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Matthes T. Phenotypic Analysis of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Populations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Based on Spectral Flow Cytometry, a 20-Color Panel, and Unsupervised Learning Algorithms. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2847. [PMID: 38474094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The analysis of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell populations (HSPCs) is fundamental in the understanding of normal hematopoiesis as well as in the management of malignant diseases, such as leukemias, and in their diagnosis and follow-up, particularly the measurement of treatment efficiency with the detection of measurable residual disease (MRD). In this study, I designed a 20-color flow cytometry panel tailored for the comprehensive analysis of HSPCs using a spectral cytometer. My investigation encompassed the examination of forty-six samples derived from both normal human bone marrows (BMs) and patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) along with those subjected to chemotherapy and BM transplantation. By comparing my findings to those obtained through conventional flow cytometric analyses utilizing multiple tubes, I demonstrate that my innovative 20-color approach enables a more in-depth exploration of HSPC subpopulations and the detection of MRD with at least comparable sensitivity. Furthermore, leveraging advanced analytical tools such as t-SNE and FlowSOM learning algorithms, I conduct extensive cross-sample comparisons with two-dimensional gating approaches. My results underscore the efficacy of these two methods as powerful unsupervised alternatives for manual HSPC subpopulation analysis. I expect that in the future, complex multi-dimensional flow cytometric data analyses, such as those employed in this study, will be increasingly used in hematologic diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Matthes
- Hematology Service, Oncology Department, University Hospital Geneva, Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Clinical Pathology Service, Diagnostics Department, University Hospital Geneva, Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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2
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Kitawi R, Ledger S, Kelleher AD, Ahlenstiel CL. Advances in HIV Gene Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2771. [PMID: 38474018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Early gene therapy studies held great promise for the cure of heritable diseases, but the occurrence of various genotoxic events led to a pause in clinical trials and a more guarded approach to progress. Recent advances in genetic engineering technologies have reignited interest, leading to the approval of the first gene therapy product targeting genetic mutations in 2017. Gene therapy (GT) can be delivered either in vivo or ex vivo. An ex vivo approach to gene therapy is advantageous, as it allows for the characterization of the gene-modified cells and the selection of desired properties before patient administration. Autologous cells can also be used during this process which eliminates the possibility of immune rejection. This review highlights the various stages of ex vivo gene therapy, current research developments that have increased the efficiency and safety of this process, and a comprehensive summary of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) gene therapy studies, the majority of which have employed the ex vivo approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Kitawi
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Scott Ledger
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Anthony D Kelleher
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
- St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- UNSW RNA Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Chantelle L Ahlenstiel
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
- UNSW RNA Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
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3
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Ren Y, Cui YN, Wang HW. Effects of different concentrations of nicotinamide on hematopoietic stem cells cultured in vitro. World J Stem Cells 2024; 16:163-175. [PMID: 38455103 PMCID: PMC10915957 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v16.i2.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vitro expansion to increase numbers of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in cord blood could improve clinical efficacy of this vital resource. Nicotinamide (NAM) can promote HSC expansion ex vivo, but its effect on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs, CD34+CD38) and functional subtypes of HSCs - short-term repopulating HSCs (ST-HSCs, CD34+CD38CD45RACD49f+) and long-term repopulating HSCs (LT-HSCs, CD34+CD38CD45RACD49f+CD90+) is not yet known. As a sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) inhibitor, NAM participates in regulating cell adhesion, polarity, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. However, SIRT1 exhibits dual effects by promoting or inhibiting differentiation in different tissues or cells. We propose that the concentration of NAM may influence proliferation, differentiation, and SIRT1 signaling of HSCs. AIM To evaluate the effects and underlying mechanisms of action of different concentrations of NAM on HSC proliferation and differentiation. METHODS CD34+ cells were purified from umbilical cord blood using MacsCD34 beads, and cultured for 10-12 d in a serum-free medium supplemented with cytokines, with different concentrations of NAM added according to experimental requirements. Flow cytometry was used to detect phenotype, cell cycle distribution, and apoptosis of the cultured cells. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the transcription levels of target genes encoding stemness-related factors, chemokines, components of hypoxia pathways, and antioxidant enzymes. Dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate probes were used to evaluate intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Determination of the effect of different culture conditions on the balance of cytokine by cytometric bead array. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the proportion and expansion folds of HSPCs (CD34+CD38) incubated with 5 mmol/L or 10 mmol/L NAM were significantly increased (all P < 0.05). The ST-HSCs ratio and fold expansion of the 5 mmol/L NAM group were significantly higher than those of the control and 10 mmol/L NAM groups (all P < 0.001), whereas the LT-HSCs ratio and fold expansion of the 10 mmol/L NAM group were significantly higher than those of the other two groups (all P < 0.05). When the NAM concentration was > 10 mmol/L, cell viability significantly decreased. In addition, compared with the 5 mmol/L NAM group, the proportion of apoptotic cells in the 10 mmol/L NAM group increased and the proportion of cells in S and G2 phase decreased. Compared with the 5 mmol/L NAM group, the HSCs incubated with 10 mmol/L NAM exhibited significantly inhibited SIRT1 expression, increased intracellular ROS content, and downregulated expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase 1, peroxiredoxin 1). CONCLUSION Low concentrations (5 mmol/L) of NAM can better regulate the balance between proliferation and differentiation, thereby promoting expansion of HSCs. These findings allow adjustment of NAM concentrations according to expansion needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ren
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yan-Ni Cui
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Hong-Wei Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment of Blood Diseases in Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China.
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Al-Amoodi AS, Kai J, Li Y, Malki JS, Alghamdi A, Al-Ghuneim A, Saera-Vila A, Habuchi S, Merzaban JS. α1,3-fucosylation treatment improves cord blood CD34 negative hematopoietic stem cell navigation. iScience 2024; 27:108882. [PMID: 38322982 PMCID: PMC10845921 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
For almost two decades, clinicians have overlooked the diagnostic potential of CD34neg hematopoietic stem cells because of their limited homing capacity relative to CD34posHSCs when injected intravenously. This has contributed to the lack of appeal of using umbilical cord blood in HSC transplantation because its stem cell count is lower than bone marrow. The present study reveals that the homing and engraftment of CD34negHSCs can be improved by adding the Sialyl Lewis X molecule via α1,3-fucosylation. This unlocks the potential for using this more primitive stem cell to treat blood disorders because our findings show CD34negHSCs have the capacity to regenerate cells in the bone marrow of mice for several months. Furthermore, our RNA sequencing analysis revealed that CD34negHSCs have unique adhesion pathways, downregulated in CD34posHSCs, that facilitate interaction with the bone marrow niche. Our findings suggest that CD34neg cells will best thrive when the HSC resides in its microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma S. Al-Amoodi
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jing Kai
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yanyan Li
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jana S. Malki
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alghamdi
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Arwa Al-Ghuneim
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Satoshi Habuchi
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jasmeen S. Merzaban
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Smart-Health Initiative, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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Kawahigashi T, Iwanami S, Takahashi M, Bhadury J, Iwami S, Yamazaki S. Age-related changes in the hematopoietic stem cell pool revealed via quantifying the balance of symmetric and asymmetric divisions. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0292575. [PMID: 38285676 PMCID: PMC10824414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are somatic stem cells that continuously generate lifelong supply of blood cells through a balance of symmetric and asymmetric divisions. It is well established that the HSC pool increases with age. However, not much is known about the underlying cause for these observed changes. Here, using a novel method combining single-cell ex vivo HSC expansion with mathematical modeling, we quantify HSC division types (stem cell-stem cell (S-S) division, stem cell-progenitor cell (S-P) division, and progenitor cell-progenitor cell (P-P) division) as a function of the aging process. Our time-series experiments reveal how changes in these three modes of division can explain the increase in HSC numbers with age. Contrary to the popular notion that HSCs divide predominantly through S-P divisions, we show that S-S divisions are predominant throughout the lifespan of the animal, thereby expanding the HSC pool. We, therefore, provide a novel mathematical model-based experimental validation for reflecting HSC dynamics in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teiko Kawahigashi
- Division of Stem Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoya Iwanami
- interdisciplinary Biology Laboratory (iBLab), Division of Natural Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Munetomo Takahashi
- Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joydeep Bhadury
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Shingo Iwami
- interdisciplinary Biology Laboratory (iBLab), Division of Natural Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Mathematics for Industry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences Program (iTHEMS), RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
- NEXT-Ganken Program, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), Tokyo, Japan
- Science Groove Inc., Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamazaki
- Division of Stem Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Ott de Bruin LM, Lankester AC, Staal FJ. Advances in gene therapy for inborn errors of immunity. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 23:467-477. [PMID: 37846903 PMCID: PMC10621649 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Provide an overview of the landmark accomplishments and state of the art of gene therapy for inborn errors of immunity (IEI). RECENT FINDINGS Three decades after the first clinical application of gene therapy for IEI, there is one market authorized product available, while for several others efficacy has been demonstrated or is currently being tested in ongoing clinical trials. Gene editing approaches using programmable nucleases are being explored preclinically and could be beneficial for genes requiring tightly regulated expression, gain-of-function mutations and dominant-negative mutations. SUMMARY Gene therapy by modifying autologous hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) offers an attractive alternative to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), the current standard of care to treat severe IEI. This approach does not require availability of a suitable allogeneic donor and eliminates the risk of graft versus host disease (GvHD). Gene therapy can be attempted by using a viral vector to add a copy of the therapeutic gene (viral gene addition) or by using programmable nucleases (gene editing) to precisely correct mutations, disrupt a gene or introduce an entire copy of a gene at a specific locus. However, gene therapy comes with its own challenges such as safety, therapeutic effectiveness and access. For viral gene addition, a major safety concern is vector-related insertional mutagenesis, although this has been greatly reduced with the introduction of safer vectors. For gene editing, the risk of off-site mutagenesis is a main driver behind the ongoing search for modified nucleases. For both approaches, HSCs have to be manipulated ex vivo, and doing this efficiently without losing stemness remains a challenge, especially for gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Ott de Bruin
- Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation Program and Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan C. Lankester
- Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation Program and Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology
| | - Frank J.T. Staal
- Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation Program and Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Blümke A, Ijeoma E, Simon J, Wellington R, Purwaningrum M, Doulatov S, Leber E, Scatena M, Giachelli CM. Comparison of osteoclast differentiation protocols from human induced pluripotent stem cells of different tissue origins. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:319. [PMID: 37936199 PMCID: PMC10631132 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03547-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ever since their discovery, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been extensively differentiated into a large variety of cell types. However, a limited amount of work has been dedicated to differentiating iPSCs into osteoclasts. While several differentiation protocols have been published, it remains unclear which protocols or differentiation methods are preferable regarding the differentiation of osteoclasts. METHODS In this study, we compared the osteoclastogenesis capacity of a peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived iPSC line to a fibroblast-derived iPSC line in conjunction with either embryoid body-based or monolayer-based differentiation strategies. Both cell lines and differentiation protocols were investigated regarding their ability to generate osteoclasts and their inherent robustness and ease of use. The ability of both cell lines to remain undifferentiated while propagating using a feeder-free system was assessed using alkaline phosphatase staining. This was followed by evaluating mesodermal differentiation and the characterization of hematopoietic progenitor cells using flow cytometry. Finally, osteoclast yield and functionality based on resorptive activity, Cathepsin K and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) expression were assessed. The results were validated using qRT-PCR throughout the differentiation stages. RESULTS Embryoid body-based differentiation yielded CD45+, CD14+, CD11b+ subpopulations which in turn differentiated into osteoclasts which demonstrated TRAP positivity, Cathepsin K expression and mineral resorptive capabilities. This was regardless of which iPSC line was used. Monolayer-based differentiation yielded lower quantities of hematopoietic cells that were mostly CD34+ and did not subsequently differentiate into osteoclasts. CONCLUSIONS The outcome of this study demonstrates the successful differentiation of osteoclasts from iPSCs in conjunction with the embryoid-based differentiation method, while the monolayer-based method did not yield osteoclasts. No differences were observed regarding osteoclast differentiation between the PBMC and fibroblast-derived iPSC lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Blümke
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Foege Hall University of Washington, 3720 15th, Ave NE, Box 355061, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Erica Ijeoma
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Foege Hall University of Washington, 3720 15th, Ave NE, Box 355061, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jessica Simon
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Foege Hall University of Washington, 3720 15th, Ave NE, Box 355061, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Rachel Wellington
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Medania Purwaningrum
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Foege Hall University of Washington, 3720 15th, Ave NE, Box 355061, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sergei Doulatov
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Leber
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Foege Hall University of Washington, 3720 15th, Ave NE, Box 355061, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Marta Scatena
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Foege Hall University of Washington, 3720 15th, Ave NE, Box 355061, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Cecilia M Giachelli
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Foege Hall University of Washington, 3720 15th, Ave NE, Box 355061, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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Nguyen TT, Loureiro ZY, Desai A, DeSouza T, Joyce S, Khair L, Samant A, Cirka H, Solivan-Rivera J, Ziegler R, Brehm M, Messina LM, Corvera S. A distinct class of hematopoietic stem cells develop from the human yellow bone marrow. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.29.555167. [PMID: 37693594 PMCID: PMC10491256 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.29.555167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Aging and metabolic diseases are accompanied by systemic inflammation, but the mechanisms that induce this state are not known. We developed a human bone-marrow organoid system to explore mechanisms underlying metabolic-disease associated systemic inflammation. We find that a distinct type of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) develops in the adipose-rich, yellow bone marrow, which is known to gradually replace the hematopoietic red marrow as we age and during metabolic disease. Unlike HSCs derived from the red bone marrow, HSCs derived from the yellow bone marrow have higher proliferation rates, increase myeloid differentiation, skew towards pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage differentiation, and express a distinct transcriptomic profile associated with responsiveness to wounding. Yellow marrow-derived HSCs express higher levels of the leptin receptor, which we find to be further increased in patients with type 2 diabetes. Our work demonstrates that the human long bone yellow marrow is a niche for a distinct class of HSCs which could underlie hematopoietic dysfunction during aging and metabolic disease processes suggesting a shared inflammaging mechanism.
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Zhu Y, Neelamegham S. Knockout studies using CD34+ hematopoietic cells suggest that CD44 is a physiological human neutrophil E-selectin ligand. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.18.553923. [PMID: 37645985 PMCID: PMC10462143 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.18.553923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The recruitment of peripheral blood neutrophils at sites of inflammation involves a multistep cascade, starting with E- and P-selectin expressed on the inflamed vascular endothelium binding sialofucosylated glycans on leukocytes. As the glycoconjugate biosynthesis pathways in different cells are distinct, the precise carbohydrate ligands of selectins varies both across species, and between different immune cell populations in a given species. To study this aspect in human neutrophils, we developed a protocol to perform CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing on CD34+ hHSCs (human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells) as they are differentiated towards neutrophil lineage. This protocol initially uses a cocktail of SCF (stem-cell factor), IL-3 (interleukin-3) and FLT-3L (FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand) to expand the stem/progenitor cells followed by directed differentiation to neutrophils using G-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor). Microfluidics based assays were performed on a confocal microscope platform to characterize the rolling phenotype of each edited cell type in mixed populations. These studies demonstrated that CD44, but not CD43, is a major E-selectin ligand on human neutrophils. The loss of function results were validated by developing sialofucosylated recombinant CD44. This glycosylated protein supported both robust E-selectin binding in a cell-free assay, and it competitively blocked neutrophil adhesion to E-selectin on inflamed endothelial cells. Together, the study establishes important methods to study human neutrophil biology and determines that sialoflucosylated-CD44 is a physiological human E-selectin ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260
| | - Sriram Neelamegham
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260
- Department of Medicine School of Engineering and Applies Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260
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Bastani S, Staal FJT, Canté-Barrett K. The quest for the holy grail: overcoming challenges in expanding human hematopoietic stem cells for clinical use. Stem Cell Investig 2023; 10:15. [PMID: 37457748 PMCID: PMC10345135 DOI: 10.21037/sci-2023-016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation has been the golden standard for many hematological disorders. However, the number of HSCs obtained from several sources, including umbilical cord blood (UCB), often is insufficient for transplantation. For decades, maintaining or even expanding HSCs for therapeutic purposes has been a "holy grail" in stem cell biology. Different methods have been proposed to improve the efficiency of cell expansion and enhance homing potential such as co-culture with stromal cells or treatment with specific agents. Recent progress has shown that this is starting to become feasible using serum-free and well-defined media. Some of these protocols to expand HSCs along with genetic modification have been successfully applied in clinical trials and some others are studied in preclinical and clinical studies. However, the main challenges regarding ex vivo expansion of HSCs such as limited growth potential and tendency to differentiate in culture still need improvements. Understanding the biology of blood stem cells, their niche and signaling pathways has provided possibilities to regulate cell fate decisions and manipulate cells to optimize expansion of HSCs in vitro. Here, we review the plethora of HSC expansion protocols that have been proposed and indicate the current state of the art for their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Bastani
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J. T. Staal
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten Canté-Barrett
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Blümke A, Ijeoma E, Simon J, Wellington R, Purwaningrum M, Doulatov S, Leber E, Scatena M, Giachelli CM. Comparison of osteoclast differentiation protocols from human induced pluripotent stem cells of different tissue origins. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3089289. [PMID: 37461708 PMCID: PMC10350192 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3089289/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Ever since their discovery, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been extensively differentiated into a large variety of cell types. However, a limited amount of work has been dedicated to differentiating iPSCs into osteoclasts. While several differentiation protocols have been published, it remains unclear which protocols or differentiation methods are preferrable regarding the differentiation of osteoclasts. Methods In this study we compare the osteoclastogenesis capacity of a peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived iPSC line to a fibroblast-derived iPSC line in conjunction with either embryoid body-based or monolayer-based differentiation strategies. Both cell lines and differentiation protocols were investigated regarding their ability to generate osteoclasts and their inherent robustness and ease of use. The ability of both cell lines to remain undifferentiated while propagating using a feeder-free system was assessed using alkaline phosphatase staining. This was followed by evaluating mesodermal differentiation and the characterization of hematopoietic progenitor cells using flow cytometry. Finally, osteoclast yield and functionality based on resorptive activity, Cathepsin K and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) expression were assessed. Results were validated using qRT-PCR throughout the differentiation stages. Results Embryoid-body based differentiation yielded CD45+, CD14+, CD11b+ subpopulations which in turn differentiated into osteoclasts which demonstrated TRAP positivity, Cathepsin K expression and mineral resorptive capabilities. This was regardless of which iPSC line was used. Monolayer-based differentiation yielded lower quantities of hematopoietic cells that were mostly CD34+ and did not subsequently differentiate into osteoclasts. Conclusions The outcome of this study demonstrates the successful differentiation of osteoclasts from iPSCs in conjunction with the embryoid-based differentiation method, while the monolayer-based method did not yield osteoclasts. No differences were observed regarding osteoclast differentiation between the PBMC and fibroblast-derived iPSC lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erica Ijeoma
- University of Washington Department of Bioengineering
| | - Jessica Simon
- University of Washington Department of Bioengineering
| | | | | | | | | | - Marta Scatena
- University of Washington Department of Bioengineering
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Arlabosse T, Booth C, Candotti F. Gene Therapy for Inborn Errors of Immunity. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2023; 11:1592-1601. [PMID: 37084938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
In the early 1990s, gene therapy (GT) entered the clinical arena as an alternative to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for forms of inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) that are not medically manageable because of their severity. In principle, the use of gene-corrected autologous hematopoietic stem cells presents several advantages over hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, including making donor searches unnecessary and avoiding the risks for graft-versus-host disease. In the past 30 years or more of clinical experience, the field has witnessed multiple examples of successful applications of GT to a number of IEIs, as well as some serious drawbacks, which have highlighted the potential genotoxicity of integrating viral vectors and stimulated important progress in the development of safer gene transfer tools. The advent of gene editing technologies promises to expand the spectrum of IEIs amenable to GT to conditions caused by mutated genes that require the precise regulation of expression or by dominant-negative variants. Here, we review the main concepts of GT as it applies to IEIs and the clinical results obtained to date. We also describe the challenges faced by this branch of medicine, which operates in the unprofitable sector of human rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiphaine Arlabosse
- Pediatric Immuno-Rheumatology of Western Switzerland, Division of Pediatrics, Women-Mother-Child Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claire Booth
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Immunology and Gene Therapy, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Fabio Candotti
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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13
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Askari MHA, Shahabi M, Kojabad AA, Zarif MN. Reconstruction of bone marrow microenvironment for expansion of hematopoietic stem cells by a histone deacetylase inhibitor. Cytotechnology 2023; 75:195-206. [PMID: 37187947 PMCID: PMC10167084 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-022-00564-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is an approach for overcoming cell insufficiency for umbilical cord blood transplantation. It was suggested that in common ex vivo cultures, the stemness specificity of HSCs is rapidly reducing due to DNA hypermethylation. Here, Nicotinamide (NAM), a DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase inhibitor, is used with a bioengineered Bone Marrow-like niche (BLN) for HSC ex vivo expansion. The CFSE cell proliferation assay was used for tracking HSCs division. qRT-PCR was conducted to assay the HOXB4 mRNA expression levels. The morphology of BLN-cultured cells was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). NAM boosted the induction of HSC proliferation in the BLN group compared to the control group. In addition, the ability of HSCs to colonize was more significant in the BLN group than in the control group. Our data suggest that the presence of NAM in bioengineered niches promotes HSC proliferation. The presented approach showed that small molecules could be used in the clinical setting to overcome the limited number of CD34+ cells in cord blood units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Haj Ali Askari
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, IBTO Building, Hemmat Expressway, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Shahabi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, IBTO Building, Hemmat Expressway, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Asri Kojabad
- Department of Hematology and Blood Bank, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahin Nikougoftar Zarif
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, IBTO Building, Hemmat Expressway, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medicine, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicin, 14183 Stockholm, Sweden
- Cell Therapy Department, XNKtheraeutics Company, Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Farahzadi R, Valipour B, Montazersaheb S, Fathi E. Targeting the stem cell niche micro-environment as therapeutic strategies in aging. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1162136. [PMID: 37274742 PMCID: PMC10235764 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1162136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells (ASCs) reside throughout the body and support various tissue. Owing to their self-renewal capacity and differentiation potential, ASCs have the potential to be used in regenerative medicine. Their survival, quiescence, and activation are influenced by specific signals within their microenvironment or niche. In better words, the stem cell function is significantly influenced by various extrinsic signals derived from the niche. The stem cell niche is a complex and dynamic network surrounding stem cells that plays a crucial role in maintaining stemness. Studies on stem cell niche have suggested that aged niche contributes to the decline in stem cell function. Notably, functional loss of stem cells is highly associated with aging and age-related disorders. The stem cell niche is comprised of complex interactions between multiple cell types. Over the years, essential aspects of the stem cell niche have been revealed, including cell-cell contact, extracellular matrix interaction, soluble signaling factors, and biochemical and biophysical signals. Any alteration in the stem cell niche causes cell damage and affects the regenerative properties of the stem cells. A pristine stem cell niche might be essential for the proper functioning of stem cells and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. In this regard, niche-targeted interventions may alleviate problems associated with aging in stem cell behavior. The purpose of this perspective is to discuss recent findings in the field of stem cell aging, heterogeneity of stem cell niches, and impact of age-related changes on stem cell behavior. We further focused on how the niche affects stem cells in homeostasis, aging, and the progression of malignant diseases. Finally, we detail the therapeutic strategies for tissue repair, with a particular emphasis on aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Farahzadi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behnaz Valipour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Sarab Faculty of Medical Sciences, Sarab, Iran
| | - Soheila Montazersaheb
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ezzatollah Fathi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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15
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Ortiz GGR, Mohammadi Y, Nazari A, Ataeinaeini M, Kazemi P, Yasamineh S, Al-Naqeeb BZT, Zaidan HK, Gholizadeh O. A state-of-the-art review on the MicroRNAs roles in hematopoietic stem cell aging and longevity. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:85. [PMID: 37095512 PMCID: PMC10123996 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01117-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a biological process determined through time-related cellular and functional impairments, leading to a decreased standard of living for the organism. Recently, there has been an unprecedented advance in the aging investigation, especially the detection that the rate of senescence is at least somewhat regulated via evolutionarily preserved genetic pathways and biological processes. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain blood generation over the whole lifetime of an organism. The senescence process influences many of the natural features of HSC, leading to a decline in their capabilities, independently of their microenvironment. New studies show that HSCs are sensitive to age-dependent stress and gradually lose their self-renewal and regeneration potential with senescence. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally inhibit translation or stimulate target mRNA cleavage of target transcripts via the sequence-particular connection. MiRNAs control various biological pathways and processes, such as senescence. Several miRNAs are differentially expressed in senescence, producing concern about their use as moderators of the senescence process. MiRNAs play an important role in the control of HSCs and can also modulate processes associated with tissue senescence in specific cell types. In this review, we display the contribution of age-dependent alterations, including DNA damage, epigenetic landscape, metabolism, and extrinsic factors, which affect HSCs function during aging. In addition, we investigate the particular miRNAs regulating HSCs senescence and age-associated diseases. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geovanny Genaro Reivan Ortiz
- Laboratory of Basic Psychology, Behavioral Analysis and Programmatic Development (PAD-LAB), Catholic University of Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Yasaman Mohammadi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz Branch, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Nazari
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Parisa Kazemi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Saman Yasamineh
- Stem Cell Research Center at, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | | | - Haider Kamil Zaidan
- Department of Medical Laboratories Techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Omid Gholizadeh
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Aggarwal R, Potel KN, Shao A, So SW, Swingen C, Reyes CP, Rose R, Wright C, Hocum Stone LL, McFalls EO, Butterick TA, Kelly RF. An Adjuvant Stem Cell Patch with Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Improves Diastolic Recovery in Porcine Hibernating Myocardium. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065475. [PMID: 36982547 PMCID: PMC10049498 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diastolic dysfunction persists despite coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) in patients with hibernating myocardium (HIB). We studied whether the adjunctive use of a mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) patch during CABG improves diastolic function by reducing inflammation and fibrosis. HIB was induced in juvenile swine by placing a constrictor on the left anterior descending (LAD) artery, causing myocardial ischemia without infarction. At 12 weeks, CABG was performed using the left-internal-mammary-artery (LIMA)-to-LAD graft with or without placement of an epicardial vicryl patch embedded with MSCs, followed by four weeks of recovery. The animals underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) prior to sacrifice, and tissue from septal and LAD regions were collected to assess for fibrosis and analyze mitochondrial and nuclear isolates. During low-dose dobutamine infusion, diastolic function was significantly reduced in HIB compared to the control, with significant improvement after CABG + MSC treatment. In HIB, we observed increased inflammation and fibrosis without transmural scarring, along with decreased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC1α), which could be a possible mechanism underlying diastolic dysfunction. Improvement in PGC1α and diastolic function was noted with revascularization and MSCs, along with decreased inflammatory signaling and fibrosis. These findings suggest that adjuvant cell-based therapy during CABG may recover diastolic function by reducing oxidant stress–inflammatory signaling and myofibroblast presence in the myocardial tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishav Aggarwal
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (R.A.); (A.S.); (C.S.); (C.P.R.); (R.R.); (C.W.); (L.L.H.S.)
| | - Koray N. Potel
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK;
| | - Annie Shao
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (R.A.); (A.S.); (C.S.); (C.P.R.); (R.R.); (C.W.); (L.L.H.S.)
| | - Simon W. So
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (S.W.S.); (T.A.B.)
- Department of Research, Center for Veterans Research and Education, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
| | - Cory Swingen
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (R.A.); (A.S.); (C.S.); (C.P.R.); (R.R.); (C.W.); (L.L.H.S.)
| | - Christina P. Reyes
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (R.A.); (A.S.); (C.S.); (C.P.R.); (R.R.); (C.W.); (L.L.H.S.)
| | - Rebecca Rose
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (R.A.); (A.S.); (C.S.); (C.P.R.); (R.R.); (C.W.); (L.L.H.S.)
| | - Christin Wright
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (R.A.); (A.S.); (C.S.); (C.P.R.); (R.R.); (C.W.); (L.L.H.S.)
| | - Laura L. Hocum Stone
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (R.A.); (A.S.); (C.S.); (C.P.R.); (R.R.); (C.W.); (L.L.H.S.)
| | - Edward O. McFalls
- Division of Cardiology, Richmond VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23249, USA;
| | - Tammy A. Butterick
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (S.W.S.); (T.A.B.)
- Department of Research, Center for Veterans Research and Education, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
| | - Rosemary F. Kelly
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (R.A.); (A.S.); (C.S.); (C.P.R.); (R.R.); (C.W.); (L.L.H.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-612-625-3902
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17
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The differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into hematopoietic stem cells on 3D bone scaffold in a dynamic culture system. Tissue Cell 2023; 82:102044. [PMID: 36905860 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is used for cell-based therapy for many hematological disorders. However, difficulty in finding proper donors has limited this source of stem cells. For clinical application, the generation of these cells from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSs) is a fascinating and endless source. One of the experimental methods to generate HSCs from iPSs is the mimicking of the hematopoietic niche. In the current study, as the first phase of differentiation, embryoid bodies were formed from iPSs. They were then cultured in different dynamic conditions in order to determine the appropriate settings for their differentiation into HSCs. The dynamic culture was composed of DBM Scaffold with or without growth factor. After ten days, the specific HSC markers (CD34, CD133, CD31 and CD45) were assessed using flow-cytometry. Our findings demonstrated that the dynamic conditions were significantly suitable than static ones. In addition, in 3D scaffold and dynamic system the expression of CXCR4, as a homing marker, was increased. These results suggest that the 3D culture bioreactor with DBM scaffold could provide a new approach for differentiation of iPSs into HSCs. Moreover, this system could provide maximum mimicry of bone marrow niche.
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18
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Liu B, Jin M, Wang DA. In vitro expansion of hematopoietic stem cells in a porous hydrogel-based 3D culture system. Acta Biomater 2023; 161:67-79. [PMID: 36754271 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation remains the most effective therapy for hematologic and lymphoid disorders. However, as the primary therapeutic cells, the source of HSCs has been limited due to the scarcity of matched donors and difficulties in ex vivo expansion. Here, we described a facile method to attempt the expansion of HSCs in vitro through a porous alginate hydrogel-based 3D culture system. We used gelatin powders as the porogen to create submillimeter-scaled pores in alginate gel bulk while pre-embedding naïve HSCs in the gel phase. The results indicated that this porous hydrogel system performed significantly better than those cultured via conventional suspension or encapsulation in non-porous alginate hydrogels in maintaining the phenotype and renewability of HSCs. Only the porous hydrogel system achieved a two-fold growth of CD34+ cells within seven days of culture, while the number of CD34+ cells in the suspension system and nonporous hydrogel showed different degrees of attenuation. The expansion efficiency of the porous hydrogel for CD34+CD38- cells was more than 2.2 times that of the other two systems. Mechanistic study via biophysical analysis revealed that the porous alginate system was competent to reduce the electron capture caused by biomaterials, decrease cellular oxygen stress, avoid oxidative protection, thus maintaining the cellular phenotype of the CD34+ cells. The transcriptomic analysis further suggested that the porous alginate system also upregulated the TNF signaling pathway and activated the NF-κB signaling pathway to promote the CD34+ cells' survival and maintain cellular homeostasis so that renewability was substantially favoured. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: • The reported porous hydrogel system performs significantly better in terms of maintaining the phenotype and renewability of HSCs than those cultured via conventional suspension or encapsulation in non-porous alginate hydrogel. • The reported porous alginate system is competent to reduce the electron capture caused by biomaterials, decrease cellular oxygen stress, avoid oxidative protection, and therefore maintain the cellular phenotype of the CD34+ cells. • The reported porous alginate system can also upregulate the TNF signaling pathway and activate the NF-κB signaling pathway to promote the CD34+ cells' survival and maintain cellular homeostasis so that the renewability is substantially favored..
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangheng Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; Karolinska Institutet Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, HKSTP, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Min Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; Karolinska Institutet Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, HKSTP, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dong-An Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; Karolinska Institutet Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, HKSTP, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
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19
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Hua J, Jiao T, Qiao Y, Zhang S, Xiao T, Zhang Y, Yan J. Human serum albumin promotes self-renewal and expansion of umbilical cord blood CD34 + hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2023; 11:62. [PMID: 36819590 PMCID: PMC9929769 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-6383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background We investigated the effect of human serum albumin (HSA) on human umbilical cord blood (UCB) CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) cultured in vitro and transplanted in vivo. Methods Human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells were obtained by density gradient centrifugation. CD34+ cells were then sorted by CD34 conjugated magnetic microbeads. The sorted cells were cultured with or without HSA for 8 days in vitro. After 8 days, all cells were harvested for flow phenotyping and colony formation cell (CFC) experiments. The cells were injected into immunodeficient mice (NOD/Shi-scid/IL2Rγnull, NOG) via intravenous injections. From 4 weeks post-transplantation, flow cytometry was used to calculate human cell chimerism in the peripheral blood (PB) every 2 weeks. Flow phenotyping of human cell chimerism in bone marrow and spleen was calculated 16 weeks post-transplantation. Results Compared to the control group, CD34+ cells cultured with HSA increased significantly in vitro. The long-term engraftment of HSPCs and the hematopoietic multilineage reconstruction capacity were preserved by HSA. Normal engraftment of human cells could be maintained via HSA treatment could maintain normal engraftment of human cells in recipient PB. Conclusions Here, we found that HSA was beneficial to maintaining CD34+ cell expansion and short-term colony formation in vitro and optimizing multilineage reconstitution in immunodeficient mice in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hua
- Department of Hematology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital and Clinical School of Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Tingting Jiao
- Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, the Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongna Qiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dongchangfu People’s Hospital, Dongchangfu Branch of Liaocheng People’s Hospital and Clinical School of Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Taiwu Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital and Clinical School of Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Liaocheng People’s Hospital and Clinical School of Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Jinqiang Yan
- Department of Pathology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital and Clinical School of Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China
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20
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Albayrak E, Kocabaş F. Therapeutic targeting and HSC proliferation by small molecules and biologicals. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 135:425-496. [PMID: 37061339 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have considerably therapeutic value on autologous and allogeneic transplantation for many malignant/non-malignant hematological diseases, especially with improvement of gene therapy. However, acquirement of limited cell dose from HSC sources is the main handicap for successful transplantation. Therefore, many strategies based on the utilization of various cytokines, interaction of stromal cells, modulation of several extrinsic and intrinsic factors have been developed to promote ex vivo functional HSC expansion with high reconstitution ability until today. Besides all these strategies, small molecules become prominent with their ease of use and various advantages when they are translated to the clinic. In the last two decades, several small molecule compounds have been investigated in pre-clinical studies and, some of them were evaluated in different stages of clinical trials for their safety and efficiencies. In this chapter, we will present an overview of HSC biology, function, regulation and also, pharmacological HSC modulation with small molecules from pre-clinical and clinical perspectives.
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21
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Cordes M, Pike-Overzet K, Van Den Akker EB, Staal FJT, Canté-Barrett K. Multi-omic analyses in immune cell development with lessons learned from T cell development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1163529. [PMID: 37091971 PMCID: PMC10118026 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1163529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, flow cytometry has been the preferred method to characterize immune cells at the single-cell level. Flow cytometry is used in immunology mostly to measure the expression of identifying markers on the cell surface, but-with good antibodies-can also be used to assess the expression of intracellular proteins. The advent of single-cell RNA-sequencing has paved the road to study immune development at an unprecedented resolution. Single-cell RNA-sequencing studies have not only allowed us to efficiently chart the make-up of heterogeneous tissues, including their most rare cell populations, it also increasingly contributes to our understanding how different omics modalities interplay at a single cell resolution. Particularly for investigating the immune system, this means that these single-cell techniques can be integrated to combine and correlate RNA and protein data at the single-cell level. While RNA data usually reveals a large heterogeneity of a given population identified solely by a combination of surface protein markers, the integration of different omics modalities at a single cell resolution is expected to greatly contribute to our understanding of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn Cordes
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Karin Pike-Overzet
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Erik B. Van Den Akker
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Pattern Recognition and Bioinformatics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Frank J. T. Staal
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Frank J. T. Staal,
| | - Kirsten Canté-Barrett
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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22
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Albayrak E, Akgol S, Turan RD, Uslu M, Kocabas F. BML-260 promotes the growth of cord blood and mobilized peripheral blood hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells with improved reconstitution ability. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:2009-2029. [PMID: 36070493 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which are multipotent and have the ability to self-renew, are frequently used in the treatment of hematological diseases and cancer. Small molecules that target HSC quiescence regulators could be used for ex vivo expansion of both mobilized peripheral blood (mPB) and umbilical cord blood (UCB) hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC). We identified and investigated 35 small molecules that target HSC quiescence factors. We looked at how they affected HSC activity, such as expansion, quiescence, multilineage capacity, cycling ability, metabolism, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity. A transplantation study was carried out on immunocompromised mice to assess the expanded cells' repopulation and engraftment abilities. 4-[(5Z)-5-benzylidene-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]benzoic acid (BML)-260 and tosyl-l-arginine methyl ester (TAME) significantly increased both mPB and UCB-HSPC content and activated HSC re-entry into the cell cycle. The improved multilineage capacity was confirmed by the colony forming unit (CFU) assay. Furthermore, gene expression analysis revealed that BML-260 and TAME molecules aided HSC expansion by modulating cell cycle kinetics, such as p27, SKP2, and CDH1. In addition to these in vitro findings, we discovered that BML-260-expanded HSCs had a high hematopoietic reconstitution capacity with increased immune cell content after xenotransplantation into immunocompromised mice. In addition to the BML-260 molecule, a comparison study of serum-containing and serum-free chemically defined media, including various supplements, was performed. These in vitro and xenotransplantation results show that BML-260 molecules can be used for human HSC expansion and regulation of function. Furthermore, the medium composition discovered may be a novel platform for human HSPC expansion that could be used in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Albayrak
- Center of Stem Cell Research and Application, 19 Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey.,Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sezer Akgol
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Raife Dilek Turan
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Uslu
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
| | - Fatih Kocabas
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
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23
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Tajer P, Canté-Barrett K, Naber BAE, Vloemans SA, van Eggermond MCJA, van der Hoorn ML, Pike-Overzet K, Staal FJT. IL3 Has a Detrimental Effect on Hematopoietic Stem Cell Self-Renewal in Transplantation Settings. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112736. [PMID: 36361533 PMCID: PMC9655151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The ex vivo expansion and maintenance of long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSC) is crucial for stem cell-based gene therapy. A combination of stem cell factor (SCF), thrombopoietin (TPO), FLT3 ligand (FLT3) and interleukin 3 (IL3) cytokines has been commonly used in clinical settings for the expansion of CD34+ from different sources, prior to transplantation. To assess the effect of IL3 on repopulating capacity of cultured CD34+ cells, we employed the commonly used combination of STF, TPO and FILT3 with or without IL3. Expanded cells were transplanted into NSG mice, followed by secondary transplantation. Overall, this study shows that IL3 leads to lower human cell engraftment and repopulating capacity in NSG mice, suggesting a negative effect of IL3 on HSC self-renewal. We, therefore, recommend omitting IL3 from HSC-based gene therapy protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Tajer
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten Canté-Barrett
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Brigitta A. E. Naber
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra A. Vloemans
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Karin Pike-Overzet
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J. T. Staal
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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24
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Patel SB, Kuznetsova V, Matkins VR, Franceski AM, Bassal MA, Welner RS. Ex Vivo Expansion of Phenotypic and Transcriptomic Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells. Exp Hematol 2022; 115:1-13. [PMID: 36115580 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite decades of research, standard therapies remain ineffective for most leukemias, pushing toward an essential unmet need for targeted drug screens. Moreover, preclinical drug testing is an important consideration for success of clinical trials without affecting non-transformed stem cells. Using the transgenic chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) mouse model, we determine that leukemic stem cells (LSCs) are transcriptionally heterogenous with a preexistent drug-insensitive signature. To test targeting of potentially important pathways, we establish ex vivo expanded LSCs that have long-term engraftment and give rise to multilineage hematopoiesis. Expanded LSCs share transcriptomic signatures with primary LSCs including enrichment in Wnt, JAK-STAT, MAPK, mTOR and transforming growth factor β signaling pathways. Drug testing on expanded LSCs show that transforming growth factor β and Wnt inhibitors had significant effects on the viability of LSCs, but not leukemia-exposed healthy HSCs. This platform allows testing of multiple drugs at the same time to identify vulnerabilities of LSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta B Patel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL; Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Valeriya Kuznetsova
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL
| | - Victoria R Matkins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL
| | - Alana M Franceski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL
| | - Mahmoud A Bassal
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Cancer Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Robert S Welner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL.
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25
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Bruschi M, Vanzolini T, Sahu N, Balduini A, Magnani M, Fraternale A. Functionalized 3D scaffolds for engineering the hematopoietic niche. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:968086. [PMID: 36061428 PMCID: PMC9428512 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.968086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in a subzone of the bone marrow (BM) defined as the hematopoietic niche where, via the interplay of differentiation and self-renewal, they can give rise to immune and blood cells. Artificial hematopoietic niches were firstly developed in 2D in vitro cultures but the limited expansion potential and stemness maintenance induced the optimization of these systems to avoid the total loss of the natural tissue complexity. The next steps were adopted by engineering different materials such as hydrogels, fibrous structures with natural or synthetic polymers, ceramics, etc. to produce a 3D substrate better resembling that of BM. Cytokines, soluble factors, adhesion molecules, extracellular matrix (ECM) components, and the secretome of other niche-resident cells play a fundamental role in controlling and regulating HSC commitment. To provide biochemical cues, co-cultures, and feeder-layers, as well as natural or synthetic molecules were utilized. This review gathers key elements employed for the functionalization of a 3D scaffold that demonstrated to promote HSC growth and differentiation ranging from 1) biophysical cues, i.e., material, topography, stiffness, oxygen tension, and fluid shear stress to 2) biochemical hints favored by the presence of ECM elements, feeder cell layers, and redox scavengers. Particular focus is given to the 3D systems to recreate megakaryocyte products, to be applied for blood cell production, whereas HSC clinical application in such 3D constructs was limited so far to BM diseases testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Bruschi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
- *Correspondence: Michela Bruschi,
| | - Tania Vanzolini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Neety Sahu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Alessandra Balduini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Mauro Magnani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
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26
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Dozzo A, Galvin A, Shin JW, Scalia S, O'Driscoll CM, Ryan KB. Modelling acute myeloid leukemia (AML): What's new? A transition from the classical to the modern. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022:10.1007/s13346-022-01189-4. [PMID: 35930221 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01189-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous malignancy affecting myeloid cells in the bone marrow (BM) but can spread giving rise to impaired hematopoiesis. AML incidence increases with age and is associated with poor prognostic outcomes. There has been a disconnect between the success of novel drug compounds observed in preclinical studies of hematological malignancy and less than exceptional therapeutic responses in clinical trials. This review aims to provide a state-of-the-art overview on the different preclinical models of AML available to expand insights into disease pathology and as preclinical screening tools. Deciphering the complex physiological and pathological processes and developing predictive preclinical models are key to understanding disease progression and fundamental in the development and testing of new effective drug treatments. Standard scaffold-free suspension models fail to recapitulate the complex environment where AML occurs. To this end, we review advances in scaffold/matrix-based 3D models and outline the most recent advances in on-chip technology. We also provide an overview of clinically relevant animal models and review the expanding use of patient-derived samples, which offer the prospect to create more "patient specific" screening tools either in the guise of 3D matrix models, microphysiological "organ-on-chip" tools or xenograft models and discuss representative examples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aoife Galvin
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jae-Won Shin
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, 909 S. Wolcott Ave, Chicago, IL, 5091 COMRB, USA
| | - Santo Scalia
- Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Caitriona M O'Driscoll
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,SSPC Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Katie B Ryan
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. .,SSPC Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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27
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Maity R, Hajra S. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Eupalinilide E, a Promoter of Human HSPC Expansion. Org Lett 2022; 24:4745-4749. [PMID: 35763266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A concise and scalable asymmetric total synthesis of eupalinilde E from (R)-(-)-carvone in 12 steps is reported with an overall yield of 20%. The key steps of the synthesis are a tandem Favorskii rearrangement-elimination reaction in the chromatography-free synthesis of carvone-derived 2-cyclopentene carbaldehyde and its catalyst-free stereospecific tandem allylboration-lactonization using recyclable trifluoroethanol as a promoter and solvent affording β-hydroxymethyl-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkrishna Maity
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saumen Hajra
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
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28
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Huang D, Zhao Q, Zhang M, Weng Q, Zhang Q, Wang K, Dong F, Cheng H, Hu F, Wang J. Hoxb5 reprogrammes murine multipotent blood progenitors into haematopoietic stem cell-like cells. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13235. [PMID: 35582777 PMCID: PMC9201374 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The expression of transcription factor Hoxb5 specifically marks the functional haematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in mice. However, our recent work demonstrated that ectopic expression of Hoxb5 exerted little effect on HSC but could convert B‐cell progenitors into functional T cells in vivo. Thus, cell type‐ and development stage‐specific roles of Hoxb5 in haematopoietic hierarchy await more extensive exploration. In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of Hoxb5 expression in multipotent blood progenitor cells. Materials and Methods A Mx1cre/RosaLSL‐Hoxb5‐EGFP/+ mouse model was used to evaluate the effect of Hoxb5 expression in blood multipotent progenitor cells (MPP). Golden standard serial transplantation experiments were used to test the long‐term haematopoiesis potential of Hoxb5‐expressing MPP. Single‐cell RNA‐seq analysis was used to characterize the gained molecular features of Hoxb5‐expressing MPP and to compare with the global transcriptome features of natural adult HSC and fetal liver HSC (FL HSC). Results Here, with a mouse strain engineered with conditional expression of Hoxb5, we unveiled that induced expression of Hoxb5 in MPP led to the generation of a de novo Sca1+c‐kit+CD11b+CD48+ (CD11b+CD48+SK) cell type, which can repopulate long‐term multilineage haematopoiesis in serial transplantations. RNA‐seq analysis showed that CD11b+CD48+SK cells exhibited acquired features of DNA replication and cell division. Conclusions Our current study uncovers that Hoxb5 can empower MPP with self‐renewal ability and indicates an alternative approach for generating HSC‐like cells in vivo from blood lineage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehao Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qianhao Zhao
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, China
| | - Mengyun Zhang
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qitong Weng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaitao Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology & National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine & Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology & National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine & Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Fangxiao Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinyong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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29
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Hashem Boroojerdi M, Hosseinpour Sarmadi V, Maqbool M, Ling KH, Safarzadeh Kozani P, Safarzadeh Kozani P, Ramasamy R. Directional capacity of human mesenchymal stem cells to support hematopoietic stem cell proliferation in vitro. Gene 2022; 820:146218. [PMID: 35134469 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in a specialised microenvironment in the bone marrow, which is majorly composed of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and its' derivatives. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory role of MSCs to decipher the cellular and humoral communications on HSCs' proliferation, self-renewal, and differentiation at the transcriptomic level. MATERIALS AND METHODS Microarray assay was employed to analyse the gene expression profile of HSCs that imparted by MSCs during co-culture. RESULTS The proliferation of human umbilical cord blood-derived HSCs (hUC-HSCs) markedly propagated when MSCs were used as the feeder layer, without disturbing the undifferentiated state of HSCs, and reduced the cell death of HSCs. Upon co-culture with MSCs, the global microarray analysis of HSCs disclosed 712 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (561 up-regulated and 151 down-regulated). The dysregulations of various transcripts were enriched for cellular functions such as cell cycle (including CCND1), apoptosis (including TNF), and genes related to signalling pathways governing self-renewal, as well as WNT5A from the Wnt signalling pathway, MAPK, Hedgehog, FGF2 from FGF, Jak-STAT, and PITX2 from the TGF-β signalling pathway. To concur this, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was utilised for corroborating the microarray results from five of the most dysregulated genes. CONCLUSION This study elucidates the underlying mechanisms of the mitogenic influences of MSCs on the propagation of HSCs. The exploitation of such mechanisms provides a potential means for achieving larger quantities of HSCs in vitro, thus obviating the need for manipulating their differentiation potential for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadese Hashem Boroojerdi
- Stem Cell & Immunity Research Group, Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Vahid Hosseinpour Sarmadi
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Maqbool
- Stem Cell & Immunity Research Group, Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - King-Hwa Ling
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pooria Safarzadeh Kozani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouya Safarzadeh Kozani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Rajesh Ramasamy
- Stem Cell & Immunity Research Group, Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Dental Radiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia.
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30
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Lederer CW, Koniali L, Buerki-Thurnherr T, Papasavva PL, La Grutta S, Licari A, Staud F, Bonifazi D, Kleanthous M. Catching Them Early: Framework Parameters and Progress for Prenatal and Childhood Application of Advanced Therapies. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040793. [PMID: 35456627 PMCID: PMC9031205 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) are medicines for human use based on genes, cells or tissue engineering. After clear successes in adults, the nascent technology now sees increasing pediatric application. For many still untreatable disorders with pre- or perinatal onset, timely intervention is simply indispensable; thus, prenatal and pediatric applications of ATMPs hold great promise for curative treatments. Moreover, for most inherited disorders, early ATMP application may substantially improve efficiency, economy and accessibility compared with application in adults. Vindicating this notion, initial data for cell-based ATMPs show better cell yields, success rates and corrections of disease parameters for younger patients, in addition to reduced overall cell and vector requirements, illustrating that early application may resolve key obstacles to the widespread application of ATMPs for inherited disorders. Here, we provide a selective review of the latest ATMP developments for prenatal, perinatal and pediatric use, with special emphasis on its comparison with ATMPs for adults. Taken together, we provide a perspective on the enormous potential and key framework parameters of clinical prenatal and pediatric ATMP application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten W. Lederer
- The Molecular Genetics Thalassemia Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (L.K.); (P.L.P.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +357-22-392764
| | - Lola Koniali
- The Molecular Genetics Thalassemia Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (L.K.); (P.L.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Tina Buerki-Thurnherr
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland;
| | - Panayiota L. Papasavva
- The Molecular Genetics Thalassemia Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (L.K.); (P.L.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Stefania La Grutta
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, IFT National Research Council, 90146 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Amelia Licari
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Frantisek Staud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
| | - Donato Bonifazi
- Consorzio per Valutazioni Biologiche e Farmacologiche (CVBF) and European Paediatric Translational Research Infrastructure (EPTRI), 70122 Bari, Italy;
| | - Marina Kleanthous
- The Molecular Genetics Thalassemia Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (L.K.); (P.L.P.); (M.K.)
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31
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He M, Xu H, Liu G, Yang M, Zhang W, Li Y, Zhang H, Wang C, Zhang Y, Liu X, Xu S, Ding Y, Li Y, Gao Y, Zhang Q. Levistilide A Promotes Expansion of Human Umbilical Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells by Enhancing Antioxidant Activity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:806837. [PMID: 35250558 PMCID: PMC8895481 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.806837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Several approaches to expand human hematopoietic stem cells (hHSCs) clinically along with retainable capability of multipotential differentiation have been reported, but only a few have advanced to evaluation in clinical trials, which limits the application of HSC-based therapy. Here we show a phthalide derivative, Levistilide A (LA), can serve as a promising molecule to expand functional human umbilical cord blood (UCB) HSCs ex vivo. An in-house screen identified LA out of nine natural products as an outstanding candidate for hHSCs expansion. Additionally, our data indicated that LA treatment not only increased the numbers of phenotype-defined HSCs, but also enhanced their colony formation ability. Xenotransplantation assays showed that LA treatment could maintain unaffected engraftment of hHSCs with multilineage differentiation capacity. Further experiments revealed that LA enhanced the antioxidant activity of hHSCs by reducing intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The identification of LA provides a new strategy in solving the clinical issue of limited numbers of UCB HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei He
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangju Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yafang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Hexiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Chaoqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yahui Ding
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Quan Zhang, ; Yingdai Gao, ; Yinghui Li, ; Yahui Ding,
| | - Yinghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Quan Zhang, ; Yingdai Gao, ; Yinghui Li, ; Yahui Ding,
| | - Yingdai Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Quan Zhang, ; Yingdai Gao, ; Yinghui Li, ; Yahui Ding,
| | - Quan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Quan Zhang, ; Yingdai Gao, ; Yinghui Li, ; Yahui Ding,
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Soh KVQY, Hwang WYK. Optimizing Blood Stem Cell Transplants Through Cellular Engineering. BLOOD CELL THERAPY 2022; 5:1-15. [PMID: 36714264 PMCID: PMC9847292 DOI: 10.31547/bct-2021-008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT) are used in the treatment of blood cancers, autoimmune diseases, and metabolic disorders. Over 1.5 million transplants have been performed around the world thus far. In an attempt to enhance the efficacy of the cells used for transplantation, efforts are underway to use cellular engineering to increase cell numbers through: (1) the expansion of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC); (2) cellular subset selection to remove cells that cause graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), while adding back cells, which can mediate anti-tumor and anti-viral immunity; (3) the use of immune regulatory cells, such as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) to control GvHD; (4) the use of immune effector cells to mount immunological control of tumor cells before, after, or independent of blood stem cell transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystal Valerie Qian Ying Soh
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, SG 169610,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, SG
| | - William Ying Khee Hwang
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, SG 169610,Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, SG,Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore, SG
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Laurenzana I, Trino S, Lamorte D, De Stradis A, Santodirocco M, Sgambato A, De Luca L, Caivano A. Multiple Myeloma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Impair Normal Hematopoiesis by Acting on Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:793040. [PMID: 34977093 PMCID: PMC8716627 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.793040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by the abnormal proliferation of clonal plasma cells (PCs) in bone marrow (BM). MM-PCs progressively occupy and likely alter BM niches where reside hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) whose viability, self-renewal, proliferation, commitment, and differentiation are essential for normal hematopoiesis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are particles released by normal and neoplastic cells, such as MM cells. They are important cell-to-cell communicators able to modify the phenotype, genotype, and the fate of the recipient cells. Investigation of mechanisms and mediators underlying HSPC-MM-PC crosstalk is warranted to better understand the MM hematopoietic impairment and for the identification of novel therapeutic strategies against this incurable malignancy. This study is aimed to evaluate whether EVs released by MM-PCs interact with HSPCs, what effects they exert, and the underlying mechanisms involved. Therefore, we investigated the viability, cell cycle, phenotype, clonogenicity, and microRNA profile of HSPCs exposed to MM cell line-released EVs (MM-EVs). Our data showed that: (i) MM cells released a heterogeneous population of EVs; (ii) MM-EVs caused a dose-dependent reduction of HSPCs viability; (iii) MM-EVs caused a redistribution of the HSPC pool characterized by a significant increase in the frequency of stem and early precursors accompanied by a reduction of late precursor cells, such as common myeloid progenitors (CMPs), megakaryocyte erythroid progenitors (MEPs), B and NK progenitors, and a slight increase of granulocyte macrophage progenitors (GMPs); (iv) MM-EVs caused an increase of stem and early precursors in S phase with a decreased number of cells in G0/G1 phase in a dose-dependent manner; (v) MM-EVs reduced the HSPC colony formation; and (vi) MM-EVs caused an increased expression level of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and activation of miRNAs. In conclusion, MM cells through the release of EVs, by acting directly on normal HSPCs, negatively dysregulate normal hematopoiesis, and this could have important therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Laurenzana
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Stefania Trino
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Daniela Lamorte
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Angelo De Stradis
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Santodirocco
- Trasfusional Medicine Department, Puglia CBB, Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sgambato
- Scientific Direction, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Luciana De Luca
- Unit of Clinical Pathology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Antonella Caivano
- Unit of Clinical Pathology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, Italy
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Devaraju N, Rajendiran V, Ravi NS, Mohankumar KM. Genome Engineering of Hematopoietic Stem Cells Using CRISPR/Cas9 System. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2429:307-331. [PMID: 35507170 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1979-7_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ex vivo genetic manipulation of autologous hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) is a viable strategy for the treatment of hematologic and primary immune disorders. Targeted genome editing of HSPCs using the CRISPR-Cas9 system provides an effective platform to edit the desired genomic locus for therapeutic purposes with minimal off-target effects. In this chapter, we describe the detailed methodology for the CRISPR-Cas9 mediated gene knockout, deletion, addition, and correction in human HSPCs by viral and nonviral approaches. We also present a comprehensive protocol for the analysis of genome modified HSPCs toward the erythroid and megakaryocyte lineage in vitro and the long-term multilineage reconstitution capacity in the recently developed NBSGW mouse model that supports human erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedhitha Devaraju
- Centre for Stem Cell Research (a unit of inStem, Bangalore), Christian Medical College Campus, Bagayam, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vignesh Rajendiran
- Centre for Stem Cell Research (a unit of inStem, Bangalore), Christian Medical College Campus, Bagayam, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nithin Sam Ravi
- Centre for Stem Cell Research (a unit of inStem, Bangalore), Christian Medical College Campus, Bagayam, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumarasamypet M Mohankumar
- Centre for Stem Cell Research (a unit of inStem, Bangalore), Christian Medical College Campus, Bagayam, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Zhu X, Sun Q, Tan WS, Cai H. Removal of CD34− cells to increase self-renewal symmetric division and expansion ex vivo of cord blood CD34+ cells through reducing the TGF-β1. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zbinden A, Canté-Barrett K, Pike-Overzet K, Staal FJT. Stem Cell-Based Disease Models for Inborn Errors of Immunity. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010108. [PMID: 35011669 PMCID: PMC8750661 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrinsic capacity of human hematopoietic stem cells (hHSCs) to reconstitute myeloid and lymphoid lineages combined with their self-renewal capacity hold enormous promises for gene therapy as a viable treatment option for a number of immune-mediated diseases, most prominently for inborn errors of immunity (IEI). The current development of such therapies relies on disease models, both in vitro and in vivo, which allow the study of human pathophysiology in great detail. Here, we discuss the current challenges with regards to developmental origin, heterogeneity and the subsequent implications for disease modeling. We review models based on induced pluripotent stem cell technology and those relaying on use of adult hHSCs. We critically review the advantages and limitations of current models for IEI both in vitro and in vivo. We conclude that existing and future stem cell-based models are necessary tools for developing next generation therapies for IEI.
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Klaver-Flores S, Zittersteijn HA, Canté-Barrett K, Lankester A, Hoeben RC, Gonçalves MAFV, Pike-Overzet K, Staal FJT. Genomic Engineering in Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells: Hype or Hope? Front Genome Ed 2021; 2:615619. [PMID: 34713237 PMCID: PMC8525357 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2020.615619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many gene editing techniques are developed and tested, yet, most of these are optimized for transformed cell lines, which differ from their primary cell counterparts in terms of transfectability, cell death propensity, differentiation capability, and chromatin accessibility to gene editing tools. Researchers are working to overcome the challenges associated with gene editing of primary cells, namely, at the level of improving the gene editing tool components, e.g., the use of modified single guide RNAs, more efficient delivery of Cas9 and RNA in the ribonucleoprotein of these cells. Despite these efforts, the low efficiency of proper gene editing in true primary cells is an obstacle that needs to be overcome in order to generate sufficiently high numbers of corrected cells for therapeutic use. In addition, many of the therapeutic candidate genes for gene editing are expressed in more mature blood cell lineages but not in the hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), where they are tightly packed in heterochromatin, making them less accessible to gene editing enzymes. Bringing HSCs in proliferation is sometimes seen as a solution to overcome lack of chromatin access, but the induction of proliferation in HSCs often is associated with loss of stemness. The documented occurrences of off-target effects and, importantly, on-target side effects also raise important safety issues. In conclusion, many obstacles still remain to be overcome before gene editing in HSCs for gene correction purposes can be applied clinically. In this review, in a perspective way, we will discuss the challenges of researching and developing a novel genetic engineering therapy for monogenic blood and immune system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hidde A Zittersteijn
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Arjan Lankester
- Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Rob C Hoeben
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Manuel A F V Gonçalves
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Karin Pike-Overzet
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Frank J T Staal
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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Ray SK, Mukherjee S. Clinical Practice of Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cells in Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine - Prodigious Promise for Imminent Times. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2021; 16:16-34. [PMID: 34702158 DOI: 10.2174/1872208315666211026103227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The umbilical cord blood is usually disposed of as an unwanted material after parturition; however, today, it is viewed as a regenerative medication so as to create the organ tissues. This cord blood gathered from the umbilical cord is made up of mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, and multipotent non-hematopoietic stem cells having many therapeutic effects as these stem cells are utilized to treat malignancies, hematological ailments, inborn metabolic problem, and immune deficiencies. Presently, numerous clinical applications for human umbilical cord blood inferred stem cells, as stem cell treatment initiate new research. These cells are showing such a boon to stem cell treatment; it is nevertheless characteristic that the prospect of conservation of umbilical cord blood is gaining impetus. Current research works have demonstrated that about 80 diseases, including cancer, can be treated or relieved utilizing umbilical cord blood stem cells, and every year, many transplants have been effectively done around the world. However, in terms of factors, including patient selection, cell preparation, dosing, and delivery process, the treatment procedure for therapy with minimally manipulated stem cells can be patented. It is also worth thinking about how this patent could affect cord blood banks. Meanwhile, the utilization of cord blood cells is controversial and adult-derived cells may not be as successful, so numerous clinicians have begun working with stem cells that are acquired from umbilical cord blood. This review epitomizes a change in outlook from what has been completed with umbilical cord blood cell research and cord blood banking on the grounds that cord blood cells do not require much in the method of handling for cryopreservation or for transplantation in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sukhes Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry. All India Institute of Medical Sciences. Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh-462020. 0
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39
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O'Reilly E, Zeinabad HA, Nolan C, Sefy J, Williams T, Tarunina M, Hernandez D, Choo Y, Szegezdi E. Recreating the Bone Marrow Microenvironment to Model Leukemic Stem Cell Quiescence. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:662868. [PMID: 34589478 PMCID: PMC8473680 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.662868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The main challenge in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is relapse, as it has no good treatment options and 90% of relapsed patients die as a result. It is now well accepted that relapse is due to a persisting subset of AML cells known as leukemia-initiating cells or leukemic stem cells (LSCs). Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM), a specialized niche that coordinates HSC self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation. HSCs are divided into two types: long-term HSCs (LT-HSCs) and short-term HSCs, where LT-HSCs are typically quiescent and act as a reserve of HSCs. Like LT-HSCs, a quiescent population of LSCs also exist. Like LT-HSCs, quiescent LSCs have low metabolic activity and receive pro-survival signals from the BMM, making them resistant to drugs, and upon discontinuation of therapy, they can become activated and re-establish the disease. Several studies have shown that the activation of quiescent LSCs may sensitize them to cytotoxic drugs. However, it is very difficult to experimentally model the quiescence-inducing BMM. Here we report that culturing AML cells with bone marrow stromal cells, transforming growth factor beta-1 and hypoxia in a three-dimensional system can replicate the quiescence-driving BMM. A quiescent-like state of the AML cells was confirmed by reduced cell proliferation, increased percentage of cells in the G0 cell cycle phase and a decrease in absolute cell numbers, expression of markers of quiescence, and reduced metabolic activity. Furthermore, the culture could be established as co-axial microbeads, enabling high-throughput screening, which has been used to identify combination drug treatments that could break BMM-mediated LSC quiescence, enabling the eradication of quiescent LSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eimear O'Reilly
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Hojjat Alizadeh Zeinabad
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Caoimhe Nolan
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jamileh Sefy
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Thomas Williams
- Plasticell Ltd., Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Marina Tarunina
- Plasticell Ltd., Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Hernandez
- Plasticell Ltd., Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Yen Choo
- Plasticell Ltd., Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Szegezdi
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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40
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Rebuilding the hematopoietic stem cell niche: Recent developments and future prospects. Acta Biomater 2021; 132:129-148. [PMID: 33813090 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have proven their clinical relevance in stem cell transplantation to cure patients with hematological disorders. Key to their regenerative potential is their natural microenvironment - their niche - in the bone marrow (BM). Developments in the field of biomaterials enable the recreation of such environments with increasing preciseness in the laboratory. Such artificial niches help to gain a fundamental understanding of the biophysical and biochemical processes underlying the interaction of HSCs with the materials in their environment and the disturbance of this interplay during diseases affecting the BM. Artificial niches also have the potential to multiply HSCs in vitro, to enable the targeted differentiation of HSCs into mature blood cells or to serve as drug-testing platforms. In this review, we will introduce the importance of artificial niches followed by the biology and biophysics of the natural archetype. We will outline how 2D biomaterials can be used to dissect the complexity of the natural niche into individual parameters for fundamental research and how 3D systems evolved from them. We will present commonly used biomaterials for HSC research and their applications. Finally, we will highlight two areas in the field of HSC research, which just started to unlock the possibilities provided by novel biomaterials, in vitro blood production and studying the pathophysiology of the niche in vitro. With these contents, the review aims to give a broad overview of the different biomaterials applied for HSC research and to discuss their potentials, challenges and future directions in the field. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are multipotent cells responsible for maintaining the turnover of all blood cells. They are routinely applied to treat patients with hematological diseases. This high clinical relevance explains the necessity of multiplication or differentiation of HSCs in the laboratory, which is hampered by the missing natural microenvironment - the so called niche. Biomaterials offer the possibility to mimic the niche and thus overcome this hurdle. The review introduces the HSC niche in the bone marrow and discusses the utility of biomaterials in creating artificial niches. It outlines how 2D systems evolved into sophisticated 3D platforms, which opened the gateway to applications such as, expansion of clinically relevant HSCs, in vitro blood production, studying niche pathologies and drug testing.
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Orticelli V, Papait A, Vertua E, Bonassi Signoroni P, Romele P, Di Pietro L, Magatti M, Teofili L, Silini AR, Parolini O. Human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cells support the ex vivo expansion of cord blood hematopoietic stem cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:1516-1529. [PMID: 34327849 PMCID: PMC8550705 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.21-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, more than 30 000 allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantations have been performed for the treatment of hematological and nonhematological diseases using HSC from umbilical cord blood (CB). However, the wide utilization of CB as a source of HSC is limited by the low number of cells recovered. One strategy to expand ex vivo CB‐HSC is represented by the use of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM‐MSCs) as a feeder to enhance HSC proliferation while maintaining HSC stemness. Indeed, BM‐MSCs have been recognized as one of the most relevant players in the HSC niche. Thus, it has been hypothesized that they can support the ex vivo expansion of HSC by mimicking the physiological microenvironment present in the hematopoietic niche. Due to the role of placenta in supporting fetal hematopoiesis, MSC derived from the amniotic membrane (hAMSC) of human term placenta could represent an interesting alternative to BM‐MSC as a feeder layer to enhance the proliferation and maintain HSC stemness. Therefore, in this study we investigated if hAMSC could support the ex vivo expansion of HSC and progenitor cells. The capacity of hAMSCs to support the ex vivo expansion of CB‐HSC was evaluated in comparison to the control condition represented by the CB‐CD34+ cells without a feeder layer. The coculture was performed at two different CD34+:MSC ratios (1:2 and 1:8) in both cell‐to‐cell contact and transwell setting. After 7 days, the cells were collected and analyzed for phenotype and functionality. Our results suggest that hAMSCs represent a valuable alternative to BM‐MSC to support: (a) the ex vivo expansion of CB‐HSC in both contact and transwell systems, (b) the colony forming unit ability, and (c) long‐term culture initiating cells ability. Overall, these findings may contribute to address the unmet need of high HSC content in CB units available for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Orticelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della vita e sanità pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli", Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Papait
- Dipartimento di Scienze della vita e sanità pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elsa Vertua
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Pietro Romele
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy
| | - Lorena Di Pietro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della vita e sanità pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Magatti
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luciana Teofili
- IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ornella Parolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della vita e sanità pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli", Rome, Italy
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Yin S, Cao Y. Hydrogels for Large-Scale Expansion of Stem Cells. Acta Biomater 2021; 128:1-20. [PMID: 33746032 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells demonstrate considerable promise for various preclinical and clinical applications, including drug screening, disease treatments, and regenerative medicine. Producing high-quality and large amounts of stem cells is in demand for these applications. Despite challenges, as hydrogel-based cell culture technology has developed, tremendous progress has been made in stem cell expansion and directed differentiation. Hydrogels are soft materials with abundant water. Many hydrogel properties, including biodegradability, mechanical strength, and porosity, have been shown to play essential roles in regulating stem cell proliferation and differentiation. The biochemical and physical properties of hydrogels can be specifically tailored to mimic the native microenvironment that various stem cells reside in vivo. A few hydrogel-based systems have been developed for successful stem cell cultures and expansion in vitro. In this review, we summarize various types of hydrogels that have been designed to effectively enhance the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), and pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), respectively. According to each stem cell type's preference, we also discuss strategies for fabricating hydrogels with biochemical and mechanical cues and other characteristics representing microenvironments of stem cells in vivo. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this review article we summarize current progress on the construction of hydrogel systems for the culture and expansion of various stem cells, including hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), and pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). The Significance includes: (1) Provide detailed discussion on the stem cell niches that should be considered for stem cell in vitro expansion. (2) Summarize various strategies to construct hydrogels that can largely recapture the microenvironment of native stem cells. (3) Suggest a few future directions that can be implemented to improve current in vitro stem cell expansion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yin
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Chemistry and Biomedicine innovation center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen, China, 518057
| | - Yi Cao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Chemistry and Biomedicine innovation center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen, China, 518057.
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Koniali L, Lederer CW, Kleanthous M. Therapy Development by Genome Editing of Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Cells 2021; 10:1492. [PMID: 34198536 PMCID: PMC8231983 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accessibility of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for the manipulation and repopulation of the blood and immune systems has placed them at the forefront of cell and gene therapy development. Recent advances in genome-editing tools, in particular for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) and CRISPR/Cas-derived editing systems, have transformed the gene therapy landscape. Their versatility and the ability to edit genomic sequences and facilitate gene disruption, correction or insertion, have broadened the spectrum of potential gene therapy targets and accelerated the development of potential curative therapies for many rare diseases treatable by transplantation or modification of HSCs. Ongoing developments seek to address efficiency and precision of HSC modification, tolerability of treatment and the distribution and affordability of corresponding therapies. Here, we give an overview of recent progress in the field of HSC genome editing as treatment for inherited disorders and summarize the most significant findings from corresponding preclinical and clinical studies. With emphasis on HSC-based therapies, we also discuss technical hurdles that need to be overcome en route to clinical translation of genome editing and indicate advances that may facilitate routine application beyond the most common disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lola Koniali
- Department of Molecular Genetics Thalassemia, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (L.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Carsten W. Lederer
- Department of Molecular Genetics Thalassemia, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (L.K.); (M.K.)
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus
| | - Marina Kleanthous
- Department of Molecular Genetics Thalassemia, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (L.K.); (M.K.)
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus
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Fernandes SS, Limaye LS, Kale VP. Differentiated Cells Derived from Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Their Applications in Translational Medicine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1347:29-43. [PMID: 34114129 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their development are one of the most widely studied model systems in mammals. In adults, HSCs are predominantly found in the bone marrow, from where they maintain homeostasis. Besides bone marrow and mobilized peripheral blood, cord blood is also being used as an alternate allogenic source of transplantable HSCs. HSCs from both autologous and allogenic sources are being applied for the treatment of various conditions like blood cancers, anemia, etc. HSCs can further differentiate to mature blood cells. Differentiation process of HSCs is being extensively studied so as to obtain a large number of pure populations of various differentiated cells in vitro so that they can be taken up for clinical trials. The ability to generate sufficient quantity of clinical-grade specialized blood cells in vitro would take the field of hematology a step ahead in translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lalita S Limaye
- Stem Cell Lab, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | - Vaijayanti P Kale
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research, Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India.
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Fañanas-Baquero S, Orman I, Becerra Aparicio F, Bermudez de Miguel S, Garcia Merino J, Yañez R, Fernandez Sainz Y, Sánchez R, Dessy-Rodríguez M, Alberquilla O, Alfaro D, Zapata A, Bueren JA, Segovia JC, Quintana-Bustamante O. Natural estrogens enhance the engraftment of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in immunodeficient mice. Haematologica 2021; 106:1659-1670. [PMID: 32354868 PMCID: PMC8168497 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.233924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells are crucial in the maintenance of lifelong production of all blood cells. These Stem Cells are highly regulated to maintain homeostasis through a delicate balance between quiescence, self-renewal and differentiation. However, this balance is altered during the hematopoietic recovery after Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Transplantation. Transplantation efficacy can be limited by inadequate Hematopoietic Stem Cells number, poor homing, low level of engraftment, or limited self-renewal. As recent evidences indicate that estrogens are involved in regulating the hematopoiesis, we sought to examine whether natural estrogens (estrone or E1, estradiol or E2, estriol or E3 and estetrol or E4) modulate human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells. Our results show that human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell subsets express estrogen receptors, and whose signaling is activated by E2 and E4 on these cells. Additionally, these natural estrogens cause different effects on human Progenitors in vitro. We found that both E2 and E4 expand human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells. However, E4 was the best tolerated estrogen and promoted cell cycle of human Hematopoietic Progenitors. Furthermore, we identified that E2 and, more significantly, E4 doubled human hematopoietic engraftment in immunodeficient mice without altering other Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells properties. Finally, the impact of E4 on promoting human hematopoietic engraftment in immunodeficient mice might be mediated through the regulation of mesenchymal stromal cells in the bone marrow niche. Together, our data demonstrate that E4 is well tolerated and enhances human reconstitution in immunodeficient mice, directly by modulating human Hematopoietic Progenitor properties and indirectly by interacting with the bone marrow niche. This application might have particular relevance to ameliorate the hematopoietic recovery after myeloablative conditioning, especially when limiting numbers of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells are available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David Alfaro
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustin Zapata
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Oliveira CS, Carreira M, Correia CR, Mano JF. The Therapeutic Potential of Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Bone Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:379-392. [PMID: 33683146 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The repair process of bone fractures is a complex biological mechanism requiring the recruitment and in situ functionality of stem/stromal cells from the bone marrow (BM). BM mesenchymal stem/stromal cells have been widely explored in multiple bone tissue engineering applications, whereas the use of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has been poorly investigated in this context. A reasonable explanation is the fact that the role of HSCs and their combined effect with other elements of the hematopoietic niches in the bone-healing process is still elusive. Therefore, in this review we intend to highlight the influence of HSCs in the bone repair process, mainly through the promotion of osteogenesis and angiogenesis at the bone injury site. For that, we briefly describe the main biological characteristics of HSCs, as well as their hematopoietic niches, while reviewing the biomimetic engineered BM niche models. Moreover, we also highlighted the role of HSCs in translational in vivo transplantation or implantation as promoters of bone tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia S Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mariana Carreira
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Clara R Correia
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João F Mano
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Niazi V, Taheri M, Basiri A. Effect of Small Molecule on ex vivo Expansion of Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells: A Concise Review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:649115. [PMID: 33898442 PMCID: PMC8063724 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.649115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a group of cells being produced during embryogenesis to preserve the blood system. They might also be differentiated to non-hematopoietic cells, including neural, cardiac and myogenic cells. Therefore, they have vast applications in the treatment of human disorders. Considering the restricted quantities of HSCs in the umbilical cord blood, inadequate mobilization of bone marrow stem cells, and absence of ethnic dissimilarity, ex vivo expansion of these HSCs is an applicable method for obtaining adequate amounts of HSCs. Several molecules such as NR-101, zVADfmk, zLLYfmk, Nicotinamide, Resveratrol, the Copper chelator TEPA, dmPGE2, Garcinol, and serotonin have been used in combination of cytokines to expand HSCs ex vivo. The most promising results have been obtained from cocktails that influence multipotency and self-renewal features from different pathways. In the current manuscript, we provide a concise summary of the effects of diverse small molecules on expansion of cord blood HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Niazi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Basiri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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The BET inhibitor CPI203 promotes ex vivo expansion of cord blood long-term repopulating HSCs and megakaryocytes. Blood 2021; 136:2410-2415. [PMID: 32599615 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020005357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cytokine-mediated expansion of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can result in high yields of hematopoietic progenitor cells, this generally occurs at the expense of reduced bone marrow HSC repopulating ability, thereby limiting potential therapeutic applications. Because bromodomain-containing proteins (BCPs) have been demonstrated to regulate mouse HSC self-renewal and stemness, we screened small molecules targeting various BCPs as potential agents for ex vivo expansion of human HSCs. Of 10 compounds tested, only the bromodomain and extra-terminal motif inhibitor CPI203 enhanced the expansion of human cord blood HSCs without losing cell viability in vitro. The expanded cells also demonstrated improved engraftment and repopulation in serial transplantation assays. Transcriptomic and functional studies showed that the expansion of long-term repopulating HSCs was accompanied by synchronized expansion and maturation of megakaryocytes consistent with CPI203-mediated reprogramming of cord blood hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. This approach may therefore prove beneficial for ex vivo gene editing, for enhanced platelet production, and for the improved usage of cord blood for transplantation research and therapy.
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Sinenko SA, Ponomartsev SV, Tomilin AN. Pluripotent stem cell-based gene therapy approach: human de novo synthesized chromosomes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:1207-1220. [PMID: 33011821 PMCID: PMC11072874 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03653-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach in gene therapy was introduced 20 years ago since artificial non-integrative chromosome-based vectors containing gene loci size inserts were engineered. To date, different human artificial chromosomes (HAC) were generated with the use of de novo construction or "top-down" engineering approaches. The HAC-based therapeutic approach includes ex vivo gene transferring and correction of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) or highly proliferative modified stem cells. The current progress in the technology of induced PSCs, integrating with the HAC technology, resulted in a novel platform of stem cell-based tissue replacement therapy for the treatment of genetic disease. Nowadays, the sophisticated and laborious HAC technology has significantly improved and is now closer to clinical studies. In here, we reviewed the achievements in the technology of de novo synthesized HACs for a chromosome transfer for developing gene therapy tissue replacement models of monogenic human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A Sinenko
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Ave, St-Petersburg, 194064, Russia.
| | - Sergey V Ponomartsev
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Ave, St-Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Alexey N Tomilin
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Ave, St-Petersburg, 194064, Russia.
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St-Petersburg State University, 7-9, Universitetskaya Emb, St-Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
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