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Andres-Martin F, James C, Catalfamo M. IL-27 expression regulation and its effects on adaptive immunity against viruses. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1395921. [PMID: 38966644 PMCID: PMC11222398 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1395921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
IL-27, a member of the IL-6/IL-12 cytokine superfamily, is primarily secreted by antigen presenting cells, specifically by dendric cells, macrophages and B cells. IL-27 has antiviral activities and modulates both innate and adaptive immune responses against viruses. The role of IL-27 in the setting of viral infections is not well defined and both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions have been described. Here, we discuss the latest advancements in the role of IL-27 in several viral infection models of human disease. We highlight important aspects of IL-27 expression regulation, the critical cell sources at different stages of the infection and their impact in cell mediated immunity. Lastly, we discuss the need to better define the antiviral and modulatory (pro-inflammatory vs anti-inflammatory) properties of IL-27 in the context of human chronic viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Catalfamo
- Department of Microbiology Immunology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
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2
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Momtazkari S, Dev Choudhury A, Yong ZWE, Le DT, Nguyen Canh H, Harada K, Toshiyuki H, Osato M, Takahashi C, Koh CP, Voon DCC. Differential requirement for IL-2 and IL-23 in the differentiation and effector functions of Th17/ILC3-like cells in a human T cell line. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:1108-1117. [PMID: 38374693 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
A well-documented Achilles heel of current cancer immunotherapy approaches is T cell exhaustion within solid tumor tissues. The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-23 has been utilized to augment chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell survival and tumor immunity. However, in-depth interrogation of molecular events downstream of IL-23/IL-23 receptor signaling is hampered by a paucity of suitable cell models. The current study investigates the differential contribution of IL-2 and IL-23 to the maintenance and differentiation of the IL-23 responsive Kit225 T-cell line. We observed that IL-23 enhanced cellular fitness and survival but was insufficient to drive proliferation. IL-23 rapidly induced phosphorylation of STAT1, STAT3, and STAT4, and messenger RNA expression of IL17A, the archetypal effector cytokine of T helper 17 (Th17) cells, but not their lineage markers RORC and NCR1. These observations suggest that IL-23 endowed Th17/ILC3-like effector function but did not promote their differentiation. In contrast, spontaneous differentiation of Kit225 cells toward a Th17/ILC3-like phenotype was induced by prolonged IL-2 withdrawal. This was marked by strongly elevated basal IL17A and IL17F expression and the secretion of IL-17. Together, our data present Kit225 cells as a valuable model for studying the interplay between cytokines and their contribution to T cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Momtazkari
- Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Anahita Dev Choudhury
- Institute of Frontier Sciences Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Zachary Wei Ern Yong
- Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Dong Thanh Le
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Takaramachi, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Hiep Nguyen Canh
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Takaramachi, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Kenichi Harada
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Takaramachi, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Hori Toshiyuki
- Biomedical Sciences Course, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Motomi Osato
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 2-chōme-2-1 Honjō, Chuo Ward, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Chiaki Takahashi
- Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
- Institute of Frontier Sciences Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Cai Ping Koh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Quest International University, Jalan Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ipoh, Perak, 30250, Malaysia
| | - Dominic Chih-Cheng Voon
- Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
- Institute of Frontier Sciences Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
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3
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Bloch Y, Felix J, Merceron R, Provost M, Symakani RA, De Backer R, Lambert E, Mehdipour AR, Savvides SN. Structures of complete extracellular receptor assemblies mediated by IL-12 and IL-23. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2024; 31:591-597. [PMID: 38287195 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-01190-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Cell-surface receptor complexes mediated by pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23, both validated therapeutic targets, are incompletely understood due to the lack of structural insights into their complete extracellular assemblies. Furthermore, there is a paucity of structural details describing the IL-12-receptor interaction interfaces, in contrast to IL-23-receptor complexes. Here we report structures of fully assembled mouse IL-12/human IL-23-receptor complexes comprising the complete extracellular segments of the cognate receptors determined by electron cryo-microscopy. The structures reveal key commonalities but also surprisingly diverse features. Most notably, whereas IL-12 and IL-23 both utilize a conspicuously presented aromatic residue on their α-subunit as a hotspot to interact with the N-terminal Ig domain of their high-affinity receptors, only IL-12 juxtaposes receptor domains proximal to the cell membrane. Collectively, our findings will help to complete our understanding of cytokine-mediated assemblies of tall cytokine receptors and will enable a cytokine-specific interrogation of IL-12/IL-23 signaling in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehudi Bloch
- Unit for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Structural Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit c/o DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Felix
- Unit for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- Unit for Structural Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Romain Merceron
- Unit for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Structural Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Eurofins DiscoverX Products France, Celle-Lévescault, France
| | - Mathias Provost
- Unit for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Structural Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Argenx, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Royan Alipour Symakani
- Unit for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Structural Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robin De Backer
- Unit for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Structural Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Lambert
- Unit for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Structural Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Solvias, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Savvas N Savvides
- Unit for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- Unit for Structural Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.
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4
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Mezghiche I, Yahia-Cherbal H, Rogge L, Bianchi E. Interleukin 23 receptor: Expression and regulation in immune cells. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2250348. [PMID: 37837262 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The importance of IL-23 and its specific receptor, IL-23R, in the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory diseases has been established, but the underlying pathological mechanisms are not fully understood. This review focuses on IL-23R expression and regulation in immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lars Rogge
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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5
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Aschenbrenner I, Siebenmorgen T, Lopez A, Parr M, Ruckgaber P, Kerle A, Rührnößl F, Catici D, Haslbeck M, Frishman D, Sattler M, Zacharias M, Feige MJ. Assembly-dependent Structure Formation Shapes Human Interleukin-23 versus Interleukin-12 Secretion. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:168300. [PMID: 37805067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 12 (IL-12) family cytokines connect the innate and adaptive branches of the immune system and regulate immune responses. A unique characteristic of this family is that each member is anα:βheterodimer. For human αsubunits it has been shown that they depend on theirβsubunit for structure formation and secretion from cells. Since subunits are shared within the family and IL-12 as well as IL-23 use the same βsubunit, subunit competition may influence cytokine secretion and thus downstream immunological functions. Here, we rationally design a folding-competent human IL-23α subunit that does not depend on itsβsubunit for structure formation. This engineered variant still forms a functional heterodimeric cytokine but shows less chaperone dependency and stronger affinity in assembly with its βsubunit. It forms IL-23 more efficiently than its natural counterpart, skewing the balance of IL-12 and IL-23 towards more IL-23 formation. Together, our study shows that folding-competent human IL-12 familyαsubunits are obtainable by only few mutations and compatible with assembly and function of the cytokine. These findings might suggest that human α subunits have evolved for assembly-dependent folding to maintain and regulate correct IL-12 family member ratios in the light of subunit competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Aschenbrenner
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Garching, Germany
| | - Till Siebenmorgen
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Garching, Germany; Helmholtz Munich, Molecular Targets & Therapeutics Center, Institute of Structural Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Abraham Lopez
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Bavarian NMR Center, Garching, Germany; Helmholtz Munich, Molecular Targets & Therapeutics Center, Institute of Structural Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marina Parr
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Department of Bioinformatics, Freising, Germany
| | - Philipp Ruckgaber
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Garching, Germany
| | - Anna Kerle
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Garching, Germany
| | - Florian Rührnößl
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Garching, Germany
| | - Dragana Catici
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Haslbeck
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Garching, Germany
| | - Dmitrij Frishman
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Department of Bioinformatics, Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Sattler
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Bavarian NMR Center, Garching, Germany; Helmholtz Munich, Molecular Targets & Therapeutics Center, Institute of Structural Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Zacharias
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Garching, Germany
| | - Matthias J Feige
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Garching, Germany.
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6
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Dimitriadis K, Katelani S, Pappa M, Fragkoulis GE, Androutsakos T. The Role of Interleukins in HBV Infection: A Narrative Review. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1675. [PMID: 38138902 PMCID: PMC10744424 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13121675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a worldwide medical issue with significant morbidity and mortality, as it is the main cause of chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Both innate and adaptive immune responses play a key role in HBV replication and suppression. Recently, the pathophysiological function of interleukins (IL) in the natural course of HBV has gained much attention as a result of the broad use of anti-interleukin agents for a variety of autoimmune diseases and the accompanying risk of HBV reactivation. We present a narrative review regarding the role of IL in HBV infection. Collectively, the pro-inflammatory ILs, namely IL-1, IL-5, IL-6, IL-12 and IL-21, seem to play a critical role in the suppression of HBV replication. In contrast, the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10, IL-23 and IL-35 probably act as HBV replication enhancers, while IL-17 has been correlated with HBV-related liver injury. Interestingly enough, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-12 have been tried as therapeutic options against HBV infection with contradictory results. Lastly, the role of IL-22 remains largely ill defined, although preliminary data suggest that it may play a significant role in HBV replication, proliferation and subsequent liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Dimitriadis
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (K.D.); (S.K.)
| | - Stamatia Katelani
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (K.D.); (S.K.)
| | - Maria Pappa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Propaedeutic Clinic, “Laiko” Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.P.); (G.E.F.)
| | - George E. Fragkoulis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Propaedeutic Clinic, “Laiko” Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.P.); (G.E.F.)
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Theodoros Androutsakos
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (K.D.); (S.K.)
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Essogmo FE, Zhilenkova AV, Tchawe YSN, Owoicho AM, Rusanov AS, Boroda A, Pirogova YN, Sangadzhieva ZD, Sanikovich VD, Bagmet NN, Sekacheva MI. Cytokine Profile in Lung Cancer Patients: Anti-Tumor and Oncogenic Cytokines. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5383. [PMID: 38001643 PMCID: PMC10670546 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is currently the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. In recent years, checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy (ICI) has emerged as a new treatment. A better understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TMJ) or the immune system surrounding the tumor is needed. Cytokines are small proteins that carry messages between cells and are known to play an important role in the body's response to inflammation and infection. Cytokines are important for immunity in lung cancer. They promote tumor growth (oncogenic cytokines) or inhibit tumor growth (anti-tumour cytokines) by controlling signaling pathways for growth, proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis. The immune system relies heavily on cytokines. They can also be produced in the laboratory for therapeutic use. Cytokine therapy helps the immune system to stop the growth or kill cancer cells. Interleukins and interferons are the two types of cytokines used to treat cancer. This article begins by addressing the role of the TMJ and its components in lung cancer. This review also highlights the functions of various cytokines such as interleukins (IL), transforming growth factor (TGF), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy Elad Essogmo
- Institute for Personalized Oncology, Center for Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia; (F.E.E.); (A.V.Z.); (Y.S.N.T.); (A.M.O.); (A.S.R.); (A.B.); (Y.N.P.); (Z.D.S.); (V.D.S.)
- Cameroon Oncology Center (COC), Douala P.O. Box 1864, Cameroon
| | - Angelina V. Zhilenkova
- Institute for Personalized Oncology, Center for Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia; (F.E.E.); (A.V.Z.); (Y.S.N.T.); (A.M.O.); (A.S.R.); (A.B.); (Y.N.P.); (Z.D.S.); (V.D.S.)
| | - Yvan Sinclair Ngaha Tchawe
- Institute for Personalized Oncology, Center for Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia; (F.E.E.); (A.V.Z.); (Y.S.N.T.); (A.M.O.); (A.S.R.); (A.B.); (Y.N.P.); (Z.D.S.); (V.D.S.)
| | - Abah Moses Owoicho
- Institute for Personalized Oncology, Center for Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia; (F.E.E.); (A.V.Z.); (Y.S.N.T.); (A.M.O.); (A.S.R.); (A.B.); (Y.N.P.); (Z.D.S.); (V.D.S.)
| | - Alexander S. Rusanov
- Institute for Personalized Oncology, Center for Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia; (F.E.E.); (A.V.Z.); (Y.S.N.T.); (A.M.O.); (A.S.R.); (A.B.); (Y.N.P.); (Z.D.S.); (V.D.S.)
| | - Alexander Boroda
- Institute for Personalized Oncology, Center for Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia; (F.E.E.); (A.V.Z.); (Y.S.N.T.); (A.M.O.); (A.S.R.); (A.B.); (Y.N.P.); (Z.D.S.); (V.D.S.)
| | - Yuliya N. Pirogova
- Institute for Personalized Oncology, Center for Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia; (F.E.E.); (A.V.Z.); (Y.S.N.T.); (A.M.O.); (A.S.R.); (A.B.); (Y.N.P.); (Z.D.S.); (V.D.S.)
| | - Zaiana D. Sangadzhieva
- Institute for Personalized Oncology, Center for Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia; (F.E.E.); (A.V.Z.); (Y.S.N.T.); (A.M.O.); (A.S.R.); (A.B.); (Y.N.P.); (Z.D.S.); (V.D.S.)
| | - Varvara D. Sanikovich
- Institute for Personalized Oncology, Center for Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia; (F.E.E.); (A.V.Z.); (Y.S.N.T.); (A.M.O.); (A.S.R.); (A.B.); (Y.N.P.); (Z.D.S.); (V.D.S.)
| | - Nikolay N. Bagmet
- Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, Moscow 117418, Russia;
| | - Marina I. Sekacheva
- Institute for Personalized Oncology, Center for Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia; (F.E.E.); (A.V.Z.); (Y.S.N.T.); (A.M.O.); (A.S.R.); (A.B.); (Y.N.P.); (Z.D.S.); (V.D.S.)
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Buda P, Michalski P, Warmusz O, Michalska-Bańkowska A, Sirek T, Ossowski P, Bogdał P, Strojny D, Pisany-Syska A, Grabarek BO. Influence of adalimumab on interleukin 12/23 signalling pathways in human keratinocytes treated with lipopolysaccharide A. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2023; 40:647-654. [PMID: 38028419 PMCID: PMC10646715 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2023.129272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The interleukin-12/23 (IL-12/23) signalling pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. In addition, even molecularly targeted therapy has been reported to lose adequate response to treatment. Aim To determine the expression patterns of mRNAs and miRNAs related to IL-12/23 signalling pathways in the human keratinocyte culture exposed to liposaccharide A (LPS) and then adalimumab in comparison with untreated cells. Material and methods Human, adult, low-Calcium, high-Temperature keratinocyte (HaCaT) cultures were exposed to 1 µg/ml LPS for 8 h, and then adalimumab was added to the cultures at a concentration of 8 µg/ml and incubated for 2, 8, and 24 h. We used mRNA and miRNA microarray, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques. Results STAT1, STAT3, STAT5, IL-6, IL-6R, SOCS3, and JAK3 genes differentiated HaCaT cultures with the drug from controls regardless of the time the cells were exposed to the drug. The addition of adalimumab to a culture previously exposed to LPS resulted in silencing of SOCS3 and IL-6 expression compared to the control, while for the other transcripts they were found to be overexpressed compared to the control culture. The assessment indicated the strongest connections between JAK3 and hsa-miR-373-5p (target score 96); SOCS3, STAT5, and hsa-miR-1827 (target score 96). Conclusions Our study indicates that adalimumab has the strongest modulating effect on mRNA and miRNA expression of JAK/STAT and IL-6-dependent IL-12/23 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Buda
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Piotr Michalski
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Child and Family Health, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Oliwia Warmusz
- Department of Histology and Cell Pathology in Zabrze, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Michalska-Bańkowska
- Department of Histology and Cell Pathology in Zabrze, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sirek
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Academia of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital for Minimally Invasive and Reconstructive Surgery, Bielsko-Biala, Poland
| | - Piotr Ossowski
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Paweł Bogdał
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Damian Strojny
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Beniamin Oskar Grabarek
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
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9
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Park H, Lee S, Lee J, Moon H, Ro SW. Exploring the JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Unraveling Signaling Complexity and Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13764. [PMID: 37762066 PMCID: PMC10531214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) continues to pose a substantial global health challenge due to its high incidence and limited therapeutic options. In recent years, the Janus Kinase (JAK) and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) pathway has emerged as a critical signaling cascade in HCC pathogenesis. The review commences with an overview of the JAK/STAT pathway, delving into the dynamic interplay between the JAK/STAT pathway and its numerous upstream activators, such as cytokines and growth factors enriched in pathogenic livers afflicted with chronic inflammation and cirrhosis. This paper also elucidates how the persistent activation of JAK/STAT signaling leads to diverse oncogenic processes during hepatocarcinogenesis, including uncontrolled cell proliferation, evasion of apoptosis, and immune escape. In the context of therapeutic implications, this review summarizes recent advancements in targeting the JAK/STAT pathway for HCC treatment. Preclinical and clinical studies investigating inhibitors and modulators of JAK/STAT signaling are discussed, highlighting their potential in suppressing the deadly disease. The insights presented herein underscore the necessity for continued research into targeting the JAK/STAT signaling pathway as a promising avenue for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Simon Weonsang Ro
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea; (H.P.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (H.M.)
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10
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Ezeh N, Caplan A, Rosenbach M, Imadojemu S. Cutaneous Sarcoidosis. Dermatol Clin 2023; 41:455-470. [DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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11
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Wang X, Zhang A, Qiu X, Yang K, Zhou H. The IL-12 family cytokines in fish: Molecular structure, expression profile and function. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:104643. [PMID: 36632929 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-12 family cytokines including IL-12, IL-23, IL-27, IL-35 and IL-39 are heterodimeric cytokines composed of two subunits, an α-chain (entitled p35, p19 and p28) and a β-chain (namely p40 and Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3, EBI3). Unlike in mammals, specific whole genome duplication events in fish may generate more paralogues of these subunits as the components of IL-12 family cytokines. Although all subunit genes of IL-12 family have been isolated and identified in various fish species, some important issues on fish IL-12 family are needed to be addressed compared to the extensive study in mammals: Whether the expansion of these subunit genes results in the generation of multiple isoforms of the family cytokines; Whether the related receptor genes have similar complex repertoire corresponding to their ligands; How about the expression kinetics of these subunit paralogues particularly under the circumstance of pathogen infection and immune stimulation; How about the functional properties of IL-12 family in fish. In the past ten years, these concerns have received increasing attentions to establish the biological significance of this family cytokines in fish immunity. In this review, we summarized the current understanding of IL-12 family with a special focus on the molecular structures, inducible expression profiles and functions of IL-12 family members in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Anying Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyang Qiu
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Lu Y, Ruan Y, Hong P, Rui K, Liu Q, Wang S, Cui D. T-cell senescence: A crucial player in autoimmune diseases. Clin Immunol 2023; 248:109202. [PMID: 36470338 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Senescent T cells are proliferative disabled lymphocytes that lack antigen-specific responses. The development of T-cell senescence in autoimmune diseases contributes to immunological disorders and disease progression. Senescent T cells lack costimulatory markers with the reduction of T cell receptor repertoire and the uptake of natural killer cell receptors. Senescent T cells exert cytotoxic effects through the expression of perforin, granzymes, tumor necrosis factor, and other molecules without the antigen-presenting process. DNA damage accumulation, telomere damage, and limited DNA repair capacity are important features of senescent T cells. Impaired mitochondrial function and accumulation of reactive oxygen species contribute to T cell senescence. Alleviation of T-cell senescence could provide potential targets for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyun Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Yongchun Ruan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Pan Hong
- Department of Hematology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Ke Rui
- Department of Transfusion, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Dawei Cui
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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13
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Jawale D, Khandibharad S, Singh S. Decoding systems immunological model of sphingolipids with IL-6/IL-17/IL-23 axes in L. major infection. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159261. [PMID: 36494028 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IL-6, IL-17, IL-23 and IL-1β are the crucial cytokines controlling inflammatory and immune response during L. major infection. During cutaneous leishmaniasis, an important T helper cell type CD4+ Th17 subset plays a deterministic role in lesion formation through channelling infected macrophages and production of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-23 and IFN-γ. Ceramide derived sphingosine precursors may assist in pro-inflammatory cytokine response. However, the role of these metabolites in inflammation with pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokines in L. major infection is unknown. The present study indicates IL-6/IL-17/IL-23 and SPHK1-S1P-S1PRs signaling axes with the overexpression of SATB1 aiding in disease progression. Targeting SATB1 might modulate the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and abnormal immune functioning, thereby killing the intracellular parasite. Systems immunological methods assisted in a step towards identifying the key to the mystery of crucial components and serving as an approach for therapeutic intervention in L. major infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Jawale
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, SP Pune University Campus, Pune 411007, India
| | - Shweta Khandibharad
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, SP Pune University Campus, Pune 411007, India
| | - Shailza Singh
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, SP Pune University Campus, Pune 411007, India.
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14
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Jeon K, Kim Y, Kang SK, Park U, Kim J, Park N, Koh J, Shim MS, Kim M, Rhee YJ, Jeong H, Lee S, Park D, Lim J, Kim H, Ha NY, Jo HY, Kim SC, Lee JH, Shon J, Kim H, Jeon YK, Choi YS, Kim HY, Lee WW, Choi M, Park HY, Park WY, Kim YS, Cho NH. Elevated IFNA1 and suppressed IL12p40 associated with persistent hyperinflammation in COVID-19 pneumonia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1101808. [PMID: 36776879 PMCID: PMC9911526 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1101808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite of massive endeavors to characterize inflammation in COVID-19 patients, the core network of inflammatory mediators responsible for severe pneumonia stillremain remains elusive. Methods Here, we performed quantitative and kinetic analysis of 191 inflammatory factors in 955 plasma samples from 80 normal controls (sample n = 80) and 347 confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia patients (sample n = 875), including 8 deceased patients. Results Differential expression analysis showed that 76% of plasmaproteins (145 factors) were upregulated in severe COVID-19 patients comparedwith moderate patients, confirming overt inflammatory responses in severe COVID-19 pneumonia patients. Global correlation analysis of the plasma factorsrevealed two core inflammatory modules, core I and II, comprising mainly myeloid cell and lymphoid cell compartments, respectively, with enhanced impact in a severity-dependent manner. We observed elevated IFNA1 and suppressed IL12p40, presenting a robust inverse correlation in severe patients, which was strongly associated with persistent hyperinflammation in 8.3% of moderate pneumonia patients and 59.4% of severe patients. Discussion Aberrant persistence of pulmonary and systemic inflammation might be associated with long COVID-19 sequelae. Our comprehensive analysis of inflammatory mediators in plasmarevealed the complexity of pneumonic inflammation in COVID-19 patients anddefined critical modules responsible for severe pneumonic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeongseok Jeon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Kwang Kang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Deajon, Republic of Korea
| | - Uni Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayoun Kim
- Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nanhee Park
- Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemoon Koh
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Shik Shim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Deajon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Ju Rhee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Deajon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongseok Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Deajon, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Jinyoung Lim
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsu Kim
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Young Ha
- Chungnam National University Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute, Deajon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Yeong Jo
- Division of Healthcare and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Cheol Kim
- Division of Healthcare and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Lee
- Division of Healthcare and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Shon
- Department of Biohealth Regulatory Science, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Biohealth Regulatory Science, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.,Biopharmaceutical Convergence Major, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Jeon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Soo Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Woo Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Murim Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Young Park
- Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Geninus Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Sook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Deajon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Endemic Diseases, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.,Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
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15
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Relationship of Serum IL-12 to Inflammation, Hematoma Volume, and Prognosis in Patients With Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Emerg Med Int 2022; 2022:8688413. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/8688413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. Inflammatory cascades and hematomas after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) cause brain tissue and neuronal damage. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) promotes brain inflammation, and regulates coagulation mediated by red blood cells and platelets. This study was designed to investigate the relationship of serum IL-12 to inflammation, hematoma volume, and prognosis in ICH patients. Methods. We recruited patients with ICH within 12 hours of symptom onset (n = 209) and measured their serum IL-12 levels. Patients with an increased National Institute of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) score ≥4 were defined as early neurological deterioration, and modified rankin scale (mRS) score >2 at 3 months after intracerebral hemorrhage was defined as poor prognosis. Results. Levels of serum IL-12 was positively correlated with the admission of NIHSS scores (r = 0.535,
), hematoma volume (r = 0.608,
), serum CRP levels (r = 0.561,
), and serum TNF-α levels (r = 0.533,
) in 209 cases ICH patients. Levels of IL-12 in ICH patients with early neurological deterioration (median: 82.9 versus 65.8,
) or with poor prognosis (median: 79.0 versus 65.3,
) were all significantly higher than those in other ICH patients. In addition, serum IL-12 levels could be used to differentiate ICH patients at risk for early neurological deterioration with an AUC of 0.788 (95% CI: 0.717–0.858) or ICH patients at risk for suffering from an unfavorable outcome with an AUC of 0.787 (95% CI: 0.722–0.851). Conclusion. Elevated admission serum IL-12 levels are closely related to the inflammation, hematoma volume, and prognosis in ICH patients. Substantializing serum IL-12 levels is a prognostic biomarker for ICH.
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16
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Składanowska K, Bloch Y, Strand J, White KF, Hua J, Aldridge D, Welin M, Logan DT, Soete A, Merceron R, Murphy C, Provost M, Bazan JF, Hunter CA, Hill JA, Savvides SN. Structural basis of activation and antagonism of receptor signaling mediated by interleukin-27. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111490. [PMID: 36261006 PMCID: PMC9597551 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-27 (IL-27) uniquely assembles p28 and EBI3 subunits to a heterodimeric cytokine that signals via IL-27Rα and gp130. To provide the structural framework for receptor activation by IL-27 and its emerging therapeutic targeting, we report here crystal structures of mouse IL-27 in complex with IL-27Rα and of human IL-27 in complex with SRF388, a monoclonal antibody undergoing clinical trials with oncology indications. One face of the helical p28 subunit interacts with EBI3, while the opposite face nestles into the interdomain elbow of IL-27Rα to juxtapose IL-27Rα to EBI3. This orients IL-27Rα for paired signaling with gp130, which only uses its immunoglobulin domain to bind to IL-27. Such a signaling complex is distinct from those mediated by IL-12 and IL-23. The SRF388 binding epitope on IL-27 overlaps with the IL-27Rα interaction site explaining its potent antagonistic properties. Collectively, our findings will facilitate the mechanistic interrogation, engineering, and therapeutic targeting of IL-27.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Składanowska
- Unit for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Unit for Structural Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yehudi Bloch
- Unit for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Unit for Structural Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jamie Strand
- Surface Oncology, 50 Hampshire Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kerry F White
- Surface Oncology, 50 Hampshire Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jing Hua
- Surface Oncology, 50 Hampshire Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Daniel Aldridge
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Martin Welin
- SARomics Biostructures AB, Medicon Village, Scheelevägen 2, 223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - Derek T Logan
- SARomics Biostructures AB, Medicon Village, Scheelevägen 2, 223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - Arne Soete
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Romain Merceron
- Unit for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Unit for Structural Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Casey Murphy
- Unit for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Unit for Structural Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mathias Provost
- Unit for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Unit for Structural Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - J Fernando Bazan
- Unit for Structural Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; ħ Bioconsulting, Stillwater, MN, USA
| | - Christopher A Hunter
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan A Hill
- Surface Oncology, 50 Hampshire Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Savvas N Savvides
- Unit for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Unit for Structural Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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17
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Liu M, Wang Z, Zhang J, Ye D, Wang M, Xu Y, Zhao M, Feng Y, Lu X, Pan H, Pan W, Wei C, Tian D, Li W, Lyu J, Ye J, Wan J. IL-12p40 deletion aggravates lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiac dysfunction in mice. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:950029. [PMID: 36186987 PMCID: PMC9523082 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.950029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundCardiac dysfunction is one of the most common complications of sepsis and is associated with the adverse outcomes and high mortality of sepsis patients. IL-12p40, the common subunit of IL-12 and IL-23, has been shown to be involved in a variety of inflammation-related diseases, such as psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease. However, the role of IL-12p40 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cardiac dysfunction remains obscure. This study aimed to explore the role of IL-12p40 in LPS-induced cardiac dysfunction and its potential mechanisms.MethodsIn this study, mice were treated with LPS and the cardiac expression of IL-12p40 was determined. Then, IL-12p40–/– mice were used to detect the role and mechanisms of IL-12p40 in LPS-induced cardiac injury. In addition, monocytes were adoptively transferred to IL-12p40–/– mice to explore their effects on LPS-induced cardiac dysfunction.ResultsThe results showed that cardiac IL-12p40 expression was significantly increased after treated with LPS. In addition, IL-12p40 deletion significantly aggravated LPS-induced cardiac dysfunction, evidenced by the increased serum levels of cardiomyocyte injury markers and heart injury scores, as well as by the deteriorated cardiac function. Moreover, IL-12p40 deletion increased LPS-induced monocyte accumulation and cardiac expression of inflammatory cytokines, as well as enhanced the activation of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Furthermore, adoptive transfer WT mouse monocytes to IL-12p40−/− mice alleviated LPS-induced cardiac dysfunction and decreased the phosphorylation of p65.ConclusionIL-12p40 deletion significantly aggravated LPS-induced cardiac injury and cardiac dysfunction in mice by regulating the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, and this process was related to monocytes. Therefore, IL-12p40 show a protective role in SIC, and IL-12p40 deficiency or anti-IL-12p40 monoclonal antibodies may be detrimental to patients with SIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Liu
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jishou Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Menglong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongqi Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiyi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Tian
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjun Lyu
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Jing Ye
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Wan
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18
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Datola A, Melchiorre M, Baroni F, Iozzino L, Palmese A. Characterization of disulfide bridges pattern of recombinant human interleukin 12 fusion protein p40 subunit and identification and quantification of cysteinylated free cysteine 252. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2022; 36:e9313. [PMID: 35411965 PMCID: PMC10078324 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE We show evidence of cysteinylation on Cys252 of recombinant human p40 subunit of interleukin 12 (IL-12). This was reported in 1996. However, no paper detailing this concept has been published yet. Our paper reports the quantification of Cys252 cysteinylation as well as the full disulfide bridges assignment by nonreducing peptide mapping using mass spectrometry (MS) detection. METHODS Nonreducing peptide mapping was applied for disulfide bridges assignment. This study presents an ad hoc method in which applying a neutral pH in the presence of an alkylating agent allowed to mitigate the formation of artifacts such as reshuffled disulfide bridges and permitted the detection of free cysteine. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-MS analysis was performed on a Waters quadrupole time-of-flight Xevo G2-XS mass spectrometer acquiring data in MSE mode. MS data were processed using Expressionist MS Refiner 13.5 (Genedata). RESULTS Scouting experiments were performed using two batches of drug substance. An in-depth study of the LC tandem mass spectrometry profiles revealed the presence of additional species related to "free" Cys252; this cysteine residue was also detected in its S-cysteinylated and S-homocysteinylated forms. This result is consistent with that reported in literature so far. The relative abundance of overall "cysteinylated" species resulted in the range between 46% and 36%, which has also been confirmed using orthogonal techniques such as Ellman's assay. CONCLUSIONS Our data clearly demonstrate that the free cysteine (Cys252) on the p40 subunit of recombinant IL-12 is also present in its cysteinylated and homocysteinylated forms at a considerable rate. Our observations, although based on results obtained on an IL-12-derived fusion protein, are consistent with the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Datola
- Analytical Development Biotech, Characterization and Innovative Analytics UnitGlobal Healthcare Operations, A Business of Merck KGaADarmstadtGermany
- Merck Serono S.p.A. Via Luigi EinaudiRomeItaly
| | - Maura Melchiorre
- Analytical Development Biotech, Characterization and Innovative Analytics UnitGlobal Healthcare Operations, A Business of Merck KGaADarmstadtGermany
- Merck Serono S.p.A. Via Luigi EinaudiRomeItaly
| | - Fabio Baroni
- Analytical Development Biotech, Characterization and Innovative Analytics UnitGlobal Healthcare Operations, A Business of Merck KGaADarmstadtGermany
- Merck Serono S.p.A. Via Luigi EinaudiRomeItaly
| | - Luisa Iozzino
- Analytical Development Biotech, Characterization and Innovative Analytics UnitGlobal Healthcare Operations, A Business of Merck KGaADarmstadtGermany
- Merck Serono S.p.A. Via Luigi EinaudiRomeItaly
| | - Angelo Palmese
- Analytical Development Biotech, Characterization and Innovative Analytics UnitGlobal Healthcare Operations, A Business of Merck KGaADarmstadtGermany
- Merck Serono S.p.A. Via Luigi EinaudiRomeItaly
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19
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Wu JH, Imadojemu S, Caplan AS. The Evolving Landscape of Cutaneous Sarcoidosis: Pathogenic Insight, Clinical Challenges, and New Frontiers in Therapy. Am J Clin Dermatol 2022; 23:499-514. [PMID: 35583850 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-022-00693-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disorder of unknown etiology characterized by accumulation of granulomas in affected tissue. Cutaneous manifestations are among the most common extrapulmonary manifestations in sarcoidosis and can lead to disfiguring disease requiring chronic therapy. In many patients, skin disease may be the first recognized manifestation of sarcoidosis, necessitating a thorough evaluation for systemic involvement. Although the precise etiology of sarcoidosis and the pathogenic mechanisms leading to granuloma formation, persistence, or resolution remain unclear, recent research has led to significant advances in our understanding of this disease. This article reviews recent advances in epidemiology, sarcoidosis clinical assessment with a focus on the dermatologist's role, disease pathogenesis, and new therapies in use and under investigation for cutaneous and systemic sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie H Wu
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 240 East 38th Street, 11th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Sotonye Imadojemu
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Avrom S Caplan
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 240 East 38th Street, 11th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- New York University Sarcoidosis Program, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Medovic MV, Jakovljevic VL, Zivkovic VI, Jeremic NS, Jeremic JN, Bolevich SB, Ravic Nikolic AB, Milicic VM, Srejovic IM. Psoriasis between Autoimmunity and Oxidative Stress: Changes Induced by Different Therapeutic Approaches. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2249834. [PMID: 35313642 PMCID: PMC8934232 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2249834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is defined as chronic, immune-mediated disease. Regardless of the development of new therapeutic approaches, the precise etiology of psoriasis remains unknown and speculative. The aim of this review was to systematize the results of previous research on the role of oxidative stress and aberrant immune response in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, as well as the impact of certain therapeutic modalities on the oxidative status in patients with psoriasis. Complex immune pathways of both the innate and adaptive immune systems appear to be major pathomechanisms in the development of psoriasis. Oxidative stress represents another important contributor to the pathophysiology of disease, and the redox imbalance in psoriasis has been reported in skin cells and, systemically, in plasma and blood cells, and more recently, also in saliva. Current immune model of psoriasis begins with activation of immune system in susceptible person by some environmental factor and loss of immune tolerance to psoriasis autoantigens. Increased production of IL-17 appears to be the most prominent role in psoriasis pathogenesis, while IL-23 is recognized as master regulator in psoriasis having a specific role in cross bridging the production of IL-17 by innate and acquired immunity. Other proinflammatory cytokines, including IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-22, IL-26, IL-29, or IL-36, have also been reported to play important roles in the development of psoriasis. Oxidative stress can promote inflammation through several signaling pathways. The most noticeable and most powerful antioxidative effects exert various biologics compared to more convenient therapeutic modalities, such as methotrexate or phototherapy. The complex interaction of redox, immune, and inflammatory signaling pathways should be focused on further researches tackling the pathophysiology of psoriasis, while antioxidative supplementation could be the solution in some refractory cases of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija V. Medovic
- Department of Dermatovenerology, University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Zmaj Jovina 30, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Lj. Jakovljevic
- Department of Physiology, University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Department of Human Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Trubetskaya Str. 2, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir I. Zivkovic
- Department of Physiology, University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nevena S. Jeremic
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jovana N. Jeremic
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sergey B. Bolevich
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Department of Human Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Trubetskaya Str. 2, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ana B. Ravic Nikolic
- Department of Dermatovenerology, University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Zmaj Jovina 30, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vesna M. Milicic
- Department of Dermatovenerology, University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Zmaj Jovina 30, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivan M. Srejovic
- Department of Physiology, University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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Garcillán B, Salavert M, Regueiro JR, Díaz-Castroverde S. Response to Vaccines in Patients with Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases: A Narrative Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:297. [PMID: 35214755 PMCID: PMC8877652 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease, are at increased risk of infection. International guidelines recommend vaccination to limit this risk of infection, although live attenuated vaccines are contraindicated once immunosuppressive therapy has begun. Biologic therapies used to treat IMIDs target the immune system to stop chronic pathogenic process but may also attenuate the protective immune response to vaccines. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding vaccine responses in IMID patients receiving treatment with biologic therapies, with a focus on the interleukin (IL)-12/23 inhibitors. B cell-depleting therapies, such as rituximab, strongly impair vaccines immunogenicity, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors and the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) fusion protein abatacept are also associated with attenuated antibody responses, which are further diminished in patients taking concomitant immunosuppressants. On the other hand, integrin, IL-6, IL-12/23, IL-17, and B-cell activating factor (BAFF) inhibitors do not appear to affect the immune response to several vaccines evaluated. Importantly, treatment with biologic therapies in IMID patients is not associated with an increased risk of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or developing severe disease. However, the efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines on IMID patients may be reduced compared with healthy individuals. The impact of biologic therapies on the response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines seems to replicate what has been described for other vaccines. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination appears to be safe and well tolerated in IMID patients. Attenuated but, in general, still protective responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in the context of certain therapies warrant current recommendations for a third primary dose in IMID patients treated with immunosuppressive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel Salavert
- Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, La Fe Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
| | - José R. Regueiro
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University, 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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Lay CS, Bridges A, Goulding J, Briddon SJ, Soloviev Z, Craggs PD, Hill SJ. Probing the binding of interleukin-23 to individual receptor components and the IL-23 heteromeric receptor complex in living cells using NanoBRET. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:19-29.e6. [PMID: 34038748 PMCID: PMC8790524 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-23 (IL-23) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in the host defense against pathogens but is also implicated in the development of several autoimmune disorders. The IL-23 receptor has become a key target for drug discovery, but the exact mechanism of the receptor ligand interaction remains poorly understood. In this study the affinities of IL-23 for its individual receptor components (IL23R and IL12Rβ1) and the heteromeric complex formed between them have been measured in living cells using NanoLuciferase-tagged full-length proteins. Here, we demonstrate that TAMRA-tagged IL-23 has a greater than 7-fold higher affinity for IL12Rβ1 than IL23R. However, in the presence of both receptor subunits, IL-23 affinity is increased more than three orders of magnitude to 27 pM. Furthermore, we show that IL-23 induces a potent change in the position of the N-terminal domains of the two receptor subunits, consistent with a conformational change in the heteromeric receptor structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles S Lay
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, UK; Medicine Design, Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Angela Bridges
- Protein and Cellular Sciences, Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Joelle Goulding
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
| | - Stephen J Briddon
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
| | - Zoja Soloviev
- Protein and Cellular Sciences, Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Peter D Craggs
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK; GSK-Francis Crick Institute Linklabs, Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK.
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, UK.
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23
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Lee SY, Moon SJ, Moon YM, Seo HB, Ryu JG, Lee AR, Lee CR, Kim DS, Her YM, Choi JW, Kwok SK, Park SH, Cho ML. A novel cytokine consisting of the p40 and EBI3 subunits suppresses experimental autoimmune arthritis via reciprocal regulation of Th17 and Treg cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 19:79-91. [PMID: 34782759 PMCID: PMC8752814 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00798-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The interleukin (IL)-12 cytokine family is closely related to the development of T helper cells, which are responsible for autoimmune disease enhancement or suppression. IL-12 family members are generally heterodimers and share three α-subunits (p35, p19, and p28) and two β-subunits (p40 and EBI3). However, a β-sheet p40 homodimer has been shown to exist and antagonize IL-12 and IL-23 signaling 1. Therefore, we assumed the existence of a p40-EBI3 heterodimer in nature and sought to investigate its role in immune regulation. METHODS The presence of the p40-EBI3 heterodimer was confirmed by ELISA, immunoprecipitation, and western blotting. A p40-EBI3 vector and p40-EBI3-Fc protein were synthesized to confirm the immunological role of this protein in mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). The anti-inflammatory effects of p40-EBI3 were analyzed with regard to clinical, histological, and immune cell-regulating features in mice with CIA. RESULTS Clinical arthritis scores and the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-17, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) were significantly attenuated in p40-EBI3-overexpressing and p40-EBI3-Fc-treated mice with CIA compared to vehicle-treated mice with CIA. Structural joint damage and vessel formation-related gene expression were also reduced by p40-EBI3 heterodimer treatment. In vitro, the p40-EBI3-Fc protein significantly suppressed the differentiation of Th17 cells and reciprocally induced CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ (regulatory T) cells. p40-EBI3 also inhibited osteoclast formation in a concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSION In this study, p40-EBI3 ameliorated proinflammatory conditions both in vivo and in vitro. We propose that p40-EBI3 is a novel anti-inflammatory cytokine involved in suppressing the immune response through the expansion of Treg cells and suppression of Th17 cells and osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Yeong Lee
- The Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su-Jin Moon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Mee Moon
- The Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Beom Seo
- The Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun-Geol Ryu
- The Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - A Ram Lee
- The Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chae Rim Lee
- The Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Da-Som Kim
- The Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yang-Mi Her
- The Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Won Choi
- The Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Kwok
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi-La Cho
- The Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Medical Lifescience, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
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Georgy J, Arlt Y, Moll JM, Ouzin M, Weitz HT, Gremer L, Willbold D, Grötzinger J, Thives-Kurenbach F, Scheller J, Floss DM. Tryptophan (W) at position 37 of murine IL-12/IL-23 p40 is mandatory for binding to IL-12Rβ1 and subsequent signal transduction. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101295. [PMID: 34637790 PMCID: PMC8571081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23 are composite cytokines consisting of p35/p40 and p19/p40, respectively, which signal via the common IL-12 receptor β1 (IL-12Rβ1) and the cytokine-specific receptors IL-12Rβ2 and IL-23R. Previous data showed that the p40 component interacts with IL-12Rβ1, whereas p19 and p35 subunits solely bind to IL-23R and IL-12Rβ2, resulting in tetrameric signaling complexes. In the absence of p19 and p35, p40 forms homodimers and may induce signaling via IL-12Rβ1 homodimers. The critical amino acids of p19 and p35 required for binding to IL-23R and IL-12Rβ2 are known, and two regions of p40 critical for binding to IL-12Rβ1 have recently been identified. In order to characterize the involvement of the N-terminal region of p40 in binding to IL-12Rβ1, we generated deletion variants of the p40-p19 fusion cytokine. We found that an N-terminal deletion variant missing amino acids M23 to P39 failed to induce IL-23-dependent signaling and did not bind to IL-12Rβ1, whereas binding to IL-23R was maintained. Amino acid replacements showed that p40W37K largely abolished IL-23-induced signal transduction and binding to IL-12Rβ1, but not binding to IL-23R. Combining p40W37K with D36K and T38K mutations eliminated the biological activity of IL-23. Finally, homodimeric p40D36K/W37K/T38K did not interact with IL-12Rβ1, indicating binding of homodimeric p40 to IL-12Rβ1 is comparable to the interaction of IL-23/IL-12 and IL-12Rβ1. In summary, we have defined D36, W37, and T38 as hotspot amino acids for the interaction of IL-12/IL-23 p40 with IL-12Rβ1. Structural insights into cytokine–cytokine receptor binding are important to develop novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Georgy
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yvonne Arlt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens M Moll
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Meryem Ouzin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hendrik T Weitz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lothar Gremer
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry) and JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dieter Willbold
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry) and JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Joachim Grötzinger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Felix Thives-Kurenbach
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Scheller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Doreen M Floss
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Hofbauer Cells Spread Listeria monocytogenes among Placental Cells and Undergo Pro-Inflammatory Reprogramming while Retaining Production of Tolerogenic Factors. mBio 2021; 12:e0184921. [PMID: 34399615 PMCID: PMC8406333 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01849-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnant women are highly susceptible to infection by the bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes, leading to miscarriage, premature birth, and neonatal infection. L. monocytogenes is thought to breach the placental barrier by infecting trophoblasts at the maternal/fetal interface. However, the fate of L. monocytogenes within chorionic villi and how infection reaches the fetus are unsettled. Hofbauer cells (HBCs) are fetal placental macrophages and the only leukocytes residing in healthy chorionic villi, forming a last immune barrier protecting fetal blood from infection. Little is known about the HBCs’ antimicrobial responses to pathogens. Here, we studied L. monocytogenes interaction with human primary HBCs. Remarkably, despite their M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype at basal state, HBCs phagocytose and kill non-pathogenic bacteria like Listeria innocua and display low susceptibility to infection by L. monocytogenes. However, L. monocytogenes can exploit HBCs to spread to surrounding placental cells. Transcriptomic analyses by RNA sequencing revealed that HBCs undergo pro-inflammatory reprogramming upon L. monocytogenes infection, similarly to macrophages stimulated by the potent M1-polarizing agents lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon gamma (IFN-γ). Infected HBCs also express pro-inflammatory chemokines known to promote placental infiltration by maternal leukocytes. However, HBCs maintain the expression of a collection of tolerogenic genes and secretion of tolerogenic cytokines, consistent with their tissue homeostatic role in prevention of fetal rejection. In conclusion, we propose a previously unrecognized model in which HBCs promote the spreading of L. monocytogenes among placental cells and transition to a pro-inflammatory state likely to favor innate immune responses, while maintaining the expression of tolerogenic factors known to prevent maternal anti-fetal adaptive immunity.
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26
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Hromadová D, Elewaut D, Inman RD, Strobl B, Gracey E. From Science to Success? Targeting Tyrosine Kinase 2 in Spondyloarthritis and Related Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. Front Genet 2021; 12:685280. [PMID: 34290741 PMCID: PMC8287328 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.685280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a family of inflammatory arthritic diseases, which includes the prototypes of psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. SpA is commonly associated with systemic inflammatory diseases, such as psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease. Immunological studies, murine models and the genetics of SpA all indicate a pathogenic role for the IL-23/IL-17 axis. Therapeutics targeting the IL-23/IL-17 pathway are successful at providing symptomatic relief, but may not provide complete protection against progression of arthritis. Thus there is still tremendous interest in the discovery of novel therapeutic targets for SpA. Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) is a member of the Janus kinases, which mediate intracellular signaling of cytokines via signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) activation. TYK2 plays a crucial role in mediating IL-23 receptor signaling and STAT3 activation. A plethora of natural mutations in and around TYK2 have provided a wealth of data to associate this kinase with autoimmune/autoinflammatory diseases in humans. Induced and natural mutations in murine Tyk2 largely support human data; however, key inter-species differences exist, which means extrapolation of data from murine models to humans needs to be done with caution. Despite these reservations, novel selective TYK2 inhibitors are now proving successful in advanced clinical trials of inflammatory diseases. In this review, we will discuss TYK2 from basic biology to therapeutic targeting, with an emphasis on studies in SpA. Seminal studies uncovering the basic science of TYK2 have provided sound foundations for targeting it in SpA and related inflammatory diseases. TYK2 inhibitors may well be the next blockbuster therapeutic for SpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Hromadová
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dirk Elewaut
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Unit, VIB Centre for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robert D. Inman
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Medicine and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eric Gracey
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Unit, VIB Centre for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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27
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Scheller J, Berg A, Moll JM, Floss DM, Jungesblut C. Current status and relevance of single nucleotide polymorphisms in IL-6-/IL-12-type cytokine receptors. Cytokine 2021; 148:155550. [PMID: 34217594 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines control immune related events and are critically involved in a plethora of patho-physiological processes including autoimmunity and cancer development. In rare cases, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or single nucleotide variations (SNVs) in cytokine receptors eventually cause detrimental ligand-independent, constitutive activation of signal transduction. Most SNPs have, however, no or only marginal influences on gene expression, protein stability, localization and function and thereby only slightly affecting pathogenesis probability. The SNP database (dbSNP) is an archive for a broad collection of polymorphisms in which SNPs are categorized and marked with a locus accession number "reference SNP" (rs). Here, we engineered an algorithm to directly align dbSNP information to DNA and protein sequence information to clearly illustrate a genetic SNP landscape exemplified for all tall cytokine receptors of the IL-6/IL-12 family, including IL-23R, IL-12Rβ1, IL-12Rβ2, gp130, LIFR, OSMR and WSX-1. This information was complemented by a comprehensive literature summary and structural insights of relevant disease-causing SNPs in cytokine/cytokine receptor interfaces. In summary, we present a general strategy with potential to apply to other cytokine receptor networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Scheller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Anna Berg
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens M Moll
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Doreen M Floss
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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28
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Gaglio SC, Donini M, Denbaes PE, Dusi S, Perduca M. Oxyresveratrol Inhibits R848-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Mediators Release by Human Dendritic Cells Even When Embedded in PLGA Nanoparticles. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082106. [PMID: 33916909 PMCID: PMC8067564 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxyresveratrol, a stilbene extracted from the plant Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb., has been reported to provide a considerable anti-inflammatory activity. Since the mechanisms of this therapeutic action have been poorly clarified, we investigated whether oxyresveratrol affects the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12, IL-6, and TNF-α by human dendritic cells (DCs). We found that oxyresveratrol did not elicit per se the release of these cytokines, but inhibited their secretion induced upon DC stimulation with R848 (Resiquimod), a well-known immune cell activator engaging receptors recognizing RNA viruses. We then investigated whether the inclusion of oxyresveratrol into nanoparticles promoting its ingestion by DCs could favor its effects on cytokine release. For this purpose we synthesized and characterized poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles, and we assessed their effects on DCs. We found that bare PLGA nanoparticles did not affect cytokine secretion by resting DCs, but increased IL-12, IL-6, and TNF-α secretion by R848-stimulated DCs, an event known as “priming effect”. We then loaded PLGA nanoparticles with oxyresveratrol and we observed that oxyresveratrol-bearing particles did not stimulate the cytokine release by resting DCs and inhibited the PLGA-dependent enhancement of IL-12, IL-6, and TNF-α secretion by R848-stimulated DCs. The results herein reported indicate that oxyresveratrol suppresses the cytokine production by activated DCs, thus representing a good anti-inflammatory and immune-suppressive agent. Moreover, its inclusion into PLGA nanoparticles mitigates the pro-inflammatory effects due to cooperation between nanoparticles and R848 in cytokine release. Therefore, oxyresveratrol can be able to contrast the synergistic effects of nanoparticles with microorganisms that could be present in the patient tissues, therefore overcoming a condition unfavorable to the use of some nanoparticles in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Calogero Gaglio
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.C.G.); (P.E.D.)
| | - Marta Donini
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Piyachat Evelyn Denbaes
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.C.G.); (P.E.D.)
| | - Stefano Dusi
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (M.P.); Tel.: +39-045-802-7124 (S.D.); +39-045-802-7984 (M.P.)
| | - Massimiliano Perduca
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.C.G.); (P.E.D.)
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (M.P.); Tel.: +39-045-802-7124 (S.D.); +39-045-802-7984 (M.P.)
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The immunological impact of adenovirus early genes on vaccine-induced responses in mice and nonhuman primates. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.02253-20. [PMID: 33441339 PMCID: PMC8092689 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02253-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus (Ad) is being explored for use in the prevention and treatment of a variety of infectious diseases and cancers. Ad with a deletion in early region 3 (ΔE3) provokes a stronger immune response than Ad with deletions in early regions 1 and E3 (ΔE1/ΔE3). The ΔE1/ΔE3 Ads are more popular because they can carry a larger transgene and because of the deleted E1 (E1A and E1B), are perceived safer for clinical use. Ad with a deletion in E1B55K (ΔE1B55K) has been in phase III clinical trials for use in cancer therapy in the US and has been approved for use in head and neck tumor therapy in China, demonstrating that Ad containing E1A are safe for clinical use. We have shown previously that ΔE1B55K Ad, even while promoting lower levels of an inserted transgene, promoted similar levels of transgene-specific immune responses as a ΔE3 Ad. Products of the Ad early region 4 (E4) limit the ability of cells to mount an innate immune response. Using this knowledge, we deleted the Ad E4 open reading frames 1-4 (E4orf1-4) from the ΔE1B55K Ad. Here, we show that innate cytokine network genes are elevated in the ΔE4 Ad-infected cells beyond that of ΔE3 Ad-infected cells. Further, in immunized mice the IgG2a subclass was favored as was the IgG1 subclass in immunized nonhuman primates. Thus, Ad E4 impacts immune responses in cells, in immunized mice, and immunized nonhuman primates. These Ad may offer advantages that are beneficial for clinical use.Importance: Adenovirus (Ad) is being explored for use in the prevention and treatment of a variety of infectious diseases and cancers. Here we provide evidence in cells, mice, and nonhuman primates supporting the notion that Ad early gene-products limit specific immune responses. Ad constructed with deletions in early genes and expressing HIV envelope protein was shown to induce greater HIV-specific cellular immune responses and higher titer antibodies compared to the parental Ad with the early genes. In addition to eliciting enhanced immunity, the deleted Ad possesses more space for insertion of additional or larger transgenes needed for targeting other infectious agents or cancers.
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Woś I, Tabarkiewicz J. Effect of interleukin-6, -17, -21, -22, and -23 and STAT3 on signal transduction pathways and their inhibition in autoimmune arthritis. Immunol Res 2021; 69:26-42. [PMID: 33515210 PMCID: PMC7921069 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-021-09173-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatic diseases are complex autoimmune diseases which include among others rheumatoid arthritis (RA), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). These diseases are characterized by prolonged and increased secretion of inflammatory factors, eventually leading to inflammation. This is often accompanied by persistent pain and stiffness in the joint and finally bone destruction and osteoporosis. These diseases can occur at any age, regardless of gender or origin. Autoimmune arthritis is admittedly associated with long-term treatment, and discontinuation of medication is associated with unavoidable relapse. Therefore, it is important to detect the disease at an early stage and apply appropriate preventative measures. During inflammation, pro-inflammatory factors such as interleukins (IL)-6, -17, -21, -22, and -23 are secreted, while anti-inflammatory factors including IL-10 are downregulated. Research conducted over the past several years has focused on inhibiting inflammatory pathways and activating anti-inflammatory factors to improve the quality of life of people with rheumatic diseases. The aim of this paper is to review current knowledge on stimulatory and inhibitory pathways involving the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). STAT3 has been shown to be one of the crucial factors involved in inflammation and is directly linked with other pro-inflammatory factors and thus is a target of current research on rheumatoid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Woś
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Medicine, Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, College for Medical Sciences of University of Rzeszow, ul. Warzywna 1a, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
- Department of Human Immunology, Institute of Medical Sciences, College for Medical Sciences of University of Rzeszow, ul. Warzywna 1a, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Jacek Tabarkiewicz
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Medicine, Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, College for Medical Sciences of University of Rzeszow, ul. Warzywna 1a, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
- Department of Human Immunology, Institute of Medical Sciences, College for Medical Sciences of University of Rzeszow, ul. Warzywna 1a, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
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Aberrant Methylation of miR-34b and IL-12B mRNA Promoters Contributes to the Reduced Severity of Ankylosing Spondylitis. Biochem Genet 2021; 59:714-730. [PMID: 33512625 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-020-10023-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation of Interleukin-12B (IL-12B) and miR-34b was proved to affect the expression of IL-12B and miR-34b, which were found to be involved in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of IL-12B and miR-34b in AS remain to be explored. AS patients were divided into four groups according to their status of DNA methylation of miR-34b and IL-12B by bisulfite sequencing: HYPER-miR-34b + HYPO-IL-12B, HYPER-miR-34b + HYPER-IL-12B, HYPO-miR-34b + HYPER-IL-12B and HYPO-miR-34b + HYPO-IL-12B groups. Functional indicators were examined for patients with different status of DNA methylation in their miR-34b and IL-12B promoters. QPCR was performed to examine the expression of miR-34b and IL-12B mRNA under different conditions. ELISA was used to measure the expression of IL-12B p40 in the peripheral blood. Western blot was used to analyze the expression of IL-12B proteins. Luciferase assay was carried out to explore the suppressive role of miR-34b in IL-12B expression. The level of Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score with C-reactive protein (ASDAS-CRP) was gradually increased in HYPER-miR-34b + HYPO-IL-12B,HYPER-miR-34b + HYPER-IL-12B,HYPO-miR-34b + HYPER-IL-12B and HYPO-miR-34b + HYPO-IL-12B groups, whereas the levels of Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI) were significantly elevated in the HYPO-miR-34b + HYPO-IL-12B group and diminished in the HYPER-miR-34b + HYPO-IL-12B group. The expression of miR-34b in the PBMCs and peripheral blood was remarkably higher in the HYPER-miR-34b + HYPO-IL-12B and HYPER-miR-34b + HYPER-IL-12B groups, whereas the expression of IL-12B was gradually decreased in the HYPER-miR-34b + HYPO-IL-12B, HYPER-miR-34b + HYPER-IL-12B, HYPO-miR-34b + HYPER-IL-12B and HYPO-miR-34b + HYPO-IL-12B groups. Luciferase assays with the transfection of miR-34b precursors suggested that miR-34b strongly suppressed the expression of IL-12B in THP-1 cells. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that hypermethylated miR-34b promoter led to evident upregulation of miR-34b, thus inhibiting the expression of IL-12B and alleviated the severity of ankylosing spondylitis by reducing the levels of factors including ASDAS-CRP, BASFI and BASMI.
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