1
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Nguyen AT, Kim HK. Recent Progress in Synthesis of 99mTc-labeled Complexes with Nitroimidazoles as SPECT Probes for Targeting Tumor Hypoxia. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 58:258-278. [PMID: 39036459 PMCID: PMC11255181 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-024-00860-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The majority of solid tumors have hypoxia, or low oxygen levels, which is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Hypoxia was found to relate to cancer metastases and resistance to therapies, therefore, detection of hypoxia plays an important role in the process of cancer prognosis and treatment. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is a non-invasive imaging technique using gamma-emitting radiopharmaceuticals to visualize biological activities within the body. SPECT is also applied for the detection of tumor hypoxia with the development of hypoxia-targeting radiopharmaceuticals. Radiopharmaceuticals containing nitroimidazole moieties have received increasing attention due to their bio-reducible characteristics which make the radiopharmaceuticals accumulate in the hypoxia regions. This review summarizes the recent development of 99mTc-labeled radiopharmaceuticals bearing nitroimidazoles for SPECT imaging of tumor hypoxia including the synthetic methods and results of animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Thu Nguyen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, 54907 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kwon Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, 54907 Republic of Korea
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2
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Anichina K, Lumov N, Bakov V, Yancheva D, Georgiev N. Recent Advances in the Application of Nitro(het)aromatic Compounds for Treating and/or Fluorescent Imaging of Tumor Hypoxia. Molecules 2024; 29:3475. [PMID: 39124883 PMCID: PMC11314162 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This review delves into recent advancements in the field of nitro(het)aromatic bioreductive agents tailored for hypoxic environments. These compounds are designed to exploit the low-oxygen conditions typically found in solid tumors, making them promising candidates for targeted cancer therapies. Initially, this review focused on their role as gene-directed enzyme prodrugs, which are inert until activated by specific enzymes within tumor cells. Upon activation, these prodrugs undergo chemical transformations that convert them into potent cytotoxic agents, selectively targeting cancerous tissue while sparing healthy cells. Additionally, this review discusses recent developments in prodrug conjugates containing nitro(het)aromatic moieties, designed to activate under low-oxygen conditions within tumors. This approach enhances their efficacy and specificity in cancer treatment. Furthermore, this review covers innovative research on using nitro(het)aromatic compounds as fluorescent probes for imaging hypoxic tumors. These probes enable non-invasive visualization of low-oxygen regions within tumors, providing valuable insights for the diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring of therapeutic responses. We hope this review will inspire researchers to design and synthesize improved compounds for selective cancer treatment and early diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kameliya Anichina
- Department of Organic Synthesis, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Ohridski Blvd., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria; (K.A.); (N.L.); (V.B.); (D.Y.)
| | - Nikolay Lumov
- Department of Organic Synthesis, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Ohridski Blvd., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria; (K.A.); (N.L.); (V.B.); (D.Y.)
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str. Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ventsislav Bakov
- Department of Organic Synthesis, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Ohridski Blvd., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria; (K.A.); (N.L.); (V.B.); (D.Y.)
| | - Denitsa Yancheva
- Department of Organic Synthesis, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Ohridski Blvd., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria; (K.A.); (N.L.); (V.B.); (D.Y.)
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str. Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolai Georgiev
- Department of Organic Synthesis, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Ohridski Blvd., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria; (K.A.); (N.L.); (V.B.); (D.Y.)
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3
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Yang YJ, Jung YL, Shil A, Sarkar S, Ahn KH. Nitroreductase-Triggered Fluorophore Labeling of Cells and Tissues under Hypoxia. Anal Chem 2024; 96:11318-11325. [PMID: 38940602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Several reductases, including nitroreductase, are upregulated under hypoxic conditions characterized by an oxygen-deficient microenvironment. Given that hypoxia is a prominent feature of solid tumors, our investigation focused on developing a bioconjugative probe designed for staining tissue under hypoxic conditions, particularly activated by nitroreductase. This probe, developed using our trigger-release-bioconjugation system rooted in the ortho-quinone methide chemistry, exhibited selective activation by nitroreductase and fluorophore labeling within mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. As a result, it displayed sustained fluorescence that persisted even after washing steps in cells and tissues. We applied this innovative probe to stain mouse kidney tissue in an acute kidney injury model induced by inadequate oxygen supply. Among various organ tissues examined, only kidney tissue showed significantly higher fluorescence in the injury model compared with the control tissue, as revealed by two-photon microscopic imaging. This research presents a promising avenue for the development of practical staining agents for image-guided tumor surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jae Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Yun Lim Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Anushree Shil
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Sourav Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Kyo Han Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
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4
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Mpekris F, Panagi M, Charalambous A, Voutouri C, Stylianopoulos T. Modulating cancer mechanopathology to restore vascular function and enhance immunotherapy. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101626. [PMID: 38944037 PMCID: PMC11293360 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Solid tumor pathology, characterized by abnormalities in the tumor microenvironment (TME), challenges therapeutic effectiveness. Mechanical factors, including increased tumor stiffness and accumulation of intratumoral forces, can determine the success of cancer treatments, defining the tumor's "mechanopathology" profile. These abnormalities cause extensive vascular compression, leading to hypoperfusion and hypoxia. Hypoperfusion hinders drug delivery, while hypoxia creates an unfavorable TME, promoting tumor progression through immunosuppression, heightened metastatic potential, drug resistance, and chaotic angiogenesis. Strategies targeting TME mechanopathology, such as vascular and stroma normalization, hold promise in enhancing cancer therapies with some already advancing to the clinic. Normalization can be achieved using anti-angiogenic agents, mechanotherapeutics, immune checkpoint inhibitors, engineered bacterial therapeutics, metronomic nanomedicine, and ultrasound sonopermeation. Here, we review the methods developed to rectify tumor mechanopathology, which have even led to cures in preclinical models, and discuss their bench-to-bedside translation, including the derivation of biomarkers from tumor mechanopathology for personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotios Mpekris
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Myrofora Panagi
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Antonia Charalambous
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Chrysovalantis Voutouri
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Triantafyllos Stylianopoulos
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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5
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Ye M, Lu F, Gu D, Xue B, Xu L, Hu C, Chen J, Yu P, Zheng H, Gao Y, Wang J, Tang Q. Hypoxia exosome derived CEACAM5 promotes tumor-associated macrophages M2 polarization to accelerate pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors metastasis via MMP9. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23762. [PMID: 38923643 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302489rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes play significant roles in the communications between tumor cells and tumor microenvironment. However, the specific mechanisms by which exosomes modulate tumor development under hypoxia in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) are not well understood. This study aims to investigate these mechanisms and made several important discoveries. We found that hypoxic exosomes derived from pNETs cells can activate tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) to the M2 phenotype, in turn, the M2-polarized TAM, facilitate the migration and invasion of pNETs cells. Further investigation revealed that CEACAM5, a protein highly expressed in hypoxic pNETs cells, is enriched in hypoxic pNETs cell-derived exosomes. Hypoxic exosomal CEACAM5 was observed to induce M2 polarization of TAM through activation of the MAPK signaling pathway. Coculturing pNETs cells with TAM or treated with hypoxic exosomes enhanced the metastatic capacity of pNETs cells. In conclusion, these findings suggest that pNETs cells generate CEACAM5-rich exosomes in a hypoxic microenvironment, which in turn polarize TAM promote malignant invasion of pNETs cells. Targeting exosomal CEACAM5 could potentially serve as a diagnostic and therapeutic strategy for pNETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujie Ye
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Neuroendocrine Tumor Center, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Institute of Neuroendocrine Tumor, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feiyu Lu
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Neuroendocrine Tumor Center, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Institute of Neuroendocrine Tumor, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Danyang Gu
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Neuroendocrine Tumor Center, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Institute of Neuroendocrine Tumor, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingyan Xue
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Neuroendocrine Tumor Center, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Institute of Neuroendocrine Tumor, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Neuroendocrine Tumor Center, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Institute of Neuroendocrine Tumor, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuanhua Hu
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Neuroendocrine Tumor Center, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Institute of Neuroendocrine Tumor, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinhao Chen
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Neuroendocrine Tumor Center, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Institute of Neuroendocrine Tumor, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Neuroendocrine Tumor Center, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Institute of Neuroendocrine Tumor, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongxia Zheng
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Neuroendocrine Tumor Center, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Institute of Neuroendocrine Tumor, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Neuroendocrine Tumor Center, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Institute of Neuroendocrine Tumor, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yancheng No.1 People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Yancheng, China
| | - Qiyun Tang
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Neuroendocrine Tumor Center, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Institute of Neuroendocrine Tumor, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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6
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Dai T, Rich LJ, Seshadri M, Dasgupta S. Protocol to detect and quantify tumor hypoxia in mice using photoacoustic imaging. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102993. [PMID: 38568814 PMCID: PMC10999710 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) with co-registered ultrasound (US) is a hybrid non-invasive imaging modality that enables visualization and quantification of tumor hypoxia in live animals. Here, using a breast tumor xenograft model as an example, we present a stepwise protocol describing animal preparation, positioning, instrument setup, and US-PAI image acquisition procedures. This protocol also guides through detailed data analysis, explains functional readouts obtained from PAI, and discusses the potential application of the technology to study the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Dai et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Dai
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Laurie J Rich
- FUJIFILM VisualSonics, Inc, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Oral Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Mukund Seshadri
- Department of Oral Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Subhamoy Dasgupta
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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McDonald RC, Fischer AH, Rusckowski M. Oxygen Sensor-Guided Fine Needle Biopsy Studies of Human Cancer Xenografts in Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.27.596060. [PMID: 38854036 PMCID: PMC11160627 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.27.596060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
An oxygen sensor-mounted fine-needle biopsy tool was used for in vivo measurement of oxygen levels in tumor xenografts. The system provides a means of measuring the oxygen content in harvested tumor tissue from specific locations. Oxygen in human tumor xenografts in a murine model was observed for over 1 min. Tissues were mapped in relation to oxygen tension (pO2) readings and sampled for conventional cytological examination. Careful modeling of the pO2 readings over 60 seconds yielded a diffusion coefficient for oxygen at the sensor tip, providing additional diagnostic information about the tissue before sampling. Oxygen level measurement may provide a useful adjunct to the use of biomarkers in tumor diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mary Rusckowski
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Associate Professor, Department of Radiology
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Daimiel Naranjo I, Bhowmik A, Basukala D, Lo Gullo R, Mazaheri Y, Kapetas P, Eskreis-Winkler S, Pinker K, Thakur SB. Assessment of Hypoxia in Breast Cancer: Emerging Functional MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques and Clinical Applications. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024. [PMID: 38703143 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent forms of cancer affecting women worldwide. Hypoxia, a condition characterized by insufficient oxygen supply in tumor tissues, is closely associated with tumor aggressiveness, resistance to therapy, and poor clinical outcomes. Accurate assessment of tumor hypoxia can guide treatment decisions, predict therapy response, and contribute to the development of targeted therapeutic interventions. Over the years, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) techniques have emerged as promising noninvasive imaging options for evaluating hypoxia in cancer. Such techniques include blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) MRI, oxygen-enhanced MRI (OE) MRI, chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI, and proton MRS (1H-MRS). These may help overcome the limitations of the routinely used dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) techniques, contributing to better diagnosis and understanding of the biological features of breast cancer. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the emerging functional MRI and MRS techniques for assessing hypoxia in breast cancer, along with their evolving clinical applications. The integration of these techniques in clinical practice holds promising implications for breast cancer management. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 5 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Daimiel Naranjo
- Department of Radiology, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arka Bhowmik
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dibash Basukala
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Center for Biomedical Imaging, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Roberto Lo Gullo
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yousef Mazaheri
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Panagiotis Kapetas
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Eskreis-Winkler
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Katja Pinker
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sunitha B Thakur
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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9
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Possenti L, Vitullo P, Cicchetti A, Zunino P, Rancati T. Modeling hypoxia-induced radiation resistance and the impact of radiation sources. Comput Biol Med 2024; 173:108334. [PMID: 38520919 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxia contributes significantly to resistance in radiotherapy. Our research rigorously examines the influence of microvascular morphology on radiotherapy outcome, specifically focusing on how microvasculature shapes hypoxia within the microenvironment and affects resistance to a standard treatment regimen (30×2GyRBE). Our computational modeling extends to the effects of different radiation sources. For photons and protons, our analysis establishes a clear correlation between hypoxic volume distribution and treatment effectiveness, with vascular density and regularity playing a crucial role in treatment success. On the contrary, carbon ions exhibit distinct effectiveness, even in areas of intense hypoxia and poor vascularization. This finding points to the potential of carbon-based hadron therapy in overcoming hypoxia-induced resistance to RT. Considering that the spatial scale analyzed in this study is closely aligned with that of imaging data voxels, we also address the implications of these findings in a clinical context envisioning the possibility of detecting subvoxel hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Possenti
- Data Science Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, Milan, 20133, Italy.
| | - Piermario Vitullo
- MOX, Department of Mathematics, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza Da Vinci 32, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cicchetti
- Data Science Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Paolo Zunino
- MOX, Department of Mathematics, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza Da Vinci 32, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Tiziana Rancati
- Data Science Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, Milan, 20133, Italy
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Ermini E, Brai A, Cini E, Finetti F, Giannini G, Padula D, Paradisi L, Poggialini F, Trabalzini L, Tolu P, Taddei M. A novel bioresponsive self-immolative spacer based on aza-quinone methide reactivity for the controlled release of thiols, phenols, amines, sulfonamides or amides. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6168-6177. [PMID: 38665538 PMCID: PMC11041255 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01576b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A stimuli-sensitive linker is one of the indispensable components of prodrugs for cancer therapy as it covalently binds the drug and releases it upon external stimulation at the tumour site. Quinone methide elimination has been widely used as the key transformation to release drugs based on their nucleofugacity. The usual approach is to bind the drug to the linker as a carbamate and release it as a free amine after a self-immolative 1,6-elimination. Although this approach is very efficient, it is limited to amines (as carbamates), alcohols or phenols (as carbonates) or other acidic functional groups. We report here a self-immolative spacer capable of directly linking and releasing amines, phenols, thiols, sulfonamides and carboxyamides after a reductive stimulus. The spacer is based on the structure of (5-nitro-2-pyrrolyl)methanol (NPYM-OH), which was used for the direct alkylation of the functional groups mentioned above. The spacer is metabolically stable and has three indispensable sites for bioconjugation: the bioresponsive trigger, the conjugated 1,6 self-immolative system and a third arm suitable for conjugation with a carrier or other modifiers. Release was achieved by selective reduction of the nitro group over Fe/Pd nanoparticles (NPs) in a micellar aqueous environment (H2O/TPGS-750-M), or by NADH mediated nitroreductase activation. A DFT study demonstrates that, during the 1,6 elimination, the transition state formed from 5-aminopyrrole has a lower activation energy compared to other 5-membered heterocycles or p-aminobenzyl derivatives. The NPYM scaffold was validated by late-stage functionalisation of approved drugs such as celecoxib, colchicine, vorinostat or ciprofloxacin. A hypoxia-activated NPYM-based prodrug (HAP) derived from HDAC inhibitor ST7612AA1 was also produced, which was active in cancer cells under hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ermini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena Via A. Moro 2 53100 Siena Italy
| | - Annalaura Brai
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena Via A. Moro 2 53100 Siena Italy
| | - Elena Cini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena Via A. Moro 2 53100 Siena Italy
| | - Federica Finetti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena Via A. Moro 2 53100 Siena Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giannini
- Translational Medicine & Clinical Pharmacology Corporate R&D - Alfasigma SpA Via Pontina, km 30400 00071 Pomezia (Roma) Italy
| | - Daniele Padula
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena Via A. Moro 2 53100 Siena Italy
| | - Lucrezia Paradisi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena Via A. Moro 2 53100 Siena Italy
| | - Federica Poggialini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena Via A. Moro 2 53100 Siena Italy
| | - Lorenza Trabalzini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena Via A. Moro 2 53100 Siena Italy
| | - Paola Tolu
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena Via A. Moro 2 53100 Siena Italy
| | - Maurizio Taddei
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena Via A. Moro 2 53100 Siena Italy
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11
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Morsby JJ, Zhang Z, Burchett A, Datta M, Smith BD. Ratiometric near-infrared fluorescent probe for nitroreductase activity enables 3D imaging of hypoxic cells within intact tumor spheroids. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3633-3639. [PMID: 38455008 PMCID: PMC10915858 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06058f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent molecular probes that report nitroreductase activity have promise as imaging tools to elucidate the biology of hypoxic cells and report the past hypoxic history of biomedical tissue. This study describes the synthesis and validation of a "first-in-class" ratiometric, hydrophilic near-infrared fluorescent molecular probe for imaging hypoxia-induced nitroreductase activity in 2D cell culture monolayers and 3D multicellular tumor spheroids. The probe's molecular structure is charge-balanced and the change in ratiometric signal is based on Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) from a deep-red, pentamethine cyanine donor dye (Cy5, emits ∼660 nm) to a linked near-infrared, heptamethine cyanine acceptor dye (Cy7, emits ∼780 nm). Enzymatic reduction of a 4-nitrobenzyl group on the Cy7 component induces a large increase in Cy7/Cy5 fluorescence ratio. The deep penetration of near-infrared light enables 3D optical sectioning of intact tumor spheroids, and visualization of individual hypoxic cells (i.e., cells with raised Cy7/Cy5 ratio) as a new way to study tumor spheroids. Beyond preclinical imaging, the near-infrared fluorescent molecular probe has high potential for ratiometric imaging of hypoxic tissue in living subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janeala J Morsby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
| | - Zhumin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
| | - Alice Burchett
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame 145 Multidisciplinary Engineering Research Building, Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
| | - Meenal Datta
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame 145 Multidisciplinary Engineering Research Building, Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
| | - Bradley D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
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12
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Mancini C, Lori G, Pranzini E, Taddei ML. Metabolic challengers selecting tumor-persistent cells. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35:263-276. [PMID: 38071164 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Resistance to anticancer therapy still represents one of the main obstacles to cancer treatment. Numerous components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) contribute significantly to the acquisition of drug resistance. Microenvironmental pressures arising during cancer evolution foster tumor heterogeneity (TH) and facilitate the emergence of drug-resistant clones. In particular, metabolic pressures arising in the TME may favor epigenetic adaptations supporting the acquisition of persistence features in tumor cells. Tumor-persistent cells (TPCs) are characterized by high phenotypic and metabolic plasticity, representing a noticeable advantage in chemo- and radio-resistance. Understanding the crosslink between the evolution of metabolic pressures in the TME, epigenetics, and TPC evolution is significant for developing novel therapeutic strategies specifically targeting TPC vulnerabilities to overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Mancini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Lori
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Erica Pranzini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Maria Letizia Taddei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy.
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13
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Villalobos A, Lee J, Westergaard SA, Kokabi N. Impact of Hypoxia on Radiation-Based Therapies for Liver Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:876. [PMID: 38473237 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypoxia, a state of low oxygen level within a tissue, is often present in primary and secondary liver tumors. At the molecular level, the tumor cells' response to hypoxic stress induces proteomic and genomic changes which are largely regulated by proteins called hypoxia-induced factors (HIF). These proteins have been found to drive tumor progression and cause resistance to drug- and radiation-based therapies, ultimately contributing to a tumor's poor prognosis. Several imaging modalities have been developed to visualize tissue hypoxia, providing insight into a tumor's microbiology. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Google Scholar for all reports related to hypoxia on liver tumors. All relevant studies were summarized. Results: This review will focus on the impact of hypoxia on liver tumors and review PET-, MRI-, and SPECT-based imaging modalities that have been developed to predict and assess a tumor's response to radiation therapy, with a focus on liver cancers. Conclusion: While there are numerous studies that have evaluated the impact of hypoxia on tumor outcomes, there remains a relative paucity of data evaluating and quantifying hypoxia within the liver. Novel and developing non-invasive imaging techniques able to provide functional and physiological information on tumor hypoxia within the liver may be able to assist in the treatment planning of primary and metastatic liver lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Villalobos
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Jean Lee
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Nima Kokabi
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
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14
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Mi S, Cai S, Xue M, Wu W. HIF-1α/METTL1/m 7G axis is involved in CRC response to hypoxia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 693:149385. [PMID: 38118310 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, many studies have confirmed that hypoxia and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α drive the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). HIF-1α also modulates epitranscriptomic remodeling to regulate cancer development. However, the mechanism by which RNA methylation is altered under hypoxic conditions and the underlying regulatory mechanisms in CRC remain unclear. METHODS Here, seven common types of modifications of mRNA and tRNA were quantitated using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. To validate the robustness of the profiling data, modifications that were consistently altered across the three CRC cell lines under hypoxia were validated via dot blot analysis. Then, 10 enzymes that could regulate the abundance of three RNA modifications in tRNA were measured in CRC cells after hypoxia treatment using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, the regulatory role of HIF-1α in the expression of methyltransferase 1 (METTL1) under hypoxic conditions was confirmed using METTL1 promoter activity assays and HIF-1α small interfering RNA (siRNA). The binding capacity of HIF-1α to each hypoxia response element (HRE) in the promoter of METTL1 was investigated by performing Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP). RESULTS Abundance of RNA modifications was altered more consistently and significantly in tRNA than in mRNA under hypoxic conditions. In addition, the abundance of N7-methyleguanosine (m7G) modification in tRNA decreased significantly under hypoxic conditions. As a methyltransferase of the m7G modification in tRNA, the expression of METTL1 mRNA was drastically downregulated under hypoxic conditions. Mechanistically, suppression of HIF-1α by siRNA upregulated the METTL1 promoter activity. Furthermore, ChIP showed that HIF-1α could bind with an HRE in the promoter region of METTL1, indicating that METTL1 is a direct target of HIF-1α in CRC cells under hypoxic conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that the abundance of the m7G modification in tRNA was drastically reduced in CRC cells dependent on the HIF-1α-mediated inhibition of METTL1 transcription under hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Mi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shangwen Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Weiquan Wu
- Cancer Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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15
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Rodriguez-Berriguete G, Puliyadi R, Machado N, Barberis A, Prevo R, McLaughlin M, Buffa FM, Harrington KJ, Higgins GS. Antitumour effect of the mitochondrial complex III inhibitor Atovaquone in combination with anti-PD-L1 therapy in mouse cancer models. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:32. [PMID: 38212297 PMCID: PMC10784292 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06405-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) provides effective and durable responses for several tumour types by unleashing an immune response directed against cancer cells. However, a substantial number of patients treated with ICB develop relapse or do not respond, which has been partly attributed to the immune-suppressive effect of tumour hypoxia. We have previously demonstrated that the mitochondrial complex III inhibitor atovaquone alleviates tumour hypoxia both in human xenografts and in cancer patients by decreasing oxygen consumption and consequently increasing oxygen availability in the tumour. Here, we show that atovaquone alleviates hypoxia and synergises with the ICB antibody anti-PD-L1, significantly improving the rates of tumour eradication in the syngeneic CT26 model of colorectal cancer. The synergistic effect between atovaquone and anti-PD-L1 relied on CD8+ T cells, resulted in the establishment of a tumour-specific memory immune response, and was not associated with any toxicity. We also tested atovaquone in combination with anti-PD-L1 in the LLC (lung) and MC38 (colorectal) cancer syngeneic models but, despite causing a considerable reduction in tumour hypoxia, atovaquone did not add any therapeutic benefit to ICB in these models. These results suggest that atovaquone has the potential to improve the outcomes of patients treated with ICB, but predictive biomarkers are required to identify individuals likely to benefit from this intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rathi Puliyadi
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicole Machado
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Remko Prevo
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Francesca M Buffa
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Computing Sciences, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy
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16
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Yoshihara T. [Imaging of In Vivo Oxygen Tension Based on Phosphorescence Lifetime Microscopy]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2024; 144:275-283. [PMID: 38432937 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.23-00168-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Molecular oxygen plays essential roles in aerobic organisms as a terminal electron acceptor in the electron transport chain in mitochondria. The intracellular oxygen concentration of the entire body is strictly regulated by a balance between the supply of oxygen from blood vessels and the consumption of oxygen in mitochondria. The disruption of oxygen homeostasis in the body often results in serious pathologies such as cancer, cerebral infarction, and chronic kidney disease, and thus considerable effort has been devoted to the development of suitable techniques allowing the qualitative and quantitative detection of tissue oxygen levels. This review focuses on recent advances in the visualization of oxygen levels in tissue based on phosphorescence lifetime measurements using exogenously small molecular oxygen probes. Specially, I introduce the principle of oxygen sensing by means of phosphorescence quenching, recent advances in intracellular and intravascular oxygen probes based on iridium(III) complexes, a system for measuring phosphorescence lifetime combined with confocal scanning microscopy, and the applications of these technologies to in vivo oxygen measurements, emphasizing the usefulness of iridium(III) complexes as biological oxygen probes.
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17
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Weinstein AG, Gilkes DM, Godet I. Mapping the Fate of Hypoxic Cells Using an Irreversible Fluorescent Switch. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2755:49-61. [PMID: 38319568 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3633-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxia has been reported to promote tumor progression and metastasis in murine models, and patients with hypoxic tumors have a worse prognosis. Besides its effect on cancer, normal processes like embryogenesis, or other pathologies such as ischemia, depend on hypoxia-regulated mechanisms. Given the degradable nature of HIF-1/2α in the presence of oxygen, defining the role of hypoxia in modeling biological processes becomes challenging when a cell enters oxygen-rich regions within a tissue. Here, we describe a unique approach to permanently mark cells that experience hypoxia with a fluorescent protein switch that is maintained even after a cell is reoxygenated. This method consists of a dual-viral delivery system that can be transduced into any mammalian cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa G Weinstein
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniele M Gilkes
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Inês Godet
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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18
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Kumar A, Goudar VS, Nahak BK, Tsai PH, Lin HW, Tseng FG. [Ru(dpp) 3 ]Cl 2 -Embedded Oxygen Nano Polymeric Sensors: A Promising Tool for Monitoring Intracellular and Intratumoral Oxygen Gradients with High Quantum Yield and Long Lifetime. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2307955. [PMID: 38148312 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Unraveling the intricacies between oxygen dynamics and cellular processes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) hinges upon precise monitoring of intracellular and intratumoral oxygen levels, which holds paramount significance. The majority of these reported oxygen nanoprobes suffer compromised lifetime and quantum yield when exposed to the robust ROS activities prevalent in TME, limiting their prolonged in vitro usability. Herein, the ruthenium-embedded oxygen nano polymeric sensor (Ru-ONPS) is proposed for precise oxygen gradient monitoring within the cellular environment and TME. Ru-ONPS (≈64±7 nm) incorporates [Ru(dpp)3 ]Cl2 dye into F-127 and crosslinks it with urea and paraformaldehyde, ensuring a prolonged lifetime (5.4 µs), high quantum yield (66.65 ± 2.43% in N2 and 49.80 ± 3.14% in O2 ), superior photostability (>30 min), and excellent stability in diverse environmental conditions. Based on the Stern-Volmer plot, the Ru-ONPS shows complete linearity for a wide dynamic range (0-23 mg L-1 ), with a detection limit of 10 µg mL-1 . Confocal imaging reveals Ru-ONPS cellular uptake and intratumoral distribution. After 72 h, HCT-8 cells show 5.20±1.03% oxygen levels, while NIH3T3 cells have 7.07±1.90%. Co-culture spheroids display declining oxygen levels of 17.90±0.88%, 10.90±0.88%, and 5.10±1.18%, at 48, 120, and 216 h, respectively. Ru-ONPS advances cellular oxygen measurement and facilitates hypoxia-dependent metastatic research and therapeutic target identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan ROC
| | - Venkanagouda S Goudar
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan ROC
| | - Bishal Kumar Nahak
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan ROC
| | - Ping-Hsun Tsai
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan ROC
| | - Hao-Wu Lin
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan ROC
| | - Fan-Gang Tseng
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan ROC
- Institute of Nano Engineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan ROC
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan ROC
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115201, Taiwan ROC
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan ROC
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19
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Abou Khouzam R, Janji B, Thiery J, Zaarour RF, Chamseddine AN, Mayr H, Savagner P, Kieda C, Gad S, Buart S, Lehn JM, Limani P, Chouaib S. Hypoxia as a potential inducer of immune tolerance, tumor plasticity and a driver of tumor mutational burden: Impact on cancer immunotherapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 97:104-123. [PMID: 38029865 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In cancer patients, immune cells are often functionally compromised due to the immunosuppressive features of the tumor microenvironment (TME) which contribute to the failures in cancer therapies. Clinical and experimental evidence indicates that developing tumors adapt to the immunological environment and create a local microenvironment that impairs immune function by inducing immune tolerance and invasion. In this context, microenvironmental hypoxia, which is an established hallmark of solid tumors, significantly contributes to tumor aggressiveness and therapy resistance through the induction of tumor plasticity/heterogeneity and, more importantly, through the differentiation and expansion of immune-suppressive stromal cells. We and others have provided evidence indicating that hypoxia also drives genomic instability in cancer cells and interferes with DNA damage response and repair suggesting that hypoxia could be a potential driver of tumor mutational burden. Here, we reviewed the current knowledge on how hypoxic stress in the TME impacts tumor angiogenesis, heterogeneity, plasticity, and immune resistance, with a special interest in tumor immunogenicity and hypoxia targeting. An integrated understanding of the complexity of the effect of hypoxia on the immune and microenvironmental components could lead to the identification of better adapted and more effective combinational strategies in cancer immunotherapy. Clearly, the discovery and validation of therapeutic targets derived from the hypoxic tumor microenvironment is of major importance and the identification of critical hypoxia-associated pathways could generate targets that are undeniably attractive for combined cancer immunotherapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raefa Abou Khouzam
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Bassam Janji
- Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment (TIME) Group, 6A, rue Nicolas-Ernest Barblé, L-1210 Luxembourg city, Luxembourg.
| | - Jerome Thiery
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France.
| | - Rania Faouzi Zaarour
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Ali N Chamseddine
- Gastroenterology Department, Cochin University Hospital, Université de Paris, APHP, Paris, France; Ambroise Paré - Hartmann Private Hospital Group, Oncology Unit, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France.
| | - Hemma Mayr
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Center, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Surgery & Transplantation, University and University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Pierre Savagner
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France.
| | - Claudine Kieda
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine-National Research Institute, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; Centre for Molecular Biophysics, UPR 4301 CNRS, 45071 Orleans, France; Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-004 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Sophie Gad
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), Paris Sciences Lettres University (PSL), 75014 Paris, France; UMR CNRS 9019, Genome Integrity and Cancers, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, 94800 Villejuif, France.
| | - Stéphanie Buart
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France.
| | - Jean-Marie Lehn
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Perparim Limani
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Center, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Surgery & Transplantation, University and University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Salem Chouaib
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates; INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France.
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20
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Pevná V, Huntošová V. Imaging of heterogeneity in 3D spheroids of U87MG glioblastoma cells and its implications for photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 44:103821. [PMID: 37778715 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, pharmacology and toxicology have emphasised the intention to move from in vivo models to simplified 3D objects represented by spheroidal models of cancer. Mitochondria are one of the subcellular organelles responsible for cell metabolism and are often a lucrative target for cancer treatment including photodynamic therapy (PDT). METHODS Hanging droplet-grown glioblastoma cells were forced to form spheroids with heterogeneous environments that were characterised by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry using fluorescent probes sensitive to oxidative stress and apoptosis. PDT was induced with hypericin at 590 nm. RESULTS It was found that the metabolic activity of the cells in the periphery and core of the spheroid was different. Higher oxidative stress and induction of caspase-3 were observed in the peripheral layers after PDT. These parts were more destabilised and showed higher expression of LC3B, an autophagic marker. However, the response of the whole system to the treatment was controlled by the cells in the core of the spheroids, which were hardly affected by the treatment. It has been shown that the depth of penetration of hypericin into this system is an important limiting step for PDT and the induction of autophagy and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS In this work, we have described the fluorescence imaging of vital mitochondria, caspase-3 production and immunostaining of autophagic LC3B in cells from glioblastoma spheroids before and after PDT. Overall, we can conclude that this model represents an in vitro and in vivo applicable alternative for the study of PDT in solid microtumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktória Pevná
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Jesenná 5, Košice SK-041 54, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Huntošová
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Technology and Innovation Park, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Jesenná 5, Košice SK-041 54, Slovakia; Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 840 05, Slovakia.
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Desai N, Katare P, Makwana V, Salave S, Vora LK, Giri J. Tumor-derived systems as novel biomedical tools-turning the enemy into an ally. Biomater Res 2023; 27:113. [PMID: 37946275 PMCID: PMC10633998 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex illness that presents significant challenges in its understanding and treatment. The classic definition, "a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells in the body," fails to convey the intricate interaction between the many entities involved in cancer. Recent advancements in the field of cancer research have shed light on the role played by individual cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment as a whole in tumor development and progression. This breakthrough enables the utilization of the tumor and its components as biological tools, opening new possibilities. This article delves deeply into the concept of "tumor-derived systems", an umbrella term for tools sourced from the tumor that aid in combatting it. It includes cancer cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (for tumor theranostics), extracellular vesicles (for tumor diagnosis/therapy), tumor cell lysates (for cancer vaccine development), and engineered cancer cells/organoids (for cancer research). This review seeks to offer a complete overview of the tumor-derived materials that are utilized in cancer research, as well as their current stages of development and implementation. It is aimed primarily at researchers working at the interface of cancer biology and biomedical engineering, and it provides vital insights into this fast-growing topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimeet Desai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
| | - Pratik Katare
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
| | - Vaishali Makwana
- Center for Interdisciplinary Programs, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
| | - Sagar Salave
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gujarat, India
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Jyotsnendu Giri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India.
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22
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Chen HY, Lin CE, Wu SC, Yang ZY, Chiang YF, Huang KC, Wang KL, Ali M, Shieh TM, Chang HY, Huang TC, Hsia SM. Para-toluenesulfonamide, a novel potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, improves hypoxia-induced metastatic breast cancer cell viability and prevents resistance to αPD-1 therapy in triple-negative breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115533. [PMID: 37748406 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the hypoxia-induced transmembrane enzyme carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9) has been associated with poor prognosis and chemoresistance in aggressive breast cancer. This study aimed to investigate the involvement of CA9 in the anti-tumor activity of para-toluenesulfonamide (PTS) and elucidate its mechanism of action against breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo. MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were treated with PTS or subjected to hypoxic conditions using cobalt chloride (CoCl2), with acetazolamide serving as a positive control. Additionally, 4T1 breast cancer cell allograft mice were co-treated with PTS and α-programmed cell death 1 (αPD-1) monoclonal antibody for one month. The results demonstrated that PTS effectively reduced cell viability and reversed migration ability in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells under CoCl2-induced hypoxia. Furthermore, PTS upregulated the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and downregulated CA9, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) proteins, possibly through modulation of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 phosphorylated proteins. In the animal model, PTS100 inhibited tumor growth and lung metastasis in mammary tumor allograft mice, exhibiting synergistic effects when combined with αPD-1 therapy. Collectively, our findings suggest that PTS inhibits breast cancer growth and metastasis through the p38 MAPK/ERK1/2 pathway. Moreover, PTS may have the potential to prevent the development of resistance to αPD-1 therapy in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yuan Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chia-En Lin
- Gongwin Biopharm Co., Ltd., Taipei 104001, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Chi Wu
- Gongwin Biopharm Co., Ltd., Taipei 104001, Taiwan
| | - Zong-Yu Yang
- Gongwin Biopharm Co., Ltd., Taipei 104001, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fen Chiang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Chieh Huang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Lee Wang
- Department of Nursing, Deh Yu College of Nursing and Health, Keelung 20301, Taiwan
| | - Mohamed Ali
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, 11566 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tzong-Ming Shieh
- School of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Tsui-Chin Huang
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Min Hsia
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; School of Food Safety, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; TMU Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan.
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Mansouri M, Imes WD, Roberts OS, Leipzig ND. Fabrication of oxygen-carrying microparticles functionalized with liver ECM-proteins to improve phenotypic three-dimensional in vitro liver assembly, function, and responses. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:3025-3038. [PMID: 37269469 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen and extracellular matrix (ECM)-derived biopolymers play vital roles in regulating many cellular functions in both the healthy and diseased liver. This study highlights the significance of synergistically tuning the internal microenvironment of three-dimensional (3D) cell aggregates composed of hepatocyte-like cells from the HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) from the LX-2 cell line to enhance oxygen availability and phenotypic ECM ligand presentation for promoting the native metabolic functions of the human liver. First, fluorinated (PFC) chitosan microparticles (MPs) were generated with a microfluidic chip, then their oxygen transport properties were studied using a custom ruthenium-based oxygen sensing approach. Next, to allow for integrin engagements the surfaces of these MPs were functionalized using liver ECM proteins including fibronectin, laminin-111, laminin-511, and laminin-521, then they were used to assemble composite spheriods along with HepG2 cells and HSCs. After in vitro culture, liver-specific functions and cell adhesion patterns were compared between groups and cells showed enhanced liver phenotypic responses to laminin-511 and 521 as evidenced via enhanced E-cadherin and vinculin expression, as well as albumin and urea secretion. Furthermore, hepatocytes and HSCs exhibited more pronounced phenotypic arrangements when cocultured with laminin-511 and 521 modified MPs providing clear evidence that specific ECM proteins have distinctive roles in the phenotypic regulation of liver cells in engineering 3D spheroids. This study advances efforts to create more physiologically relevant organ models allowing for well-defined conditions and phenotypic cell signaling which together improve the relevance of 3D spheroid and organoid models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mansouri
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - William D Imes
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - Owen S Roberts
- College of Engineering and Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - Nic D Leipzig
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA
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Mieville V, Griffioen AW, Benamran D, Nowak-Sliwinska P. Advanced in vitro models for renal cell carcinoma therapy design. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188942. [PMID: 37343729 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and its principal subtype, clear cell RCC, are the most diagnosed kidney cancer. Despite substantial improvement over the last decades, current pharmacological intervention still fails to achieve long-term therapeutic success. RCC is characterized by a high intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity and is heavily influenced by the crosstalk of the cells composing the tumor microenvironment, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts, endothelial cells and immune cells. Moreover, multiple physicochemical properties such as pH, interstitial pressure or oxygenation may also play an important role. These elements are often poorly recapitulated in in vitro models used for drug development. This inadequate recapitulation of the tumor is partially responsible for the current lack of an effective and curative treatment. Therefore, there are needs for more complex in vitro or ex vivo drug screening models. In this review, we discuss the current state-of-the-art of RCC models and suggest strategies for their further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Mieville
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arjan W Griffioen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Benamran
- Division of Urology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrycja Nowak-Sliwinska
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Zhang H, Cao K, Xiang J, Zhang M, Zhu M, Xi Q. Hypoxia induces immunosuppression, metastasis and drug resistance in pancreatic cancers. Cancer Lett 2023; 571:216345. [PMID: 37558084 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the common malignant tumors of the digestive system and is known as the "king of cancers". It is extremely difficult to diagnose at an early stage, the disease progresses rapidly, and the effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy is poor, so the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients is very poor. Numerous studies have suggested that hypoxia is closely related to the development and progression of pancreatic cancer. Inadequate blood supply and desmoplasia in the microenvironment of pancreatic cancer can result in its extreme hypoxia. This hypoxic microenvironment can further contribute to angiogenesis and desmoplasia. Hypoxia is mediated by the complex hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) signaling pathway and plays an important role in the formation of a highly immunosuppressive microenvironment and the metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Further work on the hypoxic microenvironment will help clarify the specific mechanisms of the role of hypoxia in pancreatic cancer and provide a basis for the realization of hypoxia-targeted therapeutic and diagnostic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Kailei Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jingrong Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Mengting Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Mengxin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qinhua Xi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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26
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Grasso G, Colella F, Forciniti S, Onesto V, Iuele H, Siciliano AC, Carnevali F, Chandra A, Gigli G, Del Mercato LL. Fluorescent nano- and microparticles for sensing cellular microenvironment: past, present and future applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:4311-4336. [PMID: 37638162 PMCID: PMC10448310 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00218g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) demonstrates distinct hallmarks, including acidosis, hypoxia, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and altered ion fluxes, which are crucial targets for early cancer biomarker detection, tumor diagnosis, and therapeutic strategies. Various imaging and sensing techniques have been developed and employed in both research and clinical settings to visualize and monitor cellular and TME dynamics. Among these, ratiometric fluorescence-based sensors have emerged as powerful analytical tools, providing precise and sensitive insights into TME and enabling real-time detection and tracking of dynamic changes. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the latest advancements in ratiometric fluorescent probes designed for the optical mapping of pH, oxygen, ROS, ions, and biomarkers within the TME. We elucidate their structural designs and sensing mechanisms as well as their applications in in vitro and in vivo detection. Furthermore, we explore integrated sensing platforms that reveal the spatiotemporal behavior of complex tumor cultures, highlighting the potential of high-resolution imaging techniques combined with computational methods. This review aims to provide a solid foundation for understanding the current state of the art and the future potential of fluorescent nano- and microparticles in the field of cellular microenvironment sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Grasso
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC) c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Francesco Colella
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC) c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics ''Ennio De Giorgi", University of Salento c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Stefania Forciniti
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC) c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Valentina Onesto
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC) c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Helena Iuele
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC) c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Anna Chiara Siciliano
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC) c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics ''Ennio De Giorgi", University of Salento c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Federica Carnevali
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC) c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics ''Ennio De Giorgi", University of Salento c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Anil Chandra
- Centre for Research in Pure and Applied Sciences, Jain (Deemed-to-be-university) Bangalore Karnataka 560078 India
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC) c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics ''Ennio De Giorgi", University of Salento c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Loretta L Del Mercato
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC) c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
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Chen M, Zhou X, Cai H, Li D, Song C, You H, Ma R, Dong Z, Peng Z, Feng ST. Evaluation of Hypoxia in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Quantitative MRI: Significances, Challenges, and Advances. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 58:12-25. [PMID: 36971442 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aimed to perform a scoping review of promising MRI methods in assessing tumor hypoxia in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The hypoxic microenvironment and upregulated hypoxic metabolism in HCC are determining factors of poor prognosis, increased metastatic potential, and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Assessing hypoxia in HCC is essential for personalized therapy and predicting prognoses. Oxygen electrodes, protein markers, optical imaging, and positron emission tomography can evaluate tumor hypoxia. These methods lack clinical applicability because of invasiveness, tissue depth, and radiation exposure. MRI methods, including blood oxygenation level-dependent, dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, diffusion-weighted imaging, MRI spectroscopy, chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI, and multinuclear MRI, are promising noninvasive methods that evaluate the hypoxic microenvironment by observing biochemical processes in vivo, which may inform on therapeutic options. This review summarizes the recent challenges and advances in MRI techniques for assessing hypoxia in HCC and highlights the potential of MRI methods for examining the hypoxic microenvironment via specific metabolic substrates and pathways. Although the utilization of MRI methods for evaluating hypoxia in patients with HCC is increasing, rigorous validation is needed in order to translate these MRI methods into clinical use. Due to the limited sensitivity and specificity of current quantitative MRI methods, their acquisition and analysis protocols require further improvement. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 3. TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meicheng Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Province Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqi Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Province Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Huasong Cai
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Province Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Li
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Province Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyu Song
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Province Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Huayu You
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Province Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixia Ma
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Province Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Dong
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Province Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenpeng Peng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Province Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Ting Feng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Province Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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28
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Perez RC, Kim D, Maxwell AWP, Camacho JC. Functional Imaging of Hypoxia: PET and MRI. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3336. [PMID: 37444446 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular and functional imaging have critical roles in cancer care. Existing evidence suggests that noninvasive detection of hypoxia within a particular type of cancer can provide new information regarding the relationship between hypoxia, cancer aggressiveness and altered therapeutic responses. Following the identification of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), significant progress in understanding the regulation of hypoxia-induced genes has been made. These advances have provided the ability to therapeutically target HIF and tumor-associated hypoxia. Therefore, by utilizing the molecular basis of hypoxia, hypoxia-based theranostic strategies are in the process of being developed which will further personalize care for cancer patients. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the significance of tumor hypoxia and its relevance in cancer management as well as to lay out the role of imaging in detecting hypoxia within the context of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Perez
- Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - DaeHee Kim
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Aaron W P Maxwell
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Juan C Camacho
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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29
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Roohani S, Loskutov J, Heufelder J, Ehret F, Wedeken L, Regenbrecht M, Sauer R, Zips D, Denker A, Joussen AM, Regenbrecht CRA, Kaul D. Photon and Proton irradiation in Patient-derived, Three-Dimensional Soft Tissue Sarcoma Models. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:577. [PMID: 37349697 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11013-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite their heterogeneity, the current standard preoperative radiotherapy regimen for localized high-grade soft tissue sarcoma (STS) follows a one fits all approach for all STS subtypes. Sarcoma patient-derived three-dimensional cell culture models represent an innovative tool to overcome challenges in clinical research enabling reproducible subtype-specific research on STS. In this pilot study, we present our methodology and preliminary results using STS patient-derived 3D cell cultures that were exposed to different doses of photon and proton radiation. Our aim was: (i) to establish a reproducible method for irradiation of STS patient-derived 3D cell cultures and (ii) to explore the differences in tumor cell viability of two different STS subtypes exposed to increasing doses of photon and proton radiation at different time points. METHODS Two patient-derived cell cultures of untreated localized high-grade STS (an undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) and a pleomorphic liposarcoma (PLS)) were exposed to a single fraction of photon or proton irradiation using doses of 0 Gy (sham irradiation), 2 Gy, 4 Gy, 8 Gy and 16 Gy. Cell viability was measured and compared to sham irradiation at two different time points (four and eight days after irradiation). RESULTS The proportion of viable tumor cells four days after photon irradiation for UPS vs. PLS were significantly different with 85% vs. 65% (4 Gy), 80% vs. 50% (8 Gy) and 70% vs. 35% (16 Gy). Proton irradiation led to similar diverging viability curves between UPS vs. PLS four days after irradiation with 90% vs. 75% (4 Gy), 85% vs. 45% (8 Gy) and 80% vs. 35% (16 Gy). Photon and proton radiation displayed only minor differences in cell-killing properties within each cell culture (UPS and PLS). The cell-killing effect of radiation sustained at eight days after irradiation in both cell cultures. CONCLUSIONS Pronounced differences in radiosensitivity are evident among UPS and PLS 3D patient-derived sarcoma cell cultures which may reflect the clinical heterogeneity. Photon and proton radiation showed similar dose-dependent cell-killing effectiveness in both 3D cell cultures. Patient-derived 3D STS cell cultures may represent a valuable tool to enable translational studies towards individualized subtype-specific radiotherapy in patients with STS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyer Roohani
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Radiation Oncology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Loskutov
- CELLphenomics GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Heufelder
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, BerlinProtonen am Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 14109, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Ophthalmology, 12200, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Ehret
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Radiation Oncology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena Wedeken
- CELLphenomics GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuela Regenbrecht
- CELLphenomics GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Helios Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Schwanebecker Chaussee 50, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- ASC Oncology GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rica Sauer
- Institute of Pathology, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, Walterhöferstr. 11, 14165, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Zips
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Radiation Oncology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Denker
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonia M Joussen
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Ophthalmology, 12200, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian R A Regenbrecht
- CELLphenomics GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- ASC Oncology GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - David Kaul
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Radiation Oncology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany
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Yadav AK, Chan J. Activity-based bioluminescence probes for in vivo sensing applications. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 74:102310. [PMID: 37119771 PMCID: PMC10225331 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Bioluminescence imaging is a highly sensitive technique commonly used for various in vivo applications. Recent efforts to expand the utility of this modality have led to the development of a suite of activity-based sensing (ABS) probes for bioluminescence imaging by 'caging' of luciferin and its structural analogs. The ability to selectively detect a given biomarker has presented researchers with many exciting opportunities to study both health and disease states in animal models. Here, we highlight recent (2021-2023) bioluminescence-based ABS probes with an emphasis on probe design and in vivo validation experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj K Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, and Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jefferson Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, and Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.
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Macedo-Pereira A, Martins C, Lima J, Sarmento B. Digging the intercellular crosstalk via extracellular vesicles: May exosomes be the drug delivery solution for target glioblastoma? J Control Release 2023; 358:98-115. [PMID: 37120033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an adult's most aggressive brain tumor. The advances in molecular pathology and cell signaling pathways have deepened researchers' understanding of intercellular communication mechanisms that can induce tumor progression, namely the release of extracellular vesicles. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles in various biological fluids released by almost all cells, thus carrying various biomolecules specific to their parental cell. Several pieces of evidence indicate that exosomes mediate intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment and cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), valuable tools for diagnostic and therapeutic applications under the scope of brain diseases such as brain tumors. This review aims to resume the several biological characteristics and the interplay between glioblastoma and exosomes, describing highlight studies that demonstrate the role of exosomes in the tumor microenvironment of GBM and their potential for non-invasive diagnoses and therapeutic approaches, namely, as nanocarriers for drug or gene delivery and cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Macedo-Pereira
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo, Allen 208, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; FMUP - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Martins
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo, Allen 208, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Lima
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo, Allen 208, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; FMUP - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo, Allen 208, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; IUCS - CESPU, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal.
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Numprasit W, Yangngam S, Prasopsiri J, Quinn JA, Edwards J, Thuwajit C. Carbonic anhydrase IX-related tumoral hypoxia predicts worse prognosis in breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1087270. [PMID: 37007798 PMCID: PMC10063856 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1087270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundTumoral hypoxia is associated with aggressiveness in many cancers including breast cancer. However, measuring hypoxia is complicated. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a reliable endogenous marker of hypoxia under the control of the master regulator hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). The expression of CAIX is associated with poor prognosis in many solid malignancies; however, its role in breast cancer remains controversial.MethodsThe present study performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the correlation between CAIX expression and disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in breast cancer.ResultsA total of 2,120 publications from EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus were screened. Of these 2,120 publications, 272 full texts were reviewed, and 27 articles were included in the meta-analysis. High CAIX was significantly associated with poor DFS (HR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.39–2.07, p < 0.00001) and OS (HR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.40–2.91, p = 0.0002) in patients with breast cancer. When stratified by subtype, the high CAIX group was clearly associated with shorter DFS (HR = 2.09, 95% CI =1.11–3.92, p = 0.02) and OS (HR = 2.50, 95% CI =1.53–4.07, p = 0.0002) in TNBC and shorter DFS in ER+ breast cancer (HR = 1.81 95% CI =1.38–2.36, p < 0.0001).ConclusionHigh CAIX expression is a negative prognostic marker of breast cancer regardless of the subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warapan Numprasit
- Division of Head Neck and Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- School of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Supaporn Yangngam
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jaturawitt Prasopsiri
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jean A. Quinn
- School of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Edwards
- School of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Chanitra Thuwajit
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Chanitra Thuwajit,
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Lu F, Kato J, Toramaru T, Zhang M, Morisaki H. Pharmacological Ischemic Conditioning with Roxadustat Does Not Affect Pain-Like Behaviors but Mitigates Sudomotor Impairment in a Murine Model of Deep Hind Paw Incision. J Pain Res 2023; 16:573-587. [PMID: 36852095 PMCID: PMC9960722 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s397054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The involvement of hypoxic response mechanisms in local functional impairments in surgical wounds is unclear. In the present study, we characterized tissue hypoxia in surgical wounds and investigated the role of pharmacological ischemic conditioning (PIC) using roxadustat, an oral prolyl hydroxylase domain enzyme inhibitor, in postoperative local functional impairments in a murine model of deep hind paw incision. Methods Male BALB/cAJcl mice aged 9-13 weeks were used in all experiments. Plantar skins of mice that underwent surgical incision were subjected to immunohistochemistry to localise tissue hypoxia. Pain-like behaviours and sudomotor function were compared between mice treated with 6-week perioperative PIC and control mice. The effects of PIC were examined in vitro by immunocytochemistry using sympathetically differentiated PC12 cells and in vivo by immunohistochemistry using plantar skins collected on postoperative day 21. Results Prominent tissue hypoxia was detected within axons in the nerve bundles underneath surgical wounds. Six-week perioperative PIC using roxadustat failed to ease spontaneous pain-like behaviors; however, it mitigated local sudomotor impairment postoperatively. Upregulation of sympathetic innervation to the eccrine glands was observed in the PIC-treated skins collected on postoperative day 21, in accordance with the in vitro study wherein roxadustat promoted neurite growth of sympathetically differentiated PC12 cells. Conclusion This study suggests that tissue hypoxia is involved in the pathogenesis of local sudomotor dysfunction associated with surgical trauma. Targeting the hypoxic response mechanisms with PIC may be of therapeutic potential in postsurgical local sympathetic impairments that can be present in complex regional pain syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglin Lu
- Keio University Graduate School of Medicine Doctoral Programs, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jungo Kato
- Department of Anesthesiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Toramaru
- Department of Anesthesiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mengting Zhang
- Keio University Graduate School of Medicine Doctoral Programs, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Morisaki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang X, Liu P, Wang Y, Han X, Chen L. Fluorescent imaging to provide visualized evidences for mercury induced hypoxia stress. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 444:130374. [PMID: 36399820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As one typical toxic and dangerous heavy metal, mercury brings incalculable hazards to the environment and human, the mechanism at the molecular level is unclear. There is no visualized evidence to support directly that mercury ions (Hg2+) exposure may induce secondary stress, which is associated with the risk of hypoxia microenvironment in biological systems. Hypoxia occurs in many physiological and pathophysiological processes in the living system, accompanying overexpression of various biomarkers, such as nitroreductase (NTR). Hence, we had successfully developed two NTR-selective fluorescent probes with excellent performance for evaluating the hypoxia degree in vivo and in vitro. We visualized and qualitatively monitored the fluctuations of the endogenous NTR levels in living cells and zebrafish. The imaging results exhibited that different doses of Hg2+ exposure elevated the NTR levels and the same trend in changes of NTR as extrinsic hypoxia exposure, suggesting that Hg2+ exposure induced microenvironmental changes resulting in the hypoxia stress. This is the first time to provide visual evidence to support that Hg2+ stress may involve in the intracellular hypoxia microenvironment through monitoring the dynamic of NTR levels in the living systems. Our results may provide a novel insight into the molecular mechanisms of typical heavy metal element induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liangwei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Xia Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Ping Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yue Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyue Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China.
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35
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Urinary Eubacterium sp. CAG:581 Promotes Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC) Development through the ECM1/MMP9 Pathway. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030809. [PMID: 36765767 PMCID: PMC9913387 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence points to the urinary microbiota as a possible key susceptibility factor for early-stage bladder cancer (BCa) progression. However, the interpretation of its underlying mechanism is often insufficient, given that various environmental conditions have affected the composition of urinary microbiota. Herein, we sought to rule out confounding factors and clarify how urinary Eubacterium sp. CAG:581 promoted non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) development. METHODS Differentially abundant urinary microbiota of 51 NMIBC patients and 47 healthy controls (as Cohort 1) were first determined by metagenomics analysis. Then, we modeled the coculture of NMIBC organoids with candidate urinary Eubacterium sp. CAG:581 in anaerobic conditions and explored differentially expressed genes of these NMIBC tissues by RNA-Seq. Furthermore, we dissected the mechanisms involved into Eubacterium sp. CAG:581 by inducing extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) upregulation. Finally, we used multivariate Cox modeling to investigate the clinical relevance of urinary Eubacterium sp. CAG:581 16S ribosomal RNA (16SrRNA) levels to the prognosis of 406 NMIBC patients (as Cohort 2). RESULTS Eubacterium sp. CAG:581 infection accelerated the proliferation of NMIBC organoids (p < 0.01); ECM1 and MMP9 were the most upregulated genes induced by the increased colony forming units (CFU) gradient of Eubacterium sp. CAG:581 infection via phosphorylating ERK1/2 in NMIBC organoids of Cohort 1. Excluding the favorable impact of potential contributing factors, the ROC curve of Cohort 2 manifested its 3-year AUC value as 0.79 and the cut-off point of Eubacterium sp. CAG:581 16SrRNA as 10.3 (delta CT value). CONCLUSION Our evidence suggests that urinary Eubacterium sp. CAG:581 promoted NMIBC progression through the ECM1/MMP9 pathway, which may serve as the promising noninvasive diagnostic biomarker for NMIBC.
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Yadav AK, Zhao Z, Weng Y, Gardner SH, Brady CJ, Pichardo Peguero OD, Chan J. Hydrolysis-Resistant Ester-Based Linkers for Development of Activity-Based NIR Bioluminescence Probes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1460-1469. [PMID: 36603103 PMCID: PMC10120059 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Activity-based sensing (ABS) probes equipped with a NIR bioluminescence readout are promising chemical tools to study cancer biomarkers owing to their high sensitivity and deep tissue compatibility. Despite the demand, there is a dearth of such probes because NIR substrates (e.g., BL660 (a NIR luciferin analog)) are not equipped with an appropriate attachment site for ABS trigger installation. For instance, our attempts to mask the carboxylic acid moiety with standard self-immolative benzyl linkers resulted in significant background signals owing to undesirable ester hydrolysis. In this study, we overcame this longstanding challenge by rationally designing a new hydrolysis-resistant ester-based linker featuring an isopropyl shielding arm. Compared to the parent, the new design is 140.5-fold and 67.8-fold more resistant toward spontaneous and esterase-mediated hydrolysis, respectively. Likewise, we observed minimal cleavage of the ester moiety when incubated with a panel of enzymes possessing ester-hydrolyzing activity. These impressive in vitro results were corroborated through a series of key experiments in live cells. Further, we showcased the utility of this technology by developing the first NIR bioluminescent probe for nitroreductase (NTR) activity and applied it to visualize elevated NTR expression in oxygen deficient lung cancer cells and in a murine model of non-small cell lung cancer. The ability to monitor the activity of this key biomarker in a deep tissue context is critical because it is associated with tumor hypoxia, which in turn is linked to drug resistance and aggressive cancer phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj K Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, and Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Zhenxiang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, and Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yourong Weng
- Department of Chemistry, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, and Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Sarah H Gardner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Catharine J Brady
- Department of Chemistry, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, and Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Oliver D Pichardo Peguero
- Department of Chemistry, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, and Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jefferson Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, and Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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37
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Napier TS, Lynch SE, Lu Y, Song PN, Burns AC, Sorace AG. Molecular Imaging of Oxygenation Changes during Immunotherapy in Combination with Paclitaxel in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Biomedicines 2023; 11:125. [PMID: 36672633 PMCID: PMC9856084 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common feature of the tumor microenvironment, including that of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), an aggressive breast cancer subtype with a high five-year mortality rate. Using [18F]-fluoromisonidazole (FMISO) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, we aimed to monitor changes in response to immunotherapy (IMT) with chemotherapy in TNBC. TNBC-tumor-bearing mice received paclitaxel (PTX) ± immune checkpoint inhibitors anti-programmed death 1 and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte 4. FMISO-PET imaging was performed on treatment days 0, 6, and 12. Max and mean standard uptake values (SUVmax and SUVmean, respectively), histological analyses, and flow cytometry results were compared. FMISO-PET imaging revealed differences in tumor biology between treatment groups prior to tumor volume changes. 4T1 responders showed SUVmean 1.6-fold lower (p = 0.02) and 1.8-fold lower (p = 0.02) than non-responders on days 6 and 12, respectively. E0771 responders showed SUVmean 3.6-fold lower (p = 0.001) and 2.7-fold lower (p = 0.03) than non-responders on days 6 and 12, respectively. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed IMT plus PTX decreased hypoxia and proliferation and increased vascularity compared to control. Combination IMT/PTX recovered the loss of CD4+ T-cells observed with single-agent therapies. PET imaging can provide timely, longitudinal data on the TNBC tumor microenvironment, specifically intratumoral hypoxia, predicting therapeutic response to IMT plus chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiara S. Napier
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Shannon E. Lynch
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Yun Lu
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Patrick N. Song
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Andrew C. Burns
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Anna G. Sorace
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Takakusagi Y, Kobayashi R, Saito K, Kishimoto S, Krishna MC, Murugesan R, Matsumoto KI. EPR and Related Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques in Cancer Research. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13010069. [PMID: 36676994 PMCID: PMC9862119 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Imaging tumor microenvironments such as hypoxia, oxygenation, redox status, and/or glycolytic metabolism in tissues/cells is useful for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. New imaging modalities are under development for imaging various aspects of tumor microenvironments. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging (EPRI) though similar to NMR/MRI is unique in its ability to provide quantitative images of pO2 in vivo. The short electron spin relaxation times have been posing formidable challenge to the technology development for clinical application. With the availability of the narrow line width trityl compounds, pulsed EPR imaging techniques were developed for pO2 imaging. EPRI visualizes the exogenously administered spin probes/contrast agents and hence lacks the complementary morphological information. Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), a phenomenon that transfers the high electron spin polarization to the surrounding nuclear spins (1H and 13C) opened new capabilities in molecular imaging. DNP of 13C nuclei is utilized in metabolic imaging of 13C-labeled compounds by imaging specific enzyme kinetics. In this article, imaging strategies mapping physiologic and metabolic aspects in vivo are reviewed within the framework of their application in cancer research, highlighting the potential and challenges of each of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Takakusagi
- Quantum Hyperpolarized MRI Research Team, Institute for Quantum Life Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-Ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Department of Quantum Life Science, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba 265-8522, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.T.); (K.-i.M.); Tel.: +81-43-382-4297 (Y.T.); +81-43-206-3123 (K.-i.M.)
| | - Ryoma Kobayashi
- Quantum Hyperpolarized MRI Research Team, Institute for Quantum Life Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-Ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Keita Saito
- Quantum Hyperpolarized MRI Research Team, Institute for Quantum Life Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-Ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Shun Kishimoto
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1002, USA
| | - Murali C. Krishna
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1002, USA
| | - Ramachandran Murugesan
- Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Palayanoor (PO), Chengalpattu 603308, India
| | - Ken-ichiro Matsumoto
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Radiation Regulatory Science Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-Ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.T.); (K.-i.M.); Tel.: +81-43-382-4297 (Y.T.); +81-43-206-3123 (K.-i.M.)
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Ene CD, Nicolae I. Hypoxia-Nitric Oxide Axis and the Associated Damage Molecular Pattern in Cutaneous Melanoma. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12101646. [PMID: 36294785 PMCID: PMC9605406 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12101646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia was intensively studied in cancer during the last few decades, being considered a characteristic of the tumor microenvironment. The aim of the study was to evaluate the capacity of tumor cells to adapt to the stress generated by limited oxygen tissue in cutaneous melanoma. We developed a case-control prospective study that included 52 patients with cutaneous melanoma and 35 healthy subjects. We focused on identifying and monitoring hypoxia, the dynamic of nitric oxide (NO) serum metabolites and posttranslational metabolic disorders induced by NO signaling according to the clinical, biological and tumoral characteristics of the melanoma patients. Our study showed high levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1a (HIF-1a) and hypoxia-inducible factor-2a (HIF-2a) in the melanoma patients. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) control the capacity of tumor cells to adapt to low levels of oxygen. Hypoxia regulated the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression and activity. In the cutaneous melanoma patients, disorders in NO metabolism were detected. The serum levels of the NO metabolites were significantly higher in the melanoma patients. NO signaling influenced the tumor microenvironment by modulating tumoral proliferation and sustaining immune suppression. Maintaining NO homeostasis in the hypoxic tumoral microenvironment could be considered a future therapeutic target in cutaneous melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Daniela Ene
- “Carol Davila” Nephrology Hospital, 010731 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of General Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-743074851
| | - Ilinca Nicolae
- Dermatology Department, “Victor Babes” Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
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40
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Bai R, Li Y, Jian L, Yang Y, Zhao L, Wei M. The hypoxia-driven crosstalk between tumor and tumor-associated macrophages: mechanisms and clinical treatment strategies. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:177. [PMID: 36071472 PMCID: PMC9454207 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01645-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Given that hypoxia is a persistent physiological feature of many different solid tumors and a key driver for cancer malignancy, it is thought to be a major target in cancer treatment recently. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which have a large impact on tumor development and immunotherapy. TAMs massively accumulate within hypoxic tumor regions. TAMs and hypoxia represent a deadly combination because hypoxia has been suggested to induce a pro-tumorigenic macrophage phenotype. Hypoxia not only directly affects macrophage polarization, but it also has an indirect effect by altering the communication between tumor cells and macrophages. For example, hypoxia can influence the expression of chemokines and exosomes, both of which have profound impacts on the recipient cells. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the intricate interaction between cancer cells and TAMs in the hypoxic TME is relevant to poor prognosis and increased tumor malignancy. However, there are no comprehensive literature reviews on the molecular mechanisms underlying the hypoxia-mediated communication between tumor cells and TAMs. Therefore, this review has the aim to collect all recently available data on this topic and provide insights for developing novel therapeutic strategies for reducing the effects of hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyan Jian
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuehui Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China. .,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Minjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China. .,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China. .,Shenyang Kangwei Medical Laboratory Analysis Co. LTD, Shenyang, 110000, People's Republic of China.
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Bergandi L, Lucia U, Grisolia G, Salaroglio IC, Gesmundo I, Granata R, Borchiellini R, Ponzetto A, Silvagno F. Thermomagnetic Resonance Effect of the Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field on Three-Dimensional Cancer Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147955. [PMID: 35887313 PMCID: PMC9318636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In our recent studies, we have developed a thermodynamic biochemical model able to select the resonant frequency of an extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) specifically affecting different types of cancer, and we have demonstrated its effects in vitro. In this work, we investigate the cellular response to the ELF electromagnetic wave in three-dimensional (3D) culture models, which mimic the features of tumors in vivo. Cell membrane was modelled as a resistor–capacitor circuit and the specific thermal resonant frequency was calculated and tested on two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures of human pancreatic cancer, glioblastoma and breast cancer. Cell proliferation and the transcription of respiratory chain and adenosine triphosphate synthase subunits, as well as uncoupling proteins, were assessed. For the first time, we demonstrate that an ELF-EMF hampers growth and potentiates both the coupled and uncoupled respiration of all analyzed models. Interestingly, the metabolic shift was evident even in the 3D aggregates, making this approach particularly valuable and promising for future application in vivo, in aggressive cancer tissues characterized by resistance to treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Bergandi
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (L.B.); (I.C.S.)
| | - Umberto Lucia
- Department of Energy, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (U.L.); (G.G.); (R.B.)
| | - Giulia Grisolia
- Department of Energy, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (U.L.); (G.G.); (R.B.)
| | - Iris Chiara Salaroglio
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (L.B.); (I.C.S.)
| | - Iacopo Gesmundo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Corso A.M. Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy; (I.G.); (R.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Riccarda Granata
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Corso A.M. Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy; (I.G.); (R.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Romano Borchiellini
- Department of Energy, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (U.L.); (G.G.); (R.B.)
| | - Antonio Ponzetto
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Corso A.M. Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy; (I.G.); (R.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Francesca Silvagno
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (L.B.); (I.C.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Significance of Specific Oxidoreductases in the Design of Hypoxia-Activated Prodrugs and Fluorescent Turn Off–On Probes for Hypoxia Imaging. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112686. [PMID: 35681666 PMCID: PMC9179281 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hypoxia-activated prodrugs (HAPs), selectively reduced by specific oxidoreductases under hypoxic conditions, form cytotoxic agents damaging the local cancer cells. On the basis of the reported clinical data concerning several HAPs, one can draw conclusions regarding their preclinical attractiveness and, regrettably, the low efficacy of Phase III clinical trials. Clinical failure may be explained, inter alia, by the lack of screening of patients on the basis of tumor hypoxia and low availability of specific oxidoreductases involved in HAP activation. There is surprisingly little information on the quantification of these enzymes in cells or tissues, compared to the advanced research associated with the use of HAPs. Our knowledge about the expression and activity of these enzymes in various cancer cell lines under hypoxic conditions is inadequate. Only in a few cases were researchers able to demonstrate the differences in the expression or activity of selected oxidoreductases, depending on the oxygen concentration. Additionally, it was cell line dependent. More systematic studies are required. The optical probes, based on turning on the fluorescence emission upon irreversible reduction catalyzed by the overexpressed oxidoreductases, can be helpful in this type of research. Ultimately, such sensors can estimate both the oxidoreductase activity and the degree of oxygenation in one step. To achieve this goal, their response must be correlated with the expression or activity of enzymes potentially involved in turning on their emissions, as determined by biochemical methods. In conclusion, the incorporation of biomarkers to identify hypoxia is a prerequisite for successful HAP therapies. However, it is equally important to assess the level of specific oxidoreductases required for their activation. Abstract Hypoxia is one of the hallmarks of the tumor microenvironment and can be used in the design of targeted therapies. Cellular adaptation to hypoxic stress is regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). Hypoxia is responsible for the modification of cellular metabolism that can result in the development of more aggressive tumor phenotypes. Reduced oxygen concentration in hypoxic tumor cells leads to an increase in oxidoreductase activity that, in turn, leads to the activation of hypoxia-activated prodrugs (HAPs). The same conditions can convert a non-fluorescent compound into a fluorescent one (fluorescent turn off–on probes), and such probes can be designed to specifically image hypoxic cancer cells. This review focuses on the current knowledge about the expression and activity of oxidoreductases, which are relevant in the activation of HAPs and fluorescent imaging probes. The current clinical status of HAPs, their limitations, and ways to improve their efficacy are briefly discussed. The fluorescence probes triggered by reduction with specific oxidoreductase are briefly presented, with particular emphasis placed on those for which the correlation between the signal and enzyme expression determined with biochemical methods is achievable.
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Suzuki S, Sato T, Watanabe M, Higashide M, Tsugeno Y, Umetsu A, Furuhashi M, Ida Y, Hikage F, Ohguro H. Hypoxia Differently Affects TGF-β2-Induced Epithelial Mesenchymal Transitions in the 2D and 3D Culture of the Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105473. [PMID: 35628282 PMCID: PMC9143417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypoxia associated with the transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2)-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of human retinal pigment epithelium (HRPE) cells is well recognized as the essential underlying mechanism responsible for the development of proliferative retinal diseases. In vitro, three-dimensional (3D) models associated with spontaneous O2 gradients can be used to recapitulate the pathological levels of hypoxia to study the effect of hypoxia on the TGF-β2-induced EMT of HRPE cells in detail, we used two-dimensional-(2D) and 3D-cultured HRPE cells. TGF-β2 and hypoxia significantly and synergistically increased the barrier function of the 2D HRPE monolayers, as evidenced by TEER measurements, the downsizing and stiffening of the 3D HRPE spheroids and the mRNA expression of most of the ECM proteins. A real-time metabolic analysis indicated that TGF-β2 caused a decrease in the maximal capacity of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in the 2D HRPE cells, whereas, in the case of 3D HRPE spheroids, TGF-β2 increased proton leakage. The findings reported herein indicate that the TGF-β2-induced EMT of both the 2D and 3D cultured HRPE cells were greatly modified by hypoxia, but during these EMT processes, the metabolic plasticity was different between 2D and 3D HRPE cells, suggesting that the mechanisms responsible for the EMT of the HRPE cells may be variable during their spatial spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Suzuki
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (S.S.); (M.W.); (M.H.); (Y.T.); (A.U.); (Y.I.); (F.H.)
| | - Tatsuya Sato
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (T.S.); (M.F.)
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Signal Transduction, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Megumi Watanabe
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (S.S.); (M.W.); (M.H.); (Y.T.); (A.U.); (Y.I.); (F.H.)
| | - Megumi Higashide
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (S.S.); (M.W.); (M.H.); (Y.T.); (A.U.); (Y.I.); (F.H.)
| | - Yuri Tsugeno
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (S.S.); (M.W.); (M.H.); (Y.T.); (A.U.); (Y.I.); (F.H.)
| | - Araya Umetsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (S.S.); (M.W.); (M.H.); (Y.T.); (A.U.); (Y.I.); (F.H.)
| | - Masato Furuhashi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (T.S.); (M.F.)
| | - Yosuke Ida
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (S.S.); (M.W.); (M.H.); (Y.T.); (A.U.); (Y.I.); (F.H.)
| | - Fumihito Hikage
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (S.S.); (M.W.); (M.H.); (Y.T.); (A.U.); (Y.I.); (F.H.)
| | - Hiroshi Ohguro
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (S.S.); (M.W.); (M.H.); (Y.T.); (A.U.); (Y.I.); (F.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-611-2111
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