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Moroń M, Jach Ł, Jonason PK. Motivations to Enhance One's Facial Hair: Affiliation, Rivalry, and Stress. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2024; 53:3229-3237. [PMID: 38886250 PMCID: PMC11335829 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-024-02919-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Facial hair is a sexually dimorphic trait with potential evolutionary and sociocultural functions. Bearded men are perceived as dominant, aggressive, and masculine, but also as having better parenting skills. Men may intentionally manage the amount and shape of their facial hair as a part of their self-promotion strategy; however, facial hair management entails costs in terms of time, effort, and money. We explored psychological factors associated with facial hair enhancement motivation among men. A total of 414 men (aged 18-40 years) reported the current amount of their facial hair along with their facial hair enhancement motivations, gender role stress, intrasexual competitiveness, and fundamental social motives. Willingness to care for facial hair was associated with the amount of facial hair men claimed to have and correlated with the fundamental social motives of affiliation and social status, intrasexual competition, and gender role stress. Therefore, facial hair enhancement may be regarded as a self-presentation strategy aimed at acquiring a beneficial position in social networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Moroń
- Institute of Psychology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Grażyńskiego Street 53, 40-126, Katowice, Poland
| | - Łukasz Jach
- Institute of Psychology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Grażyńskiego Street 53, 40-126, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Peter K Jonason
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Cross-Cultural Psychology Centre, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Warsaw, Poland
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Yao Q. Concepts and Reasoning: a Conceptual Review and Analysis of Logical Issues in Empirical Social Science Research. Integr Psychol Behav Sci 2024; 58:502-530. [PMID: 37421547 DOI: 10.1007/s12124-023-09792-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
A substantial number of social science studies have shown a lack of conceptual clarity, inadequate understanding of the nature of the empirical research approaches, and undue preference for deduction, which have caused much confusion, created paradigmatic incommensurability, and impeded scientific advancement. This study, through conceptual review and analysis of canonical discussions of concepts and the reasoning approaches of deduction and induction and their applications in social science theorization by philosophers and social scientists, is purported to unveil the logical nature of empirical research and examine the legitimacy of the preference of deduction among social scientists. The findings note that conceptual clarity as the foundation of social science research, exchange, and replication can be achieved through interdisciplinary stress of conceptual analyses to establish universal measurements and that the primacy of deduction in social sciences needs to concede to or be balanced with induction for new knowledge, more discoveries, and scientific advancement. The study recommends that institutions and researchers of social sciences invest more in conceptual analysis and inductive research through collaboration and separate efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjiang Yao
- Department of Communication & Media, Lamar University, P.O. Box 10050, Beaumont, TX, 77710, USA.
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3
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Guzman S, Melara RD. Effects of Covid-19-related anxiety on overeating and weight gain in a diverse college sample. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38579128 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2024.2337009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic has been linked with caloric overeating and weight gain. We employed a mediation analysis to determine whether pandemic-associated overeating was a direct effect of Covid-19-related anxiety (affect regulation theory) or mediated by a coping mechanism of escape eating (escape theory). A diverse pool of college students participated in a repeated cross-sectional study during three separate waves: May 2021 (wave 1, n = 349), December 2021 (wave 2, n = 253), and March 2022 (wave 3, n = 132). The results revealed a significant indirect effect of Covid-19-related anxiety on high-caloric overeating mediated by escape eating, but no direct path between Covid-19-related anxiety and caloric overeating. Analysis of racial/ethnic status uncovered significantly greater Covid-weight gain in Hispanic participants compared with White, Black, and Asian participants. Our results suggest that Covid-19 weight gain is a byproduct of a mediated escape mechanism differentially affecting racial/ethnic groups.
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Villanueva J, Meyer AH, Block VJ, Benoy C, Bader K, Brogli S, Karekla M, Walter M, Haller E, Lang UE, Gloster AT. How mood is affected by environment and upsetting events: The moderating role of psychological flexibility. Psychother Res 2024; 34:490-502. [PMID: 37257198 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2023.2215392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients suffering from psychological disorders report decreased quality of life and low mood. The relationship of these symptoms to daily upsetting events or environments, and in the context of active coping mechanisms is poorly understood. The present study thus investigates the association between mood, psychological flexibility, upsetting events, and environment in the daily life of outpatients. METHOD We investigated 80 outpatients at the beginning of treatment, using event sampling methodology (ESM). Patients' mood, occurrence of upsetting events, current environment, and psychological flexibility were sampled six times per day during a one-week intensive longitudinal examination. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models (LMMs). RESULTS Participants reported worse mood the more upsetting events they experienced. Further, participants reported better mood when in private environments (e.g., with friends), and worse mood when at the hospital, compared to being at home. Higher levels of psychological flexibility, however, were associated with better mood, irrespective of the occurrence of upsetting events or current environment. CONCLUSION Results suggest that mood is positively associated with psychological flexibility, not despite, but especially during the dynamic and context-specific challenges of daily life. Psychological flexibility may thus potentially act as a buffer against distress-provoking situations as patients go about their daily lives. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN.org identifier: ISRCTN11209732.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette Villanueva
- University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea H Meyer
- Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Victoria J Block
- Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Charles Benoy
- Rehabilitation Clinic, Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital Center, Ettelbrück, Luxemburg
| | - Klaus Bader
- University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Brogli
- University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maria Karekla
- Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Marc Walter
- University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Haller
- Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Undine E Lang
- University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrew T Gloster
- Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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5
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Tejeiro R, Romero-Moreno A, Paramio A, Cruces-Montes S, Galán-Artímez MC, Santos-Marroquín J. Maximization delays decision-making in acute care nursing. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5482. [PMID: 38443517 PMCID: PMC10914817 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The maximization personality trait refers to the tendency to face decision-making situations along a continuum from exhaustively analysing all the options (maximize) to choosing the one that exceeds a subjective threshold of acceptability (satisfy). Research has revealed the influence of maximizing on decision making, although little is known about its possible role in high risk and high uncertainty situations. A sample of 153 active Spanish nurses, with an average experience of 11 years, completed a maximization questionnaire and responded to written vignettes depicting time-demanding decision making in which three options were offered, representing delayed action, non-action, and immediate action. Two vignettes presented critical situations related to acute care during the COVID-19 pandemic, whilst two vignettes presented non-nursing scenarios. People high in maximization took longer to choose and were more likely to choose non-action. No relationship was found between maximization score and the subjective experience of the person making the choice. Maximization had no significant correlation with years of experience nor perceived expertise. Greater perceived expertise was associated with lower indecision and greater confidence. When participants answered nursing vignettes, they took longer to respond, but chose less delayed action and more immediate action. Our results suggest that maximization plays only a relative role in acute care decision-making in nursing, as compared to contextual variables and expertise. They also support a domain general approach to this personality trait. Findings are consistent with Nibbelink and Reed's Practice-Primed Decision Model for nursing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Tejeiro
- Department of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Antonio Romero-Moreno
- Instituto Universitario para el Desarrollo Social Sostenible (INDESS), Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Alberto Paramio
- Instituto Universitario para el Desarrollo Social Sostenible (INDESS), Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Serafín Cruces-Montes
- Instituto Universitario para el Desarrollo Social Sostenible (INDESS), Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | | | - Judit Santos-Marroquín
- Instituto Universitario para el Desarrollo Social Sostenible (INDESS), Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
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Bista S, Tait RJ, Straker LM, Lin A, Steinbeck K, Graham PL, Kang M, Lymer S, Robinson M, Marino JL, Skinner SR. Joint developmental trajectories of internalizing and externalizing problems from mid-childhood to late adolescence and childhood risk factors: Findings from a prospective pre-birth cohort. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38174409 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423001505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
There is limited evidence on heterogenous co-developmental trajectories of internalizing (INT) and externalizing (EXT) problems from childhood to adolescence and predictors of these joint trajectories. We utilized longitudinal data from Raine Study participants (n = 2393) to identify these joint trajectories from 5 to 17 years using parallel-process latent class growth analysis and analyze childhood individual and family risk factors predicting these joint trajectories using multinomial logistic regression. Five trajectory classes were identified: Low-problems (Low-INT/Low-EXT, 29%), Moderate Externalizing (Moderate-EXT/Low-INT, 26.5%), Primary Internalizing (Moderate High-INT/Low-EXT, 17.5%), Co-occurring (High-INT/High-EXT, 17%), High Co-occurring (Very High-EXT/High-INT, 10%). Children classified in Co-occurring and High Co-occurring trajectories (27% of the sample) exhibited clinically meaningful co-occurring problem behaviors and experienced more adverse childhood risk-factors than other three trajectories. Compared with Low-problems: parental marital problems, low family income, and absent father predicted Co-occurring and High Co-occurring trajectories; maternal mental health problems commonly predicted Primary Internalizing, Co-occurring, and High Co-occurring trajectories; male sex and parental tobacco-smoking uniquely predicted High Co-occurring membership; other substance smoking uniquely predicted Co-occurring membership; speech difficulty uniquely predicted Primary Internalizing membership; child's temper-tantrums predicted all four trajectories, with increased odds ratios for High Co-occurring (OR = 8.95) and Co-occurring (OR = 6.07). Finding two co-occurring trajectories emphasizes the importance of early childhood interventions addressing comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Bista
- Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert J Tait
- National Drug Research Institute & enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Leon M Straker
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Lin
- The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Katharine Steinbeck
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Petra L Graham
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Melissa Kang
- General Practice Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sharyn Lymer
- Biostatistics Consultant, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Monique Robinson
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Marino
- Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - S Rachel Skinner
- Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
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Summers-Gabr NM, Sato M, Chilenski SM, Villarruel F, Smith P, Henderson C, Newell J, Wilson H, Craig A. Discriminatory Experiences Among Black Youth: How Encounters and Expectations Explain Emotional Well-Being. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2024; 25:31-43. [PMID: 37329411 PMCID: PMC11126461 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-023-01540-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Research suggests that encounters with racism are related to depression in Black youth. However, less is known about how experienced racial discrimination can influence other aspects of well-being among Black youth including their socio-emotional development and behavior. In addition, emerging literature highlights the critical ways anticipated racial discrimination may impact the emotional well-being of Black youth. To address these gaps, the current study assessed whether experienced discrimination was associated with higher levels of internalizing problems (anxiety/depression, suicidal thoughts) and lower levels of socio-emotional development (emotion regulation, prosocial behavior). We then tested whether expected discrimination contributed to similar patterns. Lastly, this study examined how age and gender moderated this relationship. Across eight schools in three communities, 1435 Black youth (56.57% female; 56.40% 10th grade) in 10th and 12th grades responded to the Youth Experience Survey. Using a series of hierarchical linear and hierarchical binary logistic regressions, results found that those who experienced racial discrimination and expected discrimination demonstrated higher internalizing problems and lower socio-emotional development; however, expected discrimination often accounted for more variance than experienced. These findings suggest the multifaceted influence both experienced and expected racial discrimination have on the well-being of Black youth and can provide important insights to community prevention systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Summers-Gabr
- Department of Population Science and Policy, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 201 E. Madison, Springfield, IL, 62702, USA.
| | - Mikiko Sato
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| | - Sarah M Chilenski
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, State College, USA
| | - Francisco Villarruel
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| | - Paula Smith
- Department of Educational Leadership and Policy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
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Nakiganda LJ, Bavinton BR, Poynten IM, Serwadda D, Bazaale JM, Grulich AE. Sexual pleasure and HIV-related worry in female sex workers on oral pre-exposure prophylaxis in south-western Uganda. Sex Health 2024; 21:SH23056. [PMID: 38267368 DOI: 10.1071/sh23056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Female sex workers (FSWs) contribute disproportionately to HIV transmission in Uganda, and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is effective in preventing HIV among cisgender women. Psychological factors are important for PrEP uptake, but few studies have examined psychosocial changes due to PrEP use in Uganda. METHODS In 2021, we recruited 524 FSWs in three Trans-African Highway towns and four fishing communities in south-western Uganda. We conducted structured interviews among women who were attending routine PrEP follow-up visits in six health units. Bivariable and multivariable modified regression using a robust covariance matrix estimator were used to identify factors associated with experiencing increased sexual pleasure and less worry about HIV because of PrEP. RESULTS Overall, 80.9% participants reported that sex was more pleasurable because of taking PrEP. There were statistical trends for sex being more pleasurable when taking PrEP or when having condomless sex with casual paying partners (aPR=1.19, 95% CI=1.07-1.32, P =0.001). Almost three-quarters of the participants (76.3%) were less worried about getting HIV because of PrEP. Condomless sex with casual paying partners (aPR=1.17, 95% CI=1.05-1.31, P =0.032, P =0.003) and being On PrEP for the past 1-2years (aPR=1.18, 95% CI=1.00-1.38, P =0.032) was significantly associated with HIV-related worry (aPR=1.17, 95% CI=1.05-1.31, P =0.032, P =0.003) Conclusions : We found a positive impact of PrEP in Ugandan FSWs on two key psychosocial dimensions: (1) more pleasurable sex; and (2) less worry about acquiring HIV. Interventions aiming to increase PrEP uptake may find it useful to focus on psychosocial dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin R Bavinton
- Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Isobel Mary Poynten
- Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Serwadda
- Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda; and Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Andrew E Grulich
- Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Al Jasser R. A Comparison of Self-Perceived Oral and Facial Esthetics in Patients After Lip Repositioning Surgery With Modified and Conventional Techniques. Cureus 2023; 15:e50206. [PMID: 38192937 PMCID: PMC10772481 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with excessive gingival display (EGD) are treated with lip repositioning surgeries (LRS). This study used a questionnaire to analyze and evaluate how patients who received LRS with modified and traditional techniques perceived their own oral and facial esthetics at various timelines after their surgeries. METHODS An orofacial esthetic questionnaire (OEQ) was used in this cross-sectional study. The participants were patients who underwent LRS for the treatment of their EGD. They were divided into control (n=100) and test (n=100) groups. For the control group, LRS were performed using traditional/conventional techniques, and for the test group, LRS were performed using a modified approach. An OEQ was used to record responses. The scale comprised eight questions targeted to capture participating patients' perceptions about their own oral and facial esthetics at four timelines (baseline and one-month, six-month, and one-year follow-up). Patients responded to each question on a 10-point Likert scale (0: very dissatisfied, 10: very satisfied). Data was analyzed by independent samples T-tests using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 software (IBM SPSS Statistics, Armonk, NY). RESULTS Seven (3.5%) out of the total (N=200) patients were unable to take part in the study's OEQ. At one-year follow-up, the mean and standard deviation (SD) for the test group's gingival display (GD) were 2.48±0.86 mm and 3.77±1.76 mm, respectively, and comparisons revealed that the test group's GD was significantly lower (p=0.000) than the control group. Results from the participant responses to OEQ using the Likert scale at one-year follow-up revealed significant differences between the control and test groups for all questions, except question 5 (p=0.06), as the shape of the teeth will not be affected by LRS. Patients in the test group who underwent LRS with a modified approach have a high level of satisfaction (satisfaction score: >9). Patients in the control group scored their satisfaction less favorably, with certain questions (question 3) receiving scores as low as 0.31. Perception of oral and facial esthetics was significantly higher for the test group at different time points. At one-year follow-up, the mean difference was 4.46, which was the greatest (p=0.000). CONCLUSIONS EGD improved significantly at one year with the modified lip repositioning technique. The satisfaction level of patients with outcomes of the modified lip repositioning was significantly higher as compared to the satisfaction level of patients who underwent the conventional technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Al Jasser
- Periodontics and Community Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
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İsvan N, Bonardi A, Hiersteiner D. Effects of person-centred planning and practices on the health and well-being of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities: a multilevel analysis of linked administrative and survey data. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2023; 67:1249-1269. [PMID: 36808669 DOI: 10.1111/jir.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A person-centred service planning and practice approach (PCP) is one that is driven by service users' individual preferences, needs and priorities. The approach has been identified as a best practice and is codified in US policies that encourage and, in some contexts, require state systems of home and community-based services to adopt and demonstrate person-centred practice. However, there is insufficient research on PCP's direct impact on outcomes for service users. This study aims to contribute to the evidence base in this area by investigating the association between service experiences and outcomes of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) receiving state-funded services. METHODS The data for the study come from the 2018-2019 National Core Indicators® In-Person Survey that links survey responses with administrative records for a sample of 22 000 adults with IDD receiving services from 37 state developmental disabilities (DD) systems. Associations among service experiences and outcomes of survey participants are examined through multilevel regression techniques that include participant-level responses and state-level measures of PCP. The state-level measures are constructed by combining administrative records describing participants' service plans with the priorities and goals they expressed in response to the survey. RESULTS Case managers' (CM) accessibility and attentiveness to individual preferences, as reported by survey participants, are significantly associated with self-reported outcomes such as perceived control over life decisions and sense of health and well-being. Controlling for participants' experiences with their CMs, their reports of the person-centred content of their service plans have net positive associations with outcomes. After accounting for experiences with the service system as reported by participants, the state system's person-centred orientation, measured by the extent to which service plans across the state reflect participants' wishes for improving their social connections, remains a significant predictor of participants' sense of control over their daily lives. CONCLUSIONS This study contributes to the evidence base supporting PCP as a service model by identifying pathways that link person-centred service planning and delivery and person-centred orientation of state systems to positive outcomes reported by adults with IDD and by demonstrating the value of linking survey and administrative data. The key implication of the findings for policy and practice is that an overall person-centred orientation of state DD systems as well as PCP training for people who support planning for and delivery of direct supports will substantially improve the lives of adults with IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- N İsvan
- Human Services Research Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - A Bonardi
- Human Services Research Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - D Hiersteiner
- Human Services Research Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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11
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Rzeszutek M, Gruszczyńska E. Profiles of subjective well-being among people living with HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic. Qual Life Res 2023; 32:3453-3462. [PMID: 37561336 PMCID: PMC10624723 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-023-03493-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of our study was to examine subjective well-being (SWB) profiles and their sociodemographic and clinical correlates among people living with HIV (PLWH) during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS The participants were 663 PLWH undergoing antiretroviral treatment. Their SWB was evaluated using the Satisfaction with Life Scale and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Sociodemographic and clinical covariates, together with COVID-19 distress, were assessed with a self-report survey. RESULTS Latent profile analysis revealed four SWB profiles: average negative, average positive, flourishing and languishing. The languishing profile was the worse in terms of values of SWB components and had a relative overrepresentation of PLWH who were single, without a university degree, and not employed for money. The pandemic-related distress was positively related to being a member of average negative and languishing profiles. Gender and age had no significant effect on either profile membership or directly on the SWB components. CONCLUSION It seems that in the context of chronic illness and socially shared stressful circumstances, which was the COVID-19 pandemic, the components of SWB among PLWH developed rather congruent profiles. Sociodemographic, but not clinical characteristics were found to be significant correlates of belonging to obtained SWB profiles in this sample. The most striking effect with this regards was obtained for the members of the languishing profile, defined by the co-occurrence of low positive affect, low satisfaction with life, and high negative affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Rzeszutek
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Stawki 5/7, 00-183, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ewa Gruszczyńska
- Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Chodakowska 19/31, 03-815, Warsaw, Poland
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Verster JC, Donders JA, Boogaard AS, Bruce G. Predictors of Hangover Frequency and Severity: The Impact of Alcohol Consumption, Mental Resilience, Personality, Lifestyle, Coping and Mood. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12113811. [PMID: 37298006 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12113811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental resilience is the ability to bounce back from daily life stressors such as divorce or losing a job. Extensive research has demonstrated a negative relationship between mental resilience and alcohol consumption. That is, both the quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption are greater in individuals with lower levels of mental resilience. There has, however, been little scientific attention paid to the relationship between mental resilience and alcohol hangover severity. The objective of this study was to evaluate psychological factors that may impact the frequency and severity of alcohol hangovers, including alcohol intake itself, mental resilience, personality, baseline mood, lifestyle, and coping mechanisms. An online survey was conducted among Dutch adults (N = 153) who had a hangover after their heaviest drinking occasion in the period before the start of the COVID-19 pandemic (15 January to 14 March 2020). Questions were asked about their alcohol consumption and hangover severity on their heaviest drinking occasion. Mental resilience was assessed with the Brief Mental Resilience scale, personality with the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised Short Scale (EPQ-RSS), mood via single item assessments, and lifestyle and coping with the modified Fantastic Lifestyle Checklist. The partial correlation, corrected for estimated peak blood alcohol concentration (BAC), between mental resilience and hangover severity was not significant (r = 0.010, p = 0.848). Furthermore, no significant correlations were found between hangover severity or frequency and personality and baseline mood. For lifestyle and coping factors, a negative correlation was found between the use of tobacco and toxins (i.e., drugs, medicines, caffeine) and the frequency of experiencing hangovers. Regression analysis revealed that hangover severity after the heaviest drinking occasion (31.2%) was the best predictor of hangover frequency, and that subjective intoxication on the heaviest drinking occasion (38.4%) was the best predictor of next-day hangover severity. Mood, mental resilience, and personality were not relevant predictors of hangover frequency and severity. In conclusion, mental resilience, personality, and baseline mood do not predict hangover frequency and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris C Verster
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Julie A Donders
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anne S Boogaard
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gillian Bruce
- Division of Psychology and Social Work, School of Education and Social Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK
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Balikji J, Koyun AH, Hendriksen PA, Kiani P, Stock AK, Garssen J, Hoogbergen MM, Verster JC. The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdowns in Germany on Mood, Attention Control, Immune Fitness, and Quality of Life of Young Adults with Self-Reported Impaired Wound Healing. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12093205. [PMID: 37176643 PMCID: PMC10179723 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies in Dutch young adults revealed that individuals with self-reported impaired wound healing reported poorer mood, increased inattention and impulsivity, poorer quality of life, and poorer immune fitness compared to healthy controls. Another study revealed that the negative impact of lockdowns during the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic was significantly more profound among the impaired wound healing group than the control group. The purpose of the current study was to replicate and extend these findings among young adults living in Germany. METHODS A retrospective, cross-sectional survey was conducted among N = 317 young adults living in Germany, 18-35 years old. They were allocated to the IWH group (N = 66) or the control group (N-251). Participants completed the Attention Control Scale, and mood, quality of life, and immune fitness were assessed with single-item ratings. All assessments were made for (1) the period before the COVID-19 pandemic, (2) the first lockdown period, March-May 2020, (3) the first no-lockdown period, summer 2020, (4) the second lockdown, November 2020 to May 2021, and (5) the second no-lockdown period, summer 2021. RESULTS The impaired wound healing group reported significantly poorer mood, quality of life, and immune fitness. The effects were evident before the pandemic. The impaired wound healing group scored significantly poorer on attention focusing, but no significant differences between the groups were found for attention shifting. During the pandemic, negative lockdown effects (i.e., further aggravation of mood and immune fitness and lower quality of life) were evident in both groups but significantly more profound in the impaired wound healing group. No differences between the groups were found for the no-lockdown periods. CONCLUSION Individuals with self-reported impaired wound healing have significantly poorer mood, attention focusing, and immune fitness and report a poorer quality of life than healthy controls. The impact of COVID-19 lockdowns was significantly more profound in the impaired wound-healing group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Balikji
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna H Koyun
- Cognitive Neurophysiology Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, University of Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Pauline A Hendriksen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pantea Kiani
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ann-Kathrin Stock
- Cognitive Neurophysiology Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, University of Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
- Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, School of Science, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Global Centre of Excellence Immunology, Nutricia Danone Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten M Hoogbergen
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Catharina Ziekenhuis, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Joris C Verster
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
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14
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Ünsal BC, Demetrovics Z, Reinhardt M. Stronger together: community participation, structural stigma, and depression among sexual and gender minority adults in 28 European countries. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2023; 58:657-669. [PMID: 36434298 PMCID: PMC10066166 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02385-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although discriminatory laws, policies, and public attitudes (i.e., structural stigma) are linked to adverse mental health outcomes among sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations, little attention has been paid to protective factors, such as community participation, about which inconsistencies exist whether it ameliorates or exacerbates mental health burdens. Thus, we examined the mediator roles of identity disclosure and victimization and the moderator role of structural stigma in the association of community participation with depression. METHODS Data from the EU-LGBTI-II survey assessing community participation, identity disclosure, victimization, and depression among sexual minority men (n = 62,939), women (n = 38,976), and gender minority adults (n = 15,845) in 28 European countries were used. Structural stigma was measured as discriminatory legislation, policies, and societal attitudes using publicly available data. RESULTS Findings showed that community participation predicted lower and higher levels of depression through identity disclosure and victimization, respectively. For sexual minority men and women, structural stigma moderated the indirect effect through identity disclosure, with a larger effect in higher structural stigma countries. Only for sexual minority men, the indirect effect through victimization was also moderated, with a larger effect in high-stigma countries. For gender minorities, no moderation effect was found. CONCLUSIONS Community participation is differentially linked to depression through identity disclosure and victimization, and as a function of structural stigma. It can be a double-edged sword, especially for sexual minority men in high-stigma countries, who are expected to pay the price while enjoying its benefits, highlighting the targets and considerations for interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berk C Ünsal
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
| | - Melinda Reinhardt
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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15
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Schmitter M, Vanderhasselt MA, Spijker J, Smits JAJ, Vrijsen JN. Working it out: can an acute exercise bout alleviate memory bias, rumination and negative mood? Cogn Behav Ther 2023; 52:232-245. [PMID: 36779437 DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2022.2164349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Although it is well known that exercise reduces depressive symptoms, the underlying psychological mechanisms remain unclear. This experimental study examined the acute effect of exercise on mood, and depressotypic memory bias and state rumination. Trait rumination was tested as a possible moderator. A sample of non-regular exercisers (N = 100) was randomized to exercise or rest. After a negative mood induction, the exercise condition cycled for 24 min at moderate intensity, while the rest condition rested. Negative and overgeneral memory bias, as well as positive and negative affect were assessed after exercise/rest. To capture the lingering of negative mood and state rumination, both were assessed multiple times throughout the study. The exercise (as compared to rest) condition reported more positive affect. However, no differences were found on overgeneral memory bias, as well as depression-specific mood or state rumination measured throughout the study. Interestingly, the exercise condition showed more negative memory bias at higher levels of rumination. Individual differences in trait rumination moderated the exercise-memory bias relation, such that exercise increased negative memory bias at higher levels of rumination. It is possible that long-term exercise protocols are necessary to change cognitive processes related to depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Schmitter
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Thomas van Aquinostraat 4, Nijmegen 6525 GD, The Netherlands.,Depression Expertise Center, Pro Persona Mental Health Care, Nijmeegsebaan 61, Nijmegen 6525 DX, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Anne Vanderhasselt
- Department of Head and Skin, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry Lab, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Jan Spijker
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Thomas van Aquinostraat 4, Nijmegen 6525 GD, The Netherlands.,Depression Expertise Center, Pro Persona Mental Health Care, Nijmeegsebaan 61, Nijmegen 6525 DX, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper A J Smits
- Department of Psychology & Institute for Mental Health Research, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Janna N Vrijsen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Thomas van Aquinostraat 4, Nijmegen 6525 GD, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Reinier Postlaan 10, Nijmegen 6525 GC, The Netherlands
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16
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Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Food insecurity is associated with multiple psychological and behavioural problems among adolescents in five Caribbean countries. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:291-304. [PMID: 34957886 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2021.2019813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to assess associations between food insecurity and multiple psychological and behavioural problems among adolescents in five Caribbean countries. Data from national and cross-sectional school health surveys from 9,956 adolescents (15 years, median age) in Trinidad and Tobago, Suriname, Jamaica, Anguilla and the Dominican Republic in 2016-2017 were analyzed in 2016-2017. Results show that the prevalence of moderate (rarely or sometimes) past-month food insecurity was 35.9% and severe (mostly or always) food insecurity was 4.6%. Severe food insecurity among adolescents ranged from 2.9% in Dominican Republic to 11.2% in Suriname. In adjusted logistic regression analyses, the higher severity of food insecurity was associated with negative psychological outcomes (loneliness, suicidal ideation, suicide plan, suicide attempt, anxiety, current tobacco use and any trouble from alcohol use) and negative behavioural outcomes (truancy, bullied, physically attacked, physical injury, and multiple sexual partners). Two out of five adolescents experienced some form of food security. Food interventions, such as school feeding programmes, are warranted to reduce negative psychosocial outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supa Pengpid
- Asean Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Department of Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa
| | - Karl Peltzer
- Department of Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa.,Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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17
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COVID-19 Continues to Burden General Practitioners: Impact on Workload, Provision of Care, and Intention to Leave. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11030320. [PMID: 36766895 PMCID: PMC9914234 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11030320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
General practitioners (GPs), already in a profession with a high workload, have been at the frontline of providing COVID-19-related healthcare in addition to routine care. Our study examined the impact of pandemic-related consultations and changes in practice organization on GPs' current workload and provision of healthcare in summer 2021 (May 2021-July 2021) and early 2022 (January 2022-February 2022). In total, 143 German GPs participated in an online survey in the summer of 2021. Of these, 51 GPs participated in the follow-up survey in 2022. Most GPs perceived an increase in consultation frequency, consultation times, and workload since the pandemic outbreak. Increased consultation times were related to the reduced provision of medical care to other patients with chronic diseases. More SARS-CoV-2 vaccination consultations were associated with reduced home visits, acute consultation times, and cancer screenings. A quarter of GPs considered leaving their job. Pandemic-related bureaucracy, restricted access to therapy and rehabilitation services specialized on COVID-19, unreliable vaccine deliveries, mandatory telematics-infrastructure implementation, and frequent changes in official regulations were the main reasons reported for dissatisfaction. Our results provide insights into how the pandemic continues to burden GPs' work routines and how better working conditions in times of high demand could be achieved in future pandemics.
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18
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Woods S, Sebastian J, Herman KC, Huang FL, Reinke WM, Thompson AM. The relationship between teacher stress and job satisfaction as moderated by coping. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seth Woods
- Department of Educational Leadership and Policy Analysis University of Missouri‐Columbia Missouri Columbia USA
| | - James Sebastian
- Department of Educational Leadership and Policy Analysis University of Missouri‐Columbia Missouri Columbia USA
| | - Keith C. Herman
- Department of Educational Leadership and Policy Analysis University of Missouri‐Columbia Missouri Columbia USA
| | - Francis L. Huang
- Department of Educational Leadership and Policy Analysis University of Missouri‐Columbia Missouri Columbia USA
| | - Wendy M. Reinke
- Department of Educational Leadership and Policy Analysis University of Missouri‐Columbia Missouri Columbia USA
| | - Aaron M. Thompson
- Department of Educational Leadership and Policy Analysis University of Missouri‐Columbia Missouri Columbia USA
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19
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LeBaron V, Homdee N, Ogunjirin E, Patel N, Blackhall L, Lach J. Describing and visualizing the patient and caregiver experience of cancer pain in the home context using ecological momentary assessments. Digit Health 2023; 9:20552076231194936. [PMID: 37654707 PMCID: PMC10467200 DOI: 10.1177/20552076231194936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pain continues to be a difficult and pervasive problem for patients with cancer, and those who care for them. Remote health monitoring systems (RHMS), such as the Behavioral and Environmental Sensing and Intervention for Cancer (BESI-C), can utilize Ecological Momentary Assessments (EMAs) to provide a more holistic understanding of the patient and family experience of cancer pain within the home context. Methods Participants used the BESI-C system for 2-weeks which collected data via EMAs deployed on wearable devices (smartwatches) worn by both patients with cancer and their primary family caregiver. We developed three unique EMA schemas that allowed patients and caregivers to describe patient pain events and perceived impact on quality of life from their own perspective. EMA data were analyzed to provide a descriptive summary of pain events and explore different types of data visualizations. Results Data were collected from five (n = 5) patient-caregiver dyads (total 10 individual participants, 5 patients, 5 caregivers). A total of 283 user-initiated pain event EMAs were recorded (198 by patients; 85 by caregivers) over all 5 deployments with an average severity score of 5.4/10 for patients and 4.6/10 for caregivers' assessments of patient pain. Average self-reported overall distress and pain interference levels (1 = least distress; 4 = most distress) were higher for caregivers (x ¯ 3.02, x ¯ 2.60 , respectively ) compared to patients (x ¯ 2.82, x ¯ 2.25, respectively) while perceived burden of partner distress was higher for patients (i.e., patients perceived caregivers to be more distressed, x ¯ 3.21, than caregivers perceived patients to be distressed, x ¯ 2.55 ). Data visualizations were created using time wheels, bubble charts, box plots and line graphs to graphically represent EMA findings. Conclusion Collecting data via EMAs is a viable RHMS strategy to capture longitudinal cancer pain event data from patients and caregivers that can inform personalized pain management and distress-alleviating interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia LeBaron
- University of Virginia School of Nursing, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Nutta Homdee
- Center for Research Innovation and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Emmanuel Ogunjirin
- University of Virginia School of Engineering & Applied Science, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Nyota Patel
- University of Virginia School of Engineering & Applied Science, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Leslie Blackhall
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - John Lach
- The George Washington University School of Engineering & Applied Science, Washington, DC, USA
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20
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Tao Z, Zhao T, Ngan P, Qin D, Hua F, He H. THE USE OF DENTAL PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOMES AMONG RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS IN ORTHODONTICS: A METHODOLOGICAL STUDY. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2023; 23:101795. [PMID: 36707165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2022.101795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify and summarize the use and characteristics of dental patient-reported outcomes (dPROs) and dental patient-reported outcome measures (dPROMs) within randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in 5 leading orthodontic journals. METHODS A manual search was conducted to identify intervention (therapeutic or preventive) related RCTs published in selected journals between 2015 and 2021. Two authors extracted the characteristics of each included trial, as well as all outcomes and outcome measures used in these trials independently and in duplicate. Thereafter, the use of dPROs and dPROMs was identified and summarized. We classified all dPROs into 2 general types (oral health-related quality of life [OHRQoL] and others) and dPROMs into 3 categories (single-item questionnaires, generic multiple-item questionnaires, and specific multiple-item questionnaires). We also identified whether these dPROMs assessed 4 dimensions of OHRQoL (Oral Function, Orofacial Pain, Orofacial Appearance, and Psychosocial Impact). RESULTS From 4631 examined articles, a total of 315 RCTs were included, of which 76 (24.1%) used dPROs and dPROMs. Eight different dPROs (OHRQoL, patients' satisfaction with treatment, difficulty, compliance, preference, efficacy, duration, and unwanted events) and 34 different dPROMs (including 13 single-item questionnaires, 7 generic multiple-item questionnaires, and 14 specific multiple-item questionnaires) were identified in these trials. OHRQoL was the most commonly used dPRO (n = 71; 93.4%), followed by patients' satisfaction with treatment (n = 10; 13.2%), patient-reported difficulty (n = 5; 6.6%), and patient-reported compliance (n = 4, 5.3%). The 4 most frequently used dPROMs were pain measured with 10 mm Visual Analogue Scale (n = 20; 24.1%), pain measured with Numerical Rating Scale (n = 11; 13.3%), the Feldmann's Questionnaire (2007) (n = 6; 7.2%), and the Oral Health Impact Profile 14 (n = 5; 6.0%). CONCLUSION Only about one-fourth of RCTs published in leading orthodontic journals can reflect patients' perspectives. OHRQoL was the most commonly used dPRO in these trials. Substantial heterogeneity exists among dPROMs used for OHRQoL assessment. Efforts are needed from researchers, reviewers, editors and other stakeholders to promote the wide and standardized use of dPROs in orthodontic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Tao
- Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peter Ngan
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, United States of America
| | - Danchen Qin
- Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Hua
- Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Center for Evidence-Based Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Hong He
- Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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21
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Adjorlolo S, Anum A, Huang KY. Adverse life experiences and mental health of adolescents in Ghana: a gendered analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2022.2123714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Adjorlolo
- Department of Mental Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Research and Grant Institute of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Adote Anum
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, College of Humanities, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ken-Yeng Huang
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- 2 Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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22
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Verster JC, Kraneveld AD, Garssen J. The Assessment of Immune Fitness. J Clin Med 2022; 12:jcm12010022. [PMID: 36614822 PMCID: PMC9821524 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune fitness (i.e., adequate functioning of the immune system) is essential to maintain health, prevent and resolve disease, and improve quality of life. This article provides an overview of how to assess immune fitness. It discusses how a single-item rating scale can be used to assess immune fitness. The scale can be used in conjunction with a single "yes" or "no" question asking whether the individual is experiencing reduced immune fitness. Retrospective assessments can be complemented with the Immune Status Questionnaire (ISQ) to provide more insight into the type and frequency of experiencing specific immune-related complaints. Momentary assessments of immune fitness can be complemented with biomarker measurements in body fluids. As individuals may be unaware of systemic inflammation (e.g., biomarker concentrations outside the normal range), it remains critical to combine immune fitness assessments with biomarker measurements of immune functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris C. Verster
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-302-536-909
| | - Aletta D. Kraneveld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Global Centre of Excellence Immunology, Nutricia Danone Research, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Jach Ł, Kubicius D, Jonason PK. “Do they fit together like the Joker and Harley Quinn?”: Joking, laughing, humor styles, and dyadic adjustment among people in long-term romantic relationships. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Relation between Physical Fitness Components and the Occurrence and Subjective Intensity of Back Pain in Secondary School Adolescents. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12100353. [PMID: 36285922 PMCID: PMC9598372 DOI: 10.3390/bs12100353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the well documented benefits of physical fitness (PF) on general health, its role in back pain (BP) is still unclear. The objective of this study was to assess the association between different PF profiles and BP in a sample of adolescents. The study assessed PF and BP in a sample of 919 youth (age = 15.5 ± 1.3 years) from North and South Tyrol. A total of 531 participants (57.8%) reported no BP, whereas 4.7% (n = 43) reported severe BP. A two-step cluster analysis detected three main groups: the “less fit”, with significantly lower scores in all PF tests (p < 0.001); the “strong sprinters”, with higher speed and muscular strength than the others (p < 0.001); and the “flexible marathoners”, with higher flexibility and cardiorespiratory fitness (p < 0.001). The “flexible marathoners” showed significantly better BP scores than the “less fit” (p = 0.029). Cardiorespiratory fitness and trunk flexibility are potential preventive components of BP in adolescents. Since the decline in flexibility starts very early in life, it is recommended to put a particular emphasis on this component of PF. The role of other components of PF should be further investigated in the future.
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The COLIBAS Study—COVID-19 Lockdown Effects on Mood, Academic Functioning, Alcohol Consumption, and Perceived Immune Fitness: Data from Buenos Aires University Students. DATA 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/data7090131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent study was conducted in the Netherlands to evaluate the impact of the 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and its associated lockdown periods on academic functioning, mood, and health correlates such as alcohol consumption. The study revealed that lockdowns were associated with a significantly poorer mood and a reduced perceived immune fitness. Overall, a reduction was seen in alcohol consumption during the lockdown periods. Academic functioning in terms of performance was unaffected; however, a significant reduction in interactions with other students and teachers was reported. There was, however, great variability between students as follows: both an increase and a reduction in alcohol consumption were reported, as well as improvements and poorer academic functioning. The aim of the current online study was to replicate these findings in Argentina. To this extent, a modified version of the survey was conducted among students at the University of Buenos Aires, which was adapted to the local lockdown measures. The survey assessed possible changes in self-reported academic functioning, mood, and health correlates, such as alcohol consumption, perceived immune functioning, and sleep quality compared to before the COVID-19 pandemic. Retrospective assessments were made for four periods, including (1) the period before COVID-19, (2) the first lockdown period (March–December 2020), (3) summer 2021 (January-March 2021, no lockdown), and (4) the second lockdown (from April 2021 to July 2021). This article describes the content of the survey and the corresponding dataset. The survey was completed by 508 participants.
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COVID-19 Lockdown Effects on Mood, Alcohol Consumption, Academic Functioning, and Perceived Immune Fitness: Data from Young Adults in Germany. DATA 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/data7090125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, a study was conducted in the Netherlands to evaluate the impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and its associated lockdown periods on academic functioning, mood, and health correlates, such as alcohol consumption. The Dutch study revealed that lockdowns were associated with significantly poorer mood and reductions in perceived immune fitness. Overall, a reduction in alcohol consumption during lockdown periods was shown. Academic functioning in terms of self-reported performance was unaffected. However, a significant reduction in interactions with other students and teachers was reported. However, there was considerable variability among students; both increases and reductions in alcohol consumption were reported, as well as both improvements and poorer academic functioning during periods of lockdown. The aim of the current online study was to replicate these findings in Germany. To achieve this, a slightly modified version of the survey was administered among young adults (aged 18 to 35 years old) in Germany. The survey assessed possible changes in self-reported academic functioning, mood, and health correlates, such as smoking and alcohol consumption, perceived immune functioning, and sleep quality during periods of lockdown as compared to periods with no lockdowns. Retrospective assessments were made for five periods, including (1) ‘BP’ (the period before the COVID-19 pandemic), (2) ‘L1’ (the first lockdown period, March–May 2020), (3) ‘NL1’ (the first no-lockdown period, summer 2020), (4) ‘L2’ (the second lockdown, November 2020 to May 2021), and (5) ‘NL2’ (the second no-lockdown period, summer 2021). This article describes the content of the survey and the corresponding dataset. The survey was completed by 371 participants.
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Balikji J, Kiani P, Hendriksen PA, Hoogbergen MM, Garssen J, Verster JC. Impaired wound healing is associated with poorer mood and reduced perceived immune fitness during the COVID-19 pandemic: A retrospective survey. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e764. [PMID: 35949670 PMCID: PMC9358545 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted medical care of patients with chronic wounds, and in combination with other negative effects of lockdown measures, this may have a negative effect on mood and quality of life. Until now, the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdowns for individuals with impaired wound healing have not been investigated. Methods An online survey was conducted to evaluate perceived immune fitness, mood, and health, both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results Of the 331 Dutch pharmacy students that completed the survey, N = 42 participants reported slow healing wounds and/or wound infection and were allocated to the impaired wound healing group; the other N = 289 participants served as control group. The survey assessed mood, perceived immune fitness, and health correlates for (a) the year 2019 (the period before the lockdown), (b) the first lockdown period (March 15-May 11, 2020), (c) summer 2020 (no lockdown), and (d) the second lockdown (November 2020-April 2021). The analysis revealed that negative mood effects, reductions in quality of life, and perceived immune fitness during the two lockdowns were significantly more pronounced among individuals that reported impaired wound healing compared to the control group. The effects on mood, perceived immune fitness, and health correlates were most pronounced for the second lockdown period. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with significantly poorer mood, quality of life, and reduced perceived immune fitness. These effects are significantly more pronounced among individuals with self-reported impaired wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Balikji
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Pantea Kiani
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Pauline A. Hendriksen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Global Centre of Excellence ImmunologyNutricia Danone ResearchUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Joris C. Verster
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Centre for Human PsychopharmacologySwinburne UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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Gong WJ, Sit SMM, Wong BYM, Wu SYD, Lai AYK, Ho SY, Wang MP, Lam TH. Associations of Face-to-Face and Instant Messaging Family Communication and Their Contents With Family Wellbeing and Personal Happiness Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:780714. [PMID: 35422721 PMCID: PMC9001841 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.780714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Both face-to-face and instant messaging (IM) communication are important for families, but face-to-face communication has reduced amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined the use and contents of both communication methods amidst the pandemic, their associations with family wellbeing and personal happiness, and the mediation effects of communication quality in Hong Kong Chinese adults. Methods This population-based online survey enrolled 4,921 respondents in May 2020, who reported (i) any face-to-face or IM family communication when the pandemic was severe; (ii) communication contents being classified as neutral, positive, supportive, and negative; and (iii) communication quality, family wellbeing and personal happiness (score 0-10). Associations of family wellbeing and personal happiness with communication methods and contents (no communication excluded) were examined using linear regressions (β), adjusting for each other, sex, age, socioeconomic status, and the number of cohabitants. Mediating effects of communication quality on these associations were examined. Prevalence estimates were weighted by sex, age, and education of the general population. Interactions of methods and contents were examined. Results Of 4,891 included respondents (female: 52.9%, 45-54 years: 37.7%, ≥65 years: 21.3%), 7.1% reported no communication, 12.7% face-to-face communication only, 26.7% IM only, and 53.4% both methods. More males and those at younger ages, had lower socioeconomic status, or fewer cohabitants showed no family communication or face-to-face only. More respondents reported neutral (83.1-99.3%) than positive (42.1-62.2%), supportive (37.5-54.8%), and negative (10.9-34.5%) contents despite communication methods. Communication quality was higher with both methods than IM only, face-to-face only, and no communication (scores: 6.7 vs. 4.5-6.6, all P ≤ 0.02). Better family wellbeing and personal happiness were associated with using IM only (adjusted βs: 0.37 and 0.48) and both methods (0.37 and 0.42) than face-to-face only, and positive (0.62 and 0.74) or supportive (0.45 and 0.46) contents (all P ≤ 0.001). Communication quality mediated 35.2-93.5% of these associations. Stronger associations between positive contents and family wellbeing showed in both methods and face-to-face only than IM only (P for interaction = 0.006). Conclusions We have first shown that, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, family IM communication and positive and supportive contents may promote family wellbeing and personal happiness. People with no family communication may need assistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jie Gong
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shirley Man Man Sit
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bonny Yee Man Wong
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Socrates Yong Da Wu
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Agnes Yuen Kwan Lai
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sai Yin Ho
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Man Ping Wang
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tai Hing Lam
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Fry A, Chan HW, Harel N, Spielman L, Escalon M, Putrino D. Evaluating the clinical benefit of brain-computer interfaces for control of a personal computer. J Neural Eng 2022; 19. [PMID: 35325875 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac60ca] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) enabling the control of a personal computer could provide myriad benefits to individuals with disabilities including paralysis. However, to realize this potential, these BCIs must gain regulatory approval and be made clinically available beyond research participation. Therefore, a transition from engineering-oriented to clinically oriented outcome measures will be required in the evaluation of BCIs. This review examined how to assess the clinical benefit of BCIs for the control of a personal computer. We report that: 1) a variety of different patient-reported outcome measures can be used to evaluate improvements in how a patient feels, and we offer some considerations that should guide instrument selection. 2) Activities of daily living can be assessed to demonstrate improvements in how a patient functions, however, new instruments that are sensitive to increases in functional independence via the ability to perform digital tasks may be needed. 3) Benefits to how a patient survives has not previously been evaluated, but establishing patient-initiated communication channels using BCIs might facilitate quantifiable improvements in health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Fry
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, New York, New York, 10029, UNITED STATES
| | - Ho Wing Chan
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, New York, New York, 10029, UNITED STATES
| | - Noam Harel
- James J Peters VA Medical Center, 130 W Kingsbridge Rd, New York, New York, 10468, UNITED STATES
| | - Lisa Spielman
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, New York, New York, 10029, UNITED STATES
| | - Miguel Escalon
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, New York, New York, 10029, UNITED STATES
| | - David Putrino
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, New York, New York, 10029, UNITED STATES
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Hendriksen PA, Kiani P, Garssen J, Bruce G, Verster JC. Living Alone or Together During Lockdown: Association with Mood, Immune Fitness and Experiencing COVID-19 Symptoms. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2021; 14:1947-1957. [PMID: 34887688 PMCID: PMC8651091 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s332853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate whether or not living alone or together throughout the lockdown had an impact on mood, perceived immune fitness, as well as the presence and severity of COVID-19 symptoms. Methods N = 505 participants completed an online survey, which included questions on living situations, as well as mood, perceived immune fitness and COVID-19 symptom presence and severity. These factors were assessed retrospectively for the time periods before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results An overall decrease in mood was observed for both those living alone and together during the lockdown period. However, significantly larger increases in feelings of loneliness were observed for the group living alone. Furthermore, both groups reported decreases in perceived immune fitness, whereas only the group living alone reported a significant increase in COVID-19 symptom presence and severity. Moreover, significant correlations were found between perceived immune fitness, anxiety, and loneliness. These correlations were strongest in the group living alone. Lastly, positive correlations were found between perceived immune fitness and mood outcomes with being active, optimistic and the ability to cope with stress. Increased optimism, being more active and the adequate ability to cope with stress were associated with a reduced negative impact on perceived immune fitness. Conclusion The first COVID-19 lockdown period in the Netherlands was a challenging period for both people who lived alone and those living together, resulting in decreases in mood and poorer perceived immune fitness. Those living alone were, however, more heavily impacted by the lockdown restrictions. This was further reflected by the increased presence and severity of COVID-19 symptoms in people who lived alone during the first COVID-19 lockdown in The Netherlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline A Hendriksen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CG, the Netherlands
| | - Pantea Kiani
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CG, the Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CG, the Netherlands.,Global Centre of Excellence Immunology, Nutricia Danone Research, Utrecht, 3584CT, the Netherlands
| | - Gillian Bruce
- Division of Psychology and Social Work, School of Education and Social Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, PA1 2BE, UK
| | - Joris C Verster
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CG, the Netherlands.,Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC3122, Australia
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Woldeamanuel YW, Blayney DW, Jo B, Fisher SE, Benedict C, Oakley-Girvan I, Kesler SR, Palesh O. Headache outcomes of a sleep behavioral intervention in breast cancer survivors: Secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. Cancer 2021; 127:4492-4503. [PMID: 34357593 PMCID: PMC8578351 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer survivors often have persisting headache. In a secondary analysis of the Brief Behavioral Therapy for Cancer-Related Insomnia (BBT-CI) clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02165839), the authors examined the effects of BBT-CI on headache outcomes in patients with breast cancer. METHODS Patients with breast cancer who were receiving chemotherapy were randomly assigned to receive either the BBT-CI intervention or the Healthy EAting Education Learning for healthy sleep (HEAL) control intervention, and both were delivered over 6 weeks by trained staff. Headache outcomes and heart rate variability (HRV) were measured at baseline, 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months. Mixed-effects models were used to examine longitudinal headache outcomes in the groups according to the intention to treat. Principal component analysis and agglomerative hierarchical clustering were conducted to reduce 16 variables for data-driven phenotyping. RESULTS Patients in the BBT-CI arm (n = 73) exhibited a significant reduction in headache burden over time (P = .02; effect size [Cohen d] = 0.43), whereas the reduction was not significant among those in the HEAL arm (n = 66). The first principal component was positively loaded by headache, sleep, fatigue, and nausea/vomiting and was negatively loaded by cognitive, physical, and emotional functioning. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering revealed 3 natural clusters. Cluster I (n = 58) featured the highest burden of headache, insomnia, and nausea/vomiting; cluster II (n = 50) featured the lowest HRV despite a low burden of headache and insomnia; and cluster III (n = 31) showed an inverse relation between HRV and headache-insomnia, signifying autonomic dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS BBT-CI is efficacious in reducing headache burden in breast cancer survivors. Patient phenotyping demonstrates a headache type featuring sleep disturbance, nausea/vomiting, and low physical functioning-revealing similarities to migraine. LAY SUMMARY Breast cancer survivors often have persisting headache symptoms. In patients with cancer, treatment of chronic headache disorders using daily medications may be challenging because of drug interactions with chemotherapy and other cancer therapies as well as patients' reluctance to add more drugs to their medicine list. Headache and sleep disorders are closely related to each other. This study demonstrates that a sleep behavioral therapy reduced headache burden in breast cancer survivors. In addition, the majority of headache sufferers had a headache type with similarities to migraine-featuring sleep disturbance, nausea/vomiting, and low physical functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes W Woldeamanuel
- Division of Headache Medicine, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Douglas W Blayney
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Booil Jo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Sophie E Fisher
- Stanford Cancer Survivorship Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Catherine Benedict
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Ingrid Oakley-Girvan
- The Data and Technology Proving Ground, Public Health Institute, Oakland, California
- Medable Inc., Palo Alto, California
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Palo Alto, California
| | - Shelli R Kesler
- Cancer Neuroscience Laboratory, School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Oxana Palesh
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
- Stanford Cancer Survivorship Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
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COVID-19 Lockdown-Related Changes in Mood, Health and Academic Functioning. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2021; 11:1440-1461. [PMID: 34842659 PMCID: PMC8628801 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe11040103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns were accompanied by an abrupt transition from face-to-face education to online education. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on academic functioning and mood in Dutch pharmacy students and PhD candidates. A total of n = 341 participants completed an online survey including questions on mood and academic functioning, assessed retrospectively for before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, during COVID-19 lockdown, significantly more time was spent on academic activities, and study grades/output significantly improved. However, the overall effects were of small magnitude, and there was great variability among students, reporting either improved, unchanged or poorer academic functioning. Compared to before COVID-19, the lockdown periods were associated with significantly increased levels of stress, anxiety, depression, fatigue, and loneliness, and a significant reduction in optimism and happiness. Significant negative correlations were found between ‘performance quality’ and stress, ‘performance quality’ and fatigue, ‘study grades/output’ and stress, and between ‘study grades/output’ and fatigue. Correlations of mood and items related to academic interactions were not statistically significant. Differential effects were seen when the data was analyzed according to sex, living situation, and ethnicity, revealing that women, students living alone, and those with a migration background reported that COVID-19 lockdowns had greater negative mood effects and a more negative impact on academic functioning. Poorer sleep quality and reduced quality of life were significantly associated with reduced mood, as well as reduced academic performance quality and role satisfaction. Regression analysis revealed that being young and not having a non-Western migration background were predictors of improved performance quality. However, only being young was a significant predictor of improved study grades/output during the COVID-19 pandemic. Increased levels of stress and fatigue were significant predictors of both reduced performance quality and poorer study grades/output during the COVID-19 pandemic. In conclusion, for the sample as a whole, the transition to online education during the COVID-19 lockdown was judged as having significant positive effects on academic performance. The lockdown periods were associated with significantly reduced mood and reduced social interactions. It should be taken into account that about one third of students reported academic functioning to be poorer during the COVID-19 pandemic. This represents a substantial group of students who require more attention and guidance to make a successful transition to online education and cope with lockdown-associated stress and fatigue.
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COVID-19 Lockdown Effects on Academic Functioning, Mood, and Health Correlates: Data from Dutch Pharmacy Students, PhD Candidates and Postdocs. DATA 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/data6110120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mixed results have been published on the impact of the 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and its associated lockdown periods on academic functioning, mood, and health correlates such as alcohol consumption. Whereas a number of students report an impaired academic performance and increased alcohol intake during lockdown periods, other students report no change or an improvement in academic functioning and a reduced alcohol consumption. This data descriptor article describes the dataset of a study investigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on academic functioning. To investigate this, an online survey was conducted among Dutch pharmacy students, PhD candidates and postdoctoral researchers (postdocs) of Utrecht University, the Netherlands. Compared to before the COVID-19 pandemic, the survey assessed possible changes in self-reported academic functioning, mood and health correlates such as alcohol consumption, perceived immune functioning and sleep quality. Retrospective assessments were made for four periods, including (1) the year 2019 (the period before COVID-19), (2) the first lockdown period (15 March–11 May 2020), (3) summer 2020 (no lockdown) and (4) the second lockdown (November 2020–April 2021). This article describes the content of the survey and corresponding dataset. The survey had a response rate of 24.3% and was completed by 345 participants.
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Merlo A, Severeijns NR, Benson S, Scholey A, Garssen J, Bruce G, Verster JC. Mood and Changes in Alcohol Consumption in Young Adults during COVID-19 Lockdown: A Model Explaining Associations with Perceived Immune Fitness and Experiencing COVID-19 Symptoms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910028. [PMID: 34639330 PMCID: PMC8508165 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the effects of the 2019 Coronavirus (COVID-19) lockdown on mood states, stress, alcohol consumption and perceived immune fitness in a Dutch sample. Analysis included a subsample from the “Corona Lockdown: how fit are you?” (CLOFIT) study, comprising N = 761 participants who reported consuming alcohol in 2020. Results show that, compared to pre-lockdown, the first COVID-19 lockdown (March 2020) was associated with experiencing poorer mood (e.g., anxiety, depression, loneliness, fatigue) and increased stress levels. Among younger participants (18 to 35 years old), a significant decrease in weekly alcohol consumption was found during COVID-19 lockdown, which was not significant in older individuals. For the younger age cohort (18 to 35 years old), increased stress significantly correlated to increased weekly alcohol consumption (r = 0.163, p = 0.003), which in turn, correlated significantly to reporting a poorer perceived immune fitness (r = −0.165, p = 0.002). Poorer perceived immune fitness correlated significantly with increases in the presence and severity of COVID-19 symptoms (r = −0.313, p < 0.001, and r = −0.325, p < 0.001, respectively). The data provides evidence for significant relationships between changes in mood, stress and alcohol consumption during COVID-19 lockdown, and supports a model that links these changes to perceived immune fitness and susceptibility to experiencing COVID-19 symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Merlo
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.M.); (N.R.S.); (J.G.)
| | - Noortje R Severeijns
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.M.); (N.R.S.); (J.G.)
| | - Sarah Benson
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia; (S.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia; (S.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.M.); (N.R.S.); (J.G.)
| | - Gillian Bruce
- Division of Psychology and Social Work, School of Education and Social Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK;
| | - Joris C Verster
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.M.); (N.R.S.); (J.G.)
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia; (S.B.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Verster JC, Severeijns NR, Sips ASM, Saeed HM, Benson S, Scholey A, Bruce G. Alcohol Hangover Across the Lifespan: Impact Of Sex and Age. Alcohol Alcohol 2021; 56:589-598. [PMID: 33822860 PMCID: PMC8406052 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agab027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the relationship between age and hangover frequency and severity. METHOD An online survey, generated through Facebook, collected self-report data relating to alcohol consumption from 761 Dutch alcohol consumers aged 18-94 years (61.6% female). RESULTS Overall, young individuals consumed more alcohol than older drinkers, and men more than women. Significant interactions between age group and sex were found for both subjective intoxication and hangover severity, indicating that the sex differences in these variables were greatest in the younger age groups but became significantly smaller or absent in the older age groups. Partial correlations, correcting for estimated blood alcohol concentration (eBAC), revealed significant and negative partial correlations between age and subjective intoxication (r = -0.444, P < 0.0001), age and hangover severity (r = -0.327, P < 0.0001) and between age and hangover frequency (r = -0.195, P < 0.0001), i.e. subjective intoxication, hangover severity and hangover frequency decline with age. With regard to sex differences, the observed correlations with age for the past month heaviest drinking occasion were stronger in men for subjective intoxication, (z = -2.25, P = 0.024), hangover severity (z = -3.36, P = 0.0008) and hangover frequency (z = -3.63, P = 0.0003). CONCLUSIONS Hangover severity declines with age, even after controlling for eBAC or the amount of alcohol consumed. Sex differences were greatest in the younger age groups but became significantly smaller or absent in the older age groups. The relationship between age and hangover severity is strongly mediated by subjective intoxication. Pain sensitivity, lower with aging, might be a mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris C Verster
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Noortje R Severeijns
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Annabel S M Sips
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Hama M Saeed
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Benson
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Gillian Bruce
- Division of Psychology and Social Work, School of Education and Social Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK
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