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Li Y, Feng Q, Wang L, Gao X, Xi Y, Ye L, Ji J, Yang X, Zhai G. Current targeting strategies and advanced nanoplatforms for atherosclerosis therapy. J Drug Target 2024; 32:128-147. [PMID: 38217526 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2023.2300694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the major causes of death worldwide, and it is closely related to many cardiovascular diseases, such as stroke, myocardial infraction and angina. Although traditional surgical and pharmacological interventions can effectively retard or slow down the progression of atherosclerosis, it is very difficult to prevent or even reverse this disease. In recent years, with the rapid development of nanotechnology, various nanoagents have been designed and applied to different diseases including atherosclerosis. The unique atherosclerotic microenvironment with signature biological components allows nanoplatforms to distinguish atherosclerotic lesions from normal tissue and to approach plaques specifically. Based on the process of atherosclerotic plaque formation, this review summarises the nanodrug delivery strategies for atherosclerotic therapy, trying to provide help for researchers to understand the existing atherosclerosis management approaches as well as challenges and to reasonably design anti-atherosclerotic nanoplatforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Qixiang Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Luyue Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xi Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yanwei Xi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Jianbo Ji
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoye Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Guangxi Zhai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
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Jia D, Zhao M, Zhang X, Cheng X, Wei Q, Lou L, Zhao Y, Jin Q, Chen M, Zhang D. Transcriptomic analysis reveals the critical role of chemokine signaling in the anti-atherosclerosis effect of Xuefu Zhuyu decoction. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 332:118245. [PMID: 38679399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The process of atherosclerosis (AS) is complicated. Transcriptomics technology can assist in discovering the underlying mechanisms and exploring the key targets of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) against atherosclerosis. AIM This study aimed to investigate targets and signaling pathways significantly related to AS and the potential intervention targets of Xuefu Zhuyu decoction by transcriptomics. MATERIALS AND METHODS AS models were established by subjecting ApoE-/-mice to an 8-week high-fat diet. Structural changes and plaque formation in the aortic root were observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE staining), while Oil Red O staining was employed to visualize lipid deposition within the aortic root plaque. Movat staining and immunohistochemical staining were conducted to examine the components present in the aortic root plaque. Macrophage content within the plaque was observed through immunofluorescence. Additionally, mRNA sequencing was performed on aortic tissues to identify differentially expressed genes. Enrichment analysis was performed using GO and KEGG analysis. Visualization of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was achieved using Cytoscape 3.7.1 and STRING. Western blotting (WB) was employed to assess the protein expression of major differentially expressed genes in the aortic tissue. The drug freeze-dried powder of Xuefu Zhuyu decoction was prepared and the RAW264.7 cells were induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to build an in vitro model. Real-time quantitative PCR was employed to measure the mRNA expression of major differential genes. RESULTS After ApoE-/- mice were fed with an 8-week high-fat diet, observable changes included the thinning of the aortic root wall, the accumulation of foam cells within the plaque, and the formation of cholesterol crystals in the model group. Treatment with Xuefu Zhuyu (XFZY) decoction for 12 weeks significantly reduced the lipid deposition and the number of macrophages (P < 0.05) and significantly increased the collagen content within the plaque (P < 0.01). Enrichment analysis revealed a high enrichment of the Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway and Chemokine signaling pathway. Noteworthy genes involved in this response included Ccl12, Ccl22, Cx3cr1, Ccr7, Ccr2, Tnfrsf25, and Gdf5. Xuefu Zhuyu decoction significantly downregulated the expression of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 (P < 0.05) and upregulated the expression of GDF5 (P < 0.01). Compared with control group, in cell models, the mRNA expressions of Ccl12, Ccl22, and Ccr2 were significantly upregulated (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Xuefu Zhuyu decoction significantly downregulated the expression of Ccl12, Ccl22, Cx3cr1, Ccr7 and Ccr2 (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Xuefu Zhuyu decoction demonstrates effective regulation of plaque components, retarding plaque progression and preserving plaque stability by modulating lipid metabolism and inflammatory responses. Subsequent transcriptome analysis identified the Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and Chemokine signaling pathway as potential key pathways for the therapeutic effects of Xuefu Zhuyu decoction. This insight not only provides crucial avenues for further exploration into the mechanisms underlying Xuefu Zhuyu decoction but also offers valuable perspectives and hypotheses for enhancing disease prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China; The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214151, China.
| | - Mengzhu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China; Department of Research and Teaching, Beijing Hepingli Hospital, Beijing, 100010, China.
| | - Xu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Qiong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Lixia Lou
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Yizhou Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Qiushuo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Meng Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Qing L, Wu W. The mechanism of geniposide in patients with COVID-19 and atherosclerosis: A pharmacological and bioinformatics analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e39065. [PMID: 39093733 PMCID: PMC11296471 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000039065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (which causes coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]), oxidative stress (OS) is associated with disease severity and death. OS is also involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS). Previous studies have shown that geniposide has anti-inflammatory and anti-viral properties, and can protect cells against OS. However, the potential target(s) of geniposide in patients with COVID-19 and AS, as well as the mechanism it uses, are unclear. We combined pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis to obtain geniposide against COVID-19/AS targets, and build protein-protein interaction network to filter hub genes. The hub genes were performed an enrichment analysis by ClueGO, including Gene Ontology and KEGG. The Enrichr database and the target microRNAs (miRNAs) of hub genes were predicted through the MiRTarBase via Enrichr. The common miRNAs were used to construct the miRNAs-mRNAs regulated network, and the miRNAs' function was evaluated by mirPath v3.0 software. Two hundred forty-seven targets of geniposide were identified in patients with COVID-19/AS comorbidity by observing the overlap between the genes modulated by geniposide, COVID-19, and AS. A protein-protein interaction network of geniposide in patients with COVID-19/AS was constructed, and 27 hub genes were identified. The results of enrichment analysis suggested that geniposide may be involved in regulating the OS via the FoxO signaling pathway. MiRNA-mRNA network revealed that hsa-miR-34a-5p may play an important role in the therapeutic mechanism of geniposide in COVID-19/AS patients. Our study found that geniposide represents a promising therapy for patients with COVID-19 and AS comorbidity. Furthermore, the target genes and miRNAs that we identified may aid the development of new treatment strategies against COVID-19/AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijin Qing
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Wei Wu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
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Chang TT, Lin LY, Chen C, Chen JW. CCL4 contributes to aging related angiogenic insufficiency through activating oxidative stress and endothelial inflammation. Angiogenesis 2024; 27:475-499. [PMID: 38739303 PMCID: PMC11303582 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-024-09922-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Aging is a natural process associated with chronic inflammation in the development of vascular dysfunction. We hypothesized that chemokine C-C motif ligands 4 (CCL4) might play a vital role in aging-related vascular dysfunction. Circulating CCL4 was up-regulated in elderly subjects and in aged animals. CCL4 inhibition reduced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), attenuated inflammation, and restored cell functions in endothelial progenitor cells from elderly subjects and in aged human aortic endothelial cells. CCL4 promoted cell aging, with impaired cell functioning, by activating ROS production and inflammation. CCL4 knockout mice and therapeutic administration of anti-CCL4 neutralizing antibodies exhibited vascular and dermal anti-aging effects, with improved wound healing, via the down-regulation of inflammatory proteins and the activation of angiogenic proteins. Altogether, our findings suggested that CCL4 may contribute to aging-related vascular dysfunction via activating oxidative stress and endothelial inflammation. CCL4 may be a potential therapeutic target for vascular protections during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Chang
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Biomedical Industry Ph.D. Program, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital and Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Liang-Yu Lin
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching Chen
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Wen Chen
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital and Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Department of Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Nagar N, Naidu G, Panda SK, Gulati K, Singh RP, Poluri KM. Elucidating the role of chemokines in inflammaging associated atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 220:111944. [PMID: 38782074 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2024.111944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Age-related inflammation or inflammaging is a critical deciding factor of physiological homeostasis during aging. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are exquisitely associated with aging and inflammation and are one of the leading causes of high mortality in the elderly population. Inflammaging comprises dysregulation of crosstalk between the vascular and cardiac tissues that deteriorates the vasculature network leading to development of atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic-associated CVDs in elderly populations. Leukocyte differentiation, migration and recruitment holds a crucial position in both inflammaging and atherosclerotic CVDs through relaying the activity of an intricate network of inflammation-associated protein-protein interactions. Among these interactions, small immunoproteins such as chemokines play a major role in the progression of inflammaging and atherosclerosis. Chemokines are actively involved in lymphocyte migration and severe inflammatory response at the site of injury. They relay their functions via chemokine-G protein-coupled receptors-glycosaminoglycan signaling axis and is a principal part for the detection of age-related atherosclerosis and related CVDs. This review focuses on highlighting the detailed intricacies of the effects of chemokine-receptor interaction and chemokine oligomerization on lymphocyte recruitment and its evident role in clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis and related CVDs. Further, the role of chemokine mediated signaling for formulating next-generation therapeutics against atherosclerosis has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupur Nagar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Goutami Naidu
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Panda
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Khushboo Gulati
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Ravindra Pal Singh
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Gujarat Biotechnology University, Gujarat International Finance Tec-City, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India; Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.
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Zhou L, Zhou L, Chen Q, Chen C, Qian Y, Lou D, Ma H, Wang S. Identification and preliminary validation of differently expressed genes as candidate biomarkers associated with atherosclerosis. Gene 2024; 915:148410. [PMID: 38527674 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atherosclerosis (AS) is the primary cause of deadly cardio-cerebro vascular diseases globally. This study aims to explore the key differentially expressed genes (DEGs), potentially serving as predictive biomarkers for AS. METHODS Microarray datasets were retrieved from the GEO database for DEGs and DE-miRNAs identification. Then biological function of DEGs were elucidated based on gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and DEGs-DE-miRNAs network were constructed, with emphasis on hub DEGs selection and their interconnections. Additionally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic precision of hub DEGs for AS. More importantly, an AS Syrian Golden hamster model was established to validate the expression levels of hub DEGs in AS. RESULTS A total of 203 DEGs and 10 DE-miRNAs were screened, with six genes were chosen as hub DEGs. These DEGs were significantly enriched in AS-related biological processes and pathways, such as immune and inflammatory response, cellular response to IL-1 and TNF, positive regulation of angiogenesis, Type I diabetes mellitus, Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, TLR signaling pathway. Also, these DEGs and DE-miRNAs formed a closely-interacted DE-miRNAs - DEGs - KEGG pathway network. Besides, hub DEGs presented promising diagnostic potential for AS (AUC: 0.781 ∼ 0.887). In addition, the protein expression levels of TNF-α, CXCL8, CCL4, IL-1β, CCL3 and CCR8 were significantly increased in AS group Syrian Golden hamsters. CONCLUSION The identified candidate genes TNF, CXCL8, CCL4, IL1B, CCL3 and CCR8 may have the potential to serve as prognostic biomarker in diagnosing AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji 311800, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liping Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji 311800, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiliang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuji Renze Rehabilitation Hospital, Zhuji 311899, Zhejiang, China
| | - Congying Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji 311800, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dayong Lou
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji 311800, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huanjie Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji 311800, Zhejiang, China
| | - Suying Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengzhou Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shengzhou 312400, Zhejiang, China.
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Xing Y, Lin X. Challenges and advances in the management of inflammation in atherosclerosis. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00253-4. [PMID: 38909884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Atherosclerosis, traditionally considered a lipid-related disease, is now understood as a chronic inflammatory condition with significant global health implications. OBJECTIVES This review aims to delve into the complex interactions among immune cells, cytokines, and the inflammatory cascade in atherosclerosis, shedding light on how these elements influence both the initiation and progression of the disease. METHODS This review draws on recent clinical research to elucidate the roles of key immune cells, macrophages, T cells, endothelial cells, and clonal hematopoiesis in atherosclerosis development. It focuses on how these cells and process contribute to disease initiation and progression, particularly through inflammation-driven processes that lead to plaque formation and stabilization. Macrophages ingest oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), which partially converts to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) or accumulates as lipid droplets, forming foam cells crucial for plaque stability. Additionally, macrophages exhibit diverse phenotypes within plaques, with pro-inflammatory types predominating and others specializing in debris clearance at rupture sites. The involvement of CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells in these processes promotes inflammatory macrophage states, suppresses vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and enhances plaque instability. RESULTS The nuanced roles of macrophages, T cells, and the related immune cells within the atherosclerotic microenvironment are explored, revealing insights into the cellular and molecular pathways that fuel inflammation. This review also addresses recent advancements in imaging and biomarker technology that enhance our understanding of disease progression. Moreover, it points out the limitations of current treatment and highlights the potential of emerging anti-inflammatory strategies, including clinical trials for agents such as p38MAPK, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and IL-1β, their preliminary outcomes, and the promising effects of canakinumab, colchicine, and IL-6R antagonists. CONCLUSION This review explores cutting-edge anti-inflammatory interventions, their potential efficacy in preventing and alleviating atherosclerosis, and the role of nanotechnology in delivering drugs more effectively and safely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Xing
- Cardiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, 230022, China
| | - Xianhe Lin
- Cardiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, 230022, China.
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Posadas-Sánchez R, Velázquez-Sánchez F, Reyes-Barrera J, Cardoso-Saldaña G, Velázquez-Argueta F, Antonio-Villa NE, Fragoso JM, Vargas-Alarcón G. MCP-1 rs1024611 Polymorphism, MCP-1 Concentrations, and Premature Coronary Artery Disease: Results of the Genetics of Atherosclerotic Disease (GEA) Mexican Study. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1292. [PMID: 38927499 PMCID: PMC11201762 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) participates in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. In vitro studies have reported that the MCP-1 rs1024611 polymorphism is associated with increased MCP-1 concentrations. The study aimed to define whether MCP-1 concentrations are associated with premature coronary artery disease (pCAD) and to establish whether variations in the rs1024611 polymorphism increase MCP-1 concentrations. MCP-1 rs1024611 polymorphism was determined in 972 pCAD patients and 1070 control individuals by real-time PCR. MCP-1 concentrations were determined by the Bio-Plex system. In the total population, men had higher MCP-1 concentrations when compared to women (p < 0.001). When stratified by rs1024611 genotypes, higher MCP-1 concentrations were observed in AA individuals compared to GG subjects (p = 0.023). When performing the analysis considering sex, the differences remained significant in women (AA vs. GG, p = 0.028 and GA vs. GG, p = 0.008). MCP-1 concentrations were similar in pCAD patients and controls (p = 0.782). However, the independent analysis of the studied groups showed that in patients with the AA genotype, MCP-1 concentrations were significantly higher when compared to patients with the GG genotype (p = 0.009). Considering that the AA genotype increases MCP-1 concentration, we evaluated whether, in AA genotype carriers, MCP-1 concentrations were associated with pCAD. The results showed that for every ten pg/mL increase in MCP-1 concentration, the risk of presenting pCAD increases by 2.7% in AA genotype individuals. Individuals with the MCP-1 rs1024611 AA genotype present an increase in MCP-1 concentration. In those individuals, increased MCP-1 concentrations increase the risk of presented pCAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalinda Posadas-Sánchez
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (R.P.-S.); (F.V.-S.); (J.R.-B.); (G.C.-S.); (F.V.-A.); (N.E.A.-V.)
| | - Fernando Velázquez-Sánchez
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (R.P.-S.); (F.V.-S.); (J.R.-B.); (G.C.-S.); (F.V.-A.); (N.E.A.-V.)
| | - Juan Reyes-Barrera
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (R.P.-S.); (F.V.-S.); (J.R.-B.); (G.C.-S.); (F.V.-A.); (N.E.A.-V.)
| | - Guillermo Cardoso-Saldaña
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (R.P.-S.); (F.V.-S.); (J.R.-B.); (G.C.-S.); (F.V.-A.); (N.E.A.-V.)
| | - Frida Velázquez-Argueta
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (R.P.-S.); (F.V.-S.); (J.R.-B.); (G.C.-S.); (F.V.-A.); (N.E.A.-V.)
| | - Neftali Eduardo Antonio-Villa
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (R.P.-S.); (F.V.-S.); (J.R.-B.); (G.C.-S.); (F.V.-A.); (N.E.A.-V.)
| | - José Manuel Fragoso
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Gilberto Vargas-Alarcón
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
- Research Direction, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
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Zhang M, Han X, Yan L, Fu Y, Kou H, Shang C, Wang J, Liu H, Jiang C, Wang J, Cheng T. Inflammatory response in traumatic brain and spinal cord injury: The role of XCL1-XCR1 axis and T cells. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14781. [PMID: 38887195 PMCID: PMC11183917 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI) are acquired injuries to the central nervous system (CNS) caused by external forces that cause temporary or permanent sensory and motor impairments and the potential for long-term disability or even death. These conditions currently lack effective treatments and impose substantial physical, social, and economic burdens on millions of people and families worldwide. TBI and SCI involve intricate pathological mechanisms, and the inflammatory response contributes significantly to secondary injury in TBI and SCI. It plays a crucial role in prolonging the post-CNS trauma period and becomes a focal point for a potential therapeutic intervention. Previous research on the inflammatory response has traditionally concentrated on glial cells, such as astrocytes and microglia. However, increasing evidence highlights the crucial involvement of lymphocytes in the inflammatory response to CNS injury, particularly CD8+ T cells and NK cells, along with their downstream XCL1-XCR1 axis. OBJECTIVE This review aims to provide an overview of the role of the XCL1-XCR1 axis and the T-cell response in inflammation caused by TBI and SCI and identify potential targets for therapy. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed and Web of Science using relevant keywords related to the XCL1-XCR1 axis, T-cell response, TBI, and SCI. RESULTS This study examines the upstream and downstream pathways involved in inflammation caused by TBI and SCI, including interleukin-15 (IL-15), interleukin-12 (IL-12), CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, NK cells, XCL1, XCR1+ dendritic cells, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), helper T0 cells (Th0 cells), helper T1 cells (Th1 cells), and helper T17 cells (Th17 cells). We describe their proinflammatory effect in TBI and SCI. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the XCL1-XCR1 axis and the T-cell response have great potential for preclinical investigations and treatments for TBI and SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkang Zhang
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Xiaonan Han
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Liyan Yan
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Yikun Fu
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Hongwei Kou
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Chunfeng Shang
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Junmin Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Hongjian Liu
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of NeurologyPeople's Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Tian Cheng
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
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Kłósek M, Kurek-Górecka A, Balwierz R, Krawczyk-Łebek A, Kostrzewa-Susłow E, Bronikowska J, Jaworska D, Czuba ZP. The Effect of Methyl-Derivatives of Flavanone on MCP-1, MIP-1β, RANTES, and Eotaxin Release by Activated RAW264.7 Macrophages. Molecules 2024; 29:2239. [PMID: 38792101 PMCID: PMC11123782 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemokines, also known as chemotactic cytokines, stimulate the migration of immune cells. These molecules play a key role in the pathogenesis of inflammation leading to atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, insulin-resistant diabetes, and cancer. Moreover, they take part in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The main objective of our research was to determine the activity of methyl-derivatives of flavanone, namely, 2'-methylflavanone (5B), 3'-methylflavanone (6B), 4'-methylflavanone (7B), and 6-methylflavanone (8B), on the releasing of selected cytokines by RAW264.7 macrophages activated by LPS. We determined the concentration of chemokines belonging to the CC chemokine family, namely, MCP-1, MIP-1β, RANTES, and eotaxin, using the Bio-Plex Magnetic Luminex Assay and the Bio-PlexTM 200 System. Among the tested compounds, only 5B and 6B had the strongest effect on inhibiting the examined chemokines' release by macrophages. Therefore, 5B and 6B appear to be potentially useful in the prevention of diseases associated with the inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kłósek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland; (J.B.); (D.J.); (Z.P.C.)
| | - Anna Kurek-Górecka
- Department of Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, St Kasztanowa 3, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Radosław Balwierz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Krawczyk-Łebek
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (A.K.-Ł.); (E.K.-S.)
| | - Edyta Kostrzewa-Susłow
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (A.K.-Ł.); (E.K.-S.)
| | - Joanna Bronikowska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland; (J.B.); (D.J.); (Z.P.C.)
| | - Dagmara Jaworska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland; (J.B.); (D.J.); (Z.P.C.)
| | - Zenon P. Czuba
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland; (J.B.); (D.J.); (Z.P.C.)
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11
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Calila H, Bălășescu E, Nedelcu RI, Ion DA. Endothelial Dysfunction as a Key Link between Cardiovascular Disease and Frailty: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2686. [PMID: 38731215 PMCID: PMC11084631 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13092686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Frailty is increasingly recognized as a significant health concern, particularly due to its association with cardiovascular pathologies. This study aims to examine how vascular endothelial dysfunction, a known premorbid stage in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases, contributes to the link between cardiovascular illness and frailty. Methods: The inclusion criteria allowed us to focus on original clinical research articles published in English between January 2014 and January 2024, which reported quantitative assessments of the relationship between frailty and vascular endothelial dysfunction. Excluded from the study were systematic literature reviews, meta-analyses, editorials, conference articles, theses, methodological articles, and studies using animal or cell culture models. Searches were conducted of electronic databases, including Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Medline, up to 22 January 2024. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tools. The methods used to present and synthesize the results involved data extraction and categorization based on biomolecular and clinical findings of endothelial dysfunction. Results: Following the application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 29 studies were identified. Vascular endothelial dysfunction was associated with increased frailty phenotypes, and we also identified SGLT-2 inhibitors' potential role as an anti-fragility treatment that affects endothelial dysfunction. This study found that the physical and biomolecular markers of endothelial dysfunction are associated with frailty measures and have predictive value for incident frailty. Furthermore, some studies have shown inflammation to have an impact on endothelial dysfunction and frailty, and an innovative age-related chronic inflammation measure has been proven to predict frailty scores. Conclusions: The current evidence suggests an association between endothelial dysfunction and frailty, highlighting the need for further research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Calila
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Fundamental Research, 2nd Pathophysiology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, District 2, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.I.N.); (D.A.I.)
| | - Elena Bălășescu
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Fundamental Research, 2nd Pathophysiology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, District 2, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.I.N.); (D.A.I.)
- SanacareVital Clinic, 010161 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Roxana Ioana Nedelcu
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Fundamental Research, 2nd Pathophysiology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, District 2, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.I.N.); (D.A.I.)
| | - Daniela Adriana Ion
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Fundamental Research, 2nd Pathophysiology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, District 2, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.I.N.); (D.A.I.)
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Muñoz-Barrera L, Perez-Sanchez C, Ortega-Castro R, Corrales S, Luque-Tevar M, Cerdó T, Sanchez-Pareja I, Font P, Lopez-Mejías R, Calvo J, Abalos-Aguilera MC, Ruiz-Vilchez D, Segui P, Merlo C, Perez-Venegas J, Ruiz Montesino MD, Rodriguez-Escalera C, Barco CR, Fernandez-Nebro A, Vazque NM, Marenco JL, Montañes JU, Godoy-Navarrete J, Cabezas-Lucena AM, Estevez EC, Aguirre MA, González-Gay MA, Barbarroja N, Escudero-Contreras A, Lopez-Pedrera C. Personalized cardiovascular risk assessment in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients using circulating molecular profiles and their modulation by TNFi, IL6Ri, and JAKinibs. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116357. [PMID: 38479179 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES This study aimed to: 1) analyze the inflammatory profile of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients, identifying clinical phenotypes associated with cardiovascular (CV) risk; 2) evaluate biologic and targeted-synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (b-DMARDs and ts-DMARDs': TNFi, IL6Ri, JAKinibs) effects; and 3) characterize molecular mechanisms in immune-cell activation and endothelial dysfunction. PATIENTS & METHODS A total of 387 RA patients and 45 healthy donors were recruited, forming three cohorts: i) 208 RA patients with established disease but without previous CV events; ii) RA-CVD: 96 RA patients with CV events, and iii) 83 RA patients treated with b-DMARDs/ts-DMARDs for 6 months. Serum inflammatory profiles (cytokines/chemokines/growth factors) and NETosis/oxidative stress-linked biomolecules were evaluated. Mechanistic in vitro studies were performed on monocytes, neutrophils and endothelial cells (EC). RESULTS In the first RA-cohort, unsupervised clustering unveiled three distinct groups: cluster 3 (C3) displayed the highest inflammatory profile, significant CV-risk score, and greater atheroma plaques prevalence. In contrast, cluster 1 (C1) exhibited the lowest inflammatory profile and CV risk score, while cluster 2 (C2) displayed an intermediate phenotype. Notably, 2nd cohort RA-CVD patients mirrored C3's inflammation. Treatment with b-DMARDs or ts-DMARDs effectively reduced disease-activity scores (DAS28) and restored normal biomolecules levels, controlling CV risk. In vitro, serum from C3-RA or RA-CVD patients increased neutrophils activity and CV-related protein levels in cultured monocytes and EC, which were partially prevented by pre-incubation with TNFi, IL6Ri, and JAKinibs. CONCLUSIONS Overall, analyzing circulating molecular profiles in RA patients holds potential for personalized clinical management, addressing CV risk and assisting healthcare professionals in tailoring treatment, ultimately improving outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Muñoz-Barrera
- Rheumatology service/Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/ Reina Sofia University Hospital/ University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Carlos Perez-Sanchez
- Rheumatology service/Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/ Reina Sofia University Hospital/ University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rafaela Ortega-Castro
- Rheumatology service/Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/ Reina Sofia University Hospital/ University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Sagrario Corrales
- Rheumatology service/Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/ Reina Sofia University Hospital/ University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Maria Luque-Tevar
- Rheumatology service/Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/ Reina Sofia University Hospital/ University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Tomás Cerdó
- Rheumatology service/Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/ Reina Sofia University Hospital/ University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ismael Sanchez-Pareja
- Rheumatology service/Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/ Reina Sofia University Hospital/ University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Pilar Font
- Rheumatology service/Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/ Reina Sofia University Hospital/ University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Raquel Lopez-Mejías
- Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Jerusalem Calvo
- Rheumatology service/Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/ Reina Sofia University Hospital/ University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - M Carmen Abalos-Aguilera
- Rheumatology service/Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/ Reina Sofia University Hospital/ University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Desiree Ruiz-Vilchez
- Rheumatology service/Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/ Reina Sofia University Hospital/ University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Pedro Segui
- Radiology Service, Reina Sofia Hospital/Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba/University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Christian Merlo
- Rheumatology service/Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/ Reina Sofia University Hospital/ University of Cordoba, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eduardo Collantes Estevez
- Rheumatology service/Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/ Reina Sofia University Hospital/ University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ma Angeles Aguirre
- Rheumatology service/Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/ Reina Sofia University Hospital/ University of Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - Nuria Barbarroja
- Rheumatology service/Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/ Reina Sofia University Hospital/ University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Alejandro Escudero-Contreras
- Rheumatology service/Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/ Reina Sofia University Hospital/ University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Chary Lopez-Pedrera
- Rheumatology service/Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/ Reina Sofia University Hospital/ University of Cordoba, Spain.
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Posadas-Sánchez R, López-Uribe ÁR, Fragoso JM, Vargas-Alarcón G. Interleukin 6 polymorphisms are associated with cardiovascular risk factors in premature coronary artery disease patients and healthy controls of the GEA Mexican study. Exp Mol Pathol 2024; 136:104886. [PMID: 38290570 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2024.104886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an acute-phase protein that plays an important role in the inflammatory response, vascular inflammation, and atherosclerosis process. The study aimed to establish whether IL-6 gene polymorphisms and IL-6 concentrations are associated with premature coronary artery disease (pCAD) and cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS The IL-6 concentrations and the rs2069827, rs1800796, and rs1800795 IL-6 polymorphisms were determined in 1150 pCAD patients and 1083 healthy controls (coronary artery calcium equal to zero determined by tomography). RESULTS The IL-6 polymorphisms studied were not associated with pCAD, but they were associated with cardiovascular risk factors in patients and controls. In controls, under the dominant model, the rs1800795 C allele and the rs2069827 T allele were associated with a low risk of central obesity (OR = 0.401, p = 0.017 and OR = 0.577, p = 0.031, respectively), hypoalphalipoproteinemia (OR = 0.581, p = 0.027 and OR = 0.700, p = 0.014, respectively) and hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 0.575, p = 0.030 and OR = 0.728, p = 0.033, respectively). In pCAD, the rs1800795 C allele was associated with an increased risk of hypoalphalipoproteinemia (OR = 1.370, padditive = 0.025) and increased C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations (OR = 1.491, padditive = 0.007). pCAD patients had significantly higher serum IL-6 concentrations compared to controls (p = 0.002). In the total population, individuals carrying the rs1800795 GC + CC genotypes had higher levels of IL-6 than carriers of the GG genotype (p = 0.025). In control individuals carrying the C allele (CG + CC), an inverse correlation was observed between IL-6 and HDL-cholesterol levels (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS In summary, the IL-6 polymorphisms were not associated with pCAD, however, they were associated with cardiovascular risk factors in pCAD patients and healthy controls. Individuals carrying the rs1800795 GC + CC genotypes had higher levels of IL-6 than carriers of the GG genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ángel Rene López-Uribe
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Manuel Fragoso
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gilberto Vargas-Alarcón
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico; Research Direction, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Yang S, Min X, Hu L, Zheng M, Lu S, Zhao M, Jia S. RFX1 regulates foam cell formation and atherosclerosis by mediating CD36 expression. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 130:111751. [PMID: 38402833 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Atherosclerosis (AS) is a continuously low-grade inflammatory disease, and monocyte-derived macrophages play a vital role in AS pathogenesis. Regulatory factor X1 (RFX1) has been reported to participate in differentiation of various cells. Our previous report showed that RFX1 expression in CD14+ monocytes from AS patients was decreased and closely related to AS development. Macrophages mostly derive from monocytes and play an important role in AS plaque formation and stability. However, the functions of RFX1 in the formation of macrophage-derived foam cells and consequent AS development are unclear. METHODS We explored the effects of RFX1 on oxidation low lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-stimulated foam cell formation and CD36 expression by increasing or silencing Rfx1 expression in mouse peritoneal macrophages (PMAs). The ApoE-/-Rfx1f/f or ApoE-/-Rfx1f/f Lyz2-Cre mice fed a high-fat diet for 24 weeks were used to further examine the effect of RFX1 on AS pathogenesis. We then performed dual luciferase reporter assays to study the regulation of RFX1 for CD36 transcription. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that RFX1 expression was significantly reduced in ox-LDL induced foam cells and negatively correlated with lipid uptake in macrophages. Besides, Rfx1 deficiency in myeloid cells aggravated atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE-/- mice. Mechanistically, RFX1 inhibited CD36 expression by directly regulating CD36 transcription in macrophages. CONCLUSIONS The reduction of RFX1 expression in macrophages is a vital determinant for foam cell formation and the initiation of AS, proving a potential novel approach for the treatment of AS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Xiaoli Min
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Longyuan Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Meiling Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Shuang Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha 410011, China; Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Sujie Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China.
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Yang R, Lin F, Wang W, Dai G, Ke X, Wu G. Investigating the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Carthamus tinctorius L.-derived nanovesicles in atherosclerosis treatment. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:178. [PMID: 38475787 PMCID: PMC10936069 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01561-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carthamus tinctorius L., a traditional herbal medicine used for atherosclerosis (AS), lacks a clear understanding of its therapeutic mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Carthamus tinctorius L.-derived nanovesicles (CDNVs) in AS treatment. METHODS CDNVs were isolated and characterized using improved isolation methods. Transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and protein analysis confirmed their morphology, size, and protein composition. Small RNA sequencing was performed to identify the miRNA profile of CDNVs, and bioinformatics analysis was used to determine their potential biological roles. In vivo biodistribution and toxicity studies were conducted in mice to assess the stability and safety of orally administered CDNVs. The anti-atherosclerotic effects of CDNVs were evaluated in ApoE-/- mice through plaque burden analysis. The protective effects of CDNVs on ox-LDL-treated endothelial cells were assessed through proliferation, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species activation, and monocyte adhesion assays. miRNA and mRNA sequencing of CDNV-treated endothelial cells were performed to explore their regulatory effects and potential target genes. RESULTS CDNVs were successfully isolated and purified from Carthamus tinctorius L. tissue lysates. They exhibited a saucer-shaped or cup-shaped morphology, with an average particle size of 142.6 ± 0.7 nm, and expressed EV markers CD63 and TSG101. CDNVs contained proteins, small RNAs, and metabolites, including the therapeutic compound HSYA. Small RNA sequencing identified 95 miRNAs, with 10 common miRNAs accounting for 72.63% of the total miRNAs. These miRNAs targeted genes involved in cell adhesion, apoptosis, and cell proliferation, suggesting their relevance in cardiovascular disease. Orally administered CDNVs were stable in the gastrointestinal tract, absorbed into the bloodstream, and accumulated in the liver, lungs, heart, and aorta. They significantly reduced the burden of atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE-/- mice and exhibited superior effects compared to HSYA. In vitro studies demonstrated that CDNVs were taken up by HUVECs, promoted proliferation, attenuated ox-LDL-induced apoptosis and ROS activation, and reduced monocyte adhesion. CDNV treatment resulted in significant changes in miRNA and mRNA expression profiles of HUVECs, with enrichment in inflammation-related genes. CXCL12 was identified as a potential direct target of miR166a-3p. CONCLUSION CDNVs isolated from Carthamus tinctorius L. tissue lysates represent a promising oral therapeutic option for cardiovascular diseases. The delivery of miRNAs by CDNVs regulates inflammation-related genes, including CXCL12, in HUVECs, suggesting their potential role in modulating endothelial inflammation. These findings provide valuable insights into the therapeutic potential of CDNVs and their miRNAs in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfeng Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Shenzhen, China
| | - Fengxia Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Bao'an Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenlin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (Shenzhen Sun Yat-sen Cardiovascular Hospital), Shenzhen, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Gang Dai
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao Ke
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (Shenzhen Sun Yat-sen Cardiovascular Hospital), Shenzhen, China.
| | - Guifu Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
- Guangdong Innovative Engineering and Technology Research Center for Assisted Circulation, Shenzhen, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Shenzhen, China.
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Xiao L, Lin S, Zhan F. Identification of hub genes and transcription factors in patients with primary gout complicated with atherosclerosis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3992. [PMID: 38368442 PMCID: PMC10874450 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54581-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence shows that primary gout is prone to develop to atherosclerosis, but the mechanism of its occurrence is still not fully clarified. The aim of this study was to explore the molecular mechanism of the occurrence of this complication in gout. The gene expression profiles of primary gout and atherosclerosis were downloaded from the gene expression omnibus database. Overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between gout and atherosclerosis were identified. The biological roles of common DEGs were explored through enrichment analyses. Hub genes were identified using protein-protein interaction networks. The immune infiltrations of 28 types of immune cells in gout and control samples from GSE160170 were evaluated by the ssGSEA method. Transcription factors (TFs) were predicted using Transcriptional Regulatory Relationships Unraveled by Sentence Based Text Mining (TRRUST) database. A total of 168 overlapping DEGs were identified. Functional enrichment analyses indicated that DEGs were mostly enriched in chemokine signaling pathway, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, and TNF signaling pathway. CytoScape demonstrated 11 hub genes and two gene cluster modules. The immune infiltration analysis showed that the expression of DEGs in gout was significantly upregulated in activated CD4 T cells, gamma delta T cells, T follicular helper cell, CD56dim natural killer cells, and eosinophil. TRRUST predicted one TF, RUNX family transcription factor 1. Our study explored the pathogenesis of gout with atherosclerosis and discovered the immune infiltration of gout. These results may guide future experimental research and clinical transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xiao
- Department of Rheumatology and immunology, Affiliated Wuxi Fifth Hospital of Jiangnan University, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shudian Lin
- Department of Rheumatology and immunology, Hainan general hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Feng Zhan
- Department of Rheumatology and immunology, Hainan general hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan, China
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Cavallero S, Roustaei M, Satta S, Cho JM, Phan H, Baek KI, Blázquez-Medela AM, Gonzalez-Ramos S, Vu K, Park SK, Yokota T, Sumner J, Mack JJ, Sigmund CD, Reddy ST, Li R, Hsiai TK. Exercise mitigates flow recirculation and activates metabolic transducer SCD1 to catalyze vascular protective metabolites. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj7481. [PMID: 38354249 PMCID: PMC10866565 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj7481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Exercise promotes pulsatile shear stress in the arterial circulation and ameliorates cardiometabolic diseases. However, exercise-mediated metabolic transducers for vascular protection remain under-investigated. Untargeted metabolomic analysis demonstrated that wild-type mice undergoing voluntary wheel running exercise expressed increased endothelial stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) that catalyzes anti-inflammatory lipid metabolites, namely, oleic (OA) and palmitoleic acids (PA), to mitigate NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses. In silico analysis revealed that exercise augmented time-averaged wall shear stress but mitigated flow recirculation and oscillatory shear index in the lesser curvature of the mouse aortic arch. Following exercise, endothelial Scd1-deleted mice (Ldlr-/- Scd1EC-/-) on high-fat diet developed persistent VCAM1-positive endothelium in the lesser curvature and the descending aorta, whereas SCD1 overexpression via adenovirus transfection mitigated endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammatory biomarkers. Single-cell transcriptomics of the aorta identified Scd1-positive and Vcam1-negative endothelial subclusters interacting with other candidate genes. Thus, exercise mitigates flow recirculation and activates endothelial SCD1 to catalyze OA and PA for vascular endothelial protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Cavallero
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mehrdad Roustaei
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandro Satta
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jae Min Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Henry Phan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kyung In Baek
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ana M. Blázquez-Medela
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sheila Gonzalez-Ramos
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Khoa Vu
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Seul-Ki Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tomohiro Yokota
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Sumner
- Department of Psychology, College of Life Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julia J. Mack
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Curt D. Sigmund
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Srinivasa T. Reddy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rongsong Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tzung K. Hsiai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Chang CT, Huang CH. Effects of various cross-linked collagen scaffolds on wound healing in rats model by deep-learning CNN. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38357717 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2024.2315141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Scar tissue is connective tissue formed on the wound during the wound-healing process. The most significant distinction between scar tissue and normal tissue is the appearance of covalent cross-linking and the amount of collagen fibers in the tissue. This study investigates the efficacy of four types of collagen scaffolds in promoting wound healing and regeneration in a Sprague-Dawley murine model-the histomorphology analysis of collagen scaffolds and developing a deep learning model for accurate tissue classification. Four female rats (n = 24) groups received collagen scaffolds prepared through physical and chemical crosslinking. Wound healing progress was evaluated by monitoring granulation tissue formation, collagen matrix organization, and collagen fiber deposition, with histological scoring for quantification-the EDC and HA groups demonstrated enhanced tissue regeneration. The EDC and HA groups observed significant differences in wound regeneration outcomes. Deep-learning CNN models with data augmentation techniques were used for image analysis to enhance objectivity. The CNN architecture featured pre-trained VGG16 layers and global average pooling (GAP) layers. Feature visualization using Grad-CAM heatmaps provided insights into the neural network's focus on specific wound features. The model's AUC score of 0.982 attests to its precision. In summary, collagen scaffolds can promote wound healing in mice, and the deep learning image analysis method we proposed may be a new method for wound healing assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Tsung Chang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Lunghwa University of Science and Technology, Guishan, Taoyuan County, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hui Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ciarambino T, Crispino P, Minervini G, Giordano M. Role of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Pathogenesis, Evolution, and Complication of Atherosclerotic Plaque. Biomedicines 2024; 12:400. [PMID: 38398002 PMCID: PMC10886498 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic management of atherosclerosis focuses almost exclusively on the reduction of plasma cholesterol levels. An important role in the genesis and evolution of atherosclerosis is played by chronic inflammation in promoting thrombosis phenomena after atheroma rupture. This review aims to take stock of the knowledge so far accumulated on the role of endemic HP infection in atherosclerosis. The studies produced so far have demonstrated a causal relationship between Helicobacter pylori (HP) and CVD. In a previous study, we demonstrated in HP-positive patients that thrombin and plasma fragment 1 + 2 production was proportionally related to tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels and that eradication of the infection resulted in a reduction of inflammation. At the end of our review, we can state that HP slightly affects the risk of CVD, particularly if the infection is associated with cytotoxic damage, and HP screening could have a clinically significant role in patients with a high risk of CVD. Considering the high prevalence of HP infection, an infection screening could be of great clinical utility in patients at high risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Ciarambino
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital of Marcianise, ASL Caserta, 81037 Caserta, Italy
| | - Pietro Crispino
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital of Latina, ASL Latina, 04100 Latina, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Minervini
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital of Lagonegro, AOR San Carlo, 85042 Lagonegro, Italy;
| | - Mauro Giordano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 81100 Naples, Italy;
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Wang C, Liu S, Yang Y, Kamronbek R, Ni S, Cheng Y, Zhou C, Yan H, Li L, Liu H, Wang Y, Qin Y, Yin C, Zhang M. Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-17 are associated with coronary artery disease. Clin Cardiol 2024; 47:e24188. [PMID: 38146141 PMCID: PMC10823557 DOI: 10.1002/clc.24188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study aimed to examine the correlation between serum cytokine levels and the incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD), a leading cause of mortality globally, which is known to have a strong association with inflammatory factors. The study further sought to determine the predictors of CAD to distinguish patients with coronary artery lesions from those suspected of having CAD. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, 487 patients who underwent coronary angiography as a result of suspected CAD but without acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were recruited. The serum levels of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon (IFN)-α, and IFN-γ were measured using a multiplexed particle-based flow cytometric assay technique. The results of the study revealed that the levels of IL-4, IL-12p70, IL-17, IFN-α, and IFN-γ in the CAD group were significantly lower compared to those in the non-CAD group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that two serum cytokines (IL-4 and IL-17), one protective factor (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]), and three risk factors (sex, smoking, and diabetes) were independently predictive of CAD. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the combined use of these predictors in a multivariate model demonstrated good predictive performance for CAD, as evidenced by an area under the curve value of 0.826. CONCLUSION The results of the study indicated that serum IL-4 and IL-17 levels serve as independent predictors of CAD. The risk prediction model established in the research, which integrates these serum cytokines (IL-4 and IL-17) with relevant clinical risk factors (gender, smoking, and diabetes) and the protective factor HDL-C, holds the potential to differentiate patients with CAD from those suspected of having CAD but without AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Wang
- Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Beijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Sheng Liu
- Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Beijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yunxiao Yang
- Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Beijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Raimov Kamronbek
- Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Beijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Siyao Ni
- Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Beijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yunjiu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Can Zhou
- Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Beijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Huiyuan Yan
- Department of CardiologyHangjinqi People's HospitalInner MongoliaChina
| | - Li Li
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of OrthopedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction‐Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel DiseaseCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yanwen Qin
- Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction‐Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel DiseaseCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chengqian Yin
- Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Beijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ming Zhang
- Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Beijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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Lv H, Zhang Z, Fu B, Li Z, Yin T, Liu C, Xu B, Wang D, Li B, Hao J, Zhang L, Wang J. Characteristics of the gut microbiota of patients with symptomatic carotid atherosclerotic plaques positive for bacterial genetic material. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1296554. [PMID: 38282614 PMCID: PMC10811106 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1296554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The gut microbiota (GM) is believed to be closely associated with symptomatic carotid atherosclerosis (SCAS), yet more evidence is needed to substantiate the significant role of GM in SCAS. This study, based on the detection of bacterial DNA in carotid plaques, explores the characteristics of GM in SCAS patients with plaque bacterial genetic material positivity, aiming to provide a reference for subsequent research. Methods We enrolled 27 healthy individuals (NHF group) and 23 SCAS patients (PFBS group). We utilized 16S rDNA V3-V4 region gene sequencing to analyze the microbiota in fecal samples from both groups, as well as in plaque samples from the carotid bifurcation extending to the origin of the internal carotid artery in all patients. Results Our results indicate significant differences in the gut microbiota (GM) between SCAS patients and healthy individuals. The detection rate of bacterial DNA in plaque samples was approximately 26%. Compared to patients with negative plaques (PRSOPWNP group), those with positive plaques (PRSOPWPP group) exhibited significant alterations in their GM, particularly an upregulation of 11 bacterial genera (such as Klebsiella and Streptococcus) in the gut, which were also present in the plaques. In terms of microbial gene function prediction, pathways such as Fluorobenzoate degradation were significantly upregulated in the GM of patients with positive plaques. Conclusion In summary, our study is the first to identify significant alterations in the gut microbiota of patients with positive plaques, providing crucial microbial evidence for further exploration of the pathogenesis of SCAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Lv
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Fu
- Department of Precision Medicine, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Zhongchen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Tengkun Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Xu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Baojie Li
- Bio-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiheng Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Liyong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Jiyue Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
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Jiang RY, Yao LW, Lv YH, Guo ZT, Wang FF, Cui HH, Cheng YY, Wang F. Stytontriterpenes A-C, three unusual oleanane-derived triterpenoids from the resin of Styrax tonkinensis as potential immunosuppressive agents in atherosclerosis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 217:113905. [PMID: 37913836 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Three unusual oleanane-derived triterpenoids, stytontriterpenes A-C (1-3), were isolated from the resin of Styrax tonkinensis together with an oleanane-lactone (stytontriterpene D, 4). Their structures and absolute configurations were characterised using a combination of spectroscopic analysis, electronic circular dichroism, and theoretical calculations. 1 and 2 belong to nor-oleanane with rare spiro D/E rings and 3 contains one infrequent C32 scaffold. 1 considerably suppressed the number of adhered leukemic monocytes (THP-1) to human umbilical vein endothelial cells and attenuated the upregulations of mRNA and protein levels of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 at 5 μM, suggesting that 1 might be a promising anti-vascular inflammatory chemical for atherosclerosis therapy. Plausible biosynthetic pathways for 1-4 are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Yan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ling-Wen Yao
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Yin-Hong Lv
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhong-Tian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Fei-Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hong-Hua Cui
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, And International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Chen J, Xu F, Mo X, Cheng Y, Wang L, Yang H, Li J, Zhang S, Zhang S, Li N, Cao Y. Exploratory Study of Differentially Expressed Genes of Peripheral Blood Monocytes in Patients with Carotid Atherosclerosis. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:1344-1357. [PMID: 37608666 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230822122045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The abundance of circulating monocytes is closely associated with the development of atherosclerosis in humans. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to further research into diagnostic biomarkers and targeted treatment of carotid atherosclerosis (CAS). METHODS We performed transcriptomics analysis through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of monocytes from patients in public databases with and without CAS. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by R package limma. Diagnostic molecules were derived by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) algorithms. NetworkAnalyst, miRWalk, and Star- Base databases assisted in the construction of diagnostic molecule regulatory networks. The Drug- Bank database predicted drugs targeting the diagnostic molecules. RT-PCR tested expression profiles. RESULTS From 14,369 hub genes and 61 DEGs, six differentially expressed monocyte-related hub genes were significantly associated with immune cells, immune responses, monocytes, and lipid metabolism. LASSO and SVM-RFE yielded five genes for CAS prediction. RT-PCR of these genes showed HMGB1 was upregulated, and CCL3, CCL3L1, CCL4, and DUSP1 were downregulated in CAS versus controls. Then, we constructed and visualized the regulatory networks of 9 transcription factors (TFs), which significantly related to 5 diagnostic molecules. About 11 miRNAs, 19 lncRNAs, and 39 edges centered on four diagnostic molecules (CCL3, CCL4, DUSP1, and HMGB1) were constructed and displayed. Eleven potential drugs were identified, including ibrutinib, CTI-01, roflumilast etc. Conclusion: A set of five biomarkers were identified for the diagnosis of CAS and for the study of potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhai Chen
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
- Internal Medicine Department Three Ward, Guiyang Public Health Clinical Center, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyan Xu
- Comprehensive Ward, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangang Mo
- Comprehensive Ward, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiju Cheng
- The Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Guiyang Public Health Clinical Center, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Wang
- Comprehensive Ward, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yang
- Comprehensive Ward, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajing Li
- Comprehensive Ward, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyue Zhang
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuping Zhang
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Nannan Li
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Cao
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
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Zhou L, Wang Z, Wang L, Zhang X, Xiao Y. Tetrazine-Based Ratiometric Nitric Oxide Sensor Identifies Endogenous Nitric Oxide in Atherosclerosis Plaques by Riding Macrophages as a Smart Vehicle. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:28296-28306. [PMID: 38090812 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the formation of plaques in blood vessels, which leads to serious cardiovascular diseases. Current research has disclosed that the formation of AS plaques is highly related to the foaming of macrophages. However, there is a lack of detailed molecular biological mechanisms. We proposed a "live sensor" by grafting a tetrazine-based ratiometric NO probe within macrophages through metabolic and bio-orthogonal labeling. This "live sensor" was proved to target the AS plaques with a diameter of only tens of micrometers specifically and visualized endogenous NO at two lesion stages in the AS mouse model. The ratiometric signals from the probe confirmed the participation of NO during AS and indicated that the generation of endogenous NO increased significantly as the lesion progressed. Our proposal of this "live sensor" provided a native and smart strategy to target and deliver small molecular probes to the AS plaques at the in vivo level, which can be used as universal platforms for the detection of reactive molecules or microenvironmental factors in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zehui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Lai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xinfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Integrative analysis of gene and protein expression in atherosclerosis-related pathways modulated by periodontal pathogens. Systematic review. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2023; 59:8-22. [PMID: 36654677 PMCID: PMC9841036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms modulated by periodontal pathogens in atherosclerosis are not fully understood. Aim: to perform an integrative analysis of gene and protein expression modulated by periodontal pathogens in cells and animal models for atherosclerosis. Methods Cochrane, PRISMA and AMSTAR2 guidelines for systematic reviews were followed. Data search was conducted in Pub-med, LILACS and Science Direct databases. Gene and protein expression data were collected from the included papers to perform an overrepresentation analysis using the Reactome Pathway Analysis tool and the KEGG database. Results Thirty-two papers were included in the review, they analyzed the effect of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus sanguinis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola or/and their virulent factors on gene and protein expression in human cells and animal models of atherosclerosis. Some of the modulated pathways include the immune system, programmed cell death, cellular responses to external stimuli, transport of small molecules, and signal transduction (p < 0.05). Those pathways are known to be involved in different stages of atherosclerosis progression. Conclusion Based on the performed analysis, it is possible to state that periodontal pathogens have the potential to be a contributing factor for atherosclerosis even in absence of a high-fat diet or high shear stress.
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Xu P, Cai X, Guan X, Xie W. Sulfoconjugation of protein peptides and glycoproteins in physiology and diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 251:108540. [PMID: 37777160 PMCID: PMC10842354 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Protein sulfoconjugation, or sulfation, represents a critical post-translational modification (PTM) process that involves the attachment of sulfate groups to various positions of substrates within the protein peptides or glycoproteins. This process plays a dynamic and complex role in many physiological and pathological processes. Here, we summarize the importance of sulfation in the fields of oncology, virology, drug-induced liver injury (DILI), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and atherosclerosis. In oncology, sulfation is involved in tumor initiation, progression, and migration. In virology, sulfation influences viral entry, replication, and host immune response. In DILI, sulfation is associated with the incidence of DILI, where altered sulfation affects drug metabolism and toxicity. In IBD, dysregulation of sulfation compromises mucosal barrier and immune response. In atherosclerosis, sulfation influences the development of atherosclerosis by modulating the accumulation of lipoprotein, and the inflammation, proliferation, and migration of smooth muscle cells. The current review underscores the importance of further research to unravel the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic potential of targeting sulfoconjugation in various diseases. A better understanding of sulfation could facilitate the emergence of innovative diagnostic or therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xinran Cai
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Xiuchen Guan
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Domaingo A, Jokesch P, Schweiger A, Gschwandtner M, Gerlza T, Koch M, Midwood KS, Kungl AJ. Chemokine Binding to Tenascin-C Influences Chemokine-Induced Immune Cell Migration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14694. [PMID: 37834140 PMCID: PMC10572825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tenascin-C (TNC) is a complex glycoprotein of the extracellular matrix (ECM) involved in a plethora of (patho-)physiological processes, such as oncogenesis and inflammation. Since chemokines play an essential role in both disease processes, we have investigated here the binding of TNC to some of the key chemokines, namely CCL2, CCL26, CXCL8, CXCL10, and CXCL12. Thereby, a differential chemokine-TNC binding pattern was observed, with CCL26 exhibiting the highest and CCL2 the lowest affinity for TNC. Heparan sulfate (HS), another member of the ECM, proved to be a similarly high-affinity ligand of TNC, with a Kd value of 730 nM. Chemokines use glycosa-minoglycans such as HS as co-receptors to induce immune cell migration. Therefore, we assumed an influence of TNC on immune cell chemotaxis due to co-localization within the ECM. CCL26- and CCL2-induced mobilization experiments of eosinophils and monocytes, respectively, were thus performed in the presence and the absence of TNC. Pre-incubation of the immune cells with TNC resulted in a 3.5-fold increase of CCL26-induced eosinophil chemotaxis, whereas a 1.3-fold de-crease in chemotaxis was observed when monocytes were pre-incubated with CCL2. As both chemokines have similar HS binding but different TNC binding affinities, we speculate that TNC acts as an attenuator in monocyte and as an amplifier in eosinophil mobilization by impeding CCL2 from binding to HS on the one hand, and by reinforcing CCL26 to bind to HS on the other hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa Domaingo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Schubertstr. 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Philipp Jokesch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Schubertstr. 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Alexandra Schweiger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Schubertstr. 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Martha Gschwandtner
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Tanja Gerlza
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Schubertstr. 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Manuel Koch
- Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Kim S. Midwood
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Andreas J. Kungl
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Schubertstr. 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Antagonis Biotherapeutics GmbH, Strasserhofweg 77a, 8045 Graz, Austria
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Hinkley H, Counts DA, VonCanon E, Lacy M. T Cells in Atherosclerosis: Key Players in the Pathogenesis of Vascular Disease. Cells 2023; 12:2152. [PMID: 37681883 PMCID: PMC10486666 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of lipid-rich plaques within arterial walls. T cells play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in which they help orchestrate immune responses and contribute to plaque development and instability. Here, we discuss the recognition of atherosclerosis-related antigens that may trigger T cell activation together with additional signaling from co-stimulatory molecules and lesional cytokines. Although few studies have indicated candidates for the antigen specificity of T cells in atherosclerosis, further research is needed. Furthermore, we describe the pro-atherogenic and atheroprotective roles of diverse subsets of T cells such as CD4+ helper, CD8+ cytotoxic, invariant natural killer, and γδ T cells. To classify and quantify T cell subsets in atherosclerosis, we summarize current methods to analyze cellular heterogeneity including single cell RNA sequencing and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing. Further insights into T cell biology will help shed light on the immunopathology of atherosclerosis, inform potential therapeutic interventions, and pave the way for precision medicine approaches in combating cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael Lacy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic immune-mediated disease characterized by microangiopathy, immune dysregulation, and progressive fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. Though not fully understood, the pathogenesis of SSc is dominated by microvascular injury, endothelial dysregulation, and immune response that are thought to be associated with fibroblast activation and related fibrogenesis. Among the main clinical subsets, diffuse SSc (dSSc) is a progressive form with rapid and disseminated skin thickening accompanied by internal organ fibrosis and dysfunction. Despite recent advances and multiple randomized clinical trials in early dSSc patients, an effective disease-modifying treatment for progressive skin fibrosis is still missing, and there is a crucial need to identify new targets for therapeutic intervention. Eotaxin-2 (CCL24) is a chemokine secreted by immune cells and epithelial cells, which promotes trafficking of immune cells and activation of pro-fibrotic cells through CCR3 receptor binding. Higher levels of CCL24 and CCR3 were found in the skin and sera of patients with SSc compared with healthy controls; elevated levels of CCL24 and CCR3 were associated with fibrosis and predictive of greater lung function deterioration. Growing evidence supports the potency of a CCL24-blocking antibody as an anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic modulating agent in multiple preclinical models that involve liver, skin, and lung inflammation and fibrosis. This review highlights the role of CCL24 in orchestrating immune, vascular, and fibrotic pathways, and the potential of CCL24 inhibition as a novel treatment for SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexandra Balbir-Gurman
- Rheumatology Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Dimitroglou Y, Aggeli C, Theofilis P, Tsioufis P, Oikonomou E, Chasikidis C, Tsioufis K, Tousoulis D. Novel Anti-Inflammatory Therapies in Coronary Artery Disease and Acute Coronary Syndromes. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1669. [PMID: 37629526 PMCID: PMC10455741 DOI: 10.3390/life13081669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that inflammation plays an important role in atherosclerosis and the consequent clinical presentation, including stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The most essential elements are cytokines, proteins with hormone-like properties that are produced by the immune cells, endothelial cells, platelets, fibroblasts, and some stromal cells. Interleukins (IL-1β and IL-6), chemokines, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) are the cytokines commonly associated with endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and atherosclerosis. These molecules can be targeted by commonly used therapeutic substances or selective molecules that exert targeted anti-inflammatory actions. The most significant anti-inflammatory therapies are aspirin, statins, colchicine, IL-1β inhibitors, and IL-6 inhibitors, along with novel therapies such as TNF-α inhibitors and IL-1 receptor antagonists. Aspirin and statins are well-established therapies for atherosclerosis and CAD and their pleiotropic and anti-inflammatory actions contribute to their efficacy and favorable profile. Colchicine may also be considered in high-risk patients if recurrent ACS episodes occur when on optimal medical therapy according to the most recent guidelines. Recent randomized studies have also shown that therapies specifically targeting inflammatory interleukins and inflammation can reduce the risk for cardiovascular events, but these therapies are yet to be fully implemented in clinical practice. Preclinical research is also intense, targeting various inflammatory mediators that are believed to be implicated in CAD, namely repeated transfers of the soluble mutant of IFN-γ receptors, NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors, IL-10 delivery by nanocarriers, chemokine modulatory treatments, and reacting oxygen species (ROS) targeting nanoparticles. Such approaches, although intriguing and promising, ought to be tested in clinical settings before safe conclusions can be drawn. Although the link between inflammation and atherosclerosis is significant, further studies are needed in order to elucidate this association and improve outcomes in patients with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannis Dimitroglou
- First Department of Cardiology, “Hippokration” General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (Y.D.); (C.A.); (P.T.); (K.T.); (D.T.)
| | - Constantina Aggeli
- First Department of Cardiology, “Hippokration” General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (Y.D.); (C.A.); (P.T.); (K.T.); (D.T.)
| | - Panagiotis Theofilis
- First Department of Cardiology, “Hippokration” General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (Y.D.); (C.A.); (P.T.); (K.T.); (D.T.)
| | - Panagiotis Tsioufis
- First Department of Cardiology, “Hippokration” General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (Y.D.); (C.A.); (P.T.); (K.T.); (D.T.)
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- Third Department of Cardiology, Thoracic Diseases General Hospital “Sotiria”, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Christos Chasikidis
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Corinth, 20100 Corinth, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos Tsioufis
- First Department of Cardiology, “Hippokration” General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (Y.D.); (C.A.); (P.T.); (K.T.); (D.T.)
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- First Department of Cardiology, “Hippokration” General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (Y.D.); (C.A.); (P.T.); (K.T.); (D.T.)
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31
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Ebert S, Zang L, Ismail N, Otabil M, Fröhlich A, Egea V, Ács S, Hoeberg M, Berres ML, Weber C, Moreira JMA, Ries C, Bernhagen J, El Bounkari O. Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases-1 Interacts with CD74 to Promote AKT Signaling, Monocyte Recruitment Responses, and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation. Cells 2023; 12:1899. [PMID: 37508563 PMCID: PMC10378328 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), an important regulator of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), has recently been shown to interact with CD74, a receptor for macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). However, the biological effects mediated by TIMP-1 through CD74 remain largely unexplored. Using sequence alignment and in silico protein-protein docking analysis, we demonstrated that TIMP-1 shares residues with both MIF and MIF-2, crucial for CD74 binding, but not for CXCR4. Subcellular colocalization, immunoprecipitation, and internalization experiments supported these findings, demonstrating that TIMP-1 interacts with surface-expressed CD74, resulting in its internalization in a dose-dependent manner, as well as with a soluble CD74 ectodomain fragment (sCD74). This prompted us to study the effects of the TIMP-1-CD74 axis on monocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSCMs) to assess its impact on vascular inflammation. A phospho-kinase array revealed the activation of serine/threonine kinases by TIMP-1 in THP-1 pre-monocytes, in particular AKT. Similarly, TIMP-1 dose-dependently triggered the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK1/2 in primary human monocytes. Importantly, Transwell migration, 3D-based Chemotaxis, and flow adhesion assays demonstrated that TIMP-1 engagement of CD74 strongly promotes the recruitment response of primary human monocytes, while live cell imaging studies revealed a profound activating effect on VSMC proliferation. Finally, re-analysis of scRNA-seq data highlighted the expression patterns of TIMP-1 and CD74 in human atherosclerotic lesions, thus, together with our experimental data, indicating a role for the TIMP-1-CD74 axis in vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ebert
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Lan Zang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Noor Ismail
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Otabil
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian Fröhlich
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Virginia Egea
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Susann Ács
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Mikkel Hoeberg
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie-Luise Berres
- Department of Internal Medicine III, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Heart Alliance, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - José M A Moreira
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Ries
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bernhagen
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Heart Alliance, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Omar El Bounkari
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
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32
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Alluri SR, Higashi Y, Berendzen A, Grisanti LA, Watkinson LD, Singh K, Hoffman TJ, Carmack T, Devanny EA, Tanner M, Kil KE. Synthesis and preclinical evaluation of a novel fluorine-18 labeled small-molecule PET radiotracer for imaging of CXCR3 receptor in mouse models of atherosclerosis. EJNMMI Res 2023; 13:67. [PMID: 37438543 PMCID: PMC10338423 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-023-01017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CXCR3 is a chemokine receptor and is expressed in innate and adaptive immune cells. It promotes the recruitment of T-lymphocytes and other immune cells to the inflammatory site in response to the binding of cognate chemokines. Upregulation of CXCR3 and its chemokines has been found during atherosclerotic lesion formation. Therefore, detection of CXCR3 by positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer can be a useful tool for detecting the development of atherosclerosis in a noninvasive manner. Herein, we report the synthesis, radiosynthesis, and characterization of a novel fluorine-18 (F-18, 18F) labeled small-molecule radiotracer for the imaging of the CXCR3 receptor in mouse models of atherosclerosis. RESULTS The reference standard 1 and its precursor 9 were synthesized over 5 steps from starting materials in good to moderate yields. The measured Ki values of CXCR3A and CXCR3B were 0.81 ± 0.02 nM and 0.31 ± 0.02 nM, respectively. [18F]1 was prepared by a two-step radiosynthesis with a decay-corrected radiochemical yield of 13 ± 2%, radiochemical purity > 99%, and specific activity of 44.4 ± 3.7 GBq/µmol at the end of synthesis (n = 6). The baseline studies showed that [18F]1 displayed high uptake in the atherosclerotic aorta and brown adipose tissue in Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) knockout (KO) mice fed with a high-fat diet over 12 weeks. The uptake of [18F]1 in these regions was reduced significantly in self-blocking studies, demonstrating CXCR3 binding specificity. Contrary to this, no significant differences in uptake of [18F]1 in the abdominal aorta of C57BL/6 control mice fed with a normal diet were observed in both baseline and blocking studies, indicating increased CXCR3 expression in atherosclerotic lesions. Immunohistochemistry studies demonstrated that [18F]1-positive regions were correlated with CXCR3 expression, but some atherosclerotic plaques with significant size were not detected by [18F]1, and their CXCR3 expressions were minimal. CONCLUSION [18F]1 was synthesized with good radiochemical yield and high radiochemical purity. In PET imaging studies, [18F]1 displayed CXCR3-specific uptake in the atherosclerotic aorta in ApoE KO mice. [18F]1 visualized CXCR3 expression in different regions in mice aligned with the tissue histology studies. Taken together, [18F]1 is a potential PET radiotracer for imaging CXCR3 in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh R Alluri
- University of Missouri Research Reactor, University of Missouri, 1513 Research Park Drive, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Yusuke Higashi
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Ashley Berendzen
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Laurel A Grisanti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Lisa D Watkinson
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Kamlendra Singh
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Timothy J Hoffman
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Terry Carmack
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Devanny
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Miles Tanner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Kun-Eek Kil
- University of Missouri Research Reactor, University of Missouri, 1513 Research Park Drive, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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Pan X, Liu J, Zhong L, Zhang Y, Liu C, Gao J, Pang M. Identification of lipid metabolism-related biomarkers for diagnosis and molecular classification of atherosclerosis. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:96. [PMID: 37415143 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01864-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is now the main cause of cardiac-cerebral vascular diseases around the world. Disturbances in lipid metabolism have an essential role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Thus, we aimed to investigate lipid metabolism-related molecular clusters and develop a diagnostic model for atherosclerosis. METHODS First, we used the GSE100927 and GSE43292 datasets to screen differentially expressed lipid metabolism-related genes (LMRGs). Subsequent enrichment analysis of these key genes was performed using the Metascape database. Using 101 atherosclerosis samples, we investigated the LMRG-based molecular clusters and the corresponding immune cell infiltration. After that, a diagnostic model for atherosclerosis was constructed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate logistic regression. Finally, a series of bioinformatics techniques, including CIBERSORT, gene set variation analysis, and single-cell data analysis, were used to analyze the potential mechanisms of the model genes in atherosclerosis. RESULTS A total of 29 LMRGs were found to be differentially expressed between atherosclerosis and normal samples. Functional and DisGeNET enrichment analyses indicated that 29 LMRGs are primarily engaged in cholesterol and lipid metabolism, the PPAR signaling pathway, and regulation of the inflammatory response and are also closely associated with atherosclerotic lesions. Two LMRG-related molecular clusters with significant biological functional differences are defined in atherosclerosis. A three-gene diagnostic model containing ADCY7, SCD, and CD36 was subsequently constructed. Receiver operating characteristic curves, decision curves, and an external validation dataset showed that our model exhibits good predictive performance. In addition, three model genes were found to be closely associated with immune cell infiltration, especially macrophage infiltration. CONCLUSIONS Our study comprehensively highlighted the intricate association between lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis and created a three-gene model for future clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Pan
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Dazhou Vocational College of Chinese Medicine, Dazhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jifeng Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Lei Zhong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yunshu Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Chaosheng Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Jing Gao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Min Pang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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Weber BN, Giles JT, Liao KP. Shared inflammatory pathways of rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023; 19:417-428. [PMID: 37231248 PMCID: PMC10330911 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-023-00969-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The association between chronic inflammation and increased risk of cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is well established. In the general population, inflammation is an established independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and much interest is placed on controlling inflammation to reduce cardiovascular events. As inflammation encompasses numerous pathways, the development of targeted therapies in RA provides an opportunity to understand the downstream effect of inhibiting specific pathways on cardiovascular risk. Data from these studies can inform cardiovascular risk management in patients with RA, and in the general population. This Review focuses on pro-inflammatory pathways targeted by existing therapies in RA and with mechanistic data from the general population on cardiovascular risk. Specifically, the discussions include the IL-1, IL-6 and TNF pathways, as well as the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signalling pathway, and the role of these pathways in RA pathogenesis in the joint alongside the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Overall, some robust data support inhibition of IL-1 and IL-6 in decreasing the risk of cardiovascular disease, with growing data supporting IL-6 inhibition in both patients with RA and the general population to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany N Weber
- Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jon T Giles
- Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katherine P Liao
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Rheumatology Section, VA Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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35
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Fu L, Yu B, Zhang Y, Cao S, Lv B, Tian Y, Chen H, Yang S, Hu Y, Hua J, Ren P, Li J, Gong S. Integrative analysis of single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing unveils the senescence landscape in ischemic stroke. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:5497-5513. [PMID: 37382646 PMCID: PMC10333064 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a fatal neurological disease that occurs when the blood flow to the brain is disrupted, leading to brain tissue damage and functional impairment. Cellular senescence, a vital characteristic of aging, is associated with a poor prognosis for IS. This study explores the potential role of cellular senescence in the pathological process following IS by analyzing transcriptome data from multiple datasets (GSE163654, GSE16561, GSE119121, and GSE174574). By using bioinformatics methods, we identified hub-senescence-related genes such as ANGPTL4, CCL3, CCL7, CXCL16, and TNF and verified them using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Further analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data suggests that MG4 microglial is highly correlated with cellular senescence in MCAO, and might play a crucial role in the pathological process after IS. Additionally, we identified retinoic acid as a potential drug for improving the prognosis of IS. This comprehensive investigation of cellular senescence in various brain tissues and peripheral blood cell types provides valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of the pathology of IS and identifies potential therapeutic targets for improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhui Fu
- Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Beibei Yu
- Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yongfeng Zhang
- Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shuai Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Civil Aviation General Hospital, Chaoyang, Beijing, China
| | - Boqiang Lv
- Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yunze Tian
- Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Huangtao Chen
- Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shijie Yang
- Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yutian Hu
- Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jinghua Hua
- Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Pengyu Ren
- Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shouping Gong
- Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, China
- Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
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36
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Peng Z, Wang K, Wang S, Wu R, Yao C. Identification of necroptosis-related gene TRAF5 as potential target of diagnosing atherosclerosis and assessing its stability. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:139. [PMID: 37330462 PMCID: PMC10276484 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01573-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis (AS) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in older patients and features progressive formation of plaques in vascular tissues. With the progression of atherosclerosis, plaque rupture may occur and cause stroke, myocardial infarction, etc. Different forms of cell death promote the formation of a necrotic core of the plaque, leading to rupture. Necroptosis is a type of programmed cell death that contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease. However, the role of necroptosis in AS has not yet been investigated. METHODS The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used to obtain gene expression profiles. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and necroptosis gene sets were used to identify necroptosis-related differentially expressed genes (NRDEGs). The NRDEGs were used to construct a diagnostic model and were further screened using least absolute shrinkage selection operator (LASSO) regression and random forest (RF) analysis. The discriminatory capacity of the NRDEGs was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Immune infiltration levels were estimated based on CIBERSORTx analysis. The GSE21545 dataset, containing survival information, was used to determine prognosis-associated genes. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses combined with survival analysis determined gene prognostic values. RNA and protein levels were detected by RT-qPCR and western blotting in arteriosclerosis obliterans(ASO) and normal vascular tissues. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were treated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) to develop cell models of advanced AS. The effects of protein knockdown on necroptosis were assessed by western blotting and flow cytometry. EdU and Cell Counting Kit-8 assays were used to examine cell proliferation. RESULTS TNF Receptor Associated Factor 5 (TRAF5) was identified as a diagnostic marker for AS based on the AUC value in both the GSE20129 and GSE43292 datasets. According to differential expression analysis, LASSO regression analysis, RF analysis, univariate analysis, multivariate analysis, and gene-level survival analysis, TRAF5 was markedly associated with necroptosis in AS. Silencing TRAF5 promotes necroptosis and attenuates the proliferation of ox-LDL-induced cell models of advanced AS. CONCLUSIONS This study identified a diagnostic marker of necroptosis-related atherosclerosis, TRAF5, which can also be used to diagnose and assess atherosclerotic plaque stability. This novel finding has important implications in the diagnosis and assessment of plaque stability in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanli Peng
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kangjie Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenming Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ridong Wu
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Chen Yao
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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O'Sullivan ED, Mylonas KJ, Xin C, Baird DP, Carvalho C, Docherty MH, Campbell R, Matchett KP, Waddell SH, Walker AD, Gallagher KM, Jia S, Leung S, Laird A, Wilflingseder J, Willi M, Reck M, Finnie S, Pisco A, Gordon-Keylock S, Medvinsky A, Boulter L, Henderson NC, Kirschner K, Chandra T, Conway BR, Hughes J, Denby L, Bonventre JV, Ferenbach DA. Indian Hedgehog release from TNF-activated renal epithelia drives local and remote organ fibrosis. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabn0736. [PMID: 37256934 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn0736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Progressive fibrosis is a feature of aging and chronic tissue injury in multiple organs, including the kidney and heart. Glioma-associated oncogene 1 expressing (Gli1+) cells are a major source of activated fibroblasts in multiple organs, but the links between injury, inflammation, and Gli1+ cell expansion and tissue fibrosis remain incompletely understood. We demonstrated that leukocyte-derived tumor necrosis factor (TNF) promoted Gli1+ cell proliferation and cardiorenal fibrosis through induction and release of Indian Hedgehog (IHH) from renal epithelial cells. Using single-cell-resolution transcriptomic analysis, we identified an "inflammatory" proximal tubular epithelial (iPT) population contributing to TNF- and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-induced IHH production in vivo. TNF-induced Ubiquitin D (Ubd) expression was observed in human proximal tubular cells in vitro and during murine and human renal disease and aging. Studies using pharmacological and conditional genetic ablation of TNF-induced IHH signaling revealed that IHH activated canonical Hedgehog signaling in Gli1+ cells, which led to their activation, proliferation, and fibrosis within the injured and aging kidney and heart. These changes were inhibited in mice by Ihh deletion in Pax8-expressing cells or by pharmacological blockade of TNF, NF-κB, or Gli1 signaling. Increased amounts of circulating IHH were associated with loss of renal function and higher rates of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease. Thus, IHH connects leukocyte activation to Gli1+ cell expansion and represents a potential target for therapies to inhibit inflammation-induced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin D O'Sullivan
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Katie J Mylonas
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Cuiyan Xin
- Renal Division and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David P Baird
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Cyril Carvalho
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Marie-Helena Docherty
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Ross Campbell
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Kylie P Matchett
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Scott H Waddell
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre and MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Alexander D Walker
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre and MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Kevin M Gallagher
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- Department of Urology, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Siyang Jia
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Steve Leung
- Department of Urology, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Alexander Laird
- Department of Urology, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Julia Wilflingseder
- Renal Division and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Willi
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maximilian Reck
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Sarah Finnie
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Angela Pisco
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Alexander Medvinsky
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine. University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Luke Boulter
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre and MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Neil C Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre and MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Kristina Kirschner
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Tamir Chandra
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre and MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Bryan R Conway
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Jeremy Hughes
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Laura Denby
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Joseph V Bonventre
- Renal Division and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David A Ferenbach
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- Renal Division and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Cavallero S, Roustaei M, Satta S, Cho JM, Phan H, Baek KI, Blázquez-Medela AM, Gonzalez-Ramos S, Vu K, Park SK, Yokota T, Sumner JA, Mack JJ, Sigmund CD, Reddy ST, Li R, Hsiai TK. Exercise Mitigates Flow Recirculation and Activates Mechanosensitive Transcriptome to Uncover Endothelial SCD1-Catalyzed Anti-Inflammatory Metabolites. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.02.539172. [PMID: 37205360 PMCID: PMC10187200 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.02.539172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Exercise modulates vascular plasticity in multiple organ systems; however, the metabolomic transducers underlying exercise and vascular protection in the disturbed flow-prone vasculature remain under-investigated. We simulated exercise-augmented pulsatile shear stress (PSS) to mitigate flow recirculation in the lesser curvature of the aortic arch. When human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were subjected to PSS ( τ ave = 50 dyne·cm -2 , ∂τ/∂t = 71 dyne·cm -2 ·s -1 , 1 Hz), untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed that Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD1) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) catalyzed the fatty acid metabolite, oleic acid (OA), to mitigate inflammatory mediators. Following 24 hours of exercise, wild-type C57BL/6J mice developed elevated SCD1-catalyzed lipid metabolites in the plasma, including OA and palmitoleic acid (PA). Exercise over a 2-week period increased endothelial SCD1 in the ER. Exercise further modulated the time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS or τ ave) and oscillatory shear index (OSI ave ), upregulated Scd1 and attenuated VCAM1 expression in the disturbed flow-prone aortic arch in Ldlr -/- mice on high-fat diet but not in Ldlr -/- Scd1 EC-/- mice. Scd1 overexpression via recombinant adenovirus also mitigated ER stress. Single cell transcriptomic analysis of the mouse aorta revealed interconnection of Scd1 with mechanosensitive genes, namely Irs2 , Acox1 and Adipor2 that modulate lipid metabolism pathways. Taken together, exercise modulates PSS ( τ ave and OSI ave ) to activate SCD1 as a metabolomic transducer to ameliorate inflammation in the disturbed flow-prone vasculature.
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Gusev E, Sarapultsev A. Atherosclerosis and Inflammation: Insights from the Theory of General Pathological Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097910. [PMID: 37175617 PMCID: PMC10178362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances have greatly improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind atherosclerosis pathogenesis. However, there is still a need to systematize this data from a general pathology perspective, particularly with regard to atherogenesis patterns in the context of both canonical and non-classical inflammation types. In this review, we analyze various typical phenomena and outcomes of cellular pro-inflammatory stress in atherosclerosis, as well as the role of endothelial dysfunction in local and systemic manifestations of low-grade inflammation. We also present the features of immune mechanisms in the development of productive inflammation in stable and unstable plaques, along with their similarities and differences compared to canonical inflammation. There are numerous factors that act as inducers of the inflammatory process in atherosclerosis, including vascular endothelium aging, metabolic dysfunctions, autoimmune, and in some cases, infectious damage factors. Life-critical complications of atherosclerosis, such as cardiogenic shock and severe strokes, are associated with the development of acute systemic hyperinflammation. Additionally, critical atherosclerotic ischemia of the lower extremities induces paracoagulation and the development of chronic systemic inflammation. Conversely, sepsis, other critical conditions, and severe systemic chronic diseases contribute to atherogenesis. In summary, atherosclerosis can be characterized as an independent form of inflammation, sharing similarities but also having fundamental differences from low-grade inflammation and various variants of canonical inflammation (classic vasculitis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Gusev
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Alexey Sarapultsev
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
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Kotlyarov S. Effects of Atherogenic Factors on Endothelial Cells: Bioinformatics Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes and Signaling Pathways. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041216. [PMID: 37189834 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Atherosclerosis is a serious medical condition associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. It develops over many years as a complex chain of events in the vascular wall involving various cells and is influenced by many factors of clinical interest. (2) Methods: In this study, we performed a bioinformatic analysis of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets to investigate the gene ontology of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in endothelial cells exposed to atherogenic factors such as tobacco smoking, oscillatory shear, and oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL). DEGs were identified using the limma R package, and gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis were performed. (3) Results: We studied biological processes and signaling pathways involving DEGs in endothelial cells under the influence of atherogenic factors. GO enrichment analysis demonstrated that the DEGs were mainly involved in cytokine-mediated signaling pathway, innate immune response, lipid biosynthetic process, 5-lipoxygenase activity, and nitric-oxide synthase activity. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that common pathways included tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, lipid and atherosclerosis, lipoprotein particle binding, and apoptosis. (4) Conclusions: Atherogenic factors such as smoking, impaired flow, and oxLDL contribute to impaired innate immune response, metabolism, and apoptosis in endothelial cells, potentially leading to the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
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Piekarska K, Bonowicz K, Grzanka A, Jaworski ŁM, Reiter RJ, Slominski AT, Steinbrink K, Kleszczyński K, Gagat M. Melatonin and TGF-β-Mediated Release of Extracellular Vesicles. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040575. [PMID: 37110233 PMCID: PMC10142249 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system, unlike other systems, must be flexible and able to "adapt" to fully cope with lurking dangers. The transition from intracorporeal balance to homeostasis disruption is associated with activation of inflammatory signaling pathways, which causes modulation of the immunology response. Chemotactic cytokines, signaling molecules, and extracellular vesicles act as critical mediators of inflammation and participate in intercellular communication, conditioning the immune system's proper response. Among the well-known cytokines allowing for the development and proper functioning of the immune system by mediating cell survival and cell-death-inducing signaling, the tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) are noteworthy. The high bloodstream concentration of those pleiotropic cytokines can be characterized by anti- and pro-inflammatory activity, considering the powerful anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress capabilities of TGF-β known from the literature. Together with the chemokines, the immune system response is also influenced by biologically active chemicals, such as melatonin. The enhanced cellular communication shows the relationship between the TGF-β signaling pathway and the extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted under the influence of melatonin. This review outlines the findings on melatonin activity on TGF-β-dependent inflammatory response regulation in cell-to-cell communication leading to secretion of the different EV populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Piekarska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Klaudia Bonowicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Alina Grzanka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Łukasz M Jaworski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Kerstin Steinbrink
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Konrad Kleszczyński
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Maciej Gagat
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Zhang Y, Sun L, Wang X, Zhou Q. Integrative analysis of HASMCs gene expression profile revealed the role of thrombin in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:191. [PMID: 37046189 PMCID: PMC10091598 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03211-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We explored the effect of thrombin on human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) and further analyzed its role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS). Thrombin-induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in HASMCs were identified by analyzing expression profiles from the GEO. Subsequently, enrichment analysis, GSEA, PPI network, and gene-microRNAs networks were interrogated to identify hub genes and associated pathways. Enrichment analysis results indicated that thrombin causes HASMCs to secrete various pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, exacerbating local inflammatory response in AS. Moreover, we identified 9 HUB genes in the PPI network, which are closely related to the inflammatory response and the promotion of the cell cycle. Additionally, we found that thrombin inhibits lipid metabolism and autophagy of HASMCs, potentially contributing to smooth muscle-derived foam cell formation. Our study deepens a mechanistic understanding of the effect of thrombin on HASMCs and provides new insight into treating AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Zhang
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xingsheng Wang
- Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qingbo Zhou
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
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Xue C, Zhang X, Ge H, Tang Q, Jeon J, Zhao F, Wang Y, Zhu MX, Cao Z. Total flavone of flowers of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic inhibits the expression of adhesion molecules in primary mesenteric arterial endothelial cells and ameliorates dextran sodium sulphate-induced ulcerative colitis in mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 112:154713. [PMID: 36857970 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flowers of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) medic (AM) is a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat chronic nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, diabetic nephropathy, and colonic inflammation. PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the influence of the total flavone of AM flowers (TFA) on acute ulcerative colitis (UC) and the potential underlying mechanism. METHODS Efficacy of TFA (30, 60, 120 mg/kg) on UC was evaluated in a dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colonic inflammatory mouse model by analyzing disease activity index (DAI), histopathological score, colon length, and cytokine expression. Expression levels of critical adhesion molecules and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were examined by qRT-PCR, Western blotting, or immunofluorescence labeling. Myeloperoxidase activity was examined using ELISA. In vitro THP-1 adhesion assay was used to evaluate monocyte adhesion. RESULTS TFA significantly reduced DAI score, prevented colon shortening, and ameliorated histological injuries of colons in DSS-treated mice. TFA inhibited the expression of cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) and adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and MAdCAM-1) in colon tissues of DSS mice. In vitro studies on mesenteric arterial endothelial cells (MAECs) showed that TFA attenuated TNF-α-induced upregulation of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and MAdCAM-1, as well as THP-1 cell adhesion to MAECs. TFA also suppressed the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB in MAECs. CONCLUSION TFA efficaciously ameliorates UC possibly by inhibiting monocyte adhesion through blocking TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation, which in turn suppresses the upregulation of adhesive molecules in colon endothelial cells. Inhibiting the expression of adhesion molecule in MAECs may represent a useful strategy for therapeutic development to treat UC, with TFA being a safe and efficacious therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Haitao Ge
- Research Institute of Huanghui, Jiangsu Suzhong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinglian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Jaepyo Jeon
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Yujing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Michael X Zhu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Zhengyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China.
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Cicmil S, Cicmil A, Pavlic V, Krunić J, Sladoje Puhalo D, Bokonjić D, Čolić M. Periodontal Disease in Young Adults as a Risk Factor for Subclinical Atherosclerosis: A Clinical, Biochemical and Immunological Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062197. [PMID: 36983201 PMCID: PMC10051366 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Although a strong relationship between periodontal disease (PD) and atherosclerosis was shown in adults, little data are published in younger PD patients. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate and correlate clinical parameters of PD, pro- and immunoregulatory cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum, biochemical and hematological parameters associated with atherosclerosis risk, and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in our younger study participants (n = 78) (mean age 35.92 ± 3.36 years) who were divided into two equal groups: subjects with and without PD. PD patients had higher values of IMT, hs-CRP, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL; most proinflammatory and Th1/Th17-associated cytokines in GCF; and IL-8, IL-12, IL-18, and IL-17A in serum compared to subjects without PD. These cytokines in GCF positively correlated with most clinical periodontal parameters. Clinical periodontal parameters, TNF-α and IL-8 in GCF and IL-17A, hs-CRP, and LDL in serum, had more significant predictive roles in developing subclinical atherosclerosis (IMT ≥ 0.75 mm) in comparison with other cytokines, fibrinogen, and other lipid status parameters. Hs-CRP correlated better with the proinflammatory cytokines than the parameters of lipid status. Except for serum IL-17A, there was no significant association of clinical and immunological PD parameters with lipid status. Overall, these results suggest that dyslipidemia and PD status seem to be independent risk factors for subclinical atherosclerosis in our younger PD population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smiljka Cicmil
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine Foca, University of East Sarajevo, 73300 Foca, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Correspondence:
| | - Ana Cicmil
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine Foca, University of East Sarajevo, 73300 Foca, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Verica Pavlic
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, The Republic of Srpska, Institute of Dentistry, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Jelena Krunić
- Department of Dental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Foca, University of East Sarajevo, 73300 Foca, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Dragana Sladoje Puhalo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Foca, University of East Sarajevo, 73300 Foca, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Dejan Bokonjić
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Foca, University of East Sarajevo, 73300 Foca, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Miodrag Čolić
- Center for Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Foca, University of East Sarajevo, 73300 Foca, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Recent Emerging Immunological Treatments for Primary Brain Tumors: Focus on Chemokine-Targeting Immunotherapies. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060841. [PMID: 36980182 PMCID: PMC10046911 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary brain tumors are a leading cause of death worldwide and are characterized by extraordinary heterogeneity and high invasiveness. Current drug and radiotherapy therapies combined with surgical approaches tend to increase the five-year survival of affected patients, however, the overall mortality rate remains high, thus constituting a clinical challenge for which the discovery of new therapeutic strategies is needed. In this field, novel immunotherapy approaches, aimed at overcoming the complex immunosuppressive microenvironment, could represent a new method of treatment for central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Chemokines especially are a well-defined group of proteins that were so named due to their chemotactic properties of binding their receptors. Chemokines regulate the recruitment and/or tissue retention of immune cells as well as the mobilization of tumor cells that have undergone epithelial–mesenchymal transition, promoting tumor growth. On this basis, this review focuses on the function and involvement of chemokines and their receptors in primary brain tumors, specifically examining chemokine-targeting immunotherapies as one of the most promising strategies in neuro-oncology.
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Alluri SR, Higashi Y, Berendzen A, Grisanti LA, Watkinson LD, Singh K, Hoffman TJ, Carmack T, Devanny EA, Tanner M, Kil KE. Synthesis and preclinical evaluation of a novel fluorine-18 labeled small-molecule PET radiotracer for imaging of CXCR3 receptor in mouse models of atherosclerosis. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2539952. [PMID: 36865232 PMCID: PMC9980197 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2539952/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Background: CXCR3 is a chemokine receptor and is expressed on innate and adaptive immune cells. It promotes the recruitment of T-lymphocytes and other immune cells to the inflammatory site in response to the binding of cognate chemokines. Upregulation of CXCR3 and its chemokines has been found during atherosclerotic lesion formation. Therefore, the detection of CXCR3 by positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer may be a useful tool to detect atherosclerosis development noninvasively. Herein, we report the synthesis, radiosynthesis, and characterization of a novel fluorine-18 (F-18, 18 F) labeled small-molecule radiotracer for the imaging of the CXCR3 receptor in mouse models of atherosclerosis. Methods: The reference standard ( S )-2-(5-chloro-6-(4-(1-(4-chloro-2-fluorobenzyl)piperidin-4-yl)-3-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole ( 1 ) and its corresponding precursor 9 were synthesized using organic syntheses. The radiotracer [ 18 F] 1 was prepared in one-pot, two-step synthesis via aromatic 18 F-substitution followed by reductive amination. Cell binding assays were conducted using 1 , [ 125 I]CXCL10, and CXCR3A- and CXCR3B-transfected human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. Dynamic PET imaging studies over 90 min were performed on C57BL/6 and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) knockout (KO) mice that were subjected to a normal and high-fat diet for 12 weeks, respectively. Blocking studies were conducted with preadministration of the hydrochloride salt of 1 (5 mg/kg) to assess the binding specificity. Time-activity curves (TACs) for [ 18 F] 1 in both mice were used to extract standard uptake values (SUVs). Biodistribution studies were performed on C57BL/6 mice, and the distribution of CXCR3 in the abdominal aorta of ApoE KO mice was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: The reference standard 1 and its precursor 9 were synthesized over 5 steps from starting materials in good to moderate yields. The measured K i values of CXCR3A and CXCR3B were 0.81 ± 0.02 nM and 0.31 ± 0.02 nM, respectively. [ 18 F] 1 was prepared with decay-corrected radiochemical yield (RCY) of 13 ± 2%, radiochemical purity (RCP) >99%, and specific activity of 44.4 ± 3.7 GBq/µmol at the end of synthesis (EOS) ( n =6). The baseline studies showed that [ 18 F] 1 displayed high uptake in the atherosclerotic aorta and brown adipose tissue (BAT) in ApoE KO mice. The uptake of [ 18 F] 1 in these regions was reduced significantly in self-blocking studies, demonstrating CXCR3 binding specificity. Contrary to this, no significant differences in uptake of [ 18 F] 1 in the abdominal aorta of C57BL/6 mice were observed in both baseline and blocking studies, indicating increased CXCR3 expression in atherosclerotic lesions. IHC studies demonstrated that [ 18 F] 1 -positive regions were correlated with CXCR3 expression, but some atherosclerotic plaques with significant size were not detected by [ 18 F] 1 , and their CXCR3 expressions were minimal. Conclusion: The novel radiotracer, [ 18 F] 1 was synthesized with good RCY and high RCP. In PET imaging studies, [ 18 F] 1 displayed CXCR3-specific uptake in the atherosclerotic aorta in ApoE KO mice. [ 18 F] 1 visualized CXCR3 expression in different regions in mice is in line with the tissue histology studies. Taken together, [ 18 F] 1 is a potential PET radiotracer for the imaging of CXCR3 in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Terry Carmack
- Truman VA: Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital
| | | | - Miles Tanner
- University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine
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Tian Y, Ullah H, Gu J, Li K. Immune-metabolic mechanisms of post-traumatic stress disorder and atherosclerosis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1123692. [PMID: 36846337 PMCID: PMC9944953 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1123692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and atherosclerosis (AS) increase the risk of mortality. Metabolism and immunity play important roles in the comorbidity associated with PTSD and AS. The adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathways are attractive research topics in the fields of metabolism, immunity, and autophagy. They may be effective intervention targets in the prevention and treatment of PTSD comorbidity with AS. Herein, we comprehensively review metabolic factors, including glutamate and lipid alterations, in PTSD comorbidity with AS and discuss the possible implications in the pathophysiology of the diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Tian
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanif Ullah
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ka Li
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Ka Li,
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Zhi W, Liu Y, Wang X, Zhang H. Recent advances of traditional Chinese medicine for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115749. [PMID: 36181983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Atherosclerosis (AS) is a common systemic disease with increasing morbidity and mortality worldwide. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with characteristics of multiple pathways and targets, presents advantages in the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis. AIM OF THE STUDY With the modernization of TCM, the active ingredients and molecular mechanisms of TCM for AS treatment have been gradually revealed. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the existing studies on TCM therapies aimed at regulating AS over the past two decades. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using "atherosclerosis" and "Traditional Chinese medicine" as keywords, all relevant TCM literature published in the last 10 years was collected from electronic databases (such as Elsevier, Springer, PubMed, CNKI, and Web of Science), books and papers until March 2022, and the critical information was statistically analyzed. RESULTS In this review, we highlighted extracts of 8 single herbs, a total of 41 single active ingredients, 20 TCM formulae, and 25 patented drugs, which were described with chemical structure, source, model, efficacy and potential mechanism. CONCLUSION We summarized the cytopathological basis for the development of atherosclerosis involving vascular endothelial cells, macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells, and categorically elaborated the medicinal TCM used for AS, all of which provide the current evidence on the better management of atherosclerosis by TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbing Zhi
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Xi'an, 710003, PR China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Xi'an, 710003, PR China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Xi'an, 710003, PR China.
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Hydroxytyrosol Reduces Foam Cell Formation and Endothelial Inflammation Regulating the PPARγ/LXRα/ABCA1 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032057. [PMID: 36768382 PMCID: PMC9916557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol accumulation in macrophages leads to the formation of foam cells and increases the risk of developing atherosclerosis. We have verified whether hydroxytyrosol (HT), a phenolic compound with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, can reduce the cholesterol build up in THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells. We have also investigated the potential mechanisms. Oil Red O staining and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assays were utilized to detect cellular lipid accumulation and cholesterol content, respectively, in THP-1 macrophages foam cells treated with HT. The impact of HT on cholesterol metabolism-related molecules (SR-A1, CD36, LOX-1, ABCA1, ABCG1, PPARγ and LRX-α) in foam cells was assessed using real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot analyses. Finally, the effect of HT on the adhesion of THP-1 monocytes to human vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) was analyzed to study endothelial activation. We found that HT activates the PPARγ/LXRα pathway to upregulate ABCA1 expression, reducing cholesterol accumulation in foam cells. Moreover, HT significantly inhibited monocyte adhesion and reduced the levels of adhesion factors (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) and pro-inflammatory factors (IL-6 and TNF-α) in LPS-induced endothelial cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that HT, with its ability to interfere with the import and export of cholesterol, could represent a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of atherosclerotic disease.
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Wasiak S, Tsujikawa LM, Daze E, Gilham D, Stotz SC, Rakai BD, Sarsons CD, Fu L, Azhar S, Jahagirdar R, Sweeney M, Johansson JO, Wong NCW, Kulikowski E. Epigenetic BET reader inhibitor apabetalone (RVX-208) counters proinflammatory aortic gene expression in a diet induced obesity mouse model and in human endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis 2023; 364:10-19. [PMID: 36455344 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Obese patients are at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). A lipid-rich diet promotes arterial changes by inducing hypertension, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins contribute to endothelial and immune cell activation in vitro and in atherosclerosis mouse models. We aim to determine if BET inhibition can reduce lipid-rich diet-induced vascular inflammation in mice. METHODS Body weight, serum glucose and lipid levels were measured in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or low-fat diet (LFD) for 6 weeks and at study termination. BET inhibitors apabetalone and JQ1 were co-administered with the HFD for additional 16 weeks. Aortic gene expression was analyzed post necropsy by PCR, Nanostring nCounter® Inflammation Panel and bioinformatics pathway analysis. Transcription changes and BRD4 chromatin occupancy were analyzed in primary human endothelial cells in response to TNFα and apabetalone. RESULTS HFD induced weight gain, visceral obesity, high fasting blood glucose, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance compared to LFD controls. HFD upregulated the aortic expression of 47 genes involved in inflammation, innate immunity, cytoskeleton and complement pathways. Apabetalone and JQ1 treatment reduced HFD-induced aortic expression of proinflammatory genes. Congruently, bioinformatics predicted enhanced signaling by TNFα in the HFD versus LFD aorta, which was countered by BETi treatment. TNFα-stimulated human endothelial cells had increased expression of HFD-sensitive genes and higher BRD4 chromatin occupancy, which was countered by apabetalone treatment. CONCLUSIONS HFD induces vascular inflammation in mice through TNFα signaling. Apabetalone treatment reduces this proinflammatory phenotype, providing mechanistic insight into how BET inhibitors may reduce CVD risk in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Wasiak
- Resverlogix Corp., 300-4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB, T3E 6L1, Canada
| | - Laura M Tsujikawa
- Resverlogix Corp., 300-4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB, T3E 6L1, Canada
| | - Emily Daze
- Resverlogix Corp., 300-4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB, T3E 6L1, Canada
| | - Dean Gilham
- Resverlogix Corp., 300-4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB, T3E 6L1, Canada
| | - Stephanie C Stotz
- Resverlogix Corp., 300-4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB, T3E 6L1, Canada
| | - Brooke D Rakai
- Resverlogix Corp., 300-4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB, T3E 6L1, Canada
| | - Chris D Sarsons
- Resverlogix Corp., 300-4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB, T3E 6L1, Canada
| | - Li Fu
- Resverlogix Corp., 300-4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB, T3E 6L1, Canada
| | - Salman Azhar
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Ravi Jahagirdar
- Resverlogix Corp., 300-4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB, T3E 6L1, Canada
| | - Michael Sweeney
- Resverlogix Inc., 535 Mission St, 14th Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94105
| | - Jan O Johansson
- Resverlogix Inc., 535 Mission St, 14th Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94105
| | - Norman C W Wong
- Resverlogix Corp., 300-4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB, T3E 6L1, Canada
| | - Ewelina Kulikowski
- Resverlogix Corp., 300-4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB, T3E 6L1, Canada.
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