1
|
Ben S, Gao F, Xu Z, Zhang R, Zhang X, Wang N, Zhang M, Hou L. The role of hematological parameters in asymptomatic and non-severe cases of Omicron variant infection. Virol J 2024; 21:143. [PMID: 38915037 PMCID: PMC11197332 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02414-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omicron variants are currently the predominant circulating lineage worldwide and most cases are mild or asymptomatic. The Omicron variant is characterized by high transmissibility and immune evasion. Early identification of Omicron cases in clinical settings is crucial for controlling its spread. Previous studies have indicated that changes in hematological parameters can be used to predict the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the role of hematological parameters in non-severe and asymptomatic cases remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of hematological parameters in non-severe and asymptomatic Omicron variant infections. METHODS Hematological parameters and results were analyzed and compared in symptomatic (n = 356) and asymptomatic (n = 171) groups respectively, and between these two groups with positive COVID-19 tests. The utility of hematological parameters for predicting positive COVID-19 tests was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS Individuals with non-severe cases exhibited decreased levels of platelets, lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes (%), eosinophils (%), and basophils (%), while exhibiting elevated counts of monocytes, neutrophils (%), monocytes (%), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) when compared to suspected cases or asymptomatic carriers. In asymptomatic patients, positive carriers had lower leukocyte, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts but higher monocyte, monocyte (%), PLR, and CRP levels than negative carriers. Basophil counts combined with lymphocytes or the PLR demonstrated a more significant predictive value in screening non-severe cases earlier compared to other parameters. The combined assessment of the monocyte (%) and the PLR had the highest area under the curve for diagnosing asymptomatic carriers. CONCLUSIONS Circulating basophils, alone or in combination with other hematological parameters, may be used as efficient biomarkers for early screening of non-severe Omicron cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suqin Ben
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 HainingRoad, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Fengying Gao
- Department of Pulmonary Disease, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, PR China
| | - Ziheng Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 HainingRoad, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Rulin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Xingyi Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 HainingRoad, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 HainingRoad, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Lili Hou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 HainingRoad, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China.
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jiuquan Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Gansu, 735099, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hong Q, Zhu S, Yu Y, Ren Y, Jin L, Wang H, Zhang H, Guo K. The emerging role of mtDNA release in sepsis: Current evidence and potential therapeutic targets. J Cell Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38888012 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory reaction caused by infection, and severe sepsis can develop into septic shock, eventually leading to multiorgan dysfunction and even death. In recent years, studies have shown that mitochondrial damage is closely related to the occurrence and development of sepsis. Recent years have seen a surge in concern over mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), as anomalies in this material can lead to cellular dysfunction, disruption of aerobic respiration, and even death of the cell. In this review, we discuss the latest findings on the mechanisms of mitochondrial damage and the molecular mechanisms controlling mitochondrial mtDNA release. We also explored the connection between mtDNA misplacement and inflammatory activation. Additionally, we propose potential therapeutic targets of mtDNA for sepsis treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianya Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuainan Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
| | - Huilin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
| | - Kefang Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu X, Sun L, Huang L, Huang C, Sun K, Li H. Proteomic alterations associated with the formation of monocyte extracellular trap induced by Candida albicans hyphae. Future Microbiol 2024; 19:307-316. [PMID: 38358357 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The interaction between the host and Candida albicans is dynamic and intricate. We performed proteomic analysis to explore monocyte-C. albicans hyphae interaction. Materials & methods: Primary human monocytes were stimulated by heat-killed C. albicans hyphae and their proteins were profiled by tandem liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results: Based on the protein database of different species for analysis, we found that stimulation of monocytes by hyphae was accompanied by upregulation of histones and activation of extracellular traps (ETs) formation pathway. Meanwhile, monocyte ETs (MoETs) were evoked by synthesis or alteration of C. albicans cell wall proteins expression during the morphological switch to hyphal. Conclusion: MoETs formation is linked to cell wall proteins of C. albicans hyphae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liying Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chenwei Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kuixia Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haixia Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Coelho SVA, Augusto FM, de Arruda LB. Potential Pathways and Pathophysiological Implications of Viral Infection-Driven Activation of Kallikrein-Kinin System (KKS). Viruses 2024; 16:245. [PMID: 38400022 PMCID: PMC10892958 DOI: 10.3390/v16020245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Microcirculatory and coagulation disturbances commonly occur as pathological manifestations of systemic viral infections. Research exploring the role of the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) in flavivirus infections has recently linked microvascular dysfunctions to bradykinin (BK)-induced signaling of B2R, a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) constitutively expressed by endothelial cells. The relevance of KKS activation as an innate response to viral infections has gained increasing attention, particularly after the reports regarding thrombogenic events during COVID-19. BK receptor (B2R and B1R) signal transduction results in vascular permeability, edema formation, angiogenesis, and pain. Recent findings unveiling the role of KKS in viral pathogenesis include evidence of increased activation of KKS with elevated levels of BK and its metabolites in both intravascular and tissue milieu, as well as reports demonstrating that virus replication stimulates BKR expression. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms triggered by virus replication and by virus-induced inflammatory responses that may stimulate KKS. We also explore how KKS activation and BK signaling may impact virus pathogenesis and further discuss the potential therapeutic application of BKR antagonists in the treatment of hemorrhagic and respiratory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharton Vinícius Antunes Coelho
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
| | | | - Luciana Barros de Arruda
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhou Z, Ou-yang C, Chen Q, Ren Z, Guo X, Lei M, Liu C, Yang X. Trafficking and effect of released DNA on cGAS-STING signaling pathway and cardiovascular disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1287130. [PMID: 38152400 PMCID: PMC10751357 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1287130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence from clinical research and animal studies indicates that inflammation is an important factor in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Emerging evidence shows that nucleic acids serve as crucial pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or non-infectious damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), are released and then recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which activates immunological signaling pathways for host defense. Mechanistically, the released nucleic acids activate cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and its downstream receptor stimulator of interferon genes (STING) to promote type I interferons (IFNs) production, which play an important regulatory function during the initiation of an innate immune response to various diseases, including CVD. This pathway represents an essential defense regulatory mechanism in an organism's innate immune system. In this review, we outline the overall profile of cGAS-STING signaling, summarize the latest findings on nucleic acid release and trafficking, and discuss their potential role in CVD. This review also sheds light on potential directions for future investigations on CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zimo Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Changhan Ou-yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Qingjie Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Zhanhong Ren
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Xiying Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Min Lei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Xiaosong Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bleakley AS, Kho S, Binks MJ, Pizzutto S, Chang AB, Beissbarth J, Minigo G, Marsh RL. Extracellular traps are evident in Romanowsky-stained smears of bronchoalveolar lavage from children with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Respirology 2023; 28:1126-1135. [PMID: 37648649 PMCID: PMC10947271 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The importance of extracellular traps (ETs) in chronic respiratory conditions is increasingly recognized but their role in paediatric bronchiectasis is poorly understood. The specialized techniques currently required to study ETs preclude routine clinical use. A simple and cost-effective ETs detection method is needed to support diagnostic applications. We aimed to determine whether ETs could be detected using light microscopy-based assessment of Romanowsky-stained bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) slides from children with bronchiectasis, and whether the ETs cellular origin could be determined. METHODS Archived Romanowsky-stained BAL slides from a cross-sectional study of children with bronchiectasis were examined for ETs using light microscopy. The cellular origin of individual ETs was determined based on morphology and physical contact with surrounding cell(s). RESULTS ETs were observed in 78.7% (70/89) of BAL slides with neutrophil (NETs), macrophage (METs), eosinophil (EETs) and lymphocyte (LETs) ETs observed in 32.6%, 51.7%, 4.5% and 9%, respectively. ETs of indeterminate cellular origin were present in 59.6% of slides. Identifiable and indeterminate ETs were co-detected in 43.8% of slides. CONCLUSION BAL from children with bronchiectasis commonly contains multiple ET types that are detectable using Romanowsky-stained slides. While specialist techniques remain necessary to determining the cellular origin of all ETs, screening of Romanowsky-stained slides presents a cost-effective method that is well-suited to diagnostic settings. Our findings support further research to determine whether ETs can be used to define respiratory endotypes and to understand whether ETs-specific therapies may be required to resolve airway inflammation among children with bronchiectasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy S. Bleakley
- Child and Maternal Health DivisionMenzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin UniversityDarwinNorthern TerritoryAustralia
| | - Steven Kho
- Global and Tropical Health DivisionMenzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin UniversityDarwinNorthern TerritoryAustralia
| | - Michael J. Binks
- Child and Maternal Health DivisionMenzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin UniversityDarwinNorthern TerritoryAustralia
| | - Susan Pizzutto
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Faculty of Science and TechnologyCharles Darwin UniversityDarwinNorthern TerritoryAustralia
| | - Anne B. Chang
- Child and Maternal Health DivisionMenzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin UniversityDarwinNorthern TerritoryAustralia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep MedicineQueensland Children's Hospital and Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Jemima Beissbarth
- Child and Maternal Health DivisionMenzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin UniversityDarwinNorthern TerritoryAustralia
| | - Gabriela Minigo
- Global and Tropical Health DivisionMenzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin UniversityDarwinNorthern TerritoryAustralia
- School of Medicine, Faculty of HealthCharles Darwin UniversityDarwinNorthern TerritoryAustralia
| | - Robyn L. Marsh
- Child and Maternal Health DivisionMenzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin UniversityDarwinNorthern TerritoryAustralia
- School of Health SciencesUniversity of TasmaniaLauncestonTasmaniaAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ardanuy J, Scanlon KM, Skerry C, Carbonetti NH. DNA-Dependent Interferon Induction and Lung Inflammation in Bordetella pertussis Infection. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2023; 43:478-486. [PMID: 37651198 PMCID: PMC10599430 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2023.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pertussis, caused by Bordetella pertussis, is a resurgent respiratory disease but the molecular mechanisms underlying pathogenesis are poorly understood. We recently showed the importance of type I and type III interferon (IFN) induction and signaling for the development of lung inflammation in B. pertussis-infected mouse models. Classically, these IFNs are induced by signaling through a variety of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on host cells. Here, we found that the PRR signaling adaptor molecules MyD88 and TRIF contribute to IFN induction and lung inflammatory pathology during B. pertussis infection. However, the PRRs Toll-like receptors (TLR) 3 and TLR4, which signal through TRIF and MyD88, respectively, played no role in IFN induction. Instead, the DNA-sensing PRRs, TLR9 and STING, were important for induction of type I/III IFN and promotion of inflammatory pathology, indicating that DNA is a major inducer of lung IFN responses in B. pertussis infection. These results increase our understanding of this host-pathogen interaction and identify potential targets for host-directed therapies to reduce B. pertussis-mediated pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Ardanuy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Karen M. Scanlon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ciaran Skerry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicholas H. Carbonetti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shen K, Zhang M, Zhao R, Li Y, Li C, Hou X, Sun B, Liu B, Xiang M, Lin J. Eosinophil extracellular traps in asthma: implications for pathogenesis and therapy. Respir Res 2023; 24:231. [PMID: 37752512 PMCID: PMC10523707 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02504-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a common, chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that affects millions of people worldwide and is associated with significant healthcare costs. Eosinophils, a type of immune cell, play a critical role in the development and progression of asthma. Eosinophil extracellular traps (EETs) are reticular structures composed of DNA, histones, and granulins that eosinophils form and release into the extracellular space as part of the innate immune response. EETs have a protective effect by limiting the migration of pathogens and antimicrobial activity to a controlled range. However, chronic inflammation can lead to the overproduction of EETs, which can trigger and exacerbate allergic asthma. In this review, we examine the role of EETs in asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunlu Shen
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiheng Zhao
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Li
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiao Li
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Hou
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Bingqing Sun
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Liu
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Min Xiang
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangtao Lin
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China.
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Napolitano G, Fasciolo G, Muscari Tomajoli MT, Venditti P. Changes in the Mitochondria in the Aging Process-Can α-Tocopherol Affect Them? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12453. [PMID: 37569829 PMCID: PMC10419829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerobic organisms use molecular oxygen in several reactions, including those in which the oxidation of substrate molecules is coupled to oxygen reduction to produce large amounts of metabolic energy. The utilization of oxygen is associated with the production of ROS, which can damage biological macromolecules but also act as signaling molecules, regulating numerous cellular processes. Mitochondria are the cellular sites where most of the metabolic energy is produced and perform numerous physiological functions by acting as regulatory hubs of cellular metabolism. They retain the remnants of their bacterial ancestors, including an independent genome that encodes part of their protein equipment; they have an accurate quality control system; and control of cellular functions also depends on communication with the nucleus. During aging, mitochondria can undergo dysfunctions, some of which are mediated by ROS. In this review, after a description of how aging affects the mitochondrial quality and quality control system and the involvement of mitochondria in inflammation, we report information on how vitamin E, the main fat-soluble antioxidant, can protect mitochondria from age-related changes. The information in this regard is scarce and limited to some tissues and some aspects of mitochondrial alterations in aging. Improving knowledge of the effects of vitamin E on aging is essential to defining an optimal strategy for healthy aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaetana Napolitano
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Naples Parthenope, Via Acton n. 38, I-80133 Naples, Italy; (G.N.); (M.T.M.T.)
| | - Gianluca Fasciolo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples ‘Napoli Federico II’, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cinthia, I-80126 Naples, Italy;
| | - Maria Teresa Muscari Tomajoli
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Naples Parthenope, Via Acton n. 38, I-80133 Naples, Italy; (G.N.); (M.T.M.T.)
| | - Paola Venditti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples ‘Napoli Federico II’, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cinthia, I-80126 Naples, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
García-Bengoa M, Meurer M, Goethe R, Singh M, Reljic R, von Köckritz-Blickwede M. Role of phagocyte extracellular traps during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections and tuberculosis disease processes. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:983299. [PMID: 37492257 PMCID: PMC10365110 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.983299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infections remain one of the most significant causes of mortality worldwide. The current situation shows an emergence of new antibiotic-resistant strains making it difficult to control the tuberculosis (TB) disease. A large part of its success as a pathogen is due to its ability to persist for years or even decades without causing evident clinical manifestations. M.tb is highly successful in evading the host-defense by manipulating host-signalling pathways. Although macrophages are generally viewed as the key cell type involved in harboring M.tb, growing evidence shows that neutrophils also play a fundamental role. Both cells are known to act in multiple ways when encountering an invading pathogen, including phagocytosis, release of cytokines and chemokines, and oxidative burst. In addition, the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and macrophage extracellular traps (METs) has been described to contribute to M.tb infections. NETs/METs are extracellular DNA fibers with associated granule components, which are released upon activation of the cells by the pathogen or by pro-inflammatory mediators. On one hand, they can lead to a protective immune response by entrapment and killing of pathogens. However, on the other hand, they can also play a severe pathological role by inducing tissue damage. Extracellular traps (ETs) produced in the pulmonary alveoli can expand easily and expose tissue-damaging factors with detrimental effects. Since host-directed therapies offer a complementary strategy in TB, the knowledge of NET/MET formation is important for understanding potential protective versus detrimental pathways during innate immune signaling. In this review, we summarize the progress made in understanding the role of NETs/METs in the pathogenesis of TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María García-Bengoa
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- LIONEX Diagnostics and Therapeutics GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marita Meurer
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralph Goethe
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mahavir Singh
- LIONEX Diagnostics and Therapeutics GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rajko Reljic
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Leite-Silva J, Oliveira-Ribeiro C, Morgado FN, Pimentel MIF, Lyra MR, Fagundes A, Miranda LFC, Valete-Rosalino CM, Schubach AO, Conceição-Silva F. Is There Any Difference in the In Situ Immune Response in Active Localized Cutaneous Leishmaniasis That Respond Well or Poorly to Meglumine Antimoniate Treatment or Spontaneously Heal? Microorganisms 2023; 11:1631. [PMID: 37512804 PMCID: PMC10384164 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Localized cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania braziliensis can either respond well or poorly to the treatment or heal spontaneously; It seems to be dependent on the parasite and/or host factors, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. We evaluated the in situ immune response in eighty-two active lesions from fifty-eight patients prior to treatment classified as early spontaneous regression (SRL-n = 14); treatment responders (GRL-n = 20); and non-responders (before first treatment/relapse, PRL1/PRL2-n = 24 each). Immunohistochemistry was used to identify cell/functional markers which were correlated with the clinical characteristics. PRL showed significant differences in lesion number/size, clinical evolution, and positive parasitological examinations when compared with the other groups. SRL presented a more efficient immune response than GRL and PRL, with higher IFN-γ/NOS2 and a lower percentage of macrophages, neutrophils, NK, B cells, and Ki-67+ cells. Compared to SRL, PRL had fewer CD4+ Tcells and more CD163+ macrophages. PRL1 had more CD68+ macrophages and Ki-67+ cells but less IFN-γ than GRL. PRL present a less efficient immune profile, which could explain the poor treatment response, while SRL had a more balanced immune response profile for lesion healing. Altogether, these evaluations suggest a differentiated profile of the organization of the inflammatory process for lesions of different tegumentary leishmaniasis evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Leite-Silva
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carla Oliveira-Ribeiro
- Service of Oncological Dermatology-National Institute of Cancer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro 20570-120, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Nazaré Morgado
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Inês Fernandes Pimentel
- Laboratory of Clinical Research and Surveillance in Leishmaniasis (LAPCLIN VIGILEISH) National Institute of Infectology Evandro Chagas (INI), Fiocruz Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rosandiski Lyra
- Laboratory of Clinical Research and Surveillance in Leishmaniasis (LAPCLIN VIGILEISH) National Institute of Infectology Evandro Chagas (INI), Fiocruz Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil
| | - Aline Fagundes
- Laboratory of Clinical Research and Surveillance in Leishmaniasis (LAPCLIN VIGILEISH) National Institute of Infectology Evandro Chagas (INI), Fiocruz Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luciana Freitas Campos Miranda
- Laboratory of Clinical Research and Surveillance in Leishmaniasis (LAPCLIN VIGILEISH) National Institute of Infectology Evandro Chagas (INI), Fiocruz Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil
| | - Claudia Maria Valete-Rosalino
- Laboratory of Clinical Research and Surveillance in Leishmaniasis (LAPCLIN VIGILEISH) National Institute of Infectology Evandro Chagas (INI), Fiocruz Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil
| | - Armando Oliveira Schubach
- Laboratory of Clinical Research and Surveillance in Leishmaniasis (LAPCLIN VIGILEISH) National Institute of Infectology Evandro Chagas (INI), Fiocruz Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fátima Conceição-Silva
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Castaño M, Tomás-Pérez S, González-Cantó E, Aghababyan C, Mascarós-Martínez A, Santonja N, Herreros-Pomares A, Oto J, Medina P, Götte M, Mc Cormack BA, Marí-Alexandre J, Gilabert-Estellés J. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Cancer: Trapping Our Attention with Their Involvement in Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065995. [PMID: 36983067 PMCID: PMC10056926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils, the most abundant circulating leukocytes, play a well-known role in defense against pathogens through phagocytosis and degranulation. However, a new mechanism involving the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) composed of DNA, histones, calprotectin, myeloperoxidase, and elastase, among others, has been described. The so-called NETosis process can occur through three different mechanisms: suicidal, vital, and mitochondrial NETosis. Apart from their role in immune defense, neutrophils and NETs have been involved in physiopathological conditions, highlighting immunothrombosis and cancer. Notably, neutrophils can either promote or inhibit tumor growth in the tumor microenvironment depending on cytokine signaling and epigenetic modifications. Several neutrophils' pro-tumor strategies involving NETs have been documented, including pre-metastatic niche formation, increased survival, inhibition of the immune response, and resistance to oncologic therapies. In this review, we focus on ovarian cancer (OC), which remains the second most incidental but the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, partly due to the presence of metastasis, often omental, at diagnosis and the resistance to treatment. We deepen the state-of-the-art on the participation of NETs in OC metastasis establishment and progression and their involvement in resistance to chemo-, immuno-, and radiotherapies. Finally, we review the current literature on NETs in OC as diagnostic and/or prognostic markers, and their contribution to disease progression at early and advanced stages. The panoramic view provided in this article might pave the way for enhanced diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to improve the prognosis of cancer patients and, specifically, OC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Castaño
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis, Arteriosclerosis and Vascular Biology Research Group, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sarai Tomás-Pérez
- Research Laboratory in Biomarkers in Reproduction, Gynaecology, and Obstetrics, Research Foundation of the General University Hospital of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva González-Cantó
- Research Laboratory in Biomarkers in Reproduction, Gynaecology, and Obstetrics, Research Foundation of the General University Hospital of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Aghababyan
- Research Laboratory in Biomarkers in Reproduction, Gynaecology, and Obstetrics, Research Foundation of the General University Hospital of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General University Hospital of Valencia Consortium, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrea Mascarós-Martínez
- Department of Pathology, General University Hospital of Valencia Consortium, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Nuria Santonja
- Department of Pathology, General University Hospital of Valencia Consortium, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Julia Oto
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis, Arteriosclerosis and Vascular Biology Research Group, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Pilar Medina
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis, Arteriosclerosis and Vascular Biology Research Group, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bárbara Andrea Mc Cormack
- Research Laboratory in Biomarkers in Reproduction, Gynaecology, and Obstetrics, Research Foundation of the General University Hospital of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Josep Marí-Alexandre
- Research Laboratory in Biomarkers in Reproduction, Gynaecology, and Obstetrics, Research Foundation of the General University Hospital of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pathology, General University Hospital of Valencia Consortium, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Gilabert-Estellés
- Research Laboratory in Biomarkers in Reproduction, Gynaecology, and Obstetrics, Research Foundation of the General University Hospital of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General University Hospital of Valencia Consortium, 46014 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics, and Gynaecology, University of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Poto R, Gambardella AR, Marone G, Schroeder JT, Mattei F, Schiavoni G, Varricchi G. Basophils from allergy to cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1056838. [PMID: 36578500 PMCID: PMC9791102 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1056838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human basophils, first identified over 140 years ago, account for just 0.5-1% of circulating leukocytes. While this scarcity long hampered basophil studies, innovations during the past 30 years, beginning with their isolation and more recently in the development of mouse models, have markedly advanced our understanding of these cells. Although dissimilarities between human and mouse basophils persist, the overall findings highlight the growing importance of these cells in health and disease. Indeed, studies continue to support basophils as key participants in IgE-mediated reactions, where they infiltrate inflammatory lesions, release pro-inflammatory mediators (histamine, leukotriene C4: LTC4) and regulatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-13) central to the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Studies now report basophils infiltrating various human cancers where they play diverse roles, either promoting or hampering tumorigenesis. Likewise, this activity bears remarkable similarity to the mounting evidence that basophils facilitate wound healing. In fact, both activities appear linked to the capacity of basophils to secrete IL-4/IL-13, with these cytokines polarizing macrophages toward the M2 phenotype. Basophils also secrete several angiogenic factors (vascular endothelial growth factor: VEGF-A, amphiregulin) consistent with these activities. In this review, we feature these newfound properties with the goal of unraveling the increasing importance of basophils in these diverse pathobiological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Remo Poto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy,Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy,World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), Naples, Italy
| | - Adriana Rosa Gambardella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy,Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy,World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), Naples, Italy,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - John T. Schroeder
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Fabrizio Mattei
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Schiavoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy,*Correspondence: Gilda Varricchi, ; Giovanna Schiavoni,
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy,World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), Naples, Italy,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy,*Correspondence: Gilda Varricchi, ; Giovanna Schiavoni,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li X, Ye Y, Peng K, Zeng Z, Chen L, Zeng Y. Histones: The critical players in innate immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1030610. [PMID: 36479112 PMCID: PMC9720293 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1030610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly conserved histones in different species seem to represent a very ancient and universal innate host defense system against microorganisms in the biological world. Histones are the essential part of nuclear matter and act as a control switch for DNA transcription. However, histones are also found in the cytoplasm, cell membranes, and extracellular fluid, where they function as host defenses and promote inflammatory responses. In some cases, extracellular histones can act as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and bind to pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), thereby triggering innate immune responses and causing initial organ damage. Histones and their fragments serve as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) to directly eliminate bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites in vitro and in vivo. Histones are also involved in phagocytes-related innate immune response as components of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), neutrophil activators, and plasminogen receptors. In addition, as a considerable part of epigenetic regulation, histone modifications play a vital role in regulating the innate immune response and expression of corresponding defense genes. Here, we review the regulatory role of histones in innate immune response, which provides a new strategy for the development of antibiotics and the use of histones as therapeutic targets for inflammatory diseases, sepsis, autoimmune diseases, and COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Youyuan Ye
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Kailan Peng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuo Zeng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Li Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yanhua Zeng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Yanhua Zeng, ;
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yu H, Wu M, Chen S, Song M, Yue Y. Biomimetic nanoparticles for tumor immunotherapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:989881. [PMID: 36440446 PMCID: PMC9682960 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.989881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, tumor treatment research still focuses on the cancer cells themselves, but the fact that the immune system plays an important role in inhibiting tumor development cannot be ignored. The activation of the immune system depends on the difference between self and non-self. Unfortunately, cancer is characterized by genetic changes in the host cells that lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation and evade immune surveillance. Cancer immunotherapy aims to coordinate a patient's immune system to target, fight, and destroy cancer cells without destroying the normal cells. Nevertheless, antitumor immunity driven by the autoimmune system alone may be inadequate for treatment. The development of drug delivery systems (DDS) based on nanoparticles can not only promote immunotherapy but also improve the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (ITM), which provides promising strategies for cancer treatment. However, conventional nano drug delivery systems (NDDS) are subject to several limitations in clinical transformation, such as immunogenicity and the potential toxicity risks of the carrier materials, premature drug leakage at off-target sites during circulation and drug load content. In order to address these limitations, this paper reviews the trends and progress of biomimetic NDDS and discusses the applications of each biomimetic system in tumor immunotherapy. Furthermore, we review the various combination immunotherapies based on biomimetic NDDS and key considerations for clinical transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingming Song
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yulin Yue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Asthma: Friends or Foes? Cells 2022; 11:cells11213521. [PMID: 36359917 PMCID: PMC9654069 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by variable airflow limitation and airway hyperresponsiveness. A plethora of immune and structural cells are involved in asthma pathogenesis. The roles of neutrophils and their mediators in different asthma phenotypes are largely unknown. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are net-like structures composed of DNA scaffolds, histones and granular proteins released by activated neutrophils. NETs were originally described as a process to entrap and kill a variety of microorganisms. NET formation can be achieved through a cell-death process, termed NETosis, or in association with the release of DNA from viable neutrophils. NETs can also promote the resolution of inflammation by degrading cytokines and chemokines. NETs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various non-infectious conditions, including autoimmunity, cancer and even allergic disorders. Putative surrogate NET biomarkers (e.g., double-strand DNA (dsDNA), myeloperoxidase-DNA (MPO-DNA), and citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3)) have been found in different sites/fluids of patients with asthma. Targeting NETs has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy in several diseases. However, different NETs and NET components may have alternate, even opposite, consequences on inflammation. Here we review recent findings emphasizing the pathogenic and therapeutic potential of NETs in asthma.
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang Y, Li X, Xu J, Zhou Q. A complete blood count-based multivariate model for predicting the recovery of patients with moderate COVID-19: a retrospective study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18262. [PMID: 36309538 PMCID: PMC9617603 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23285-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Many resource-limited countries need an efficient and convenient method to assess disease progression in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study developed and validated a complete blood count-based multivariate model for predicting the recovery of patients with moderate COVID-19. We collected the clinical data and laboratory test results of 86 patients with moderate COVID-19. These data were categorized into two subgroups depending on the laboratory test time. Univariate logistic regression and covariance diagnosis were used to screen for independent factors, and multifactorial logistic regression was used for model building. Data from 38 patients at another hospital were collected for external verification of the model. Basophils (OR 6.372; 95% CI 3.284-12.363), mean corpuscular volume (OR 1.244; 95% CI 1.088-1.422), red blood cell distribution width (OR 2.585; 95% CI 1.261-5.297), and platelet distribution width (OR 1.559; 95% CI 1.154-2.108) could be combined to predict recovery of patients with moderate COVID-19. The ROC curve showed that the model has good discrimination. The calibration curve showed that the model was well-fitted. The DCA showed that the model is clinically useful. Small increases in the above parameters within the normal range suggest an improvement in patients with moderate COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Wang
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Xuewen Li
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Jiancheng Xu
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Qi Zhou
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021 China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ligi D, Giglio RV, Henry BM, Lippi G, Ciaccio M, Plebani M, Mannello F. What is the impact of circulating histones in COVID-19: a systematic review. Clin Chem Lab Med 2022; 60:1506-1517. [PMID: 35852070 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
The infectious respiratory condition COVID-19 manifests a clinical course ranging from mild/moderate up-to critical systemic dysfunction and death linked to thromboinflammation. During COVID-19 infection, neutrophil extracellular traps participating in cytokine storm and coagulation dysfunction have emerged as diagnostic/prognostic markers. The characterization of NET identified that mainly histones, have the potential to initiate and propagate inflammatory storm and thrombosis, leading to increased disease severity and decreased patient survival. Baseline assessment and serial monitoring of blood histone concentration may be conceivably useful in COVID-19. We performed a literature review to explore the association among increased circulating levels of histones, disease severity/mortality in COVID-19 patients, and comparison of histone values between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients. We carried out an electronic search in Medline and Scopus, using the keywords "COVID-19" OR "SARS-CoV-2" AND "histone" OR "citrullinated histones" OR "hyperhistonemia", between 2019 and present time (i.e., June 07th, 2022), which allowed to select 17 studies, totaling 1,846 subjects. We found that substantially elevated histone values were consistently present in all COVID-19 patients who developed unfavorable clinical outcomes. These findings suggest that blood histone monitoring upon admission and throughout hospitalization may be useful for early identification of higher risk of unfavorable COVID-19 progression. Therapeutic decisions in patients with SARS-CoV-2 based on the use of histone cut-off values may be driven by drugs engaging histones, finally leading to the limitation of cytotoxic, inflammatory, and thrombotic effects of circulating histones in viral sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ligi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences-DISB, Section of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Rosaria Vincenza Giglio
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics - BiND, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Brandon M Henry
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Ohio, OH, USA
- IFCC Working Group on SARS-CoV-2 Variants, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
- IFCC Task Force on COVID-19, Verona, Italy
| | - Marcello Ciaccio
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics - BiND, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Plebani
- IFCC Working Group on SARS-CoV-2 Variants, Milan, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Mannello
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences-DISB, Section of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Unit of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bronkhorst AJ, Ungerer V, Oberhofer A, Gabriel S, Polatoglou E, Randeu H, Uhlig C, Pfister H, Mayer Z, Holdenrieder S. New Perspectives on the Importance of Cell-Free DNA Biology. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:2147. [PMID: 36140548 PMCID: PMC9497998 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12092147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Body fluids are constantly replenished with a population of genetically diverse cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragments, representing a vast reservoir of information reflecting real-time changes in the host and metagenome. As many body fluids can be collected non-invasively in a one-off and serial fashion, this reservoir can be tapped to develop assays for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of wide-ranging pathologies, such as solid tumors, fetal genetic abnormalities, rejected organ transplants, infections, and potentially many others. The translation of cfDNA research into useful clinical tests is gaining momentum, with recent progress being driven by rapidly evolving preanalytical and analytical procedures, integrated bioinformatics, and machine learning algorithms. Yet, despite these spectacular advances, cfDNA remains a very challenging analyte due to its immense heterogeneity and fluctuation in vivo. It is increasingly recognized that high-fidelity reconstruction of the information stored in cfDNA, and in turn the development of tests that are fit for clinical roll-out, requires a much deeper understanding of both the physico-chemical features of cfDNA and the biological, physiological, lifestyle, and environmental factors that modulate it. This is a daunting task, but with significant upsides. In this review we showed how expanded knowledge on cfDNA biology and faithful reverse-engineering of cfDNA samples promises to (i) augment the sensitivity and specificity of existing cfDNA assays; (ii) expand the repertoire of disease-specific cfDNA markers, thereby leading to the development of increasingly powerful assays; (iii) reshape personal molecular medicine; and (iv) have an unprecedented impact on genetics research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abel J. Bronkhorst
- Munich Biomarker Research Center, Institute for Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Centre, Technical University Munich, Lazarettstraße 36, D-80636 Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefan Holdenrieder
- Munich Biomarker Research Center, Institute for Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Centre, Technical University Munich, Lazarettstraße 36, D-80636 Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liang C, Lian N, Li M. The emerging role of neutrophil extracellular traps in fungal infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:900895. [PMID: 36034717 PMCID: PMC9411525 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.900895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections are global public health problems and can lead to substantial human morbidity and mortality. Current antifungal therapy is not satisfactory, especially for invasive, life-threatening fungal infections. Modulating the antifungal capacity of the host immune system is a feasible way to combat fungal infections. Neutrophils are key components of the innate immune system that resist fungal pathogens by releasing reticular extracellular structures called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). When compared with phagocytosis and oxidative burst, NETs show better capability in terms of trapping large pathogens, such as fungi. This review will summarize interactions between fungal pathogens and NETs. Molecular mechanisms of fungi-induced NETs formation and defensive strategies used by fungi are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuting Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Dermatology, Nanjing, China
| | - Ni Lian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Dermatology, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Dermatology, Nanjing, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Min Li,
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mamtimin M, Pinarci A, Han C, Braun A, Anders HJ, Gudermann T, Mammadova-Bach E. Extracellular DNA Traps: Origin, Function and Implications for Anti-Cancer Therapies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:869706. [PMID: 35574410 PMCID: PMC9092261 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.869706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular DNA may serve as marker in liquid biopsies to determine individual diagnosis and prognosis in cancer patients. Cell death or active release from various cell types, including immune cells can result in the release of DNA into the extracellular milieu. Neutrophils are important components of the innate immune system, controlling pathogens through phagocytosis and/or the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs also promote tumor progression and metastasis, by modulating angiogenesis, anti-tumor immunity, blood clotting and inflammation and providing a supportive niche for metastasizing cancer cells. Besides neutrophils, other immune cells such as eosinophils, dendritic cells, monocytes/macrophages, mast cells, basophils and lymphocytes can also form extracellular traps (ETs) during cancer progression, indicating possible multiple origins of extracellular DNA in cancer. In this review, we summarize the pathomechanisms of ET formation generated by different cell types, and analyze these processes in the context of cancer. We also critically discuss potential ET-inhibiting agents, which may open new therapeutic strategies for cancer prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Medina Mamtimin
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Akif Pinarci
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Chao Han
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Attila Braun
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Elmina Mammadova-Bach
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wohlsein JC, Meurer M, Neßler J, Wohlsein P, von Köckritz-Blickwede M, Baumgärtner W, Tipold A. Detection of Extracellular Traps in Canine Steroid-Responsive Meningitis-Arteritis. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:863579. [PMID: 35591872 PMCID: PMC9111528 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.863579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular traps (ETs) are DNA networks formed by immune cells to fight infectious diseases by catching and attacking pathogenic microorganisms. Uncontrolled ET formation or impaired ET clearance can cause tissue and organ damage. Steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis (SRMA) represents an immune-mediated, presumably non-infectious, purulent leptomeningitis and fibrinoid-necrotizing arteritis and periarteritis of young-adult dogs. Chronic and recurrent cases of SRMA are characterized by lymphohistiocytic inflammatory cell infiltration in the meninges and perivascular tissue. This study aimed to identify extracellular traps in dogs with SRMA, a model for immune-mediated diseases in the central nervous system (CNS). Hematoxylin and eosin-stained samples of two young dogs with chronic, recurrent SRMA were examined by light microscopy for characteristic lesions and consecutive slices of affected tissues were stained for detection of ETs by immunofluorescence microscopy using antibodies against DNA–histone-1 complexes, myeloperoxidase, and citrullinated histone H3. Histology revealed purulent and lymphohistiocytic leptomeningitis (n = 2/2) with meningeal periarteritis (n = 2/2) and periadrenal located lymphohistiocytic periarteritis (n = 1). Extracellular DNA networks and inflammatory cell infiltrates of macrophages, neutrophil granulocytes, and lymphocytes were detected in the subarachnoid space of the leptomeninx (n = 2/2) and perivascularly in meningeal (n = 2/2) as well as periadrenal vessels (n = 1/1). In summary, extracellular DNA fibers and attached ET markers are detectable in affected perivascular and meningeal tissues of dogs suffering from SRMA. The proof of principle could be confirmed that ETs are present in canine, inflammatory, and non-infectious CNS diseases and possibly play a role in the pathogenesis of SRMA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan C. Wohlsein
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jan C. Wohlsein
| | - Marita Meurer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- Research Center of Emerging Diseases and Zoonosis, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jasmin Neßler
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Wohlsein
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- Research Center of Emerging Diseases and Zoonosis, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrea Tipold
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Role of macrophage extracellular traps in innate immunity and inflammatory disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:21-32. [PMID: 35191493 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play an integral role in initiating innate immune defences and regulating inflammation. They are also involved in maintaining homeostasis and the resolution of inflammation, by promoting tissue repair and wound healing. There is evidence that like neutrophils, macrophages can release extracellular traps following exposure to a range of pathogenic and pro-inflammatory stimuli. Extracellular traps are released by a specialised cell death pathway termed 'ETosis', and consist of a backbone of DNA and histones decorated with a range of other proteins. The composition of extracellular trap proteins can be influenced by both the cell type and the local environment in which the traps are released. In many cases, these proteins have an antimicrobial role and assist with pathogen killing. Therefore, the release of extracellular traps serves as a means to both immobilise and destroy invading pathogens. In addition to their protective role, extracellular traps are also implicated in disease pathology. The release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is causally linked to the development of wide range of human diseases. However, whether macrophage extracellular traps (METs) play a similar role in disease pathology is less well established. Moreover, macrophages are also involved in the clearance of extracellular traps, which could assist in the resolution of tissue damage associated with the presence of extracellular traps. In this review, we will provide an overview of the pathways responsible for macrophage extracellular trap release, and discuss the role of these structures in innate immunity and disease pathology and possible therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
24
|
Paivandy A, Akula S, Lara S, Fu Z, Olsson AK, Kleinau S, Pejler G, Hellman L. Quantitative In-Depth Transcriptome Analysis Implicates Peritoneal Macrophages as Important Players in the Complement and Coagulation Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031185. [PMID: 35163105 PMCID: PMC8835655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To obtain a more detailed picture of macrophage (MΦ) biology, in the current study, we analyzed the transcriptome of mouse peritoneal MΦs by RNA-seq and PCR-based transcriptomics. The results show that peritoneal MΦs, based on mRNA content, under non-inflammatory conditions produce large amounts of a number of antimicrobial proteins such as lysozyme and several complement components. They were also found to be potent producers of several chemokines, including platelet factor 4 (PF4), Ccl6, Ccl9, Cxcl13, and Ccl24, and to express high levels of both TGF-β1 and TGF-β2. The liver is considered to be the main producer of most complement and coagulation components. However, we can now show that MΦs are also important sources of such compounds including C1qA, C1qB, C1qC, properdin, C4a, factor H, ficolin, and coagulation factor FV. In addition, FX, FVII, and complement factor B were expressed by the MΦs, altogether indicating that MΦs are important local players in both the complement and coagulation systems. For comparison, we analyzed human peripheral blood monocytes. We show that the human monocytes shared many characteristics with the mouse peritoneal MΦs but that there were also many major differences. Similar to the mouse peritoneal MΦs, the most highly expressed transcript in the monocytes was lysozyme, and high levels of both properdin and ficolin were observed. However, with regard to connective tissue components, such as fibronectin, lubricin, syndecan 3, and extracellular matrix protein 1, which were highly expressed by the peritoneal MΦs, the monocytes almost totally lacked transcripts. In contrast, monocytes expressed high levels of MHC Class II, whereas the peritoneal MΦs showed very low levels of these antigen-presenting molecules. Altogether, the present study provides a novel view of the phenotype of the major MΦ subpopulation in the mouse peritoneum and the large peritoneal MΦs and places the transcriptome profile of the peritoneal MΦs in a broader context, including a comparison of the peritoneal MΦ transcriptome with that of human peripheral blood monocytes and the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aida Paivandy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, The Biomedical Center, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.P.); (A.-K.O.); (G.P.)
| | - Srinivas Akula
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, The Biomedical Center, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.A.); (S.L.); (Z.F.); (S.K.)
| | - Sandra Lara
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, The Biomedical Center, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.A.); (S.L.); (Z.F.); (S.K.)
| | - Zhirong Fu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, The Biomedical Center, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.A.); (S.L.); (Z.F.); (S.K.)
| | - Anna-Karin Olsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, The Biomedical Center, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.P.); (A.-K.O.); (G.P.)
| | - Sandra Kleinau
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, The Biomedical Center, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.A.); (S.L.); (Z.F.); (S.K.)
| | - Gunnar Pejler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, The Biomedical Center, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.P.); (A.-K.O.); (G.P.)
| | - Lars Hellman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, The Biomedical Center, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.A.); (S.L.); (Z.F.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-(0)18-471-4532; Fax: +46-(0)18-471-4862
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Weng W, Hu Z, Pan Y. Macrophage Extracellular Traps: Current Opinions and the State of Research regarding Various Diseases. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:7050807. [PMID: 35036449 PMCID: PMC8759907 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7050807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are an important component of the human immune system and play a key role in the immune response, which can protect the body against infection and regulate the development of tissue inflammation. Some studies found that macrophages can produce extracellular traps (ETs) under various conditions of stimulation. ETs are web-like structures that consist of proteins and DNA. ETs are thought to immobilize and kill microorganisms, as well as play an important role in tissue damage, inflammatory progression, and autoimmune diseases. In this review, the structure, identification, mechanism, and research progress of macrophage extracellular traps (METs) in related diseases are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weizhen Weng
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zuoyu Hu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yunfeng Pan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
De Gaetano A, Solodka K, Zanini G, Selleri V, Mattioli AV, Nasi M, Pinti M. Molecular Mechanisms of mtDNA-Mediated Inflammation. Cells 2021; 10:2898. [PMID: 34831121 PMCID: PMC8616383 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides their role in cell metabolism, mitochondria display many other functions. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), the own genome of the organelle, plays an important role in modulating the inflammatory immune response. When released from the mitochondrion to the cytosol, mtDNA is recognized by cGAS, a cGAMP which activates a pathway leading to enhanced expression of type I interferons, and by NLRP3 inflammasome, which promotes the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines Interleukin-1beta and Interleukin-18. Furthermore, mtDNA can be bound by Toll-like receptor 9 in the endosome and activate a pathway that ultimately leads to the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. mtDNA is released in the extracellular space in different forms (free DNA, protein-bound DNA fragments) either as free circulating molecules or encapsulated in extracellular vesicles. In this review, we discussed the latest findings concerning the molecular mechanisms that regulate the release of mtDNA from mitochondria, and the mechanisms that connect mtDNA misplacement to the activation of inflammation in different pathophysiological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna De Gaetano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.D.G.); (K.S.); (G.Z.); (V.S.)
- National Institute for Cardiovascular Research-INRC, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Kateryna Solodka
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.D.G.); (K.S.); (G.Z.); (V.S.)
| | - Giada Zanini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.D.G.); (K.S.); (G.Z.); (V.S.)
| | - Valentina Selleri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.D.G.); (K.S.); (G.Z.); (V.S.)
| | - Anna Vittoria Mattioli
- National Institute for Cardiovascular Research-INRC, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Milena Nasi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Marcello Pinti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.D.G.); (K.S.); (G.Z.); (V.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Basophils and Mast Cells in COVID-19 Pathogenesis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102754. [PMID: 34685733 PMCID: PMC8534912 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Basophils and mast cells are among the principal inducers of Th2 responses and have a crucial role in allergic and anti-parasitic protective immunity. Basophils can function as antigen-presenting cells that bind antigens on their surface and boost humoral immune responses, inducing Th2 cell differentiation. Their depletion results in lower humoral memory activation and greater infection susceptibility. Basophils seem to have an active role upon immune response to SARS-CoV-2. In fact, a coordinate adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is magnified by basophils. It has been observed that basophil amount is lower during acute disease with respect to the recovery phase and that the grade of this depletion is an important determinant of the antibody response to the virus. Moreover, mast cells, present in a great quantity in the nasal epithelial and lung cells, participate in the first immune response to SARS-CoV-2. Their activation results in a hyperinflammatory syndrome through the release of inflammatory molecules, participating to the “cytokine storm” and, in a longer period, inducing pulmonary fibrosis. The literature data suggest that basophil counts may be a useful prognostic tool for COVID-19, since their reduction is associated with a worse prognosis. Mast cells, on the other hand, represent a possible therapeutic target for reducing the airway inflammation characteristic of the hyperacute phase of the disease.
Collapse
|