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Wang F, Huang X, Wang S, Wu D, Zhang M, Wei W. The main molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and its role in chronic kidney disease. Cell Signal 2024; 121:111256. [PMID: 38878804 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The term ferroptosis, coined in 2012, has been widely applied in various disease research fields. Ferroptosis is a newly regulated form of cell death distinct from apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy, the mechanisms of which have been extensively studied. Chronic kidney disease, characterized by renal dysfunction, is a common disease severely affecting human health, with its occurrence and development influenced by multiple factors and leading to dysfunction in multiple systems. It often lacks obvious clinical symptoms in the early stages, and thus, diagnosis is typically made in the later stages, complicating treatment. While research on ferroptosis and acute kidney injury has made continuous progress, studies on the association between ferroptosis and chronic kidney disease remain limited. This review aims to summarize chronic kidney disease, investigate the mechanism and regulation of ferroptosis, and attempt to elucidate the role of ferroptosis in the occurrence and development of chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulin Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuesong Huang
- Department of Urology, Jilin People's Hospital, Jilin, China
| | - Shaokun Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dawei Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | | | - Wei Wei
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Ahmed Salıh Gezh S, Deveci K, Sivgin H, Guzelgul F. Serum L C3-II levels in type 2 diabetic patients with impaired renal functions. Cytokine 2024; 181:156683. [PMID: 38943738 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate serum LC3-II, BCL-2, IL-1β, TGF-β1, and podocin levels in. type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients with renal dysfunction. MATERIALS 176 Turkish subjects were enrolled, of whom 26 were healthy, and 150 had T2DM. PATIENTS were classified according to albumin urea ratio: 88 patients had macroalbuminuria, 20. patients had microalbuminuria, and 42 had normoalbuminuria. T2DM patients were also. classified into three groups according to proteinuria and eGFR stages. RESULTS Increased serum LC3-II levels in patients with T2DM with increased urinary albumin. extraction and impaired renal functions. There was a strong relationship between serum. LC3-II levels and serum BCL-2, IL-1β, TGF-β1, and Podocin levels. The efficiency of LC3- II as a diagnostic biomarker in the differential diagnosis of DM patients with. macroproteinuria from DM patients with normoproteinuria was 75.4%. CONCLUSIONS It was thought that increased serum LC3-II levels in T2DM patients with impaired renal. functions may cause renal podocyte damage. In these patients, serum LC3-II levels can be. evaluated as a new biomarker to follow the development of renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Ahmed Salıh Gezh
- Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, 60100, Tokat, Turkey.
| | - Koksal Deveci
- Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, 60100, Tokat, Turkey.
| | - Hakan Sivgin
- Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 60100, Tokat, Turkey.
| | - Figen Guzelgul
- Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, 60100, Tokat, Turkey.
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3
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Zuo D, Luo M, Liu C, Yang A, Shen Y, Xu J, He A, Li X. HAO2 protects from proximal tubular cells injured in rats with chronic kidney disease by promoting fatty acid metabolic processes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167342. [PMID: 39002705 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
The complex pathogenesis of kidney disease is closely related to the diversity of kidney intrinsic cells. In this study, single-cell transcriptome sequencing technology was used to sequence and analyze blood and kidney tissue cells in normal control rats and rats with chronic kidney disease (CKD), focusing on key cell populations and functional enrichment to explore the pathogenesis of CKD. Oil red O staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect lipid droplets and free fatty acid (FFA). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blot (WB) were used to verify the differential gene hydroxyacid oxidase 2 (HAO2) and fatty acid metabolic process in tissue to ensure the reliability of single-cell sequencing results. We successfully established a single-cell transcriptome atlas of blood and kidney tissue in rats with CKD, which were annotated into 14 cell subsets (MPCs, PT, Tc, DCT, B-IC, A-IC, CNT, ALOH, BC, Neu, Endo, Pla, NKT, Baso) according to marker gene, and the integrated single-cell atlas of rats showed a significant increase and decrease of MPCs and PTs in the CKD group, respectively. Functional analysis found extensive enrichment of metabolic-related pathways in PT cells, includes fatty acid metabolic process, cellular amino acid metabolic process and generation of precursor metabolites and energy. Immunohistochemical experiments determined that the differential gene HAO2 was localized in the renal tubules, and its expression was significantly reduced in CKD group compared with control, and oil red O staining showed that lipid droplets increased in the CKD group, after overexpression of HAO2 the lipid droplets was inhibited. ELISA assay showed that ATP content decreased in the CKD group and FFA increased in the CKD group. Moreover, the mitochondrial membrane potential of the cells in the OE-HAO2 group was significantly increased compared with OE-NC. The acyl-CoA oxidase 1(ACOX1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) were decreased in the CKD group, while genes and proteins were increased after overexpression of HAO2, and the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylated proteins were increased, the acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylated proteins were decreased, reversely. Therefore, HAO2 may be an important regulator of fatty acid metabolic processes in CKD, and overexpression of HAO2 can enhance fatty acid metabolism by promoting fatty acid oxidation (FAO) pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Zuo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Precision Medical Industry Technology Research Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Minghao Luo
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.; Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengxuan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Aimin Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Youfeng Shen
- Chongqing Precision Medical Industry Technology Research Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Chongqing Precision Medical Industry Technology Research Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - An He
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.; Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xunjia Li
- Department of Nephrology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Precision Medical Industry Technology Research Institute, Chongqing, China.
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Cortés-Camacho F, Zambrano-Vásquez OR, Aréchaga-Ocampo E, Castañeda-Sánchez JI, Gonzaga-Sánchez JG, Sánchez-Gloria JL, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Osorio-Alonso H. Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter Inhibitors: Cellular Mechanisms Involved in the Lipid Metabolism and the Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease Associated with Metabolic Syndrome. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:768. [PMID: 39061837 PMCID: PMC11274291 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifactorial condition that significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recent studies have emphasized the role of lipid dysregulation in activating cellular mechanisms that contribute to CKD progression in the context of MetS. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have demonstrated efficacy in improving various components of MetS, including obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. While SGLT2i have shown cardioprotective benefits, the underlying cellular mechanisms in MetS and CKD remain poorly studied. Therefore, this review aims to elucidate the cellular mechanisms by which SGLT2i modulate lipid metabolism and their impact on insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and CKD progression. We also explore the potential benefits of combining SGLT2i with other antidiabetic drugs. By examining the beneficial effects, molecular targets, and cytoprotective mechanisms of both natural and synthetic SGLT2i, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of their therapeutic potential in managing MetS-induced CKD. The information presented here highlights the significance of SGLT2i in addressing the complex interplay between metabolic dysregulation, lipid metabolism dysfunction, and renal impairment, offering clinicians and researchers a valuable resource for developing improved treatment strategies and personalized approaches for patients with MetS and CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Cortés-Camacho
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biologicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (F.C.-C.); (O.R.Z.-V.)
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México City 14080, Mexico; (J.G.G.-S.); (L.G.S.-L.)
| | - Oscar René Zambrano-Vásquez
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biologicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (F.C.-C.); (O.R.Z.-V.)
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México City 14080, Mexico; (J.G.G.-S.); (L.G.S.-L.)
| | - Elena Aréchaga-Ocampo
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa, Mexico City 05348, Mexico;
| | | | - José Guillermo Gonzaga-Sánchez
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México City 14080, Mexico; (J.G.G.-S.); (L.G.S.-L.)
| | - José Luis Sánchez-Gloria
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Laura Gabriela Sánchez-Lozada
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México City 14080, Mexico; (J.G.G.-S.); (L.G.S.-L.)
| | - Horacio Osorio-Alonso
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México City 14080, Mexico; (J.G.G.-S.); (L.G.S.-L.)
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Malheiro LFL, Fernandes MM, Oliveira CA, Barcelos IDS, Fernandes AJV, Silva BS, Ávila JS, Soares TDJ, Amaral LSDB. Renoprotective mechanisms of exercise training against acute and chronic renal diseases - A perspective based on experimental studies. Life Sci 2024; 346:122628. [PMID: 38614303 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Regular exercise training can lead to several health benefits, reduce mortality risk, and increase life expectancy. On the other hand, a sedentary lifestyle is a known risk factor for chronic diseases and increased mortality. Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) represent a significant global health problem, affecting millions of people worldwide. The progression from AKI to CKD is well-recognized in the literature, and exercise training has emerged as a potential renoprotective strategy. Thus, this article aims to review the main molecular mechanisms underlying the renoprotective actions of exercise training in the context of AKI and CKD, focusing on its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-fibrotic, and autophagy regulatory effects. For that, bibliographical research was carried out in Medline/PubMed and Scielo databases. Although the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in renal diseases are not fully understood, experimental studies demonstrate that oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and dysregulation of fibrotic and autophagic processes play central roles in the development of tissue damage. Increasing evidence has suggested that exercise can beneficially modulate these mechanisms, potentially becoming a safe and effective non-pharmacological strategy for kidney health protection and promotion. Thus, the evidence base discussed in this review suggests that an adequate training program emerges as a valuable tool for preserving renal function in experimental animals, mainly through the production of antioxidant enzymes, nitric oxide (NO), irisin, IL-10, and IL-11. Future research can continue to explore these mechanisms to develop specific guidelines for the prescription of exercise training in different populations of patients with kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Fabiana Luz Malheiro
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Brazil
| | - Mariana Masimessi Fernandes
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Caroline Assunção Oliveira
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Brazil
| | - Isadora de Souza Barcelos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Ana Jullie Veiga Fernandes
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Bruna Santos Silva
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Júlia Spínola Ávila
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Telma de Jesus Soares
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Brazil
| | - Liliany Souza de Brito Amaral
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Brazil.
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Njeim R, Merscher S, Fornoni A. Mechanisms and implications of podocyte autophagy in chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F877-F893. [PMID: 38601984 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00415.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a protective mechanism through which cells degrade and recycle proteins and organelles to maintain cellular homeostasis and integrity. An accumulating body of evidence underscores the significant impact of dysregulated autophagy on podocyte injury in chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the diverse types of autophagy and their regulation in cellular homeostasis, with a specific emphasis on podocytes. Furthermore, we discuss recent findings that focus on the functional role of different types of autophagy during podocyte injury in chronic kidney disease. The intricate interplay between different types of autophagy and podocyte health requires further research, which is critical for understanding the pathogenesis of CKD and developing targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Njeim
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Sandra Merscher
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
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7
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Zhu M, Guo Z, Xu H, Li X, Chen H, Cao R, Lv Y. Aminoguanidine alleviates gout in goslings experimentally infected with goose astrovirus-2 by reducing kidney lesions. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103484. [PMID: 38306918 PMCID: PMC10847692 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Goose astrovirus (GAstV)-2, a novel pathogen identified in 2018, mainly causes visceral gout in goslings, leading to approximately 50% mortality. At present, no commercial veterinary products are available to prevent and treat the disease. Our previous studies showed that nitric oxide (NO) and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) were markedly higher in the kidney and spleen of goslings infected with GAstV-2, but their effects during GAstV-2 infection remain unclear. In the present study, goslings were intraperitoneally injected with aminoguanidine (AG)-an iNOS inhibitor-to examine the role of NO during GAstV-2 infection. AG significantly decreased the serum NO concentration and iNOS mRNA expression in the kidney. Moreover, AG reduced the mortality, serum uric acid and creatinine content, and urate deposition in visceral organs and joints. Histopathological analysis demonstrated that AG reduced renal tubular cell necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, glycogen deposition in glomerular mesangium, and interstitial fibrosis, suggesting alleviation of kidney lesions. Furthermore, AG decreased the expression of renal injury markers such as KIM-1 and desmin; inflammatory cytokine-related genes such as IL-1β, IL-8, and MMP-9; and autophagy-related genes and proteins such as LC3II, ATG5, and Beclin1. However, quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry showed that treatment with AG did not affect the kidney and liver viral load. These findings suggest that AG decreases the mortality rate and kidney lesions in goslings infected with GAstV-2 through mechanisms associated with autophagy and inhibition of inflammatory cytokine production in the kidney but not with GAstV-2 replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zixuan Guo
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Haoran Xu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xinyang Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- Engineering Research Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Original Zoonosis of Fujian Province University, College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, China
| | - Ruibing Cao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yingjun Lv
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Yin H, Wang C, Guo H, Li X, Liu J. The mechanism of nickel-induced autophagy and its role in nephrotoxicity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 273:116150. [PMID: 38430579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/04/2024]
Abstract
Nickel (Ni), an environmental health hazard, is nephrotoxic to humans, but the exact mechanism is unknown. This study aims to identify whether nephrotoxicity is associated with autophagy. Here, nickel chloride (NiCl2) increased autophagy in TCMK-1 cells. NiCl2 induces autophagy through Akt and AMPK/mTOR pathways. Next, oxidative stress was investigated in NiCl2-induced autophagy. The findings demonstrated that the antioxidant (NAC) or mitochondrial targeted antioxidant (Mito-TEMPO) attenuated NiCl2-induced autophagy, reversed the influence on AMPK-mTOR and Akt pathways. Additionally, our study examined the role of autophagy in NiCl2-induced nephrotoxicity. Autophagy inhibition with 3-MA could inhibit cell viability and increase apoptosis in the TCMK-1 cells, however, autophagy promotion with rapamycin relieved cytotoxicity and decreased apoptosis. Additionally, co-treatment with Z-VAD-FMK reduced cytotoxicity, but did not affect autophagy. Besides, NiCl2 can increase the level of mitophagy in vivo and vitro. Mitophagy inhibition could inhibit cell viability and increase apoptosis in the TCMK-1 cells, whereas, promotion of mitophagy could increase cell viability and decrease apoptosis. In summary, above-mentioned results showed that NiCl2 induces autophagy in TCMK-1 cells through oxidative stress-dependent AMPK/AKT-mTOR pathway, autophagy plays a role in reducing NiCl2-induced renal toxicity, and a major mechanism in autophagy's inhibitory effect on NiCl2-induced apoptosis may be mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Yin
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, China
| | - Chengbi Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, China
| | - Hongrui Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xiaocong Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, China.
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Jiang H, Yang J, Li T, Wang X, Fan Z, Ye Q, Du Y. JAK/STAT3 signaling in cardiac fibrosis: a promising therapeutic target. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1336102. [PMID: 38495094 PMCID: PMC10940489 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1336102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a serious health problem because it is a common pathological change in almost all forms of cardiovascular diseases. Cardiac fibrosis is characterized by the transdifferentiation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) into cardiac myofibroblasts and the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components produced by activated myofibroblasts, which leads to fibrotic scar formation and subsequent cardiac dysfunction. However, there are currently few effective therapeutic strategies protecting against fibrogenesis. This lack is largely because the molecular mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis remain unclear despite extensive research. The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling cascade is an extensively present intracellular signal transduction pathway and can regulate a wide range of biological processes, including cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune response. Various upstream mediators such as cytokines, growth factors and hormones can initiate signal transmission via this pathway and play corresponding regulatory roles. STAT3 is a crucial player of the JAK/STAT pathway and its activation is related to inflammation, malignant tumors and autoimmune illnesses. Recently, the JAK/STAT3 signaling has been in the spotlight for its role in the occurrence and development of cardiac fibrosis and its activation can promote the proliferation and activation of CFs and the production of ECM proteins, thus leading to cardiac fibrosis. In this manuscript, we discuss the structure, transactivation and regulation of the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway and review recent progress on the role of this pathway in cardiac fibrosis. Moreover, we summarize the current challenges and opportunities of targeting the JAK/STAT3 signaling for the treatment of fibrosis. In summary, the information presented in this article is critical for comprehending the role of the JAK/STAT3 pathway in cardiac fibrosis, and will also contribute to future research aimed at the development of effective anti-fibrotic therapeutic strategies targeting the JAK/STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Junjie Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhongcai Fan
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Ye
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanfei Du
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Zhao M, Yin Y, Yang B, Chang M, Ma S, Shi X, Li Q, Li P, Zhang Y. Ameliorative effects of Modified Huangqi Chifeng decoction on podocyte injury via autophagy mediated by PI3K/AKT/mTOR and AMPK/mTOR pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 321:117520. [PMID: 38042389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Proteinuria is recognized as a risk factor for the exacerbation of chronic kidney disease. Modified Huangqi Chifeng decoction (MHCD) has distinct advantages in reducing proteinuria. Our previous experimental results have shown that MHCD can inhibit excessive autophagy. However, the specific mechanism by which MHCD regulates autophagy needs to be further explored. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, in vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted to further clarify the protective mechanism of MHCD on the kidney and podocytes by regulating autophagy based on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR signaling pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS By a single injection via the tail vein, Sprague-Dawley rats received Adriamycin (5 mg/kg) to establish a model of proteinuria nephropathy. They were divided into control, model, MHCD, 3-methyladenine (3 MA), 3 MA + MHCD, and telmisartan groups and were administered continuously for 6 weeks. The MHCD-containing serum was prepared, and a model of podocyte injury induced by Adriamycin (0.2 μg/mL) was established. RESULTS MHCD reduced the 24-h urine protein levels and relieved pathological kidney damage. During autophagy in the kidneys of rats with Adriamycin-induced nephropathy, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is inhibited, while the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway is activated. MHCD antagonized these effects, thereby inhibiting excessive autophagy. MHCD alleviated Adriamycin-induced podocyte autophagy, as demonstrated using Pik3r1 siRNA and an overexpression plasmid for Prkaa1/Prkaa2. Furthermore, MHCD could activate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway while suppressing the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that MHCD can activate the interaction between the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathways to maintain autophagy balance, inhibit excessive autophagy, and play a role in protecting the kidneys and podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Yundong Yin
- Postdoctoral Research Station, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China; Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Pathology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Meiying Chang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Sijia Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Xiujie Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Peng Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of Beijing, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Xin-Huangpu Joint Innovation Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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11
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He M, Wei W, Zhang Y, Xiang Z, Peng D, Kasimumali A, Rong S. Gut microbial metabolites SCFAs and chronic kidney disease. J Transl Med 2024; 22:172. [PMID: 38369469 PMCID: PMC10874542 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04974-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The global incidence of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is steadily escalating, with discernible linkage to the intricate terrain of intestinal microecology. The intestinal microbiota orchestrates a dynamic equilibrium in the organism, metabolizing dietary-derived compounds, a process which profoundly impacts human health. Among these compounds, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which result from microbial metabolic processes, play a versatile role in influencing host energy homeostasis, immune function, and intermicrobial signaling, etc. SCFAs emerge as pivotal risk factors influencing CKD's development and prognosis. This paper review elucidates the impact of gut microbial metabolites, specifically SCFAs, on CKD, highlighting their role in modulating host inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, cellular autophagy, the immune milieu, and signaling cascades. An in-depth comprehension of the interplay between SCFAs and kidney disease pathogenesis may pave the way for their utilization as biomarkers for CKD progression and prognosis or as novel adjunctive therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng He
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Wenqian Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yichen Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Zhouxia Xiang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Dan Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Ayijiaken Kasimumali
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Shu Rong
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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12
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Wu Y, Li L, Ning Z, Li C, Yin Y, Chen K, Li L, Xu F, Gao J. Autophagy-modulating biomaterials: multifunctional weapons to promote tissue regeneration. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:124. [PMID: 38360732 PMCID: PMC10868121 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01346-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a self-renewal mechanism that maintains homeostasis and can promote tissue regeneration by regulating inflammation, reducing oxidative stress and promoting cell differentiation. The interaction between biomaterials and tissue cells significantly affects biomaterial-tissue integration and tissue regeneration. In recent years, it has been found that biomaterials can affect various processes related to tissue regeneration by regulating autophagy. The utilization of biomaterials in a controlled environment has become a prominent approach for enhancing the tissue regeneration capabilities. This involves the regulation of autophagy in diverse cell types implicated in tissue regeneration, encompassing the modulation of inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix formation. In addition, biomaterials possess the potential to serve as carriers for drug delivery, enabling the regulation of autophagy by either activating or inhibiting its processes. This review summarizes the relationship between autophagy and tissue regeneration and discusses the role of biomaterial-based autophagy in tissue regeneration. In addition, recent advanced technologies used to design autophagy-modulating biomaterials are summarized, and rational design of biomaterials for providing controlled autophagy regulation via modification of the chemistry and surface of biomaterials and incorporation of cells and molecules is discussed. A better understanding of biomaterial-based autophagy and tissue regeneration, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms, may lead to new possibilities for promoting tissue regeneration. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Tissue Damage and Repair, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Luxin Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Tissue Damage and Repair, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Zuojun Ning
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Changrong Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Tissue Damage and Repair, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Yongkui Yin
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Tissue Damage and Repair, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Kaiyuan Chen
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Tissue Damage and Repair, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of plastic surgery, Naval Specialty Medical Center of PLA, Shanghai, 200052, China.
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of plastic surgery, Naval Specialty Medical Center of PLA, Shanghai, 200052, China.
| | - Jie Gao
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Zheng X, Yin L, Song J, Chen J, Gu W, Shi M, Zhang H. ELABELA protects against diabetic kidney disease by activating high glucose-inhibited renal tubular autophagy. J Biomed Res 2023; 37:460-469. [PMID: 38018421 PMCID: PMC10687528 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.37.20220214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
ELABELA (ELA), an endogenous ligand of the apelin receptor (also known as apelin peptide jejunum [APJ]), has been shown to decrease in the plasma of patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). In the current study, we explored the potential function as well as the underlying mechanisms of ELA in DKD. We first found that the ELA levels were decreased in the kidneys of DKD mice. Then, we found that ELA administration mitigated renal damage and downregulated the expression of fibronectin, collagen Ⅳ, and transforming growth factor-β1 in the db/db mice and the high glucose cultured HK-2 cells. Furthermore, the autophagy markers, Beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ ratio, were significantly impaired in DKD, but the ELA treatment reversed these alterations. Mechanistically, the inhibitory effects of ELA on the secretion of fibrosis-associated proteins in high glucose conditions were blocked by pretreatment with 3-methyladenine (an autophagy inhibitor). In summary, these in vivo and in vitro results demonstrate that ELA effectively protects against DKD by activating high glucose-inhibited renal tubular autophagy, potentially serving as a novel therapeutic candidate for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyin Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Lulu Yin
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Jing Song
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Wensha Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, China
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Zhao X, Bie LY, Pang DR, Li X, Yang LF, Chen DD, Wang YR, Gao Y. The role of autophagy in the treatment of type II diabetes and its complications: a review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1228045. [PMID: 37810881 PMCID: PMC10551182 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1228045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by prolonged hyperglycemia and insulin resistance (IR). Its incidence is increasing annually, posing a significant threat to human life and health. Consequently, there is an urgent requirement to discover effective drugs and investigate the pathogenesis of T2DM. Autophagy plays a crucial role in maintaining normal islet structure. However, in a state of high glucose, autophagy is inhibited, resulting in impaired islet function, insulin resistance, and complications. Studies have shown that modulating autophagy through activation or inhibition can have a positive impact on the treatment of T2DM and its complications. However, it is important to note that the specific regulatory mechanisms vary depending on the target organ. This review explores the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of T2DM, taking into account both genetic and external factors. It also provides a summary of reported chemical drugs and traditional Chinese medicine that target the autophagic pathway for the treatment of T2DM and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lu-Yao Bie
- Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dao-Ran Pang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Long-Fei Yang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Dan-Dan Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yue-Rui Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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15
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Han S, Choi H, Park H, Kim JJ, Lee EJ, Ham YR, Na KR, Lee KW, Chang YK, Choi DE. Omega-3 Fatty Acids Attenuate Renal Fibrosis via AMPK-Mediated Autophagy Flux Activation. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2553. [PMID: 37760994 PMCID: PMC10525956 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) injury model is well-known to mimic human chronic kidney disease, promoting the rapid onset and development of kidney injury. ω3-poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been observed to protect against tissue injury in many disease models. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of ω3-PUFAs in attenuating UUO injury and investigated their mechanism of action. The immortalized human proximal tubular cells human kidney-2 (HK2) were incubated for 72 h with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in various concentrations, in the presence or absence of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. DHA/EPA reduced the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the TGF-β-treated HK2 cells by enhancing autophagy flux and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation. C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups and treated as follows: sham (no treatment, n = 5), sham + ω3-PUFAs (n = 5), UUO (n = 10), and UUO + ω3-PUFAs (n = 10). Their kidneys and blood were harvested on the seventh day following UUO injury. The kidneys of the ω3-PUFAs-treated UUO mice showed less oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis compared to those of the untreated UUO mice. Greater autophagic flux, higher amounts of microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3)-II, Beclin-1, and Atg7, lower amounts of p62, and higher levels of cathepsin D and ATP6E were observed in the kidneys of the omega-3-treated UUO mice compared to those of the control UUO mice. In conclusion, ω3-PUFAs enhanced autophagic activation, leading to a renoprotective response against chronic kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyeon Han
- Department of Nephrology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; (S.H.); (E.-J.L.); (Y.-R.H.); (K.-R.N.); (K.-W.L.)
| | - Hyunsu Choi
- Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon Saint Mary’s Hospital, Daejeon 34943, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyerim Park
- Department of Medical Science, Medical School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; (H.P.); (J.-J.K.)
| | - Jwa-Jin Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Medical School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; (H.P.); (J.-J.K.)
| | - Eu-Jin Lee
- Department of Nephrology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; (S.H.); (E.-J.L.); (Y.-R.H.); (K.-R.N.); (K.-W.L.)
| | - Young-Rok Ham
- Department of Nephrology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; (S.H.); (E.-J.L.); (Y.-R.H.); (K.-R.N.); (K.-W.L.)
| | - Ki-Rayng Na
- Department of Nephrology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; (S.H.); (E.-J.L.); (Y.-R.H.); (K.-R.N.); (K.-W.L.)
| | - Kang-Wook Lee
- Department of Nephrology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; (S.H.); (E.-J.L.); (Y.-R.H.); (K.-R.N.); (K.-W.L.)
| | - Yoon-Kyung Chang
- Department of Nephrology, Daejeon Saint Mary’s Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon 34943, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Eun Choi
- Department of Nephrology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; (S.H.); (E.-J.L.); (Y.-R.H.); (K.-R.N.); (K.-W.L.)
- Department of Medical Science, Medical School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; (H.P.); (J.-J.K.)
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Ji B, Liu J, Yin Y, Xu H, Shen Q, Yu J. Minnelide combined with anti-ANGPTL3-FLD monoclonal antibody completely protects mice with adriamycin nephropathy by promoting autophagy and inhibiting apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:601. [PMID: 37689694 PMCID: PMC10492865 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06124-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Minimal change disease (MCD) is the common type of nephrotic syndrome (NS) in children. Currently, there is an urgent need to explore new treatments because of the significant side effects of long-term use of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive drugs and the failure to reduce proteinuria in some patients. Angiopoietin-like protein 3 (Angptl3) is an essential target of NS, and anti-ANGPTL3-FLD monoclonal antibody (mAb) significantly reduces proteinuria in mice with adriamycin nephropathy (AN). However, some proteinuria is persistent. Minnelide, a water-soluble prodrug of triptolide, has been used for the treatment of glomerular disease. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate whether minnelide combined with mAb could further protect mice with AN and the underlying mechanisms. 8-week-old C57BL/6 female mice were injected with 25 mg/kg of Adriamycin (ADR) by tail vein to establish the AN model. A dose of 200 μg/kg of minnelide or 20 mg/kg of mAb was administered intraperitoneally for the treatment. In vitro, the podocytes were treated with 0.4 μg/mL of ADR for 24 h to induce podocyte injury, and pretreatment with 10 ng/mL of triptolide for 30 min or 100 ng/mL of mAb for 1 h before ADR exposure was used to treat. The results showed that minnelide combined with mAb almost completely ameliorates proteinuria and restores the ultrastructure of the podocytes in mice with AN. In addition, minnelide combined with mAb restores the distribution of Nephrin, Podocin, and CD2AP and reduces the level of inflammatory factors in mice with AN. Mechanistically, minnelide combined with mAb could further alleviate apoptosis and promote autophagy in mice with AN by inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway. In vitro, triptolide combined with mAb increases the expression of Nephrin, Podocin, and CD2AP, alleviates apoptosis, and promotes autophagy. Overall, minnelide combined with mAb completely protects the mice with AN by promoting autophagy and inhibiting apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baowei Ji
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junchao Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Yin
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qian Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Granata S, Bruschi M, Verlato A, Pontrelli P, Gesualdo L, Stallone G, Zaza G. Autophagy Activation in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Peritoneal Dialysis Patients. Kidney Int Rep 2023; 8:1852-1863. [PMID: 37705917 PMCID: PMC10496084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2023.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The complete systemic deregulated biological network in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) is still only partially defined. High-throughput/omics techniques may offer the possibility to analyze the main biological fingerprints associated with this clinical condition. Methods We applied an innovative bioinformatic analysis of gene expression microarray data (mainly based on support vector machine (SVM) learning) to compare the transcriptomic profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of healthy subjects (HS), chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, and patients on PD divided into a microarray group (5 HS, 9 CKD, and 10 PD) and a validation group (10 HS, 15 CKD, and 15 PD). Classical well-standardized biomolecular approaches (western blotting and flow cytometry) were used to validate the transcriptomic results. Results Bioinformatics revealed a distinctive PBMC transcriptomic profiling for PD versus CKD and HS (n = 419 genes). Transcripts encoding for key elements of the autophagic pathway were significantly upregulated in PD, and the autophagy related 5 (ATG5) reached the top level of discrimination [-Log10 P-value = 11.3, variable importance in projection (VIP) score = 4.8, SVM rank:1]. Protein levels of ATG5 and microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta (LC3B), an important constituent of the autophagosome, validated microarray results. In addition, the incubation of PBMCs of HS with serum of patients on PD upregulated both proteins. Autophagy in PBMCs from patients on PD was attenuated by N-acetyl-cysteine or Resatorvid treatment. Conclusions Our data demonstrated, for the first time, that the autophagy pathway is activated in immune-cells of patients on PD, and this may represent a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Granata
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bruschi
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Verlato
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Paola Pontrelli
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Stallone
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Zaza
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Guo W, Li H, Li Y, Kong W. Renal intrinsic cells remodeling in diabetic kidney disease and the regulatory effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115025. [PMID: 37385209 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a prevalent complication of diabetes and a major secondary factor leading to end-stage renal disease. The kidney, a vital organ, is composed of a heterogeneous group of intrinsic cells, including glomerular endothelial cells, podocytes, mesangial cells, tubular epithelial cells, and interstitial fibroblasts. In the context of DKD, hyperglycemia elicits direct or indirect injury to these intrinsic cells, leading to their structural and functional changes, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and transdifferentiation. The dynamic remodeling of intrinsic cells represents an adaptive response to stimulus during the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease. However, the persistent stimulus may trigger an irreversible remodeling, leading to fibrosis and functional deterioration of the kidney. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, a new class of hypoglycemic drugs, exhibit efficacy in reducing blood glucose levels by curtailing renal tubular glucose reabsorption. Furthermore, SGLT2 inhibitors have been shown to modulate intrinsic cell remodeling in the kidney, ameliorate kidney structure and function, and decelerate DKD progression. This review will elaborate on the intrinsic cell remodeling in DKD and the underlying mechanism of SGLT2 inhibitors in modulating it from the perspective of the renal intrinsic cell, providing insights into the pathogenesis of DKD and the renal protective action of SGLT2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China; Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Clinical Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China; Hubei Branch of National Center for Clinical Medical Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China; Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Clinical Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China; Hubei Branch of National Center for Clinical Medical Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China; Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Clinical Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China; Hubei Branch of National Center for Clinical Medical Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Wen Kong
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China; Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Clinical Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China; Hubei Branch of National Center for Clinical Medical Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China.
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GUO Z, SUN L, LIU Y, LI R, LIU C, DIAO K, SHI J, SUN J. Qizhi Jiangtang capsule activates podocyte autophagy in diabetic kidney disease by inhibiting phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathways. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2023; 43:667-675. [PMID: 37454251 PMCID: PMC10320462 DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20230428.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic action and mechanism of the Qizhi Jiangtang capsule (, QZJT) on diabetic kidney disease (DKD) treatment. METHODS This experiment used db/db mice and podocytes (MPC5) to develop DKD model. Evaluation of the effect of the QZJT on db/db mice by testing urine and blood biochemical parameters (24-h urinary albumin, serum creatinine, blood urine nitrogen), pathological kidney injury, and podocyte integrity. Moreover, autophagosomes in podocytes of DKD mice and cultured podocytes were detected using electron microscopy. Additionally, Western blotting was applied to detect the expression of podocyte marker protein (podocin), autophagy-associated proteins, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) signaling pathway changes and . RESULTS QZJT significantly reduced urine protein, blood nitrogen urea, and serum creatinine and showed histological restoration of renal tissues. QZJT also significantly improved the down-regulation of podocin and foot fusion and effacement in db/db mice. QZJT increased autophagic vesicles in mice and cultured podocytes. QZJT also upregulated microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II (LC3-II) / (LC3-I) and Beclin-1 and downregulated phosphorylated-PI3K (p-PI3K), p-AKT, and p-mTOR in db/db mice and MPC5 cells. However, autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine partially alleviated the above effects in MPC5 cells. CONCLUSIONS These results showed that the QZJT can enhance podocyte autophagy and ameliorate podocyte injury in DKD by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoan GUO
- 1 Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Lina SUN
- 2 Department of Nephrology, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi 276003, China
| | - Yingying LIU
- 1 Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Ruifeng LI
- 3 Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Chong LIU
- 3 Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Ke DIAO
- 4 Shandong GuoxinYiyang Group Zibo Hospital, Zibo 255051, China
| | - Jing SHI
- 3 Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Jun SUN
- 3 Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
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Jiang T, Dong Y, Zhu W, Wu T, Chen L, Cao Y, Yu X, Peng Y, Wang L, Xiao Y, Zhong T. Underlying mechanisms and molecular targets of genistein in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus and related complications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37497995 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2240886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease caused by a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors and is characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. Long-term hyperglycemia can cause macrovascular and microvascular damage, and compromise the heart, brain, kidney, peripheral nerves, eyes and other organs, leading to serious complications. Genistein, a phytoestrogen derived from soybean, is known for its various biological activities and therapeutic properties. Recent studies found that genistein not only has hypoglycemic activity but can also decrease insulin resistance. In addition, genistein has particular activity in the prevention and treatment of diabetic complications, such as nephropathy, cardiovascular disease, osteoarthrosis, encephalopathy and retinopathy. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to summarize the latest medical research and progress of genistein in DM and related complications and highlights its potential molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Meanwhile, evidence is provided for the development and application of genistein as a potential drug or functional food in the prevention and treatment of diabetes and its related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR, China
- School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuhe Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR, China
| | - Wanying Zhu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR, China
| | - Linyan Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yuantong Cao
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR, China
| | - Ye Peng
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR, China
| | - Tian Zhong
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR, China
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21
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Giannese D, D'Alessandro C, Panichi V, Pellegrino N, Cupisti A. Nutritional Treatment as a Synergic Intervention to Pharmacological Therapy in CKD Patients. Nutrients 2023; 15:2715. [PMID: 37375619 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutritional and pharmacological therapies represent the basis for non-dialysis management of CKD patients. Both kinds of treatments have specific and unchangeable features and, in certain cases, they also have a synergic action. For instance, dietary sodium restriction enhances the anti-proteinuric and anti-hypertensive effects of RAAS inhibitors, low protein intake reduces insulin resistance and enhances responsiveness to epoetin therapy, and phosphate restriction cooperates with phosphate binders to reduce the net phosphate intake and its consequences on mineral metabolism. It can also be speculated that a reduction in either protein or salt intake can potentially amplify the anti-proteinuric and reno-protective effects of SGLT2 inhibitors. Therefore, the synergic use of nutritional therapy and medications optimizes CKD treatment. Quality of care management is improved and becomes more effective when compared to either treatment alone, with lower costs and fewer risks of unwanted side effects. This narrative review summarizes the established evidence of the synergistic action carried out by the combination of nutritional and pharmacological treatments, underlying how they are not alternative but complementary in CKD patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Giannese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia D'Alessandro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Panichi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicola Pellegrino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Adamasco Cupisti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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22
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Ma S, Zhao M, Chang M, Shi X, Shi Y, Zhang Y. Effects and mechanisms of Chinese herbal medicine on IgA nephropathy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 117:154913. [PMID: 37307737 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), is the main cause of end-stage renal disease, that causes serious physical and psychological burden to patients worldwide. Some traditional treatment measures, such as blocking the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, controlling blood pressure, and following a low-protein diet, may not achieve satisfactory results. Therefore, more effective and safe therapies for IgAN are urgently needed. PURPOSE The aim of this review is to summarize the clinical efficacy of Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) and their active ingredients in the treatment and management of IgAN based on the results of clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, to fully understand the advantages and perspectives of CHMs in the treatment of IgAN. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS For this review, the following electronic databases were consulted: PubMed, ResearchGate, Science Direct, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang Data, "IgA nephropathy," "traditional Chinese medicine," "Chinese herbal medicine," "herb," "mechanism," "Meta-analysis," "systematic review," "RCT" and their combinations were the keywords to search the relevant literature. Data were collected from 1990 to 2022. RESULTS This review found that the active ingredients of CHMs commonly act on multiple signaling pathways in the clinical treatment of IgAN, mainly with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrosis effects, and regulation of autophagy. CONCLUSION Compared with the single-target therapy of modern medicine, CHMs can regulate the corresponding pathways from the aspects of anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-fibrosis and autophagy to play a multi-target treatment of IgAN through syndrome differentiation and treatment, which has good clinical efficacy and can be used as the first choice or alternative therapy for IgAN treatment. This review provides evidence and research direction for a comprehensive clinical understanding of the protective effect of Chinese herbal medicine on IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Meiying Chang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xiujie Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yue Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China.
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Kirat D, Alahwany AM, Arisha AH, Abdelkhalek A, Miyasho T. Role of Macroautophagy in Mammalian Male Reproductive Physiology. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091322. [PMID: 37174722 PMCID: PMC10177121 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiologically, autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved and self-degradative process in cells. Autophagy carries out normal physiological roles throughout mammalian life. Accumulating evidence shows autophagy as a mechanism for cellular growth, development, differentiation, survival, and homeostasis. In male reproductive systems, normal spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis need a balance between degradation and energy supply to preserve cellular metabolic homeostasis. The main process of autophagy includes the formation and maturation of the phagophore, autophagosome, and autolysosome. Autophagy is controlled by a group of autophagy-related genes that form the core machinery of autophagy. Three types of autophagy mechanisms have been discovered in mammalian cells: macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy. Autophagy is classified as non-selective or selective. Non-selective macroautophagy randomly engulfs the cytoplasmic components in autophagosomes that are degraded by lysosomal enzymes. While selective macroautophagy precisely identifies and degrades a specific element, current findings have shown the novel functional roles of autophagy in male reproduction. It has been recognized that dysfunction in the autophagy process can be associated with male infertility. Overall, this review provides an overview of the cellular and molecular basics of autophagy and summarizes the latest findings on the key role of autophagy in mammalian male reproductive physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Kirat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mohamed Alahwany
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Badr City 11829, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hamed Arisha
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Badr City 11829, Egypt
| | - Adel Abdelkhalek
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Badr City 11829, Egypt
| | - Taku Miyasho
- Laboratory of Animal Biological Responses, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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Uehara R, Yamada E, Okada S, Bastie CC, Maeshima A, Ikeuchi H, Horiguchi K, Yamada M. Fyn Phosphorylates Transglutaminase 2 (Tgm2) and Modulates Autophagy and p53 Expression in the Development of Diabetic Kidney Disease. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081197. [PMID: 37190106 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is involved in the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. The Fyn tyrosine kinase (Fyn) suppresses autophagy in the muscle. However, its role in kidney autophagic processes is unclear. Here, we examined the role of Fyn kinase in autophagy in proximal renal tubules both in vivo and in vitro. Phospho-proteomic analysis revealed that transglutaminase 2 (Tgm2), a protein involved in the degradation of p53 in the autophagosome, is phosphorylated on tyrosine 369 (Y369) by Fyn. Interestingly, we found that Fyn-dependent phosphorylation of Tgm2 regulates autophagy in proximal renal tubules in vitro, and that p53 expression is decreased upon autophagy in Tgm2-knockdown proximal renal tubule cell models. Using streptozocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemic mice, we confirmed that Fyn regulated autophagy and mediated p53 expression via Tgm2. Taken together, these data provide a molecular basis for the role of the Fyn-Tgm2-p53 axis in the development of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Uehara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15, Showa, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Eijiro Yamada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15, Showa, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Shuichi Okada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15, Showa, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Claire C Bastie
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Akito Maeshima
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1981 Kamoda, Kawagoe 350-1298, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Ikeuchi
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Horiguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15, Showa, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Masanobu Yamada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15, Showa, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
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25
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Lu L, Lu J, Chen J, Wang B, Peng H, Peng J, Liu X, Lin F, Xiong G. Biomarker identification and pathway analysis of Astragalus membranaceus and Curcuma zedoaria couplet medicines on adenine-induced chronic kidney disease in rats based on metabolomics. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1103527. [PMID: 37089928 PMCID: PMC10116179 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1103527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is usually insidious, and most affected individuals are asymptomatic until the disease becomes advanced. The effective treatment of CKD would rely on the incorporation of multidisciplinary approaches. Astragalus membranaceus (AM) and Curcuma zedoaria (CZ) have been widely used in the treatment of CKD. However, the mechanism of AM and CZ in the treatment of CKD is still unclear.Methods: This study was designed to evaluate the effects of AM and CZ on adenine-induced rats and to investigate the underlying mechanism by using metabolomic analysis. Addition of 0.75% adenine to the diet of rats for 3 weeks induced the animal model of CKD. The rats in the treatment group were treated with AM and CZ (2.1 g/kg/day) for 4 weeks. Blood and kidney samples were collected for biochemical and histological examination. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/Q Exactive HFX mass spectrometer (UHPLC-QE-MS) was applied to analyze metabolic profiling variations in the kidney.Results: The results showed that AM and CZ could significantly reduce serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels in CKD rats and alleviate renal pathological injury. By comparing the endogenous components of the normal group and the model group in positive ion mode and negative ion mode, a total of 365 and 155 different metabolites were screened, respectively. A total of 117 and 73 metabolites with significantly different expressions were identified between model group and AM and CZ group in positive ion mode and negative ion mode, respectively. The pivotal pathways affected by AM and CZ included nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, and glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. Furthermore, significant changes in metabolites in CKD rats after AM and CZ therapies were observed, including L-Threonine, D-pantothenic acid, and nicotinamide. Moreover, we found that AM and CZ significantly reduced renal fibrosis and inflammation in CKD rats, which may be related to the regulation of SIRT1/JNK signaling pathway.Conclusion: In conclusion, AM and CZ significantly reduced renal fibrosis and inflammation in CKD rats, which may be related to the regulation of SIRT1/JNK signaling pathway. Furthermore, L-Threonine, D-pantothenic acid, and nicotinamide may be potential biomarkers for the progression and treatment of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiandong Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiwei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongcheng Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinting Peng
- Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinhui Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Lin, ; Guoliang Xiong,
| | - Guoliang Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Lin, ; Guoliang Xiong,
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Dong R, Zhang X, Liu Y, Zhao T, Sun Z, Liu P, Xiang Q, Xiong J, Du X, Yang X, Gui D, Xu Y. Rutin alleviates EndMT by restoring autophagy through inhibiting HDAC1 via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in diabetic kidney disease. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 112:154700. [PMID: 36774842 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a primary microvascular complication of diabetes. However, a complete cure for DKD has not yet been found. Although there is evidence that Rutin can delay the onset of DKD, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. PURPOSE To investigate the renoprotective effect of Rutin in the process of DKD and to explore its potential molecular mechanisms. METHODS Db/db mice and high glucose (HG)-induced human renal glomerular endothelial cells (GEnCs) were used as in vivo and in vitro models, respectively. Western blot (WB), Immunohistochemistry (IHC)and Immunofluorescence (IF) staining were used to identify the expression level of proteins associated with endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and autophagy. Tandem Mass Tag (TMT)-based proteomics analysis was utilized to reveal the mechanism of Rutin in DKD. Transfection with small interfering RNA (siRNA) to reveal the role of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) in HG-induced GEnCs. RESULTS Following 8 weeks of Rutin administration, db/db mice's kidney function and structure significantly improved. In HG-induced GEnCs, activation of autophagy attenuates cellular EndMT. Rutin could alleviate EndMT and restore autophagy in vivo and in vitro models. Proteomics analysis results showed that HDAC1 significantly downregulated in the 200 mg/kg/d Rutin group compared with the db/db group. Transfection with si-HDAC1 in GEnCs partially blocked HG-induced EndMT and restored autophagy. Furthermore, Rutin inhibits the phosphorylation of the PI3K / AKT/ mTOR pathway. HDAC1 overexpression was suppressed in HG-induced GEnCs after using Rapamycin, a specific mTOR inhibitor, verifying the correlation between mTOR and HDAC1. CONCLUSION Rutin alleviates EndMT by restoring autophagy through inhibiting HDAC1 via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Dong
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Yadi Liu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Zhongyan Sun
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Peiyu Liu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Qian Xiang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Jianfeng Xiong
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Xinwen Du
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Xifei Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dingkun Gui
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Youhua Xu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China; Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China; Department of Endocrinology, Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, China; Zhuhai MUST Science and Technology Research Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, Hengqin, Zhuhai, China.
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Zhang F, Wu R, Liu Y, Dai S, Xue X, Li Y, Gong X. Nephroprotective and nephrotoxic effects of Rhubarb and their molecular mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114297. [PMID: 36716659 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhubarb, in the form of a traditional Chinese medicine, is used in the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Previous studies have demonstrated that Rhubarb possesses a good nephroprotective effect, which primarily protects the kidneys from fibrosis, oxidation, inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis. However, studies have shown that the long-term inappropriate use of Rhubarb may cause damage to renal function. Therefore, how to correctly understand and scientifically evaluate the pharmacodynamics and toxicity of Rhubarb with regard to CKD is a scientific question that urgently needs to be answered. In this review, we explain and illustrate how Rhubarb exerts its nephroprotective effect against CKD. We also describe the mechanisms of action that may cause its nephrotoxicity. Valuable and practical clinical guidance is proposed with regard to methods for mitigating the nephrotoxicity of Rhubarb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Rui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xinyan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Xiaohong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Ma Y, Xie D, Liu J, Han X, Xu H, Chen Y. Angiopoietin-like protein 3 deficiency combined with valsartan administration protects better against podocyte damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109715. [PMID: 37724955 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Podocyte injury is a major pathogenesis of DN. Pharmacological inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is insufficient to fully prevent the development of ESRD. The present investigation aims to evaluate the protective function of valsartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker, alone and in combination with angiopoietin-like protein 3 (Angptl3) knockout against renal damage and podocyte injury in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. The mice were divided into four groups: normal control group, STZ-induced DN group, valsartan + DN group (val, 100 mg/kg, po), and Angptl3-/- + valsartan + DN group. Tests on kidney function, renal pathology, podocyte ultrastructure, podocyte apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and autophagy were performed. The combined Angptl3 knockout/valsartan treatment significantly attenuated diabetes-induced renal pathological damage and improved podocyte ultrastructure compared with valsartan alone. The combined administration ameliorated glomerular injury by increasing nephrin, podocin, and CD2-associated protein (CD2AP) expression levels and inhibiting podocyte loss by apoptosis. Compared with valsartan alone, Angptl3-/- and valsartan combination therapy significantly improved the renal function, as demonstrated by decreasing levels of serum urea nitrogen, creatinine, and urinary albumin. Additionally, the combination treatment significantly activated autophagy and reduced the ROS production than valsartan alone. These findings highlight the role of valsartan to Angptl3 knockout could have much better outcome that opens the future for drugs that could inhibit Angptl3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Ma
- Department of paediatrics, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, School of Medcine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Di Xie
- Emergency Department, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, No. 1665, Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Junchao Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Xinli Han
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of paediatrics, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, School of Medcine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China.
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Ding X, Hou Y, Liu X, Li X, Liu X, Deng Y, Cao N, Yu W. The role of Sirt3-induced autophagy in renal structural damage caused by periodontitis in rats. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:97-108. [PMID: 36380567 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research aimed to explore the effect of periodontitis on renal tissues injury in rats and the role of Sirtuin3 (Sirt3) and its regulation of autophagy in this progression. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty Wistar rats were assigned into three groups: control, periodontitis (P), and periodontitis with gavage administration of Sirt3 activator resveratrol (P + RSV). To induce periodontitis, the wire ligature was placed around the cervical region of the rat maxillary first molar. After 8 weeks, micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) were used to evaluate the alveolar bone resorption and periodontal inflammation. Serum and urine biochemical indicators were measured to assess renal function. The pathological changes of the kidney were observed via HE and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining. Autophagosome was viewed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Real-time PCR and western blot were used to test expressions of Sirt3 and autophagy indicators in renal and periodontal tissues, including mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), phosphor-mTOR (p-mTOR), BECN1 (Beclin-1), and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3). RESULTS Alveolar bone destruction, resorption, and periodontal inflammation were observed in the P group (compared with the control group), and the above indexes were significantly improved after RSV intervention; the obvious changes in renal tissue structure in the P group were partially recovered after RSV intervention, while renal functional status was not affected (among the three groups); in addition, the levels of Sirt3 and autophagy in kidney and periodontal tissues of P group were inhibited, manifested as a decrease in the number of autophagosomes (renal tissue) and expressions of autophagy marker Beclin-1 and LC3 conversion rate and an increase in the expression of p-mTOR. After Sirt3 activation (RSV), the above indicators were significantly improved. CONCLUSION Periodontitis causes renal structural damage in rats, which may be connected to the effect of Sirt3-induced autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ding
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yubo Hou
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinchan Liu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaomeng Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Niuben Cao
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weixian Yu
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Tseng CY, Yu PR, Hsu CC, Lin HH, Chen JH. The effect of isovitexin on lipopolysaccharide-induced renal injury and inflammation by induction of protective autophagy. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 172:113581. [PMID: 36572206 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a systemic inflammatory syndrome that includes tubulointerstitial inflammation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, can increase reactive oxygen species production (ROS) that triggers cell inflammation. Isovitexin (IV) is a flavone that has the potential for anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. This study aimed to hypothesize that IV inhibited LPS-induced renal injury in vitro and in vivo. In vitro study, IV prevented LPS-induced ROS production and increased cell viability on SV40-MES-13 cells. Additionally, IV ameliorated mitochondrial membrane potential, downregulated inflammation and pyroptosis factors on LPS treatment. We found that LPS treatment reduced the expression of autophagy, however, this effect was reversed by IV. In vivo study, the renal injury model in C57BL/6 mice cotreatment with IV was examined. In addition, IV decreased LPS-induced glomerular atrophy and reduced inflammation-related cytokines releases. Further showed that IV could significantly reduce LPS-induced inflammation and pyroptosis factors in mice. Under the immunostaining, increased fluorescence of LC3 autophagy-related protein was recovered by IV. In summary, IV ameliorated renal injury, inflammation and increased protected autophagy by anti-ROS production, anti-inflammation, and anti-pyroptosis. In the future, the safety of isovitexin as a novel perspective for CKD patients should be evaluated in further clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Yun Tseng
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Rong Yu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chin Hsu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Hsien Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan.
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Liu WC, Chiu HW, Chou CL, Chiu YJ, Lee YH. Lactoferrin attenuated urban particulate matter-induced nephrotoxicity by regulating the CSF2/CENPE axis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 318:120871. [PMID: 36528199 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies regarding the adverse effect of air pollution have notably accelerated in recent years. Urban particulate matter (PM) gains access to the respiratory system and translocates into the circulation to affect several tissues, such as the liver and kidneys. Lactoferrin is a substance belonging to the non-heme iron-binding glycoprotein which is present in breast milk and other exocrine fluids. Lactoferrin is protective against many pathophysiological conditions. In the present study, we explored the potential influence of lactoferrin on PM-induced nephrotoxicity. We found that lactoferrin rescued PM-induced cell death but did not affect apoptosis in human kidney cells. Lactoferrin decreased necroptosis and fibrosis but increased autophagy in human kidney cells. Furthermore, the gene expression profiles of PM and lactoferrin were analyzed by RNA sequencing. The transcriptional profiles were uploaded and analyzed by ingenuity pathway analysis software and gene set enrichment analysis. The results showed that the crucial role of the CSF2/CENPE pathway was involved in human kidney cells treated with PM and lactoferrin. In a mouse model, lactoferrin ameliorates PM-induced nephrotoxicity by regulating necroptosis, fibrosis, autophagy and the CSF2/CENPE axis. In summary, these findings showed that lactoferrin could be a novel therapeutic or preventive agent for renal disorders caused by airborne PM pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chih Liu
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Antai Medical Care Corporation Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Lin Chou
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hsin Kuo Min Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jhe Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Wu H, Wu R, Liu T, Ma H, Xue G, Liu M. Peroxiredoxin 6 alleviates high glucose-induced inflammation and apoptosis in HK-2 cells by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB signaling. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2023; 11:41. [PMID: 36819569 PMCID: PMC9929773 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-6063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background This research sought to elucidate the effects of peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) on the biological processes in diabetic nephropathy (DN) and to identify the underlying regulatory mechanism related to toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling. Methods To induce an in vitro DN cellular model, human kidney 2 (HK-2) cells were treated with high glucose (HG). The mitochondrial membrane potential, adenosine triphosphate level, reactive oxygen species generation, and oxidative stress of the cells were then evaluated. After the PRDX6 level had been determined, the effects of its overexpression on the mitochondrial membrane potential, adenosine triphosphate level, reactive oxygen species generation, and oxidative stress of the cells were assessed. Next, cytochrome c expression, cell viability, cell apoptosis, the inflammatory level, and the TLR4/NF-κB signaling-related factors were assessed. After the addition of the TLR4 activator CRX-527 or the NF-κB activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), cell viability, cell apoptosis and the inflammatory level were evaluated again. Results The results revealed that HG exposure triggered mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress and decreased PRDX6 expression in the HK-2 cells. PRDX6 elevation exacerbated cell viability while alleviating mitochondrial membrane potential loss, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation in the HG-treated HK-2 cells. Further, PRDX6 inhibited HG-induced TLR4/NF-κB activation. The administration of CRX-527 or PMA reversed the effects of PRDX6 on the cell viability, apoptosis, and inflammation of the HG-exposed HK-2 cells. Conclusions To conclude, PRDX6 appears to protect HG-exposed HK-2 cells against inflammation and apoptosis by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tianxi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongbin Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guozhong Xue
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Minglong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Ruby M, Gifford CC, Pandey R, Raj VS, Sabbisetti VS, Ajay AK. Autophagy as a Therapeutic Target for Chronic Kidney Disease and the Roles of TGF-β1 in Autophagy and Kidney Fibrosis. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030412. [PMID: 36766754 PMCID: PMC9913737 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosomal protein degradation system that eliminates cytoplasmic components such as protein aggregates, damaged organelles, and even invading pathogens. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved homoeostatic strategy for cell survival in stressful conditions and has been linked to a variety of biological processes and disorders. It is vital for the homeostasis and survival of renal cells such as podocytes and tubular epithelial cells, as well as immune cells in the healthy kidney. Autophagy activation protects renal cells under stressed conditions, whereas autophagy deficiency increases the vulnerability of the kidney to injury, resulting in several aberrant processes that ultimately lead to renal failure. Renal fibrosis is a condition that, if chronic, will progress to end-stage kidney disease, which at this point is incurable. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is linked to significant alterations in cell signaling such as the activation of the pleiotropic cytokine transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). While the expression of TGF-β1 can promote fibrogenesis, it can also activate autophagy, which suppresses renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Autophagy has a complex variety of impacts depending on the context, cell types, and pathological circumstances, and can be profibrotic or antifibrotic. Induction of autophagy in tubular cells, particularly in the proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) protects cells against stresses such as proteinuria-induced apoptosis and ischemia-induced acute kidney injury (AKI), whereas the loss of autophagy in renal cells scores a significant increase in sensitivity to several renal diseases. In this review, we discuss new findings that emphasize the various functions of TGF-β1 in producing not just renal fibrosis but also the beneficial TGF-β1 signaling mechanisms in autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miss Ruby
- Centre for Drug Design Discovery and Development (C4D), SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonepat 131029, Haryana, India
| | - Cody C. Gifford
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - RamendraPati Pandey
- Centre for Drug Design Discovery and Development (C4D), SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonepat 131029, Haryana, India
- Correspondence: (R.P.); (A.K.A.); Tel.: +91-130-2203757 (R.P.); +1-(617)-525-7414 (A.K.A.); Fax: +1-(617)-525-7386 (A.K.A.)
| | - V. Samuel Raj
- Centre for Drug Design Discovery and Development (C4D), SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonepat 131029, Haryana, India
| | - Venkata S. Sabbisetti
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amrendra K. Ajay
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: (R.P.); (A.K.A.); Tel.: +91-130-2203757 (R.P.); +1-(617)-525-7414 (A.K.A.); Fax: +1-(617)-525-7386 (A.K.A.)
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Deng B, Song A, Zhang C. Cell-Cycle Dysregulation in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Kidney Disease: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032133. [PMID: 36768457 PMCID: PMC9917051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) has increased rapidly. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) globally, attributed to hemodynamic changes and chronic hyperglycemia. Recent findings have emphasized the role of cell-cycle dysregulation in renal fibrosis and ESRD. Under normal physiological conditions, most mature renal cells are arrested in the G0 phase of the cell cycle, with a rather low rate of renewal. However, renal cells can bypass restriction points and re-enter the cell cycle under stimulation of injuries induced via metabolic disorders. Mild injuries activate proliferation of renal cells to compensate for cell loss and reinstate renal function, while severe or repeated injuries will lead to DNA damage and maladaptive repair which ultimately results in cell-cycle arrest or overproliferation, and eventually promote renal fibrosis and ESRD. In this review, we focus on the role of cell-cycle dysregulation in DKD and discuss new, emerging pathways that are implicated in the process.
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Han YP, Liu LJ, Yan JL, Chen MY, Meng XF, Zhou XR, Qian LB. Autophagy and its therapeutic potential in diabetic nephropathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1139444. [PMID: 37020591 PMCID: PMC10067862 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1139444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), the leading cause of end-stage renal disease, is the most significant microvascular complication of diabetes and poses a severe public health concern due to a lack of effective clinical treatments. Autophagy is a lysosomal process that degrades damaged proteins and organelles to preserve cellular homeostasis. Emerging studies have shown that disorder in autophagy results in the accumulation of damaged proteins and organelles in diabetic renal cells and promotes the development of DN. Autophagy is regulated by nutrient-sensing pathways including AMPK, mTOR, and Sirt1, and several intracellular stress signaling pathways such as oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. An abnormal nutritional status and excess cellular stresses caused by diabetes-related metabolic disorders disturb the autophagic flux, leading to cellular dysfunction and DN. Here, we summarized the role of autophagy in DN focusing on signaling pathways to modulate autophagy and therapeutic interferences of autophagy in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Peng Han
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Juan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Lin Yan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Fei Meng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Ru Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Bo Qian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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Cai Y, Chen S, Jiang X, Wu Q, Xu Y, Wang F. LncRNA X Inactive Specific Transcript Exerts a Protective Effect on High Glucose-Induced Podocytes by Promoting the Podocyte Autophagy via miR-30d-5p/BECN-1 Axis. Int J Endocrinol 2023; 2023:3187846. [PMID: 36908288 PMCID: PMC10005869 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3187846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting podocyte autophagy promotes the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). This study aims to explore the upstream regulatory mechanism of the autophagy-related gene BECN1 in high glucose (HG)-induced podocytes. C57BL/6 mice were treated with 50 mg/kg streptozotocin to construct a DN model. Biochemical indexes, pathological morphology of renal tissue, the morphology of renal podocytes, and the expressions of autophagy-related proteins in DN mice and normal mice were detected. The upstream miRNAs of BECN1 and the upstream long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) of miR-30d-5p were predicted by bioinformatics analysis and verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Mouse podocyte clone 5 (MPC5) cells were exposed to HG to construct a DN cell model. The levels of miR-30d-5p, X inactive specific transcript (XIST), and BECN1 in mouse kidney and MPC5 cells were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The regulation of XIST/miR-30d-5p on the viability, apoptosis as well as proteins related to apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and autophagy in MPC5 cells were determined by rescue experiments. The levels of glucose, urinary protein, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen were upregulated, but the kidney tissues and podocytes were damaged in DN mice. XIST targeted miR-30d-5p to promote viability while suppressing the apoptosis of HG-induced MPC5 cells. In kidney tissues or HG-induced MPC5 cells, the expressions of Beclin-1, light chain 3 (LC3) II/I, XIST, B-celllymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), and E-cadherin were downregulated, while the expressions of P62, miR-30d-5p, Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), cleaved-caspase-3, vimentin, and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were upregulated, which were reversed by XIST overexpression. The reversal effect of XIST overexpression was offset by miR-30d-5p mimic. Collectively, XIST promotes the autophagy of podocytes by regulating the miR-30d-5p/BECN1 axis to protect podocytes from HG-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Ningbo Medical Center, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Ningbo Medical Center, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaoli Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Ningbo Medical Center, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Qiyuan Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Ningbo Medical Center, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Instrument R&D Center, Medical System Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Ningbo, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Ningbo Medical Center, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
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Liu C, Wang X, Wang X, Zhang Y, Min W, Yu P, Miao J, Shen W, Chen S, Zhou S, Li X, Meng P, Wu Q, Hou FF, Liu Y, Yang P, Wang C, Lin X, Tang L, Zhou X, Zhou L. A new LKB1 activator, piericidin analogue S14, retards renal fibrosis through promoting autophagy and mitochondrial homeostasis in renal tubular epithelial cells. Theranostics 2022; 12:7158-7179. [PMID: 36276641 PMCID: PMC9576617 DOI: 10.7150/thno.78376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) is the key regulator of energy metabolism and cell homeostasis. LKB1 dysfunction plays a key role in renal fibrosis. However, LKB1 activators are scarce in commercial nowadays. This study aims to discover a new drug molecule, piericidin analogue S14 (PA-S14), preventing renal fibrosis as a novel activator to LKB1. Methods: Our group isolated PA-S14 from the broth culture of a marine-derived Streptomyces strain and identified its binding site. We adopted various CKD models or AKI-CKD model (5/6 nephrectomy, UUO, UIRI and adriamycin nephropathy models). TGF-β-stimulated renal tubular cell culture was also tested. Results: We identified that PA-S14 binds with residue D176 in the kinase domain of LKB1, and then induces the activation of LKB1 through its phosphorylation and complex formation with MO25 and STRAD. As a result, PA-S14 promotes AMPK activation, triggers autophagosome maturation, and increases autophagic flux. PA-S14 inhibited tubular cell senescence and retarded fibrogenesis through activation of LKB1/AMPK signaling. Transcriptomics sequencing and mutation analysis further demonstrated our results. Conclusion: PA-S14 is a novel leading compound of LKB1 activator. PA-S14 is a therapeutic potential to renal fibrosis through LKB1/AMPK-mediated autophagy and mitochondrial homeostasis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canzhen Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxu Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunfang Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjian Min
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Miao
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Shen
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuangqin Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Meng
- Department of Nephrology, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinyu Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Fan Hou
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youhua Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Division of nephrology, Department of medicine, the Fifth affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Xu Lin
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Lan Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, China
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Sears SM, Feng JL, Orwick A, Vega AA, Krueger AM, Shah PP, Doll MA, Beverly LJ, Siskind LJ. Pharmacological inhibitors of autophagy have opposite effects in acute and chronic cisplatin-induced kidney injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 323:F288-F298. [PMID: 35796459 PMCID: PMC9394729 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00097.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The nephrotoxicity of cisplatin remains a major hurdle in the field of oncology. Thirty percent of patients treated with cisplatin develop acute kidney injury, and all patients are at risk for long-term impacts on kidney function. There are currently no Federal Drug Administration-approved agents to prevent or treat cisplatin-induced kidney injury. The dosing regimen used in preclinical models of nephrotoxicity may impact the success of therapeutic candidates in clinical trials. Here, we demonstrated that pharmacological inhibitors of autophagy have opposite effects when used as interventions in two different models of cisplatin-induced kidney injury. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were treated with either one dose of 20 mg/kg cisplatin or weekly doses of 9 mg/kg cisplatin for 4 wk or until body weight loss exceeded 30%. Concurrently, mice were administered multiple doses of 60 mg/kg chloroquine or 15 mg/kg 3-methyladenine attempting to globally inhibit autophagy. Mice that received a single high dose of cisplatin had worsened kidney function, inflammation, and cell death with the addition of chloroquine. 3-Methlyadenine did not impact the development of acute kidney injury in this model. In contrast, mice that received repeated low doses of cisplatin showed improved kidney function, reduced inflammation, and reduced fibrosis when treated with either chloroquine or 3-methyladenine. This study highlights how therapeutic candidates can have drastically different effects on the development of cisplatin-induced kidney injury depending on the dosing model used. This emphasizes the importance of choosing the appropriate model of injury for preclinical studies.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study examined how inhibition of autophagy has opposite effects on the development of acute and chronic kidney injury. Autophagy inhibition exacerbated the development of acute kidney injury following a single high dose of cisplatin but prevented the development of injury and fibrosis following repeated low doses of cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia M Sears
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Joanna L Feng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Andrew Orwick
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Alexis A Vega
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Austin M Krueger
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Parag P Shah
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Mark A Doll
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Levi J Beverly
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Leah J Siskind
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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39
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Dai R, Zhang L, Jin H, Wang D, Cheng M, Sang T, Peng C, Li Y, Wang Y. Autophagy in renal fibrosis: Protection or promotion? Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:963920. [PMID: 36105212 PMCID: PMC9465674 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.963920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a process that degrades endogenous cellular protein aggregates and damaged organelles via the lysosomal pathway to maintain cellular homeostasis and energy production. Baseline autophagy in the kidney, which serves as a quality control system, is essential for cellular metabolism and organelle homeostasis. Renal fibrosis is the ultimate pathological manifestation of progressive chronic kidney disease. In several experimental models of renal fibrosis, different time points, stimulus intensities, factors, and molecular mechanisms mediating the upregulation or downregulation of autophagy may have different effects on renal fibrosis. Autophagy occurring in a single lesion may also exert several distinct biological effects on renal fibrosis. Thus, whether autophagy prevents or facilitates renal fibrosis remains a complex and challenging question. This review explores the different effects of the dual regulatory function of autophagy on renal fibrosis in different renal fibrosis models, providing ideas for future work in related basic and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Dai
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hua Jin
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Meng Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Tian Sang
- Graduate School, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Chuyi Peng
- Graduate School, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yue Li
- Blood Purification Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Yiping Wang,
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40
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Yang J, Yuan L, Liu F, Li L, Liu J, Chen Y, Lu Y, Yuan Y. Molecular mechanisms and physiological functions of autophagy in kidney diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:974829. [PMID: 36081940 PMCID: PMC9446454 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.974829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved cellular progress for the degradation of cytoplasmic contents including micromolecules, misfolded proteins, and damaged organelles that has recently captured attention in kidney diseases. Basal autophagy plays a pivotal role in maintaining cell survival and kidney homeostasis. Accordingly, dysregulation of autophagy has implicated in the pathologies of kidney diseases. In this review, we summarize the multifaceted role of autophagy in kidney aging, maladaptive repair, tubulointerstitial fibrosis and discuss autophagy-related drugs in kidney diseases. However, uncertainty still remains as to the precise mechanisms of autophagy in kidney diseases. Further research is needed to clarify the accurate molecular mechanism of autophagy in kidney diseases, which will facilitate the discovery of a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yanrong Lu
- *Correspondence: Yanrong Lu, ; Yujia Yuan,
| | - Yujia Yuan
- *Correspondence: Yanrong Lu, ; Yujia Yuan,
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41
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Experimental Study on Danggui Shaoyao San Improving Renal Fibrosis by Promoting Autophagy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6761453. [PMID: 35958909 PMCID: PMC9357681 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6761453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis could lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD) developing into the end-stage with its pathological manifestation is the deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Danggui Shaoyao San (DSS) is one of the widely used herbal formulas in ancient China, which has been proven to have efficacy in the treatment of CKD. The experiment employed TGF-β1 to stimulate the NRK-52E cells to establish a renal fibrosis model. With rapamycin (RAPA) used as the positive control, we detected the expression of fibronectin (FN), caspase-3, and autophagy-related proteins in the NRK-52E cells treated with DSS by Western blot and immunofluorescence assay. In order to further verify autophagy-promoting effects of DSS, we adopted 3-MA to inhibit autophagy. The experiment has found that DSS can lower the protein levels of FN and caspase-3 in the NRK-52E cells induced by TGF-β1. After TGF-β1 stimulation, the expression of LC3 II/I and Beclin 1 has decreased, and the protein levels of mTOR and p62 have increased. Consistent with rapamycin, DSS has significantly reduced these effects of TGF-β1. It has also been found that DSS can increase the expression of LC3 II/I and Beclin 1 proteins and can reduce the level of mTOR in cells treated with 3-MA, suggesting that DSS can promote autophagy. In conclusion, DSS has been proved to reduce the apoptosis and fibrosis of NRK-52E cells induced by TGF-β1, which may be achieved by promoting autophagy.
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Unravelling the Inflammatory Processes in the Early Stages of Diabetic Nephropathy and the Potential Effect of (Ss)-DS-ONJ. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158450. [PMID: 35955585 PMCID: PMC9368839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory processes play a central role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in the early stages of the disease. The authors demonstrate that the glycolipid mimetic (Ss)-DS-ONJ is able to abolish inflammation via the induction of autophagy flux and provokes the inhibition of inflammasome complex in ex vivo and in vitro models, using adult kidney explants from BB rats. The contribution of (Ss)-DS-ONJ to reducing inflammatory events is mediated by the inhibition of classical stress kinase pathways and the blocking of inflammasome complex activation. The (Ss)-DS-ONJ treatment is able to inhibit the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progression, but only when the IL18 levels are reduced by the treatment. These findings suggest that (Ss)-DS-ONJ could be a novel, and multifactorial treatment for DN.
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43
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Lee SJ, Kim YA, Park KK. Anti-Fibrotic Effect of Synthetic Noncoding Decoy ODNs for TFEB in an Animal Model of Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158138. [PMID: 35897713 PMCID: PMC9330689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite emerging evidence suggesting that autophagy occurs during renal interstitial fibrosis, the role of autophagy activation in fibrosis and the mechanism by which autophagy influences fibrosis remain controversial. Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a master regulator of autophagy-related gene transcription, lysosomal biogenesis, and autophagosome formation. In this study, we examined the preventive effects of TFEB suppression on renal fibrosis. We injected synthesized TFEB decoy oligonucleotides (ODNs) into the tail veins of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mice to explore the regulation of autophagy in UUO-induced renal fibrosis. The expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and collagen was decreased by TFEB decoy ODN. Additionally, TEFB ODN administration inhibited the expression of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3), Beclin1, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). We confirmed that TFEB decoy ODN inhibited fibrosis and autophagy in a UUO mouse model. The TFEB decoy ODNs also showed anti-inflammatory effects. Collectively, these results suggest that TFEB may be involved in the regulation of autophagy and fibrosis and that regulating TFEB activity may be a promising therapeutic strategy against kidney diseases.
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Liu Z, Li X, Li X, Li Z, Chen H, Gong S, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Li Z, Yang L, Liu H. The kidney-expressed transcription factor ZKSCAN3 is dispensable for autophagy transcriptional regulation and AKI progression in mouse. Mutat Res 2022; 825:111790. [PMID: 35841832 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2022.111790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical disease that can cause serious harm to the kidneys, but it has no effective treatment till now. The modulation of autophagy pathway regulation is considered a potentially effective therapeutic approach in AKI prevention and treatment. ZKSCAN3 has been shown to be an important transcription factor that negatively regulates autophagy activity in cancer tissues. In order to determine whether autophagy could be activated by knocking out ZKSCAN3 to exert the renal protective effect of autophagy, we constructed AKI models with Zkscan3 knockout (KO) mice and detected renal pathological changes and renal function changes as well as autophagy-related indicators. We found that Zkscan3 KO had no significant effect on kidney development. Besides, no significant changes in autophagy activity were observed under normal physiological or AKI conditions. In non-tumor tissues, ZKSCAN3 did not mediate transcriptional regulation of autophagy-related genes. These findings suggest that because ZKSCAN3 may not function in the transcriptional regulation of autophagy-related genes in non-tumor tissues, it may not be used as a therapeutic target for AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejian Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Xingyu Li
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Zixian Li
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Huixia Chen
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Siqiao Gong
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Minjie Zhang
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Yaozhi Zhang
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Zhihang Li
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Lin Yang
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou 215127, China
| | - Huafeng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China.
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45
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Ranches G, Zeidler M, Kessler R, Hoelzl M, Hess MW, Vosper J, Perco P, Schramek H, Kummer KK, Kress M, Krogsdam A, Rudnicki M, Mayer G, Huettenhofer A. Exosomal mitochondrial tRNAs and miRNAs as potential predictors of inflammation in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY - NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 28:794-813. [PMID: 35664695 PMCID: PMC9136061 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes have emerged as a valuable repository of novel biomarkers for human diseases such as chronic kidney disease (CKD). From a healthy control group, we performed microRNA (miRNA) profiling of urinary exosomes and compared it with a cell culture model of renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (RPTECs). Thereby, a large fraction of abundant urinary exosomal miRNAs could also be detected in exosomes derived from RPTECs, indicating them as a suitable model system for investigation of CKD. We subsequently analyzed exosomes from RPTECs in pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic states, mimicking some aspects of CKD. Following cytokine treatment, we observed a significant increase in exosome release and identified 30 dysregulated exosomal miRNAs, predominantly associated with the regulation of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic-related pathways. In addition to miRNAs, we also identified 16 dysregulated exosomal mitochondrial RNAs, highlighting a pivotal role of mitochondria in sensing renal inflammation. Inhibitors of exosome biogenesis and release significantly altered the abundance of selected candidate miRNAs and mitochondrial RNAs, thus suggesting distinct sorting mechanisms of different non-coding RNA (ncRNA) species into exosomes. Hence, these two exosomal ncRNA species might be employed as potential indicators for predicting the pathogenesis of CKD and also might enable effective monitoring of the efficacy of CKD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glory Ranches
- Division of Genomics and RNomics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
- Corresponding author Glory Ranches, Division of Genomics and RNomics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
| | - Maximilian Zeidler
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Roman Kessler
- Division of Genomics and RNomics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Martina Hoelzl
- Division of Genomics and RNomics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Michael W. Hess
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Jonathan Vosper
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Paul Perco
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Herbert Schramek
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Kai K. Kummer
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Michaela Kress
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Anne Krogsdam
- Division of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Michael Rudnicki
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Gert Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
- Corresponding author Gert Mayer, Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
| | - Alexander Huettenhofer
- Division of Genomics and RNomics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
- Corresponding author Alexander Hüttenhofer, Division of Genomics and RNomics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
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46
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Disengaging the COVID-19 Clutch as a Discerning Eye Over the Inflammatory Circuit During SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Inflammation 2022; 45:1875-1894. [PMID: 35639261 PMCID: PMC9153229 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01674-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and leads to multiorgan dysfunction. Mitochondrial dynamics are fundamental to protect against environmental insults, but they are highly susceptible to viral infections. Defective mitochondria are potential sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Infection with SARS-CoV-2 damages mitochondria, alters autophagy, reduces nitric oxide (NO), and increases both nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases (NOX) and ROS. Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exhibited activated toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the Nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD-), leucine-rich repeat (LRR-), pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. The activation of TLRs and NLRP3 by SARS‐CoV‐2 induces interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1β, IL-18, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Herein, we outline the inflammatory circuit of COVID-19 and what occurs behind the scene, the interplay of NOX/ROS and their role in hypoxia and thrombosis, and the important role of ROS scavengers to reduce COVID-19-related inflammation.
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47
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Alquraishi M, Chahed S, Alani D, Puckett DL, Dowker PD, Hubbard K, Zhao Y, Kim JY, Nodit L, Fatima H, Donohoe D, Voy B, Chowanadisai W, Bettaieb A. Podocyte specific deletion of PKM2 ameliorates LPS-induced podocyte injury through beta-catenin. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:76. [PMID: 35637461 PMCID: PMC9150347 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00884-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with a severe decline in kidney function caused by abnormalities within the podocytes' glomerular matrix. Recently, AKI has been linked to alterations in glycolysis and the activity of glycolytic enzymes, including pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2). However, the contribution of this enzyme to AKI remains largely unexplored. METHODS Cre-loxP technology was used to examine the effects of PKM2 specific deletion in podocytes on the activation status of key signaling pathways involved in the pathophysiology of AKI by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). In addition, we used lentiviral shRNA to generate murine podocytes deficient in PKM2 and investigated the molecular mechanisms mediating PKM2 actions in vitro. RESULTS Specific PKM2 deletion in podocytes ameliorated LPS-induced protein excretion and alleviated LPS-induced alterations in blood urea nitrogen and serum albumin levels. In addition, PKM2 deletion in podocytes alleviated LPS-induced structural and morphological alterations to the tubules and to the brush borders. At the molecular level, PKM2 deficiency in podocytes suppressed LPS-induced inflammation and apoptosis. In vitro, PKM2 knockdown in murine podocytes diminished LPS-induced apoptosis. These effects were concomitant with a reduction in LPS-induced activation of β-catenin and the loss of Wilms' Tumor 1 (WT1) and nephrin. Notably, the overexpression of a constitutively active mutant of β-catenin abolished the protective effect of PKM2 knockdown. Conversely, PKM2 knockdown cells reconstituted with the phosphotyrosine binding-deficient PKM2 mutant (K433E) recapitulated the effect of PKM2 depletion on LPS-induced apoptosis, β-catenin activation, and reduction in WT1 expression. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data demonstrates that PKM2 plays a key role in podocyte injury and suggests that targetting PKM2 in podocytes could serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for AKI. TRIAL REGISTRATION Not applicable. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alquraishi
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1215 Cumberland Avenue, 229 Jessie Harris Building, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0840, USA.,Department of Community Health Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samah Chahed
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1215 Cumberland Avenue, 229 Jessie Harris Building, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0840, USA
| | - Dina Alani
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1215 Cumberland Avenue, 229 Jessie Harris Building, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0840, USA
| | - Dexter L Puckett
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1215 Cumberland Avenue, 229 Jessie Harris Building, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0840, USA
| | - Presley D Dowker
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1215 Cumberland Avenue, 229 Jessie Harris Building, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0840, USA
| | - Katelin Hubbard
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1215 Cumberland Avenue, 229 Jessie Harris Building, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0840, USA
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1215 Cumberland Avenue, 229 Jessie Harris Building, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0840, USA.,Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Ji Yeon Kim
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1215 Cumberland Avenue, 229 Jessie Harris Building, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0840, USA
| | - Laurentia Nodit
- Department of Pathology, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN, 37920, USA
| | - Huma Fatima
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Dallas Donohoe
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1215 Cumberland Avenue, 229 Jessie Harris Building, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0840, USA
| | - Brynn Voy
- Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0840, USA.,Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0840, USA
| | - Winyoo Chowanadisai
- Department of Nutrition, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Ahmed Bettaieb
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1215 Cumberland Avenue, 229 Jessie Harris Building, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0840, USA. .,Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0840, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0840, USA.
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48
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Su PP, Liu DW, Zhou SJ, Chen H, Wu XM, Liu ZS. Down-regulation of Risa improves podocyte injury by enhancing autophagy in diabetic nephropathy. Mil Med Res 2022; 9:23. [PMID: 35614465 PMCID: PMC9134699 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-022-00385-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND LncRNA AK044604 (regulator of insulin sensitivity and autophagy, Risa) and autophagy-related factors Sirt1 and GSK3β play important roles in diabetic nephropathy (DN). In this study, we sought to explore the effect of Risa on Sirt1/GSK3β-induced podocyte injury. METHODS Diabetic db/db mice received Risa-inhibition adeno-associated virus (AAV) via tail vein injection, and intraperitoneal injection of lithium chloride (LiCl). Blood, urine, and kidney tissue samples were collected and analyzed at different time points. Immortalized mouse podocyte cells (MPCs) were cultured and treated with Risa-inhibition lentivirus (LV), EX-527, and LiCl. MPCs were collected under different stimulations as noted. The effects of Risa on podocyte autophagy were examined by qRT-PCR, Western blotting analysis, transmission electron microscopy, Periodic Acid-Schiff staining, and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Risa and activated GSK3β were overexpressed, but Sirt1 was downregulated in DN mice and high glucose-treated MPCs (P < 0.001, db/m vs. db/db, NG or HM vs. HG), which was correlated with poor prognosis. Risa overexpression attenuated Sirt1-mediated downstream autophagy levels and aggravated podocyte injury by inhibiting the expression of Sirt1 (P < 0.001, db/m vs. db/db, NG or HM vs. HG). In contrast, Risa suppression enhanced Sirt1-induced autophagy and attenuated podocyte injury, which could be abrogated by EX-527 (P < 0.001, db/db + Risa-AAV vs. db/db, HG + Risa-LV vs. HG). Furthermore, LiCl treatment could restore GSK3β-mediated autophagy of podocytes (P < 0.001, db/db + LiCl vs. db/db, HG + LiCl vs. HG), suggesting that Risa overexpression aggravated podocyte injury by decreasing autophagy. CONCLUSION Risa could inhibit autophagy by regulating the Sirt1/GSK3β axis, thereby aggravating podocyte injury in DN. Risa may serve as a therapeutic target for the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Pei Su
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Research Institutes of Nephropathy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, the Third People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.,Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Dong-Wei Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Research Institutes of Nephropathy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Si-Jie Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Research Institutes of Nephropathy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hang Chen
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, the Third People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xian-Ming Wu
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, the Third People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zhang-Suo Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Research Institutes of Nephropathy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China. .,Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, China. .,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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49
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Chen J, Hu Q, Luo Y, Luo L, Lin H, Chen D, Xu Y, Liu B, He Y, Liang C, Liu Y, Zhou J, Wu J. Salvianolic acid B attenuates membranous nephropathy by activating renal autophagy via microRNA-145-5p/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT pathway. Bioengineered 2022; 13:13956-13969. [PMID: 35723058 PMCID: PMC9345616 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2083822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The abnormal proliferation and inflammatory response of the mesangial cells play a crucial role in the progression of membranous nephropathy (MN). Herein, this study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of Salvianolic acid B (SalB) on MN-induced mesangial abnormalities and its underlying mechanisms. MN models were established in cationic bovine serum albumin-induced Sprague-Dawley rats and lipopolysaccharide-induced human mesangial cells (HMCs). Following SalB and microRNA-145-5p antagomir treatment, kidney function was investigated by 24-hours urine protein, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen. Pathological changes of kidney were investigated by Periodic acid Schiff staining. CD68 and IgG were detected by immunofluorescence in glomerulus. Mesangial autophagosomes were observed by transmission electron microscope. MicroRNA-145-5p inhibitor, mimic, LY294002, and SalB were used to treat with HMCs. In kidney and HMCs, IL-1 β, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α and microRNA-145-5p was detected by quantitative real-time PCR. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), phosphorylated AKT, AKT, beclin1, and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) levels were detected by Western blot. HMCs proliferation and cycle were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry. LC3 were detected by LC3-dual-fluorescent adenovirus in HMCs. Our results showed that SalB significantly ameliorated kidney function and pathological changes. Furthermore, it significantly alleviated proliferation, inflammation and activated autophagy in mesangial cells. Moreover, microRNA-145-5p antagomir accentuated MN while microRNA-145-5p inhibitor and LY294002 encouraged proliferation and inflammation through PI3K/AKT pathway in HMCs. Collectively, our study demonstrated that SalB activated renal autophagy to reduce cell proliferation and inflammation of MN, which was mediated by microRNA-145-5p to inhibit PI3K/AKT pathway, and ultimately attenuated MN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qinghong Hu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yini Luo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lina Luo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hua Lin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dandan Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bihao Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chunling Liang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yaoyu Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiuyao Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Junbiao Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Hao J, Zhou Y, Yu W, Li H, He D. Silencing of LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 confers an inhibitory effect on renal fibrosis through repressing miR-124-3p activity. Bioengineered 2022; 13:10399-10411. [PMID: 35443864 PMCID: PMC9161840 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2056816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
LncRNA have been increasingly shown that plays pivotal roles in the development of various diseases, including renal fibrosis. Nevertheless, the pathological function of Long non-coding RNA KCNQ1OT1 (KCNQ1OT1) in the renal fibrosis remains obscure. Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) was used to induce renal fibrosis. We detected the expression levels of KCNQ1OT1 in the TGF-β1-induced HK-2 cells via RT-qPCR analysis. The functions of KCNQ1OT1 on the progression of renal fibrosis were examined by CCK-8, EdU, dual-luciferase reporter, and immunofluorescence analyses. In the present study, we found that sh-KCNQ1OT1 obviously attenuated UUO-induced renal fibrosis. Moreover, production of extracellular matrix (ECM), including α-SMA and Fibronectin levels, was significantly increased in kidney and HK-2 cells after UUO or TGF-β stimulation. Knockdown of KCNQ1OT1 inhibited cell proliferation and inhibits the α-SMA and Fibronectin expression of TGF-β1-induced HK-2 cells. In addition, bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay indicated that miR-124-3p was a target gene of KCNQ1OT1. Mechanistically, silencing miR-124-3p abolished the repressive effects of KCNQ1OT1 on TGF-β1-induced HK-2 cells. In conclusion, KCNQ1OT1 knockdown plays an anti-fibrotic effect through promotion of miR-124-3p expression in renal fibrosis, which provides a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hao
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China.,Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Weimin Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Dandan He
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
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