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Sulaiman MK. Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential of natural flavonoids in diabetic nephropathy: Modulation of intracellular developmental signaling pathways. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2024; 7:100194. [PMID: 39071051 PMCID: PMC11276931 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2024.100194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Recognized as a common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the principal cause of chronic end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Patients with diabetes have an approximately 25% risk of developing progressive renal disease. The underlying principles of DN control targets the dual outcomes of blood glucose regulation through sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT 2) blockade and hypertension management through renin-angiotensin-aldosterone inhibition. However, these treatments are ineffective in halting disease progression to kidney failure and cardiovascular comorbidities. Recently, the dysregulation of subcellular signaling pathways has been increasingly implicated in DN pathogenesis. Natural compounds are emerging as effective and side-effect-free therapeutic agents that target intracellular pathways. This narrative review synthesizes recent insights into the dysregulation of maintenance pathways in DN, drawing from animal and human studies. To compile this review, articles reporting DN signaling pathways and their treatment with natural flavonoids were collected from PubMed, Cochrane Library Web of Science, Google Scholar and EMBASE databases since 2000. As therapeutic interventions are frequently based on the results of clinical trials, a brief analysis of data from current phase II and III clinical trials on DN is discussed.
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Balakumar P. Unleashing the pathological role of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in diabetic nephropathy: The intricate connection with multifaceted mechanism. World J Nephrol 2024; 13:95410. [PMID: 38983761 PMCID: PMC11229833 DOI: 10.5527/wjn.v13.i2.95410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process in which epithelial cells undergo biochemical changes and transform into mesenchymal-like cells, resulting in renal abnormalities, including fibrosis. EMT can cause diabetic nephropathy through triggering kidney fibrosis, inflammation, and functional impairment. The diverse molecular pathways that drive EMT-mediated renal fibrosis are not utterly known. Targeting key signaling pathways involved in EMT may help ameliorate diabetic nephropathy and improve renal function. In such settings, understanding precisely the complicated signaling networks is critical for developing customized therapies to intervene in EMT-mediated diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitchai Balakumar
- The Office of Research and Development, Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science & Technology (Deemed to be University), Thanjavur 613403, Tamil Nadu, India
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47600, Selangor, Malaysia
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Lathan R. Exploring unconventional targets in myofibroblast transdifferentiation outside classical TGF- β signaling in renal fibrosis. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1296504. [PMID: 38808357 PMCID: PMC11130449 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1296504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
We propose that the key initiators of renal fibrosis are myofibroblasts which originate from four predominant sources-fibroblasts, pericytes, endothelial cells and macrophages. Increased accumulation of renal interstitial myofibroblasts correlates with an increase in collagen, fibrillar proteins, and fibrosis severity. The canonical TGF-β pathway, signaling via Smad proteins, is the central molecular hub that initiates these cellular transformations. However, directly targeting these classical pathway molecules has proven challenging due their integral roles in metabolic process, and/or non-sustainable effects involving compensatory cross-talk with TGF-β. This review explores recently discovered alternative molecular targets that drive transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts. Discovering targets outside of the classical TGF-β/Smad pathway is crucial for advancing antifibrotic therapies, and strategically targeting the development of myofibroblasts offers a promising approach to control excessive extracellular matrix deposition and impede fibrosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashida Lathan
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Jandeleit-Dahm KAM, Kankanamalage HR, Dai A, Meister J, Lopez-Trevino S, Cooper ME, Touyz RM, Kennedy CRJ, Jha JC. Endothelial NOX5 Obliterates the Reno-Protective Effect of Nox4 Deletion by Promoting Renal Fibrosis via Activation of EMT and ROS-Sensitive Pathways in Diabetes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:396. [PMID: 38671844 PMCID: PMC11047703 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia induces intrarenal oxidative stress due to the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to a cascade of events that contribute to the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). NOX5, a pro-oxidant NADPH oxidase isoform, has been identified as a significant contributor to renal ROS in humans. Elevated levels of renal ROS contribute to endothelial cell dysfunction and associated inflammation, causing increased endothelial permeability, which can disrupt the renal ecosystem, leading to progressive albuminuria and renal fibrosis in DKD. This study specifically examines the contribution of endothelial cell-specific human NOX5 expression in renal pathology in a transgenic mouse model of DKD. This study additionally compares NOX5 with the previously characterized NADPH oxidase, NOX4, in terms of their relative roles in DKD. Regardless of NOX4 pathway, this study found that endothelial cell-specific expression of NOX5 exacerbates renal injury, albuminuria and fibrosis. This is attributed to the activation of the endothelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway via enhanced ROS formation and the modulation of redox-sensitive factors. These findings underscore the potential therapeutic significance of NOX5 inhibition in human DKD. The study proposes that inhibiting NOX5 could be a promising approach for mitigating the progression of DKD and strengthens the case for the development of NOX5-specific inhibitors as a potential therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin A. M. Jandeleit-Dahm
- Department of Diabetes, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research & Education Precinct, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (K.A.M.J.-D.); (S.L.-T.); (M.E.C.)
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Haritha R. Kankanamalage
- Department of Diabetes, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research & Education Precinct, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (K.A.M.J.-D.); (S.L.-T.); (M.E.C.)
| | - Aozhi Dai
- Department of Diabetes, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research & Education Precinct, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (K.A.M.J.-D.); (S.L.-T.); (M.E.C.)
| | - Jaroslawna Meister
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Sara Lopez-Trevino
- Department of Diabetes, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research & Education Precinct, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (K.A.M.J.-D.); (S.L.-T.); (M.E.C.)
| | - Mark E. Cooper
- Department of Diabetes, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research & Education Precinct, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (K.A.M.J.-D.); (S.L.-T.); (M.E.C.)
| | - Rhian M. Touyz
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3H 2R9, Canada;
| | - Christopher R. J. Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada;
| | - Jay C. Jha
- Department of Diabetes, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research & Education Precinct, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (K.A.M.J.-D.); (S.L.-T.); (M.E.C.)
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Feng L, Chen C, Xiong X, Wang X, Li X, Kuang Q, Wei X, Gao L, Niu X, Li Q, Yang J, Li L, Luo P. PS-MPs promotes the progression of inflammation and fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy through NLRP3/Caspase-1 and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathways. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 273:116102. [PMID: 38382346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a prevalent chronic microvascular complication of diabetes and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Understanding the progressive etiology of DN is critical for the development of effective health policies and interventions. Recent research indicated that polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) contaminate our diets and accumulate in various organs, including the liver, kidneys, and muscles. METHODS In this study, ten-week-old db/db mice and db/m mice were fed. Besides, db/db mice were divided into two groups: PS-MPs group (oral administration of 0.5 µm PS-MPs) and an H2O group, and they were fed for three months. A type II diabetes model was established using db/db mice to investigate the effects of PS-MPs on body weight, blood glucose level, renal function, and renal fibrosis. RESULTS The results demonstrated that PS-MPs significantly exacerbated various biochemical indicators of renal tissue damage, including fasting blood glucose, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and blood uric acid. Additionally, PS-MPs worsened the pathological alterations and degree of fibrosis in renal tissue. An increased oxidative stress state and elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were identified. Furthermore, PS-MPs significantly enhanced renal fibrosis by inhibiting the transition from epithelial cells to mesenchymal cells, specifically through the inhibition of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. The expression levels of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), Caspase-1, and cleaved Caspase-1, which are inflammasome proteins, were significantly elevated in the PS-MPs group. CONCLUSION The findings suggested that PS-MPs could aggravate kidney injury and renal fibrosis in db/db mice by promoting NLRP3/Caspase-1 and TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathways. These findings had implications for elucidating the role of PS-MPs in DN progression, underscoring the necessity for additional research and public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiang Feng
- Department of Urology, Wuhan Third Hospital, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Urology, Wuhan Third Hospital, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xi Xiong
- Department of Urology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xiong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Department of Urology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Qihui Kuang
- Department of Urology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Department of Urology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Likun Gao
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Xuan Niu
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Qingwen Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Urology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Lili Li
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Pengcheng Luo
- Department of Urology, Wuhan Third Hospital, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430060, China.
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Chen X, Zeng X, Qiu X, Liu C, Lu P, Shen Z, Zhou X, Yang K. Exercise alleviates renal interstitial fibrosis by ameliorating the Sirt1-mediated TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway in T2DM mice. Endocr Connect 2024; 13:e230448. [PMID: 38251967 PMCID: PMC10959038 DOI: 10.1530/ec-23-0448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Background Renal interstitial fibrosis is the pathophysiological basis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Exercise appears to improve kidney interstitial fibrosis in T2DM, in which silent information regulator factor 2-related enzyme 1 (Sirt1) is a critical regulator. However, the role of Sirt1 in mediating exercise on renal tissue as well as its mechanism remains unknown. Methods T2DM mouse models were created using a high-fat diet mixed with streptozotocin, followed by 8 weeks of treadmill exercise and niacinamide (Sirt1 inhibitor) intervention. Kits for detecting biochemical indices of renal function were used. The pathological appearance and severity of renal tissue were examined using hematoxylin and eosin, Masson and immunohistochemical staining. The mRNA and protein expression of relevant signaling pathway factors were determined to use real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Results T2DM can promote renal interstitial fibrosis, increase kidney index, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and 24 h urinary total protein and cause pathological changes in renal tissue and affect renal function. After 8 weeks of exercise intervention, the biochemical indicators in the kidney of T2DM mice were decreased, Sirt1 expression was increased, the expression of TGF-β1, Smad3, collagen type I (COL1) and collagen type III (COL3) were decreased, and the renal interstitial fibrosis, renal tissue structural lesions and renal function were improved. However, after the nicotinamide intervention, renal interstitial fibrosis of T2DM mice was aggravated, and the improvement effect of exercise on renal interstitial fibrosis of T2DM mice was abolished. Conclusion The upregulation of Sirt1 expression by exercise can inhibit the transforming growth factor β1/Smad3 pathway, thereby inhibiting the expression and deposition of COL1 and COL3 in renal interstitium, thereby improving renal interstitial fibrosis in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghe Chen
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyu Zeng
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Qiu
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chi Liu
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengcheng Lu
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziming Shen
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangxiang Zhou
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kang Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Zheng R, Xu Q, Wang Y, Zhong Y, Zhu R. Cordyceps cicadae polysaccharides attenuate diabetic nephropathy via the miR-30a-3p/TRIM16 axis. J Diabetes Investig 2024; 15:300-314. [PMID: 38149724 PMCID: PMC10906025 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The molecular mechanism of the protective effect of Cordyceps cicadae polysaccharides (CCPs) on renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy (DN) is still unclear. This study aims to further understand the molecular mechanisms behind the therapeutic benefits of CCP on diabetic nephropathy. METHODS Mice were randomly assigned into six groups (n = 8). Cordyceps cicadae polysaccharide dissolved in 5% dimethyl sulfoxide was administered by gavage for 12 consecutive weeks. The CCP doses were divided into low, medium, and high, 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg/day, respectively. The efficacy of CCP was determined by assessing the renal function and histological alterations in diabetic db/db mice. The degree of glomerular mesangial dilatation and sclerosis was evaluated using semiquantitative markers. Cell viability, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in high glucose (HG)-cultured MPC5 podocytes were determined. The interaction of miR-30a-3p and tripartite motif-containing protein 16 (TRIM16) was examined by luciferase reporter assay. Western blotting, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and immunofluorescence were used to analyze gene and protein expressions. RESULTS The in vivo findings illustrated that CCP may protect mice with type 2 diabetes from inflammation and oxidative damage (P < 0.05). Furthermore, CCP has a therapeutic value in protecting renal function and morphology in diabetic nephropathy by reversing podocyte EMT. The in vitro results indicated that CCP dose-dependently inhibited HG-induced apoptosis, EMT, inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial ROS levels in MPC5 podocytes (P < 0.05). Luciferase reporter assay confirmed the interaction between miR-30a-3p and TRIM16 in MPC5 podocytes cultured in high glucose (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The protective effect of CCP on HG-induced MPC5 can be achieved by miR-30a-3p/TRIM16 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Qin Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yiwen Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yifei Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Rong Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
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Braithwaite AT, Akbar N, Pezzolla D, Paget D, Krausgruber T, Bock C, Carnicer R, Choudhury RP. Multi-organ single-cell RNA sequencing in mice reveals early hyperglycemia responses that converge on fibroblast dysregulation. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23448. [PMID: 38305779 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302003r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes causes a range of complications that can affect multiple organs. Hyperglycemia is an important driver of diabetes-associated complications, mediated by biological processes such as dysfunction of endothelial cells, fibrosis, and alterations in leukocyte number and function. Here, we dissected the transcriptional response of key cell types to hyperglycemia across multiple tissues using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and identified conserved, as well as organ-specific, changes associated with diabetes complications. By studying an early time point of diabetes, we focus on biological processes involved in the initiation of the disease, before the later organ-specific manifestations had supervened. We used a mouse model of type 1 diabetes and performed scRNA-seq on cells isolated from the heart, kidney, liver, and spleen of streptozotocin-treated and control male mice after 8 weeks and assessed differences in cell abundance, gene expression, pathway activation, and cell signaling across organs and within organs. In response to hyperglycemia, endothelial cells, macrophages, and monocytes displayed organ-specific transcriptional responses, whereas fibroblasts showed similar responses across organs, exhibiting altered metabolic gene expression and increased myeloid-like fibroblasts. Furthermore, we found evidence of endothelial dysfunction in the kidney, and of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in streptozotocin-treated mouse organs. In summary, our study represents the first single-cell and multi-organ analysis of early dysfunction in type 1 diabetes-associated hyperglycemia, and our large-scale dataset (comprising 67 611 cells) will serve as a starting point, reference atlas, and resource for further investigating the events leading to early diabetic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam T Braithwaite
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Naveed Akbar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniela Pezzolla
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daan Paget
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas Krausgruber
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Center for Medical Data Science, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Center for Medical Data Science, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ricardo Carnicer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robin P Choudhury
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Wang F, Xu W, Liu X, Zhang J. Dexmedetomidine ameliorates high glucose-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transformation in HK-2 cells through the Cdk5/Drp1/ROS pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:71-81. [PMID: 38013469 PMCID: PMC10875345 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) plays an important role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has shown renoprotective effects against ischemic reperfusion injury; however, whether and how DEX prevents high glucose-induced EMT in renal tubular epithelial cells is incompletely known. Here, we conduct in vitro experiments using HK-2 cells, a human tubular epithelial cell line. Our results demonstrate that high glucose increases the expressions of EMT-related proteins, including Vimentin, Slug, Snail and Twist, while decreasing the expression of E-cadherin and increasing Cdk5 expression in HK-2 cells. Both Cdk5 knockdown and inhibition by roscovitine increase the expressions of E-cadherin while decreasing the expressions of other EMT-related markers. DEX inhibits Cdk5 expression without affecting cell viability and changes the expressions of EMT-related markers, similar to effects of Cdk5 inhibition. Furthermore, Cdk5 is found to interact with Drp1 at the protein level and mediate the phosphorylation of Drp1. In addition, Drp1 inhibition with mdivi-1 could also restrain the high glucose-induced EMT process in HK-2 cells. Immunofluorescence results show that roscovitine, Mdivi-1 and DEX inhibit high glucose-induced intracellular ROS accumulation, while the oxidant H 2O 2 eliminates the protective effect of DEX on the EMT process. These results indicate that DEX mitigates high glucose-induced EMT progression in HK-2 cells via inhibition of the Cdk5/Drp1/ROS pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Department of AnesthesiologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Weilong Xu
- Department of Anesthesiologythe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao266000China
| | - Xiaoge Liu
- Department of AnesthesiologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of AnesthesiologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
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Kundu S, Ghosh A, Yadav KS, Mugale MN, Sahu BD. Imperatorin ameliorates kidney injury in diabetic mice by regulating the TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling axis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and renal inflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 963:176250. [PMID: 38092315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious concern in patients with diabetes mellitus. Prolonged hyperglycemia induces oxidative damage, chronic inflammation, and build-up of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in the renal cells, leading to kidney structural and functional changes. Imperatorin (IMP) is a naturally occurring furanocoumarin derivative with proven antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. We investigated whether IMP could improve DN and employed high glucose (HG)-induced HK-2 cells and high-fat diet-fed streptozotocin (HFD/STZ)-generated DN experimental model in C57BL/6 mice. In vitro, IMP effectively reduced the HG-activated reactive oxygen species generation, disturbance in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers, and the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and collagen 1 expression in HK-2 cells. In vivo, we found an elevation of serum creatinine, kidney histology alterations, and collagen build-up in the kidneys of the DN control group. Also, we found an altered expression of EMT-related markers, upregulation of the TGF-β/Smad2/3 axis, and elevated pro-inflammatory molecules, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-18 and phospho-NF-kB (p65) in the DN control group. IMP treatment did not significantly reduce the blood glucose level compared to the DN control group. However, IMP treatment effectively improved renal damage by ameliorating kidney histological changes and serum renal injury markers. IMP treatment restored renal antioxidants and exhibited anti-inflammatory effects in the kidneys. Moreover, the abnormal manifestation of EMT-related attributes and elevated levels of TGF-β, phospho-Smad2/3, and collagen 1 were also normalized in the IMP treatment group. Our findings highlight that IMP may be a potential candidate for treating DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Kundu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Ankana Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Karan Singh Yadav
- Department of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow, 226 031, India
| | - Madhav Nilakanth Mugale
- Department of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow, 226 031, India
| | - Bidya Dhar Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India.
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Cao Z, Gao X, Meng J, Guo X, Xu J, Cui J, Zhou X. ACSL1: A preliminary study that provides a new target for the treatment of renal fibrosis could bring new insights in diabetic kidney disease. Nefrologia 2023; 43 Suppl 2:38-46. [PMID: 38245444 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal fibrosis is the main cause of the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). ACSL1 plays an important role in colon cancer and liver fibrosis. METHODS We screened ACSL1 by proteomics analysis and then verified the expression of ACSL1 in the urine of diabetic nephropathy patients by WB and ELISA. Then, a total of 12db/m and db/db mice were used to verify the association between renal fibrosis and ACSL1. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining, Masson staining, and immunostaining were performed for histological studies. The relationship between ACSL1 and renal fibrosis was studied by knocking down ACSL1 in cell experiments. RESULTS The expression of ACSL1 was significantly increased in the exfoliated urine cells and urine supernatant of diabetic nephropathy patients and was closely related to renal function. In addition, the expression of ACSL1 was significantly increased in the renal tissues of db/db mice with fibrosis. Knocking down ACSL1 in HK-2 cells was shown to reverse renal fibrosis induced by high glucose. CONCLUSIONS We found a potential therapeutic target for preventing or ameliorating the progression of DKD fibrosis. Reducing ACSL1 expression may be a new strategy for the treatment of renal fibrosis caused by DKD, which provides an experimental theoretical basis for new drug research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghui Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xiao Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Jing Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Jiahao Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Junchao Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xueyan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
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Cho W, Oh H, Choi SW, Abd El-Aty AM, Birdal O, Jeong JH, Song JH, Jung TW. CTRP4 attenuates apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in podocytes through an AMPK/autophagy-dependent pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 682:104-110. [PMID: 37806247 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia, characterized by high blood glucose levels resulting from pancreatic beta cell dysfunction or impaired insulin signaling, is a contributing factor in the development of diabetic nephropathy. This study aimed to investigate the effects of C1q/TNF-related protein 4 (CTRP4), known for its anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory properties in various disease models, on podocyte apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the presence of elevated glucose levels. The expression levels of various proteins in podocytes and adipocytes were evaluated by Western blotting. Autophagosomes in podocytes were stained by MDC. Chromatin condensation in podocytes was examined by Hoechst staining. The research revealed increased expression of CTRP4 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and CIHP-1 podocytes exposed to high glucose (HG) conditions. Treatment with CTRP4 effectively mitigated HG-induced apoptosis and ER stress and normalized epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in CIHP-1 cells. Furthermore, elevated levels of AMPK phosphorylation and autophagy were observed in CIHP-1 cells treated with CTRP4. Silencing of AMPK or the use of 3-methyl adenine (3 MA) reduced the impacts of CTRP4 on apoptosis, EMT markers and ER stress in CIHP-1 cells. In conclusion, these findings suggest that CTRP4 alleviates ER stress in podocytes under hyperglycemic conditions, leading to the suppression of apoptosis and the restoration of EMT through AMPK/autophagy-mediated signaling. These insights provide valuable information for the development of therapeutic strategies for diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonjun Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeseung Oh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woo Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211, Giza, Egypt; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey.
| | - Oğuzhan Birdal
- Department of Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Song
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Woo Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Zeng Y, Xiong C, Chen Y, Yang C, Li Q. Effects and mechanism of Rictor interference in podocyte injury induced by high glucose. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:473. [PMID: 37753299 PMCID: PMC10518650 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR (Rictor) is a critical effector of mTOR protein complex 2 (mTORC2). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Rictor in the mTORC2 signaling pathway in high glucose (HG)-induced diabetic podocyte injury by silencing the expression of Rictor. In the present study, mouse podocytes were treated with glucose (150 mM) and mannitol (200 mM), the Rictor gene was silenced using small interfering RNA (siRNA). Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, whereas podocyte cytoskeletal protein expression was detected by western blotting (WB) and immunofluorescence staining. The results demonstrated that, compared with that in the control group, the podocyte apoptotic rate was significantly increased in the mannitol group (negative group) and the groups that were treated with glucose (model groups). The podocyte apoptotic rate in the model + Rictor siRNA group was significantly decreased compared with that in the negative, model and the model glucose + siRNA negative control (NC) groups. WB indicated that the protein expression levels of podocalyxin and synaptopodin were reduced in the model and model + siRNA NC groups compared with those in the normal control and negative groups. Additionally, the protein expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and P-AKT/AKT were increased in the model and model + siRNA NC groups compared with the those in control and negative groups. Compared with those the model and model + siRNA NC groups, the protein expression levels of podocalyxin and synaptopodin were increased, whilst those of the α-SMA and P-AKT/AKT proteins were decreased, in the model + Rictor siRNA group. Results from immunofluorescence analysis were basically consistent with those of WB. Therefore, results of the present study suggest that silencing of the Rictor gene may reduce the damage to podocytes induced by HG, such that the Rictor/mTORC2 signaling pathway may be involved in the remodeling of podocyte actin cytoskeletal in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Changbin Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yinxiang Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Chunyun Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qiuyue Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Li X, Dong W, Yang Y, Ren S, Wang X, Zou M, Lu W, Liu L, Xue Y. Ecliptasaponin A attenuates renal fibrosis by regulating the extracellular matrix of renal tubular cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2023; 59:684-696. [PMID: 37831322 PMCID: PMC10709264 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-023-00803-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the most common manifestation of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), including diabetic kidney disease (DKD), but there is no effective treatment in renal fibrosis. Natural products are a rich source of clinical drug research and have been used in the clinical research of various diseases. In this study, we searched for traditional Chinese medicine monomers that attenuate fibrosis and assessed their effect on the fibrosis marker connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in cells which we found ecliptasaponin A. Subsequently, we evaluated the effect of ecliptasaponin A on renal fibrosis in the classic renal fibrosis unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mouse model and found that ecliptasaponin A could reduce the renal collagen fiber deposition and renal extracellular matrix (ECM) protein expression in UUO mice. In vitro, ecliptasaponin A can inhibit ECM protein expression in human kidney-2 (HK-2) cells induced by transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGFβ1). To further clarify the mechanism of ecliptasaponin A in attenuating renal fibrosis, we performed transcriptome sequencing of HK-2 cells treated with TGFβ1 and ecliptasaponin A. The functions and pathways were mainly enriched in the extracellular matrix and TGFβ signalling pathway. Matrix metalloproteinase 10 (MMP10) and matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) are the main differentially expressed genes in extracellular matrix regulation. Then, we measured MMP10 and MMP13 in the cells and found that ecliptasaponin A had a significant inhibitory effect on MMP13 expression but not on MMP10 expression. Furthermore, we overexpressed MMP13 in HK-2 cells treated with TGFβ1 and found that MMP13 promoted HK-2 cell injury. Our findings suggest that ecliptasaponin A can attenuate renal fibrosis, which may provide a new method for treating renal fibrosis clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Dong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanlin Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shijing Ren
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meina Zou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lerong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaoming Xue
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Chen C, Zhou Z, Yu S, Ma Y, Wang G, Han X, Jiao C, Luan J, Liu Z, Xu Y, Wang H, Zhang Q, Fu J, Zhou H, Pi J. Nrf2 protects against renal fibrosis induced by chronic cadmium exposure in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 178:113875. [PMID: 37286028 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Environmental cadmium (Cd) exposure is a serious public health concern, as the kidney is the primary target for Cd exposure. The present study aimed to investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) in renal fibrosis induced by chronic Cd exposure. Nrf2 knockout (Nrf2-KO) mice and their wild-type littermates (Nrf2-WT) were exposed to 100 or 200 ppm Cd in drinking water for up to 16 or 24 weeks. Following the Cd exposures, Nrf2-KO mice showed elevated urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and BUN levels compared to Nrf2-WT mice. Masson's trichrome staining and expression of fibrosis-associated proteins revealed that more severe renal fibrosis occurred in Nrf2-KO than that in Nrf2-WT mice. Renal Cd content in the Nrf2-KO mice exposed to 200 ppm Cd was lower than that in Nrf2-WT mice, which might be a consequence of the severe renal fibrosis in the Nrf2-KO mice. Mechanistic studies showed that Nrf2-KO mice exhibited higher levels of oxidative damage, lower antioxidant levels, and more regulated cell death, apoptosis in particular, than those in Nrf2-WT mice caused by Cd exposure. In conclusion, Nrf2-KO mice were more prone to develop renal fibrosis induced by chronic Cd exposure, partially due to a weakened antioxidant, detoxification capacity and increased oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education (China Medical University), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China; Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic (China Medical University), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China; Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Zhengsheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education (China Medical University), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China; Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Siqi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education (China Medical University), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China; Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Yawei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education (China Medical University), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China; Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Gang Wang
- Experimental and Teaching Center, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Xue Han
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Congcong Jiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, PR China
| | - Junjun Luan
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education (China Medical University), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China; Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education (China Medical University), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China; Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic (China Medical University), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China; Group of Chronic Disease and Environmental Genomics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education (China Medical University), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China; Group of Chronic Disease and Environmental Genomics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jingqi Fu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education (China Medical University), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China; Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic (China Medical University), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China; Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education (China Medical University), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China; Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, PR China.
| | - Jingbo Pi
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education (China Medical University), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China; Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic (China Medical University), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China; Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China.
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16
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Jin B, Liu J, Zhu Y, Lu J, Zhang Q, Liang Y, Shao Q, Jiang C. Kunxian capsule alleviates podocyte injury and proteinuria by inactivating β-catenin in db/db mice. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1213191. [PMID: 37457567 PMCID: PMC10349331 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1213191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains the primary cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) globally, but treatment options are limited. Kunxian capsule (KXC) has been utilized for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and IgA nephropathy in China. However, its effect on DKD remains poorly investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the protective effect of KXC in db/db mice and elucidate its underlying mechanism. Methods The renoprotective effects of KXC were assessed in a DKD mouse model using male BKS db/db diabetic mice. After 8 weeks of treatment, the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), blood biochemical parameters, renal histopathological manifestation, and podocyte ultrastructural changes were evaluated. Additionally, the expression of podocyte epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers [WT1, ZO-1, and collogen I (Col1a1)] was quantitatively analyzed. Furthermore, we explored the role of KXC in the β-catenin signaling pathway to elucidate the underlying mechanism of KXC's renoprotective effect. Results KXC treatment effectively reduced albuminuria and attenuated renal structural abnormalities in db/db mice. Additionally, KXC restored the protein and mRNA expression of WT1 and ZO-1 while suppressing the expression of Col1a1 in db/db mice, indicating its ability to alleviate podocyte EMT. Mechanistically, KXC exerted a significant suppressive effect on the activation of β-catenin signaling in diabetic kidneys. Conclusion KXC has the potential to protect podocytes during DKD by alleviating podocyte EMT through inactivating β-catenin signaling.
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Eleftheriadis T, Pissas G, Golfinopoulos S, Efthymiadi M, Poulianiti C, Polyzou Konsta MA, Liakopoulos V, Stefanidis I. Routes of Albumin Overload Toxicity in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119640. [PMID: 37298591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides being a marker of kidney disease severity, albuminuria exerts a toxic effect on renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (RPTECs). We evaluated whether an unfolded protein response (UPR) or DNA damage response (DDR) is elicited in RPTECs exposed to high albumin concentration. The deleterious outcomes of the above pathways, apoptosis, senescence, or epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were evaluated. Albumin caused reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and protein modification, and a UPR assessed the level of crucial molecules involved in this pathway. ROS also induced a DDR evaluated by critical molecules involved in this pathway. Apoptosis ensued through the extrinsic pathway. Senescence also occurred, and the RPTECs acquired a senescence-associated secretory phenotype since they overproduced IL-1β and TGF-β1. The latter may contribute to the observed EMT. Agents against endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) only partially alleviated the above changes, while the inhibition of ROS upregulation prevented both UPR and DDR and all the subsequent harmful effects. Briefly, albumin overload causes cellular apoptosis, senescence, and EMT in RPTECs by triggering UPR and DDR. Promising anti-ERS factors are beneficial but cannot eliminate the albumin-induced deleterious effects because DDR also occurs. Factors that suppress ROS overproduction may be more effective since they could halt UPR and DDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Eleftheriadis
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Mezourlo Hill, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Georgios Pissas
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Mezourlo Hill, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Spyridon Golfinopoulos
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Mezourlo Hill, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Maria Efthymiadi
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Mezourlo Hill, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Christina Poulianiti
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Mezourlo Hill, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Maria Anna Polyzou Konsta
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Mezourlo Hill, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Vassilios Liakopoulos
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Mezourlo Hill, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Ioannis Stefanidis
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Mezourlo Hill, 41110 Larissa, Greece
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18
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Liu Z, Nan P, Gong Y, Tian L, Zheng Y, Wu Z. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-triggered ferroptosis via the XBP1-Hrd1-Nrf2 pathway induces EMT progression in diabetic nephropathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114897. [PMID: 37224754 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is characterized by tubulointerstitial fibrosis caused by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal tubular epithelial cells. Although ferroptosis promotes DN development, the specific pathological process that is affected by ferroptosis in DN remains unclear. Herein, EMT-related changes, including increased α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and Vimentin expression and decreased E-cadherin expression, were observed in the renal tissues of streptozotocin-induced DN mice and high glucose-cultured human renal proximal tubular (HK-2) cells. Treatment with ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) ameliorated these changes and rescued renal pathological injury in diabetic mice. Interestingly, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) was activated during EMT progression in DN. Inhibiting ERS improved the expression of EMT-associated indicators and further rescued the characteristic changes in ferroptosis caused by high glucose, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, iron overload, increased lipid peroxidation product generation, and reduced mitochondrial cristae. Moreover, overexpression of XBP1 increased Hrd1 expression and inhibited NFE2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression, which could enhance cell susceptibility to ferroptosis. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and ubiquitylation assays indicated that Hrd1 interacted with and ubiquitinated Nrf2 under high-glucose conditions. Collectively, our results demonstrated that ERS triggers ferroptosis-related EMT progression through the XBP1-Hrd1-Nrf2 pathway, which provides new insights into potential mechanisms for delaying EMT progression in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China.
| | - Ping Nan
- Department of Obster & Gynecol, Shengli Oilfield Center Hospital, Dongying, Shandong 257000, China.
| | - Yihui Gong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China.
| | - Ling Tian
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China.
| | - Yin Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China.
| | - Zhongming Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China; Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China.
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Zhang J, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Feng Y, Deng X, Deng F, Chen B, Hu J. High glucose promotes podocyte movement: From the perspective of single cell motility assay. Cell Biol Int 2023; 47:823-830. [PMID: 36701327 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Podocytes are highly specialized glomerular epithelial cells that play a crucial role in maintaining the glomerular filtration barrier, impairment of which usually leads to proteinuria. The phenotypic alterations of podocytes are described to be one of the critical mechnisms underlying podocyte detachment from the glomerular basement membrane. High glucose is the major factor mediating the renal damages and podocyte injuries in the process of diabetic nephropathy. It was revealed that high glucose stimulated the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of podocyte, thus contributing to proteinuria. When the podocytes converse from epithelial phenotype to mesenchymal phenotype, their migratory capacity significantly increases. Previously, cell migration is conventionally detected by the wound healing assay and the transwell assay. In this study, we investigated and comfirmed the possibility of using single cell motility assay for the anaysis of podocyte motility under high glucose condtition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Zhang
- Endocrinology Department, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Geriatric Oncology, Department of Palliative Care, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Endocrinology Department, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuyuan Deng
- Endocrinology Department, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Deng
- Endocrinology Department, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Chen
- Endocrinology Department, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiongyu Hu
- Endocrinology Department, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Zhao X, He X, Wei W, Huang K. USP22 aggravated diabetic renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis progression through deubiquitinating and stabilizing Snail1. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 947:175671. [PMID: 37001578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) is one of the main pathological changes induced by diabetic kidney disease (DKD), and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by high glucose (HG) can promote TIF. Our previous study has shown that ubiquitin-specific protease 22 (USP22) could affect the process of DKD by deubiquitinating and stabilizing Sirt1 in glomerular mesangial cells. However, whether USP22 could regulate EMT occurrence in renal tubular epithelial cells and further aggravate the pathological process of TIF in DKD remains to be elucidated. In this study, we found that USP22 expression was upregulated in kidney tissues of db/db mice and HG-treated NRK-52E cells. In vitro, USP22 overexpression promoted the EMT process of NRK-52E cells stimulated by HG and further increased the levels of extracellular matrix (ECM) components such as fibronectin, Collagen I, and Collagen Ⅳ. Meanwhile, USP22 deficiency exhibited the opposite effects. Mechanism studies showed that USP22, depending on its deubiquitinase activity, deubiquitinated and stabilized the EMT transcriptional factor Snail1. In vivo experiment showed that interfering with USP22 could improve the renal pathological damages and renal function of the db/db spontaneous diabetic mice by decreasing Snail1 expression, which could inhibit EMT occurrence, and reduce the production of ECM components. These results suggested that USP22 could accelerate renal EMT and promote the pathological progression of diabetic TIF by deubiquitinating Snail1, providing an experimental basis for using USP22 as a potential target for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilin Zhao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Xuelan He
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Wentao Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Kaipeng Huang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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Torsello B, De Marco S, Bombelli S, Cifola I, Morabito I, Invernizzi L, Meregalli C, Zucchini N, Strada G, Perego RA, Bianchi C. High glucose induces an activated state of partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human primary tubular cell cultures. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279655. [PMID: 36827456 PMCID: PMC9956654 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is observed in diabetic nephropathy. It is still debated whether tubular cells, undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in high glucose (HG) conditions, may contribute to interstitial fibrosis development. In this study, we investigated the phenotypic and molecular EMT-like changes and the alteration of inflammatory and fibrogenic secretome induced by HG in human primary tubular cell cultures. Taking advantage of this in vitro cell model composed of proximal and distal tubular cells, we showed that HG-treated tubular cells acquired a fibroblast-like morphology with increased cytoplasmic stress fibers, maintaining the expression of the epithelial markers specific of proximal and distal tubular cells. HG increased Snail1, miRNA210 and Vimentin mesenchymal markers, decreased N-cadherin expression and migration ability of primary tubular cells, while E-cadherin expression and focal adhesion distribution were not affected. Furthermore, HG treatment of tubular cells altered the inflammatory cytokine secretion creating a secretome able to enhance the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts. Our findings show that HG promotes an activated state of partial EMT in human tubular primary cells and induces a pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic microenvironment, supporting the active role of tubular cells in diabetic nephropathy onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Torsello
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Sofia De Marco
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Silvia Bombelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Ingrid Cifola
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies (ITB), National Research Council (CNR), Segrate, Italy
| | - Ivana Morabito
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Lara Invernizzi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Chiara Meregalli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Nicola Zucchini
- Pathology Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Monza, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Guido Strada
- ASST North Milan, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - Roberto A. Perego
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Cristina Bianchi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- * E-mail:
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The Mechanism of Hyperglycemia-Induced Renal Cell Injury in Diabetic Nephropathy Disease: An Update. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020539. [PMID: 36836895 PMCID: PMC9967500 DOI: 10.3390/life13020539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of type I and II diabetes. It develops from the initial microproteinuria to end-stage renal failure. The main initiator for DN is chronic hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia (HG) can stimulate the resident and non-resident renal cells to produce humoral mediators and cytokines that can lead to functional and phenotypic changes in renal cells and tissues, interference with cell growth, interacting proteins, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), etc., ultimately resulting in glomerular and tubular damage and the onset of kidney disease. Therefore, poor blood glucose control is a particularly important risk factor for the development of DN. In this paper, the types and mechanisms of DN cell damage are classified and summarized by reviewing the related literature concerning the effect of hyperglycemia on the development of DN. At the cellular level, we summarize the mechanisms and effects of renal damage by hyperglycemia. This is expected to provide therapeutic ideas and inspiration for further studies on the treatment of patients with DN.
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23
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QiHuangYiShen Granules Modulate the Expression of LncRNA MALAT1 and Attenuate Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Kidney of Diabetic Nephropathy Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 2023:3357281. [PMID: 36760471 PMCID: PMC9904933 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3357281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background QiHuangYiShen granules (QHYS), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine formula, have been used in clinical practice for treating diabetic kidney disease for several years by our team. The efficacy of reducing proteinuria and delaying the decline of renal function of QHYS has been proved by our previous studies. However, the exact mechanism by which QHYS exerts its renoprotection remains largely unknown. Emerging evidence suggests that lncRNA MALAT1 is abnormally expressed in diabetic nephropathy (DN) and can attenuate renal fibrosis by modulating podocyte epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Objective In the present study, we aimed to explore whether QHYS could modulate lncRNA MALAT1 expression and attenuate the podocyte EMT as well as the potential mechanism related to the Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway. Methods SD rats were fed with the high-fat-high-sucrose diet for 8 weeks and thereafter administered with 30 mg/kg streptozotocin intraperitoneally to replicate the DN model. Quality control of QHYS was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography. QHYS were orally administered at 1.25, 2.5, and 5 g/kg doses, respectively, to the DN model rats for 12 weeks. Body weight, glycated haemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, 24-h proteinuria, and kidney index were measured. The morphologic pathology of the kidney was evaluated by Hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome staining. The expression level of lncRNA MALAT1 was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the expression levels of podocyte EMT protein markers and Wnt/β-catenin pathway proteins in renal tissues were evaluated by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Results The results showed that QHYS significantly reduced 24-h proteinuria, blood urea nitrogen, kidney index, and ameliorated glomerular hypertrophy and collagen fiber deposition in the kidney of DN rats. Importantly, QHYS significantly downregulated the expression level of lncRNA MALAT1, upregulated the expression of nephrin, the podocyte marker protein, downregulated the expression of desmin and FSP-1, and mesenchymal cell markers. Furthermore, QHYS significantly downregulated the expression levels of Wnt1, β-catenin, and active β-catenin. Conclusion Conclusively, our study revealed that QHYS significantly reduced proteinuria, alleviated renal fibrosis, and attenuated the podocyte EMT in DN rats, which may be associated with the downregulation of lncRNA MALAT1 expression and inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Title: Bioinformatic Identification of Genes Involved in Diabetic Nephropathy Fibrosis and their Clinical Relevance. Biochem Genet 2023:10.1007/s10528-023-10336-6. [PMID: 36715962 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10336-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is an important pathological feature of diabetic nephropathy that is associated with impaired renal function. However, the mechanism by which fibrosis occurs in diabetic nephropathy is unclear. Differentially expressed genes were identified from transcriptome profiles of renal tissue from diabetic patients and unilateral ureteral obstruction mice and intersected to obtain genes that may be involved in diabetic fibrosis. Biological function analysis and protein-protein interaction network analysis were performed. ROC curve and Pearson correlation analysis between hub genes were performed and glomerular filtration rate estimated. Finally, the RNA levels of hub genes were measured using real-time PCR. A total of 283 genes were identified as potentially involved in diabetic nephropathy fibrosis. TYROBP, CTSS, LCP2, LUM and TLR7 were identified as aberrantly expressed hub genes. Immune cell infiltration analysis demonstrated higher numbers of cytotoxic lymphocytes, B lineage cells, monocyte lineage cells, myeloid dendritic cells, neutrophils, and fibroblasts in the diabetic nephropathy group. The areas under ROC curves for TYROBP, CTSS, LCP2, LUM and TLR7 were 0.9167, 0.9583, 0.9917, 0.93333, and 0.9583, respectively (P < 0.001), and their correlation coefficients with estimated glomerular filtration rate were - 0.8332, - 0.752, - 0.7875, - 0.7567, and - 0.7136, respectively (P < 0.001). The RNA levels of TYROBP, CTSS, LUM and TLR7 were upregulated in high-glucose-treated human renal tubular epithelial cells (P < 0.005). Our study identified TYROBP, CTSS, LCP2, LUM and TLR7 as potentially involved in diabetic nephropathy fibrosis. Furthermore, TYROBP, CTSS, LUM and TLR7 may be associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition of tubular epithelial cells.
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25
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Yu H, Wang Y, He Z, Chen R, Dai Y, Tang Y, Chen Y. Albiflorin ameliorates mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis by PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway. Hum Exp Toxicol 2023; 42:9603271221145386. [PMID: 36780316 DOI: 10.1177/09603271221145386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Background: The most common type of glomerulonephritis in China is mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) featured with mesangial cell overproliferation and inflammation, as well as fibrosis. Albiflorin (AF) is an effective composition extracted from Paeonia Alba Radix and has been administrated for various diseases. Nevertheless, there is no research reporting the effect of AF on MPGN.Purpose: Our work aims to probe into the role and possible mechanism of AF on MPGN.Research Design: We investigated the effects of AF on mesangial cell overproliferation, inflammation, and fibrosis in vitro and in vivo and identified the related signaling pathways.Study Sample: human mesangial cells (HMCs) and male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats.Data Analysis: SPSS 18.0 was used to analyze the data.Results: AF attenuated the proliferation and inflammation both in vitro and in vivo. In detail, AF decreased the ki67 expression in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-treated HMCs and MPGN rats, and the mRNA expression or contents of inflammatory cytokines were reduced after AF treatment. The fibrosis of LPS-treated HMCs and MPGN rats was also reduced by AF. Moreover, AF effectively restrained 24 h urinary protein, improved kidney function, and mitigated dyslipidemia and pathological injury of MPGN rats. Additionally, we found that the protective effects of AF were accompanied by the blocking of PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway, and the inhibitory effects of AF on MPGN were reversed by insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), the PI3K agonist.Conclusions: AF alleviates MPGN via restraining mesangial cell overproliferation, inflammation, and fibrosis via PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Yu
- Department of Nephrology, 74720Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, 74720Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zida He
- Department of Nephropathy and Rheumatology, Changshun County Medical Group Central Hospital, Changshun, China
| | - Ruixue Chen
- Department of Nephrology, 74720Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yingni Dai
- Department of Nephrology, 74720Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yingqian Tang
- Department of Nephrology, 74720Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Nephrology, 74720Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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26
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Sun HJ, Xiong SP, Wang ZC, Nie XW, Bian JS. Hydrogen Sulfide in Diabetic Complications Revisited: The State of the Art, Challenges, and Future Directions. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:18-44. [PMID: 36310428 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Diabetes and its related complications are becoming an increasing public health problem that affects hundreds of millions of people globally. Increased disability and mortality rate of diabetic individuals are closely associated with various life-threatening complications, such as atherosclerosis, nephropathy, retinopathy, and cardiomyopathy. Recent Advances: Conventional treatments for diabetes are still limited because of undesirable side effects, including obesity, hypoglycemia, and hepatic and renal toxicity. Studies have shown that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays a critical role in the modulation of glycolipid metabolism, pancreatic β cell functions, and diabetic complications. Critical Issues: Preservation of endogenous H2S systems and supplementation of H2S donors are effective in attenuating diabetes-induced complications, thus representing a new avenue to treat diabetes and its associated complications. Future Directions: This review systematically recapitulates and discusses the most recent updates regarding the therapeutic effects of H2S on diabetes and its various complications, with an emphasis on the molecular mechanisms that underlie H2S-mediated protection against diabetic complications. Furthermore, current clinical trials of H2S in diabetic populations are highlighted, and the challenges and solutions to the clinical transformation of H2S-derived therapies in diabetes are proposed. Finally, future research directions of the pharmacological actions of H2S in diabetes and its related complications are summarized. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 18-44.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jian Sun
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Si-Ping Xiong
- Department of Pathology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zi-Chao Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Nie
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Jin-Song Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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27
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An Overview of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Mesenchymal-to-Epithelial Transition in Canine Tumors: How Far Have We Come? Vet Sci 2022; 10:vetsci10010019. [PMID: 36669020 PMCID: PMC9865109 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, pre-clinical and clinical studies in human medicine have provided new insights, pushing forward the contemporary knowledge. The new results represented a motivation for investigators in specific fields of veterinary medicine, who addressed the same research topics from different perspectives in studies based on experimental and spontaneous animal disease models. The study of different pheno-genotypic contexts contributes to the confirmation of translational models of pathologic mechanisms. This review provides an overview of EMT and MET processes in both human and canine species. While human medicine rapidly advances, having a large amount of information available, veterinary medicine is not at the same level. This situation should provide motivation for the veterinary medicine research field, to apply the knowledge on humans to research in pets. By merging the knowledge of these two disciplines, better and faster results can be achieved, thus improving human and canine health.
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Wang X, Zhao J, Li Y, Rao J, Xu G. Epigenetics and endoplasmic reticulum in podocytopathy during diabetic nephropathy progression. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1090989. [PMID: 36618403 PMCID: PMC9813850 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1090989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteinuria or nephrotic syndrome are symptoms of podocytopathies, kidney diseases caused by direct or indirect podocyte damage. Human health worldwide is threatened by diabetic nephropathy (DN), the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the world. DN development and progression are largely dependent on inflammation. The effects of podocyte damage on metabolic disease and inflammatory disorders have been documented. Epigenetic and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are also evident in DN. Targeting inflammation pathway and ER stress in podocytes may be a prospective therapy to prevent the progression of DN. Here, we review the mechanism of epigenetics and ER stress on podocyte inflammation and apoptosis, and discuss the potential amelioration of podocytopathies by regulating epigenetics and ER stress as well as by targeting inflammatory signaling, which provides a theoretical basis for drug development to ameliorate DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China,*Correspondence: Xiaokang Wang,
| | - Jingqian Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanqing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaoyu Rao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gengrui Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
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29
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Dapagliflozin Prevents High-Glucose-Induced Cellular Senescence in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416107. [PMID: 36555751 PMCID: PMC9781434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliflozins are a new class of antidiabetic drugs with renoprotective properties. In cultures of primary human renal tubular epithelial cells (RPTECs) subjected to high-glucose conditions in the presence or absence of dapagliflozin, we evaluated cellular senescence pathways. High glucose increased sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) expression and glucose consumption, enhancing reactive oxygen species production. The latter induced DNA damage, ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM), and p53 phosphorylation. Stabilized p53 increased the cell cycle inhibitor p21, resulting in cell cycle arrest and increasing the cellular senescence marker beta-galactosidase (GLB-1). RPTECs under high glucose acquired a senescence-associated secretory phenotype, which was detected by the production of IL-1β, IL-8, and TGF-β1. By decreasing SGLT-2 expression and glucose consumption, dapagliflozin inhibited the above pathway and prevented RPTEC senescence. In addition, dapagliflozin reduced the cell cycle inhibitor p16 independently of the glucose conditions. Neither glucose concentration nor dapagliflozin affected the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition when assessed with α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Thus, high glucose induces p21-dependent RPTEC senescence, whereas dapagliflozin prevents it. Since cellular senescence contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy, delineating the related molecular mechanisms and the effects of the widely used gliflozins on them is of particular interest and may lead to novel therapeutic approaches.
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30
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Qi C, Hu Y, Zeng M, Chen H, Shi J, Jue H, Zhao Z, Liu J, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Wu H. Verteporfin inhibits the dedifferentiation of tubular epithelial cells via TGF-β1/Smad pathway but induces podocyte loss in diabetic nephropathy. Life Sci 2022; 311:121186. [PMID: 36375573 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The dedifferentiation of tubular epithelial cells has been identified as an important trigger of renal fibrosis. The Hippo pathway is a crucial regulator of cell proliferation and differentiation. In this study, we determined the role of Hippo proteins in tubular dedifferentiation in diabetic nephropathy (DN). MAIN METHODS In this study, we measured dedifferentiation markers and Hippo proteins in db/db mice and high glucose treated tubular epithelial cells. Then, verteporfin and knockdown of large tumor suppressor kinase (LATS) 1 and 2 were performed to uncover therapeutic targets for DN. KEY FINDINGS Here, we found dedifferentiation and upregulated Hippo proteins in tubular epithelial cells in DN model both in vivo and in vitro. Both verteporfin and LATS knockdown could inhibit the tubular mesenchymal transition, but verteporfin showed broad inhibitory effect on Hippo proteins, especially nuclear YAP, and exacerbated podocyte loss of DN. LATS2 knockdown did not reverse the tubular E-Cadherin loss while it also induced podocyte apoptosis. Overall, intervention of LATS1 inhibited tubular dedifferentiation efficiently without affecting YAP and bringing podocyte apoptosis. Further mechanistic investigations revealed that the TGF-β1/Smad, instead of the YAP-TEAD-CTGF signaling, might be the underlying pathway through which verteporfin and LATS1 engaged in the tubular dedifferentiation. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, verteporfin is not a suitable treatment for DN owing to evitable podocyte loss and apoptosis. Targeting LATS1 is a better choice worthy of further investigation for DN therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Qi
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mingyao Zeng
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongru Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiaoyu Shi
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hao Jue
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhonghua Zhao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yanyong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Huijuan Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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31
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Ma Q, Hu X, Liu F, Cao Z, Han L, Zhou K, Bai Y, Zhang Y, Nan Y, Lv Q, Rao J, Wu T, Yang X, He H, Ju D, Xu H. A novel fusion protein consisting of anti-ANGPTL3 antibody and interleukin-22 ameliorates diabetic nephropathy in mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1011442. [PMID: 36544775 PMCID: PMC9760875 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1011442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The pathogenic mechanisms of diabetic nephropathy (DN) include podocyte injury, inflammatory responses and metabolic disorders. Although the antagonism of Angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) can alleviate proteinuria symptoms by inhibiting the activation of integrin αvβ3 on the surface of podocytes, it can not impede other pathological processes, such as inflammatory responses and metabolic dysfunction of glucolipid. Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is considered to be a pivotal molecule involved in suppressing inflammatory responses, initiating regenerative repair, and regulating glucolipid metabolism. Methods Genes encoding the mIL22IgG2aFc and two chains of anti-ANGPTL3 antibody and bifunctional protein were synthesized. Then, the DN mice were treated with intraperitoneal injection of normal saline, anti-ANGPTL3 (20 mg/kg), mIL22Fc (12 mg/kg) or anti-ANGPTL3 /IL22 (25.3 mg/kg) and irrigation of positive drug losartan (20mg/kg/d) twice a week for 8 weeks. Results In this research, a novel bifunctional fusion protein (anti-ANGPTL3/IL22) formed by the fusion of IL-22 with the C-terminus of anti-ANGPTL3 antibody exhibited favorable stability and maintained the biological activity of anti-ANGPTL3 and IL-22, respectively. The fusion protein showed a more pronounced attenuation of proteinuria and improved dysfunction of glucolipid metabolism compared with mIL22Fc or anti-ANGPTL3. Our results also indicated that anti-ANGPTL3/IL22 intervention significantly alleviated renal fibrosis via inhibiting the expression of the inflammatory response-related protein nuclear factor kappa light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) p65 and NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Moreover, transcriptome analysis revealed the downregulation of signaling pathways associated with injury and dysfunction of the renal parenchymal cell indicating the possible protective mechanisms of anti-ANGPTL3/IL22 in DN. Conclusion Collectively, anti-ANGPTL3/IL22 bifunctional fusion protein can be a promising novel therapeutic strategy for DN by reducing podocyte injury, ameliorating inflammatory response, and enhancing renal tissue recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Ma
- Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaozhi Hu
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangyu Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhonglian Cao
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaicheng Zhou
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyang Nan
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianying Lv
- Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Rao
- Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haidong He
- Department of Nephrology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Hong Xu, ; Dianwen Ju, ; Haidong He,
| | - Dianwen Ju
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Department of Nephrology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Hong Xu, ; Dianwen Ju, ; Haidong He,
| | - Hong Xu
- Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Hong Xu, ; Dianwen Ju, ; Haidong He,
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Haritha C, Lingaraju MC, Mathesh K, Jadhav SE, Shyamkumar T, Aneesha V, Parida S, Singh TU, Kumar D. PRE-084 ameliorates adenine-induced renal fibrosis in rats. Tissue Cell 2022; 79:101905. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sun Y, Qu H, Song Q, Shen Y, Wang L, Niu X. High-glucose induced toxicity in HK-2 cells can be alleviated by inhibition of miRNA-320c. Ren Fail 2022; 44:1388-1398. [PMID: 35969018 PMCID: PMC9389931 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2022.2106874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major healthcare challenge worldwide. MiRNAs exert a regulatory effect on the progress of DN. Our study proposed to investigate the miR-320c expression and its function on the pathogenesis of DN in vitro. The level of miR-320c in HK-2 cells was quantified by RT-qPCR. Cell morphology, invasion, and migration were observed by optical microscope, Transwell invasion assay, and scratch wound assay. Then, the levels of PTEN, α-SMA, vimentin, E-cadherin, p-PI3K, PI3K, AKT, and p-AKT were analyzed through western blotting. A Dual-luciferase reporter assay was conducted to explore the target relationship between miR-320c and PTEN. It was discovered that miR-320c was over-expressed in high glucose (HG)-treated HK-2 cells. Furthermore, inhibition of miR-320c could alleviate the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HG-induced HK-2 cells and retain the normal morphology of HK-2 cells. Additionally, the miR-320c inhibitor decreased the invasiveness and migration of HG-treated HK-2 cells. Next, the target gene of miR-320c, PTEN, was identified, and the function of miR-320c was reversed by down-regulation of PTEN. Finally, we found inhibition of miR-320c restrained the PI3K/AKT pathway. Therefore, inhibition of miR-320c could alleviate toxicity of HK-2 cells induced by HG via targeting PTEN and restraining the PI3K/AKT pathway, illustrating that miR-320c may act as a new biomarker in the diagnosis of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Hai Qu
- Department of General Surgery, Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Qi Song
- Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Yifan Shen
- Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Xiaohong Niu
- Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
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NUP160 knockdown inhibits the progression of diabetic nephropathy in vitro and in vivo. Regen Ther 2022; 21:87-95. [PMID: 35785044 PMCID: PMC9234011 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a severe diabetic complication and podocyte damage is a hallmark of DN. The Nucleoporin 160 (NUP160) gene was demonstrated to regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis in mouse podocytes. This study explored the possible role and mechanisms of NUP160 in high glucose-triggered podocyte injury. A rat model of DN was established by intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). Podocytes were treated with 33 mM high glucose. The effects of the Nup160 on DN and its mechanisms were assessed using MTT, flow cytometry, Western blot, ELISA, RT-qPCR, and luciferase reporter assays. The in vivo effects of NUP160 were analyzed by HE, PAS, and MASSON staining assays. The NUP160 level was significantly upregulated in podocytes treated with 33 mM high glucose. Functionally, NUP160 knockdown alleviated high glucose-induced apoptosis and inflammation in podocytes. Mechanistically, miR-495-3p directly targeted NUP160, and lncRNA HCG18 upregulated NUP160 by sponging miR-495-3p by acting as a ceRNA. Additionally, NUP160 overexpression reversed the effects of HCG18 knockdown in high glucose treated-podocytes. The in vivo assays indicated that NUP160 knockdown alleviated the symptoms of DN rats. NUP160 knockdown plays a key role in preventing the progression of DN, suggesting that targeting NUP160 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for DN treatment.
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Teuma L, Eshwaran R, Tawokam Fongang U, Wieland J, Shao F, Lagana ML, Wang Y, Agaci A, Hammes HP, Feng Y. Glucosamine inhibits extracellular matrix accumulation in experimental diabetic nephropathy. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1048305. [PMID: 36532524 PMCID: PMC9751334 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1048305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glucosamine, the intermediate metabolite of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP), is widely used as a supplementary drug in patients with osteoarthritis. However, its consequences in such patients concomitantly suffering from diabetic nephropathy is unknown. METHODS The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of exogenous administration of glucosamine in the diabetic kidney. A mouse model of streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in vivo and cultured endothelial cells in vitro were used in the study. The mice were treated with glucosamine for 6 months. Renal function was evaluated by metabolic cage, and histology of the kidney was estimated by periodic acid-schiff (PAS) staining. The expression of related genes was assessed by real-time PCR, immunofluorescence staining, immunoblotting and ELISA. RESULTS There was no significant difference in urinary albumin secretion, relative kidney weight, or creatinine clearance between the groups treated with glucosamine and controls. Assessment of the kidney demonstrated reduction in mesangial expansion and fibronectin expression in the diabetic glomeruli treated with glucosamine. Glucosamine treatment significantly decreased α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) protein expression in both diabetic and control kidneys, whereas the expression of other fibrosis-related genes and inflammatory factors was unaltered. Moreover, α-SMA colocalized with the endothelial marker CD31 in the diabetic and control kidneys, and glucosamine reduced α-SMA+ ECs in the diabetic glomeruli. In addition, glucosamine suppressed α-SMA expression in endothelial cells treated with or without high glucose. DISCUSSION In summary, this is the first report to show that glucosamine reduces mesangial expansion and inhibits endothelial-mesenchymal transition in diabetic nephropathy. The underlying mechanisms need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loic Teuma
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rachana Eshwaran
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ulrich Tawokam Fongang
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Johanna Wieland
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Feng Shao
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maria Luisa Lagana
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Yixin Wang
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ane Agaci
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hammes
- 5th Medical Clinic, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yuxi Feng
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Ren N, Shi S, Zhao N, Zhang L. Dual specificity phosphatase 22 suppresses mesangial cell hyperproliferation, fibrosis, inflammation and the MAPK signaling pathway in diabetic nephropathy. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:744. [PMID: 36561966 PMCID: PMC9748649 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual specificity phosphatase 22 (DUSP22) regulates fibrosis and inflammation, which may be implicated in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Hence, the current study aimed to assess the effect of DUSP22 on cell proliferation, apoptosis, fibrosis and inflammation in mouse mesangial cell line (SV40-MES13) under both high glucose (HG) and low glucose (LG) conditions. SV40-MES13 cells were treated with HG and LG, then HG-group cells were transfected with DUSP22 overexpression and control plasmids, meanwhile LG-group cells were transfected with DUSP22 and control siRNAs. Then, cell proliferation using Cell Counting Kit-8, cell apoptosis by TUNEL assay, protein expression using western blotting, inflammatory cytokines using ELISA and RNA using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR were determined. DUSP22 mRNA and protein were decreased in SV40-MES13 cells under the HG condition compared with those under the LG condition. Under the HG condition, DUSP22 overexpression suppressed SV40-MES13 cell proliferation at 48 and 72 h as well as Bcl2, but it facilitated TUNEL-reflected apoptotic rate and cleaved-caspase-3; besides, DUSP22 overexpression restrained proteins of fibronectin 1, collagen I, transforming growth factor beta 1, and their corresponding mRNAs. As to the inflammation, DUSP22 overexpression downregulated TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-12 under the HG condition. By contrast, DUSP22 siRNA promoted SV40-MES13 cell proliferation, fibrosis and inflammation, but attenuated apoptosis in SV40-MES13 cells under the LG condition. Additionally, DUSP22 overexpression inactivated phosphorylated (p)-ERK, p-JNK, and p-P38 in HG-treated SV40-MES13 cells; differently, DUSP22 small interfering RNA facilitated them under the LG condition. In conclusion, DUSP22 suppresses HG-induced mesangial cell hyperproliferation, fibrosis, inflammation and the MAPK pathway, implying its potency in DN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Shi
- General Medical Ward, Harbin Institute of Technology Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Lingyan Zhang
- General Medical Ward, Harbin Institute of Technology Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Lingyan Zhang, General Medical Ward, Harbin Institute of Technology Hospital, 2 Xiaowai Street, Nangang, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
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Cao Y, Lin JH, Hammes HP, Zhang C. Cellular phenotypic transitions in diabetic nephropathy: An update. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1038073. [PMID: 36408221 PMCID: PMC9666367 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1038073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes and is the most common cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD). Renal fibrosis is the final pathological change in DN. It is widely believed that cellular phenotypic switching is the cause of renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy. Several types of kidney cells undergo activation and differentiation and become reprogrammed to express markers of mesenchymal cells or podocyte-like cells. However, the development of targeted therapy for DN has not yet been identified. Here, we discussed the pathophysiologic changes of DN and delineated the possible origins that contribute to myofibroblasts and podocytes through phenotypic transitions. We also highlight the molecular signaling pathways involved in the phenotypic transition, which would provide valuable information for the activation of phenotypic switching and designing effective therapies for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji-Hong Lin
- 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hammes
- 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Chun Zhang,
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Wang B, Yang X, Sun X, Liu J, Fu Y, Liu B, Qiu J, Lian J, Zhou J. ATF3 in atherosclerosis: a controversial transcription factor. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:1557-1568. [PMID: 36207452 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02263-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the pathophysiological basis of most malignant cardiovascular diseases, remains a global concern. Transcription factors play a key role in regulating cell function and disease progression in developmental signaling pathways involved in atherosclerosis. Activated transcription factor (ATF) 3 is an adaptive response gene in the ATF/cAMP response element binding (CREB) protein family that acts as a transcription suppressor or activator by forming homodimers or heterodimers with other ATF/CREB members. Appropriate ATF3 expression is vital for normal physiological cell function. Notably, ATF3 exhibits distinct roles in vascular endothelial cells, macrophages, and the liver, which will also be described in detail. This review provides a new perspective for atherosclerosis therapy by summarizing the mechanism of ATF3 in atherosclerosis, as well as the structure and pathophysiological properties of ATF3. KEY MESSAGES: • In endothelial cells, ATF3 overexpression aggravates oxidative stress and inflammation. • In macrophages and liver cells, ATF3 can act as a negative regulator of inflammation and promote cholesterol metabolism. • ATF3 can be used as a potential therapeutic factor in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Medical College, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Medical College, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Department of Cardiovascular, Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Central Laboratory, Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering, Ningbo, China
| | - Xinyi Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular, Medical College, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jianhui Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Central Laboratory, Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering, Ningbo, China
| | - Yin Fu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Medical College, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Bingyang Liu
- Central Laboratory, Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering, Ningbo, China
| | - Jun Qiu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Medical College, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiangfang Lian
- Department of Cardiovascular, Medical College, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Department of Cardiovascular, Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Central Laboratory, Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering, Ningbo, China
| | - Jianqing Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular, Medical College, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China. .,Department of Cardiovascular, Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, China. .,Central Laboratory, Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering, Ningbo, China.
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Wan J, Liu D, Pan S, Zhou S, Liu Z. NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis in diabetic nephropathy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:998574. [PMID: 36304156 PMCID: PMC9593054 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.998574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the main cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), which is characterized by a series of abnormal changes such as glomerulosclerosis, podocyte loss, renal tubular atrophy and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Simultaneously, the occurrence of inflammatory reaction can promote the aggravation of DN-induced kidney injury. The most important processes in the canonical inflammasome pathway are inflammasome activation and membrane pore formation mediated by gasdermin family. Converging studies shows that pyroptosis can occur in renal intrinsic cells and participate in the development of DN, and its activation mechanism involves a variety of signaling pathways. Meanwhile, the activation of the NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome can not only lead to the occurrence of inflammatory response, but also induce pyroptosis. In addition, a number of drugs targeting pyroptosis-associated proteins have been shown to have potential for treating DN. Consequently, the pathogenesis of pyroptosis and several possible activation pathways of NLRP3 inflammasome were reviewed, and the potential drugs used to treat pyroptosis in DN were summarized in this review. Although relevant studies are still not thorough and comprehensive, these findings still have certain reference value for the understanding, treatment and prognosis of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Wan
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongwei Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shaokang Pan
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sijie Zhou
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Sijie Zhou, ; Zhangsuo Liu,
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Sijie Zhou, ; Zhangsuo Liu,
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Zhou J, Peng X, Ru Y, Xu J. Circ_0060077 Knockdown Alleviates High-Glucose-Induced Cell Apoptosis, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Fibrosis in HK-2 Cells via miR-145-5p/VASN Pathway. Inflammation 2022; 45:1911-1923. [PMID: 35729462 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01649-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN) has been reported. However, the functions of circ_0060077 in DN remain unclear. HK-2 cells were treated with high glucose (HG) to establish DN cell model. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was proceeded to determine the levels of circ_0060077, microRNA-145-5p (miR-145-5p) and vasorin (VASN). Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay and colony formation assay were conducted to assess cell proliferation ability. Flow cytometry analysis was employed for cell apoptosis. The oxidative stress level was evaluated by commercial kits. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was adopted to examine the concentrations of inflammatory factors. Western blot assay was utilized for protein levels. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down assay were manipulated to analyze the relationships among circ_0060077, miR-145-5p and VASN. Circ_0060077 level was increased in DN patients and HG-stimulated HK-2 cells. Circ_0060077 knockdown ameliorated the inhibitory effect of HG on HK-2 cell proliferation and the promotional effects on cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis. MiR-145-5p was identified as the target for circ_0060077 and miR-145-5p inhibition ameliorated the effect of circ_0060077 silencing on HG-induced HK-2 cell injury. Moreover, miR-145-5p directly bound to VASN. Overexpression of miR-145-5p facilitated cell proliferation and repressed apoptosis, oxidative injury, inflammation and fibrosis in HG-induced HK-2 cells by targeting VASN. Circ_0060077 silencing protected HK-2 cells from HG-induced damage by regulating miR-145-5p/VASN axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang City, Henan Province, China
| | - Xia Peng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang City, Henan Province, China
| | - Yanhai Ru
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang City, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiayun Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang City, Henan Province, China.
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Mengstie MA, Chekol Abebe E, Behaile Teklemariam A, Tilahun Mulu A, Agidew MM, Teshome Azezew M, Zewde EA, Agegnehu Teshome A. Endogenous advanced glycation end products in the pathogenesis of chronic diabetic complications. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1002710. [PMID: 36188225 PMCID: PMC9521189 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1002710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a common metabolic illness characterized by hyperglycemia and is linked to long-term vascular problems that can impair the kidney, eyes, nerves, and blood vessels. By increasing protein glycation and gradually accumulating advanced glycation end products in the tissues, hyperglycemia plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Advanced glycation end products are heterogeneous molecules generated from non-enzymatic interactions of sugars with proteins, lipids, or nucleic acids via the glycation process. Protein glycation and the buildup of advanced glycation end products are important in the etiology of diabetes sequelae such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and atherosclerosis. Their contribution to diabetes complications occurs via a receptor-mediated signaling cascade or direct extracellular matrix destruction. According to recent research, the interaction of advanced glycation end products with their transmembrane receptor results in intracellular signaling, gene expression, the release of pro-inflammatory molecules, and the production of free radicals, all of which contribute to the pathology of diabetes complications. The primary aim of this paper was to discuss the chemical reactions and formation of advanced glycation end products, the interaction of advanced glycation end products with their receptor and downstream signaling cascade, and molecular mechanisms triggered by advanced glycation end products in the pathogenesis of both micro and macrovascular complications of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misganaw Asmamaw Mengstie
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
- *Correspondence: Misganaw Asmamaw Mengstie,
| | - Endeshaw Chekol Abebe
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Awgichew Behaile Teklemariam
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Anemut Tilahun Mulu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Melaku Mekonnen Agidew
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Muluken Teshome Azezew
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Edgeit Abebe Zewde
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Assefa Agegnehu Teshome
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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42
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Scharf P, Rizzetto F, Xavier LF, Farsky SHP. Xenobiotics Delivered by Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: Potential Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms on the Pathogenesis of Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810293. [PMID: 36142207 PMCID: PMC9498982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized as sustained damage to the renal parenchyma, leading to impaired renal functions and gradually progressing to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Diabetes mellitus (DM) and arterial hypertension (AH) are underlying diseases of CKD. Genetic background, lifestyle, and xenobiotic exposures can favor CKD onset and trigger its underlying diseases. Cigarette smoking (CS) is a known modified risk factor for CKD. Compounds from tobacco combustion act through multi-mediated mechanisms that impair renal function. Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) consumption, such as e-cigarettes and heated tobacco devices, is growing worldwide. ENDS release mainly nicotine, humectants, and flavorings, which generate several byproducts when heated, including volatile organic compounds and ultrafine particles. The toxicity assessment of these products is emerging in human and experimental studies, but data are yet incipient to achieve truthful conclusions about their safety. To build up the knowledge about the effect of currently employed ENDS on the pathogenesis of CKD, cellular and molecular mechanisms of ENDS xenobiotic on DM, AH, and kidney functions were reviewed. Unraveling the toxic mechanisms of action and endpoints of ENDS exposures will contribute to the risk assessment and implementation of proper health and regulatory interventions.
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43
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Malakoti F, Mohammadi E, Akbari Oryani M, Shanebandi D, Yousefi B, Salehi A, Asemi Z. Polyphenols target miRNAs as a therapeutic strategy for diabetic complications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1865-1881. [PMID: 36069329 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2119364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
MiRNAs are a large group of non-coding RNAs which participate in different cellular pathways like inflammation and oxidation through transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and epigenetic regulation. In the post-transcriptional regulation, miRNA interacts with the 3'-UTR of mRNAs and prevents their translation. This prevention or dysregulation can be a cause of pathological conditions like diabetic complications. A huge number of studies have revealed the association between miRNAs and diabetic complications, including diabetic nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, and delayed wound healing. To address this issue, recent studies have focused on the use of polyphenols as selective and safe drugs in the treatment of diabetes complications. In this article, we will review the involvement of miRNAs in diabetic complications' occurrence or development. Finally, we will review the latest findings on targeting miRNAs by polyphenols like curcumin, resveratrol, and quercetin for diabetic complications therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Malakoti
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Erfan Mohammadi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Akbari Oryani
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Darioush Shanebandi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Azadeh Salehi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Islamic Azad University of Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran
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He BS, Wang X, Zhang Y, Gao C, Wu CK, Guo SR, Gu YT, Li Q, Wang JH. Anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic effects of Moringa oleifera seeds on renal injury diabetic induced by streptozotocin. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Unravelling the Inflammatory Processes in the Early Stages of Diabetic Nephropathy and the Potential Effect of (Ss)-DS-ONJ. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158450. [PMID: 35955585 PMCID: PMC9368839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory processes play a central role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in the early stages of the disease. The authors demonstrate that the glycolipid mimetic (Ss)-DS-ONJ is able to abolish inflammation via the induction of autophagy flux and provokes the inhibition of inflammasome complex in ex vivo and in vitro models, using adult kidney explants from BB rats. The contribution of (Ss)-DS-ONJ to reducing inflammatory events is mediated by the inhibition of classical stress kinase pathways and the blocking of inflammasome complex activation. The (Ss)-DS-ONJ treatment is able to inhibit the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progression, but only when the IL18 levels are reduced by the treatment. These findings suggest that (Ss)-DS-ONJ could be a novel, and multifactorial treatment for DN.
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Aboolian A, Urner S, Roden M, Jha JC, Jandeleit-Dahm K. Diabetic Kidney Disease: From Pathogenesis to Novel Treatment Possibilities. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2022; 274:269-307. [PMID: 35318511 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
One of the microvascular complications of diabetes is diabetic kidney disease (DKD), often leading to end stage renal disease (ESRD) in which patients require costly dialysis or transplantation. The silent onset and irreversible progression of DKD are characterized by a steady decline of the estimated glomerular filtration rate, with or without concomitant albuminuria. The diabetic milieu allows the complex pathophysiology of DKD to enter a vicious cycle by inducing the synthesis of excessive amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causing oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. As no cure is available, intensive research is required to develop novel treatments possibilities. This chapter provides an overview of the important pathomechanisms identified in diabetic kidney disease, the currently established therapies, as well as recently developed novel therapeutic strategies in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ara Aboolian
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sofia Urner
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jay Chandra Jha
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Karin Jandeleit-Dahm
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Jha JC, Dai A, Garzarella J, Charlton A, Urner S, Østergaard JA, Okabe J, Holterman CE, Skene A, Power DA, Ekinci EI, Coughlan MT, Schmidt HHHW, Cooper ME, Touyz RM, Kennedy CR, Jandeleit-Dahm K. Independent of Renox, NOX5 Promotes Renal Inflammation and Fibrosis in Diabetes by Activating ROS-Sensitive Pathways. Diabetes 2022; 71:1282-1298. [PMID: 35275988 DOI: 10.2337/db21-1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Excessive production of renal reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a major role in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Here, we provide key findings demonstrating the predominant pathological role of the pro-oxidant enzyme NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5) in DKD, independent of the previously characterized NOX4 pathway. In patients with diabetes, we found increased expression of renal NOX5 in association with enhanced ROS formation and upregulation of ROS-sensitive factors early growth response 1 (EGR-1), protein kinase C-α (PKC-α), and a key metabolic gene involved in redox balance, thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP). In preclinical models of DKD, overexpression of NOX5 in Nox4-deficient mice enhances kidney damage by increasing albuminuria and augmenting renal fibrosis and inflammation via enhanced ROS formation and the modulation of EGR1, TXNIP, ERK1/2, PKC-α, and PKC-ε. In addition, the only first-in-class NOX inhibitor, GKT137831, appears to be ineffective in the presence of NOX5 expression in diabetes. In vitro, silencing of NOX5 in human mesangial cells attenuated upregulation of EGR1, PKC-α, and TXNIP induced by high glucose levels, as well as markers of inflammation (TLR4 and MCP-1) and fibrosis (CTGF and collagens I and III) via reduction in ROS formation. Collectively, these findings identify NOX5 as a superior target in human DKD compared with other NOX isoforms such as NOX4, which may have been overinterpreted in previous rodent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay C Jha
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aozhi Dai
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica Garzarella
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amelia Charlton
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sofia Urner
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Jakob A Østergaard
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Steno Diabetes Centre Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jun Okabe
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chet E Holterman
- Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison Skene
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - David A Power
- Department of Nephrology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elif I Ekinci
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melinda T Coughlan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harald H H W Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mark E Cooper
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Chris R Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karin Jandeleit-Dahm
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
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48
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Oe Y, Vallon V. The Pathophysiological Basis of Diabetic Kidney Protection by Inhibition of SGLT2 and SGLT1. KIDNEY AND DIALYSIS 2022; 2:349-368. [PMID: 36380914 PMCID: PMC9648862 DOI: 10.3390/kidneydial2020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
SGLT2 inhibitors can protect the kidneys of patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus and slow the progression towards end-stage kidney disease. Blocking tubular SGLT2 and spilling glucose into the urine, which triggers a metabolic counter-regulation similar to fasting, provides unique benefits, not only as an anti-hyperglycemic strategy. These include a low hypoglycemia risk and a shift from carbohydrate to lipid utilization and mild ketogenesis, thereby reducing body weight and providing an additional energy source. SGLT2 inhibitors counteract hyperreabsorption in the early proximal tubule, which acutely lowers glomerular pressure and filtration and thereby reduces the physical stress on the filtration barrier, the filtration of tubule-toxic compounds, and the oxygen demand for tubular reabsorption. This improves cortical oxygenation, which, together with lesser tubular gluco-toxicity and improved mitochondrial function and autophagy, can reduce pro-inflammatory, pro-senescence, and pro-fibrotic signaling and preserve tubular function and GFR in the long-term. By shifting transport downstream, SGLT2 inhibitors more equally distribute the transport burden along the nephron and may mimic systemic hypoxia to stimulate erythropoiesis, which improves oxygen delivery to the kidney and other organs. SGLT1 inhibition improves glucose homeostasis by delaying intestinal glucose absorption and by increasing the release of gastrointestinal incretins. Combined SGLT1 and SGLT2 inhibition has additive effects on renal glucose excretion and blood glucose control. SGLT1 in the macula densa senses luminal glucose, which affects glomerular hemodynamics and has implications for blood pressure control. More studies are needed to better define the therapeutic potential of SGLT1 inhibition to protect the kidney, alone or in combination with SGLT2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Oe
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Volker Vallon
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA
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49
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Ma Z, Zhu L, Wang S, Guo X, Sun B, Wang Q, Chen L. Berberine protects diabetic nephropathy by suppressing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition involving the inactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Ren Fail 2022; 44:923-932. [PMID: 35618411 PMCID: PMC9154812 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2022.2079525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has implicated that berberine (BBR) has a beneficial effect on diabetic kidney disease (DKD), but its mechanism is not clear. The aim of this study was to assess whether berberine could alleviate tubulointerstitial fibrosis and attenuate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its possible molecular mechanism. High-fat diet (HFD) followed by injection of STZ was used to induce diabetic rats in vivo. After the onset of diabetes, rats were treated with either BBR or saline for 12 weeks. In vitro, the human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line (HK-2) was exposed to high glucose, with or without BBR. The influence of berberine on renal tubulointerstitial histological changes, markers of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and (NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3) NLRP3 inflammasome expression were examined. Results showed that in vivo, BBR could significantly ameliorate microalbumin and renal pathologic changes in diabetic rats. Immunofluorescence showed that BBR could inhibit EMT. Furthermore, BBR could down-regulate the level of the NLRP3 inflammasome in diabetic rats. Consistently, in vitro, BBR suppressed high glucose-induced EMT and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in HK-2. Our study demonstrated that BBR could inhibit high glucose-induced EMT and renal interstitial fibrosis by suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome. BBR might be used as a novel drug to ameliorate tubulointerstitial fibrosis in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejun Ma
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin
| | - Lili Zhu
- Tianjin Medical Devices Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Shangshang Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin
| | - Xin Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin
| | - Bei Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin
| | - Qilong Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Liming Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin
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50
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Chen Y, Zou H, Lu H, Xiang H, Chen S. Research progress of endothelial-mesenchymal transition in diabetic kidney disease. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:3313-3322. [PMID: 35560773 PMCID: PMC9189345 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is an important pathological feature of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), manifested as tubular interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy, glomerulosclerosis and damage to the normal structure of the kidney. Renal fibrosis can eventually develop into renal failure. A better understanding of renal fibrosis in DKD is needed due to clinical limitations of current anti‐fibrotic drugs in terms of effectiveness, cost‐effectiveness and side effects. Fibrosis is characterized by local excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, which is derived from activated myofibroblasts to increase its production or specific tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases to reduce its degradation. In recent years, endothelial‐mesenchymal transition (EndMT) has gradually integrated into the pathogenesis of fibrosis. In animal models of diabetic kidney disease, it has been found that EndMT is involved in the formation of renal fibrosis and multiple signalling pathways such as TGF‐β signalling pathway, Wnt signalling pathway and non‐coding RNA network participate in the regulation of EndMT during fibrosis. Here, we mainly review EndMT regulation and targeted therapy of renal fibrosis in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hang Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongwei Lu
- Center for Experimental Medical Research, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Center for Experimental Medical Research, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuhua Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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