacy of DCs-based immunotherapy, this should be combined with other treatments. Thus, the vaccine’s ultimate role may lie in the combinatorial approaches of DCs-based immunotherapy with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, more than in monotherapy. In this review, we address some key questions regarding the integration of DCs vaccination with multimodality therapy approaches for cancer treatment paradigms.
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Soni V, Adhikari M, Simonyan H, Lin L, Sherman JH, Young CN, Keidar M. In Vitro and In Vivo Enhancement of Temozolomide Effect in Human Glioblastoma by Non-Invasive Application of Cold Atmospheric Plasma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4485. [PMID: 34503293 PMCID: PMC8430547 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive forms of adult brain cancers and is highly resistant to treatment, with a median survival of 12-18 months after diagnosis. The poor survival is due to its infiltrative pattern of invasion into the normal brain parenchyma, the diffuse nature of its growth, and its ability to quickly grow, spread, and relapse. Temozolomide is a well-known FDA-approved alkylating chemotherapy agent used for the treatment of high-grade malignant gliomas, and it has been shown to improve overall survival. However, in most cases, the tumor relapses. In recent years, CAP has been used as an emerging technology for cancer therapy. The purpose of this study was to implement a combination therapy of CAP and TMZ to enhance the effect of TMZ and apparently sensitize GBMs. In vitro evaluations in TMZ-sensitive and resistant GBM cell lines established a CAP chemotherapy enhancement and potential sensitization effect across various ranges of CAP jet application. This was further supported with in vivo findings demonstrating that a single CAP jet applied non-invasively through the skull potentially sensitizes GBM to subsequent treatment with TMZ. Gene functional enrichment analysis further demonstrated that co-treatment with CAP and TMZ resulted in a downregulation of cell cycle pathway genes. These observations indicate that CAP can be potentially useful in sensitizing GBM to chemotherapy and for the treatment of glioblastoma as a non-invasive translational therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Soni
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, MPNL, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (V.S.); (M.A.); (L.L.); (J.H.S.)
| | - Manish Adhikari
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, MPNL, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (V.S.); (M.A.); (L.L.); (J.H.S.)
| | - Hayk Simonyan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA;
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, MPNL, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (V.S.); (M.A.); (L.L.); (J.H.S.)
| | - Jonathan H. Sherman
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, MPNL, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (V.S.); (M.A.); (L.L.); (J.H.S.)
| | - Colin N. Young
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA;
| | - Michael Keidar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, MPNL, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (V.S.); (M.A.); (L.L.); (J.H.S.)
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Ma Y, Yang Z, Huntoon K, Jiang W, Kim BYS. Advanced Immunotherapy Approaches for Glioblastoma. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Zhaogang Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX 75235 USA
| | - Kristin Huntoon
- Department of Neurosurgery The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX 75235 USA
- Department of Bioengineering University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX 75390 USA
| | - Betty Y. S. Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX 77030 USA
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Mei Y, Bi WL, Agolia J, Hu C, Giantini Larsen AM, Meredith DM, Al Abdulmohsen S, Bale T, Dunn GP, Abedalthagafi M, Dunn IF. Immune profiling of pituitary tumors reveals variations in immune infiltration and checkpoint molecule expression. Pituitary 2021; 24:359-373. [PMID: 33492612 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-020-01114-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pituitary tumors are the second most common primary brain tumors. Functional tumors demonstrate increased PD-L1 expression, but expression of other checkpoint regulators has not been characterized. We sought to characterize the immune microenvironment of human pituitary tumors to identify new treatment opportunities. METHODS 72 pituitary tumors were evaluated for expression of the immune regulatory markers programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), programmed death ligand 2 (PD-L2), V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA), lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3) and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4 (OX40) by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Lymphocyte infiltration, macrophage infiltration, and angiogenesis were analyzed using IHC. Expression of pituitary tumor initiating cell marker CD15 and mismatch repair proteins MutS protein homolog 2 (MSH2) and MutS protein homolog 6 (MSH6) was also assessed. RESULTS Pituitary tumors were infiltrated by macrophages and T cells, and they expressed varying levels of PD-L1, PD-L2, VISTA, LAG3, and OX40. Functional tumors and tumors with high expression of tumor stem cell markers had higher immune cell infiltration and greater expression of immunosuppressive checkpoint regulators. Increased PD-L1 and LAG3 and reduced VISTA were observed in primary tumors compared to recurrent tumors. CONCLUSION Immune cell infiltration and checkpoint regulator expression vary depending on functional status and presence of pituitary tumor initiating cells. Functional tumors may have a particularly immunosuppressive microenvironment. Further studies of immune checkpoint blockade of pituitary tumors, particularly functional tumors, are warranted, though combination therapy may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mei
- Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wenya Linda Bi
- Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - James Agolia
- Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Changchen Hu
- Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | | | - David M Meredith
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sally Al Abdulmohsen
- Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- King Fahad Medical City and King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tejus Bale
- Department of Neuropathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gavin P Dunn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Malak Abedalthagafi
- King Fahad Medical City and King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ian F Dunn
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, HHDC Suite 4000, 1000 N. Lincoln Blvd, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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11
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Huang GD, Cui P, Ma GX, Chen FF, Chen ZB, Li XJ, Liao ZJ, Li WP, Li ZY, Chen L. Phragmunis a suppresses glioblastoma through the regulation of MCL1-FBXW7 by blocking ELK1-SRF complex-dependent transcription. Neurochem Int 2021; 147:105051. [PMID: 33979572 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor. During screening work, we found a new compound named phragmunis A (PGA), which is derived from the fruitbody of Trogia venenata, exhibits a potential cytotoxic effect on patient-derived recurrent GBM cells and temozolomide (TMZ)-resistant cell lines. The present study was designed to investigate the potential molecular mechanism of the anti-glioma effects of PGA in vitro and in vivo. Studies investigating the mechanism revealed that PGA diminished the binding efficiency of ETS family of transcription factor (ELK1) and Serum response factor (SRF), and suppressed ELK1-SRF complex-dependent transcription, which decreased the transcriptional levels of downstream genes Early growth response protein 1 (EGR1)-Polycomb ring finger (BMI1), thus inducing the imbalanced regulation between Myeloid cell leukaemia-1 (MCL1) and F-Box and WD repeat domain containing 7 (FBXW7). Finally, orthotopic xenograft models were established to confirm the anti-glioma effect of PGA on tumour growth. We showed, for the first time, that the cytotoxic effects of PGA occurred by inducing MCL1 inhibition and FBXW7 activation by blocking ELK1-SRF complex-dependent transcription. The blockage of ELK1-mediated transcription resulted in the suppression of EGR1-BMI1, which led to the upregulation of FBXW7 expression and downregulation of MCL1. These findings suggested that PGA could be a therapeutic drug candidate for the treatment of recurrent GBM by targeting the ELK1-SRF complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Dong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, 3002# Sungang Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Ping Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518038, China
| | - Guo-Xu Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fan-Fan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, 3002# Sungang Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Ze-Bin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518038, China
| | - Xue-Juan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518038, China
| | - Zi-Jun Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, 3002# Sungang Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Wei-Ping Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, 3002# Sungang Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Zong-Yang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, 3002# Sungang Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518035, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, 3002# Sungang Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518035, China.
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12
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Khan M, Sherwani S, Khan S, Alouffi S, Alam M, Al-Motair K, Khan S. Insights into Multifunctional Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Glioblastoma Treatment. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082262. [PMID: 33919694 PMCID: PMC8069805 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is an aggressive cancer with high microvascular proliferation, resulting in accelerated invasion and diffused infiltration into the surrounding brain tissues with very low survival rates. Treatment options are often multimodal, such as surgical resection with concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The development of resistance of tumor cells to radiation in the areas of hypoxia decreases the efficiency of such treatments. Additionally, the difficulty of ensuring drugs effectively cross the natural blood-brain barrier (BBB) substantially reduces treatment efficiency. These conditions concomitantly limit the efficacy of standard chemotherapeutic agents available for GB. Indeed, there is an urgent need of a multifunctional drug vehicle system that has potential to transport anticancer drugs efficiently to the target and can successfully cross the BBB. In this review, we summarize some nanoparticle (NP)-based therapeutics attached to GB cells with antigens and membrane receptors for site-directed drug targeting. Such multicore drug delivery systems are potentially biodegradable, site-directed, nontoxic to normal cells and offer long-lasting therapeutic effects against brain cancer. These models could have better therapeutic potential for GB as well as efficient drug delivery reaching the tumor milieu. The goal of this article is to provide key considerations and a better understanding of the development of nanotherapeutics with good targetability and better tolerability in the fight against GB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Diagnostic and Personalised Therapeutics Unit, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 2440, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (K.A.-M.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Subuhi Sherwani
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 2440, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Saif Khan
- Department of Basic Dental and Medical Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 2440, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sultan Alouffi
- Molecular Diagnostic and Personalised Therapeutics Unit, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 2440, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (K.A.-M.)
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 2440, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Khalid Al-Motair
- Molecular Diagnostic and Personalised Therapeutics Unit, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 2440, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (K.A.-M.)
| | - Shahper Khan
- Interdisciplinary Nanotechnology Centre, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India;
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13
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Yu Q, Xiao W, Sun S, Sohrabi A, Liang J, Seidlits SK. Extracellular Matrix Proteins Confer Cell Adhesion-Mediated Drug Resistance Through Integrin α v in Glioblastoma Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:616580. [PMID: 33834020 PMCID: PMC8021872 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.616580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy resistance to glioblastoma (GBM) remains an obstacle that is difficult to overcome, leading to poor prognosis of GBM patients. Many previous studies have focused on resistance mechanisms intrinsic to cancer cells; the microenvironment surrounding tumor cells has been found more recently to have significant impacts on the response to chemotherapeutic agents. Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins may confer cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAMDR). Here, expression of the ECM proteins laminin, vitronectin, and fibronectin was assessed in clinical GBM tumors using immunohistochemistry. Then, patient-derived GBM cells grown in monolayers on precoated laminin, vitronectin, or fibronectin substrates were treated with cilengitide, an integrin inhibitor, and/or carmustine, an alkylating chemotherapy. Cell adhesion and viability were quantified. Transcription factor (TF) activities were assessed over time using a bioluminescent assay in which GBM cells were transduced with lentiviruses containing consensus binding sites for specific TFs linked to expression a firefly luciferase reporter. Apoptosis, mediated by p53, was analyzed by Western blotting and immunocytofluorescence. Integrin αv activation of the FAK/paxillin/AKT signaling pathway and effects on expression of the proliferative marker Ki67 were investigated. To assess effects of integrin αv activation of AKT and ERK pathways, which are typically deregulated in GBM, and expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is amplified and/or mutated in many GBM tumors, shRNA knockdown was used. Laminin, vitronectin, and fibronectin were abundant in clinical GBM tumors and promoted CAMDR in GBM cells cultured on precoated substrates. Cilengitide treatment induced cell detachment, which was most pronounced for cells cultured on vitronectin. Cilengitide treatment increased cytotoxicity of carmustine, reversing CAMDR. ECM adhesion increased activity of NFκB and decreased that of p53, leading to suppression of p53-mediated apoptosis and upregulation of multidrug resistance gene 1 (MDR1; also known as ABCB1 or P-glycoprotein). Expression of Ki67 was correlative with activation of the integrin αv-mediated FAK/paxillin/AKT signaling pathway. EGFR expression increased with integrin αv knockdown GBM cells and may represent a compensatory survival mechanism. These results indicate that ECM proteins confer CAMDR through integrin αv in GBM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weikun Xiao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Songping Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alireza Sohrabi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jesse Liang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Stephanie K Seidlits
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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14
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Sanchez VE, Lynes JP, Walbridge S, Wang X, Edwards NA, Nwankwo AK, Sur HP, Dominah GA, Obungu A, Adamstein N, Dagur PK, Maric D, Munasinghe J, Heiss JD, Nduom EK. GL261 luciferase-expressing cells elicit an anti-tumor immune response: an evaluation of murine glioma models. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11003. [PMID: 32620877 PMCID: PMC7335060 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67411-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical models that reliably recapitulate the immunosuppressive properties of human gliomas are essential to assess immune-based therapies. GL261 murine glioma cells are widely used as a syngeneic animal model of glioma, however, it has become common practice to transfect these cells with luciferase for fluorescent tumor tracking. The aim of this study was to compare the survival of mice injected with fluorescent or non-fluorescent GL261 cells and characterize the differences in their tumor microenvironment. Mice were intracranially implanted with GL261, GL261 Red-FLuc or GL261-Luc2 cells at varying doses. Cytokine profiles were evaluated by proteome microarray and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to determine survival differences. Median survival for mice implanted with 5 × 104 GL261 cells was 18 to 21 days. The GL261 Red-FLuc implanted mice cells did not reach median survival at any tumor dose. Mice injected with 3 × 105 GL261-Luc2 cells reached median survival at 23 days. However, median survival was significantly prolonged to 37 days in mice implanted with 5 × 104 GL261-Luc2 cells. Additionally, proteomic analyses revealed significantly elevated inflammatory cytokines in the supernatants of the GL261 Red-FLuc cells and GL261-Luc2 cells. Our data suggest that GL261 Red-FLuc and GL261-Luc2 murine models elicit an anti-tumor immune response by increasing pro-inflammatory modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria E Sanchez
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John P Lynes
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stuart Walbridge
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiang Wang
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nancy A Edwards
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anthony K Nwankwo
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hannah P Sur
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gifty A Dominah
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Arnold Obungu
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas Adamstein
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pradeep K Dagur
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dragan Maric
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeeva Munasinghe
- Mouse Imaging Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John D Heiss
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Edjah K Nduom
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. .,Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Room 3D-20, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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15
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Kumar N, Lal N, Nemaysh V, Luthra PM. Design, synthesis, DNA binding studies and evaluation of anticancer potential of novel substituted biscarbazole derivatives against human glioma U87 MG cell line. Bioorg Chem 2020; 100:103911. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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16
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Luo D, Fraga-Lauhirat M, Millings J, Ho C, Villarreal EM, Fletchinger TC, Bonfiglio JV, Mata L, Nemesure MD, Bartels LE, Wang R, Rigas B, Mackenzie GG. Phospho-valproic acid (MDC-1112) suppresses glioblastoma growth in preclinical models through the inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation. Carcinogenesis 2020; 40:1480-1491. [PMID: 30994173 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
New therapeutic strategies against glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are urgently needed. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), constitutively active in many GBM tumors, plays a major role in GBM tumor growth and represents a potential therapeutic target. We have documented previously that phospho-valproic acid (MDC-1112), which inhibits STAT3 activation, possesses strong anticancer properties in multiple cancer types. In this study, we explored the anticancer efficacy of MDC-1112 in preclinical models of GBM, and evaluated its mode of action. MDC-1112 inhibited the growth of multiple human GBM cell lines in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Normal human astrocytes were resistant to MDC-1112, indicating selectivity. In vivo, MDC-1112 reduced the growth of subcutaneous GBM xenografts in mice by up to 78.2% (P < 0.01), compared with the controls. Moreover, MDC-1112 extended survival in an intracranial xenograft model. Although all vehicle-treated mice died by 19 days of treatment, 7 of 11 MDC-1112-treated mice were alive and healthy by the end of 5 weeks, with many showing tumor regression. Mechanistically, MDC-1112 inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation at the serine 727 residue, but not at tyrosine 705, in vitro and in vivo. STAT3 overexpression rescued GBM cells from the cell growth inhibition by MDC-1112. In addition, MDC-1112 reduced STAT3 levels in the mitochondria and enhanced mitochondrial levels of reactive oxygen species, which triggered apoptosis. In conclusion, MDC-1112 displays strong efficacy in preclinical models of GBM, with the serine 727 residue of STAT3 being its key molecular target. MDC-1112 merits further evaluation as a drug candidate for GBM. New therapeutic options are needed for glioblastoma. The novel agent MDC-1112 is an effective anticancer agent in multiple animal models of glioblastoma, and its mechanism of action involves the inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation, primarily at its Serine 727 residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyuan Luo
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Thyroid Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Jonathan Millings
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Cristella Ho
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Emily M Villarreal
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Teresa C Fletchinger
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, USA
| | - James V Bonfiglio
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Leyda Mata
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Matthew D Nemesure
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Lauren E Bartels
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Ruixue Wang
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Basil Rigas
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Gerardo G Mackenzie
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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17
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Voth BL, Pelargos PE, Barnette NE, Bhatt NS, Chen CHJ, Lagman C, Chung LK, Nguyen T, Sheppard JP, Romiyo P, Mareninov S, Kickhoefer VA, Yong WH, Rome LH, Yang I. Intratumor injection of CCL21-coupled vault nanoparticles is associated with reduction in tumor volume in an in vivo model of glioma. J Neurooncol 2020; 147:599-605. [PMID: 32274629 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03479-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant primary adult brain tumor. Current care includes surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy. Recent clinical trials for GBM have demonstrated extended survival using interventions such as tumor vaccines or tumor-treating fields. However, prognosis generally remains poor, with expected survival of 20 months after randomization. Chemokine-based immunotherapy utilizing CCL21 locally recruits lymphocytes and dendritic cells to enhance host antitumor response. Here, we report a preliminary study utilizing CPZ-vault nanoparticles as a vehicle to package, protect, and steadily deliver therapy to optimize CCL21 therapy in a murine flank model of GBM. METHODS GL261 cells were subcutaneously injected into the left flank of eight-week-old female C57BL/6 mice. Mice were treated with intratumoral injections of either: (1) CCL21-packaged vault nanoparticles (CPZ-CCL21), (2) free recombinant CCL21 chemokine empty vault nanoparticles, (3) empty vault nanoparticles, or 4) PBS. RESULTS The results of this study showed that CCL21-packaged vault nanoparticle injections can decrease the tumor volume in vivo. Additionally, this study showed mice injected with CCL21-packaged vault nanoparticle had the smallest average tumor volume and remained the only treatment group with a negative percent change in tumor volume. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary study establishes vault nanoparticles as a feasible vehicle to increase drug delivery and immune response in a flank murine model of GBM. Future animal studies involving an intracranial orthotopic tumor model are required to fully evaluate the potential for CCL21-packaged vault nanoparticles as a strategy to bypass the blood brain barrier, enhance intracranial immune activity, and improve intracranial tumor control and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L Voth
- Departments of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Natalie E Barnette
- Departments of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nikhilesh S Bhatt
- Departments of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Carlito Lagman
- Departments of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lawrance K Chung
- Departments of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thien Nguyen
- Departments of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John P Sheppard
- Departments of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Prasanth Romiyo
- Departments of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sergey Mareninov
- Departments of Biological Chemistry, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, 300 Stein Plaza, Suite 562, 5th Floor Wasserman Building, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-6901, USA
| | - Valerie A Kickhoefer
- Departments of Biological Chemistry, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, 300 Stein Plaza, Suite 562, 5th Floor Wasserman Building, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-6901, USA
| | - William H Yong
- Departments of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Leonard H Rome
- Departments of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Isaac Yang
- Departments of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Departments of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Departments of Biological Chemistry, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, 300 Stein Plaza, Suite 562, 5th Floor Wasserman Building, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-6901, USA.
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18
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Kleinberg L, Sloan L, Grossman S, Lim M. Radiotherapy, Lymphopenia, and Host Immune Capacity in Glioblastoma: A Potentially Actionable Toxicity Associated With Reduced Efficacy of Radiotherapy. Neurosurgery 2020; 85:441-453. [PMID: 31232425 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyz198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is cytotoxic to tumor cells and is therefore a critical component of therapy for many malignancies, including glioblastoma (GBM). We now appreciate the value of the immunomodulatory effects of radiation that may be important to overall therapeutic success in some patients with this primary brain tumor. Although potentially beneficial immune-stimulating properties of radiotherapy treatment have been the focus of recent study, this modality is actually at the same time associated with the depletion of lymphocytes, which are crucial to the defense against neoplastic development and progression. In this review, we describe the association of systemic lymphopenia with poor tumor outcome, present evidence that radiotherapy is an important contributing cause of lymphodepletion, describe the systemic immune context of tumor and brain injury that contributes to immunosuppression, describe other contributing factors to lymphopenia including concomitant medications and treatments, and speculate about the role of the normal physiologic response to brain injury in the immunosuppressive dynamics of GBM. Radiotherapy is one significant and potentially actionable iatrogenic suppressor of immune response that may be limiting the success of therapy in GBM and other tumor types. Altered strategies for radiotherapy more permissive of a vigorous antineoplastic immune response may improve outcome for malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Kleinberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiation Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lindsey Sloan
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiation Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Stuart Grossman
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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19
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Crawford L, Monod A, Chen AX, Mukherjee S, Rabadán R. Predicting Clinical Outcomes in Glioblastoma: An Application of Topological and Functional Data Analysis. J Am Stat Assoc 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01621459.2019.1671198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorin Crawford
- Department of Biostatistics, Brown University, Providence, RI
- Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI
- Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Anthea Monod
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Andrew X. Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Sayan Mukherjee
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Computer Science, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Mathematics, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Bioinformatics & Biostatistics, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Raúl Rabadán
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY
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20
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Young JS, Dayani F, Morshed RA, Okada H, Aghi MK. Immunotherapy for High Grade Gliomas: A Clinical Update and Practical Considerations for Neurosurgeons. World Neurosurg 2019; 124:397-409. [PMID: 30677574 PMCID: PMC6642850 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.12.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The current standard of care for patients with high grade gliomas includes surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation; but even still the majority of patients experience disease progression and succumb to their illness within a few years of diagnosis. Immunotherapy, which stimulates an anti-tumor immune response, has been revolutionary in the treatment of some hematological and solid malignancies, generating substantial excitement for its potential for patients with glioblastoma. The most commonly used immunotherapies include dendritic cell and peptide vaccines, checkpoint inhibitors, and adoptive T cell therapy. However, to date, the preclinical success of these approaches against high-grade glioma models has not been replicated in human clinical trials. Moreover, the complex response to these biologically active treatments can complicate management decisions, and the neurosurgical oncology community needs to be actively involved in and up to date on the use of these agents in high grade glioma patients. In this review, we discuss the challenges immunotherapy faces for high grade gliomas, the completed and ongoing clinical trials for the major immunotherapies, and the nuances in management for patients being actively treated with one of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S Young
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Fara Dayani
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Ramin A Morshed
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hideho Okada
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Manish K Aghi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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21
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Huang H, Jiang R, Lian Z, Zhang W, Hu Z, Hu D. miR-222/GAS5 is involved in DNA damage and cytotoxic effects induced by temozolomide in T98G cell line. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 39:726-734. [PMID: 30575081 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ), a therapeutic DNA alkylator that can cause lethal DNA damage in cancer cells, is widely used for the standard chemotherapy against glioblastoma. However, long-term treatment with TMZ often causes drug resistance and poor prognosis, the mechanism of which remains largely unclear. This study aimed to investigate the possible role of miR-222/GAS5 axis on DNA damage and cytotoxic effects induced by TMZ in glioblastoma cells (T98G). Data suggest that the DNA comet tail length of T98G is positively correlated with the levels of miR-222 (R2 = 0.9808, P < 0.05), and negatively correlated with the levels of GAS5 (R2 = 0.8903, P < 0.05). The optical density value of T98G is negatively correlated with the levels of miR-222 (R2 = 0.7848, P < 0.05), and positively correlated with the levels of GAS5 (R2 = 0.6886, P < 0.05). Furthermore, comet tail length and optical density value are negatively and positively correlated with the levels of O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, respectively (R2 = 0.8462, P < 0.05; R2 = 0.7018, P < 0.05). In conclusion, miR-222/GAS5 is involved in DNA damage and cytotoxic effects induced by TMZ, which means that miR-222/GAS5 may have great potential of being used as a biomarker for screening of chemotherapeutic alkylators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Huang
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ran Jiang
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhenwei Lian
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zuqing Hu
- School of Medicine, Jiamusi University, Heilongjiang Province, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Dalin Hu
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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22
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Sulforaphane from Cruciferous Vegetables: Recent Advances to Improve Glioblastoma Treatment. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111755. [PMID: 30441761 PMCID: PMC6267435 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate (ITC) derived from cruciferous vegetables, particularly broccoli and broccoli sprouts, has been widely investigated due to its promising health-promoting properties in disease, and low toxicity in normal tissue. Although not yet fully understood, many mechanisms of anticancer activity at each step of cancer development have been attributed to this ITC. Given the promising data available regarding SFN, this review aimed to provide an overview on the potential activities of SFN related to the cellular mechanisms involved in glioblastoma (GBM) progression. GBM is the most frequent malignant brain tumor among adults and is currently an incurable disease due mostly to its highly invasive phenotype, and the poor efficacy of the available therapies. Despite all efforts, the median overall survival of GBM patients remains approximately 1.5 years under therapy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide support for translating the progress in understanding the molecular background of GBM into more complex, but promising therapeutic strategies, in which SFN may find a leading role.
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23
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Cwiklowska K, Westhoff MA, Freisinger S, Dwucet A, Halatsch ME, Knippschild U, Debatin KM, Schirmbeck R, Winiarski L, Oleksyszyn J, Wirtz CR, Burster T. Viability of glioblastoma stem cells is effectively reduced by diisothiocyanate-derived mercapturic acids. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:6181-6187. [PMID: 30344758 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive tumor of the central nervous system and is manifested by diffuse invasion of glioblastoma stem cells into the healthy tissue, chemoresistance and recurrence. Despite aggressive therapy, consisting of maximal surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy with temozolomide (Temodal®), life expectancy of patients with glioblastoma is typically less than 15 months. In general, natural isothiocyanates isolated from plants of the Cruciferae family are selectively cytotoxic to tumor cells. It has been demonstrated previously that diisothiocyanate-derived mercapturic acids are highly cytotoxic to colon cancer cells. In the present study, the application of diisothiocyanate-derived mercapturic acids led to a decrease in the viability of an established glioblastoma cell line, primary patient-derived sphere-cultured stem cell-enriched cell populations (SCs), and cells differentiated from SCs. Consequently, targeting glioblastoma cells by diisothiocyanate-derived mercapturic acids is a promising approach to restrict tumor cell growth and may be a novel therapeutic intervention for the treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Cwiklowska
- Department of Neurosurgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Medical Center, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Mike-Andrew Westhoff
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Simon Freisinger
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Annika Dwucet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Medical Center, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Marc-Eric Halatsch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Medical Center, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Medical Center, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Lukasz Winiarski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jozef Oleksyszyn
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Christian Rainer Wirtz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Medical Center, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Timo Burster
- Department of Neurosurgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Medical Center, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
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24
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Fukushima T, Kawaguchi M, Yamamoto K, Yamashita F, Izumi A, Kaieda T, Takezaki Y, Itoh H, Takeshima H, Kataoka H. Aberrant methylation and silencing of the SPINT2 gene in high-grade gliomas. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:2970-2979. [PMID: 29987920 PMCID: PMC6125435 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 2 (HAI‐2), encoded by the SPINT2 gene, is a membrane‐anchored protein that inhibits proteases involved in the activation of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a ligand of MET receptor. Epigenetic silencing of the SPINT2 gene has been reported in a human glioblastoma cell line (U87) and glioblastoma‐derived cancer stem cells. However, the incidence of SPINT2 methylation in tumor tissues obtained from glioma patients is unknown. In this study, we analyzed the methylation status of the SPINT2 gene of eight human glioblastoma cell lines and surgically resected glioma tissues of different grades (II, III, and IV) by bisulfite sequence analysis and methylation‐specific PCR. Most glioblastoma lines (7/8) showed methylation of the SPINT2 gene with a significantly reduced level of SPINT2mRNA compared to cultured astrocytes and normal brain tissues. However, all glioblastoma lines expressed mRNA for HGF activator (HGFAC), a target protease of HAI‐2/SPINT2. Forced expression of SPINT2 reduced MET phosphorylation of U87 glioblastoma cells both in vitro and in intracranial xenografts in nude mice. Methylation‐specific PCR analysis of the resected glioma tissues indicated notable methylation of the SPINT2 gene in 33.3% (2/6), 71.4% (10/14), and 74.3% (26/35) of grade II, III, and IV gliomas, respectively. Analysis of RNA sequencing data in a public database indicated an increased HGFAC/SPINT2 expression ratio in high‐grade compared to low‐grade gliomas (P = .01). In summary, aberrant methylation of the SPINT2 gene is frequently observed in high‐grade gliomas and might confer MET signaling in the glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Fukushima
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Makiko Kawaguchi
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Koji Yamamoto
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Fumiki Yamashita
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Aya Izumi
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Kaieda
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yuka Takezaki
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Hideo Takeshima
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kataoka
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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25
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THE ROLE OF PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF PRIMARY, RECURRENT AND METASTATIC MALIGNANT BRAIN TUMORS. BIOMEDICAL PHOTONICS 2018. [DOI: 10.24931/2413-9432-2018-7-2-37-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is a relevant and promising area for research in the field of clinical neuroonocology. Application of modern developments in the field of laser technologies and new photosensitizers allows us to refer to this field as to high-tech. According to various authors, the inclusion of photodynamic therapy in combined and complex treatments of patients with malignant brain tumors allows achieving overall survival median of patients from 11 to 26 months for primary form of glioblastoma, and from 7.5 to 15 months - for recurrent forms of glioblastoma. Certain results have been achieved in the treatment of patients with metastatic brain lesion. In this publication the authors analyzed and systematized the results of the main clinical studies in the field of fluorescent diagnostics and intraoperative photodynamic therapy of primary, recurrent and metastatic forms of malignant brain tumors.
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26
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A Similarity Regression Fusion Model for Integrating Multi-Omics Data to Identify Cancer Subtypes. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9070314. [PMID: 29933539 PMCID: PMC6070922 DOI: 10.3390/genes9070314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of cancer subtypes is crucial to cancer diagnosis and treatments. A number of methods have been proposed to identify cancer subtypes by integrating multi-omics data in recent years. However, the existing methods rarely consider the biases of similarity between samples and weights of different omics data in integration. More accurate and flexible integration approaches need to be developed to comprehensively investigate cancer subtypes. In this paper, we propose a simple and flexible similarity fusion model for integrating multi-omics data to identify cancer subtypes. We consider the similarity biases between samples in each omics data and predict corrected similarities between samples using a generalized linear model. We integrate the corrected similarity information from multi-omics data according to different data-view weights. Based on the integrative similarity information, we cluster patient samples into different subtype groups. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach obtains more significant results than the state-of-the-art integrative methods. In conclusion, our approach provides an effective and flexible tool to investigate subtypes in cancer by integrating multi-omics data.
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27
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Saffar H, Noohi M, Tavangar SM, Saffar H, Azimi S. Expression of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) in Brain Glioma and its Correlation with Tumor Grade. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 13:45-53. [PMID: 29731795 PMCID: PMC5929388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Angiogenesis is an essential component of tumor growth. Expression of PSMA on the neo-vasculature of many solid tumors, including glioblastoma multi-form, has been determined. The pattern of expression suggests that PSMA may play a functional role in angiogenesis. METHODS expression of PSMA in different grades of brain glioma was evaluated by the immunohistochemistry method to determine the probable usefulness of anti-PSMA antibody as complementary target therapy in different grades of glioma. RESULTS Overall, 72 cases of low (grade I and II) and high (grade III and IV) grade gliomas were evaluated for expression of PSMA. Positive PSMA staining was observed in 12 (33.3%) of high grade and 3 (8.3%) of low grade gliomas. Although, high grade tumors more commonly had positive result for PSMA (P value=0.009), the intensity of staining was significantly stronger in low-grade tumors (P value=0.009). CONCLUSION Expression of PSMA in different grades of glioma might provide a basis for further investigations focusing on selective target therapy in combination with the current standard care in all glioma grades, to improve treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiva Saffar
- Dept. of Pathology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran,Corresponding Information: Hiva Saffar: Associate Professor of Clinical and Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Tel: +98-21-84902187, Fax: +98-21-88633078, Cell phone: +98-912-3879514,
| | - Maryam Noohi
- Dept. of Pathology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | | | - Hana Saffar
- Dept. of Pathology, Imam Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Sima Azimi
- Dept. of Pathology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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28
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Stec WJ, Rosiak K, Siejka P, Peciak J, Popeda M, Banaszczyk M, Pawlowska R, Treda C, Hulas-Bigoszewska K, Piaskowski S, Stoczynska-Fidelus E, Rieske P. Cell line with endogenous EGFRvIII expression is a suitable model for research and drug development purposes. Oncotarget 2017; 7:31907-25. [PMID: 27004406 PMCID: PMC5077985 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and malignant brain tumor, characterized by high cellular heterogeneity. About 50% of glioblastomas are positive for EGFR amplification, half of which express accompanying EGFR mutation, encoding truncated and constitutively active receptor termed EGFRvIII. Currently, no cell models suitable for development of EGFRvIII-targeting drugs exist, while the available ones lack the intratumoral heterogeneity or extrachromosomal nature of EGFRvIII. The reports regarding the biology of EGFRvIII expressed in the stable cell lines are often contradictory in observations and conclusions. In the present study, we use DK-MG cell line carrying endogenous non-modified EGFRvIII amplicons and derive a sub-line that is near depleted of amplicons, whilst remaining identical on the chromosomal level. By direct comparison of the two lines, we demonstrate positive effects of EGFRvIII on cell invasiveness and populational growth as a result of elevated cell survival but not proliferation rate. Investigation of the PI3K/Akt indicated no differences between the lines, whilst NFκB pathway was over-active in the line strongly expressing EGFRvIII, finding further supported by the effects of NFκB pathway specific inhibitors. Taken together, these results confirm the important role of EGFRvIII in intrinsic and extrinsic regulation of tumor behavior. Moreover, the proposed models are stable, making them suitable for research purposes as well as drug development process utilizing high throughput approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech J Stec
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland
| | - Kamila Rosiak
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland.,Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Siejka
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland.,Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Peciak
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland.,Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Popeda
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Roza Pawlowska
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland.,Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Cezary Treda
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Sylwester Piaskowski
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland.,Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Stoczynska-Fidelus
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland.,Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Rieske
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland.,Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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29
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Seo YE, Bu T, Saltzman WM. Nanomaterials for convection-enhanced delivery of agents to treat brain tumors. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2017; 4:1-12. [PMID: 29333521 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials represent a promising and versatile platform for the delivery of therapeutics to the brain. Treatment of brain tumors has been a long-standing challenge in the field of neuro-oncology. The current standard of care - a multimodal approach of surgery, radiation and chemotherapy - yields only a modest therapeutic benefit for patients with malignant gliomas. A major obstacle for treatment is the failure to achieve sufficient delivery of therapeutics at the tumor site. Recent advances in local drug delivery techniques, along with the development of highly effective brain-penetrating nanocarriers, have significantly improved treatment and imaging of brain tumors in preclinical studies. The major advantage of this combined strategy is the ability to optimize local therapy, by maintaining an effective and sustained concentration of therapeutics in the brain with minimal systemic toxicity. This review highlights some of the latest developments, significant advancements and current challenges in local delivery of nanomaterials for the treatment of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Eun Seo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Tom Bu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - W Mark Saltzman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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30
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Miranda A, Blanco-Prieto M, Sousa J, Pais A, Vitorino C. Breaching barriers in glioblastoma. Part I: Molecular pathways and novel treatment approaches. Int J Pharm 2017; 531:372-388. [PMID: 28755993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumour, and the most aggressive in nature. The prognosis for patients with GBM remains poor, with a median survival time of only 1-2 years. The treatment failure relies on the development of resistance by tumour cells and the difficulty of ensuring that drugs effectively cross the dual blood brain barrier/blood brain tumour barrier. The advanced molecular and genetic knowledge has allowed to identify the mechanisms responsible for temozolomide resistance, which represents the standard of care in GBM, along with surgical resection and radiotherapy. Such resistance has motivated the researchers to investigate new avenues for GBM treatment intended to improve patient survival. In this review, we provide an overview of major obstacles to effective treatment of GBM, encompassing biological barriers, cancer stem cells, DNA repair mechanisms, deregulated signalling pathways and autophagy. New insights and potential therapy approaches for GBM are also discussed, emphasizing localized chemotherapy delivered directly to the brain, immunotherapy, gene therapy and nanoparticle-mediated brain drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Miranda
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Pharmacometrics Group of the Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - María Blanco-Prieto
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Spain
| | - João Sousa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Pharmacometrics Group of the Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alberto Pais
- Coimbra Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla Vitorino
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Pharmacometrics Group of the Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Portugal.
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31
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Jungk C, Mock A, Exner J, Geisenberger C, Warta R, Capper D, Abdollahi A, Friauf S, Lahrmann B, Grabe N, Beckhove P, von Deimling A, Unterberg A, Herold-Mende C. Spatial transcriptome analysis reveals Notch pathway-associated prognostic markers in IDH1 wild-type glioblastoma involving the subventricular zone. BMC Med 2016; 14:170. [PMID: 27782828 PMCID: PMC5080721 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-016-0710-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spatial relationship of glioblastoma (GBM) to the subventricular zone (SVZ) is associated with inferior patient survival. However, the underlying molecular phenotype is largely unknown. We interrogated an SVZ-dependent transcriptome and potential location-specific prognostic markers. METHODS mRNA microarray data of a discovery set (n = 36 GBMs) were analyzed for SVZ-dependent gene expression and process networks using the MetaCore™ workflow. Differential gene expression was confirmed by qPCR in a validation set of 142 IDH1 wild-type GBMs that was also used for survival analysis. RESULTS Microarray analysis revealed a transcriptome distinctive of SVZ+ GBM that was enriched for genes associated with Notch signaling. No overlap was found to The Cancer Genome Atlas's molecular subtypes. Independent validation of SVZ-dependent expression confirmed four genes with simultaneous prognostic impact: overexpression of HES4 (p = 0.034; HR 1.55) and DLL3 (p = 0.017; HR 1.61) predicted inferior, and overexpression of NTRK2 (p = 0.049; HR 0.66) and PIR (p = 0.025; HR 0.62) superior overall survival (OS). Additionally, overexpression of DLL3 was predictive of shorter progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.043; HR 1.64). Multivariate analysis revealed overexpression of HES4 to be independently associated with inferior OS (p = 0.033; HR 2.03), and overexpression of DLL3 with inferior PFS (p = 0.046; HR 1.65). CONCLUSIONS We identified four genes with SVZ-dependent expression and prognostic significance, among those HES4 and DLL3 as part of Notch signaling, suggesting further evaluation of location-tailored targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Jungk
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Andreas Mock
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Janina Exner
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Geisenberger
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rolf Warta
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Capper
- Department of Neuropathology, Heidelberg University Hospital; CCU Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amir Abdollahi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital; Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sara Friauf
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Lahrmann
- Hamamatsu Tissue and Imaging Analysis Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niels Grabe
- Hamamatsu Tissue and Imaging Analysis Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Beckhove
- Division of Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Department of Neuropathology, Heidelberg University Hospital; CCU Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Unterberg
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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32
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Wanjale MV, Kumar GSV. Peptides as a therapeutic avenue for nanocarrier-aided targeting of glioma. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 14:811-824. [PMID: 27690671 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2017.1242574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Very few successful interventions have been possible in glioma therapy owing to its aggressive nature as well as its hindrance of targeted therapy together with the limited access afforded by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). With the advent of nanotechnology based delivery vehicles such as micelles, dendrimers, polymer-based nanoparticles and nanogels, the breach of the BBB has been facilitated. However, there remains the issue of targeted therapy for glioma cells. Peptide-mediated surface modification of nanocarriers serves this purpose, extending the ability to target glioma further than the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Areas covered: Here we have tried to re-establish the significance of peptides that could be used in various ways for treating glioma. Peptide-embellished nanocarriers used to deliver anticancer drugs; nucleic acids (siRNA, miRNA); micelles or dendrimers grafted with immunogenic glioma-derived peptides used for stimulating active immunity in vaccine therapy, glioma targets for cell penetrating peptides and homing to specific receptors are reviewed. Expert opinion: Peptides have multifunctional potential in targeting, BBB and cell penetration, and can serve as antagonists of various ligands and agonists of particular over-expressed receptors as discussed in this review. Using peptides in targeted personalized therapy would be one step forward and may offer new avenues for glioma therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrunal Vitthal Wanjale
- a Chemical Biology, Nano Drug Delivery Systems, Bio-Innovation Center (BIC) , Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology , Thiruvananthapuram , Kerala , India
| | - G S Vinod Kumar
- a Chemical Biology, Nano Drug Delivery Systems, Bio-Innovation Center (BIC) , Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology , Thiruvananthapuram , Kerala , India
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33
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Neagu MR, Reardon DA. An Update on the Role of Immunotherapy and Vaccine Strategies for Primary Brain Tumors. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2016; 16:54. [PMID: 26454859 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-015-0371-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Existing therapies for glioblastoma (GBM), the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults, have fallen short of improving the dismal patient outcomes, with an average 14-16-month median overall survival. The biological complexity and adaptability of GBM, redundancy of dysregulated signaling pathways, and poor penetration of therapies through the blood-brain barrier contribute to poor therapeutic progress. The current standard of care for newly diagnosed GBM consists of maximal safe resection, followed by fractionated radiotherapy combined with concurrent temozolomide (TMZ) and 6-12 cycles of adjuvant TMZ. At progression, bevacizumab with or without additional chemotherapy is an option for salvage therapy. The recent FDA approval of sipuleucel-T for prostate cancer and ipilumimab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab for select solid tumors and the ongoing trials showing clinical efficacy and response durability herald a new era of cancer treatment with the potential to change standard-of-care treatment across multiple cancers. The evaluation of various immunotherapeutics is advancing for GBM, putting into question the dogma of the CNS as an immuno-privileged site. While the field is yet young, both active immunotherapy involving vaccine strategies and cellular therapy as well as reversal of GBM-induced global immune-suppression through immune checkpoint blockade are showing promising results and revealing essential immunological insights regarding kinetics of the immune response, immune evasion, and correlative biomarkers. The future holds exciting promise in establishing new treatment options for GBM that harness the patients' own immune system by activating it with immune checkpoint inhibitors, providing specificity using vaccine therapy, and allowing for modulation and enhancement by combinatorial approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha R Neagu
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, G4200, 44 Binney St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, WACC 8-835m 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - David A Reardon
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, G4200, 44 Binney St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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34
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Berte N, Piée-Staffa A, Piecha N, Wang M, Borgmann K, Kaina B, Nikolova T. Targeting Homologous Recombination by Pharmacological Inhibitors Enhances the Killing Response of Glioblastoma Cells Treated with Alkylating Drugs. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2665-2678. [PMID: 27474153 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas exhibit a high level of intrinsic and acquired drug resistance and have a dismal prognosis. First- and second-line therapeutics for glioblastomas are alkylating agents, including the chloroethylating nitrosoureas (CNU) lomustine, nimustine, fotemustine, and carmustine. These agents target the tumor DNA, forming O6-chloroethylguanine adducts and secondary DNA interstrand cross-links (ICL). These cross-links are supposed to be converted into DNA double-strand breaks, which trigger cell death pathways. Here, we show that lomustine (CCNU) with moderately toxic doses induces ICLs in glioblastoma cells, inhibits DNA replication fork movement, and provokes the formation of DSBs and chromosomal aberrations. Since homologous recombination (HR) is involved in the repair of DSBs formed in response to CNUs, we elucidated whether pharmacologic inhibitors of HR might have impact on these endpoints and enhance the killing effect. We show that the Rad51 inhibitors RI-1 and B02 greatly ameliorate DSBs, chromosomal changes, and the level of apoptosis and necrosis. We also show that an inhibitor of MRE11, mirin, which blocks the formation of the MRN complex and thus the recognition of DSBs, has a sensitizing effect on these endpoints as well. In a glioma xenograft model, the Rad51 inhibitor RI-1 clearly enhanced the effect of CCNU on tumor growth. The data suggest that pharmacologic inhibition of HR, for example by RI-1, is a reasonable strategy for enhancing the anticancer effect of CNUs. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(11); 2665-78. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Berte
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrea Piée-Staffa
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nadine Piecha
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mengwan Wang
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kerstin Borgmann
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Kaina
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Teodora Nikolova
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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Theeler BJ, Gilbert MR. Investigating therapies in ependymoma. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2016.1191347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brett J. Theeler
- Department of Neurology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Neurology and John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark R. Gilbert
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Qin G, Li X, Chen Z, Liao G, Su Y, Chen Y, Zhang W. Prognostic Value of YKL-40 in Patients with Glioblastoma: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:3264-3270. [PMID: 27090900 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9878-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
YKL-40 is the most highly expressed gene in glioblastoma compared with normal brain tissues. Previous studies assessing the association between YKL-40 and survival in glioblastoma patients reported varying magnitude of estimates. The objective of this meta-analysis was to determine the prognostic value of YKL-40 in glioblastoma patients. PubMed and Embase databases were searched for studies relating to YKL-40 and prognosis of glioblastoma patients. Studies reporting estimates for overall survival by YKL-40 expression in glioblastoma patients were considered eligible. A meta-analysis of included studies was performed using fixed- or random-effect model to calculate the pooled hazard ratio (HR) and 95 % confidence interval (95%CI). Eight studies were ultimately considered eligible and included into the meta-analysis. Those eight studies included 1241 glioblastoma patients. Meta-analysis of those studies showed that high YKL-40 expression was associated with worse overall survival in glioblastoma patients (HR = 1.46, 95%CI 1.33-1.61, P < 0.001). Meta-analysis of studies with adjusted estimates and high quality showed that high YKL-40 expression was independently associated with worse overall survival in glioblastoma patients (HR = 1.50, 95%CI 1.35-1.66, P < 0.001). Both subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis validated the obvious association between high YKL-40 expression and worse overall survival in glioblastoma patients. High YKL-40 expression is independently and markedly associated with worse overall survival in glioblastoma patients. YKL-40 is a good predictive biomarker of prognosis in glioblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, 530022, China
| | - Xianfeng Li
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, 530022, China.
| | - Zilong Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, 530022, China
| | - Guangcha Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, 530022, China
| | - Yu Su
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, 530022, China
| | - Yaode Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, 530022, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 262200, China
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Schernberg A, Marabelle A, Massard C, Armand JP, Dumont S, Deutsch E, Dhermain F. [What's next in glioblastoma treatment: Tumor-targeted or immune-targeted therapies?]. Bull Cancer 2016; 103:484-98. [PMID: 27032303 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma (GBM) is associated with a poor prognosis. This review will discuss different directions of treatment, mostly regarding immunotherapies and combinatorial approaches. DEVELOPMENT Standard treatment for newly diagnosed GBM is maximal and safe surgical resection followed by concurrent radiochemotherapy (RCT) based on temozolomide, allowing 14.6 months median survival. Nowadays, no combination with molecular-targeted therapy had significantly improved prognosis. Phases I and II data are emerging, highlighting the potential efficacy of associations with other therapies. Studies have suggested the potential of targeting tumor stem cells, at less partially responsible for resistance to RCT. There is now some evidence that immunotherapy is also relevant for brain tumors. Treatment strategies have mainly explored vaccines strategies, such as the dendritic cell, heat shock protein or EGFRvIII vaccines. Of the work initiated in melanoma, immune checkpoints inhibitors have exhibited stimulating results. Others trials have demonstrated potential of autologous stimulated lymphocytes. Moreover, strong data indicates that radiation therapy has the potential to promote immunogenicity and create a sort of in situ personalized vaccine. CONCLUSION These data provide strong evidence to support the potential of associating combinatorial targeted and/or immunotherapeutic regimens in patients with GBM that may change patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Schernberg
- Institut Gustave-Roussy, département de radiothérapie, 114, rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France.
| | - Aurélien Marabelle
- Institut Gustave-Roussy, département d'oncologie médicale, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Christophe Massard
- Institut Gustave-Roussy, département d'oncologie médicale, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Armand
- Institut Gustave-Roussy, département d'oncologie médicale, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Sarah Dumont
- Institut Gustave-Roussy, département d'oncologie médicale, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Eric Deutsch
- Institut Gustave-Roussy, département de radiothérapie, 114, rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Frédéric Dhermain
- Institut Gustave-Roussy, département de radiothérapie, 114, rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France
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Clinical aggressiveness of malignant gliomas is linked to augmented metabolism of amino acids. J Neurooncol 2016; 128:57-66. [PMID: 26922345 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-016-2073-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Glutamine, glutamate, asparagine, and aspartate are involved in an enzyme-network that controls nitrogen metabolism. Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase-1 (BCAT1) promotes proliferation of gliomas with wild-type IDH1 and is closely connected to the network. We hypothesized that metabolism of asparagine, glutamine, and branched-chain-amino-acids is associated with progression of malignant gliomas. Gene expression for asparagine synthetase (ASNS), glutaminase (GLS), and BCAT1 were analyzed in 164 gliomas from 156 patients [33-anaplastic gliomas (AG) and 131-glioblastomas (GBM), 64 of which were recurrent GBMs]. ASNS and GLS were twofold higher in GBMs versus AGs. BCAT1 was also higher in GBMs. ASNS expression was twofold higher in recurrent versus new GBMs. Five patients had serial samples: 4-showed higher ASNS and 3-higher GLS at recurrence. We analyzed grade and treatment in 4 groups: (1) low ASNS, GLS, and BCAT1 (n = 96); (2) low ASNS and GLS, but high BCAT1 (n = 26); (3) high ASNS or GLS, but low BCAT1 (n = 25); and (4) high ASNS or GLS and high BCAT1 (n = 17). Ninety-one % of patients (29/32) with grade-III lesions were in group 1. In contrast, 95 % of patients (62/65) in groups 2-4 had GBMs. Treatment was similar in 4 groups (radiotherapy-80 %; temozolomide-30 %; other chemotherapy-50 %). High expression of ASNS, GLS, and BCAT1 were each associated with poor survival in the entire group. The combination of lower ASNS, GLS, and BCAT1 levels correlated with better survival for newly diagnosed GBMs (66 patients; P = 0.0039). Only tumors with lower enzymes showed improved outcome with temozolomide. IDH1(WT) gliomas had higher expression of these genes. Manipulation of amino acid metabolism in malignant gliomas may be further studied for therapeutics development.
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Bartels LE, Mattheolabakis G, Vaeth BM, LaComb JF, Wang R, Zhi J, Komninou D, Rigas B, Mackenzie GG. The novel agent phospho-glycerol-ibuprofen-amide (MDC-330) inhibits glioblastoma growth in mice: an effect mediated by cyclin D1. Carcinogenesis 2016; 37:420-429. [PMID: 26905586 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Given that glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is associated with poor prognosis, new agents are urgently needed. We developed phospho-glycerol-ibuprofen-amide (PGIA), a novel ibuprofen derivative, and evaluated its safety and efficacy in preclinical models of GBM, and its mechanism of action using human GBM cells and animal tumor models. Furthermore, we explored whether formulating PGIA in polymeric nanoparticles could enhance its levels in the brain. PGIA was 3.7- to 5.1-fold more potent than ibuprofen in suppressing the growth of human GBM cell lines. PGIA 0.75× IC50 inhibited cell proliferation by 91 and 87% in human LN-229 and U87-MG GBM cells, respectively, and induced strong G1/S arrest.In vivo, compared with control, PGIA reduced U118-MG and U87-MG xenograft growth by 77 and 56%, respectively (P< 0.05), and was >2-fold more efficacious than ibuprofen. Normal human astrocytes were resistant to PGIA, indicating selectivity. Mechanistically, PGIA reduced cyclin D1 levels in a time- and concentration-dependent manner in GBM cells and in xenografts. PGIA induced cyclin D1 degradation via the proteasome pathway and induced dephosphorylation of GSK3β, which was required for cyclin D1 turnover. Furthermore, cyclin D1 overexpression rescued GBM cells from the cell growth inhibition by PGIA. Moreover, the formulation of PGIA in poly-(L)-lactic acid poly(ethylene glycol) polymeric nanoparticles improved its pharmacokinetics in mice, delivering PGIA to the brain. PGIA displays strong efficacy against GBM, crosses the blood-brain barrier when properly formulated, reaching the target tissue, and establishes cyclin D1 as an important molecular target. Thus, PGIA merits further evaluation as a potential therapeutic option for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ruixue Wang
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine
| | - Jizu Zhi
- Department of Bioinformatics, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY 11794-8175 , USA
| | | | - Basil Rigas
- Department of Medicine and.,Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8175, USA
| | - Gerardo G Mackenzie
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine.,Department of Medicine and.,Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8175, USA
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Speicher NK, Pfeifer N. Integrating different data types by regularized unsupervised multiple kernel learning with application to cancer subtype discovery. Bioinformatics 2015; 31:i268-75. [PMID: 26072491 PMCID: PMC4765854 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btv244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation: Despite ongoing cancer research, available therapies are still limited in quantity and effectiveness, and making treatment decisions for individual patients remains a hard problem. Established subtypes, which help guide these decisions, are mainly based on individual data types. However, the analysis of multidimensional patient data involving the measurements of various molecular features could reveal intrinsic characteristics of the tumor. Large-scale projects accumulate this kind of data for various cancer types, but we still lack the computational methods to reliably integrate this information in a meaningful manner. Therefore, we apply and extend current multiple kernel learning for dimensionality reduction approaches. On the one hand, we add a regularization term to avoid overfitting during the optimization procedure, and on the other hand, we show that one can even use several kernels per data type and thereby alleviate the user from having to choose the best kernel functions and kernel parameters for each data type beforehand. Results: We have identified biologically meaningful subgroups for five different cancer types. Survival analysis has revealed significant differences between the survival times of the identified subtypes, with P values comparable or even better than state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, our resulting subtypes reflect combined patterns from the different data sources, and we demonstrate that input kernel matrices with only little information have less impact on the integrated kernel matrix. Our subtypes show different responses to specific therapies, which could eventually assist in treatment decision making. Availability and implementation: An executable is available upon request. Contact:nora@mpi-inf.mpg.de or npfeifer@mpi-inf.mpg.de
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora K Speicher
- Department of Computational Biology and Applied Algorithmics, Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Campus E1.4, 66123 Saarbrücken and Saarbrücken Graduate School of Computer Science, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken Department of Computational Biology and Applied Algorithmics, Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Campus E1.4, 66123 Saarbrücken and Saarbrücken Graduate School of Computer Science, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken
| | - Nico Pfeifer
- Department of Computational Biology and Applied Algorithmics, Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Campus E1.4, 66123 Saarbrücken and Saarbrücken Graduate School of Computer Science, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken
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Kim JW, Young JS, Solomaha E, Kanojia D, Lesniak MS, Balyasnikova IV. A novel single-chain antibody redirects adenovirus to IL13Rα2-expressing brain tumors. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18133. [PMID: 26656559 PMCID: PMC4677343 DOI: 10.1038/srep18133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of a targeting agent that strictly binds to IL13Rα2 will significantly expand the therapeutic potential for the treatment of IL13Rα2-expressing cancers. In order to fulfill this goal, we generated a single-chain antibody (scFv47) from our parental IL13Rα2 monoclonal antibody and tested its binding properties. Furthermore, to demonstrate the potential therapeutic applicability of scFv47, we engineered an adenovirus by incorporating scFv47 as the targeting moiety in the viral fiber and characterized its properties in vitro and in vivo. The scFv47 binds to human recombinant IL13Rα2, but not to IL13Rα1 with a high affinity of 0.9 · 10−9 M, similar to that of the parental antibody. Moreover, the scFv47 successfully redirects adenovirus to IL13Rα2 expressing glioma cells both in vitro and in vivo. Our data validate scFv47 as a highly selective IL13Rα2 targeting agent and justify further development of scFv47-modified oncolytic adenovirus and other therapeutics for the treatment of IL13Rα2-expressing glioma and other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius W Kim
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jacob S Young
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Elena Solomaha
- Biophysics Core Facility, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Deepak Kanojia
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Abstract
Glioblastoma is a refractory malignancy with limited treatment options at tumor recurrence. Only a small proportion of patients survive 2 years or longer with the current standard of care. Gene expression profiling can segregate newly diagnosed patients into groups with different prognoses, and these biomarkers are being incorporated into a new generation of personalized clinical trials. Using the experience from recently completed large scale, multi-faceted, randomized glioblastoma clinical trials, a new clinical trial paradigm is being established to move promising therapies forward into the newly diagnosed treatment setting. Upcoming trials using the immune check-point inhibitors are an example of this changing paradigm and these and other immunotherapies have potential as promising new treatment modalities for newly diagnosed GB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett J Theeler
- Department of Neurology and John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Building 19, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA.
| | - Mark R Gilbert
- National Institutes of Health, 9030 Old Georgetown Road, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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MA PAN, HE QIANG, LI WEI, LI XIANLIANG, HAN HUAMIN, JIN MENGMENG, LIU CHANGZHEN, TAO HUA, MA JUAN, GAO BIN. Anti-CD3 x EGFR bispecific antibody redirects cytokine-induced killer cells to glioblastoma in vitro and in vivo. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:2567-75. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Kang JH, Adamson C. Novel chemotherapeutics and other therapies for treating high-grade glioma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2015; 24:1361-79. [PMID: 26289791 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2015.1048332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite extensive research, high-grade glioma (HGG) remains a dire diagnosis with no change in the standard of care in almost a decade. However, recent advancements uncovering molecular biomarkers of brain tumors and tumor-specific antigens targeted by immunotherapies provide opportunities for novel personalized treatment regimens to improve survival. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors provide a comprehensive overview of recent therapeutic advancements in HGG. Furthermore, they describe new molecular biomarkers and molecular classifications, in addition to updated research on bevacizumab, targeted molecular therapies, immunotherapy and alternative delivery methods that overcome the blood-brain barrier to reach the target tumor tissue. Challenges regarding each therapy are also outlined. The authors also provide some insight into a novel non-chemotherapeutic treatment for malignant glioma, NovoTTFA, as well as a summary of current treatment options for recurrence. EXPERT OPINION Current research for treating malignant gliomas are paving the path to personalized therapy, including immunotherapy, that involve integrated genomic and histolopathologic data, as well as a multi-modal treatment regimen. Immunotherapy will potentially be the next addition to the current standard of care, specialized to the antigens presented on the tumors. The results of the current trials of multi-antigen vaccines are eagerly anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Kang
- a 1 Duke University School of Medicine , Box 3807, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cory Adamson
- b 2 Director, Molecular Neuro-oncology Lab, Duke Medical Center , DUMC Box 3807, Durham, NC, USA.,c 3 Chief of Neurosurgery, Durham VA Medical Center , 508 Fulton Street, Durham, NC, USA +1 919 698 3152 ; .,d 4 Duke Medical Center , DUMC Box 3807, Durham, NC, USA
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Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common intracranial malignancy that constitutes about 50 % of all gliomas. Despite aggressive, multimodal therapy consisting of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, the outcome of patients with glioblastoma remains poor with 5-year survival rates of <10 %. Resistance to conventional therapies is most likely caused by several factors. Alterations in the functions of local immune mediators may represent a critical contributor to this resistance. The tumor microenvironment contains innate and adaptive immune cells in addition to the cancer cells and their surrounding stroma. These various cells communicate with each other by means of direct cell-cell contact or by soluble factors including cytokines and chemokines, and act in autocrine and paracrine manners to modulate tumor growth. There are dynamic interactions among the local immune elements and the tumor cells, where primarily the protective immune cells attempt to overcome the malignant cells. However, by developing somatic mutations and epigenetic modifications, the glioblastoma tumor cells acquire the capability of counteracting the local immune responses, and even exploit the immune cells and products for their own growth benefits. In this review, we survey those immune mechanisms that likely contribute to glioblastoma pathogenesis and may serve as a basis for novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Eder
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Markusovszky University Teaching Hospital, Markusovszky Street 5, Szombathely, 9700, Hungary.
| | - Bernadette Kalman
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Markusovszky University Teaching Hospital, Markusovszky Street 5, Szombathely, 9700, Hungary
- University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
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47
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Ung N, Yang I. Nanotechnology to augment immunotherapy for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme. J Neurooncol 2015; 123:473-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-015-1814-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Lan F, Pan Q, Yu H, Yue X. Sulforaphane enhances temozolomide-induced apoptosis because of down-regulation of miR-21 via Wnt/β-catenin signaling in glioblastoma. J Neurochem 2015; 134:811-8. [PMID: 25991372 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) has been widely used in the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM), although inherent or acquired resistance restricts the application. This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of sulforaphane (SFN) to TMZ-induced apoptosis in GBM cells and the potential mechanism. Biochemical assays and subcutaneous tumor establishment were used to characterize the function of SFN in TMZ-induced apoptosis. Our results revealed that β-catenin and miR-21 were concordantly expressed in GBM cell lines, and SFN significantly reduced miR-21 expression through inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin/TCF4 pathway. Furthermore, down-regulation of miR-21 enhanced the pro-apoptotic efficacy of TMZ in GBM cells. Finally, we observed that SFN strengthened TMZ-mediated apoptosis in a miR-21-dependent manner. In conclusion, SFN effectively enhances TMZ-induced apoptosis by inhibiting miR-21 via Wnt/β-catenin signaling in GBM cells. These findings support the use of SFN for potential therapeutic approach to overcome TMZ resistance in GBM treatment. Our studies indicate that sulforaphane (SFN) enhances temozolomide (TMZ)-induced apoptosis because of down-regulation of miR-21 through Wnt/β-catenin signaling in glioblastoma (GBM) cells. These findings demonstrate SFN could be considered as a potential adjuvant therapeutic agent in treating GBM patients combined with TMZ in the future to affect resistance emergence. The further explorations are essential for the clinical application of SFN in GBM patients, and our results reveal an important mechanism of SFN chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activity. Chr17, chromosome 17.
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Affiliation(s)
- FengMing Lan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Laiwu City People's Hospital, Laiwu, Shandong, China
| | - Huiming Yu
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of radiotherapy, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijin, China
| | - Xiao Yue
- Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin Neurosurgery Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin, China
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Prados MD, Byron SA, Tran NL, Phillips JJ, Molinaro AM, Ligon KL, Wen PY, Kuhn JG, Mellinghoff IK, de Groot JF, Colman H, Cloughesy TF, Chang SM, Ryken TC, Tembe WD, Kiefer JA, Berens ME, Craig DW, Carpten JD, Trent JM. Toward precision medicine in glioblastoma: the promise and the challenges. Neuro Oncol 2015; 17:1051-63. [PMID: 25934816 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrated sequencing strategies have provided a broader understanding of the genomic landscape and molecular classifications of multiple cancer types and have identified various therapeutic opportunities across cancer subsets. Despite pivotal advances in the characterization of genomic alterations in glioblastoma, targeted agents have shown minimal efficacy in clinical trials to date, and patient survival remains poor. In this review, we highlight potential reasons why targeting single alterations has yielded limited clinical efficacy in glioblastoma, focusing on issues of tumor heterogeneity and pharmacokinetic failure. We outline strategies to address these challenges in applying precision medicine to glioblastoma and the rationale for applying targeted combination therapy approaches that match genomic alterations with compounds accessible to the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Prados
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P, J.J.P., A.M.M., S.M.C.); Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona (S.A.B., N.L.T., W.D.T., J.A.K., M.E.B., D.W.C., J.D.C., J.M.T.); Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., P.Y.W.); University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas (J.G.K.); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (I.K.M.); The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.F.d.G.); University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Iowa Spine and Brain Institute, Waterloo, Iowa (T.C.R.)
| | - Sara A Byron
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P, J.J.P., A.M.M., S.M.C.); Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona (S.A.B., N.L.T., W.D.T., J.A.K., M.E.B., D.W.C., J.D.C., J.M.T.); Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., P.Y.W.); University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas (J.G.K.); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (I.K.M.); The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.F.d.G.); University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Iowa Spine and Brain Institute, Waterloo, Iowa (T.C.R.)
| | - Nhan L Tran
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P, J.J.P., A.M.M., S.M.C.); Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona (S.A.B., N.L.T., W.D.T., J.A.K., M.E.B., D.W.C., J.D.C., J.M.T.); Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., P.Y.W.); University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas (J.G.K.); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (I.K.M.); The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.F.d.G.); University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Iowa Spine and Brain Institute, Waterloo, Iowa (T.C.R.)
| | - Joanna J Phillips
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P, J.J.P., A.M.M., S.M.C.); Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona (S.A.B., N.L.T., W.D.T., J.A.K., M.E.B., D.W.C., J.D.C., J.M.T.); Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., P.Y.W.); University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas (J.G.K.); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (I.K.M.); The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.F.d.G.); University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Iowa Spine and Brain Institute, Waterloo, Iowa (T.C.R.)
| | - Annette M Molinaro
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P, J.J.P., A.M.M., S.M.C.); Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona (S.A.B., N.L.T., W.D.T., J.A.K., M.E.B., D.W.C., J.D.C., J.M.T.); Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., P.Y.W.); University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas (J.G.K.); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (I.K.M.); The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.F.d.G.); University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Iowa Spine and Brain Institute, Waterloo, Iowa (T.C.R.)
| | - Keith L Ligon
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P, J.J.P., A.M.M., S.M.C.); Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona (S.A.B., N.L.T., W.D.T., J.A.K., M.E.B., D.W.C., J.D.C., J.M.T.); Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., P.Y.W.); University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas (J.G.K.); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (I.K.M.); The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.F.d.G.); University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Iowa Spine and Brain Institute, Waterloo, Iowa (T.C.R.)
| | - Patrick Y Wen
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P, J.J.P., A.M.M., S.M.C.); Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona (S.A.B., N.L.T., W.D.T., J.A.K., M.E.B., D.W.C., J.D.C., J.M.T.); Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., P.Y.W.); University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas (J.G.K.); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (I.K.M.); The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.F.d.G.); University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Iowa Spine and Brain Institute, Waterloo, Iowa (T.C.R.)
| | - John G Kuhn
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P, J.J.P., A.M.M., S.M.C.); Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona (S.A.B., N.L.T., W.D.T., J.A.K., M.E.B., D.W.C., J.D.C., J.M.T.); Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., P.Y.W.); University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas (J.G.K.); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (I.K.M.); The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.F.d.G.); University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Iowa Spine and Brain Institute, Waterloo, Iowa (T.C.R.)
| | - Ingo K Mellinghoff
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P, J.J.P., A.M.M., S.M.C.); Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona (S.A.B., N.L.T., W.D.T., J.A.K., M.E.B., D.W.C., J.D.C., J.M.T.); Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., P.Y.W.); University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas (J.G.K.); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (I.K.M.); The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.F.d.G.); University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Iowa Spine and Brain Institute, Waterloo, Iowa (T.C.R.)
| | - John F de Groot
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P, J.J.P., A.M.M., S.M.C.); Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona (S.A.B., N.L.T., W.D.T., J.A.K., M.E.B., D.W.C., J.D.C., J.M.T.); Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., P.Y.W.); University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas (J.G.K.); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (I.K.M.); The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.F.d.G.); University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Iowa Spine and Brain Institute, Waterloo, Iowa (T.C.R.)
| | - Howard Colman
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P, J.J.P., A.M.M., S.M.C.); Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona (S.A.B., N.L.T., W.D.T., J.A.K., M.E.B., D.W.C., J.D.C., J.M.T.); Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., P.Y.W.); University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas (J.G.K.); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (I.K.M.); The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.F.d.G.); University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Iowa Spine and Brain Institute, Waterloo, Iowa (T.C.R.)
| | - Timothy F Cloughesy
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P, J.J.P., A.M.M., S.M.C.); Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona (S.A.B., N.L.T., W.D.T., J.A.K., M.E.B., D.W.C., J.D.C., J.M.T.); Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., P.Y.W.); University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas (J.G.K.); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (I.K.M.); The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.F.d.G.); University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Iowa Spine and Brain Institute, Waterloo, Iowa (T.C.R.)
| | - Susan M Chang
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P, J.J.P., A.M.M., S.M.C.); Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona (S.A.B., N.L.T., W.D.T., J.A.K., M.E.B., D.W.C., J.D.C., J.M.T.); Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., P.Y.W.); University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas (J.G.K.); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (I.K.M.); The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.F.d.G.); University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Iowa Spine and Brain Institute, Waterloo, Iowa (T.C.R.)
| | - Timothy C Ryken
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P, J.J.P., A.M.M., S.M.C.); Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona (S.A.B., N.L.T., W.D.T., J.A.K., M.E.B., D.W.C., J.D.C., J.M.T.); Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., P.Y.W.); University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas (J.G.K.); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (I.K.M.); The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.F.d.G.); University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Iowa Spine and Brain Institute, Waterloo, Iowa (T.C.R.)
| | - Waibhav D Tembe
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P, J.J.P., A.M.M., S.M.C.); Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona (S.A.B., N.L.T., W.D.T., J.A.K., M.E.B., D.W.C., J.D.C., J.M.T.); Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., P.Y.W.); University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas (J.G.K.); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (I.K.M.); The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.F.d.G.); University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Iowa Spine and Brain Institute, Waterloo, Iowa (T.C.R.)
| | - Jeffrey A Kiefer
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P, J.J.P., A.M.M., S.M.C.); Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona (S.A.B., N.L.T., W.D.T., J.A.K., M.E.B., D.W.C., J.D.C., J.M.T.); Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., P.Y.W.); University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas (J.G.K.); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (I.K.M.); The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.F.d.G.); University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Iowa Spine and Brain Institute, Waterloo, Iowa (T.C.R.)
| | - Michael E Berens
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P, J.J.P., A.M.M., S.M.C.); Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona (S.A.B., N.L.T., W.D.T., J.A.K., M.E.B., D.W.C., J.D.C., J.M.T.); Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., P.Y.W.); University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas (J.G.K.); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (I.K.M.); The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.F.d.G.); University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Iowa Spine and Brain Institute, Waterloo, Iowa (T.C.R.)
| | - David W Craig
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P, J.J.P., A.M.M., S.M.C.); Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona (S.A.B., N.L.T., W.D.T., J.A.K., M.E.B., D.W.C., J.D.C., J.M.T.); Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., P.Y.W.); University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas (J.G.K.); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (I.K.M.); The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.F.d.G.); University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Iowa Spine and Brain Institute, Waterloo, Iowa (T.C.R.)
| | - John D Carpten
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P, J.J.P., A.M.M., S.M.C.); Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona (S.A.B., N.L.T., W.D.T., J.A.K., M.E.B., D.W.C., J.D.C., J.M.T.); Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., P.Y.W.); University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas (J.G.K.); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (I.K.M.); The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.F.d.G.); University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Iowa Spine and Brain Institute, Waterloo, Iowa (T.C.R.)
| | - Jeffrey M Trent
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P, J.J.P., A.M.M., S.M.C.); Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona (S.A.B., N.L.T., W.D.T., J.A.K., M.E.B., D.W.C., J.D.C., J.M.T.); Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., P.Y.W.); University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas (J.G.K.); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (I.K.M.); The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.F.d.G.); University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Iowa Spine and Brain Institute, Waterloo, Iowa (T.C.R.)
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Combining immunotherapy with radiation for the treatment of glioblastoma. J Neurooncol 2015; 123:459-64. [PMID: 25877468 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-015-1762-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a devastating cancer with universally poor outcomes in spite of current standard multimodal therapy. Immunotherapy is an attractive new treatment modality given its potential for exquisite specificity and its favorable side effect profile; however, clinical trials of immunotherapy in GBM have thus far shown modest benefit. Optimally combining radiation with immunotherapy may be the key to unlocking the potential of both therapies given the evidence that radiation can enhance anti-tumor immunity. Here we review this evidence and discuss considerations for combined therapy.
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