1
|
Yang X, Tian S, Min Z, Garbarino E, Ma J, Jia J, Tang H, Li L. AMPK restricts HHV-6A replication by inhibiting glycolysis and mTOR signaling. Virology 2024; 595:110080. [PMID: 38631099 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a cellular energy sensor regulating metabolic homeostasis. In this study, we investigated the role of AMPK in response to human herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A) infection. We show that HHV-6A infection significantly downregulates the active phosphorylated state of AMPK in infected T cells. Pharmacological activation of AMPK highly attenuated HHV-6A propagation. Mechanistically, we found that the activation of AMPK by AICAR blocked HHV-6-induced glycolysis by inhibiting glucose metabolism and lactate secretion, as well as decreasing expressions of key glucose transporters and glycolytic enzymes. In addition, mTOR signaling has been inactivated in HHV-6A infected T cells by AICAR treatment. We also showed that HHV-6A infection of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) reduced AMPK activity whereas the activation of AMPK by metformin drastically reduced HHV-6A DNA replication and virions production. Taken together, this study demonstrates that AMPK is a promising antiviral therapeutic target against HHV-6A infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Siyu Tian
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Zhujiang Min
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Emanuela Garbarino
- Department of Immunology, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jingjing Ma
- Department of Immunology, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Junli Jia
- Department of Immunology, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Huamin Tang
- Department of Immunology, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; The Laboratory Center for Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Lingyun Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Seegobin M, Logan SR, Emery RJN, Brunetti CR. Cytokinins Reduce Viral Replication and Alter Plaque Morphology of Frog Virus 3 In Vitro. Viruses 2024; 16:826. [PMID: 38932119 PMCID: PMC11209418 DOI: 10.3390/v16060826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytokinins (CKs) are a group of N6-substituted signaling molecules whose biosynthesis and metabolism have been documented in all kingdoms of life, including vertebrates. While their biological relevance in vertebrate systems continues to be elucidated, they have broadly been documented with therapeutic effects in exogenous applications. In this study, we evaluated the virostatic potential of four types of CKs including, N6-isopentenyladenine (iP), N6-isopentenyladenosine (iPR), N6-isopentenyladenosine-5'monophosphate (iPMP), and 2-methylthiol-N6-isopentenyladenosine (2MeSiPR) against the ranavirus type species, frog virus 3 (FV3). Following concurrent treatment and infection, iP and iPR reduced viral replication by 33.8% and 59.6%, respectively, in plaque formation assays. A decrease in viral replication was also observed when CK exposure was limited to 12 h prior to infection, where iP and iPR reduced viral replication by 31% and 23.75%, respectively. Treatment with iP and iPR was also marked by 48% and 60% decreases in viral load over 72 h, respectively, as measured in single step growth curves. Plaque morphology was altered in vitro, as iP and iPR treatment increased plaque area by 83% and 112% with lytic zone formation also becoming more prevalent in corresponding treatments. Treatment with iPMP and 2MeSiPR resulted in no effect on viral kinetics in vitro. The results of this study are the first to provide evidence of CK antiviral activity against a DNA virus and highlight the importance of their structure for therapeutic investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Craig R. Brunetti
- Department of Biology, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9J 0G2, Canada; (M.S.); (S.R.L.); (R.J.N.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Brady DK, Gurijala AR, Huang L, Hussain AA, Lingan AL, Pembridge OG, Ratangee BA, Sealy TT, Vallone KT, Clements TP. A guide to COVID-19 antiviral therapeutics: a summary and perspective of the antiviral weapons against SARS-CoV-2 infection. FEBS J 2024; 291:1632-1662. [PMID: 36266238 PMCID: PMC9874604 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Antiviral therapies are integral in the fight against SARS-CoV-2 (i.e. severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), the causative agent of COVID-19. Antiviral therapeutics can be divided into categories based on how they combat the virus, including viral entry into the host cell, viral replication, protein trafficking, post-translational processing, and immune response regulation. Drugs that target how the virus enters the cell include: Evusheld, REGEN-COV, bamlanivimab and etesevimab, bebtelovimab, sotrovimab, Arbidol, nitazoxanide, and chloroquine. Drugs that prevent the virus from replicating include: Paxlovid, remdesivir, molnupiravir, favipiravir, ribavirin, and Kaletra. Drugs that interfere with protein trafficking and post-translational processing include nitazoxanide and ivermectin. Lastly, drugs that target immune response regulation include interferons and the use of anti-inflammatory drugs such as dexamethasone. Antiviral therapies offer an alternative solution for those unable or unwilling to be vaccinated and are a vital weapon in the battle against the global pandemic. Learning more about these therapies helps raise awareness in the general population about the options available to them with respect to aiding in the reduction of the severity of COVID-19 infection. In this 'A Guide To' article, we provide an in-depth insight into the development of antiviral therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 and their ability to help fight COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Drugan K. Brady
- Department of Biological SciencesVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Aashi R. Gurijala
- Department of Biological SciencesVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Liyu Huang
- Department of Biological SciencesVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Ali A. Hussain
- Department of Biological SciencesVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Audrey L. Lingan
- Department of Biological SciencesVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
| | | | - Brina A. Ratangee
- Department of Biological SciencesVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Tristan T. Sealy
- Department of Biological SciencesVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Kyle T. Vallone
- Department of Biological SciencesVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chattopadhyay P, Mehta P, Soni J, Tardalkar K, Joshi M, Pandey R. Cell-specific housekeeping role of lncRNAs in COVID-19-infected and recovered patients. NAR Genom Bioinform 2024; 6:lqae023. [PMID: 38426128 PMCID: PMC10903533 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqae023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
A plethora of studies have demonstrated the roles of lncRNAs in modulating disease severity and outcomes during infection. However, the spatio-temporal expression of these lncRNAs is poorly understood. In this study, we used single-cell RNA-seq to understand the spatio-temporal expression dynamics of lncRNAs across healthy, SARS-CoV-2-infected, and recovered individuals and their functional role in modulating the disease and recovery. We identified 203 differentially expressed lncRNAs, including cell type-specific ones like MALAT1, NEAT1, ZFAS1, SNHG7, SNHG8, and SNHG25 modulating immune function in classical monocyte, NK T, proliferating NK, plasmablast, naive, and activated B/T cells. Interestingly, we found invariant lncRNAs (no significant change in expression across conditions) regulating essential housekeeping functions (for example, HOTAIR, NRAV, SNHG27, SNHG28, and UCA1) in infected and recovered individuals. Despite similar repeat element abundance, variant lncRNAs displayed higher Alu content, suggesting increased interactions with proximal and distal genes, crucial for immune response modulation. The comparable repeat abundance but distinct expression levels of variant and invariant lncRNAs highlight the significance of investigating the regulatory mechanisms of invariant lncRNAs. Overall, this study offers new insights into the spatio-temporal expression patterns and functional roles of lncRNAs in SARS-CoV-2-infected and recovered individuals while highlighting the importance of invariant lncRNAs in the disease context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Partha Chattopadhyay
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mall Road, Delhi-110007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Priyanka Mehta
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mall Road, Delhi-110007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Jyoti Soni
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mall Road, Delhi-110007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Kishore Tardalkar
- Department of Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, D.Y. Patil Education Society, Kadamwadi, Kolhapur-416003,Maharashtra, India
| | - Meghnad Joshi
- Department of Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, D.Y. Patil Education Society, Kadamwadi, Kolhapur-416003,Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajesh Pandey
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mall Road, Delhi-110007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rochowski MT, Jayathilake K, Balcerak JM, Selvan MT, Gunasekara S, Miller C, Rudd JM, Lacombe VA. Impact of Delta SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Glucose Metabolism: Insights on Host Metabolism and Virus Crosstalk in a Feline Model. Viruses 2024; 16:295. [PMID: 38400070 PMCID: PMC10893195 DOI: 10.3390/v16020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes enhanced mortality in people with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Other highly infectious RNA viruses have demonstrated dependence on glucose transport and utilization, so we hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 infection could lead to alterations in cellular and whole-body glucose metabolism. Twenty-four healthy domestic cats were intratracheally inoculated with B.1.617.2 (delta) SARS-CoV-2 and samples were collected at 4- and 12-days post-inoculation (dpi). Blood glucose and circulating cortisol concentrations were elevated at 4 and 12 dpi. Serum insulin concentration was statistically significantly decreased, while angiotensin 2 concentration was elevated at 12 dpi. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in the pancreas and skeletal muscle at low levels; however, no change in the number of insulin-producing cells or proinflammatory cytokines was observed in the pancreas of infected cats through 12 dpi. SARS-CoV-2 infection statistically significantly increased GLUT protein expression in both the heart and lungs, correlating with increased AMPK expression. In brief, SARS-CoV-2 increased blood glucose concentration and cardio-pulmonary GLUT expression through an AMPK-dependent mechanism, without affecting the pancreas, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 induces the reprogramming of host glucose metabolism. A better understanding of host cell metabolism and virus crosstalk could lead to the discovery of novel metabolic therapeutic targets for patients affected by COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Rochowski
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (M.T.R.)
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Kaushalya Jayathilake
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (M.T.R.)
| | - John-Michael Balcerak
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (M.T.R.)
| | - Miruthula Tamil Selvan
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (M.T.S.); (S.G.); (C.M.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Sachithra Gunasekara
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (M.T.S.); (S.G.); (C.M.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Craig Miller
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (M.T.S.); (S.G.); (C.M.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Jennifer M. Rudd
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (M.T.S.); (S.G.); (C.M.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Véronique A. Lacombe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (M.T.R.)
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ohkubo K, Shibutani S, Iwata H. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) suppresses Ibaraki virus propagation. Virology 2024; 590:109943. [PMID: 38103268 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The Ibaraki virus (IBAV) causes Ibaraki disease in cattle. Our previous studies have shown that IBAV uses macropinocytosis to enter the host cell and exit from the endosome to the cytosol in response to endosomal acidification. To further explore the mechanism of IBAV infection and replication, we examined the effect of inhibitors of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP) and antimycin A, on IBAV propagation. These inhibitors significantly suppressed IBAV propagation, with reduced cellular ATP levels resulting from suppression of ATP synthesis. Furthermore, we identified AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is activated by CCCP or antimycin A, as a key signaling molecule in IBAV suppression. We also observed that IBAV infection induces ATP depletion and increases AMPK activity. Our findings suggest that AMPK is a potential target in Ibaraki disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiichi Ohkubo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Shusaku Shibutani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Iwata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Stamatiou R, Vasilaki A, Tzini D, Deskata K, Zacharouli K, Ioannou M, Sgantzos M, Zakynthinos E, Makris D. Colistin Effects on Emphysematous Lung in an LPS-Sepsis Model. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1731. [PMID: 38136765 PMCID: PMC10740909 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Emphysema is prevalent in various respiratory diseases like Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and cystic fibrosis. Colistin and vasoconstrictive drugs are crucial for treating these patients when diagnosed with sepsis in the ICU. This study examines colistin impact in ether-induced emphysematous septic and non-septic animals, focusing on lung pathophysiology and inflammatory responses, including IL-1β, TNF-α, AMPK, caspase-3, cyclin-D1, and colistin levels in lung tissue. All animals exhibited significant emphysematous changes, accentuated by LPS-induced septic conditions, validating the emphysema model and highlighting the exacerbating effect of sepsis on lung pathology. Colistin, alone or with vasoconstrictive drugs, stimulated immune responses through increased inflammatory cell infiltration and the presence of lymphocytes, indicating potential immunomodulatory effects. Vasoconstriction did not alter the effects of colistin or sepsis but correlated with increased colistin levels in the lungs of septic animals. These observations suggest a potential interplay between vasoconstrictive drugs and colistin distribution/metabolism, leading to enhanced local concentrations of colistin in the lung microenvironment. The findings suggest the need for further investigations to optimize colistin and vasoconstrictive drug delivery in critically ill patients with lung pathologies. Understanding these complexities may guide more effective management of inflammatory responses and lung pathologies in these critical conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodopi Stamatiou
- Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Anna Vasilaki
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (A.V.)
| | - Dimitra Tzini
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (A.V.)
| | - Konstantina Deskata
- Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41500 Larissa, Greece (E.Z.); (D.M.)
| | - Konstantina Zacharouli
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41500 Larissa, Greece (M.I.)
| | - Maria Ioannou
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41500 Larissa, Greece (M.I.)
| | - Markos Sgantzos
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41500 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Epaminondas Zakynthinos
- Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41500 Larissa, Greece (E.Z.); (D.M.)
| | - Demosthenes Makris
- Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41500 Larissa, Greece (E.Z.); (D.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Michon M, Müller-Schiffmann A, Lingappa AF, Yu SF, Du L, Deiter F, Broce S, Mallesh S, Crabtree J, Lingappa UF, Macieik A, Müller L, Ostermann PN, Andrée M, Adams O, Schaal H, Hogan RJ, Tripp RA, Appaiah U, Anand SK, Campi TW, Ford MJ, Reed JC, Lin J, Akintunde O, Copeland K, Nichols C, Petrouski E, Moreira AR, Jiang IT, DeYarman N, Brown I, Lau S, Segal I, Goldsmith D, Hong S, Asundi V, Briggs EM, Phyo NS, Froehlich M, Onisko B, Matlack K, Dey D, Lingappa JR, Prasad MD, Kitaygorodskyy A, Solas D, Boushey H, Greenland J, Pillai S, Lo MK, Montgomery JM, Spiropoulou CF, Korth C, Selvarajah S, Paulvannan K, Lingappa VR. A Pan-Respiratory Antiviral Chemotype Targeting a Host Multi-Protein Complex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2021.01.17.426875. [PMID: 34931190 PMCID: PMC8687465 DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.17.426875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel small molecule antiviral chemotype that was identified by an unconventional cell-free protein synthesis and assembly-based phenotypic screen for modulation of viral capsid assembly. Activity of PAV-431, a representative compound from the series, has been validated against infectious virus in multiple cell culture models for all six families of viruses causing most respiratory disease in humans. In animals this chemotype has been demonstrated efficacious for Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (a coronavirus) and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (a paramyxovirus). PAV-431 is shown to bind to the protein 14-3-3, a known allosteric modulator. However, it only appears to target the small subset of 14-3-3 which is present in a dynamic multi-protein complex whose components include proteins implicated in viral lifecycles and in innate immunity. The composition of this target multi-protein complex appears to be modified upon viral infection and largely restored by PAV-431 treatment. Our findings suggest a new paradigm for understanding, and drugging, the host-virus interface, which leads to a new clinical therapeutic strategy for treatment of respiratory viral disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maya Michon
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Li Du
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fred Deiter
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sean Broce
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Jackelyn Crabtree
- University of Georgia, Animal Health Research Center, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Lisa Müller
- Institute of Virology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Marcel Andrée
- Institute of Virology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ortwin Adams
- Institute of Virology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Heiner Schaal
- Institute of Virology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Robert J. Hogan
- University of Georgia, Animal Health Research Center, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ralph A. Tripp
- University of Georgia, Animal Health Research Center, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jonathan C. Reed
- Dept. of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jim Lin
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ian Brown
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sharon Lau
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ilana Segal
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Shi Hong
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John Greenland
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Satish Pillai
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael K. Lo
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joel M. Montgomery
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Carsten Korth
- Institute of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | - Vishwanath R. Lingappa
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Assar S, Dastbaz M, Amini K, Roghani SA, Lotfi R, Taghadosi M, Kafi H, Abdan Z, Allahyari H, Rostampour R, Shahrokhvand SZ. Assessing the gene expression of the adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its relation with the IL-6 and IL-10 plasma levels in COVID-19 patients. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:9925-9933. [PMID: 37874507 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08835-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic dysregulation and excessive inflammation are implicated in the pathogenesis of the highly infectious disease of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by a newly emerging coronavirus (i.e., severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2; SARS-CoV-2). The adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensor regulating the metabolic pathways in diverse cells, exerts a regulatory role in the immune system. This study aims to examine the mRNA expression level of AMPK and the plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10 cytokines in patients with different grades of COVID-19. METHODS Peripheral blood was collected from 60 patients with COVID-19 (Moderate, severe, and critical). The plasma levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the mRNA expression level of AMPK was determined using real-time PCR. RESULTS The results showed that the plasma levels of IL-6 increased significantly in critical and severe patients compared to moderate cases of COVID-19 (P < 0.001). Moreover, IL-10 plasma concentrations were significantly higher in critical and severe cases than in moderate cases of COVID-19 (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). Also, the gene expression of AMPK was meaningfully enhanced in critical patients relative to moderate and severe cases of COVID-19, in order (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively). There was a positive association between AMPK gene expression and plasma levels of IL-6 and IL-10 (P = 0.006, r = 0.348, P = 0.028, r = 0.283, respectively). CONCLUSION Increasing AMPK gene expression is likely a necessary effort of the immune system to inhibit inflammation in critical COVID-19. However, this effort seems to be inadequate, probably due to factors that induce inflammation, like erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and IL-6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Assar
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Dastbaz
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Komail Amini
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyed Askar Roghani
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Ramin Lotfi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Tohid Hospital, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
- Lung Diseases and Allergy Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, 6617713446, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Taghadosi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Kafi
- Medical Department, Orchid Pharmed Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Abdan
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hosna Allahyari
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Rezvan Rostampour
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Zahra Shahrokhvand
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lu Z, Wang H, Ishfaq M, Han Y, Zhang X, Li X, Wang B, Lu X, Gao B. Quercetin and AMPK: A Dynamic Duo in Alleviating MG-Induced Inflammation via the AMPK/SIRT1/NF-κB Pathway. Molecules 2023; 28:7388. [PMID: 37959807 PMCID: PMC10650132 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is recognized as a principal causative agent of avian chronic respiratory disease, inflicting substantial economic losses upon the poultry industry. However, the extensive use of conventional antibiotics has resulted in the emergence of drug resistance and various challenges in their clinical application. Consequently, there is an urgent need to identify effective therapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of mycoplasma-induced respiratory disease in avian species. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) holds significant importance as a regulator of cellular energy metabolism and possesses the capacity to exert an anti-inflammatory effect by virtue of its downstream protein, SIRT1. This pathway has shown promise in counteracting the inflammatory responses triggered by pathogenic infections, thus providing a novel target for studying infectious inflammation. Quercetin possesses anti-inflammatory activity and has garnered attention as a potential alternative to antibiotics. However, there exists a gap in knowledge concerning the impact of this activation on MG-induced inflammatory damage. To address this knowledge gap, we employed AlphaFold2 prediction, molecular docking, and kinetic simulation methods to perform a systematic analysis. As expected, we found that both quercetin and the AMPK activator AICAR activate the chicken AMPKγ1 subunit in a similar manner, which was further validated at the cellular level. Our project aims to unravel the underlying mechanisms of quercetin's action as an agonist of AMPK against the inflammatory damage induced by MG infection. Accordingly, we evaluated the effects of quercetin on the prevention and treatment of air sac injury, lung morphology, immunohistochemistry, AMPK/SIRT1/NF-κB pathway activity, and inflammatory factors in MG-infected chickens. The results confirmed that quercetin effectively inhibits the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6, leading to improved respiratory inflammation injury. Furthermore, quercetin was shown to enhance the levels of phosphorylated AMPK and SIRT1 while reducing the levels of phosphorylated P65 and pro-inflammatory factors. In conclusion, our study identifies the AMPK cascade signaling pathway as a novel cellular mediator responsible for quercetin's ability to counter MG-induced inflammatory damage. This finding highlights the potential significance of this pathway as an important target for anti-inflammatory drug research in the context of avian respiratory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyin Lu
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Chongshanzhong-Lu No. 66, Shenyang 110036, China; (Z.L.); (H.W.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (B.W.)
| | - Haozhen Wang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Chongshanzhong-Lu No. 66, Shenyang 110036, China; (Z.L.); (H.W.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (B.W.)
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- College of Computer Science, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China;
| | - Yufang Han
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Chongshanzhong-Lu No. 66, Shenyang 110036, China; (Z.L.); (H.W.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (B.W.)
| | - Xiujin Zhang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Chongshanzhong-Lu No. 66, Shenyang 110036, China; (Z.L.); (H.W.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (B.W.)
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Chongshanzhong-Lu No. 66, Shenyang 110036, China; (Z.L.); (H.W.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (B.W.)
| | - Baoqi Wang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Chongshanzhong-Lu No. 66, Shenyang 110036, China; (Z.L.); (H.W.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (B.W.)
| | - Xiuli Lu
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Chongshanzhong-Lu No. 66, Shenyang 110036, China; (Z.L.); (H.W.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (B.W.)
| | - Bing Gao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cherian A, Vadivel V, Thiruganasambandham S, Madhavankutty S. Phytocompounds and their molecular targets in immunomodulation: a review. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2023; 34:577-590. [PMID: 34786892 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2021-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells are important for the healthy function of every organ. The homeostasis of the immune system is selfregulated by T-cells, B-cells, and natural killer cells. The immunomodulation process of immune cells is part of the immunotherapy. According to therapeutic methods of immune responses are categorized as inducing (immunostimulant), amplification (immune booster), attenuation (immunomodulation), and prevention (immunosuppressive) actions. The prevalence of chronic immunological diseases like viral infections, allergies, and cancer is mainly due to the over-activation of the immune system. Further, immunomodulators are reported to manage the severity of chronic immunological disorders. Moreover, these immunomodulator-acting proteins are identified as potential molecular targets for the regulation of the immune system. Moreover, natural compound like phytocompounds are known to bind these targets and modulates the immune system. The specialized phytocompounds like curcumin, quercetin, stilbenes, flavonoids, and lignans are shown the immunomodulatory actions and ameliorate the immunological disorders. The present scenario of a COVID-19 pandemic situation has taught us the need to focus on strengthening the immune system and the development of the most promising immunotherapeutics. This review is focused on an overview of various phytocompounds and their molecular targets for the management of immunological disorders via immunosuppressants and immunostimulants actions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayda Cherian
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SRM College of Pharmacy, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Velmurugan Vadivel
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRMIST, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang P, Fu HJ, Lv LX, Liu CF, Han C, Zhao XF, Wang JX. WSSV exploits AMPK to activate mTORC2 signaling for proliferation by enhancing aerobic glycolysis. Commun Biol 2023; 6:361. [PMID: 37012372 PMCID: PMC10070494 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04735-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AMPK plays significant roles in the modulation of metabolic reprogramming and viral infection. However, the detailed mechanism by which AMPK affects viral infection is unclear. The present study aims to determine how AMPK influences white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection in shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus). Here, we find that AMPK expression and phosphorylation are significantly upregulated in WSSV-infected shrimp. WSSV replication decreases remarkably after knockdown of Ampkα and the shrimp survival rate of AMPK-inhibitor injection shrimp increases significantly, suggesting that AMPK is beneficial for WSSV proliferation. Mechanistically, WSSV infection increases intracellular Ca2+ level, and activates CaMKK, which result in AMPK phosphorylation and partial nuclear translocation. AMPK directly activates mTORC2-AKT signaling pathway to phosphorylate key enzymes of glycolysis in the cytosol and promotes expression of Hif1α to mediate transcription of key glycolytic enzyme genes, both of which lead to increased glycolysis to provide energy for WSSV proliferation. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism by which WSSV exploits the host CaMKK-AMPK-mTORC2 pathway for its proliferation, and suggest that AMPK might be a target for WSSV control in shrimp aquaculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hai-Jing Fu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Li-Xia Lv
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chen-Fei Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chang Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jin-Xing Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lv L, Guan J, Zhen R, Lv P, Xu M, Liu X, He S, Fang Z, Li Z, Lan Y, Lu H, He W, Gao F, Zhao K. Orf virus induces complete autophagy to promote viral replication via inhibition of AKT/mTOR and activation of the ERK1/2/mTOR signalling pathway in OFTu cells. Vet Res 2023; 54:22. [PMID: 36918891 PMCID: PMC10013242 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Orf virus (ORFV) is the causative agent of contagious ecthyma, which is an important zoonotic pathogen with a widespread distribution affecting sheep, goats and humans. Our previous research showed that autophagy can be induced in host cells by ORFV infection. However, the exact mechanism of ORFV-induced autophagy remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the underlying mechanisms of autophagy induced by ORFV in OFTu cells and the impact of autophagy on ORFV replication. By using specific autophagy inhibitors and activators, Western blotting, immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy imaging, we confirmed that ORFV infection triggered intracellular autophagosome accumulation and the activation of autophagic flux. Moreover, ORFV-induced autophagic activity was found to rely on an increase in the phosphorylation of tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) and a decrease in the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which is mediated by the suppression of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway and activation of the ERK1/2/mTOR signalling pathway. Furthermore, we investigated the role of mTOR-mediated autophagy during ORFV replication using pharmacological agents and demonstrated that ORFV-induced autophagy correlated positively with viral replication. Taken together, our data reveal the pathways of ORFV-induced autophagy and the impact of autophagy on ORFV replication, providing new insights into ORFV pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Lv
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiyu Guan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruixue Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mengshi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xingyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shishi He
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziyu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zi Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yungang Lan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huijun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenqi He
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lopardo V, Montella F, Esposito RM, Zannella C, Aliberti SM, Capunzo M, Franci G, Puca AA, Ciaglia E. SARS-CoV-2 Lysate Stimulation Impairs the Release of Platelet-like Particles and Megakaryopoiesis in the MEG-01 Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054723. [PMID: 36902151 PMCID: PMC10003077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection causes a considerable inflammatory response coupled with impaired platelet reactivity, which can lead to platelet disorders recognized as negative prognostic factors in COVID-19 patients. The virus may cause thrombocytopenia or thrombocytosis during the different disease stages by destroying or activating platelets and influencing platelet production. While it is known that several viruses can impair megakaryopoiesis by generating an improper production and activation of platelets, the potential involvement of SARS-CoV-2 in affecting megakaryopoiesis is poorly understood. To this purpose, we explored, in vitro, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 stimulation in the MEG-01 cell line, a human megakaryoblastic leukemia cell line, considering its spontaneous capacity of releasing platelet-like particles (PLPs). We interrogated the effect of heat-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 lysate in the release of PLPs and activation from MEG-01, the signaling pathway influenced by SARS-CoV-2, and the functional effect on macrophagic skewing. The results highlight the potential influence of SARS-CoV-2 in the early stages of megakaryopoiesis by enhancing the production and activation of platelets, very likely due to the impairment of STATs signaling and AMPK activity. Overall, these findings provide new insight into the role of SARS-CoV-2 in affecting megakaryocyte-platelet compartment, possibly unlocking another avenue by which SARS-CoV-2 moves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Lopardo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Via Salvatore Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Francesco Montella
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Via Salvatore Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Roberta Maria Esposito
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Via Salvatore Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Carla Zannella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Silvana Mirella Aliberti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Via Salvatore Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Mario Capunzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Via Salvatore Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Via Salvatore Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Annibale Alessandro Puca
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Via Salvatore Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.A.P.); (E.C.); Tel.: +39-089965235 (A.A.P.); +39-089965115 (E.C.); Fax: +39-089969602 (A.A.P. & E.C.)
| | - Elena Ciaglia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Via Salvatore Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.A.P.); (E.C.); Tel.: +39-089965235 (A.A.P.); +39-089965115 (E.C.); Fax: +39-089969602 (A.A.P. & E.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Khalid U, Dimov D, Vlaykova T. Matrix metalloproteinases in COVID-19: underlying significance. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2023.2186137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Usman Khalid
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Dimo Dimov
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Tatyana Vlaykova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jin C, Tan K, Yao Z, Lin BH, Zhang DP, Chen WK, Mao SM, Zhang W, Chen L, Lin Z, Weng SJ, Bai BL, Zheng WH, Zheng G, Wu ZY, Yang L. A Novel Anti-Osteoporosis Mechanism of VK2: Interfering with Ferroptosis via AMPK/SIRT1 Pathway in Type 2 Diabetic Osteoporosis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:2745-2761. [PMID: 36719855 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetic osteoporosis (T2DOP) is a chronic bone metabolic disease. Compared with traditional menopausal osteoporosis, the long-term high glucose (HG) microenvironment increases patients' risk of fracture and osteonecrosis. We were accumulating evidence that implicated ferroptosis as a pivotal mechanism of glucolipotoxicity-mediated death of osteocytes and osteoblast, a novel form of programmed cell death resulting from uncontrolled lipid peroxidation depending on iron. Vitamin K2 (VK2), a fat-soluble vitamin, is clinically applied to prevent osteoporosis and improve coagulation. This study aimed to clarify the role and mechanism of VK2 in HG-mediated ferroptosis. We established the mouse T2DOP model by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin solution and a high-fat and high-sugar diet. We also cultured bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in HG to simulate the diabetic environment in vitro. Based on our data, VK2 inhibited HG-mediated bone loss and ferroptosis, the latter manifested by decreased levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and malondialdehyde and increased glutathione in vitro. In addition, VK2 treatment was capable of restoring bone mass and strengthening the expression of SIRT1, GPX4, and osteogenic markers in the distal femurs. As for further mechanism exploration, we found that VK2 could activate AMPK/SIRT1 signaling, and knockdown of SIRT1 by siRNA prevented the VK2-mediated positive effect in HG-cultured BMSCs. Summarily, VK2 could ameliorate T2DOP through the activation of the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway to inhibit ferroptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jin
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Kai Tan
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zhe Yao
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Department of Burn and Wound Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Bing-Hao Lin
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Du-Piao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Wei-Kai Chen
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Shu-Ming Mao
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Orthopaedic Oncology Services, Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Zhen Lin
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - She-Ji Weng
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Bing-Li Bai
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Wen-Hao Zheng
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Gang Zheng
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zong-Yi Wu
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Diallo I, Jacob RA, Vion E, Kozak RA, Mossman K, Provost P. Altered microRNA Transcriptome in Cultured Human Airway Cells upon Infection with SARS-CoV-2. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020496. [PMID: 36851710 PMCID: PMC9962802 DOI: 10.3390/v15020496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous proteomic and transcriptomic studies have been carried out to better understand the current multi-variant SARS-CoV-2 virus mechanisms of action and effects. However, they are mostly centered on mRNAs and proteins. The effect of the virus on human post-transcriptional regulatory agents such as microRNAs (miRNAs), which are involved in the regulation of 60% of human gene activity, remains poorly explored. Similar to research we have previously undertaken with other viruses such as Ebola and HIV, in this study we investigated the miRNA profile of lung epithelial cells following infection with SARS-CoV-2. At the 24 and 72 h post-infection time points, SARS-CoV-2 did not drastically alter the miRNome. About 90% of the miRNAs remained non-differentially expressed. The results revealed that miR-1246, miR-1290 and miR-4728-5p were the most upregulated over time. miR-196b-5p and miR-196a-5p were the most downregulated at 24 h, whereas at 72 h, miR-3924, miR-30e-5p and miR-145-3p showed the highest level of downregulation. In the top significantly enriched KEGG pathways of genes targeted by differentially expressed miRNAs we found, among others, MAPK, RAS, P13K-Akt and renin secretion signaling pathways. Using RT-qPCR, we also showed that SARS-CoV-2 may regulate several predicted host mRNA targets involved in the entry of the virus into host cells (ACE2, TMPRSS2, ADAM17, FURIN), renin-angiotensin system (RAS) (Renin, Angiotensinogen, ACE), innate immune response (IL-6, IFN1β, CXCL10, SOCS4) and fundamental cellular processes (AKT, NOTCH, WNT). Finally, we demonstrated by dual-luciferase assay a direct interaction between miR-1246 and ACE-2 mRNA. This study highlights the modulatory role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Idrissa Diallo
- CHU de Québec Research Center/CHUL Pavilion, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Rajesh Abraham Jacob
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Elodie Vion
- CHU de Québec Research Center/CHUL Pavilion, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Robert A. Kozak
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Karen Mossman
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Patrick Provost
- CHU de Québec Research Center/CHUL Pavilion, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-418-525-4444 (ext. 48842)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ladilov Y, Aslam M. New Insights into the Basic and Translational Aspects of AMPK Signaling. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020206. [PMID: 36672140 PMCID: PMC9856794 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
5'-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an enzyme regulating numerous cellular processes involved in cell survival as well as health- and lifespan [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yury Ladilov
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center Brandenburg, University Hospital Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Ladeburger Str. 17, 16321 Bernau, Germany
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Justus Liebig University, Aulweg 129, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Clinic GmbH, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Rhein-Main, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-641-99-42242
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Parthasarathy H, Tandel D, Siddiqui AH, Harshan KH. Metformin suppresses SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture. Virus Res 2023; 323:199010. [PMID: 36417940 PMCID: PMC9676078 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.199010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Comorbidities such as diabetes worsen COVID-19 severity and recovery. Metformin, a first-line medication for type 2 diabetes, has antiviral properties and certain studies have also indicated its prognostic potential in COVID-19. Here, we report that metformin significantly inhibits SARS-CoV-2 growth in cell culture models. First, a steady increase in AMPK phosphorylation was detected as infection progressed, suggesting its important role during viral infection. Activation of AMPK in Calu3 and Caco2 cell lines using metformin revealed that metformin suppresses SARS-CoV-2 infectious titers up to 99%, in both naïve as well as infected cells. IC50 values from dose-variation studies in infected cells were found to be 0.4 and 1.43 mM in Calu3 and Caco2 cells, respectively. Role of AMPK in metformin's antiviral suppression was further confirmed using other pharmacological compounds, AICAR and Compound C. Collectively, our study demonstrates that metformin is effective in limiting the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture and thus possibly could offer double benefits as diabetic COVID-19 patients by lowering both blood glucose levels and viral load.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dixit Tandel
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy for Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | | | - Krishnan H Harshan
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy for Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mankovich N, Kehoe E, Peterson A, Kirby M. Pathway expression analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21839. [PMID: 36528702 PMCID: PMC9759056 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26381-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper introduces a pathway expression framework as an approach for constructing derived biomarkers. The pathway expression framework incorporates the biological connections of genes leading to a biologically relevant model. Using this framework, we distinguish between shedding subjects post-infection and all subjects pre-infection in human blood transcriptomic samples challenged with various respiratory viruses: H1N1, H3N2, HRV (Human Rhinoviruses), and RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus). Additionally, pathway expression data is used for selecting discriminatory pathways from these experiments. The classification results and selected pathways are benchmarked against standard gene expression based classification and pathway ranking methodologies. We find that using the pathway expression data along with selected pathways, which have minimal overlap with high ranking pathways found by traditional methods, improves classification rates across experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Mankovich
- grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Colorado State University, Mathematics, Fort Collins, 80523 USA
| | - Eric Kehoe
- grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Colorado State University, Mathematics, Fort Collins, 80523 USA
| | - Amy Peterson
- grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Colorado State University, Mathematics, Fort Collins, 80523 USA
| | - Michael Kirby
- grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Colorado State University, Mathematics, Fort Collins, 80523 USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
A Morbillivirus Infection Shifts DC Maturation Toward a Tolerogenic Phenotype to Suppress T Cell Activation. J Virol 2022; 96:e0124022. [PMID: 36094317 PMCID: PMC9517701 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01240-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses have evolved numerous strategies to impair immunity so that they can replicate more efficiently. Among those, the immunosuppressive effects of morbillivirus infection can be particularly problematic, as they allow secondary infections to take hold in the host, worsening disease prognosis. In the present work, we hypothesized that the highly contagious morbillivirus peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) could target monocytes and dendritic cells (DC) to contribute to the immunosuppressive effects produced by the infection. Monocytes isolated from healthy sheep, a natural host of the disease, were able be infected by PPRV and this impaired the differentiation and phagocytic ability of immature monocyte-derived DC (MoDC). We also assessed PPRV capacity to infect differentiated MoDC. Ovine MoDC could be productively infected by PPRV, and this drastically reduced MoDC capacity to activate allogeneic T cell responses. Transcriptomic analysis of infected MoDC indicated that several tolerogenic DC signature genes were upregulated upon PPRV infection. Furthermore, PPRV-infected MoDC could impair the proliferative response of autologous CD4+ and CD8+ T cell to the mitogen concanavalin A (ConA), which indicated that DC targeting by the virus could promote immunosuppression. These results shed new light on the mechanisms employed by morbillivirus to suppress the host immune responses. IMPORTANCE Morbilliviruses pose a threat to global health given their high infectivity. The morbillivirus peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) severely affects small-ruminant-productivity and leads to important economic losses in communities that rely on these animals for subsistence. PPRV produces in the infected host a period of severe immunosuppression that opportunistic pathogens exploit, which worsens the course of the infection. The mechanisms of PPRV immunosuppression are not fully understood. In the present work, we demonstrate that PPRV can infect professional antigen-presenting cells called dendritic cells (DC) and disrupt their capacity to elicit an immune response. PPRV infection promoted a DC activation profile that favored the induction of tolerance instead of the activation of an antiviral immune response. These results shed new light on the mechanisms employed by morbilliviruses to suppress the immune responses.
Collapse
|
22
|
Dominguez SR, Whiles S, Deobald KN, Kawula T. Francisella tularensis Exploits AMPK Activation to Harvest Host-Derived Nutrients Liberated from Host Lipolysis. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0015522. [PMID: 35916521 PMCID: PMC9387300 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00155-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Francisella tularensis is a zoonotic, facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen that replicates in a variety of cell types during infection. Following entry into the cell and phagosome escape, the bacterium replicates rapidly in the cytoplasm. F. tularensis intracellular growth depends on the availability of metabolizable essential nutrients to support replication. However, the mechanism by which metabolizable nutrients become available to the bacterium in the intracellular environment is not fully understood. We found that F. tularensis-infected cells had significantly smaller and fewer lipid droplets than uninfected cells. Inhibition of triacylglycerol degradation significantly reduced bacterial growth, whereas inhibition of triacylglycerol formation did not reduce bacterial growth, suggesting that triacylglycerols sequestered within lipid droplets are important nutrient sources for F. tularensis. We found that F. tularensis-infected cells had increased activation of lipolysis and the upstream regulatory protein AMP protein kinase (AMPK). These data suggest that F. tularensis exploits AMPK activation and lipid metabolism to use host-derived nutrients. Finally, we found that AMPK activation is correlated with an increased bacterial burden, which suggests that it is a host-mediated response to nutrient starvation that results from increased bacterial replication. Altogether, we conclude that F. tularensis exploits AMPK activation to access nutrients sequestered in lipid droplets, specifically glycerol and fatty acids, to undergo efficient bacterial replication and cause successful infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sedelia R. Dominguez
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Shannon Whiles
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Kelly N. Deobald
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Thomas Kawula
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Identification of novel regulatory pathways across normal human bronchial epithelial cell lines (NHBEs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cell lines (PBMCs) in COVID-19 patients using transcriptome analysis. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2022; 31:100979. [PMID: 35669390 PMCID: PMC9159965 DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2022.100979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 is one of the most infectious and deadly coronaviruses, which has gripped the world, causing the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the numerous studies being conducted on this virus, many uncertainties are with the disease. This is exacerbated by the speedy mutations acquired by the viral strain, which enables the disease to present itself differently in different people, introducing new factors of uncertainty. This study aims at the identification of regulatory pathways across two cell lines, namely, the peripheral blood mononuclear cell line (PBMC) and the normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cell line. Both the above-mentioned cell lines were considered because they support viral replication. Furthermore, the NHBE cell line captures vital changes in the lungs, which are the main organs affected by the COVID-19 patients, and the PBMC cell line is closely linked to the body's immune system. RNA-Seq analysis, differential gene expression and gene set enrichment analysis for pathway identification were followed. Pathway analysis throws light upon the various systems affected in the body due to the COVID-19. Gene regulatory networks associated with the significant pathways were also designed. These networks aid in identifying various gene targets, along with their interactions. Studying the functionality of the pathways and the gene interactions associated with them, aided by long COVID studies, will provide immense clarity about the current COVID-19 scenario. In the long term, this will help in the design of therapeutic approaches against the SARS-CoV-2 and can also contribute to drug repurposing studies. Ultimately, this study identifies and analyses the relationship of various undiscovered or lesser explored pathways in the human body to the SARS-CoV-2 and establish a clearer picture of the association to help streamline further studies and approaches.
Collapse
|
24
|
Hasanvand A. The role of AMPK-dependent pathways in cellular and molecular mechanisms of metformin: a new perspective for treatment and prevention of diseases. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:775-788. [PMID: 35419709 PMCID: PMC9007580 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00980-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metformin can suppress gluconeogenesis and reduce blood sugar by activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inducing small heterodimer partner (SHP) expression in the liver cells. The main mechanism of metformin’s action is related to its activation of the AMPK enzyme and regulation of the energy balance. AMPK is a heterothermic serine/threonine kinase made of a catalytic alpha subunit and two subunits of beta and a gamma regulator. This enzyme can measure the intracellular ratio of AMP/ATP. If this ratio is high, the amino acid threonine 172 available in its alpha chain would be activated by the phosphorylated liver kinase B1 (LKB1), leading to AMPK activation. Several studies have indicated that apart from its significant role in the reduction of blood glucose level, metformin activates the AMPK enzyme that in turn has various efficient impacts on the regulation of various processes, including controlling inflammatory conditions, altering the differentiation pathway of immune and non-immune cell pathways, and the amelioration of various cancers, liver diseases, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), kidney diseases, neurological disorders, etc. Metformin’s activation of AMPK enables it to control inflammatory conditions, improve oxidative status, regulate the differentiation pathways of various cells, change the pathological process in various diseases, and finally have positive therapeutic effects on them. Due to the activation of AMPK and its role in regulating several subcellular signalling pathways, metformin can be effective in altering the cells’ proliferation and differentiation pathways and eventually in the prevention and treatment of certain diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Hasanvand
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chandra A, Johri A. A Peek into Pandora’s Box: COVID-19 and Neurodegeneration. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12020190. [PMID: 35203953 PMCID: PMC8870638 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ever since it was first reported in Wuhan, China, the coronavirus-induced disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has become an enigma of sorts with ever expanding reports of direct and indirect effects of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on almost all the vital organ systems. Along with inciting acute pulmonary complications, the virus attacks the cardiac, renal, hepatic, and gastrointestinal systems as well as the central nervous system (CNS). The person-to-person variability in susceptibility of individuals to disease severity still remains a puzzle, although the comorbidities and the age/gender of a person are believed to play a key role. SARS-CoV-2 needs angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor for its infectivity, and the association between SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 leads to a decline in ACE2 activity and its neuroprotective effects. Acute respiratory distress may also induce hypoxia, leading to increased oxidative stress and neurodegeneration. Infection of the neurons along with peripheral leukocytes’ activation results in proinflammatory cytokine release, rendering the brain more susceptible to neurodegenerative changes. Due to the advancement in molecular biology techniques and vaccine development programs, the world now has hope to relatively quickly study and combat the deadly virus. On the other side, however, the virus seems to be still evolving with new variants being discovered periodically. In keeping up with the pace of this virus, there has been an avalanche of studies. This review provides an update on the recent progress in adjudicating the CNS-related mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its potential to incite or accelerate neurodegeneration in surviving patients. Current as well as emerging therapeutic opportunities and biomarker development are highlighted.
Collapse
|
26
|
Alves HR, Lomba GSB, Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque CF, Burth P. Irisin, Exercise, and COVID-19. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:879066. [PMID: 35784579 PMCID: PMC9248970 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.879066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle and adipose tissue produce irisin during exercise. Irisin is thermogenic adipomyokine, improves glucose and lipid metabolism, and ameliorates the effects of obesity-driven inflammation, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. In addition, exercise-induced irisin activates anti-inflammatory pathways and may play an essential role in improving the outcomes of inflammatory conditions, such as coronavirus disease (COVID-19). COVID-19 infection can activate different intracellular receptors and modulate various pathways during the course of the disease. The cytokine release storm (CRS) produced is significant because it promotes the context for systemic inflammation, which increases the risk of mortality in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2). In addition, viral infection and the resulting organ damage may stimulate the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/toll interleukin receptor (TIR)-domain-containing adaptor (MyD88) pathways while negatively modulating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, leading to increased inflammatory cytokine production. Exercise-induced irisin may counteract this inflammatory modulation by decreasing cytokine production. Consequently, increased irisin levels, as found in healthy patients, may favor a better prognosis in patients with SARS-CoV2. This review aims to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory properties of irisin in mitigating CRS and preventing severe outcomes due to infection with SARS-CoV2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Rodrigues Alves
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | | | - Cassiano Felippe Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Patricia Burth, ; Cassiano Felippe Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque,
| | - Patricia Burth
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Patricia Burth, ; Cassiano Felippe Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque,
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Farfan-Morales CN, Cordero-Rivera CD, Reyes-Ruiz JM, Hurtado-Monzón AM, Osuna-Ramos JF, González-González AM, De Jesús-González LA, Palacios-Rápalo SN, Del Ángel RM. Anti-flavivirus Properties of Lipid-Lowering Drugs. Front Physiol 2021; 12:749770. [PMID: 34690817 PMCID: PMC8529048 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.749770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Flaviviruses such as dengue (DENV) and zika (ZIKV) virus are important human pathogens, an effective vaccine or antiviral treatment against them is not available. Hence, the search for new strategies to control flavivirus infections is essential. Several studies have shown that the host lipid metabolism could be an antiviral target because cholesterol and other lipids are required during the replicative cycle of different Flaviviridae family members. FDA-approved drugs with hypolipidemic effects could be an alternative for treating flavivirus infections. However, a better understanding of the regulation between host lipid metabolism and signaling pathways triggered during these infections is required. The metabolic pathways related to lipid metabolism modified during DENV and ZIKV infection are analyzed in this review. Additionally, the role of lipid-lowering drugs as safe host-targeted antivirals is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Noe Farfan-Morales
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Daniel Cordero-Rivera
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Manuel Reyes-Ruiz
- Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades No. 14, Centro Médico Nacional "Adolfo Ruiz Cortines," Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Heroica Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Arianna M Hurtado-Monzón
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Fidel Osuna-Ramos
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arely M González-González
- Laboratorio de Ingeniería Tisular y Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Adrián De Jesús-González
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Selvin Noé Palacios-Rápalo
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Del Ángel
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ginkgolic Acid Inhibits Coronavirus Strain 229E Infection of Human Epithelial Lung Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14100980. [PMID: 34681204 PMCID: PMC8537259 DOI: 10.3390/ph14100980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected more than 200 million individuals around the globe and caused millions of deaths. Although there are now multiple vaccines for SARS-CoV-2, their efficacy may be limited by current and future viral mutations. Therefore, effective antiviral compounds are an essential component to win the battle against the family of coronaviruses. Ginkgolic Acid (GA) is a pan-antiviral molecule with proven effective in vitro and in vivo activity. We previously demonstrated that GA inhibits Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) by disrupting viral structure, blocking fusion, and inhibiting viral protein synthesis. Additionally, we reported that GA displays broad-spectrum fusion inhibition encompassing all three classes of fusion proteins, including those of HIV, Ebola, influenza A, and Epstein Barr virus. Here, we report that GA exhibited potent antiviral activity against Human Coronavirus strain 229E (HCoV-229E) infection of human epithelial lung cells (MRC-5). GA significantly reduced progeny virus production, expression of viral proteins, and cytopathic effects (CPE). Furthermore, GA significantly inhibited HCoV-229E even when added post-infection. In light of our findings and the similarities of this family of viruses, GA holds promising potential as an effective antiviral treatment for SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
|