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Shi X, Qi Z, Huang D, Zhu J, Shen X, Liu T. HuR facilitates miR-93-5p-induced activation of MAP3K2 translation via MAP3K2 3'UTR ARE2 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 722:150152. [PMID: 38795452 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can positively regulate gene expression through an unconventional RNA activation mechanism involving direct targeting 3' untranslated regions (UTRs). Our prior study found miR-93-5p activates mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 2 (MAP3K2) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) via its 3'UTR. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we identified two candidate AU-rich element (ARE) motifs (ARE1 and ARE2) adjacent to the miR-93-5p binding site located within the MAP3K2 3'UTR using AREsite2. Luciferase reporter and translation assays validated that only ARE2 participated in MAP3K2 activation. Integrative analysis revealed that human antigen R (HuR), an ARE2-associated RNA-binding protein (RBP), physically and functionally interacted with the MAP3K2 3'UTR. Consequently, an HuR-ARE2 complex was shown to facilitate miR-93-5p-mediated upregulation of MAP3K2 expression. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis and studies of HCC cells and specimens highlighted an oncogenic role for HuR and positive HuR-MAP3K2 expression correlation. HuR is also an enhancing factor in the positive feedback circuit comprising miR-93-5p, MAP3K2, and c-Jun demonstrated in our prior study. The newly identified HuR-ARE2 involvement enriches the mechanism of miR-93-5p-driven MAP3K2 activation and suggests new therapeutic strategies warranted for exploration in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhuoran Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dongbo Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jimin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xizhong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Taotao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Geriatric Medical Center, 2560 Chunshen Rd., Shanghai, 201104, China.
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Oltmanns C, Bremer B, Kusche L, Stål P, Zenlander R, Tauwaldt J, Rydén I, Påhlsson P, Cornberg M, Wedemeyer H. Elevation of S2-bound α1-acid glycoprotein is associated with chronic hepatitis C virus infection and hepatocellular carcinoma. J Viral Hepat 2024; 31:383-390. [PMID: 38610115 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for new high-quality markers for the early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Åström et al. suggested that S2-bound α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) might be a promising marker. Consequently, we evaluated the predictive advantage of S2-bound AGP in the early detection of HCC. In a retrospective case-control study of patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and treated with direct-acting antiviral agents (n = 93), we measured S2-bound AGP using the HepaCheC® ELISA kit (Glycobond AB, Linköping, SE) at the start of treatment, end of treatment and follow-up (maximum: 78 months). Patients were retrospectively propensity score matched (1:2). Thirty-one patients chronically infected with HCV developed HCC after a sustained virological response, while 62 did not. In addition, samples of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and HCC of different etiologies were analysed. S2-bound AGP elevation in HCC patients was confirmed. However, we did not observe a predictive advantage of S2-bound AGP for the early detection of HCC during treatment and follow-up. Interestingly, S2-bound AGP levels correlated with aspartate aminotransferase (ρ = .56, p = 9.5×10-15) and liver elastography (ρ = .67, p = 2.2×10-16). Of note, S2-bound AGP decreased in patients chronically infected with HCV after treatment-induced HCV clearance. Fucosylated S2-bound AGP levels were elevated in patients with chronic HCV and HCC. The potential role of S2-bound AGP as a novel tumour marker requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Oltmanns
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST; EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, a joint venture between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Birgit Bremer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST; EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Laura Kusche
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Per Stål
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Upper GI Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robin Zenlander
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jan Tauwaldt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST; EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, a joint venture between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Ingvar Rydén
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Påhlsson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Markus Cornberg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST; EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, a joint venture between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST; EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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Li Q, Wang T, Wang X, Ge X, Yang T, Wang W. DDX56 promotes EMT and cancer stemness via MELK-FOXM1 axis in hepatocellular carcinoma. iScience 2024; 27:109827. [PMID: 38827395 PMCID: PMC11141150 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major global cause of death, with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cell (CSC)-like properties contributing to its metastasis. DEAD box helicase 56 (DDX56) is involved in carcinogenesis, but its role in EMT induction and stem phenotype maintenance is unclear. This study assessed the impact of DDX56 absence on HCC cell stemness and EMT. DDX56 was found to be overexpressed in HCC tissues, correlating with disease stage and prognosis. In vitro, DDX56 stimulated tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, EMT, and stemness. It also enhanced maternal embryonic leucine-zipper kinase (MELK)-mediated forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) expression, regulating cancer stemness and malignant traits. In vivo, DDX56 knockdown in tumor-bearing mice reduced tumorigenicity and lung metastasis by modulating the MELK-FOXM1 signaling pathway. Collectively, DDX56 initiates stem cell-like traits in HCC and promotes EMT via MELK-FOXM1 activation, shedding light on HCC pathogenesis and suggesting a potential anti-cancer therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ximin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - XinYu Ge
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
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Ricci A, Carradori S, Cataldi A, Zara S. Eg5 and Diseases: From the Well-Known Role in Cancer to the Less-Known Activity in Noncancerous Pathological Conditions. Biochem Res Int 2024; 2024:3649912. [PMID: 38939361 PMCID: PMC11211015 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3649912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Eg5 is a protein encoded by KIF11 gene and is primarily involved in correct mitotic cell division. It is also involved in nonmitotic processes such as polypeptide synthesis, protein transport, and angiogenesis. The scientific literature sheds light on the ubiquitous functions of KIF11 and its involvement in the onset and progression of different pathologies. This review focuses attention on two main points: (1) the correlation between Eg5 and cancer and (2) the involvement of Eg5 in noncancerous conditions. Regarding the first point, several tumors revealed an overexpression of this kinesin, thus pushing to look for new Eg5 inhibitors for clinical practice. In addition, the evaluation of Eg5 expression represents a crucial step, as its overexpression could predict a poor prognosis for cancer patients. Referring to the second point, in specific pathological conditions, the reduced activity of Eg5 can be one of the causes of pathological onset. This is the case of Alzheimer's disease (AD), in which Aβ and Tau work as Eg5 inhibitors, or in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), in which Tat-mediated Eg5 determines the loss of CD4+ T-lymphocytes. Reduced Eg5 activity, due to mutations of KIF11 gene, is also responsible for pathological conditions such as microcephaly with or without chorioretinopathy, lymphedema, or intellectual disability (MCLRI) and familial exudative vitreous retinopathy (FEVR). In conclusion, this review highlights the double impact that overexpression or loss of function of Eg5 could have in the onset and progression of different pathological situations. This emphasizes, on one hand, a possible role of Eg5 as a potential biomarker and new target in cancer and, on the other hand, the promotion of Eg5 expression/activity as a new therapeutic strategy in different noncancerous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Ricci
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Amelia Cataldi
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Susi Zara
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
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Heydari Z, Moeinvaziri F, Mirazimi SMA, Dashti F, Smirnova O, Shpichka A, Mirzaei H, Timashev P, Vosough M. Alteration in DNA methylation patterns: Epigenetic signatures in gastrointestinal cancers. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 973:176563. [PMID: 38593929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Abnormalities in epigenetic modifications can cause malignant transformations in cells, leading to cancers of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which accounts for 20% of all cancers worldwide. Among the epigenetic alterations, DNA hypomethylation is associated with genomic instability. In addition, CpG methylation and promoter hypermethylation have been recognized as biomarkers for different malignancies. In GI cancers, epigenetic alterations affect genes responsible for cell cycle control, DNA repair, apoptosis, and tumorigenic-specific signaling pathways. Understanding the pattern of alterations in DNA methylation in GI cancers could help scientists discover new molecular-based pharmaceutical treatments. This study highlights alterations in DNA methylation in GI cancers. Understanding epigenetic differences among GI cancers may improve targeted therapies and lead to the discovery of new diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Heydari
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Farideh Moeinvaziri
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Ali Mirazimi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Dashti
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Olga Smirnova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Shpichka
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Peter Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Yan Z, Li X, Li Z, Liu S, Chang H. Prognostic significance of TNFRSF4 expression and development of a pathomics model to predict expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31882. [PMID: 38841483 PMCID: PMC11152671 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background TNFRSF4 plays a significant role in cancer progression, especially in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aims to investigate the prognostic value of TNFRSF4 expression in patients with HCC and to develop a predictive pathomics model for its expression. Methods A cohort of patients with HCC retrieved from the TCGA database was analyzed using RNA-seq analysis to determine TNFRSF4 expression and its impact on overall survival (OS). Additionally, hematoxylin-eosin staining analysis was performed to construct a pathomics model for predicting TNFRSF4 expression. Then, pathway enrichment analysis was conducted, immune checkpoint markers were investigated, and immune cell infiltration was examined to explore the underlying biological mechanism of the pathomics score. Results TNFRSF4 expression was significantly higher in tumor tissues than in normal tissues. TNFRSF4 expression also exhibited significant correlations with various clinical variables, including pathologic stage III/IV and R1/R2/RX residual tumor. Furthermore, elevated TNFRSF4 expression was associated with unfavorable OS. Interestingly, in the subgroup analysis, elevated TNFRSF4 expression was identified as a significant risk factor for OS in male patients. The newly developed pathomics model successfully predicted TNFRSF4 expression with good performance and revealed a significant association between high pathomics scores and worse OS. In male patients, high pathomics scores were also associated with a higher risk of mortality. Moreover, pathomics scores were also involved in specific hallmarks, immune-related characteristics, and apoptosis-related genes in HCC, such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, Tregs, and BAX expression. Conclusions Our findings suggest that TNFRSF4 expression and the newly devised pathomics scores hold potential as prognostic markers for OS in patients with HCC. Additionally, gender influenced the association between these markers and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyong Yan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Zeyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Sinan Liu
- Department of SICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Hulin Chang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
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Abdel-Tawab MS, Fouad H, Sedeak AY, Doudar NA, Rateb EE, Faruk E, Reyad HR. Effects of mesenchymal stem cells versus curcumin on sonic hedgehog signaling in experimental model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:740. [PMID: 38874802 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09613-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) is a fundamental signaling pathway that controls tissue reconstruction, stem cell biology, and differentiation and has a role in gut tissue homeostasis and development. Dysregulation of SHH leads to the development of HCC. METHODS, AND RESULTS The present study was conducted to compare the effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and curcumin on SHH molecular targets in an experimental model of HCC in rats. One hundred rats were divided equally into the following groups: control group, HCC group, HCC group received MSCs, HCC group received curcumin, and HCC group received MSCs and curcumin. Histopathological examinations were performed, and gene expression of SHH signaling target genes (SHH, PTCH1, SMOH, and GLI1) was assessed by real-time PCR in rat liver tissue. Results showed that SHH target genes were significantly upregulated in HCC-untreated rat groups and in MSC-treated groups, with no significant difference between them. Administration of curcumin with or without combined administration of MSCs led to a significant down-regulation of SHH target genes, with no significant differences between both groups. As regards the histopathological examination of liver tissues, both curcumin and MSCs, either through separate use or their combined use, led to a significant restoration of normal liver pathology. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, SHH signaling is upregulated in the HCC experimental model. MSCs do not inhibit the upregulated SHH target genes in HCC. Curcumin use with or without MSCs administration led to a significant down-regulation of SHH signaling in HCC and a significant restoration of normal liver pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Sayed Abdel-Tawab
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Hanan Fouad
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, POB 12613, Cairo, Egypt
- Faculty of Medicine, Galala University, POB 43711, Attaka, Suez Governorate, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Yahia Sedeak
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Noha A Doudar
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Enas Ezzat Rateb
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Eman Faruk
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Hoda Ramadan Reyad
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Cao LQ, Xie Y, Fleishman JS, Liu X, Chen ZS. Hepatocellular carcinoma and lipid metabolism: Novel targets and therapeutic strategies. Cancer Lett 2024; 597:217061. [PMID: 38876384 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an increasingly prevalent disease that is associated with high and continually rising mortality rates. Lipid metabolism holds a crucial role in the pathogenesis of HCC, in which abnormalities pertaining to the delicate balance of lipid synthesis, breakdown, and storage, predispose for the pathogenesis of the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a disease precursor to HCC. If caught early enough, HCC treatment may be curative. In later stages, treatment is only halting the inevitable outcome of death, boldly prompting for novel drug discovery to provide a fighting chance for this patient population. In this review, we begin by providing a summary of current local and systemic treatments against HCC. From such we discuss hepatic lipid metabolism and highlight novel targets that are ripe for anti-cancer drug discovery. Lastly, we provide a targeted summary of current known risk factors for HCC pathogenesis, providing key insights that will be essential for rationalizing future development of anti-HCC therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Qi Cao
- Institute for Biotechnology, St. John's University, New York, NY, 11439, USA; College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Yuhao Xie
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Joshua S Fleishman
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Xuan Liu
- Shenzhen Hospital (Futian) of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518034, China.
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Institute for Biotechnology, St. John's University, New York, NY, 11439, USA; College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY, 11439, USA.
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9
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Zhang Y, Lu Y, Wang N, Yang Y, Hao F, Fei X, Chen Y, Wang J. Alternative splicing-related long noncoding RNA ANRIL facilitates hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting the miR-199a-5p/SRSF1 axis and impacting Anillin. Mol Carcinog 2024; 63:1064-1078. [PMID: 38411272 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by aberrant alternative splicing (AS), which plays an important part in the pathological process of this disease. However, available reports about genes and mechanisms involved in AS process are limited. Our previous research has identified ANRIL as a long noncoding RNA related to the AS process of HCC. Here, we investigated the exact effect and the mechanism of ANRIL on HCC progress. The ANRIL expression profile was validated using the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. The western blot analysis and IHC assay were conducted on candidate targets, including SRSF1 and Anillin. The clinicopathological features of 97 patients were collected and analyzed. Loss-of and gain-of-function experiments were conducted. The dual-luciferase reporter assay was applied to verify the interaction between ANRIL, miR-199a-5p, and SRSF1. Anomalous upregulation of ANRIL in HCC was observed, correlating with worse clinicopathological features of HCC. HCC cell proliferation, mobility, tumorigenesis, and metastasis were impaired by depleting ANRIL. We found that ANRIL acts as a sponger of miRNA-199a-5p, resulting in an elevated level of its target protein SRSF1. The phenotypes induced by ANRIL/miR-199a-5p/SRSF1 alteration are associated with Anillin, a validated HCC promoter. ANRIL is an AS-related lncRNA promoting HCC progress by modulating the miR-199a-5p/SRSF1 axis. The downstream effector of this axis in the development of HCC is Anillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiquan Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchen Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengjie Hao
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochun Fei
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjun Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Zhang HY, Zhu JJ, Liu ZM, Zhang YX, Chen JJ, Chen KD. A prognostic four-gene signature and a therapeutic strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma: Construction and analysis of a circRNA-mediated competing endogenous RNA network. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2024; 23:272-287. [PMID: 37407412 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a poor long-term prognosis. The competition of circular RNAs (circRNAs) with endogenous RNA is a novel tool for predicting HCC prognosis. Based on the alterations of circRNA regulatory networks, the analysis of gene modules related to HCC is feasible. METHODS Multiple expression datasets and RNA element targeting prediction tools were used to construct a circRNA-microRNA-mRNA network in HCC. Gene function, pathway, and protein interaction analyses were performed for the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in this regulatory network. In the protein-protein interaction network, hub genes were identified and subjected to regression analysis, producing an optimized four-gene signature for prognostic risk stratification in HCC patients. Anti-HCC drugs were excavated by assessing the DEGs between the low- and high-risk groups. A circRNA-microRNA-hub gene subnetwork was constructed, in which three hallmark genes, KIF4A, CCNA2, and PBK, were subjected to functional enrichment analysis. RESULTS A four-gene signature (KIF4A, CCNA2, PBK, and ZWINT) that effectively estimated the overall survival and aided in prognostic risk assessment in the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) cohort was developed. CDK inhibitors, PI3K inhibitors, HDAC inhibitors, and EGFR inhibitors were predicted as four potential mechanisms of drug action (MOA) in high-risk HCC patients. Subsequent analysis has revealed that PBK, CCNA2, and KIF4A play a crucial role in regulating the tumor microenvironment by promoting immune cell invasion, regulating microsatellite instability (MSI), and exerting an impact on HCC progression. CONCLUSIONS The present study highlights the role of the circRNA-related regulatory network, identifies a four-gene prognostic signature and biomarkers, and further identifies novel therapy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Zhang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jia-Jie Zhu
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Zong-Ming Liu
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Zhang
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Jia-Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Ke-Da Chen
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
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11
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Li Y, Chen Y, Zhao C, Yang Y, Zhang M, Cheng H, Li Q, Wang M. Arenobufagin modulation of PCSK9-mediated cholesterol metabolism induces tumor-associated macrophages polarisation to inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma progression. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155532. [PMID: 38493722 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor microenvironment (TME) of hepatocellular carcinoma is heterogeneous enough to be prone to drug resistance and multidrug resistance during treatment, and reprogramming of cholesterol metabolism in TME mediates tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) polarization, which has an impact on the regulation of malignant tumor progression. Arenobufagin (ARBU) was extracted and isolated from toad venom (purity ≥98 %), which is the main active ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicine Chan'su with good anti-tumor effects. PURPOSE To investigate the regulatory effect of ARBU on lipid metabolism in tumor microenvironment, interfere with macrophage polarization, and determine its mechanism of action on liver cancer progression. METHODS In this study, the inhibitory effect of ARBU on the proliferation of Hepa1-6 in C57 mice and the safety of administration were evaluated by establishing a transplanted tumor model of Hepa1-6 hepatocellular carcinoma mice and using 5-FU as a positive control drug. In addition, we constructed a co-culture system of Hepa1-6 cells and primary mouse macrophages to study the effects of ARBU on the polarization phenotypic transformation of macrophages and the proliferation and migration of hepatoma cells. The influence of ARBU on the metabolism of lipids in the hepatocellular carcinoma mouse model was investigated by combining it with lipidomics technology. The influence of ARBU on the PCSK9/LDL-R signaling pathway and macrophage polarization, which regulate cholesterol metabolism, was tested by using qRT-PCR, gene editing, IF, and WB. CONCLUSION ARBU significantly inhibited the proliferation of Hepa1-6 in vivo and in vitro, regulated cholesterol metabolism, and promoted the M1-type polarization of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. ARBU inhibits cholesterol synthesis in the TME through the PCSK9/LDL-R signaling pathway, thereby blocking macrophage M2 polarization, promoting apoptosis of the tumor cells, and inhibiting their proliferation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Li
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 103 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230038, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Oncology Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230022, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Anqing Petrochemical Hospital of Nanjing Gulou Hospital Group, Medical Oncology, Anqing City, Anhui Province 264000, China
| | - Yuting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 103 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230038, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Oncology Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230022, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 103 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230038, China
| | - Qinglin Li
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 103 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230038, China.
| | - Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 103 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230038, China.
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12
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Liu YX, Wang L, Zhang CY, Long KH, Liu J, Liu S, Wang Y, Li Y, Liu Y, Zhang H. The extract of an herbal medicine Chebulae fructus inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma by suppressing the Apelin/APJ system. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1413463. [PMID: 38881868 PMCID: PMC11177762 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1413463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been a highly common and pathological disease worldwide, while current therapeutic regimens have limitations. Chebulae Fructus, a common herbal medicine in Asia, has been documented to exert potential therapeutic effects on HCC in ancient medicine clinical practice. However, the molecular mechanism underlying its inhibitory effects on HCC requires further investigation. Methods: In this study, the anti-HCC effect of the aqueous extract of Chebulae Fructus (CFE) on human HCC and its underlying mechanism were evaluated. Assays including CCK8, EdU staining, crystal violet staining, cell clone formation, flow cytometry, wound healing, and transwell were used in vitro. The cell-derived xenograft (CDX) and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models were used in vivo. Transcriptomics analysis, qRT-PCR, ELISA, IHC staining, and Western blotting were employed to determine the mechanism of action of CFE. Results: The results demonstrate that CFE effectively suppressed the proliferation and activity of HepG2 and PLC/PRF/5 HCC cells. CFE also induced apoptosis, and suppressed the migration and invasion abilities of these cells. Furthermore, CFE exhibited inhibitory effects on tumor growth in both H22 and PLC/PRF/5 mouse models, as well as in an HCC PDX model which is derived from patient tumor samples. Moreover, it was identified that CFE treatment specifically suppressed the Apelin/APJ system in HCC cells and tumor tissues. To investigate the role of the Apelin/APJ system in mediating the effects of CFE treatment, an APJ overexpressed cell model is established. Interestingly, it was found that the overexpression of APJ significantly diminished the inhibitory effects of CFE on HCC in vitro. Discussion: Collectively, this study provides compelling evidence that CFE exerts significant anti-HCC effects in cell and animal models. Moreover, our findings suggest that the Apelin/APJ system may play a vital role in the therapeutic effects of CFE against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xi Liu
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Xi'an, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Middle Section of Century Avenue, Xianyang, China
| | | | - Kai-Hua Long
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Xi'an, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Xi'an, China
| | - Ye Li
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Xi'an, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Middle Section of Century Avenue, Xianyang, China
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13
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Li G, Guo F, Liang J, Wan B, Liang J, Zhou Z. Sandwich-type supersensitive electrochemical aptasensor of glypican-3 based on PrGO-Hemin-PdNP and AuNP@PoPD. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:340. [PMID: 38787447 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06419-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
A new sandwich-type electrochemical biosensing platform was developed by gold @polyphthalenediamine nanohybrids (AuNP@PoPD) as the sensing platform and phosphorus doped reduced graphene oxide-hemin-palladium nanoparticles (PrGO-Hemin-PdNP) as the signal amplifier for phosphatidylinositol proteoglycan 3 (GPC3). AuNP@PoPD, co-electrodeposited into the screen printed electrode with high conductivity and stability, is dedicated to assembling the primary GPC3 aptamer (GPC3Apt). The second GPC3Apt immobilized on the high conductivity and large surface area of PrGO-Hemin-PdNP was utilized as an electrochemical signal reporter by hemin oxidation (PrGO-Hemin-PdNP-GPC3Apt). In the range 0.001-10.0 ng/mL, the hemin oxidation current signal of the electrochemical aptasensor increased log-linearly with the concentration of GPC3, the lowest detection limit was 0.13 pg/mL, and the sensitivity was 2.073 μA/μM/cm2. The aptasensor exhibited good sensing performance in a human serum sample with the relative error of 4.31-8.07%. The sandwich sensor showed good selectivity and stability for detection GPC3 in human serum samples, providing a new efficient and sensitive method for detecting HCC markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyin Li
- College of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Guandu Road, Maoming, Guangdong, 525000, People's Republic of China
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Guo
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianlu Liang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingbing Wan
- College of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Guandu Road, Maoming, Guangdong, 525000, People's Republic of China
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jintao Liang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhide Zhou
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, People's Republic of China.
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14
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FENG KUN, PENG HAO, LV QINGPENG, ZHANG YEWEI. PHLDA2 reshapes the immune microenvironment and induces drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Res 2024; 32:1063-1078. [PMID: 38827322 PMCID: PMC11136693 DOI: 10.32604/or.2024.047078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignancy known for its unfavorable prognosis. The dysregulation of the tumor microenvironment (TME) can affect the sensitivity to immunotherapy or chemotherapy, leading to treatment failure. The elucidation of PHLDA2's involvement in HCC is imperative, and the clinical value of PHLDA2 is also underestimated. Here, bioinformatics analysis was performed in multiple cohorts to explore the phenotype and mechanism through which PHLDA2 may affect the progression of HCC. Then, the expression and function of PHLDA2 were examined via the qRT-PCR, Western Blot, and MTT assays. Our findings indicate a substantial upregulation of PHLDA2 in HCC, correlated with a poorer prognosis. The methylation levels of PHLDA2 were found to be lower in HCC tissues compared to normal liver tissues. Besides, noteworthy associations were observed between PHLDA2 expression and immune infiltration in HCC. In addition, PHLDA2 upregulation is closely associated with stemness features and immunotherapy or chemotherapy resistance in HCC. In vitro experiments showed that sorafenib or cisplatin significantly up-regulated PHLDA2 mRNA levels, and PHLDA2 knockdown markedly decreased the sensitivity of HCC cells to chemotherapy drugs. Meanwhile, we found that TGF-β induced the expression of PHLDA2 in vitro. The GSEA and in vitro experiment indicated that PHLDA2 may promote the HCC progression via activating the AKT signaling pathway. Our study revealed the novel role of PHLDA2 as an independent prognostic factor, which plays an essential role in TME remodeling and treatment resistance in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- KUN FENG
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - HAO PENG
- Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - QINGPENG LV
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - YEWEI ZHANG
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
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15
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Sun H, Liu N, Lou J. Diagnostic value of serum STIP1 in HCC and AFP-negative HCC. Lab Med 2024:lmae033. [PMID: 38780206 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmae033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of stress-induced phosphoprotein 1 (STIP1) in serum for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-negative HCC (ANHC). METHODS In this study, serum samples were collected from 158 HCC patients and 63 non-HCC patients. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors associated with HCC and ANHC. The diagnostic values of each index for HCC and ANHC were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS The STIP1, des-γ-carboxy prothrombin (DCP), and AFP levels were higher in the HCC groups than in the non-HCC groups (P < .05). Age, DCP, STIP1, and hepatitis B virus infection were independent predictors of HCC (P < .05). The diagnostic value of STIP1 for HCC was higher than that of DCP. Additionally, age, STIP1, and hepatitis B virus infection were independent predictors for ANHC patients. The ROC curve exhibited an area under the curve value of 0.919 for STIP1, with a diagnostic cutoff value of 68.5 U/mL. Moreover, 36 ANHC patients and 19 AFP-negative non-HCC patients were included to validate the diagnostic model. A total of 20 patients had STIP1 levels greater than 68.5 U/mL, resulting in diagnostic accuracy of 67.3%, sensitivity of 55.6%, and specificity of 89.5%. CONCLUSION STIP1 demonstrates excellent diagnostic value for HCC and ANHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinli Lou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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16
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Yin X, Rong J, Shao M, Zhang S, Yin L, He Z, Wang X. Aptamer-functionalized nanomaterials (AFNs) for therapeutic management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:243. [PMID: 38735927 PMCID: PMC11089756 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02486-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents one of the deadliest cancers globally, making the search for more effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches particularly crucial. Aptamer-functionalized nanomaterials (AFNs), an innovative nanotechnology, have paved new pathways for the targeted diagnosis and treatment of HCC. Initially, we outline the epidemiological background of HCC and the current therapeutic challenges. Subsequently, we explore in detail how AFNs enhance diagnostic and therapeutic efficiency and reduce side effects through the specific targeting of HCC cells and the optimization of drug delivery. Furthermore, we address the challenges faced by AFNs in clinical applications and future research directions, with a particular focus on enhancing their biocompatibility and assessing long-term effects. In summary, AFNs represent an avant-garde therapeutic approach, opening new avenues and possibilities for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Yin
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Rong
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Min Shao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Saisai Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Likang Yin
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Zhenqiang He
- Clinical Medical College, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.
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Gong Y, Zhou M, Zhu Y, Pan J, Zhou X, Jiang Y, Zeng H, Zheng H, Geng X, Huang D. PVALB Was Identified as an Independent Prognostic Factor for HCC Closely Related to Immunity, and Its Absence Accelerates Tumor Progression by Regulating NK Cell Infiltration. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2024; 11:813-838. [PMID: 38737383 PMCID: PMC11088852 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s450479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary liver cancer, with poor prognosis. Complex immune microenvironment of the liver is linked to the development of HCC. PVALB is a calcium-binding protein which has been described as a cancer suppressor gene in thyroid cancer and glioma. Nevertheless, the role of PVALB in HCC is unknown. Materials and Methods We obtained data from TCGA and GSE54236 datasets. MCP-counter, WGCNA and LASSO model were applied to identify PVALB. With UALCAN, MethSurv, and other websites, we probed the expression, methylation and survival of PVALB. LinkedOmics and GSEA were adopted for functional analysis, while TIMER, TISIDB, Kaplan-Meier plotter, TIDE databases were utilized to evaluate the relevance of PVALB to the tumor immune microenvironment and predict immunotherapy efficacy. TargetScan, DIANA, LncRNASNP2 databases and relevant experiments were employed to construct ceRNA network. Finally, molecular docking and drug sensitivity of PVALB were characterized by GeneMANIA, CTD, and so on. Results PVALB was recognized as a gene associated with HCC and NK cell. Its expression was down-regulated in HCC tissue, which lead to adverse prognosis. Besides, the hypomethylation of PVALB was related to its reduced expression. Notably, PVALB was tightly linked to immune, and its reduced expression attenuated the anticancer effect of NK cells via the Fas/FasL pathway, leading to a adverse outcome. The lnc-YY1AP1-3/hsa-miR-6735-5p/PVALB axis may regulate the PVALB expression. Finally, we found immunotherapy might be a viable treatment option. Conclusion In a word, PVALB is a prognostic indicator, whose low expression facilitates HCC progression by impacting NK cell infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Gong
- Department of Thyroid Surgery; Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minqin Zhou
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanting Zhu
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingying Pan
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuanrui Zhou
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yike Jiang
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Zeng
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xitong Geng
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Da Huang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery; Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
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Younis MA, Harashima H. Understanding Gene Involvement in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Implications for Gene Therapy and Personalized Medicine. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2024; 17:193-213. [PMID: 38737776 PMCID: PMC11088404 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s431346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the dominant type of liver cancers and is one of the deadliest health threats globally. The conventional therapeutic options for HCC are hampered by low efficiency and intolerable side effects. Gene therapy, however, now offers hope for the treatment of many disorders previously considered incurable, and gene therapy is beginning to address many of the shortcomings of conventional therapies. Herein, we summarize the involvement of genes in the pathogenesis and prognosis of HCC, with a special focus on dysregulated signaling pathways, genes involved in immune evasion, and non-coding RNAs as novel two-edged players, which collectively offer potential targets for the gene therapy of HCC. Herein, the opportunities and challenges of HCC gene therapy are discussed. These include innovative therapies such as genome editing and cell therapies. Moreover, advanced gene delivery technologies that recruit nanomedicines for use in gene therapy for HCC are highlighted. Finally, suggestions are offered for improved clinical translation and future directions in this area of endeavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Younis
- Laboratory of Innovative Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Hideyoshi Harashima
- Laboratory of Innovative Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
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Basthi Mohan P, Lochan R, Shetty S. Biomarker in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Indian J Surg Oncol 2024; 15:261-268. [PMID: 38817995 PMCID: PMC11133295 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-023-01858-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most prevalent types of cancer and a major contributor to the socioeconomic burden worldwide. The pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is contributed by various etiological factors like virus infection, excessive alcohol consumption, exposure to toxins, or metabolic disorders. Majority of patients are diagnosed with late-stage HCC, which restricts its management to only palliative care. HCC, if diagnosed early, increases the survival and quality of life. Currently available biomarker (alpha-fetoproteins) have several limitations, that impede the early diagnosis and staging of cancer. This warrants the continous search in pursuit of a novel biomarker. Several research works in diverse areas have contributed to the identification of various novel biomarkers that have shown multifaceted application in early disease diagnosis, which further aid in targeted and effective therapy that can prevent cancer progression. This improves the overall health status of the patient along with significant reduction in caretaker's burden. With the aid of novel technologies, several biomarkers have been investigated and validated in mutliple preliminary research works. Therefore in this review, we have outlined various novel biomarkers that showed promising outcomes in their trials and we have highlighted the developing areas that act as game changers in cancer diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Basthi Mohan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104 Karnataka India
| | - Rajiv Lochan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104 Karnataka India
- Lead Consultant Surgeon - HPB and Liver transplantation Surgery, Manipal Hospital, Bengaluru, 560017 Karnataka India
| | - Shiran Shetty
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104 Karnataka India
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Hong JY, Park SY, Park YL, You GR, Yoon JH, Joo YE, Choi SK, Cho SB. Impact of Prospero Homeobox-1 (PROX-1) οn the Oncogenic Phenotypes of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2024; 21:295-304. [PMID: 38670585 PMCID: PMC11059600 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Transcriptional factor prospero homeobox-1 (PROX-1) is crucial for the embryonic development of various organs and cell fate specification. It exhibits either an oncogenic or tumor suppressive activity depending on cancer types. However, the relationship between PROX-1 and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains obscure. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of PROX-1 on the invasive and oncogenic phenotypes of human HCC cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of PROX-1 on tumor cell behavior was investigated by using a pcDNA-myc vector and a small interfering RNA in HepG2 and Huh7 human HCC cell lines. Flow cytometry, migration, invasion, proliferation, and tube formation assays were performed. PROX-1 expression in human HCC cells was explored by western blotting. RESULTS PROX-1 overexpression enhanced tumor cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by modulating the activities of caspase-3, PARP, and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, including p21, p27, and p57 in HCC cells. After PROX-1 overexpression, the number of migrating and invading HCC cells significantly increased, and the expression levels of N-cadherin and Snail increased in HCC cells. PROX-1 overexpression enhanced angiogenesis through increased VEGF-A and VEGF-C expression and decreased angiostatin expression. PROX-1 overexpression also increased the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) in HCC cells. After PROX-1 knockdown, their phosphorylation was reversed. CONCLUSION PROX-1 overexpression is associated with the invasive and oncogenic phenotypes of human HCC cells via GSK-3β and FOXO1 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yun Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Lan Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga-Ram You
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Eun Joo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kyu Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Bum Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Zheng S, Chan SW, Liu F, Liu J, Chow PKH, Toh HC, Hong W. Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Drug Therapeutic Status, Advances and Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1582. [PMID: 38672664 PMCID: PMC11048862 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of liver cancer, accounting for ~90% of liver neoplasms. It is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths and the seventh most common cancer worldwide. Although there have been rapid developments in the treatment of HCC over the past decade, the incidence and mortality rates of HCC remain a challenge. With the widespread use of the hepatitis B vaccine and antiviral therapy, the etiology of HCC is shifting more toward metabolic-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Early-stage HCC can be treated with potentially curative strategies such as surgical resection, liver transplantation, and radiofrequency ablation, improving long-term survival. However, most HCC patients, when diagnosed, are already in the intermediate or advanced stages. Molecular targeted therapy, followed by immune checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy, has been a revolution in HCC systemic treatment. Systemic treatment of HCC especially for patients with compromised liver function is still a challenge due to a significant resistance to immune checkpoint blockade, tumor heterogeneity, lack of oncogenic addiction, and lack of effective predictive and therapeutic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunzhen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan 250098, China;
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore; (S.W.C.); (W.H.)
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China;
| | - Siew Wee Chan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore; (S.W.C.); (W.H.)
| | - Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan 250098, China;
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China;
| | - Pierce Kah Hoe Chow
- Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore;
- Academic Clinical Programme for Surgery, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Han Chong Toh
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 168583, Singapore;
| | - Wanjin Hong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore; (S.W.C.); (W.H.)
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22
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Peng Z, Zhu ZR, He CY, Huang H. A meta-analysis: laparoscopic versus open liver resection for large hepatocellular carcinoma. MINIM INVASIV THER 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38634257 DOI: 10.1080/13645706.2024.2334762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The indication of laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) for treating large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is controversial. In this study, we compared the short-term and long-term outcomes of LLR and open liver resection (OLR) for large HCC. MATERIAL AND METHODS We searched eligible articles about LLR versus OLR for large HCC in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE and performed a meta-analysis. RESULTS Eight publications involving 1,338 patients were included. Among them, 495 underwent LLR and 843 underwent OLR. The operation time was longer in the LLR group (MD: 22.23, 95% CI: 4.14-40.33, p = 0.02). but the postoperative hospital stay time was significantly shorter (MD : -4.88, CI: -5.55 to -4.23, p < 0.00001), and the incidence of total postoperative complications and major complications were significantly fewer (OR: 0.49, 95% CI:0.37-0.66, p < 0.00001; OR: 0.54, 95% CI:0.36 - 0.82, p = 0.003, respectively). Patients in the laparoscopic group had no significant difference in intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative transfusion rate, resection margin size, R0 resection rate, three-year overall survival (OS) and three-year disease-free survival (DFS). CONCLUSION LLR for large HCC is safe and feasible. This surgical strategy will not affect the long-term outcomes of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zha Peng
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Wuming Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Zhuang-Rong Zhu
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Wuming Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Cheng-Yi He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Wuming Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Wuming Hospital, Nanning, China
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23
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Jabri A, Khan J, Taftafa B, Alsharif M, Mhannayeh A, Chinnappan R, Alzhrani A, Kazmi S, Mir MS, Alsaud AW, Yaqinuddin A, Assiri AM, AlKattan K, Vashist YK, Broering DC, Mir TA. Bioengineered Organoids Offer New Possibilities for Liver Cancer Studies: A Review of Key Milestones and Challenges. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:346. [PMID: 38671768 PMCID: PMC11048289 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11040346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatic cancer is widely regarded as the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Despite recent advances in treatment options, the prognosis of liver cancer remains poor. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop more representative in vitro models of liver cancer for pathophysiology and drug screening studies. Fortunately, an exciting new development for generating liver models in recent years has been the advent of organoid technology. Organoid models hold huge potential as an in vitro research tool because they can recapitulate the spatial architecture of primary liver cancers and maintain the molecular and functional variations of the native tissue counterparts during long-term culture in vitro. This review provides a comprehensive overview and discussion of the establishment and application of liver organoid models in vitro. Bioengineering strategies used to construct organoid models are also discussed. In addition, the clinical potential and other relevant applications of liver organoid models in different functional states are explored. In the end, this review discusses current limitations and future prospects to encourage further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Jabri
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia (R.C.); (A.W.A.); (K.A.)
| | - Jibran Khan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia (R.C.); (A.W.A.); (K.A.)
| | - Bader Taftafa
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia (R.C.); (A.W.A.); (K.A.)
| | - Mohamed Alsharif
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia (R.C.); (A.W.A.); (K.A.)
| | - Abdulaziz Mhannayeh
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia (R.C.); (A.W.A.); (K.A.)
| | - Raja Chinnappan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia (R.C.); (A.W.A.); (K.A.)
- Tissue/Organ Bioengineering and BioMEMS Lab, Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence (TR&I Dpt), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Alzhrani
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia (R.C.); (A.W.A.); (K.A.)
- Tissue/Organ Bioengineering and BioMEMS Lab, Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence (TR&I Dpt), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shadab Kazmi
- Tissue/Organ Bioengineering and BioMEMS Lab, Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence (TR&I Dpt), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
- Pathology and laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mohammad Shabab Mir
- School of Pharmacy, Desh Bhagat University, Mandi Gobindgarh 147301, Punjab, India;
| | - Aljohara Waleed Alsaud
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia (R.C.); (A.W.A.); (K.A.)
| | - Ahmed Yaqinuddin
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia (R.C.); (A.W.A.); (K.A.)
| | - Abdullah M. Assiri
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia (R.C.); (A.W.A.); (K.A.)
- Tissue/Organ Bioengineering and BioMEMS Lab, Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence (TR&I Dpt), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled AlKattan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia (R.C.); (A.W.A.); (K.A.)
- Tissue/Organ Bioengineering and BioMEMS Lab, Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence (TR&I Dpt), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yogesh K. Vashist
- Tissue/Organ Bioengineering and BioMEMS Lab, Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence (TR&I Dpt), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dieter C. Broering
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia (R.C.); (A.W.A.); (K.A.)
- Tissue/Organ Bioengineering and BioMEMS Lab, Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence (TR&I Dpt), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanveer Ahmad Mir
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia (R.C.); (A.W.A.); (K.A.)
- Tissue/Organ Bioengineering and BioMEMS Lab, Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence (TR&I Dpt), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
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Nan Y, Garay OU, Lu X, Zhang Y, Xie L, Niu Z, Chen W. Early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma screening in patients with chronic hepatitis B in China: a cost-effectiveness analysis. J Comp Eff Res 2024; 13:e230146. [PMID: 38415341 PMCID: PMC11044951 DOI: 10.57264/cer-2023-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of seven screening strategies for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients in China. Methods: A discrete event simulation model combining a decision tree and Markov structure was developed to simulate a CHB cohort aged ≥40 years on a lifetime horizon and evaluate the costs and health outcomes (quality-adjusted life years [QALYs] gained) of ultrasonography (US), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), protein induced by vitamin K absence-II (PIVKA-II), AFP+US, AFP+PIVKA-II, GAAD (a diagnostic algorithm based on gender and age combined with results of AFP and PIVKA-II) and GAAD+US. Epidemiologic, clinical performance, utility and cost data were obtained from the literature, expert interviews and real-world data. Uncertainties on key parameters were explored through deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses (DSA and PSA). Results: Compared with other strategies, GAAD+US detected the most HCC patients at early stage, and GAAD was the screening strategy with the lowest average cost per HCC case diagnosed. Using 3× China's 2022 GDP per capita ($38,233.34) as the threshold, the three strategies of US, GAAD and GAAD+US formed a cost-effectiveness frontier. Screening with US, GAAD, or GAAD+US was associated with costs of $6110.46, $7622.05 and $8636.32, and QALYs of 13.18, 13.48 and 13.52, respectively. The ICER of GAAD over US was $4993.39/QALY and the ICER of GAAD+US over GAAD was $26,691.45/QALY, which was less than 3× GDP per capita. Both DSA and PSA proved the stability of the results. Conclusion: GAAD+US was the most cost-effective strategy for early HCC diagnosis among CHB patients which could be considered as the liver cancer screening scheme for the high-risk population in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuemin Nan
- Department of Traditional & Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | | | - Xianzhong Lu
- Roche Diagnostics (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200335, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Roche Diagnostics (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200335, China
| | - Li Xie
- Yidu Cloud (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhongyi Niu
- Yidu Cloud (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wen Chen
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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25
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Angeli-Pahim I, Chambers A, Duarte S, Soma D, Beduschi T, Sahin I, Hughes S, Zarrinpar A. Methylated ctDNA Quantification: Noninvasive Approach to Monitoring Hepatocellular Carcinoma Burden. J Am Coll Surg 2024; 238:770-778. [PMID: 38146818 DOI: 10.1097/xcs.0000000000000939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noninvasive, precision monitoring of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment efficacy would greatly facilitate personalized therapy and improve patient outcomes. We hypothesize that quantifying methylated circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) can be used to effectively monitor HCC burden without the need for biopsy. STUDY DESIGN Blood samples were collected from 25 patients, 21 with HCC and 4 with benign liver masses, at various timepoints throughout the course of treatment at a high-volume academic medical center. Quantification of methylated ctDNA molecules assessed CpG sites on more than 550 preselected cancer-specific amplicons. The tumor methylation score (TMS) was calculated by measuring the difference between the amount of methylation in the plasma and buffy coat with a normal cutoff value of 120 or less. RESULTS Among 10 patients with surgical HCC (5 surgical resections and 5 liver transplants), TMS revealed a statistically significant, rapid postoperative decline in 9. One patient who had a persistently elevated TMS on postoperative day 1 was subsequently found to have had metastatic disease. Patients in the negative control cohort all had normal-range pre- and postoperative TMS. Preoperative TMS correlated moderately with tumor burden on pathology (Spearman r = 0.54) of surgical specimens. From 11 subjects undergoing systemic therapy or Y90 radioembolization, analysis of 16 time periods demonstrated that the change in TMS (ΔTMS) was better associated with tumor progression than the change in Δalpha-fetoprotein (area under the curve 0.800 and 0.783, respectively). A composite score combining ΔTMS and Δalpha-fetoprotein further improved performance for detecting tumor progression with an area under the curve of 0.892. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that ctDNA methylation scores can effectively evaluate changes in tumor burden without the need for tumor biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Angeli-Pahim
- From the Departments of Surgery (Angeli-Pahim, Chambers, Duarte, Soma, Beduschi, Hughes, Zarrinpar)
| | - Anastasia Chambers
- From the Departments of Surgery (Angeli-Pahim, Chambers, Duarte, Soma, Beduschi, Hughes, Zarrinpar)
| | - Sergio Duarte
- From the Departments of Surgery (Angeli-Pahim, Chambers, Duarte, Soma, Beduschi, Hughes, Zarrinpar)
| | - Daiki Soma
- From the Departments of Surgery (Angeli-Pahim, Chambers, Duarte, Soma, Beduschi, Hughes, Zarrinpar)
| | - Thiago Beduschi
- From the Departments of Surgery (Angeli-Pahim, Chambers, Duarte, Soma, Beduschi, Hughes, Zarrinpar)
| | - Ilyas Sahin
- Medicine (Sahin), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Steven Hughes
- From the Departments of Surgery (Angeli-Pahim, Chambers, Duarte, Soma, Beduschi, Hughes, Zarrinpar)
| | - Ali Zarrinpar
- From the Departments of Surgery (Angeli-Pahim, Chambers, Duarte, Soma, Beduschi, Hughes, Zarrinpar)
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26
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Cao JL, Li SM, Tang YJ, Hou WS, Wang AQ, Li TZ, Jin CH. Network pharmacology analysis and experimental verification of the antitumor effect and molecular mechanism of isocryptomerin on HepG2 cells. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22165. [PMID: 38400652 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Isocryptomerin (ISO) is a flavonoid isolated from the natural medicine Selaginellae Herba, which has various pharmacological activities. This study investigated the antitumor effect and underlying molecular mechanism of ISO on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) HepG2 cells. The cell viability assay revealed that ISO has a considerable killing effect on HCC cell lines. The apoptosis assay showed that ISO induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis through the Bad/cyto-c/cleaved (cle)-caspase-3/cleaved (cle)-PARP pathway. The network pharmacological analysis found 13 key target genes, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), AKT, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling pathways were strongly associated with ISO against HCC. Further verification of the results showed that ISO induced apoptosis by increasing p-p38 and p-JNK expression and decreasing p-EGFR, p-SRC, p-ERK, and p-STAT3 expression. Furthermore, ISO induced G0/G1 phase arrest by downregulating p-AKT, Cyclin D, and CDK 4 expression and upregulating p21 and p27 expression in HepG2 cells. Moreover, ISO inhibited HepG2 cell migration by decreasing p-GSK-3β, β-catenin, and N-cadherin expression and increasing E-cadherin expression. Additionally, ISO promoted ROS accumulation in HepG2 cells, and ISO-induced apoptosis, arrest cell cycle, and inhibition of migration were reversed by an ROS scavenger, N-acetyl- l-cysteine. Overall, ISO induced cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest and inhibited cell migration by ROS-mediated EGFR, AKT, and MAPK signaling pathways in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Long Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Shu-Mei Li
- Hemodialysis Center, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Yan-Jun Tang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Wen-Shuang Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - An-Qi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Tian-Zhu Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Cheng-Hao Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing, China
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27
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Okazaki S, Shibuya K, Shiba S, Takura T, Ohno T. Cost-Effectiveness Comparison of Carbon-Ion Radiation Therapy and Transarterial Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Adv Radiat Oncol 2024; 9:101441. [PMID: 38778825 PMCID: PMC11110039 DOI: 10.1016/j.adro.2024.101441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Carbon-ion radiation therapy (CIRT) is a treatment option for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that results in better outcomes with fewer side effects despite its high cost. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of CIRT for HCC from medical and economic perspectives by comparing CIRT and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with localized HCC who were ineligible for surgery or radiofrequency ablation. Methods and Materials This study included 34 patients with HCC who underwent either CIRT or TACE at Gunma University between 2007 and 2016. Patient characteristics were employed to select each treatment group using the propensity score matching method. Life years were used as the outcome indicator. The CIRT technical fee was ¥3,140,000; however, a second CIRT treatment on the same organ within 2 years was performed for free. Results Our study showed that CIRT was dominant over TACE, as the CIRT group had a higher life year (point estimate, 2.75 vs 2.41) and lower total cost (mean, ¥4,974,278 vs ¥5,284,524). We conducted a sensitivity analysis to validate the results because of the higher variance in medical costs in the TACE group, which demonstrated that CIRT maintained its cost effectiveness with a high acceptability rate. Conclusions CIRT is a cost-effective treatment option for localized HCC cases unsuitable for surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Okazaki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
- Department of Radiology, Gunma Prefectural Cancer Center, Ota, Japan
| | - Kei Shibuya
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Shintaro Shiba
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Takura
- Department of Health Care Services Management, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Healthcare Economics and Health Policy, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ohno
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Japan
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28
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Wang Y, Sun X, Chen C, Ge H, Sun J, Li E, Cai Z, Fu Q, Sun X, Wu J, Ye M, Cao W, Chen Q, Wei X, Han X, Sun K, Yan Q, Huang W, Wu L, Zeng Y, Zhang Q, Liang T. Optimizing hepatocellular carcinoma disease staging systems by incorporating tumor micronecrosis: A multi-institutional retrospective study. Cancer Lett 2024; 585:216654. [PMID: 38272344 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Tumor micronecrosis is a pathological feature that reflects malignant biological behavior in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, whether micronecrosis can optimize HCC staging systems remains unilluminated. A total of 1632 HCC patients who underwent curative hepatectomy in four institutions from January 2014 to December 2021 were enrolled in this study. Independent prognostic factors were identified, and optimized staging models were established using a training cohort (n = 934). The performance of optimized staging models was validated using an external cohort consisting of cases from three other institutions (n = 232). In addition, patients from our prospectively collected database (n = 379) tested the application effectiveness of the models. Harrel's c-statistics and the corrected Akaike information criterion (AICc) were used to assess the performance of staging models. In most of Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) and tumor (T) stages, HCC patients with tumor micronecrosis showed poorer prognosis than those without. Tumor micronecrosis, microvascular invasion, multiple tumors and tumor size >2 cm were independent prognostic-related factors. The BCLC and T staging models incorporating tumor micronecrosis showed better performance than the original systems (c-statistic, 0.712 and 0.711 vs. 0.664 and 0.679; AICc, 2314.8 and 2322.3 vs. 2338.2 and 2338.1; respectively). Furthermore, the external validation cohort confirmed that the optimized staging models had improved efficiency compared with the original ones. Moreover, the prospective cohort demonstrated the applicability of the optimized staging systems. Tumor micronecrosis plays a stage-ascending role in HCC patients. The BCLC and T staging systems incorporating tumor micronecrosis can improve the prognosis stratification efficiency of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xu Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Cao Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongbin Ge
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juhui Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Ningbo Fourth Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Enliang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhixiong Cai
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qihan Fu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuqi Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiangchao Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mao Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wanyue Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qitai Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobao Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Sun
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Wenyong Huang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Linquan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yongyi Zeng
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
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Zhou Y, Wu W, Cai W, Zhang D, Zhang W, Luo Y, Cai F, Shi Z. Prognostic prediction using a gene signature developed based on exhausted T cells for liver cancer patients. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28156. [PMID: 38533068 PMCID: PMC10963654 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) is a solid primary malignancy with poor prognosis. This study discovered key prognostic genes based on T cell exhaustion and used them to develop a prognostic prediction model for LIHC. Methods SingleR's annotations combined with Seurat was used to automatically annotate the single-cell clustering results of the LIHC dataset GSE166635 downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and to identify clusters related to exhausted T cells. Patients were classified using ConsensusClusterPlus package. Next, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) package was employed to distinguish key gene module, based on which least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) and multi/univariate cox analysis were performed to construct a RiskScore system. Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) were employed to evaluate the efficacy of the model. To further optimize the risk model, a nomogram capable of predicting immune infiltration and immunotherapy sensitivity in different risk groups was developed. Expressions of genes were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and immunofluorescence and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) were performed for analyzing cell functions. Results We obtained 18,413 cells and clustered them into 7 immune and non-immune cell subpopulations. Based on highly variable genes among T cell exhaustion clusters, 3 molecular subtypes (C1, C2 and C3) of LIHC were defined, with C3 subtype showing the highest score of exhausted T cells and a poor prognosis. The Lasso and multivariate cox analysis selected 7 risk genes from the green module, which were closely associated with the C3 subtype. All the patients were divided into low- and high-risk groups based on the medium value of RiskScore, and we found that high-risk patients had higher immune infiltration and immune escape and poorer prognosis. The nomogram exhibited a strong performance for predicting long-term LIHC prognosis. In vitro experiments revealed that the 7 risk genes all had a higher expression in HCC cells, and that both liver HCC cell numbers and cell viability were reduced by knocking down MMP-9. Conclusion We developed a RiskScore model for predicting LIHC prognosis based on the scRNA-seq and RNA-seq data. The RiskScore as an independent prognostic factor could improve the clinical treatment for LIHC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Department of Infectious, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Wanrui Wu
- Department of Vasointerventional, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Infectious, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Infectious, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Infectious, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Yunling Luo
- Department of Infectious, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Fujing Cai
- Department of Infectious, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Zhenjing Shi
- Department of Vasointerventional, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
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Li H, Ma YP, Wang HL, Tian CJ, Guo YX, Zhang HB, Liu XM, Liu PF. Establishment of a prognosis predictive model for liver cancer based on expression of genes involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. World J Clin Oncol 2024; 15:434-446. [PMID: 38576590 PMCID: PMC10989257 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v15.i3.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) has been proven to play important roles in cancer. AIM To investigate the prognostic significance of genes involved in the UPP and develop a predictive model for liver cancer based on the expression of these genes. METHODS In this study, UPP-related E1, E2, E3, deubiquitylating enzyme, and proteasome gene sets were obtained from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database, aiming to screen the prognostic genes using univariate and multivariate regression analysis and develop a prognosis predictive model based on the Cancer Genome Atlas liver cancer cases. RESULTS Five genes (including autophagy related 10, proteasome 20S subunit alpha 8, proteasome 20S subunit beta 2, ubiquitin specific peptidase 17 like family member 2, and ubiquitin specific peptidase 8) were proven significantly correlated with prognosis and used to develop a prognosis predictive model for liver cancer. Among training, validation, and Gene Expression Omnibus sets, the overall survival differed significantly between the high-risk and low-risk groups. The expression of the five genes was significantly associated with immunocyte infiltration, tumor stage, and postoperative recurrence. A total of 111 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the high-risk and low-risk groups and they were enriched in 20 and 5 gene ontology and KEGG pathways. Cell division cycle 20, Kelch repeat and BTB domain containing 11, and DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 4 like 2 were the DEGs in the E3 gene set that correlated with survival. CONCLUSION We have constructed a prognosis predictive model in patients with liver cancer, which contains five genes that associate with immunocyte infiltration, tumor stage, and postoperative recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- Department of Endoscopy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yi-Po Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Dingzhou City People’s Hospital, Dingzhou 073000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hai-Long Wang
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300120, China
| | - Cai-Juan Tian
- Tianjin Marvel Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Marvelbio Technology Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300180, China
| | - Yi-Xian Guo
- Department of Intelligent Technology, Tianjin Yunquan Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Hong-Bo Zhang
- Tianjin Marvel Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Marvelbio Technology Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300180, China
| | - Xiao-Min Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Peng-Fei Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300120, China
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Jia J, Zhou X, Chu Q. Mechanisms and therapeutic prospect of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway in liver cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-04983-5. [PMID: 38519710 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-04983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Liver cancer (LC) poses a significant global health challenge due to its high incidence and poor prognosis. Current systemic treatment options, such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiofrequency ablation, and immunotherapy, have shown limited effectiveness for advanced LC patients. Moreover, owing to the heterogeneous nature of LC, it is crucial to uncover more in-depth pathogenic mechanisms and develop effective treatments to address the limitations of the existing therapeutic modalities. Increasing evidence has revealed the crucial role of the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway in the pathogenesis of LC. The specific mechanisms driving the JAK-STAT pathway activation in LC, participate in a variety of malignant biological processes, including cell differentiation, evasion, anti-apoptosis, immune escape, and treatment resistance. Both preclinical and clinical investigations on the JAK-STAT pathway inhibitors have exhibited potential in LC treatment, thereby opening up avenues for the development of more targeted therapeutic strategies for LC. In this study, we provide an overview of the JAK-STAT pathway, delving into the composition, activation, and dynamic interplay within the pathway. Additionally, we focus on the molecular mechanisms driving the aberrant activation of the JAK-STAT pathway in LC. Furthermore, we summarize the latest advancements in targeting the JAK-STAT pathway for LC treatment. The insights presented in this review aim to underscore the necessity of research into the JAK-STAT signaling pathway as a promising avenue for LC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- JunJun Jia
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xuelian Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Qingfei Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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ZHANG LU, CHU JINGUO, YU YUSHAN. Developing risk models and subtypes of autophagy-associated LncRNAs for enhanced prognostic prediction and precision in therapeutic approaches for liver cancer patients. Oncol Res 2024; 32:703-716. [PMID: 38560571 PMCID: PMC10972734 DOI: 10.32604/or.2023.030988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Limited research has been conducted on the influence of autophagy-associated long non-coding RNAs (ARLncRNAs) on the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods We analyzed 371 HCC samples from TCGA, identifying expression networks of ARLncRNAs using autophagy-related genes. Screening for prognostically relevant ARLncRNAs involved univariate Cox regression, Lasso regression, and multivariate Cox regression. A Nomogram was further employed to assess the reliability of Riskscore, calculated from the signatures of screened ARLncRNAs, in predicting outcomes. Additionally, we compared drug sensitivities in patient groups with differing risk levels and investigated potential biological pathways through enrichment analysis, using consensus clustering to identify subgroups related to ARLncRNAs. Results The screening process identified 27 ARLncRNAs, with 13 being associated with HCC prognosis. Consequently, a set of signatures comprising 8 ARLncRNAs was successfully constructed as independent prognostic factors for HCC. Patients in the high-risk group showed very poor prognoses in most clinical categories. The Riskscore was closely related to immune cell scores, such as macrophages, and the DEGs between different groups were implicated in metabolism, cell cycle, and mitotic processes. Notably, high-risk group patients demonstrated a significantly lower IC50 for Paclitaxel, suggesting that Paclitaxel could be an ideal treatment for those at elevated risk for HCC. We further identified C2 as the Paclitaxel subtype, where patients exhibited higher Riskscores, reduced survival rates, and more severe clinical progression. Conclusion The 8 signatures based on ARLncRNAs present novel targets for prognostic prediction in HCC. The drug candidate Paclitaxel may effectively treat HCC by impacting ARLncRNAs expression. With the identification of ARLncRNAs-related isoforms, these results provide valuable insights for clinical exploration of autophagy mechanisms in HCC pathogenesis and offer potential avenues for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- LU ZHANG
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - JINGUO CHU
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - YUSHAN YU
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Safri F, Nguyen R, Zerehpooshnesfchi S, George J, Qiao L. Heterogeneity of hepatocellular carcinoma: from mechanisms to clinical implications. Cancer Gene Ther 2024:10.1038/s41417-024-00764-w. [PMID: 38499648 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-024-00764-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common types of primary liver cancer. Current treatment options have limited efficacy against this malignancy, primarily owing to difficulties in early detection and the inherent resistance to existing drugs. Tumor heterogeneity is a pivotal factor contributing significantly to treatment resistance and recurrent manifestations of HCC. Intratumoral heterogeneity is an important aspect of the spectrum of complex tumor heterogeneity and contributes to late diagnosis and treatment failure. Therefore, it is crucial to thoroughly understand the molecular mechanisms of how tumor heterogeneity develops. This review aims to summarize the possible molecular dimensions of tumor heterogeneity with an emphasis on intratumoral heterogeneity, evaluate its profound impact on the diagnosis and therapeutic strategies for HCC, and explore the suitability of appropriate pre-clinical models that can be used to best study tumor heterogeneity; thus, opening new avenues for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatema Safri
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Romario Nguyen
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Shadi Zerehpooshnesfchi
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
| | - Liang Qiao
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
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Deng Q, Zhang X, Wan X, Zheng X, Wang H, Zhao J, Wang HQ, Yang W. The chemokine CCL20 can assist AFP in serological diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26774. [PMID: 38439882 PMCID: PMC10909724 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The chemokine 20 (CCL20) is a member of the CC chemokine family and plays a role in tumor immunity and autoimmune disease. This work investigated the value of CCL20 as a serum diagnostic marker for primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Based on the data of hepatocellular carcinoma patients in the TCGA database, the up-regulated genes encoding secretory proteins were analyzed in each pathological stage, and the candidate marker CCL20 gene was selected. Serum concentrations of CCL20 in patients with primary HCC, benign liver disease, and healthy subjects were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The ROC curve evaluated the efficacy of CCL20 alone or in combination with AFP in the diagnosis of HCC. It was found the expression of CCL20 in HCC patients was significantly higher than that in the benign liver disease group and healthy controls (P < 0.05); The AUC of ROC curve to distinguish HCC patients from healthy controls was 0.859, the sensitivity was 73.42%, and the specificity was 86.84%. After combination with AFP, the AUC increased to 0.968, the sensitivity was 88.16%, and the specificity was 97.37%. Although CCL20 was increased in the serum of patients with benign liver diseases, combined with AFP, the AUC to distinguish HCC patients from non-HCC cohorts (benign liver disease group and healthy control group) was 0.902, with a sensitivity of 91.67% and a specificity of 75.26%. Collectively, serum CCL20 is closely related to the occurrence of HCC, and detection of serum CCL20 can assist AFP in improving the diagnostic sensitivity of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmei Deng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- Medical Pathology Center, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Xinhui Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- Medical Pathology Center, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- Medical Pathology Center, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- Medical Pathology Center, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jingyu Zhao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- Medical Pathology Center, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Hong-Qiang Wang
- Biological Molecular Information System Laboratory, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Wulin Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- Medical Pathology Center, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
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Yi J, Luo X, Huang W, Yang W, Qi Y, He J, Xie H. PGK1 is a potential biomarker for early diagnosis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2024; 27:109. [PMID: 38304170 PMCID: PMC10831403 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a common type of liver cancer, is increasing in incidence worldwide. An early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still challenging: Currently, few biomarkers are available to diagnose the early stage of HCC, therefore, additional prognostic biomarkers are required to identify potential risk factors. The present study analyzed gene expression levels of HCC tissue samples and the protein expression levels obtained from the GSE46408 HCC dataset using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses. The metabolically associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including DEGs involved in the glucose metabolism pathway, were selected for further analysis. Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1), a glycolytic enzyme, was determined as a potential prognostic biomarker through Kaplan-Meier curve and clinical association variable analyses. This was also verified based on the expression levels of PGK1 in tumor tissue and protein expression levels in several liver cancer cell lines. PGK1 mRNA demonstrated a high level of expression in HCC tissue and was significantly associated with a poor prognosis, showing a negative association with survival time. In addition, as an independent risk factor, PGK1 may potentially be a valuable prognostic biomarker for patients with HCC. Furthermore, expression of PGK1 was associated with the early stages (stage I and T1) of HCC. Moreover, PGK1 mRNA expression levels demonstrated a positive association with progression of liver cancer. The results suggested that PGK1 mRNA may be involved in the degree of HCC malignancy and may be a future potential prognostic biomarker for HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Yi
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Xuehua Luo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Weijian Huang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Weijun Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Yan Qi
- Department of Market Research and Development, China Animal Husbandry Group, Beijing 100000, P.R. China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Huijun Xie
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
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Hou K, Xu X, Ge X, Jiang J, Ouyang F. Blockade of PD-1 and CTLA-4: A potent immunotherapeutic approach for hepatocellular carcinoma. Biofactors 2024; 50:250-265. [PMID: 37921427 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoints (ICPs) can promote tumor growth and prevent immunity-induced cancer cell apoptosis. Fortunately, targeting ICPs, such as programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) or cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), has achieved great success in the past few years and has gradually become an effective treatment for cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, many patients do not respond to ICP therapy due to acquired resistance and recurrence. Therefore, clarifying the specific mechanisms of ICP in the development of HCC is very important for enhancing the efficacy of anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 therapy. In particular, antigen presentation and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) signaling were reported to be involved in the development of resistance. In this review, we have explained the role and regulatory mechanisms of ICP therapy in HCC pathology. Moreover, we have also elaborated on combinations of ICP inhibitors and other treatments to enhance the antitumor effect. Collectively, recent advances in the pharmacological targeting of ICPs provide insights for the development of a novel alternative treatment for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hou
- Clinical Research Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- Department of Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xin Ge
- Clinical Research Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, PR China
| | - Jiacen Jiang
- Department of Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, PR China
| | - Fan Ouyang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhuzhou Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, PR China
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Liu L, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Weng S, Xu H, Liu Z, Han X. Gene expression profiles contribute to robustly predicting prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Genes Dis 2024; 11:593-596. [PMID: 37692499 PMCID: PMC10491864 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Long Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Yuyuan Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Siyuan Weng
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
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Hakami ZH. Biomarker discovery and validation for gastrointestinal tumors: A comprehensive review of colorectal, gastric, and liver cancers. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155216. [PMID: 38401376 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies, encompassing gastric, hepatic, colonic, and rectal cancers, are prevalent forms of cancer globally and contribute substantially to cancer-related mortality. Although there have been improvements in methods for diagnosing and treating GI cancers, the chances of survival for these types of cancers are still extremely low. According to the World Cancer Research International Fund's most recent figures, stomach cancer was responsible for roughly one million deaths worldwide in 2020. This emphasizes the importance of developing more effective tools for detecting, diagnosing, and predicting the outcome of these cancers at an early stage. Biomarkers, quantitative indications of biological processes or disease states, have emerged as promising techniques for enhancing the diagnosis and prognosis of GI malignancies. Recently, there has been a considerable endeavor to discover and authenticate biomarkers for various GI cancers by the utilization of diverse methodologies, including genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. This review provides a thorough examination of the current state of biomarker research in the field of gastrointestinal malignancies, with a specific emphasis on colorectal, stomach, and liver cancers. A thorough literature search was performed on prominent databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to find pertinent papers published until November, 2023 for the purpose of compiling this review. The diverse categories of biomarkers, encompassing genetic, epigenetic, and protein-based biomarkers, and their potential utility in the fields of diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment selection, are explored. Recent progress in identifying and confirming biomarkers, as well as the obstacles that persist in employing biomarkers in clinical settings are emphasized. The utilization of biomarkers in GI cancers has significant potential in enhancing patient outcomes. Ongoing research is expected to uncover more efficient biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaki H Hakami
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
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Gong F, Tan Z, Shan X, Yang Y, Tian S, Zhou F, Ji X, He Z. A Facile Strategy for Multiplex Protein Detection by a Fluorescent Microsphere-Based Digital Immunoassay. Anal Chem 2024; 96:3517-3524. [PMID: 38358834 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The digital immunoassay is a highly sensitive detection technique based on single-molecule counting and is widely used in the ultrasensitive detection of biomarkers. Herein, we developed a fluorescent microsphere-based digital immunoassay (FMDIA) by employing fluorescent microspheres as both the carriers for immunoreaction and fluorescent reports for imaging. In this approach, the target protein in the sample was captured by fluorescent microspheres to form a biotin-labeled sandwich immunocomplex, and then, the fluorescent microspheres containing the target protein molecules were captured by adding streptavidin-coated magnetic beads (SA-MBs). By counting the proportion of fluorescence-positive magnetic beads, the concentration of the target protein can be precisely quantified. As a proof of concept, α fetoprotein (AFP) and human interleukin-6 (IL-6) were used to assess the analytical performance of the proposed FMDIA, and limit of detection (LOD) values of 21 pg/mL (0.30 pM) and 0.19 pg/mL (7.3 fM) were achieved, respectively. The results of AFP detection in serum samples of patients and healthy people were consistent with the reference values given by the hospital. Furthermore, by adding fluorescent microspheres of various colors for encoding, the proposed FMDIA can easily realize the simultaneous detection of multiple proteins without the need to introduce multiple modified magnetic beads. This multiplex protein detection strategy, in which the reactions are first carried out on the fluorescent microspheres and then magnetic beads are used to capture the fluorescent reporters containing the target molecules, provides a new idea for digital assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhiyou Tan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaoyun Shan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yixia Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Songbai Tian
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Fuxiang Zhou
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, and Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xinghu Ji
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhike He
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, and Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Martínez-Blanco P, Suárez M, Gil-Rojas S, Torres AM, Martínez-García N, Blasco P, Torralba M, Mateo J. Prognostic Factors for Mortality in Hepatocellular Carcinoma at Diagnosis: Development of a Predictive Model Using Artificial Intelligence. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:406. [PMID: 38396445 PMCID: PMC10888215 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14040406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for 75% of primary liver tumors. Controlling risk factors associated with its development and implementing screenings in risk populations does not seem sufficient to improve the prognosis of these patients at diagnosis. The development of a predictive prognostic model for mortality at the diagnosis of HCC is proposed. METHODS In this retrospective multicenter study, the analysis of data from 191 HCC patients was conducted using machine learning (ML) techniques to analyze the prognostic factors of mortality that are significant at the time of diagnosis. Clinical and analytical data of interest in patients with HCC were gathered. RESULTS Meeting Milan criteria, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) classification and albumin levels were the variables with the greatest impact on the prognosis of HCC patients. The ML algorithm that achieved the best results was random forest (RF). CONCLUSIONS The development of a predictive prognostic model at the diagnosis is a valuable tool for patients with HCC and for application in clinical practice. RF is useful and reliable in the analysis of prognostic factors in the diagnosis of HCC. The search for new prognostic factors is still necessary in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel Suárez
- Gastroenterology Department, Virgen de la Luz Hospital, 16002 Cuenca, Spain
- Medical Analysis Expert Group, Institute of Technology, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
- Medical Analysis Expert Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Sergio Gil-Rojas
- Gastroenterology Department, Virgen de la Luz Hospital, 16002 Cuenca, Spain
| | - Ana María Torres
- Medical Analysis Expert Group, Institute of Technology, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
- Medical Analysis Expert Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | | | - Pilar Blasco
- Department of Pharmacy, General University Hospital, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Torralba
- Internal Medicine Unit, Guadalajara University Hospital, 19002 Guadalajara, Spain (M.T.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Translational Research Group in Cellular Immunology (GITIC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Jorge Mateo
- Medical Analysis Expert Group, Institute of Technology, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
- Medical Analysis Expert Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), 45071 Toledo, Spain
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Wang Y, Sun Y, Zeng X, Zhuang R, Huang J, Zhang X, Guo Z, Li Y. 68Ga-Labeled TMTP1 Modified with d-Amino Acid for Positron Emission Tomography Diagnosis of Highly Metastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Med Chem 2024; 67:2165-2175. [PMID: 38270637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
TMTP1 (NVVRQ) has been proven to selectively target various highly metastatic tumor cells. Nonetheless, existing TMTP1 probes encounter challenges such as rapid blood clearance, limited tumor uptake, and inadequate suitability for therapeutic interventions. To overcome these constraints, we designed and synthesized eight peptide probes, employing innovative chemical modification strategies involving d-amino acid modification and retro-inverso isomerization. Notably, [68Ga]TV2 exhibited particularly impressive performance, displaying an 88.88, 76.90, and 90.32% improvement in uptake at 15, 30, and 60 min, respectively, while maintaining a high target-to-nontarget ratio. Further research has demonstrated that [68Ga]TV2 also exhibits remarkable diagnostic potential for detecting in situ microtumors in the liver. The results suggest that through the implementation of innovative chemical modification strategies, we successfully developed a peptide precursor, NOTA-G-NVvRQ, with specific affinity for highly metastatic tumors, enhanced in vivo pharmacokinetic profile, and heightened stability in vivo, rendering it well suited for prospective investigations in combination therapy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xueyuan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Rongqiang Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jinxiong Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Xianzhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Theranostics and Translational Research Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhide Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yesen Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
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Gil-Rojas S, Suárez M, Martínez-Blanco P, Torres AM, Martínez-García N, Blasco P, Torralba M, Mateo J. Application of Machine Learning Techniques to Assess Alpha-Fetoprotein at Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1996. [PMID: 38396674 PMCID: PMC10888351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver tumor and is associated with high mortality rates. Approximately 80% of cases occur in cirrhotic livers, posing a significant challenge for appropriate therapeutic management. Adequate screening programs in high-risk groups are essential for early-stage detection. The extent of extrahepatic tumor spread and hepatic functional reserve are recognized as two of the most influential prognostic factors. In this retrospective multicenter study, we utilized machine learning (ML) methods to analyze predictors of mortality at the time of diagnosis in a total of 208 patients. The eXtreme gradient boosting (XGB) method achieved the highest values in identifying key prognostic factors for HCC at diagnosis. The etiology of HCC was found to be the variable most strongly associated with a poorer prognosis. The widely used Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) classification in our setting demonstrated superiority over the TNM classification. Although alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) remains the most commonly used biological marker, elevated levels did not correlate with reduced survival. Our findings suggest the need to explore new prognostic biomarkers for individualized management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Gil-Rojas
- Gastroenterology Department, Virgen de la Luz Hospital, 16002 Cuenca, Spain
- Medical Analysis Expert Group, Institute of Technology, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
- Medical Analysis Expert Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Miguel Suárez
- Gastroenterology Department, Virgen de la Luz Hospital, 16002 Cuenca, Spain
- Medical Analysis Expert Group, Institute of Technology, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
- Medical Analysis Expert Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Pablo Martínez-Blanco
- Gastroenterology Department, Virgen de la Luz Hospital, 16002 Cuenca, Spain
- Medical Analysis Expert Group, Institute of Technology, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
- Medical Analysis Expert Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Ana M. Torres
- Medical Analysis Expert Group, Institute of Technology, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
- Medical Analysis Expert Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | | | - Pilar Blasco
- Department of Pharmacy, General University Hospital, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Torralba
- Internal Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Guadalajara, 19002 Guadalajara, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Translational Research Group in Cellular Immunology (GITIC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Jorge Mateo
- Medical Analysis Expert Group, Institute of Technology, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
- Medical Analysis Expert Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), 45071 Toledo, Spain
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Lin Z, Ji X, Tian N, Gan Y, Ke L. APOB is a potential prognostic biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:28. [PMID: 38310202 PMCID: PMC10838261 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-00877-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is significantly associated with adverse prognostic outcomes. The development and progression of different types of human tumors are significantly influenced by APOB. Nevertheless, the significance and pathomechanisms of APOB in HCC have not been conclusively determined. We assessed APOB expression levels in HCC using three publicly available databases of TIMER2.0, UALCAN and Human Protein Atlas. To identify the biological function of APOB, we conducted enrichment analysis via LinkedOmics. Moreover, UALCAN was employed to assess the relationship between APOB expression and clinicopathological features among HCC patients. Additionally, the Kaplan-Meier plotter was utilized to investigate the prognostic relevance of APOB in HCC. To explore potential regulatory ncRNAs that could bind to APOB, we utilized StarBase and GEPIA. Furthermore, the correlation between APOB expression and immune cell infiltration, as well as immune checkpoint genes, was investigated using Spearman's correlation analysis in TISIDB, GEPIA, and TIMER2.0. The findings of our investigation showed a notable decrease in the expression levels of APOB among individuals diagnosed with HCC. Moreover, a noteworthy correlation was observed between the expression of APOB and immune checkpoint genes, alongside the occurrence of immune cell infiltration. The levels of APOB expression in HCC tissues also showed correlations with various clinicopathological features. According to Cox regression analysis, decreased APOB expression emerged as a potential autonomous predictor for OS, RFS, DSS, and PFS among HCC patients. Furthermore, we identified six potential pathways associated with non-coding RNA (ncRNA) as the most promising pathway for APOB in HCC. Our results illuminate the possible involvement of APOB in HCC and offer understanding into its governing mechanisms and medical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Lin
- Department of Medical Record; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaohui Ji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nana Tian
- Department of Medical Record, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Gan
- Department of Medical Record, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Ke
- Department of Medical Record; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Liu C, Zhou C, Xia W, Zhou Y, Qiu Y, Weng J, Zhou Q, Chen W, Wang YN, Lee HH, Wang SC, Kuang M, Yu D, Ren N, Hung MC. Targeting ALK averts ribonuclease 1-induced immunosuppression and enhances antitumor immunity in hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1009. [PMID: 38307859 PMCID: PMC10837126 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45215-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor-secreted factors contribute to the development of a microenvironment that facilitates the escape of cancer cells from immunotherapy. In this study, we conduct a retrospective comparison of the proteins secreted by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells in responders and non-responders among a cohort of ten patients who received Nivolumab (anti-PD-1 antibody). Our findings indicate that non-responders have a high abundance of secreted RNase1, which is associated with a poor prognosis in various cancer types. Furthermore, mice implanted with HCC cells that overexpress RNase1 exhibit immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments and diminished response to anti-PD-1 therapy. RNase1 induces the polarization of macrophages towards a tumor growth-promoting phenotype through activation of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) signaling pathway. Targeting the RNase1/ALK axis reprograms the macrophage polarization, with increased CD8+ T- and Th1- cell recruitment. Moreover, simultaneous targeting of the checkpoint protein PD-1 unleashes cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell responses. Treatment utilizing both an ALK inhibitor and an anti-PD-1 antibody exhibits enhanced tumor regression and facilitates long-term immunity. Our study elucidates the role of RNase1 in mediating tumor resistance to immunotherapy and reveals an RNase1-mediated immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, highlighting the potential of targeting RNase1 as a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Liu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Center of Hepato-Pancreato-biliary Surgery, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Chenhao Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiya Xia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Cancer Biology, Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 406, Taiwan
| | - Yifan Zhou
- Department of laboratory medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yufan Qiu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jialei Weng
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanyong Chen
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Nai Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heng-Huan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shao-Chun Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Cancer Biology, Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 406, Taiwan
| | - Ming Kuang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Center of Hepato-Pancreato-biliary Surgery, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dihua Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ning Ren
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Cancer Biology, Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 406, Taiwan.
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Xie S, Li X, Yan J, Yu H, Chen S, Chen K. Knockdown of liver cancer cell-secreted exosomal PSMA5 controls macrophage polarization to restrain cancer progression by blocking JAK2/STAT3 signaling. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1146. [PMID: 38415977 PMCID: PMC10836037 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tumor-associated macrophages, a major component of the tumor microenvironment, undergo polarization into M2 macrophages (M2), and thereby exert an immunosuppressive effect to induce cancer metastasis. This study strives to uncover a molecular mechanism underlying this event in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Proteasome subunit alpha 5 (PSMA5) expression in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) tissues and its association with LIHC patients were predicted using StarBase. PSMA5 level in human HCC cells was manipulated via transfection. Exosomes were isolated from HCC cells, and internalized into macrophages which were cocultured with HCC cells. Exosome internalization was observed after fluorescence labeling. HCC cell migration and invasion were evaluated by wound healing and Transwell assays. Xenograft assay was performed to investigate the role of PSMA5 in in vitro tumorigenesis. M2 polarization was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry. PSMA5 expression in exosomes and Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation in macrophages and tumors were detected by Western blot analysis. RESULTS High PSMA5 expression was observed in LIHC tissues and associated with compromised survival of LIHC patients. PSMA5 knockdown inhibited HCC cell migration and invasion. PSMA5 knockdown in HCC cells downregulated PSMA5 level in exosomes from these HCC cells. HCC cell-isolated exosomes were successfully internalized into macrophages, and facilitated M2 polarization and JAK2/STAT3 pathway activation. HCC cell-secreted exosomal PSMA5 knockdown inhibited the exosome-induced effect on macrophages, and attenuated the promotion induced by exosome-treated macrophages on HCC cell migration/invasion and tumorigenesis along with in vivo M2 polarization and JAK2/STAT3 pathway activation. CONCLUSION HCC cell-secreted exosomal PSMA5 knockdown hinders M2 polarization to suppress cancer progression by restraining JAK2/STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryNingbo No.2 HospitalNingboZhejiangChina
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryNingbo No.2 HospitalNingboZhejiangChina
| | - Jia Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryNingbo No.2 HospitalNingboZhejiangChina
| | - Hua Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryNingbo No.2 HospitalNingboZhejiangChina
| | - Shuhuai Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryNingbo No.2 HospitalNingboZhejiangChina
| | - Kana Chen
- Department of Plastic SurgeryNingbo No.2 HospitalNingboZhejiangChina
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Li ZY, Shen QM, Wang J, Tuo JY, Tan YT, Li HL, Xiang YB. Prediagnostic plasma metabolite concentrations and liver cancer risk: a population-based study of Chinese men. EBioMedicine 2024; 100:104990. [PMID: 38306896 PMCID: PMC10847612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.104990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous metabolic profiling of liver cancer has mostly used untargeted metabolomic approaches and was unable to quantitate the absolute concentrations of metabolites. In this study, we examined the association between the concentrations of 186 targeted metabolites and liver cancer risk using prediagnostic plasma samples collected up to 14 years prior to the clinical diagnosis of liver cancer. METHODS We conducted a nested case-control study (n = 322 liver cancer cases, n = 322 matched controls) within the Shanghai Men's Health Study. Conditional logistic regression models adjusted for demographics, lifestyle factors, dietary habits, and related medical histories were used to estimate the odds ratios. Restricted cubic spline functions were used to characterise the dose-response relationships between metabolite concentrations and liver cancer risk. FINDINGS After adjusting for potential confounders and correcting for multiple testing, 28 metabolites were associated with liver cancer risk. Significant non-linear relationships were observed for 22 metabolites. The primary bile acid biosynthesis and phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis were found to be important pathways involved in the aetiology of liver cancer. A metabolic score consisting of 10 metabolites significantly improved the predictive ability of traditional epidemiological risk factors for liver cancer, with an optimism-corrected AUC increased from 0.84 (95% CI: 0.81-0.87) to 0.89 (95% CI: 0.86-0.91). INTERPRETATION This study characterised the dose-response relationships between metabolites and liver cancer risk, providing insights into the complex metabolic perturbations prior to the clinical diagnosis of liver cancer. The metabolic score may serve as a candidate risk predictor for liver cancer. FUNDING National Key Project of Research and Development Program of China [2021YFC2500404, 2021YFC2500405]; US National Institutes of Health [subcontract of UM1 CA173640].
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Ying Li
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; State Key Laboratory of System Medicine for Cancer & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qiu-Ming Shen
- State Key Laboratory of System Medicine for Cancer & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of System Medicine for Cancer & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jia-Yi Tuo
- State Key Laboratory of System Medicine for Cancer & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yu-Ting Tan
- State Key Laboratory of System Medicine for Cancer & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hong-Lan Li
- State Key Laboratory of System Medicine for Cancer & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; State Key Laboratory of System Medicine for Cancer & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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47
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Tang Z, Li X, Zheng Y, Liu J, Liu C, Li X. The role of competing endogenous RNA network in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma: potential therapeutic targets. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1341999. [PMID: 38357004 PMCID: PMC10864455 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1341999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The current situation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) management is challenging due to its high incidence, mortality, recurrence and metastasis. Recent advances in gene genetic and expression regulation have unveiled the significant role of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) in various cancers. This led to the formulation of the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) hypothesis, which posits that both coding RNA and ncRNA, containing miRNA response elements (MRE), can share the same miRNA sequence. This results in a competitive network between ncRNAs, such as lncRNA and mRNA, allowing them to regulate each other. Extensive research has highlighted the crucial role of the ceRNA network in HCC development, impacting various cellular processes including proliferation, metastasis, cell death, angiogenesis, tumor microenvironment, organismal immunity, and chemotherapy resistance. Additionally, the ceRNA network, mediated by lncRNA or circRNA, offers potential in early diagnosis and prevention of HCC. Consequently, ceRNAs are emerging as therapeutic targets for HCC. The complexity of these gene networks aligns with the multi-target approach of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), presenting a novel perspective for TCM in combating HCC. Research is beginning to show that TCM compounds and prescriptions can affect HCC progression through the ceRNA network, inhibiting proliferation and metastasis, and inducing apoptosis. Currently, the lncRNAs TUG1, NEAT1, and CCAT1, along with their associated ceRNA networks, are among the most promising ncRNAs for HCC research. However, this field is still in its infancy, necessitating advanced technology and extensive basic research to fully understand the ceRNA network mechanisms of TCM in HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Tang
- The Ninth People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanfeng Zheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Chongqing Chemical Industry Vocational College, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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48
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Teng M, Li Z, Gu Y, Fan Y, Wang D, Liu M, Li Y, Wei G, Huang Y. Real-time monitoring of glucose metabolism and effects of metformin on HepG2 cells using 13C in-cell NMR spectroscopy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 694:149383. [PMID: 38150918 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Metformin is currently a strong candidate antitumor agent for multiple cancers, and has the potential to inhibit cancer cell viability, growth, and proliferation. Metabolic reprogramming is a critical feature of cancer cells. However, the effects of metformin which targets glucose metabolism on HepG2 cancer cells remain unclear. In this study, to explore the effects of metformin on glucose metabolism in HepG2 cells, we conducted real-time metabolomic monitoring of live HepG2 cells treated with metformin using 13C in-cell NMR spectroscopy. Metabolic tracing with U-13C6-glucose revealed that metformin significantly increased the production of 13C-G3P and 13C-glycerol, which were reported to attenuate liver cancer development, but decreased the production of potential oncogenesis-supportive metabolites, including 13C-lactate, 13C-alanine, 13C-glycine, and 13C-glutamate. Moreover, the expression levels of enzymes associated with the measured metabolites were carried out. The results showed that the levels of ALT1, MCT4, GPD2 and MPC1 were greatly reduced, which were consistent with the changes of measured metabolites in 13C in-cell NMR spectroscopy. Overall, our approach directly provides fundamental insights into the effects of metformin on glucose metabolism in live HepG2 cells, and highlights the potential mechanism of metformin, including the increase in production of G3P and glycerol derived from glucose, as well as the inhibition of glucose incorporation into lactate, alanine, glutamate, and glycine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzhou Teng
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Zhijia Li
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510091, China
| | - Yanmei Gu
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yitao Fan
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Daijun Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Meiyu Liu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, China
| | - Yumin Li
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
| | - Gang Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Yanjie Huang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China; Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
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49
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Bencini L. Novel prognostic factors after radical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma: Updating an old issue. World J Gastrointest Surg 2024; 16:1-5. [PMID: 38328325 PMCID: PMC10845265 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v16.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In this editorial, I comment on the article by Li et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery in 2023, investigating the role of some novel prognostic factors for early survival after radical resection of liver cancer. Liver cancer is an important burden among Asian and Western populations, despite recent advances in both medicine (from virus eradication to systemic target therapies) and surgery. However, survival after proven radical surgery remains poor, with recurrences being the rule. Many prognostic scores have been developed and validated to select those patients who will best benefit from radical liver surgery, although the final general and oncological outcomes continue to be highly jeopardized. Unfortunately, no single biomarker can resolve all these issues for hepatocellular carcinoma, and it remains to be proven whether some of them maintain predictive power in the long-term follow-up. In the ongoing era of "precision" medicine, the novel prognostic markers, including immune inflammatory and nutritional indexes could be of great help in better stratify surgical candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lapo Bencini
- Department of Oncology and Robotic Surgery, Careggi Main Florence University and Regional Hospital, Florence 50134, Italy
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50
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Christou C, Stylianou A, Gkretsi V. Midkine (MDK) in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: More than a Biomarker. Cells 2024; 13:136. [PMID: 38247828 PMCID: PMC10814326 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Midkine (MDK) is a multifunctional secreted protein that can act as a cytokine or growth factor regulating multiple signaling pathways and being implicated in fundamental cellular processes, such as survival, proliferation, and migration. Although its expression in normal adult tissues is barely detectable, MDK serum levels are found to be elevated in several types of cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this review, we summarize the findings of recent studies on the role of MDK in HCC diagnosis and progression. Overall, studies show that MDK is a powerful biomarker for HCC early diagnosis, as it can differentiate not only between HCC patients and normal individuals but also between HCC patients and patients with other liver pathologies. It is correlated with high recurrence rates and was shown to be valuable for the diagnosis of early-stage HCC, even in patients negative for α-fetoprotein (AFP), the most commonly used biomarker for HCC diagnosis. A comparison with AFP reveals that MDK is inferior to AFP with regard to specificity but significantly superior with regard to sensitivity, which further indicates the need for using both biomarkers for more effective HCC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana Christou
- Cancer Metastasis and Adhesion Laboratory, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center (BTCRC), European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus;
- European University Cyprus Research Centre Ltd., Nicosia 2404, Cyprus;
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
| | - Andreas Stylianou
- European University Cyprus Research Centre Ltd., Nicosia 2404, Cyprus;
- Cancer Mechanobiology and Applied Biophysics Laboratory, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center (BTCRC), European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
| | - Vasiliki Gkretsi
- Cancer Metastasis and Adhesion Laboratory, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center (BTCRC), European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus;
- European University Cyprus Research Centre Ltd., Nicosia 2404, Cyprus;
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
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