1
|
Fadlallah H, El Masri J, Fakhereddine H, Youssef J, Chemaly C, Doughan S, Abou-Kheir W. Colorectal cancer: Recent advances in management and treatment. World J Clin Oncol 2024; 15:1136-1156. [DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v15.i9.1136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, and the second most common cause of cancer-related death. In 2020, the estimated number of deaths due to CRC was approximately 930000, accounting for 10% of all cancer deaths worldwide. Accordingly, there is a vast amount of ongoing research aiming to find new and improved treatment modalities for CRC that can potentially increase survival and decrease overall morbidity and mortality. Current management strategies for CRC include surgical procedures for resectable cases, and radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, in addition to their combination, for non-resectable tumors. Despite these options, CRC remains incurable in 50% of cases. Nonetheless, significant improvements in research techniques have allowed for treatment approaches for CRC to be frequently updated, leading to the availability of new drugs and therapeutic strategies. This review summarizes the most recent therapeutic approaches for CRC, with special emphasis on new strategies that are currently being studied and have great potential to improve the prognosis and lifespan of patients with CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Fadlallah
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Jad El Masri
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Hiam Fakhereddine
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Joe Youssef
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Chrystelle Chemaly
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Samer Doughan
- Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nsairat H, Jaber AM, Faddah H, Ahmad S. Oleuropein impact on colorectal cancer. Future Sci OA 2024; 10:FSO. [PMID: 38817366 PMCID: PMC11137855 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is considered the third most common cancer in the world. In Mediterranean region, olives and olive oil play a substantial role in diet and medical traditional behaviors. They totally believe that high consumption of olive products can treat a wide range of diseases and decrease risk of illness. Oleuropein is the main active antioxidant molecule found in pre-mature olive fruit and leaves. Recently, it has been demonstrated that oleuropein is used in cancer therapy as an anti-proliferative and apoptotic agent for some cancer cells. In this review, we would like to explore the conclusive effects of oleuropein on CRC with respect to in vitro and in vivo studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi Nsairat
- Pharmacological & Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, 19328, Jordan
| | - Areej M Jaber
- Pharmacological & Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, 19328, Jordan
| | - Haya Faddah
- Pharmacological & Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, 19328, Jordan
| | - Somaya Ahmad
- Pharmacological & Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, 19328, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li T, Yao J. Unveiling the hub genes in the SIGLECs family in colon adenocarcinoma with machine learning. Front Genet 2024; 15:1375100. [PMID: 38650859 PMCID: PMC11033367 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1375100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the recognized roles of Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectins (SIGLECs) in endocytosis and immune regulation across cancers, their molecular intricacies in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) are underexplored. Meanwhile, the complicated interactions between different SIGLECs are also crucial but open questions. Methods We investigate the correlation between SIGLECs and various properties, including cancer status, prognosis, clinical features, functional enrichment, immune cell abundances, immune checkpoints, pathways, etc. To fully understand the behavior of multiple SIGLECs' co-evolution and subtract its leading effect, we additionally apply three unsupervised machine learning algorithms, namely, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Self-Organizing Maps (SOM), K-means, and two supervised learning algorithms, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and neural network (NN). Results We find significantly lower expression levels in COAD samples, together with a systematic enhancement in the correlations between distinct SIGLECs. We demonstrate SIGLEC14 significantly affects the Overall Survival (OS) according to the Hazzard ratio, while using PCA further enhances the sensitivity to both OS and Disease Free Interval (DFI). We find any single SIGLEC is uncorrelated to the cancer stages, which can be significantly improved by using PCA. We further identify SIGLEC-1,15 and CD22 as hub genes in COAD through Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs), which is consistent with our PCA-identified key components PC-1,2,5 considering both the correlation with cancer status and immune cell abundance. As an extension, we use SOM for the visualization of the SIGLECs and show the similarities and differences between COAD patients. SOM can also help us define subsamples according to the SIGLECs status, with corresponding changes in both immune cells and cancer T-stage, for instance. Conclusion We conclude SIGLEC-1,15 and CD22 as the most promising hub genes in the SIGLECs family in treating COAD. PCA offers significant enhancement in the prognosis and clinical analyses, while using SOM further unveils the transition phases or potential subtypes of COAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Yao
- Department of Astronomy, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Saadh MJ, Mohamed AH, Almoyad MAA, Allela OQB, Amin AH, Malquisto AA, Jin WT, Sârbu I, AlShamsi F, Elsaid FG, Akhavan-Sigari R. Dual role of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells and their cell-free extracellular vesicles in colorectal cancer. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3962. [PMID: 38491792 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths. However, the surgical control of the CRC progression is difficult, and in most cases, the metastasis leads to cancer-related mortality. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) with potential translational applications in regenerative medicine have been widely researched for several years. MSCs could affect tumor development through secreting exosomes. The beneficial properties of stem cells are attributed to their cell-cell interactions as well as the secretion of paracrine factors in the tissue microenvironment. For several years, exosomes have been used as a cell-free therapy to regulate the fate of tumor cells in a tumor microenvironment. This review discusses the recent advances and current understanding of assessing MSC-derived exosomes for possible cell-free therapy in CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed J Saadh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman, Jordan
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Asma'a H Mohamed
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Technologies, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babil, Hilla, Iraq
| | - Muhammad Ali Abdullah Almoyad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Mushait, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ali H Amin
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - April Ann Malquisto
- Abuyog Community College, Abuyog Leyte, Philippines
- ESL Science Teacher, Tacloban City, Tacloban, Philippines
- Department of Art Sciences and Education, Tacloban City, Philippines
| | - Wong Tze Jin
- Department of Science and Technology, Faculty of Humanities, Management and Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, Sarawak, Malaysia
- Institute for Mathematical Research, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ioan Sârbu
- 2nd Department of Surgery-Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Romania
| | - Faisal AlShamsi
- Dubai Health Authority, Primary Health Care Department, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fahmy Gad Elsaid
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Asir, Abha, Al-Faraa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reza Akhavan-Sigari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Health Care Management and Clinical Research, Collegium Humanum Warsaw Management University, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bergin CJ, Zouggar A, Mendes da Silva A, Fenouil T, Haebe JR, Masibag AN, Agrawal G, Shah MS, Sandouka T, Tiberi M, Auer RC, Ardolino M, Benoit YD. The dopamine transporter antagonist vanoxerine inhibits G9a and suppresses cancer stem cell functions in colon tumors. NATURE CANCER 2024; 5:463-480. [PMID: 38351181 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-024-00727-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), functionally characterized by self-renewal and tumor-initiating activity, contribute to decreased tumor immunogenicity, while fostering tumor growth and metastasis. Targeting G9a histone methyltransferase (HMTase) effectively blocks CSC functions in colorectal tumors by altering pluripotent-like molecular networks; however, existing molecules directly targeting G9a HMTase activity failed to reach clinical stages due to safety concerns. Using a stem cell-based phenotypic drug-screening pipeline, we identified the dopamine transporter (DAT) antagonist vanoxerine, a compound with previously demonstrated clinical safety, as a cancer-specific downregulator of G9a expression. Here we show that gene silencing and chemical antagonism of DAT impede colorectal CSC functions by repressing G9a expression. Antagonizing DAT also enhanced tumor lymphocytic infiltration by activating endogenous transposable elements and type-I interferon response. Our study unveils the direct implication of the DAT-G9a axis in the maintenance of CSC populations and an approach to improve antitumor immune response in colon tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Bergin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aïcha Zouggar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Mendes da Silva
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tanguy Fenouil
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Institut de Pathologie Multisite des Hospices Civils de Lyon, Site Est, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Bron, France
| | - Joshua R Haebe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angelique N Masibag
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gautam Agrawal
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Muhammad S Shah
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tamara Sandouka
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mario Tiberi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca C Auer
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Center for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michele Ardolino
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Center for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yannick D Benoit
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bess SN, Igoe MJ, Muldoon TJ. Live-Cell Imaging Quantifies Changes in Function and Metabolic NADH Autofluorescence During Macrophage-Mediated Phagocytosis of Tumor Cells. Immunol Invest 2024; 53:210-223. [PMID: 37999933 PMCID: PMC10959688 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2023.2284369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immune system has evolved to detect foreign antigens and deliver coordinated responses, while minimizing "friendly fire." Until recently, studies investigating the behavior of immune cells were limited to static in vitro measurements. Although static measurements allow for real-time imaging, results are often difficult to translate to an in vivo setting. Multiphoton microscopy is an emerging method to capture spatial information on subcellular events and characterize the local microenvironment. Previous studies have shown that multiphoton microscopy can monitor changes in single-cell macrophage heterogeneity during differentiation. Therefore, there is a need to use multiphoton microscopy to monitor molecular interactions during immunological activities like phagocytosis. Here we investigate the correlation between phagocytic function and changes in endogenous optical reporters during phagocytosis. METHODS In vitro autofluorescence imaging of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) was used to detect metabolic changes in macrophages during phagocytosis. More specifically, optical redox ratio, mean NADH fluorescence lifetime and ratio of free to protein-bound NADH were used to quantify changes in metabolism. RESULTS Results show that IFN-γ (M1) macrophages showed decreased optical redox ratios and mean NADH lifetime while phagocytosing immunogenic cancer cells compared to metastatic cells. To validate phagocytic function, a fluorescence microscopy-based protocol using a pH-sensitive fluorescent probe was used. Results indicate that M0 and M1 macrophages show similar trends in phagocytic potential. CONCLUSION Overall, this work demonstrates that in vitro multiphoton imaging can be used to longitudinally track changes in phagocytosis and endogenous metabolic cofactors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shelby N. Bess
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Matthew J. Igoe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Timothy J. Muldoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chakraborty B, Agarwal S, Kori S, Das R, Kashaw V, Iyer AK, Kashaw SK. Multiple Protein Biomarkers and Different Treatment Strategies for Colorectal Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Prospective. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:3286-3326. [PMID: 37151060 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230505165031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we emphasized important biomarkers, pathogenesis, and newly developed therapeutic approaches in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). This includes a complete description of small-molecule inhibitors, phytopharmaceuticals with antiproliferative potential, monoclonal antibodies for targeted therapy, vaccinations as immunotherapeutic agents, and many innovative strategies to intervene in the interaction of oncogenic proteins. Many factors combine to determine the clinical behavior of colorectal cancer and it is still difficult to comprehend the molecular causes of a person's vulnerability to CRC. It is also challenging to identify the causes of the tumor's onset, progression, and responsiveness or resistance to antitumor treatment. Current recommendations for targeted medications are being updated by guidelines throughout the world in light of the growing number of high-quality clinical studies. So, being concerned about the aforementioned aspects, we have tried to present a summarized pathogenic view, including a brief description of biomarkers and an update of compounds with their underlying mechanisms that are currently under various stages of clinical testing. This will help to identify gaps or shortfalls that can be addressed in upcoming colorectal cancer research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biswadip Chakraborty
- Integrated Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar (MP), India
| | - Shivangi Agarwal
- Integrated Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar (MP), India
| | - Shivam Kori
- Integrated Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar (MP), India
| | - Ratnesh Das
- Department of Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-Punjab, India
| | - Varsha Kashaw
- Sagar Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sagar (M.P.), India
| | - Arun K Iyer
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Molecular Imaging Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar Kashaw
- Integrated Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar (MP), India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang Y, Zhao T, Huang C, Liu F, Zhang Y, Kong D, Fan Z. Effect and mechanism of Banxia Xiexin decoction in colorectal cancer: A network pharmacology approach. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 123:155174. [PMID: 38039904 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Banxia Xiexin decoction (BXD) is a traditional Chinese medicine with anti-colorectal cancer (CRC) activity. However, its bioactive constituents and its mechanism of action remain unclear. Herein, we explored the mechanism of action of BXD against CRC using a network pharmacology approach. METHODS First, the targets of the main chemical components of BXD were predicted and collected through a database, and the intersection of compound targets and disease targets was obtained. Subsequently, protein-protein interaction network analysis, Gene Ontology enrichment, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis were performed to explore the potential mechanisms underlying the effects of BXD on CRC. Finally, a CRC cell model and a CRC xenograft model in nude mice were utilized to further determine the mechanism of action. RESULTS A compound-therapeutic target network of BXD was constructed, revealing 146 cellular targets of BXD. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling axis was identified as the main target of BXD. Using in vitro and in vivo models, the activity of BXD against CRC was found to be mediated through ferritinophagy by targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis, leading to intracellular iron accumulation, reactive oxygen species activation, and finally ferroptosis. CONCLUSIONS Through the application of network pharmacology and in vitro/in vivo validation experiments, we discovered that BXD exerts anti-CRC effects via the ferritinophagy pathway. Furthermore, we elucidated the potential mechanism underlying its induction of ferritinophagy. These findings demonstrate the significant potential of traditional drugs in managing CRC and support their wider clinical application in combination chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Colon and Rectal Surgery, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210022, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chuyue Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Clinical Innovation Center For Anorectal Diseases of T.C.M, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210022, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Colon and Rectal Surgery, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210022, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Colon and Rectal Surgery, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210022, China.
| | - Desong Kong
- Chinese Medicine Modernization and Big Data Research Center, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210022, China; Jiangsu Clinical Innovation Center For Anorectal Diseases of T.C.M, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210022, China.
| | - Zhimin Fan
- Colon and Rectal Surgery, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210022, China; Jiangsu Clinical Innovation Center For Anorectal Diseases of T.C.M, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
He X, Lan H, Jin K, Liu F. Can immunotherapy reinforce chemotherapy efficacy? a new perspective on colorectal cancer treatment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1237764. [PMID: 37790928 PMCID: PMC10543914 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1237764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the main threats to human life (the fourth most dangerous and prevalent cancer), colorectal cancer affects many people yearly, decreases patients' quality of life, and causes irreparable financial and social damages. In addition, this type of cancer can metastasize and involve the liver in advanced stages. However, current treatments can't completely eradicate this disease. Chemotherapy and subsequent surgery can be mentioned among the current main treatments for this disease. Chemotherapy has many side effects, and regarding the treatment of this type of tumor, chemotherapy can lead to liver damage, such as steatohepatitis, steatosis, and sinus damage. These damages can eventually lead to liver failure and loss of its functions. Therefore, it seems that other treatments can be used in addition to chemotherapy to increase its efficiency and reduce its side effects. Biological therapies and immunotherapy are one of the leading suggestions for combined treatment. Antibodies (immune checkpoint blockers) and cell therapy (DC and CAR-T cells) are among the immune system-based treatments used to treat tumors. Immunotherapy targets various aspects of the tumor that may lead to 1) the recruitment of immune cells, 2) increasing the immunogenicity of tumor cells, and 3) leading to the elimination of inhibitory mechanisms established by the tumor. Therefore, immunotherapy can be used as a complementary treatment along with chemotherapy. This review will discuss different chemotherapy and immunotherapy methods for colorectal cancer. Then we will talk about the studies that have dealt with combined treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinhua Wenrong Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huanrong Lan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ketao Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fanlong Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Matos AI, Peres C, Carreira B, Moura LIF, Acúrcio RC, Vogel T, Wegener E, Ribeiro F, Afonso MB, Santos FMF, Martínez‐Barriocanal Á, Arango D, Viana AS, Góis PMP, Silva LC, Rodrigues CMP, Graca L, Jordan R, Satchi‐Fainaro R, Florindo HF. Polyoxazoline-Based Nanovaccine Synergizes with Tumor-Associated Macrophage Targeting and Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy against Solid Tumors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300299. [PMID: 37434063 PMCID: PMC10477894 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade reaches remarkable clinical responses. However, even in the most favorable cases, half of these patients do not benefit from these therapies in the long term. It is hypothesized that the activation of host immunity by co-delivering peptide antigens, adjuvants, and regulators of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β expression using a polyoxazoline (POx)-poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanovaccine, while modulating the tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) function within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and blocking the anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) can constitute an alternative approach for cancer immunotherapy. POx-Mannose (Man) nanovaccines generate antigen-specific T-cell responses that control tumor growth to a higher extent than poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-Man nanovaccines. This anti-tumor effect induced by the POx-Man nanovaccines is mediated by a CD8+ -T cell-dependent mechanism, in contrast to the PEG-Man nanovaccines. POx-Man nanovaccine combines with pexidartinib, a modulator of the TAM function, restricts the MC38 tumor growth, and synergizes with PD-1 blockade, controlling MC38 and CT26 tumor growth and survival. This data is further validated in the highly aggressive and poorly immunogenic B16F10 melanoma mouse model. Therefore, the synergistic anti-tumor effect induced by the combination of nanovaccines with the inhibition of both TAM- and PD-1-inducing immunosuppression, holds great potential for improving immunotherapy outcomes in solid cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana I. Matos
- Grouf of BioNanoSciences ‐ Drug Delivery and Immunoengineering, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Health TechnologiesFaculty of PharmacyUniversidade de LisboaLisbon1649‐003Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Lisbon Academic Medical CenterUniversidade de LisboaLisbon1649‐028Portugal
| | - Carina Peres
- Grouf of BioNanoSciences ‐ Drug Delivery and Immunoengineering, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Health TechnologiesFaculty of PharmacyUniversidade de LisboaLisbon1649‐003Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Lisbon Academic Medical CenterUniversidade de LisboaLisbon1649‐028Portugal
| | - Barbara Carreira
- Grouf of BioNanoSciences ‐ Drug Delivery and Immunoengineering, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Health TechnologiesFaculty of PharmacyUniversidade de LisboaLisbon1649‐003Portugal
| | - Liane I. F. Moura
- Grouf of BioNanoSciences ‐ Drug Delivery and Immunoengineering, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Health TechnologiesFaculty of PharmacyUniversidade de LisboaLisbon1649‐003Portugal
| | - Rita C. Acúrcio
- Grouf of BioNanoSciences ‐ Drug Delivery and Immunoengineering, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Health TechnologiesFaculty of PharmacyUniversidade de LisboaLisbon1649‐003Portugal
| | - Theresa Vogel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of ScienceTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| | - Erik Wegener
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of ScienceTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| | - Filipa Ribeiro
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Lisbon Academic Medical CenterUniversidade de LisboaLisbon1649‐028Portugal
| | - Marta B. Afonso
- Grouf of BioNanoSciences ‐ Drug Delivery and Immunoengineering, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Health TechnologiesFaculty of PharmacyUniversidade de LisboaLisbon1649‐003Portugal
| | - Fábio M. F. Santos
- Grouf of BioNanoSciences ‐ Drug Delivery and Immunoengineering, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Health TechnologiesFaculty of PharmacyUniversidade de LisboaLisbon1649‐003Portugal
| | - Águeda Martínez‐Barriocanal
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract TumorsCIBBIM‐NanomedicineVall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)Barcelona08035Spain
- Group of Molecular OncologyLleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida)Lleida25198Spain
| | - Diego Arango
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract TumorsCIBBIM‐NanomedicineVall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)Barcelona08035Spain
- Group of Molecular OncologyLleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida)Lleida25198Spain
| | - Ana S. Viana
- Centro de Química EstruturalDepartamento de Química e BioquímicaInstitute of Molecular SciencesFaculty of SciencesUniversidade de LisboaLisbon1749‐016Portugal
| | - Pedro M. P. Góis
- Grouf of BioNanoSciences ‐ Drug Delivery and Immunoengineering, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Health TechnologiesFaculty of PharmacyUniversidade de LisboaLisbon1649‐003Portugal
| | - Liana C. Silva
- Grouf of BioNanoSciences ‐ Drug Delivery and Immunoengineering, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Health TechnologiesFaculty of PharmacyUniversidade de LisboaLisbon1649‐003Portugal
| | - Cecília M. P. Rodrigues
- Grouf of BioNanoSciences ‐ Drug Delivery and Immunoengineering, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Health TechnologiesFaculty of PharmacyUniversidade de LisboaLisbon1649‐003Portugal
| | - Luis Graca
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Lisbon Academic Medical CenterUniversidade de LisboaLisbon1649‐028Portugal
| | - Rainer Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of ScienceTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| | - Ronit Satchi‐Fainaro
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyFaculty of MedicineSagol School of NeuroscienceTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv69978Israel
| | - Helena F. Florindo
- Grouf of BioNanoSciences ‐ Drug Delivery and Immunoengineering, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Health TechnologiesFaculty of PharmacyUniversidade de LisboaLisbon1649‐003Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chandrasekar SV, Singh A, Ranjan A. Overcoming Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy Using Calreticulin-Inducing Nanoparticle. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1693. [PMID: 37376141 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have the ability to transform poorly immunogenic tumors into activated 'hot' targets. In this study, we investigated the potential of a liposome-based nanoparticle (CRT-NP) expressing calreticulin as an in-situ vaccine to restore sensitivity to anti-CTLA4 immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) in CT26 colon tumors. We found that a CRT-NP with a hydrodynamic diameter of approximately 300 nm and a zeta potential of approximately +20 mV induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) in CT-26 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In the mouse model of CT26 xenograft tumors, both CRT-NP and ICI monotherapy caused moderate reductions in tumor growth compared to the untreated control group. However, the combination therapy of CRT-NP and anti-CTLA4 ICI resulted in remarkable suppression of tumor growth rates (>70%) compared to untreated mice. This combination therapy also reshaped the tumor microenvironment (TME), achieving the increased infiltration of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells and M1 macrophages, as well as an abundance of T cells expressing granzyme B and a reduction in the population of CD4+ Foxp3 regulatory cells. Our findings indicate that CRT-NPs can effectively reverse immune resistance to anti-CTLA4 ICI therapy in mice, thereby improving the immunotherapeutic outcome in the mouse model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sri Vidhya Chandrasekar
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Akansha Singh
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Ashish Ranjan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Du YX, Mamun AA, Lyu AP, Zhang HJ. Natural Compounds Targeting the Autophagy Pathway in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087310. [PMID: 37108476 PMCID: PMC10138367 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular degradation pathway by which misfolded proteins or damaged organelles are delivered in a double-membrane vacuolar vesicle and finally degraded by lysosomes. The risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) is high, and there is growing evidence that autophagy plays a critical role in regulating the initiation and metastasis of CRC; however, whether autophagy promotes or suppresses tumor progression is still controversial. Many natural compounds have been reported to exert anticancer effects or enhance current clinical therapies by modulating autophagy. Here, we discuss recent advancements in the molecular mechanisms of autophagy in regulating CRC. We also highlight the research on natural compounds that are particularly promising autophagy modulators for CRC treatment with clinical evidence. Overall, this review illustrates the importance of autophagy in CRC and provides perspectives for these natural autophagy regulators as new therapeutic candidates for CRC drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Xiao Du
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ai-Ping Lyu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hong-Jie Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
A Novel Molecular Analysis Approach in Colorectal Cancer Suggests New Treatment Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041104. [PMID: 36831448 PMCID: PMC9953902 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a molecular and clinically heterogeneous disease. In 2015, the Colorectal Cancer Subtyping Consortium classified CRC into four consensus molecular subtypes (CMS), but these CMS have had little impact on clinical practice. The purpose of this study is to deepen the molecular characterization of CRC. A novel approach, based on probabilistic graphical models (PGM) and sparse k-means-consensus cluster layer analyses, was applied in order to functionally characterize CRC tumors. First, PGM was used to functionally characterize CRC, and then sparse k-means-consensus cluster was used to explore layers of biological information and establish classifications. To this aim, gene expression and clinical data of 805 CRC samples from three databases were analyzed. Three different layers based on biological features were identified: adhesion, immune, and molecular. The adhesion layer divided patients into high and low adhesion groups, with prognostic value. The immune layer divided patients into immune-high and immune-low groups, according to the expression of immune-related genes. The molecular layer established four molecular groups related to stem cells, metabolism, the Wnt signaling pathway, and extracellular functions. Immune-high patients, with higher expression of immune-related genes and genes involved in the viral mimicry response, may benefit from immunotherapy and viral mimicry-related therapies. Additionally, several possible therapeutic targets have been identified in each molecular group. Therefore, this improved CRC classification could be useful in searching for new therapeutic targets and specific therapeutic strategies in CRC disease.
Collapse
|
14
|
Aloliqi AA, Fararjeh AF, Al-Khader A, Kaddumi E, Eisa AA, Jaradat W. The Impact of DTYMK as a Prognostic Marker in Colorectal Cancer. World J Oncol 2023; 14:84-93. [PMID: 36895992 PMCID: PMC9990730 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Overexpression of deoxythymidylate kinase (DTYMK) has been associated with more aggressiveness and pathological behaviors in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the expression of DTYMK and its prognostic significance in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients are yet unknown. The goal of this study was to investigate the DTYMK immunohistochemistry reactivity in CRC tissues and to see how it correlated with various histological and clinical features as well as survival. Methods Several bioinformatics databases and two tissue microarrays (TMAs) of 227 cases were used in this study. Immunohistochemistry assay was used to study the protein expression of DTYMK. Results Based on the GEPIA, UALCAN, and Oncomine databases, DTYMK expression has increased in tumor tissues at both RNA and protein levels in colorectal adenocarcinoma (COAD) compared to normal tissues. A high DTYMK H-score was found in 122/227 (53%) of the cases, whereas a low DTYMK H-score was found in 105/227. The age at diagnosis (P = 0.036), stage of the disease (P = 0.038), and site of origin (P = 0.032) were all linked to a high DTYMK H-score. Patients with high level of DTYMK had bad overall survival. Interestingly, high DTYMK protein level was associated with PSM2 (P = 0.002) and MSH2 (P = 0.003), but not with MLH2 or MSH6. Conclusion This is the first study to cover the expression and prognostic significance of DTYMK in CRC. DTYMK was upregulated in CRC and could be considered as a prognostic biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz A Aloliqi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.,These authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Abdul-Fattah Fararjeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-salt, Jordan.,These authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Ali Al-Khader
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-salt, Jordan.,Department of pathology, Al-Hussein Salt Hospital, Al-salt, Jordan
| | - Ezidin Kaddumi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-salt, Jordan
| | - Alaa Abdulaziz Eisa
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Weam Jaradat
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Graduate Study, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Imran KM, Ganguly A, Paul T, Powar M, Vlaisavljevich E, Cho CS, Allen IC. Magic bubbles: utilizing histotripsy to modulate the tumor microenvironment and improve systemic anti-tumor immune responses. Int J Hyperthermia 2023; 40:2244206. [PMID: 37580047 PMCID: PMC10430775 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2023.2244206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Focused Ultrasound (FUS) is emerging as a promising primary and adjunct therapy for the treatment of cancer. This includes histotripsy, which is a noninvasive, non-ionizing, non-thermal ultrasound guided ablation modality. As histotripsy has progressed from bench-to-bedside, it has become evident that this therapy has benefits beyond local tumor ablation. Specifically, histotripsy has the potential to shift the local tumor microenvironment from immunologically 'cold' to 'hot'. This is associated with the production of damage associated molecular patterns, the release of a selection of proinflammatory mediators, and the induction of inflammatory forms of cell death in cells just outside of the treatment zone. In addition to the induction of this innate immune response, histotripsy can also improve engagement of the adaptive immune system and promote systemic anti-tumor immunity targeting distal tumors and metastatic lesions. These tantalizing observations suggest that, in settings of widely metastatic disease burden, selective histotripsy of a limited number of accessible tumors could be a means of maximizing responsiveness to systemic immunotherapy. More work is certainly needed to optimize treatment strategies that best synergize histotripsy parameters with innate and adaptive immune responses. Likewise, rigorous clinical studies are still necessary to verify the presence and repeatability of these phenomena in human patients. As this technology nears regulatory approval for clinical use, it is our expectation that the insights and immunomodulatory mechanisms summarized in this review will serve as directional guides for rational clinical studies to validate and optimize the potential immunotherapeutic role of histotripsy tumor ablation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khan M. Imran
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Anutosh Ganguly
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tamalika Paul
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Manali Powar
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Eli Vlaisavljevich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Institute for Critical and Applied Science Center for Engineered Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Clifford S. Cho
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Research Service, Ann Arbor VA Healthcare, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Irving C. Allen
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Institute for Critical and Applied Science Center for Engineered Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu Z, Xiang Y, Zheng Y, Kang X. Advancing immune checkpoint blockade in colorectal cancer therapy with nanotechnology. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1027124. [PMID: 36341334 PMCID: PMC9630919 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1027124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has gained unparalleled success in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, undesired side effects, unsatisfactory response rates, tumor metastasis, and drug resistance still hinder the further application of ICB therapy against CRC. Advancing ICB with nanotechnology can be game-changing. With the development of immuno-oncology and nanomaterials, various nanoplatforms have been fabricated to enhance the efficacy of ICB in CRC treatment. Herein, this review systematically summarizes these recent nano-strategies according to their mechanisms. Despite their diverse and complex designs, these nanoplatforms have four main mechanisms in enhancing ICB: 1) targeting immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) to tumor foci, 2) increasing tumor immunogenicity, 3) remodeling tumor microenvironment, and 4) pre-sensitizing immune systems. Importantly, advantages of nanotechnology in CRC, such as innovating the mode-of-actions of ICB, modulating intestinal microbiome, and integrating the whole process of antigen presentation, are highlighted in this review. In general, this review describes the latest applications of nanotechnology for CRC immunotherapy, and may shed light on the future design of ICB platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zefan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu, China
| | - Yucheng Xiang
- Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaxian Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Kang
- Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Martelli V, Pastorino A, Sobrero AF. Prognostic and predictive molecular biomarkers in advanced colorectal cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 236:108239. [PMID: 35780916 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The revolution of precision medicine has produced unprecedented seismic shifts in the treatment paradigm of advanced cancers. Among the major killers, colorectal cancer (CRC) is far behind the others. In fact, the great successes obtained in breast, NSCLC, melanoma, and genitourinary tract tumors have been observed only in fewer than 5 % metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): those with the mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR), a well-known predictive factor for to the outstanding efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors (CPI). The treatment of the remaining vast majority mCRC patients is still based upon only two molecular determinants: the RAS and BRAF mutational status. New promising biomarkers include HER2, tumor mutational burden (TMB) for its possible implications on CPI efficacy, and the extremely rare NTRK fusions. The Consensus Molecular Subtypes classification (CMS) is a good example of the efforts to combine different molecular features of this disease, although its relevance in clinical practice is still under investigation. In this Review, we focus on all these prognostic and predictive biomarkers, analyzing data from the most important clinical trials of the last years. We also try to rank them according to their prognostic and predictive power.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentino Martelli
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino - IRCCS, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pastorino
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino - IRCCS, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto F Sobrero
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino - IRCCS, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Alteration in the Immune Microenvironment Based on APC Status in MSS/pMMR Colon Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:3592990. [PMID: 35937946 PMCID: PMC9348928 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3592990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. Immunotherapy is currently the most promising antitumor treatment approach. However, the colon cancer immunotherapy indication dMMR/MSI-H do not cover all colon cancer patients suitable for immunotherapy. We performed transcriptome-wide expression profile analyses of pMMR/MSS colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) specimens from TCGA database to identify a genetype signature associated with tumor immune microenvironment types (TIMTs). Methods. TCGA database was used to identify tumor genotypes suitable for antitumor immunotherapy. We analyzed RNA-sequencing profiles of 338 COAD targeted to the pMMR/MSS group from TCGA public dataset. The ESTIMATE and the CIBERSORT were used to analyze the pMMR/MSS COAD immune microenvironment between APC wild and APC mutation. Furthermore, we further verified the relationship between APC genotype and TIMTs and the efficacy of immunotherapy in 42 colon cancer specimens. Results. We identified that in APC-wt/MSS colon cancer, the expressions of PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA4, and CYT (GZMA and PRF1) were increased. The TMB, Immunoscore, and the proportion of CT8+ T cell infiltration also were identified increasing in these patients. And pathway enrichment analysis for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between APC-wt and APC-mt MSS COAD was done to further explore their biological function. Similarly, the significant pathways for DEGs were mainly enriched in the immune response, extracellular matrix, and cell adhesion which involved in immune response. Specimens from 42 colon cancer patients, including 22 APC-mt/MSS and 20 APC-wt/MSS, were immunohistochemically evaluated for expression of CD8 and PD-L1. And APC-wt/MSS tumors showed significantly higher expression of CD8 and PD-L1 than APC-mt/MSS tumor. Moreover, APC-wt was compared with APC-mt MSS/pMMR colon cancer (DOR, 45% and 26.7%, respectively;
). Conclusion. Based on the results, we found that more colon cancers of APC-wt/MSS are classified by TMIT I. And APC-wt/MSS colon cancer patients are more likely to benefit from antitumor immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
19
|
Tan Y, Lu L, Liang X, Chen Y. Identification of a pyroptosis-related lncRNA risk model for predicting prognosis and immune response in colon adenocarcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:118. [PMID: 35413978 PMCID: PMC9004096 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02572-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is one of the most common malignant tumors and is diagnosed at an advanced stage with a poor prognosis worldwide. Pyroptosis is involved in the initiation and progression of tumors. This research focused on constructing a pyroptosis-related ceRNA network to generate a reliable risk model for risk prediction and immune infiltration analysis of COAD. Methods Transcriptome data, miRNA-sequencing data, and clinical information were downloaded from the TCGA database. First, differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs), miRNAs (DEmiRNAs), and lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) were identified to construct a pyroptosis-related ceRNA network. Second, a pyroptosis-related lncRNA risk model was developed applying univariate Cox regression analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method (LASSO) regression analysis. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses were utilized to functionally annotate RNAs contained in the ceRNA network. In addition, Kaplan-Meier analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, univariate and multivariate Cox regression, and nomogram were applied to validate this risk model. Finally, the relationship of this risk model with immune cells and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB)-related genes was analyzed. Results A total of 5373 DEmRNAs, 1159 DElncRNAs, and 355 DEmiRNAs were identified. A pyroptosis-related ceRNA regulatory network containing 132 lncRNAs, 7 miRNAs, and 5 mRNAs was constructed, and a ceRNA-based pyroptosis-related risk model including 11 lncRNAs was built. The tumor tissues were classified into high- and low-risk groups according to the median risk score. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the high-risk group had a shorter survival time; ROC analysis, independent prognostic analysis, and nomogram further indicated the risk model was a significant independent prognostic factor what had an excellent ability to predict patients’ risk. Moreover, immune infiltration analysis indicated that the risk model was related to immune infiltration cells (i.e., B cell naïve, T cell follicular helper, macrophage M1) and ICB-related genes (i.e., PD-1, CTLA4, HAVCR2). Conclusions This pyroptosis-related lncRNA risk model possessed good prognostic value, and the ability to predict the outcome of ICB immunotherapy in COAD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12957-022-02572-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Tan
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Liqing Lu
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Xujun Liang
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dunn ZS, Li YR, Yu Y, Lee D, Gibbons A, Kim JJ, Zhou TY, Li M, Nguyen M, Cen X, Zhou Y, Wang P, Yang L. Minimally Invasive Preclinical Monitoring of the Peritoneal Cavity Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1775. [PMID: 35406547 PMCID: PMC8997523 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraperitoneal (i.p.) experimental models in mice can recapitulate the process of i.p. dissemination in abdominal cancers and may help uncover critical information about future successful clinical treatments. i.p. cellular composition is studied in preclinical models addressing a wide spectrum of other pathophysiological states such as liver cirrhosis, infectious disease, autoimmunity, and aging. The peritoneal cavity is a multifaceted microenvironment that contains various immune cell populations, including T, B, NK, and various myeloid cells, such as macrophages. Analysis of the peritoneal cavity is often obtained by euthanizing mice and performing terminal peritoneal lavage. This procedure inhibits continuous monitoring of the peritoneal cavity in a single mouse and necessitates the usage of more mice to assess the cavity at multiple timepoints, increasing the cost, time, and variability of i.p. studies. Here, we present a simple, novel method termed in vivo intraperitoneal lavage (IVIPL) for the minimally invasive monitoring of cells in the peritoneal cavity of mice. In this proof-of-concept, IVIPL provided real-time insights into the i.p. tumor microenvironment for the development and study of ovarian cancer therapies. Specifically, we studied CAR-T cell therapy in a human high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) xenograft mouse model, and we studied the immune composition of the i.p. tumor microenvironment (TME) in a mouse HGSOC syngeneic model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Spencer Dunn
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (Z.S.D.); (P.W.)
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Y.-R.L.); (Y.Y.); (D.L.); (A.G.); (J.J.K.); (T.Y.Z.); (M.L.); (M.N.); (X.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yan-Ruide Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Y.-R.L.); (Y.Y.); (D.L.); (A.G.); (J.J.K.); (T.Y.Z.); (M.L.); (M.N.); (X.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yanqi Yu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Y.-R.L.); (Y.Y.); (D.L.); (A.G.); (J.J.K.); (T.Y.Z.); (M.L.); (M.N.); (X.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Derek Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Y.-R.L.); (Y.Y.); (D.L.); (A.G.); (J.J.K.); (T.Y.Z.); (M.L.); (M.N.); (X.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Alicia Gibbons
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Y.-R.L.); (Y.Y.); (D.L.); (A.G.); (J.J.K.); (T.Y.Z.); (M.L.); (M.N.); (X.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - James Joon Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Y.-R.L.); (Y.Y.); (D.L.); (A.G.); (J.J.K.); (T.Y.Z.); (M.L.); (M.N.); (X.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Tian Yang Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Y.-R.L.); (Y.Y.); (D.L.); (A.G.); (J.J.K.); (T.Y.Z.); (M.L.); (M.N.); (X.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Mulin Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Y.-R.L.); (Y.Y.); (D.L.); (A.G.); (J.J.K.); (T.Y.Z.); (M.L.); (M.N.); (X.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Mya Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Y.-R.L.); (Y.Y.); (D.L.); (A.G.); (J.J.K.); (T.Y.Z.); (M.L.); (M.N.); (X.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xinjian Cen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Y.-R.L.); (Y.Y.); (D.L.); (A.G.); (J.J.K.); (T.Y.Z.); (M.L.); (M.N.); (X.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Y.-R.L.); (Y.Y.); (D.L.); (A.G.); (J.J.K.); (T.Y.Z.); (M.L.); (M.N.); (X.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Pin Wang
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (Z.S.D.); (P.W.)
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Y.-R.L.); (Y.Y.); (D.L.); (A.G.); (J.J.K.); (T.Y.Z.); (M.L.); (M.N.); (X.C.); (Y.Z.)
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Comprehensive Analysis of Colorectal Cancer Immunity and Identification of Immune-Related Prognostic Targets. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:7932655. [PMID: 35401882 PMCID: PMC8986440 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7932655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (COAD) is ranked as the third most common cancer and second in terms of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Due to its poor overall survival and prognosis, the incidents of COAD are significantly increasing. Although treatment methods have greatly been improved in the last decade, it is still not good enough to have satisfactory treatment outcomes. In recent years, immunotherapy has been successful to some extent in the treatment of many cancers but still, many patients do not respond to immunotherapy. Therefore, it is essential to have a deeper understanding of the immune characteristics of the tumor microenvironment and identify meaningful immune targets. In terms of immune targets, COAD has been poorly explored; thus, in the current study, based on the immune cell infiltration score and differentially expressed genes, COAD tumors were classified into hot and cold tumors. The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression analysis was used to identify hub genes, construct a prognostic model, and screen potential immune targets. In total, 12 genes (CLK3, CYSLTR2, GJA10, CYP4Z1, FAM185A, LINC00324, EEF1A1P34, EEF1B2P8, PTCSC3, MIR6780A, LINC01666, and RNU6.661P) differentially expressed between hot and cold tumors were screened out. Among them, CYSLTR2 was considered as a potential candidate gene, because it showed a significant positive correlation with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoints (PDCD1, CD274, and CTLA4). Finally, we constructed and validated a new prognostic model for COAD showing 0.854 AUC for the ROC curve, and these results provide sufficient potential to choose CYSLTR2 as an important immune target for the prognosis of COAD.
Collapse
|
22
|
Jing N, Liu F, Wu C, Zhou H, Chen C. An optimal two-stage exploratory basket trial design with aggregated futility analysis. Contemp Clin Trials 2022; 116:106741. [PMID: 35358718 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2022.106741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A basket trial investigates the effects of one drug on multiple tumor indications. To discontinue potentially inactive indications early, interim futility analysis is usually conducted for each indication individually once it reaches the pre-specified sample size. As enrollment rates vary among indications, the futility decisions for slow-enrolling indications could be made much later than other fast-enrolling indications, which could delay the overall decision for the trial significantly. To accelerate the futility decision in early-stage exploratory basket trials and potentially reallocate resources to other compounds earlier while still controlling the global type-I and type-II errors, we propose an optimal two-stage basket trial design with one aggregated futility analysis by aggregating (e.g., pooling) all indications together. The total sample size across all indications is pre-specified for the futility analysis, while the sample size per indication can be adapted to the enrollment rate. The final analysis is performed using the pruning and pooling approach (Chen et al. 2016). The design parameters are optimized by minimizing the expected total sample size under the null hypothesis, while explicitly controlling the global type-I and the type-II error rates. Simulation studies demonstrate that the proposed design has better operating characteristics than the designs with individual futility analysis (Zhou et al. 2019; Wu et al. 2021), while allowing for earlier futility decision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naimin Jing
- Department of Statistical Science, Temple University, 1810 Liacouras Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
| | - Fang Liu
- Biostatistics and Research Decision Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Cai Wu
- Biostatistics and Research Decision Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Heng Zhou
- Biostatistics and Research Decision Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Cong Chen
- Biostatistics and Research Decision Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen K, Chen Z, Ou M, Wang J, Huang X, Wu Y, Zhong W, Yang J, Huang J, Huang M, Pan D. Clinical significance of circulating tumor cells in predicating the outcomes of patients with colorectal cancer. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2022; 77:100070. [PMID: 36087570 PMCID: PMC9464896 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2022.100070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relapse and metastasis of patients with Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is the major obstacle to the long-term life of patients. Its mechanisms remain defined. METHODS A total of 48 CRC patients were enrolled and 68 samples were obtained from the peripheral blood of patients before or after treatments in this study. Twenty non-cancer patients were also detected as a negative control. Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs), including Epithelial CTCs (eCTCs), Mesenchymal (MCTCs), and epithelial/mesenchymal mixed phenotypes (mixed CTCs), were identified by CanPatrolTM CTC enrichment and RNA in situ hybridization. The relationship between CTCs number and Progression-Free Survival (PFS) or Overall Survival (OS) was evaluated. RESULTS Thirty-four of 48 patients (70.8%) were found to have positive CTCs. Total CTCs and MCTCs in the post-treatment had a significant correlation PFS and OS. When total CTCs or MCTCs in 5 mL blood of patients were more than 6 CTCs or 5 MCTCs, PFS of the patients was significantly shorter (p < 0.05) than that in patients with less than 6 CTCs or 5 MCTCs. The patients with > 5 CTCs count changes were found to exhibit poor PFS and OS rates (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Total CTCs and MCTCs number detection in patients with colorectal cancer was very useful biomarker for predicting the prognosis of patients. Higher CTCs or MCTCs had poorer PFS and OS rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kehe Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Zhenxiang Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Mei Ou
- Department of Medical Oncology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Junping Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Yingying Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Wenhe Zhong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Jiao Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Jinging Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Deng Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nemati R, Valizadeh M, Mohammadi M, Kamali A. Bioinformatic analysis reveals in common genes between colorectal cancer and recurrent colorectal malignancy. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
25
|
Ho WW, Gomes-Santos IL, Aoki S, Datta M, Kawaguchi K, Talele NP, Roberge S, Ren J, Liu H, Chen IX, Andersson P, Chatterjee S, Kumar AS, Amoozgar Z, Zhang Q, Huang P, Ng MR, Chauhan VP, Xu L, Duda DG, Clark JW, Pittet MJ, Fukumura D, Jain RK. Dendritic cell paucity in mismatch repair-proficient colorectal cancer liver metastases limits immune checkpoint blockade efficacy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2105323118. [PMID: 34725151 PMCID: PMC8609309 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2105323118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver metastasis is a major cause of mortality for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Mismatch repair-proficient (pMMR) CRCs make up about 95% of metastatic CRCs, and are unresponsive to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Here we show that mouse models of orthotopic pMMR CRC liver metastasis accurately recapitulate the inefficacy of ICB therapy in patients, whereas the same pMMR CRC tumors are sensitive to ICB therapy when grown subcutaneously. To reveal local, nonmalignant components that determine CRC sensitivity to treatment, we compared the microenvironments of pMMR CRC cells grown as liver metastases and subcutaneous tumors. We found a paucity of both activated T cells and dendritic cells in ICB-treated orthotopic liver metastases, when compared with their subcutaneous tumor counterparts. Furthermore, treatment with Feline McDonough sarcoma (FMS)-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) plus ICB therapy increased dendritic cell infiltration into pMMR CRC liver metastases and improved mouse survival. Lastly, we show that human CRC liver metastases and microsatellite stable (MSS) primary CRC have a similar paucity of T cells and dendritic cells. These studies indicate that orthotopic tumor models, but not subcutaneous models, should be used to guide human clinical trials. Our findings also posit dendritic cells as antitumor components that can increase the efficacy of immunotherapies against pMMR CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William W Ho
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Igor L Gomes-Santos
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Shuichi Aoki
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Meenal Datta
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Kosuke Kawaguchi
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Nilesh P Talele
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Sylvie Roberge
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Jun Ren
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Hao Liu
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Ivy X Chen
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Patrik Andersson
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Sampurna Chatterjee
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Ashwin S Kumar
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Zohreh Amoozgar
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Qixian Zhang
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Peigen Huang
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Mei Rosa Ng
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Vikash P Chauhan
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Lei Xu
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Dan G Duda
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Jeffrey W Clark
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Mikael J Pittet
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Dai Fukumura
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114;
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114;
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhao Y, Zhang W, Huo M, Wang P, Liu X, Wang Y, Li Y, Zhou Z, Xu N, Zhu H. XBP1 regulates the protumoral function of tumor-associated macrophages in human colorectal cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:357. [PMID: 34667145 PMCID: PMC8526672 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00761-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are among the most abundant immune cells in colorectal cancer (CRC). Re-educating tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to switch from protumoral to anti-tumoral activity is an attractive treatment strategy that warrants further investigation. However, little is known about the key pathway that is activated in TAMs. In this study, infitrating CD206+ TAMs in CRC were sorted and subjected to RNA-seq analysis. Differentially expressed genes were found to be enriched in unfolded protein response/endoplasmic reticulum stress response processes, and XBP1 splicing/activation was specifically observed in TAMs. XBP1 activation in TAMs promoted the growth and metastasis of CRC. Ablation of XBP1 inhibited the expression of the pro-tumor cytokine signature of TAMs, including IL-6, VEGFA, and IL-4. Simultaneously, XBP1 depletion could directly inhibit the expression of SIRPα and THBS1, thereby blocking “don’t eat me” recognition signals and enhancing phagocytosis. Therapeutic XBP1 gene editing using AAV2-sgXBP1 enhanced the anti-tumor activity. Together, XBP1 activation in TAMs drives CRC progression by elevating pro-tumor cytokine expression and secretion, as well as inhibiting macrophage phagocytosis. Targeting XBP1 signaling in TAMs may be a potential strategy for CRC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Weina Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Miaomiao Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Xianghe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Yinuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Ningzhi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongxia Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Haskins IN, Wang BD, Bernot JP, Cauley E, Horvath A, Marks JH, Lee NH, Agarwal S. Genomics of Black American colon cancer disparities: An RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) study from an academic, tertiary referral center. Surgery 2021; 170:1160-1167. [PMID: 34016457 PMCID: PMC8490290 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2021.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black Americans have a higher incidence and mortality rate from colorectal cancer compared to their non-Hispanic White American counterparts. Even when controlling for sociodemographic differences between these 2 populations, Black Americans remain disproportionately affected by colorectal cancer. The purpose of our study was to determine if differences in gene expression between Black American and non-Hispanic White American colon cancer specimens could help explain differences in the incidence and mortality rate between these 2 populations. METHODS Black Americans and non-Hispanic White Americans undergoing colon resection for stages I, II, or III colon cancer at a single institution were identified. Black American and non-Hispanic White American patients were matched for age, sex, and colon cancer stage to minimize the risk of confounding variables. Tissue samples were obtained at the time of colon resection and were analyzed using RNA sequencing to determine if there were differences in the expression of genes and biologic processes between the 2 groups. RESULTS A total of 17 colon cancer specimens were analyzed; 8 (47.1%) patients were Black Americans. A total of 456 genes were identified as being expressed differently (ie, up or downregulated) in Black American compared to non-Hispanic White American colon cancer specimens. Moreover, 500 different genetic pathways were noted to be significantly over-represented with differentially expressed genes in our comparison of Black American and non-Hispanic White American colon cancer specimens, the majority of which plays a role in inflammation and immune cell function. CONCLUSION Significant differences in gene expression and genetic pathways exist between Black Americans and non-Hispanic White Americans. Additional and multi-institutional and registry-based studies are needed to validate our findings and to further elucidate the contribution that these differences have to the overall incidence and mortality rate from colon cancer in these 2 patient populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivy N Haskins
- Department of Surgery, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE. https://twitter.com/IvyNHaskinsMD
| | - Bi-Dar Wang
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, GW Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - James P Bernot
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, GW Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Edmund Cauley
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, GW Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Anelia Horvath
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, GW Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - John H Marks
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Lankenau Medical Center, Wynnewood, PA. https://twitter.com/JohnMarksMD
| | - Norman H Lee
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, GW Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC.
| | - Samir Agarwal
- Department of Surgery, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Friedman DJ, Crotts SB, Shapiro MJ, Rajcula M, McCue S, Liu X, Khazaie K, Dong H, Shapiro VS. ST8Sia6 Promotes Tumor Growth in Mice by Inhibiting Immune Responses. Cancer Immunol Res 2021; 9:952-966. [PMID: 34074677 PMCID: PMC8338779 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-0834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Many tumors exhibit increased incorporation of sialic acids into cell-surface glycans, which impact the tumor microenvironment. Sialic acid immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglec) are receptors that recognize sialic acids and modulate immune responses, including responses to tumors. However, the roles of individual sialyltransferases in tumorigenesis and tumor growth are not well understood. Here, we examined the sialyltransferase ST8Sia6, which generated α2,8-linked disialic acids that bind to murine Siglec-E and human Siglec-7 and -9. Increased ST8Sia6 expression was found on many human tumors and associated with decreased survival in several cancers, including colon cancer. Because of this, we engineered MC38 and B16-F10 tumor lines to express ST8Sia6. ST8Sia6-expressing MC38 and B16-F10 tumors exhibited faster growth and led to decreased survival, which required host Siglec-E. ST8Sia6 expression on tumors also altered macrophage polarization toward M2, including upregulation of the immune modulator arginase, which also required Siglec-E. ST8Sia6 also accelerated tumorigenesis in a genetically engineered, spontaneous murine model of colon cancer, decreasing survival from approximately 6 months to 67 days. Thus, ST8Sia6 expression on tumors inhibits antitumor immune responses to accelerate tumor growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shaylene McCue
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Haidong Dong
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Targeting Metastatic Colorectal Cancer with Immune Oncological Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143566. [PMID: 34298779 PMCID: PMC8307556 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic colorectal cancer carries poor prognosis, and current therapeutic regimes convey limited improvements in survival and high rates of detrimental side effects in patients that may not stand to benefit. Immunotherapy has revolutionised cancer treatment by restoring antitumoural mechanisms. However, the efficacy in metastatic colorectal cancer, is limited. A literature search was performed using Pubmed (Medline), Web of Knowledge, and Embase. Search terms included combinations of immunotherapy and metastatic colorectal cancer, primarily focusing on clinical trials in humans. Analysis of these studies included status of MMR/MSS, presence of combination strategies, and disease control rate and median overall survival. Evidence shows that immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-PD1 and anti-PD-L1, show efficacy in less than 10% of patients with microsatellite stable, MMR proficient colorectal cancer. In the small subset of patients with microsatellite unstable, MMR deficient cancers, response rates were 40-50%. Combination strategies with immunotherapy are under investigation but have not yet restored antitumoural mechanisms to permit durable disease regression. Immunotherapy provides the potential to offer additional strategies to established chemotherapeutic regimes in metastatic colorectal cancer. Further research needs to establish which adjuncts to immune checkpoint inhibition can unpick resistance, and better predict which patients are likely to respond to individualised therapies to not just improve response rates but to temper unwarranted side effects.
Collapse
|
30
|
Shioya K, Matsumura T, Seki Y, Shimizu H, Nakamura T, Taniguchi S. Potentiated antitumor effects of APS001F/5-FC combined with anti-PD-1 antibody in a CT26 syngeneic mouse model. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:324-331. [PMID: 33604645 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
APS001F is a strain of Bifidobacterium longum genetically engineered to express cytosine deaminase that converts 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) to 5-fluorouracil. In the present study, antitumor effects of APS001F plus 5-FC (APS001F/5-FC) in combination with anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody were investigated using a CT26 syngeneic mouse model. Both of dosing of APS001F/5-FC before and after anti-PD-1 mAb in the combination dosing exhibited antitumor effects as well as prolonged survival over the nontreated control. The survival rate in the combination therapy significantly increased over the monotherapy with APS001F/5-FC and that with anti-PD-1 mAb. Regulatory T cells among CD4+ T cells in tumor decreased in the combination therapy, while the ratio of CD8+ T cells was maintained in all groups. Taken these results together, APS001F/5-FC not only demonstrates a direct antitumor activity, but also immunomodulatory effects once localized in the hypoxic region of the tumor, which allows anti-PD-1 mAb to exert potentiated antitumor effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuji Seki
- Anaeropharma Science, Inc., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Shun'ichiro Taniguchi
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Therapy, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Shahnazari M, Samadi P, Pourjafar M, Jalali A. Cell-based immunotherapy approaches for colorectal cancer: main achievements and challenges. Future Oncol 2021; 17:3253-3270. [PMID: 34156258 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-1218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is becoming as a major treatment modality for multiple types of solid tumors, including subsets of colorectal cancers (CRCs). The successes with immunotherapy alone has largely been achieved in patients with advanced-stage mismatch-repair-deficient and microsatellite instability-high (dMMR-MSI-H) CRCs. However, the benefits of immunotherapy have not been demonstrated to be effective in patients with proficient mismatch repair (pMMR) CRC, who are microsatellite-stable (MSS) or have low levels of microsatellite instability (MSI-L). Here, we provide a comprehensive review on the immune microenvironment of CRC tumors and describe the rapid pace of scientific changes. We discuss the tremendous promise of cell-based immunotherapy strategies that are under preclinical studies/clinical trials or being used in therapeutic paradigms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Shahnazari
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid fahmideh boulevard, 6517838687, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Pouria Samadi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid fahmideh boulevard, 6517838687, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mona Pourjafar
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid fahmideh boulevard, 6517838687, Hamadan, Iran.,Department of Biological & Chemical Engineering Immunological Biotechnology, Aarhus University, Inge Lehmanns Gade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Akram Jalali
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid fahmideh boulevard, 6517838687, Hamadan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wu X, Wu C(I, Liu F, Zhou H, Chen C. A Generalized Framework of Optimal Two-Stage Designs for Exploratory Basket Trials. Stat Biopharm Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19466315.2021.1906741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Wu
- Department of Statistics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Cai (Iris) Wu
- Biostatistics and Research Decision Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ
| | - Fang Liu
- Biostatistics and Research Decision Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ
| | - Heng Zhou
- Biostatistics and Research Decision Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ
| | - Cong Chen
- Biostatistics and Research Decision Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fanale D, Incorvaia L, Badalamenti G, De Luca I, Algeri L, Bonasera A, Corsini LR, Brando C, Russo A, Iovanna JL, Bazan V. Prognostic Role of Plasma PD-1, PD-L1, pan-BTN3As and BTN3A1 in Patients Affected by Metastatic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: Can Immune Checkpoints Act as a Sentinel for Short-Term Survival? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2118. [PMID: 33925671 PMCID: PMC8125172 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) represent 1% of all primary gastrointestinal tumors. Immune surveillance is often overcome by cancer cells due to the activation of immunoregulatory molecules such as programmed death protein (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1, and butyrophilin sub-family 3A/CD277 receptors (BTN3A). Because several studies demonstrated that tumor PD-1 and PD-L1 expression may have a prominent prognostic function, this investigation aimed to discover if soluble forms of these molecules may be useful in predicting survival of metastatic GIST (mGIST) patients. Through specific ad hoc developed ELISA assays not yet available on the market, the circulating PD-1, PD-L1, BTN3A1, and pan-BTN3As levels were examined in 30 c-KIT exon 11-mutated mGIST patients, prior to imatinib therapy. Using specific thresholds derived by ROC analysis, we found that high baseline levels of sPD-1 (>8.1 ng/mL), sPD-L1 (>0.7 ng/mL), sBTN3A1 (>7.0 ng/mL), and pan-BTN3As (>5.0 ng/mL) were correlated with shorter progression-free survival (PFS) and poor prognosis. Contrariwise, subjects with lower plasma concentrations exhibited a median PFS about 20 months longer than to the earlier. Finally, an additional multivariate analysis revealed that circulating levels of sPD-L1 ≤ 0.7 ng/mL and pan-sBTN3As ≤ 5.0 ng/mL, and the absence of KIT exon 11 deletions or delins at codons 557 and/or 558 were associated with a longer PFS in mGIST patients. Our investigation, for the first time, revealed that evaluating the plasma concentration of some immune checkpoints may help prognosticate survival in mGIST patients, suggesting their potential use as prognostic biomarkers beyond the presence of KIT exon 11 Del or Delins at codons 557/558.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Fanale
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.F.); (G.B.); (I.D.L.); (L.A.); (A.B.); (L.R.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Lorena Incorvaia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (L.I.); (V.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Badalamenti
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.F.); (G.B.); (I.D.L.); (L.A.); (A.B.); (L.R.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Ida De Luca
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.F.); (G.B.); (I.D.L.); (L.A.); (A.B.); (L.R.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Laura Algeri
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.F.); (G.B.); (I.D.L.); (L.A.); (A.B.); (L.R.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Annalisa Bonasera
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.F.); (G.B.); (I.D.L.); (L.A.); (A.B.); (L.R.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Lidia Rita Corsini
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.F.); (G.B.); (I.D.L.); (L.A.); (A.B.); (L.R.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Chiara Brando
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.F.); (G.B.); (I.D.L.); (L.A.); (A.B.); (L.R.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Antonio Russo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.F.); (G.B.); (I.D.L.); (L.A.); (A.B.); (L.R.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Juan Lucio Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France;
| | - Viviana Bazan
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (L.I.); (V.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Fathi M, Pustokhina I, Kuznetsov SV, Khayrullin M, Hojjat-Farsangi M, Karpisheh V, Jalili A, Jadidi-Niaragh F. T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain, as a potential immune checkpoint target for immunotherapy of colorectal cancer. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:726-738. [PMID: 33686787 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The importance of the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression has been well studied for many years. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are regarded as potential strategies in enhancing the immune responses in patients with cancer, particularly colorectal cancer (CRC). Notably, CRCs are extraordinarily heterogeneous and mostly are microsatellite-stable (MSS) or cold tumors, which means that the immune response is not usually as strong as that of foreign cells. T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT) is a new immune checkpoint receptor overexpressed inside the CRC tumor-immune microenvironments. Moreover, several studies have shown that TIGIT in combination with other ICIs and/or conventional treatments, can lead to a robust anti-tumor response in CRC. This review looks deep inside TIGIT expression patterns, their various functions, and possible immunotherapy strategies to increase survival rates and decrease immune-related adverse events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Fathi
- Cancer and Immunology Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | | | - Sergey V Kuznetsov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Mars Khayrullin
- Department of Research Management, K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State, University of Technologies and Management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Vahid Karpisheh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Jalili
- Cancer and Immunology Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Pu H, Xie P, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Ye X, Lu G, Zhang D, Li Z. Relationship Between Preoperative and Postoperative Serum Carcinoembryonic Antigen and Prognosis of Patients with Stage I-III Rectal Cancer: A Retrospective Study of a Multicentre Cohort of 1022 Rectal Cancer Patients. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:2643-2651. [PMID: 33776482 PMCID: PMC7987265 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s290416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Based on a multi-centered and a large sample size, this study aims to analyze the relationship between preoperative and postoperative serum CEA and recurrence of rectal cancer without preoperative therapy. Methods This retrospective cohort study enrolled stage I to III rectal cancer patients without preoperative therapy (N = 1,022) who received radical resection of rectal cancer from 2 hospitals in China. Based on the preoperative and postoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen, the patients were subdivided into 3 groups ie, normal preoperative CEA (≤5.0 ng/mL, N = 627), elevated preoperative (>5.0 ng/mL) but normalized postoperative CEA (normalized postoperative CEA, N = 255), as well as elevated preoperative and postoperative CEA (elevated postoperative CEA, N = 67). The generalized additive model was used to assess the relationship between carcinoembryonic antigen and the risk of recurrence. Further, the Cox regression model was used to evaluate the relationship between carcinoembryonic antigen and 3-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) after adjusting for potential confounders. Results The 3-year RFS of patients with elevated postoperative CEA was 45.8% (95% CI, 35.2% −59.5%), which was significantly lower compared to the other two groups of patients (normalized postoperative CEA: 75.9%, 95% CI, 70.8%-81.4%; and normal preoperative CEA: 84.9%, 95% CI, 82.2%-87.8%) (P <0.001). Based on multivariable Cox model analysis, the elevated postoperative CEA was a prognostic factor for 3 years RFS (hazard ratio [HR], 3.08; 95% CI, 2.05–4.66; P<0.001). At the same time, normalized postoperative CEA was insignificantly correlated with 3-year RFS (HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.00–1.92; P = 0.05) and was not an independent risk factor. Conclusion We found that preoperative and postoperative serum CEA of rectal cancer patients were related to the 3-year recurrence-free survival rate. Moreover, the risk of recurrence in the normalized postoperative CEA group of patients was insignificantly different from that of the normalized preoperative CEA patients. Therefore, it is necessary to combine preoperative and postoperative CEA to predict the prognosis of patients with rectal cancer, rather than using it alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjiang Pu
- Department of Oncology, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, Sichuan, 635000, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiyi Xie
- Department of Radiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxue Chen
- Department of Nursing, Dazhou Vocational and Technical College, Dazhou, Sichuan, 635000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanrong Zhao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Centre, Kunming, 650118, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Ye
- Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Honghe State, Mengzi, 661100, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiyu Lu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Centre, Kunming, 650118, People's Republic of China
| | - Dafu Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Centre, Kunming, 650118, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhui Li
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Centre, Kunming, 650118, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Guo Y, Zhu Q, Chen S, Li Y, Fu D, Qiao D, Ni C. Post-transcriptional suppression of G protein-coupled receptor 15 (GPR15) by microRNA-1225 inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion of human colorectal cancer cells. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:139. [PMID: 33708462 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02682-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The G protein-coupled receptors (GPRs) have been shown to regulate several cancer related processes. The aberrant expression of GPRs has been linked to the development of several cancers. The present study was designed to examine the expression and decipher the role of GPR15 in the development of human colorectal cancer. The results revealed GPR15 to be significantly (P < 0.05) upregulated in colorectal cancer cells. The silencing of GPR15 inhibited the growth of the colorectal cancer cells via induction of apoptosis. Induction of apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells was associated increase in Bax and decrease in Bcl-2 expression. The silencing of GPR-15 also caused a significant (P < 0.05) decline in the migration and invasion of the colorectal cancer cells. Bioinformatic analysis and luciferase assay revealed that the expression of GPR15 to be post-transcriptionally regulated by microRNA-1225 (miR-1225). The expression of miR-1225 was found to significantly (P < 0.05) downregulated in colorectal cancer cells and its overexpression caused suppression of GPR15 and inhibited the proliferation of the colorectal cancer cells. Nonetheless, overexpression of GPR15 could avoid the growth inhibitory effects of miR-1225. The results suggest that the GPR15/miR-1225 axis play an important role in the development of colon rectal cancer and exhibit therapeutic implications for its treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuehui Guo
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, 215006 Suzhou, Jiangsu People's Republic of China
- Department of Interventioin, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200135 China
| | - Qingyun Zhu
- Department of Interventioin, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200135 China
| | - Shiwei Chen
- Department of Interventioin, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200135 China
| | - Yanxiang Li
- Department of Interventioin, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200135 China
| | - Daiquan Fu
- Department of Interventioin, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200135 China
| | - Delin Qiao
- Department of Interventioin, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200135 China
| | - Caifang Ni
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, 215006 Suzhou, Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Liang L, Liu M, Sun X, Yuan Y, Peng K, Rashid K, Yu Y, Cui Y, Chen Y, Liu T. Identification of key genes involved in tumor immune cell infiltration and cetuximab resistance in colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:135. [PMID: 33632198 PMCID: PMC7905896 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01829-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody introduces adaptable variations to the transcriptome and triggers tumor immune infiltration, resulting in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment resistance. We intended to identify genes that play essential roles in cetuximab resistance and tumor immune cell infiltration. Methods A cetuximab-resistant CACO2 cellular model was established, and its transcriptome variations were detected by microarray. Meanwhile, public data from the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were downloaded. Integrated bioinformatics analysis was applied to detect differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the cetuximab-resistant and the cetuximab-sensitive groups. Then, we investigated correlations between DEGs and immune cell infiltration. The DEGs from bioinformatics analysis were further validated in vitro and in clinical samples. Results We identified 732 upregulated and 1259 downregulated DEGs in the induced cellular model. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses, along with Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and Gene Set Variation Analysis, indicated the functions of the DEGs. Together with GSE59857 and GSE5841, 12 common DEGs (SATB-2, AKR1B10, ADH1A, ADH1C, MYB, ATP10B, CDX-2, FAR2, EPHB2, SLC26A3, ORP-1, VAV3) were identified and their predictive values of cetuximab treatment were validated in GSE56386. In online Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database, nine of twelve DEGs were recognized in the protein-protein (PPI) network. Based on the transcriptome profiles of CRC samples in TCGA and using Tumor Immune Estimation Resource Version 2.0, we bioinformatically determined that SATB-2, ORP-1, MYB, and CDX-2 expressions were associated with intensive infiltration of B cell, CD4+ T cell, CD8+ T cell and macrophage, which was then validated the correlation in clinical samples by immunohistochemistry. We found that SATB-2, ORP-1, MYB, and CDX-2 were downregulated in vitro with cetuximab treatment. Clinically, patients with advanced CRC and high ORP-1 expression exhibited a longer progression-free survival time when they were treated with anti-EGFR therapy than those with low ORP-1 expression. Conclusions SATB-2, ORP-1, MYB, and CDX-2 were related to cetuximab sensitivity as well as enhanced tumor immune cell infiltration in patients with CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180, Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengling Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180, Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180, Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yitao Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180, Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Peng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180, Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Khalid Rashid
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180, Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyi Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180, Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuehong Cui
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180, Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180, Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China. .,Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| | - Tianshu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180, Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China. .,Center of Evidence-based Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Faruk M, Ibrahim S, Aminu SM, Adamu A, Abdullahi A, Suleiman AM, Rafindadi AH, Mohammed A, Iliyasu Y, Idoko J, Saidu R, Randawa AJ, Musa HS, Ntekim A, Shah KZ, Abubakar S, Adoke KU, Manko M, Awasum CA. Prognostic significance of BIRC7/Livin, Bcl-2, p53, Annexin V, PD-L1, DARC, MSH2 and PMS2 in colorectal cancer treated with FOLFOX chemotherapy with or without aspirin. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245581. [PMID: 33465114 PMCID: PMC7815153 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Evasion of apoptosis is associated with treatment resistance and metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC). Various cellular processes are associated with evasion of apoptosis. These include overexpression of pro-apoptotic proteins (including p53 and PD-L1), anti-apoptotic proteins (BIRC7/Livin and Bcl-2), chemokine receptors (including DARC), and dysregulation of DNA mismatch repair proteins (including MSH2 and PMS2). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of folinic acid, 5-FU and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) as a single agent and aspirin plus FOLFOX in various combinations on the aforementioned proteins in human CRC, SW480 cell line and rat models of N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea (NMU)-induced CRC. In addition, effects of the NMU-induced CRC and chemotherapeutic regimens on haematological and biochemical parameters in the rat models were studied. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and immunoblot techniques were used to study the expression pattern of the related proteins in the human CRC cells pre- and post-treatment. Double contrast barium enema, post-mortem examination and histological analyses were used to confirm tumour growth and the effect of the treatment in vivo in rat models. Notably, we found in human mucinous CRC, a significant increase in expression of the BIRC7/Livin post-FOLFOX treatment compared with pre-treatment (p = 0.0001). This increase provides new insights into the prognostic role of BIRC7/Livin in evasion of apoptosis and facilitation of treatment resistance, local recurrence and metastasis particularly among mucinous CRCs post-FOLFOX chemotherapy. These poor prognostic features in the CRC may be further compounded by the significant suppression of DARC, PD-L1, PMS2 and overexpression of MSH2 and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and p53 proteins observed in our study (p < 0.05). Importantly, we found a significant reduction in expression of BIRC7/Livin and reactivation of DARC and PD-L1 with a surge in Annexin V expression in rat models of CRC cells post-treatment with a sequential dose of aspirin plus FOLFOX compared with other treatments in vivo (p <0.05). The mechanistic rational of these effects underscores the importance of expanded concept of possible aspirin combination therapy with FOLFOX sequentially in future CRC management. Validation of our findings through randomized clinical trials of aspirin plus FOLFOX sequentially in patients with CRC is therefore warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Faruk
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- * E-mail:
| | - Sani Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Surajo Mohammed Aminu
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Ahmed Adamu
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Adamu Abdullahi
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, College of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Aishatu Maude Suleiman
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Abdulmumini Hassan Rafindadi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Abdullahi Mohammed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Yawale Iliyasu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - John Idoko
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Rakiya Saidu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Abdullahi Jibril Randawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Halimatu Sadiya Musa
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Atara Ntekim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Sani Abubakar
- Department of Pathology, Aminu Kano University Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Kasimu Umar Adoke
- Department of Pathology, Federal Medical Centre, Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad Manko
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Cheh Agustin Awasum
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Zaria, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Srivastava P, Husain N, Shukla S, Chauhan S, Pandey A, Masood S. PD-L1 Expression in colorectal carcinoma and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters, microsatellite instability and BRAF mutation. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2021; 64:490-496. [PMID: 34341259 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_521_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Context : Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is the key inhibitor of the cytotoxic immune response thus causing progression of tumors and adverse prognosis in many malignancies. Objective The current study investigates PD-L1 expression in colorectal carcinoma and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters, microsatellite instability, and BRAF mutation. Material and Methods 110 cases of colorectal carcinoma were evaluated for PD-L1 expression using SP263 clone in tissue microarray. Clinico-pathological characteristics and survival data were correlated with PD-L1 expression analyzed at different cut-offs of ≥1%, ≥10% and ≥50% in tumor cells and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes along with its correlation with BRAF expression and microsatellite instability status in these cases. Results Mean age was 49 years with male to female ratio of 1.5:1. 52.7% cases presented with stage 3/4 disease and 14.7% with >10 cm tumor size. Tumor cells expressed PD-L1 in 40% and TILs in 45.4% cases at a cut off of ≥1% was 17.3%, at ≥10% was 15.5% and at ≥50% was 7.3%. Significant association was seen between tumor proportion score (TPS) and increasing age, histological type, histological grade, tumor size, higher T stage (p = 0.03), TILs (p = 0.04), lymph vascular invasion, and perineural invasion. PDL-1 correlated with BRAF expression and microsatellite instability (MLH-1/PMS-2 expression loss). The overall survival was significantly higher (p < 0.001) with negative PDL1 expression in cases of colorectal carcinoma. Conclusions Immunotherapy may be used as potential therapeutic option in colorectal carcinoma cases showing microsatellite instability and BRAF mutations which show poor response to conventional chemotherapy regimen and anti-EGFR therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Vibhuti Khand, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nuzhat Husain
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Vibhuti Khand, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saumya Shukla
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Vibhuti Khand, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Smita Chauhan
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Vibhuti Khand, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anshuman Pandey
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Vibhuti Khand, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shakeel Masood
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Vibhuti Khand, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yang K, Zhu J, Luo HH, Yu SW, Wang L. Pro-protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 promotes intestinal tumor development by activating Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3/SOCS3 signaling in Apc Min/+ mice. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2021; 35:20587384211038345. [PMID: 34586888 PMCID: PMC8485261 DOI: 10.1177/20587384211038345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pro-protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) regulates lipoprotein homeostasis in humans. Evolocumab is a selective PCSK9 inhibitor that can reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) level and decrease hypercholesterolemia. The current study aimed to explore whether PCSK9 increases the risk of colorectal cancer. METHODS First, we utilized the classic intestinal tumor ApcMin/+ mouse model and PCSK9 knock-in (KI) mice to establish ApcMin/+PCSK9(KI) mice. Then, we investigated the effect of PCSK9 overexpression in ApcMin/+PCSK9(KI) mice and PCSK9 inhibition using evolocumab on the progression of intestinal tumors in vivo by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay. RESULTS ApcMin/+PCSK9(KI) mice had higher numbers and larger sizes of adenomas, with 83.3% of these mice developing adenocarcinoma (vs. 16.7% of ApcMin/+ mice). However, treatment with evolocumab reduced the number and size of adenomas and prevented the development of adenocarcinomas in ApcMin/+ mice. PCSK9 overexpression reduced tumor cell apoptosis, the Bax/bcl-2 ratio, and the levels of cytokine signaling 3 protein (SOCS3) suppressors, but activated Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling in intestinal tumors. In contrast, evolocumab treatment had the opposite effect on ApcMin/+mice. CONCLUSION PCSK9 might act as an oncogene or have an oncogenic role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer in vivo via activation of JAK2/STAT3/SOCS3 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huan-hua Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shu-wen Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University; NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Martin J, Petrillo A, Smyth EC, Shaida N, Khwaja S, Cheow HK, Duckworth A, Heister P, Praseedom R, Jah A, Balakrishnan A, Harper S, Liau S, Kosmoliaptsis V, Huguet E. Colorectal liver metastases: Current management and future perspectives. World J Clin Oncol 2020; 11:761-808. [PMID: 33200074 PMCID: PMC7643190 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v11.i10.761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is the commonest site of metastatic disease for patients with colorectal cancer, with at least 25% developing colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) during the course of their illness. The management of CRLM has evolved into a complex field requiring input from experienced members of a multi-disciplinary team involving radiology (cross sectional, nuclear medicine and interventional), Oncology, Liver surgery, Colorectal surgery, and Histopathology. Patient management is based on assessment of sophisticated clinical, radiological and biomarker information. Despite incomplete evidence in this very heterogeneous patient group, maximising resection of CRLM using all available techniques remains a key objective and provides the best chance of long-term survival and cure. To this end, liver resection is maximised by the use of downsizing chemotherapy, optimisation of liver remnant by portal vein embolization, associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy, and combining resection with ablation, in the context of improvements in the functional assessment of the future remnant liver. Liver resection may safely be carried out laparoscopically or open, and synchronously with, or before, colorectal surgery in selected patients. For unresectable patients, treatment options including systemic chemotherapy, targeted biological agents, intra-arterial infusion or bead delivered chemotherapy, tumour ablation, stereotactic radiotherapy, and selective internal radiotherapy contribute to improve survival and may convert initially unresectable patients to operability. Currently evolving areas include biomarker characterisation of tumours, the development of novel systemic agents targeting specific oncogenic pathways, and the potential re-emergence of radical surgical options such as liver transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack Martin
- Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research and Academic Health Sciences Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Angelica Petrillo
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Napoli 80131, Italy, & Medical Oncology Unit, Ospedale del Mare, 80147 Napoli Italy
| | - Elizabeth C Smyth
- Department of Oncology, Addenbrookes Hospital, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research and Academic Health Sciences Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Nadeem Shaida
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrookes Hospital, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research and Academic Health Sciences Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB22 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Samir Khwaja
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrookes Hospital, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research and Academic Health Sciences Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB22 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - HK Cheow
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research and Academic Health Sciences Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Duckworth
- Department of Pathology, Addenbrookes Hospital, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research and Academic Health Sciences Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Paula Heister
- Department of Pathology, Addenbrookes Hospital, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research and Academic Health Sciences Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Raaj Praseedom
- Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research and Academic Health Sciences Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Asif Jah
- Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research and Academic Health Sciences Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Anita Balakrishnan
- Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research and Academic Health Sciences Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Harper
- Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research and Academic Health Sciences Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Siong Liau
- Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research and Academic Health Sciences Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Vasilis Kosmoliaptsis
- Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research and Academic Health Sciences Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel Huguet
- Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research and Academic Health Sciences Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Li L, Deng L, Meng X, Gu C, Meng L, Li K, Zhang X, Meng Y, Xu W, Zhao L, Chen J, Zhu Z, Huang H. Tumor-targeting anti-EGFR x anti-PD1 bispecific antibody inhibits EGFR-overexpressing tumor growth by combining EGFR blockade and immune activation with direct tumor cell killing. Transl Oncol 2020; 14:100916. [PMID: 33129108 PMCID: PMC7585148 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-PD1 x anti-EGFR bispecific antibody (BsAb) exhibited all in-vitro bioactivities comparable to that of the parental mAbs and showed anti-tumor efficacies of each of the two arms on par with the mAbs in-vivo. The anti-PD1 x anti-EGFR bispecific antibody (BsAb) retained full ADCC towards cancer cells but not to T cells. Thus the BsAb is capable of killing tumor cells via ADCC while sparing T cells for T cell-induced anti-tumor immunity. The anti-PD1 x anti-EGFR bispecific antibody (BsAb) exhibited significantly stronger tumor cell killing effects in the presence of PBMC relative to that of combination of cetuximab with an anti-PD1 mAb, 609A.
We developed a strategy to combine conventional targeted therapy with immune checkpoint blockade using a tumor-targeting bispecific antibody (BsAb) to treat solid tumors. The BsAb was designed to simultaneously engage a tumor-associated antigen, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and programed cell death protein 1 (PD1). In addition to its direct anti-tumor activity via EGFR inhibition, the BsAb mediated efficient antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and activated T cell antitumor im munity through blockade of PD1 from interacting with its counterpart, programed cell death ligand 1 (PDL1). Further, the BsAb exhibited a potent direct tumor cell killing activity in the presence of PBMC, most likely, via activating and, at the same time, physically engaging T cells with tumor cells. Taken together, we here illustrate a new strategy in the design and production of novel BsAbs with enhanced therapeutic efficacy through both direct tumor growth inhibition and T cell activation via tumor-targeted immune checkpoint blockade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. a 3SBio Inc. Company, 399 Libing Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lan Deng
- Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. a 3SBio Inc. Company, 399 Libing Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaoqing Meng
- Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. a 3SBio Inc. Company, 399 Libing Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Changling Gu
- Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. a 3SBio Inc. Company, 399 Libing Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li Meng
- Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. a 3SBio Inc. Company, 399 Libing Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kai Li
- Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. a 3SBio Inc. Company, 399 Libing Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuesai Zhang
- Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. a 3SBio Inc. Company, 399 Libing Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yun Meng
- Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. a 3SBio Inc. Company, 399 Libing Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. a 3SBio Inc. Company, 399 Libing Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Le Zhao
- Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. a 3SBio Inc. Company, 399 Libing Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianhe Chen
- Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. a 3SBio Inc. Company, 399 Libing Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhenping Zhu
- Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. a 3SBio Inc. Company, 399 Libing Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Haomin Huang
- Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. a 3SBio Inc. Company, 399 Libing Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhang JX, Qin MB, Ye Z, Peng P, Li SM, Song Q, Lin L, Liu SQ, Xie LH, Zhu Y, Huang JA. Association of tricellulin expression with poor colorectal cancer prognosis and metastasis. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:2174-2184. [PMID: 33000262 PMCID: PMC7551433 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tricellulin is a tight-junction transmembrane protein that regulates cell-cell interactions. Altered tricellulin expression could promote tumor cell invasions and metastasis in human cancers. The present study assessed tricellulin expression in colorectal cancer tissues for any association with clinicopathological features of colorectal cancer patients and then investigated the underlying molecular events using quantitative proteomic analysis and in vitro experiments. Tissue samples from 98 colorectal cancer patients and 15 volunteers were collected for immunohistochemistry. Colorectal cell lines were used to overexpress or knockdown tricellulin expression in various assays. The data revealed that upregulated tricellulin expression was associated with lymph node and distant metastases and poor prognosis, while tricellulin overexpression promoted colorectal cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro. In contrast, tricellulin knockdown had positive effects on the tumor cells. Furthermore, TMT-LC-MS/MS and bioinformatics analyses revealed that tricellulin was involved in EMT and reduction of apoptosis through the NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings highlight for the first time the significance of tricellulin in colorectal cancer development and progression. Further study may validate tricellulin as a novel biomarker and target for colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xiu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530007, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Bin Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530007, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530007, P.R. China
| | - Peng Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530007, P.R. China
| | - Si-Man Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530007, P.R. China
| | - Qian Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530007, P.R. China
| | - Lan Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530007, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Quan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530007, P.R. China
| | - Li-Hua Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530007, P.R. China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530007, P.R. China
| | - Jie-An Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530007, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Quezada-Marín JI, Lam AK, Ochiai A, Odze RD, Washington KM, Fukayama M, Rugge M, Klimstra DS, Nagtegaal ID, Tan PH, Arends MJ, Goldblum JR, Cree IA, Salto-Tellez M. Gastrointestinal tissue-based molecular biomarkers: a practical categorisation based on the 2019 World Health Organization classification of epithelial digestive tumours. Histopathology 2020; 77:340-350. [PMID: 32320495 DOI: 10.1111/his.14120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Molecular biomarkers have come to constitute one of the cornerstones of oncological pathology. The method of classification not only directly affects the manner in which patients are diagnosed and treated, but also guides the development of drugs and of artificial intelligence tools. The aim of this article is to organise and update gastrointestinal molecular biomarkers in order to produce an easy-to-use guide for routine diagnostics. For this purpose, we have extracted and reorganised the molecular information on epithelial neoplasms included in the 2019 World Health Organization classification of tumours. Digestive system tumours, 5th edn.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier I Quezada-Marín
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Anatomical Pathology Service, Puerto Montt Hospital, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Alfred K Lam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Atsushi Ochiai
- Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Centre, National Cancer Centre, Kashiwa, Japan
| | | | - Kay M Washington
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Masashi Fukayama
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Massimo Rugge
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - David S Klimstra
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Iris D Nagtegaal
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Puay-Hoon Tan
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark J Arends
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John R Goldblum
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ian A Cree
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Manuel Salto-Tellez
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Cellular Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Grabovska Y, Mackay A, O'Hare P, Crosier S, Finetti M, Schwalbe EC, Pickles JC, Fairchild AR, Avery A, Cockle J, Hill R, Lindsey J, Hicks D, Kristiansen M, Chalker J, Anderson J, Hargrave D, Jacques TS, Straathof K, Bailey S, Jones C, Clifford SC, Williamson D. Pediatric pan-central nervous system tumor analysis of immune-cell infiltration identifies correlates of antitumor immunity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4324. [PMID: 32859926 PMCID: PMC7455736 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18070-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune-therapy is an attractive alternative therapeutic approach for targeting central nervous system (CNS) tumors and the constituency of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment (TIME) likely to predict patient response. Here, we describe the TIME of >6000 primarily pediatric CNS tumors using a deconvolution approach (methylCIBERSORT). We produce and validate a custom reference signature defining 11 non-cancer cell types to estimate relative proportions of infiltration in a panCNS tumor cohort spanning 80 subtypes. We group patients into three broad immune clusters associated with CNS tumor types/subtypes. In cohorts of medulloblastomas (n = 2325), malignant rhabdoid tumors (n = 229) and pediatric high-grade gliomas (n = 401), we show significant associations with molecular subgroups/subtypes, mutations, and prognosis. We further identify tumor-specific immune clusters with phenotypic characteristics relevant to immunotherapy response (i.e. Cytolytic score, PDL1 expression). Our analysis provides an indication of the potential future therapeutic and prognostic possibilities of immuno-methylomic profiling in pediatric CNS tumor patients that may ultimately inform approach to immune-therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yura Grabovska
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Alan Mackay
- Division of Molecular Pathology and Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Patricia O'Hare
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Stephen Crosier
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Martina Finetti
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Edward C Schwalbe
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jessica C Pickles
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Amy R Fairchild
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Aimee Avery
- Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Julia Cockle
- Division of Molecular Pathology and Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Hill
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Janet Lindsey
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Debbie Hicks
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mark Kristiansen
- UCL Genomics, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Jane Chalker
- Specialist Integrated Haematology and Malignancy Diagnostic Service-Acquired Genomics, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - John Anderson
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Darren Hargrave
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Thomas S Jacques
- Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Karin Straathof
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Simon Bailey
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Chris Jones
- Division of Molecular Pathology and Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Steven C Clifford
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Daniel Williamson
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Sieminska I, Baran J. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1526. [PMID: 32849517 PMCID: PMC7426395 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most common malignancies diagnosed worldwide. The pathogenesis of CRC is complex and involves, among others, accumulation of genetic predispositions and epigenetic factors, dietary habits, alterations in gut microbiota, and lack of physical activity. A growing body of evidence suggests that immune cells play different roles in CRC, comprising both pro- and anti-tumorigenic functions. Immunosuppression observed during cancer development and progression is a result of the orchestration of many cell types, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). MDSCs, along with other cells, stimulate tumor growth, angiogenesis, and formation of metastases. This article focuses on MDSCs in relation to their role in the initiation and progression of CRC. Possible forms of immunotherapies targeting MDSCs in CRC are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jarek Baran
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Song J, Wu L. Friend or Foe: Prognostic and Immunotherapy Roles of BTLA in Colorectal Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:148. [PMID: 32793631 PMCID: PMC7385242 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is a co-signaling protein belonging to the CD28 immunoglobulin superfamily. However, the role of BTLA in prognosis and immunotherapy of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. Methods We evaluated the expression of BTLA via the Oncomine and the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database. We research the outcome among different BTLA expression patients by Kaplan–Meier curve. We used the Chi-Squared test and Cox regression analysis to identify potential risk factors. Besides, the correlations between BTLA and cancer immune infiltration were investigated via CIBERSORT. Results Various cohorts showed that BTLA expression was lower in CRC compared to corresponding normal tissue. Moreover, low BTLA expression was correlated with poor overall survival in TCGA cohorts and Gene Expression Omnibus cohorts (GSE29623 and GSE17536). Low BTLA expression was associated with less lymph node metastasis (p = 0.0123). In the Cox proportional hazards model, BTLA was identified as a favorable prognostic factor. Naive B cells, memory B cells, CD8 T cells, CD4 memory resting T cells, follicular helper T (Tfh) cells, monocytes, resting natural killing (NK) cells, M0 macrophages, M1 macrophages, resting mast cells, and activated mast cells were affected by BTLA expression (all p < 0.01). Correlated immune markers and functional enrichment analysis revealed BTLA functioned in the T cell receptor signaling pathway, B cell receptor signaling pathway, and NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity pathway. Conclusion These analyses suggest BTLA is a potential factor for extended survival and closely related to CD8 T cells, Tfh cells, B cells, and NK cells in CRC. We summarize these results that BTLA can be used as a prognostic biomarker and might contribute to developing novel CRC immunological treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Song
- Department of Children's Health Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihui Wu
- Department of Children's Health Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Li Z, Li S, Liang Y, Pu H, Tu C, Wu Z, You D. Predictive Value of Postoperative Peripheral CD4+ T Cells Percentage in Stage I-III Colorectal Cancer: A Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study of 1028 Subjects. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:5505-5513. [PMID: 32753965 PMCID: PMC7353995 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s259464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Association of postoperative peripheral CD4+ T cells percentage and recurrence in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains to be explored. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between the postoperative peripheral CD4+ T cells percentage and recurrence in CRC patients. Patients and Methods Consecutive stage I–III CRC patients without neoadjuvant treatment undergoing curative resection from January 2010 to July 2016 were identified in two Chinese centers. The association between the postoperative CD4+ T cells percentage, measured within 12 weeks after surgery, and recurrence-free survival (RFS) was analyzed. Results A total of 1028 patients were identified (training set: 913 patients, validation set: 115 patients). In the training set, the 5-year RFS rate of the 441 patients with abnormal postoperative CD4+ T cells percentage was significantly lower than that of those with normal percentage (70.3% [95% CI 65.7–75.2%] vs 77.6% [95% CI 73.7–81.7%] and unadjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.36 [95% CI 1.04–1.78], P=0.02). The result was confirmed in the validation set. Multivariable Cox regression analysis demonstrated that the association of postoperative CD4+ T cells percentage with 5-year RFS was independent both in the training and validation sets. In propensity score matching analysis, patients with normal postoperative CD4+ T cells percentage were found to have a favourable response to adjuvant chemotherapy (HR 0.29 [95% CI 0.12–0.72], P=0.008). Conclusion Postoperative peripheral CD4+ T cells percentage is a predictive biomarker for RFS in patients with CRC, which can identify those who will benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Li
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming 650118, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyou Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjiang Pu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming 650118, People's Republic of China
| | - Changling Tu
- Department of Cadres Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming 650118, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety and Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingyun You
- The Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Age, sex, and specific gene mutations affect the effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors in colorectal cancer. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:105028. [PMID: 32569820 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of age and sex on the predictive value of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has been controversial, and the effect of specific gene mutations on the predictive value of CRC patients treated with ICIs remains to be explored. Our study analyzed the influence of the above factors on the overall survival (OS) of CRC patients receiving ICIs and explored the influencing mechanism of various predictive biomakers. We performed survival prognostic correlation analysis and bioinformatics analysis on the clinical CRC cohort receiving ICIs in from the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) and the clinical and genetic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-CRC dataset, including immunogenicity analysis, tumor immune microenvironment analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis and so on. We found that mutation count >11 mutation/Mb (tumor mutation burden, TMB-high) (HR = 0.22, 95 %CI: 0.09-0.53; P < 0.001), male (HR = 0.51, 95 %CI: 0.28-0.93; P = 0.029), RNF43-mutant (MT) (HR = 0.12, 95 %CI: 0.03-0.49; P = 0.003), CREBBP-MT (HR = 0.23, 95 %CI: 0.07-0.76; P = 0.016), NOTCH3-MT (HR = 0.17, 95 %CI: 0.04-0.74; P = 0018), PTCH1-MT (HR = 0.27, 95 %CI: 0.08-0.9; P = 0.033), CIC-MT (HR = 0.23, 95 %CI: 0.05-0.93; P = 0.040), DNMT1-MT (HR = 0.12, 95 %CI: 0.02-0.93; P = 0.043) and SPEN-MT (HR = 0.31, 95 %CI: 0.09-0.99; P < 0.049) are all related to longer OS, but age≤65 years (HR = 3.01, 95 %CI: 1.18-7.65; P = 0.021), APC-MT (HR = 2.51, 95 %CI: 1.12-5.63; P = 0.026) and TP53-MT (HR = 1.94, 95 %CI: 1.03-3.65; P = 0.041) are associated with shorter OS. The reason why positive predictive markers provide survival benefits to CRC may be related to higher immunogenicity such as TMB, highly expression of mRNA related to immune response, highly infiltrating immune-active cells such as CD8 + T cells, active immune-active pathways, and DNA damage repair pathways with an increased number of mutations.
Collapse
|
50
|
Tolba MF. Revolutionizing the landscape of colorectal cancer treatment: The potential role of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:2996-3006. [PMID: 32415713 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the third cause of cancer-related mortalities worldwide. The progression of CRC to the metastatic phase significantly compromises the overall survival rates. Despite the advances in the therapeutic protocols, CRC treatment is still challenging. Cancer immunotherapy joined the ranks of surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapy as the fifth pillar in the foundation of cancer therapeutics. Interruption of the immunosuppressive signals within the tumor microenvironment and reactivation of antitumor immunity via targeting the molecular immune checkpoints generated promising therapeutic outcomes in several types of hard-to-treat cancers. The year 2017 witnessed the first US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapy for the management of CRC. The approval was granted to pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1) for the treatment of patients with advanced/metastatic solid malignancies with mismatch-repair deficiency including CRCs. Such natively immunogenic tumors constitute only a minor percentage of all CRCs. Therefore, it is imperative to utilize novel combinatorial regimens to enhance the response of a wider range of CRC tumors to cancer immunotherapy and help in extending the survival rates in patients with advanced/metastatic disease. This review highlights the novel approaches under clinical development to overcome the resistance of CRCs to immunotherapy and improve the therapeutic outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mai F Tolba
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Center of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|