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Wei X, Luo D, Li H, Li Y, Cen S, Huang M, Jiang X, Zhong G, Zeng W. The roles and potential mechanisms of plant polysaccharides in liver diseases: a review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1400958. [PMID: 38966560 PMCID: PMC11222613 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1400958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant polysaccharides (PP) demonstrate a diverse array of biological and pharmacological properties. This comprehensive review aims to compile and present the multifaceted roles and underlying mechanisms of plant polysaccharides in various liver diseases. These diseases include non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcoholic liver disease (ALD), fibrosis, drug-induced liver injury (DILI), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aims to elucidate the intricate mechanisms and therapeutic potential of plant polysaccharides, shedding light on their significance and potential applications in the management and potential prevention of these liver conditions. An exhaustive literature search was conducted for this study, utilizing prominent databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI. The search criteria focused on the formula "(plant polysaccharides liver disease) NOT (review)" was employed to ensure the inclusion of original research articles up to the year 2023. Relevant literature was extracted and analyzed from these databases. Plant polysaccharides exhibit promising pharmacological properties, particularly in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism and their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. The ongoing progress of studies on the molecular mechanisms associated with polysaccharides will offer novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of chronic liver diseases (CLDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhi Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daimin Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haonan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yagang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shizhuo Cen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianxing Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoping Zhong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Zeng
- Shenzhen Longgang Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Yang Z, Wang J, Zhao T, Wang L, Liang T, Zheng Y. Mitochondrial structure and function: A new direction for the targeted treatment of chronic liver disease with Chinese herbal medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 334:118461. [PMID: 38908494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Excessive fat accumulation, biological clock dysregulation, viral infections, and sustained inflammatory responses can lead to liver inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer, thus promoting the development of chronic liver disease. A comprehensive understanding of the etiological factors leading to chronic liver disease and the intrinsic mechanisms influencing its onset and progression can aid in identifying potential targets for targeted therapy. Mitochondria, as key organelles that maintain the metabolic homeostasis of the liver, provide an important foundation for exploring therapeutic targets for chronic liver disease. Recent studies have shown that active ingredients in herbal medicines and their natural products can modulate chronic liver disease by influencing the structure and function of mitochondria. Therefore, studying how Chinese herbs target mitochondrial structure and function to treat chronic liver diseases is of great significance. AIM OF THE STUDY Investigating the prospects of herbal medicine the Lens of chronic liver disease based on mitochondrial structure and function. MATERIALS AND METHODS A computerized search of PubMed was conducted using the keywords "mitochondrial structure", "mitochondrial function", "mitochondria and chronic liver disease", "botanicals, mitochondria and chronic liver disease".Data from the Web of Science and Science Direct databases were also included. The research findings regarding herbal medicines targeting mitochondrial structure and function for the treatment of chronic liver disease are summarized. RESULTS A computerized search of PubMed using the keywords "mitochondrial structure", "mitochondrial function", "mitochondria and chronic liver disease", "phytopharmaceuticals, mitochondria, and chronic liver disease", as well as the Web of Science and Science Direct databases was conducted to summarize information on studies of mitochondrial structure- and function-based Chinese herbal medicines for the treatment of chronic liver disease and to suggest that the effects of herbal medicines on mitochondrial division and fusion.The study suggested that there is much room for research on the influence of Chinese herbs on mitochondrial division and fusion. CONCLUSIONS Targeting mitochondrial structure and function is crucial for herbal medicine to combat chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Yang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530222, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530222, China
| | - Tiejian Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530222, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530222, China
| | - Tianjian Liang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530222, China.
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530222, China.
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Zhang A, Wang J, Hu Y, Qiu Y, Dong C. Polysaccharides play an anti-fibrotic role by regulating intestinal flora: A review of research progress. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:131982. [PMID: 38724335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common pathological process affecting multiple organs. It refers to an increase in fibrous connective tissue and a decrease in parenchymal cells in damaged tissues or organs. This may lead to structural damage and functional decline or even organ failure. The incidence of fibrosis is increasing worldwide, and the need for safe and effective therapeutic drugs and treatments is pivotal. The intestinal tract has a complex network of exchanging information with various tissues in the body. It contains a sizeable microbial community of which the homeostasis and metabolites are closely related to fibrosis. Polysaccharides are a class of biomolecules present in natural products; they have potential value as anti-fibrotic prebiotics. Recently, polysaccharides have been found to improve fibrosis in different organs by decreasing inflammation and modulating the immune function and intestinal microbiota. In this paper, we reviewed the progress made in research concerning polysaccharides and organ fibrosis in relation to the intestinal microbiota from the pathogenesis of fibrosis to the relationship between the intestinal flora and fibrosis. Furthermore, we provide ideas and references for future polysaccharide-drug discovery and strategies for the treatment of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoying Zhang
- Henan Polysaccharide Research Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Polysaccharides and Drugs Research, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; College of Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan 467000, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Henan Polysaccharide Research Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Polysaccharides and Drugs Research, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; College of Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan 467000, China
| | - Yulong Hu
- Henan Polysaccharide Research Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Polysaccharides and Drugs Research, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Yuanhao Qiu
- Henan Polysaccharide Research Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Polysaccharides and Drugs Research, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; College of Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan 467000, China.
| | - Chunhong Dong
- Henan Polysaccharide Research Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Polysaccharides and Drugs Research, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China.
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Ming Z, Ruishi X, Linyi X, Yonggang Y, Haoming L, Xintian L. The gut-liver axis in fatty liver disease: role played by natural products. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1365294. [PMID: 38686320 PMCID: PMC11056694 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1365294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver disease, a condition characterized by fatty degeneration of the liver, mainly classified as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD), has become a leading cause of cirrhosis, liver cancer and death. The gut-liver axis is the bidirectional relationship between the gut and its microbiota and its liver. The liver can communicate with the gut through the bile ducts, while the portal vein transports the products of the gut flora to the liver. The intestinal flora and its metabolites directly and indirectly regulate hepatic gene expression, leading to an imbalance in the gut-liver axis and thus contributing to the development of liver disease. Utilizing natural products for the prevention and treatment of various metabolic diseases is a prevalent practice, and it is anticipated to represent the forthcoming trend in the development of drugs for combating NAFLD/ALD. This paper discusses the mechanism of the enterohepatic axis in fatty liver, summarizes the important role of plant metabolites in natural products in fatty liver treatment by regulating the enterohepatic axis, and provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent development of new drugs and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Ming
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xie Ruishi
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xu Linyi
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | | | - Luo Haoming
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Lan Xintian
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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Rabelo ACS, Andrade AKDL, Costa DC. The Role of Oxidative Stress in Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical Studies. Nutrients 2024; 16:1174. [PMID: 38674865 PMCID: PMC11055095 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (AFLD) is characterized by the accumulation of lipids in liver cells owing to the metabolism of ethanol. This process leads to a decrease in the NAD+/NADH ratio and the generation of reactive oxygen species. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to investigate the role of oxidative stress in AFLD. A total of 201 eligible manuscripts were included, which revealed that animals with AFLD exhibited elevated expression of CYP2E1, decreased enzymatic activity of antioxidant enzymes, and reduced levels of the transcription factor Nrf2, which plays a pivotal role in the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, animals with AFLD exhibited increased levels of lipid peroxidation markers and carbonylated proteins, collectively contributing to a weakened antioxidant defense and increased oxidative damage. The liver damage in AFLD was supported by significantly higher activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase enzymes. Moreover, animals with AFLD had increased levels of triacylglycerol in the serum and liver, likely due to reduced fatty acid metabolism caused by decreased PPAR-α expression, which is responsible for fatty acid oxidation, and increased expression of SREBP-1c, which is involved in fatty acid synthesis. With regard to inflammation, animals with AFLD exhibited elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-a, IL-1β, and IL-6. The heightened oxidative stress, along with inflammation, led to an upregulation of cell death markers, such as caspase-3, and an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Overall, the findings of the review and meta-analysis indicate that ethanol metabolism reduces important markers of antioxidant defense while increasing inflammatory and apoptotic markers, thereby contributing to the development of AFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Silveira Rabelo
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35402-163, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Brazil
| | | | - Daniela Caldeira Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35402-163, Brazil
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Yao J, Peng T, Shao C, Liu Y, Lin H, Liu Y. The Antioxidant Action of Astragali radix: Its Active Components and Molecular Basis. Molecules 2024; 29:1691. [PMID: 38675511 PMCID: PMC11052376 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Astragali radix is a traditional medicinal herb with a long history and wide application. It is frequently used in prescriptions with other medicinal materials to replenish Qi. According to the classics of traditional Chinese medicine, Astragali radix is attributed with properties such as Qi replenishing and surface solidifying, sore healing and muscle generating, and inducing diuresis to reduce edema. Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that some extracts and active ingredients in Astragali radix function as antioxidants. The polysaccharides, saponins, and flavonoids in Astragali radix offer beneficial effects in preventing and controlling diseases caused by oxidative stress. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive research on the effective components and molecular mechanisms through which Astragali radix exerts antioxidant activity. In this paper, we review the active components with antioxidant effects in Astragali radix; summarize the content, bioavailability, and antioxidant mechanisms; and offer a reference for the clinical application of Astragalus and the future development of novel antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730101, China; (T.P.); (C.S.); (H.L.)
| | - Ting Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730101, China; (T.P.); (C.S.); (H.L.)
| | - Changxin Shao
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730101, China; (T.P.); (C.S.); (H.L.)
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- College of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730013, China;
| | - Huanhuan Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730101, China; (T.P.); (C.S.); (H.L.)
| | - Yongqi Liu
- College of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730013, China;
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Cao W, Wu J, Zhao X, Li Z, Yu J, Shao T, Hou X, Zhou L, Wang C, Wang G, Han J. Structural elucidation of an active polysaccharide from Radix Puerariae lobatae and its protection against acute alcoholic liver disease. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 325:121565. [PMID: 38008472 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Radix Pueraria lobata can be used as medicine and food, whose polysaccharide is one of the main bioactive ingredients. To explore the effect and mechanism of Pueraria lobata polysaccharide, a homogeneous and novel water-soluble polysaccharide (PLP1) was successfully isolated and purified from P. lobata by column chromatography in the current study. Structure analysis revealed that PLP1 (Mw = 10.43 kDa) was constituted of the residues including (1 → 4)-α-d-glucose and (1 → 4, 6)-α-d-glucose, which were linked together at a ratio of 5:1 and represented the main glycosidic units. In vitro experiments indicated that PLP1 exhibited a better free radical-scavenging ability than amylose and amylopectin, meanwhile in vivo experiments indicated that PLP1 effectively protected against liver injury in mice with acute ALD through significantly inhibiting oxidative stress to regulate lipid metabolism, increasing short-chain fatty acid production, and maintaining intestinal homeostasis by regulating intestinal flora. Taken together, our results illustrate that PLP1 can regulate intestinal microecology as a feasible therapeutic agent for protecting against ALD on the ground of the gut-liver axis, thus laying a theoretical foundation for the rational exploitation and utilization of P. lobata resources in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Cao
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Jiangping Wu
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Xinya Zhao
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Zixu Li
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Taili Shao
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Xuefeng Hou
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Lutan Zhou
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Chunfei Wang
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.
| | - Guodong Wang
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.
| | - Jun Han
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; Anhui College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhu 241002, China.
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8
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Zhou B, Liu P, Yao X, Cao H, Zhu H, Wang Q, Liu Y, Fang M, Wu Y, Gong Z. Hepatoprotective effects of peach gum polysaccharides against alcoholic liver injury: moderation of oxidative stress and promotion of lipid metabolism. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1325450. [PMID: 38283909 PMCID: PMC10811791 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1325450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides extracted from plants have received increasing attention due to their rich bioactivity. In our study, peach gum polysaccharides (PGPs) were extracted by water extraction-alcohol precipitation method. PGPs are typical pyranose polysaccharides with a mean molecular weight of 3.68 × 106 g/mol. The antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective capacity of PGPs were studied. In vitro, assays showed that PGPs scavenged DPPH, OH, and O2- in a dose-dependent manner. PGPs exhibited antioxidative properties against alcohol-induced HL7702 cells, as evidenced by the normalization of MDA, SOD, ROS, and GSH levels. To further elucidate the hepatoprotective mechanism of PGPs, we carried out in vivo experiments in male mice. PGPs exerted hepatoprotective effects in alcohol liver disease (ALD) mice by exerting antioxidant effects, decreasing the inflammatory response and modulating lipid metabolism. In addition, metabolomic analysis indicated that PGPs mainly regulate D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, and arginine biosynthesis to promote hepatic metabolism and maintain body functions. Overall, this study revealed that the hepatoprotective mechanism of PGPs against ALD might be associated with the regulation of oxidative stress and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (The Chinese Ministry of Education), Food Safety Research Center for Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences of Hubei Province, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pinpin Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (The Chinese Ministry of Education), Food Safety Research Center for Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences of Hubei Province, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangao Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (The Chinese Ministry of Education), Food Safety Research Center for Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences of Hubei Province, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huijie Cao
- Suizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hang Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (The Chinese Ministry of Education), Food Safety Research Center for Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences of Hubei Province, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (The Chinese Ministry of Education), Food Safety Research Center for Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences of Hubei Province, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (The Chinese Ministry of Education), Food Safety Research Center for Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences of Hubei Province, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Fang
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (The Chinese Ministry of Education), Food Safety Research Center for Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences of Hubei Province, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (The Chinese Ministry of Education), Food Safety Research Center for Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences of Hubei Province, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Gong
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (The Chinese Ministry of Education), Food Safety Research Center for Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences of Hubei Province, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
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9
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Zhao Y, Li S, Lessing DJ, Chu W. The attenuating effects of synbiotic containing Cetobacterium somerae and Astragalus polysaccharide against trichlorfon-induced hepatotoxicity in crucian carp (Carassius carassius). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132621. [PMID: 37748306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the hepatotoxic effects of trichlorfon on crucian carp (Carassius carassius) and the attenuating effects of a synbiotic combination of Cetobacterium somerae and Astragalus polysaccharide on hepatotoxicity. Results showed that trichlorfon did indeed induce hepatotoxicity in crucian carp and the synbiotic reversed this hepatotoxicity caused by trichlorfon. The synbiotic increased TC, TG, LDL-C, ALT and AST levels and decreased serum HDL-C levels caused by trichlorfon. H&E and Oil Red O staining demonstrated that the synbiotic ameliorated liver damage and abnormal lipid accumulation. The activity of antioxidant enzymes (T-SOD, CAT, GSH-Px) in the liver was also enhanced by the administration of the synbiotic. The supplementation of the synbiotic also increased the level of short-chain fatty acids in the intestine. In addition, the synbiotic balanced the gut microbial composition, leading to a reduction in the abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria and an increase in the abundance of bacteria producing short-chain fatty acids. In conclusion, these findings indicate that trichlorfon can induce hepatotoxicity in crucian carp, whereas synbiotics can regulate gut microbiota, promote the growth of beneficial bacteria and increase the production of SCFAs, and alleviate trichlorfon-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shipo Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Duncan James Lessing
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Weihua Chu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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10
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Li J, Guo H, Dong Y, Yuan S, Wei X, Zhang Y, Dong L, Wang F, Bai T, Yang Y. Polysaccharides from Chinese herbal medicine: a review on the hepatoprotective and molecular mechanism. Chin J Nat Med 2024; 22:4-14. [PMID: 38278558 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(24)60558-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharides, predominantly extracted from traditional Chinese medicinal herbs such as Lycium barbarum, Angelica sinensis, Astragalus membranaceus, Dendrobium officinale, Ganoderma lucidum, and Poria cocos, represent principal bioactive constituents extensively utilized in Chinese medicine. These compounds have demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory capabilities, especially anti-liver injury activities, while exhibiting minimal adverse effects. This review summarized recent studies to elucidate the hepatoprotective efficacy and underlying molecular mechanisms of these herbal polysaccharides. It underscored the role of these polysaccharides in regulating hepatic function, enhancing immunological responses, and improving antioxidant capacities, thus contributing to the attenuation of hepatocyte apoptosis and liver protection. Analyses of molecular pathways in these studies revealed the intricate and indispensable functions of traditional Chinese herbal polysaccharides in liver injury management. Therefore, this review provides a thorough examination of the hepatoprotective attributes and molecular mechanisms of these medicinal polysaccharides, thereby offering valuable insights for the advancement of polysaccharide-based therapeutic research and their potential clinical applications in liver disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifeng Li
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Research Center, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Haolin Guo
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Research Center, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Ying Dong
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Research Center, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Shuo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Xiaotong Wei
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Research Center, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Research Center, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Lu Dong
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Research Center, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Research Center, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Ting Bai
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Research Center, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China.
| | - Yong Yang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Research Center, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China.
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11
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Wu C, Zhang W, Yan F, Dai W, Fang F, Gao Y, Cui W. Amelioration effects of the soybean lecithin-gallic acid complex on iron-overload-induced oxidative stress and liver damage in C57BL/6J mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:37-49. [PMID: 36573499 PMCID: PMC9809354 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2151632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Gallic acid (GA) and lecithin showed important roles in antioxidant and drug delivery, respectively. A complex synthesized from GA and soybean lecithin (SL-GAC), significantly improved bioavailability of GA and pharmacological activities. However, the antioxidant activity of SL-GAC and its effect on iron-overload-induced liver injury remains unexplored. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the antioxidant properties of SL-GAC in vitro and in mice, and its remediating effects against liver injury by iron-overloaded. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro, free radical scavenging activity, lipid peroxidation inhibition, and ferric reducing power of SL-GAC were measured by absorbance photometry. In vivo, C57BL/6J mice were randomized into 4 groups: control, iron-overloaded, iron-overloaded + deferoxamine, and iron-overloaded + SL-GAC. Treatments with deferoxamine (150 mg/kg/intraperitioneally) and SL-GAC (200 mg/kg/orally) were given to the desired groups for 12 weeks, daily. Iron levels, oxidative stress, and biochemical parameters were determined by histopathological examination and molecular biological techniques. RESULTS In vitro, SL-GAC showed DPPH and ABTS free radicals scavenging activity with IC50 values equal to 24.92 and 128.36 μg/mL, respectively. In C57BL/6J mice, SL-GAC significantly reduced the levels of serum iron (22.82%), liver iron (50.29%), aspartate transaminase (25.97%), alanine transaminase (38.07%), gamma glutamyl transferase (42.11%), malondialdehyde (19.82%), total cholesterol (45.96%), triglyceride (34.90%), ferritin light chain (18.51%) and transferrin receptor (27.39%), while up-regulated the levels of superoxide dismutase (24.69%), and glutathione (11.91%). CONCLUSIONS These findings encourage the use of SL-GAC to treat liver injury induced by iron-overloaded. Further in vivo and in vitro studies are needed to validate its potential in clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Department of Pathogenobiology, Jilin University Mycology Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Feifei Yan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenwen Dai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanli Gao
- Department of Pediatric Ultrosonic, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weiwei Cui
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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12
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Li S, Zhou X, Chen R, Zhang Q, Sun Y, Chen H. Effect of natural polysaccharides on alcoholic liver disease: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 251:126317. [PMID: 37595705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we systematically collected relevant literature in the past five years on the intervention of natural polysaccharides in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and reviewed the pharmacological activities and potential mechanisms of action. Natural polysaccharides are effective in preventing liver tissue degeneration, inhibiting the alcohol-induced expression of inflammatory factors, inactivation of antioxidant enzymes, and abnormal hepatic lipid deposition. Natural polysaccharides regulate the expression of proteins, such as tight junction proteins, production of small molecule metabolites, and balance of intestinal flora in the intestinal tract to alleviate ALD. Natural polysaccharides also exert therapeutic effects by modulating inflammatory, oxidative, lipid metabolism, and other pathways in the liver. Natural polysaccharides also inhibit alcohol-induced intestinal abnormalities by regulating intestinal flora and feeding back into the liver via the gut-liver axis. However, existing research on natural polysaccharides has many shortcomings: for example, most of the natural polysaccharides for testing are total polysaccharides or crude polysaccharides, progress in research on in vivo metabolic processes and mechanisms is slow, and the degree of industrialisation is insufficient. Finally, we discuss the difficulties in studying natural polysaccharides and future directions to provide a theoretical basis for their development and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Li
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control&Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control&Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Ruhai Chen
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control&Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Qiurong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control&Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control&Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Huaguo Chen
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control&Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China.
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13
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Zuo WF, Pang Q, Yao LP, Zhang Y, Peng C, Huang W, Han B. Gut microbiota: A magical multifunctional target regulated by medicine food homology species. J Adv Res 2023; 52:151-170. [PMID: 37269937 PMCID: PMC10555941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between gut microbiota and human health has gradually been recognized. Increasing studies show that the disorder of gut microbiota is related to the occurrence and development of many diseases. Metabolites produced by the gut microbiota are responsible for their extensive regulatory roles. In addition, naturally derived medicine food homology species with low toxicity and high efficiency have been clearly defined owing to their outstanding physiological and pharmacological properties in disease prevention and treatment. AIM OF REVIEW Based on supporting evidence, the current review summarizes the representative work of medicine food homology species targeting the gut microbiota to regulate host pathophysiology and discusses the challenges and prospects in this field. It aims to facilitate the understanding of the relationship among medicine food homology species, gut microbiota, and human health and further stimulate the advancement of more relevant research. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW As this review reveals, from the initial practical application to more mechanism studies, the relationship among medicine food homology species, gut microbiota, and human health has evolved into an irrefutable interaction. On the one hand, through affecting the population structure, metabolism, and function of gut microbiota, medicine food homology species maintain the homeostasis of the intestinal microenvironment and human health by affecting the population structure, metabolism, and function of gut microbiota. On the other hand, the gut microbiota is also involved in the bioconversion of the active ingredients from medicine food homology species and thus influences their physiological and pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Fang Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Qiwen Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Lai-Ping Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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14
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Zhang B, Niu L, Huang X. Lonicera Caerulea Juice Alleviates Alcoholic Liver Disease by Regulating Intestinal Flora and the FXR-FGF15 Signaling Pathway. Nutrients 2023; 15:4025. [PMID: 37764808 PMCID: PMC10534805 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a growing public health issue with high financial, social, and medical costs. Lonicera caerulea, which is rich in polyphenolic compounds, has been shown to exert anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to explore the effects and mechanisms of concentrated Lonicera caerulea juice (LCJ) on ALD in mice. ALD was established in mice via gradient alcohol feeding for 30 days. The mice in the experimental group were given LCJ by gavage. The reduction of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) in the serum of mice indicated that LCJ has a liver-protective effect. LCJ improved the expression of AMPK, PPARα, and CPT1b in ALD mice to reduce the liver lipid content. Additionally, LCJ increased the expression of farnesoid X receptor (FXR), fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15), and fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4), which lowers the expression of cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) and lessens bile acid deposition in the liver. In mice, LCJ improved the intestinal barrier by upregulating the expression of mucins and tight junction proteins in the small intestine. Moreover, it accelerated the restoration of microbial homeostasis in both the large and small intestines and increased short-chain fatty acids in the cecum. In conclusion, LCJ alleviates ALD by reducing liver and serum lipid accumulation and modulating the FXR-FGF15 signaling pathway mediated by gut microbes.
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15
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Zhang Y, Hao R, Chen J, Li S, Huang K, Cao H, Farag MA, Battino M, Daglia M, Capanoglu E, Zhang F, Sun Q, Xiao J, Sun Z, Guan X. Health benefits of saponins and its mechanisms: perspectives from absorption, metabolism, and interaction with gut. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-22. [PMID: 37216483 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2212063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Saponins, consisting of sapogenins as their aglycones and carbohydrate chains, are widely found in plants and some marine organisms. Due to the complexity of the structure of saponins, involving different types of sapogenins and sugar moieties, investigation of their absorption and metabolism is limited, which further hinders the explanation of their bioactivities. Large molecular weight and complex structures limit the direct absorption of saponins rendering their low bioavailability. As such, their major modes of action may be due to interaction with the gastrointestinal environment, such as enzymes and nutrients, and interaction with the gut microbiota. Many studies have reported the interaction between saponins and gut microbiota, that is, the effects of saponins on changing the composition of gut microbiota, and gut microbiota playing an indispensable role in the biotransformation of saponins into sapogenins. However, the metabolic routes of saponins by gut microbiota and their mutual interactions are still sparse. Thus, this review summarizes the chemistry, absorption, and metabolic pathways of saponins, as well as their interactions with gut microbiota and impacts on gut health, to better understand how saponins exert their health-promoting functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruojie Hao
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Junda Chen
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Sen Li
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Huang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwei Cao
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, Spain
| | - Maria Daglia
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Food Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Ourense, Spain
| | - Qiqi Sun
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Ourense, Spain
| | - Zhenliang Sun
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Guan
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
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16
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Li Y, Zheng J, Wang Y, Yang H, Cao L, Gan S, Ma J, Liu H. Immuno-stimulatory activity of Astragalus polysaccharides in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice by regulating gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124789. [PMID: 37164141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Evidence has indicated the immune-stimulatory effect of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS), yet it remains unknown whether the potential mechanism is associated with gut microbiota. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of gut microbiota in APS-initiated immune-enhancing activity in mice. BALB/c mice were injected with cyclophosphamide to establish a mouse immunosuppression model. We found that APS significantly ameliorated the immunosuppression in mice, indicative of the increased immune organ indices, the promoted proliferation of immune cells, and the up-regulated intestinal inflammation. Western blot analysis demonstrated that APS treatment significantly activated Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in the intestine. By 16S rDNA sequencing, APS treatment reversed the gut microbiota dysbiosis in immunocompromised mice. At the genus level, APS increased the abundance of bacteria (like Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria, Roseburia, and Desulfovibrio) and decreased the content of several bacteria (like Oscillibacter, Tyzzerella, and Lachnoclostridium). However, APS had no immune-enhancing effect on immunocompromised mice with gut microbiota depletion. In conclusion, APS can enhance immune responses in immunocompromised mice by modulating gut microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China; College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Junping Zheng
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Yao Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China; College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Huabing Yang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Lu Cao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Shuiyong Gan
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China.
| | - Jun Ma
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China.
| | - Hongtao Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China.
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17
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Dong W, Fan Z, Li P, Liu J, Sun G, Peng N, Liang Y, Zhao S. Optimizing the scale-up production of fermented astragalus and its benefits to the performance and egg quality of laying hens. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1165644. [PMID: 37180273 PMCID: PMC10169715 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1165644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Astragalus is a homologous medicine and food that benefits human beings and poultry rearing. Fermented astragalus (FA) is a valuable product obtained by fermentation, but its scale-up production requires optimization and expansion of solid-state fermentation (SSF). In this study, Lactobacillus pentosus Stm was screened as the most suitable LAB strain for fermenting astragalus due to its excellent capacity. After optimization and expansion of SSF, LAB count and lactic acid content reached 206 × 108 cfu/g and 15.0%, respectively. Meanwhile, the content of bioactive compounds in FA was significantly enhanced. Feeding experiments with laying hens indicated that supplementing FA in the diet significantly improved the performance and egg quality, as evidenced by reduced feed-to-egg ratio and egg cholesterol. This was due to the promotion of intestinal health by shifting intestinal microbiota. Therefore, this is a systematical endeavor of producing scaled-up FA with promising potential as a feed additive in the poultry breeding industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhanlei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Panxian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Hubei Poder Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Huangshi, China
| | - Guoping Sun
- Hubei Poder Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Huangshi, China
| | - Nan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunxiang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shumiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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18
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Wang X, Hou L, Cui M, Liu J, Wang M, Xie J. The traditional Chinese medicine and non-small cell lung cancer: from a gut microbiome perspective. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1151557. [PMID: 37180438 PMCID: PMC10167031 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1151557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most serious diseases affecting human health today, and current research is focusing on gut flora. There is a correlation between intestinal flora imbalance and lung cancer, but the specific mechanism is not clear. Based on the "lung and large intestine being interior-exteriorly related" and the "lung-intestinal axis" theory. Here, based on the theoretical comparisons of Chinese and western medicine, we summarized the regulation of intestinal flora in NSCLC by active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine and Chinese herbal compounds and their intervention effects, which is conducive to providing new strategies and ideas for clinical prevention and treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering (School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences), Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi an, China
| | - Liming Hou
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi an, China
| | - Meng Cui
- School of Food Science and Engineering (School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences), Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi an, China
| | - Junnan Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering (School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences), Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi an, China
| | - Mengzhou Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering (School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences), Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi an, China
| | - Jianwu Xie
- School of Food Science and Engineering (School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences), Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi an, China
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19
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Aobulikasimu N, Zheng D, Guan P, Xu L, Liu B, Li M, Huang X, Han L. The Anti-inflammatory Effects of Isoflavonoids from Radix Astragali in Hepatoprotective Potential against LPS/D-gal-induced Acute Liver Injury. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:385-396. [PMID: 36509104 DOI: 10.1055/a-1953-0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Radix Astragali (RA) is an important Traditional Chinese Medicine widely used in the treatment of various diseases, such as pneumonia, atherosclerosis, diabetes, kidney and liver fibrosis. The role of isoflavonoids from RA in the treatment of liver injury remains unclear. The study aimed to explore hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of isoflavonoids from Astragalus mongholicus. Network pharmacological analysis showed that RA had a multi-target regulating effect on alleviating liver injury and inhibiting inflammation through its active ingredients, among which isoflavones were closely related to its key molecular targets. The anti-inflammatory and liver protection effects of isoflavonoids of RA were investigated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells in vitro and LPS/D-galactosamine (D-gal)-induced acute liver injury mice in vivo. The experimental results showed that methylnissolin (ML) and methylnissolin-3-O-β-D-glucoside (MLG) presented more notable anti-inflammatory effects. Both of them suppressed the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In vivo investigation demonstrated that ML markedly meliorated liver injury in LPS/D-gal-induced mice. Western blot results revealed that ML and MLG down-regulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines via NF-κB signaling pathway. The isoflavonoids, methylnissolin (ML), and methylnissolin-3-O-β-D-glucoside (MLG), play a vital role in the hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuerbiye Aobulikasimu
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zheng
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Peipei Guan
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixiao Xu
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Minglei Li
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueshi Huang
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Han
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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20
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Salama RM, Abbas SS, Darwish SF, Sallam AA, Elmongy NF, El Wakeel SA. Regulation of NOX/p38 MAPK/PPARα pathways and miR-155 expression by boswellic acids reduces hepatic injury in experimentally-induced alcoholic liver disease mouse model: novel mechanistic insight. Arch Pharm Res 2023; 46:323-338. [PMID: 36959348 PMCID: PMC10123034 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01441-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) refers to hepatic ailments induced by excessive alcohol intake. The pathogenesis of ALD comprises a complex interplay between various mechanistic pathways, among which inflammation and oxidative stress are key players. Boswellic acids (BAs), found in Boswellia serrata, have shown hepatoprotective effects owing to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, nevertheless, their therapeutic potential against ALD has not been previously investigated. Hence, this study was performed to depict the possible protective effect of BAs and detect their underlying mechanism of action in an experimentally-induced ALD mouse model. Male BALB/c mice were equally categorized into six groups: control, BAs-treated, ALD, and ALD that received BAs at three-dose levels (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) by oral gavage for 14 days. Results showed that the high dose of BAs had the most protective impact against ALD according to histopathology examination, blood alcohol concentration (BAC), and liver function enzymes. Mechanistic investigations revealed that BAs (500 mg/kg) caused a significant decrease in cytochrome P450 2E1(CYP2E1), nicotine adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) 1/2/4, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) levels, and the expression of miR-155, yet increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) levels. This led to an improvement in lipid profile and reduced hepatic inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis indices. In summary, our study concludes that BAs can protect against ethanol-induced hepatic injury, via modulating NOX/p38 MAPK/PPARα pathways and miR-155 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania M Salama
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), KM 28, Cairo-Ismailia Road, Ahmed Orabi District, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Samah S Abbas
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), KM 28, Cairo-Ismailia Road, Ahmed Orabi District, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samar F Darwish
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Al Aliaa Sallam
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noura F Elmongy
- Physiology Department, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Sara A El Wakeel
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), KM 28, Cairo-Ismailia Road, Ahmed Orabi District, Cairo, Egypt
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21
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Wang J, Lu Y, Zhang C, Tian S, Xiang H, Ding P, Chen J, Ji G, Wu T. Qinggan Huoxue Recipe attenuates Alcoholic Liver Disease by suppressing PI3K/AKT signaling pathway based on network pharmacology. Int J Med Sci 2023; 20:346-358. [PMID: 36860681 PMCID: PMC9969510 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.80329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Qinggan Huoxue Recipe (QGHXR) is originated from Xiao Chaihu Decotion. Many experimental studies have confirmed that QGHXR can significantly alleviate the symptoms of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), but the detailed mechanism is still unclear. Using traditional Chinese medicine network pharmacology analysis system database and animal experiments, we found that 180 potentially chemical compositions and 618 potential targets were screened from the prescription, which shared 133 signal pathways with ALD. Through animal experiments, it was found that QGHXR could reduce the liver total cholesterol (TC), serum TC, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase of ALD mice, reduce the lipid droplets and inflammatory injury of liver tissue. Meanwhile, it can also increase PTEN, decrease PI3K and AKT mRNA levels. In this study, we obtained the targets and pathways of QGHXR in the treatment of ALD, and preliminatively verified that QGHXR may improve ALD through PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Wang
- Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China.,Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yifei Lu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shuxia Tian
- Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China
| | - Hongjiao Xiang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Peilun Ding
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Junming Chen
- Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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22
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Li Z, Fang X, Hu X, Li C, Wan Y, Yu D. Amelioration of alcohol-induced acute liver injury in C57BL/6 mice by a mixture of TCM phytochemicals and probiotics with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1144589. [PMID: 36960204 PMCID: PMC10027757 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1144589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There are many causes of acute liver injury (ALI), such as alcohol, drugs, infection, and toxic materials, which have caused major health problems around the world. Among these causes, alcohol consumption induced liver injury is a common alcoholic liver disease, which can further lead to liver failure even liver cancer. A number of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and TCM derived compounds have been used in treating the liver-associated diseases and combination use of probiotics with TCM phytochemicals has attracted interests for enhanced biological effects. Methods This study investigated the hepatoprotective effect of TCM-probiotics complex (TCMPC) and its underlying mechanism for the treatment of ALI in mice. The TCMPC is composed of TCM phytochemicals puerarin, curcumin, ginsenosides, and 5 lactobacteria strains. We first established a mouse model of alcohol-induced ALI, then the therapeutic effects of TCMPC on alcohol-induced ALI were monitored. A series of measurements have been performed on antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and lipid metabolism regulation. Results The results showed that TCMPC can reduce the level of liver injury biomarkers and regulate oxidative stress. Histopathological results indicated that TCMPC could ameliorate ALI in mice. In addition, it can also significantly reduce the production of inflammatory cytokines caused by ALI. Conclusion Our research has proved the therapeutic effect of TCMPC on alcohol-induced ALI. The potential mechanism of hepatoprotective effects of TCMPC may be related to its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Our research might provide a new way for liver disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Li
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuexun Fang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Hu
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Congcong Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Youzhong Wan
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Youzhong Wan,
| | - Dahai Yu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Dahai Yu,
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Zhang X, Zhou S, Liang Y, Xie G, Zhu M, Wang Z, Qu Q, Long Y, Lv Y, Peng J, Yuan Y, Huang Y, Wang W. Effects of Astragalus, Epimedium, and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi extractive on antioxidant capacity, production performance, and immune mechanism of breeding pigeons under stress. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102350. [PMID: 36577268 PMCID: PMC9803782 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With the large-scale and intensive development of pigeon breeding industry and the improvement of production level, stress factors have an important impact on the immune, antioxidant capacity, and productivity of pigeons. In this study, the extenuating effect of Astragalus, Epimedium, and Ligustrum lucidum (AEF) on the antioxidant, production performance, and immune mechanism was investigated in breeding pigeons. Eighty pairs of 11-month-old healthy breeding pigeons with the same egg production batch were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (C group), treated with AEF (AEF group), in restraint stress (S group) and treated with AEF and in restraint stress (S+AEF group). Results showed that AEF reduces weight loss during lactation and increases spleen weight, increased IgA, IgG, T4, GSH-Px, and SOD in serum and decreased T3 and MDA (P < 0.05). Furthermore, treatment with AEF declined HSP60, HSP70, HSP90, GR levels in liver and cFOS, GR mRNA levels in the Hypothalamus, GR mRNA levels in the pituitary (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the results of the intestine studies showed that AEF promoted relative abundances of Firmicutes and relieve intestinal injury in the colon of pigeons. These results indicated AEF enhanced stress resistance, immunity, production performance and antioxidant capacity of pigeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Shuo Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Yayan Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Gaijie Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Mingqiang Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Zifan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Qing Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Yifei Long
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Yantao Lv
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Jie Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Yaohui Yuan
- Shenyang Weijia Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shenyang 110027, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanhua Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China,Corresponding author:
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24
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Zhang S, Xu Y, Ye M, Ye W, Xiao J, Zhou H, Zhang W, Shu Y, Huang Y, Chen Y. Resveratrol in Liquor Exacerbates Alcoholic Liver Injury with a Reduced Therapeutic Effect in Mice: An Unsupervised Herbal Wine Habit Is Risky. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224752. [PMID: 36432440 PMCID: PMC9692393 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
People in Eastern countries hold a tradition of soaking herbal medicine in wine; however, the efficacy and safety of herbal wine have not been rigorously assessed. By assessing the efficacy of resveratrol (RSV) in ethanol against alcoholic liver disease (ALD) in mice, we aimed to offer a perspective on the use of herbal wine. To simulate the behaviour of herbal wine users, RSV (15 mg/kg) soaked in ethanol (RSV-alcohol) was administrated via gavage to the mice, here with alcohol consumption-induced ALD. RSV soaked in water (RSV-water) was the treatment control. The efficacy and safety of RSV on ALD were evaluated. Compared with the RSV-water group, a higher rate of mortality was found in the RSV-alcohol group (50.0% vs. 20.0%), which also exhibited more severe liver injury. RSV significantly increased the exposure of alcohol by 126.0%, which was accompanied by a significant inhibition of the ethanol metabolic pathway. In contrast, alcohol consumption significantly reduced exposure to RSV by 95.0%. Alcohol consumption had little effect on the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes in RSV; however, alcohol seemed to reduce the absorption of RSV. RSV in liquor exacerbates alcoholic liver injury and has a reduced therapeutic effect, suggesting that the habit of herbal wine use without supervision is risky.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songxia Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Mengling Ye
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Wenli Ye
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Honghao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yan Shu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yun Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Correspondence: (Y.H.); (Y.C.); Tel.: +86-137-8710-2228 (Y.H.); +86-731-8480-5380 (Y.C.)
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, China
- Correspondence: (Y.H.); (Y.C.); Tel.: +86-137-8710-2228 (Y.H.); +86-731-8480-5380 (Y.C.)
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25
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Liu J, Kong L, Shao M, Sun C, Li C, Wang Y, Chai X, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Li X, Zhao H. Seabuckthorn polysaccharide combined with astragalus polysaccharide ameliorate alcoholic fatty liver by regulating intestinal flora. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1018557. [PMID: 36246879 PMCID: PMC9559367 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1018557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background At present, the incidence of alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) is increasing year by year, and numerous studies have confirmed that liver diseases are closely related to intestinal flora. Seabuckthorn and Astragalus membranaceus, as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with the homology of medicine and food, have good liver protection, and their polysaccharides can regulate the intestinal flora. Here, we studied the effects of HRP, APS and the combination of the two polysaccharides on the intestinal flora of AFLD mice, which provided scientific basis for the treatment of AFLD with the two polysaccharides. Materials and methods Thirty Kunming (KM) mice were randomly divided into the control group (Con), the model group (Mod), the HRP treatment group (HRP), the APS treatment group (APS), and HRP+APS treatment group (HRP+APS), with six mice in each group. The AFLD model was constructed by continuous intragastric administration of 42% vol Niulanshan ethanol solution for 28 days, and the mice in each polysaccharide group were given corresponding drugs. The levels of AST, ALT, TC and TG in serum of mice were measured. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing technique was used to determine the diversity and richness of intestinal flora, and the relative abundance of intestinal flora at phylum level and genus level of the mice in each group. Results HRP, APS and HRP+APS could reduce the serum levels of AST, ALT, TC and TG in mice. In addition, HRP, APS and HRP + APS restored the diversity, relative abundance and community structure of intestinal mucosa bacteria in AFLD mice to a certain extent. Specifically, HRP, APS and HRP+APS remarkably decreased the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, and ultimately increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria and reduced the abundance of pathogenic bacteria. Conclusion HRP, APS, and HRP+APS can improve the intestinal microecology of AFLD model mice, alleviate liver injury, and maintain normal intestinal function in different degrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Lingzhou Kong
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Mengting Shao
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Changhai Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Changxu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Xue Chai
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yuliang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
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26
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A lymphatic route for a hyperbranched heteroglycan from Radix Astragali to trigger immune responses after oral dosing. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 292:119653. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Xue Y, Li X, Tian Y, Huang X, Zhang L, Li J, Hou H, Dong P, Wang J. Salmon sperm DNA prevents acute liver injury by regulating alcohol‐induced steatosis and restores chronic hepatosis via alleviating inflammation and apoptosis. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14346. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Xue
- School of Food Science and Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | - Yingying Tian
- School of Food Science and Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | - Xinyi Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | - Hu Hou
- School of Food Science and Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | - Ping Dong
- School of Food Science and Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao China
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Zhao H, Kong L, Shao M, Liu J, Sun C, Li C, Wang Y, Chai X, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Li X. Protective effect of flavonoids extract of Hippophae rhamnoides L. on alcoholic fatty liver disease through regulating intestinal flora and inhibiting TAK1/p38MAPK/p65NF-κB pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 292:115225. [PMID: 35341932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The therapeutic properties of Hippophae rhamnoides L. were already known in ancient Greece as well as in Tibetan and Mongolian medicine. Modern studies have indicated that Hippophae rhamnoides L. fermentation liquid protected against alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD). However, the underlying mechanism of Hippophae rhamnoides L. flavonoids extract (HLF) treating AFLD remains elusive. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of HLF in mice with AFLD and the interaction between AFLD and gut microbiota. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemical constituents of HLF were analyzed by Liquid Chromatography-Ion Trap-ESI-Mass Spectrometry. The Hepatoprotective effect of HLF was evaluated in mice with AFLD induced by alcohol (six groups, n = 10) daily at doses of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 g/kg for 30 consecutive days. At the end of experiment, mice were sacrificed and the liver, serum and feces were harvested for analysis. The liver histological changes were observed by H&E staining and oil red O staining. Moreover, the alterations of fecal microflora were detected by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The inflammatory related genes were determined by qRT-PCR and western blotting respectively. RESULTS The results showed that the oral administration of HLF remarkably alleviated hepatic lipid accumulation by decreasing the levels of ALT, AST, TG and TC. The levels of TNF-α, TGF-β, and IL-6 were also reduced after treatment with HLF. Meanwhile, the protein and mRNA expression of NF-kB p65, MAPK p38 and TAK-1 in the liver of mice with AFLD were all reduced by HLF compared with model group. Furthermore, the 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis demonstrated that HLF treatment can help restore the imbalance of intestinal microbial ecosystem and reverse the changes in Fimicutes/Bacterodietes, Clostridiales, Lachnospiraceae, S24-7, and Prevotella in mice with AFLD. CONCLUSION HLF can effectively ameliorate liver injury in mice with AFLD, and regulate the composition of gut microbiota. Its regulatory mechanism may be related to TAK1/p38MAPK/p65NF-κB pathway. This study may provide novel insights into the mechanism of HLF on AFLD and a basis for promising clinical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Lingzhou Kong
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Mengting Shao
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Jiayue Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Changhai Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Changxu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Xue Chai
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yuliang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, PR China.
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29
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Tang Z, Huang G. Extraction, structure, and activity of polysaccharide from Radix astragali. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:113015. [PMID: 35468585 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Radix astragali polysaccharide (RAP) is a water-soluble heteropolysaccharide. It is an immune promoter and regulator, and has antivirus, antitumor, anti-aging, anti-radiation, anti-stress, anti-oxidation and other activitys. The extraction, separation, purification, structure, activity and modification of RAP were summarized. Some extraction methods of RAP had been introduced, and the separation and purification methods of RAP were reviewed, and the structure and activity of RAP were highly discussed. Current derivatization of RAP was outlined. Through the above discussion that the yield of crude polysaccharides from Radix astragali by enzyme-assisted extraction was significantly higher than that by other extraction methods, but each extraction method had different extraction effects under certain conditions, and the activity efficiency of RAP was also different. Therefore, it is particularly important to optimize the extraction method with known better yield for the study of RAP. In addition, the purification and separation of RAP are the key factors affecting the yield and activity of RAP. At the same time, there are still few studies on the derivatiration of Radix astragali polysaccharide, but the researches in this area are very important. RAP also has many important pharmacological effects on human body, but its practical application needs further study. Finally, studies on the structure-activity relationship of RAP still need to be carried out by many scholars. This review would provide some help for further researches on various important applications of RAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Tang
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate Science and Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Gangliang Huang
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate Science and Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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30
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Exercise Affects the Formation and Recovery of Alcoholic Liver Disease through the IL-6-p47 phox Oxidative-Stress Axis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081305. [PMID: 35455983 PMCID: PMC9026480 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: To explore the effect of exercise on the formation and recovery of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and whether the IL-6−p47phox oxidative−stress axis is involved in that process. (2) Methods: Firstly, 23 six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the Con group, ALD group, ALD + NOXI group, ALD + Ex group, and ALD + Ex + NOXI group. The Liber−DeCarli alcoholic liquid diet was used for 6 weeks to establish the ALD mice model, and the Con group was given the TP4030C control diet. The remaining groups were fed with the TP4030B alcoholic diet, and exercise intervention was started after the ALD model establishment and lasted for another 6 weeks, with or without administration of the NOX inhibitor apocynin by intraperitoneal injection on every exercise training day. Secondly, 28 mice were randomly divided into the Sed group, Eth group, Eth + Ex group and Eth + Ex + NOXI group. The Sed group was given the TP4030C control diet. The remaining groups were fed with the TP4030B alcoholic diet and exercise intervention was started synchronously combined with or without administration of intraperitoneal apocynin injections on every exercise training day for 5 weeks. After each individual experiment was accomplished, physiological assessment and biochemical analysis of blood and tissue samples were examined. (3) Results: The levels of TG in serum and IL-6 protein content in liver tissue in the ALD group were significantly increased compared to the Con group (p < 0.05); compared with ALD, p47phox expression in muscle was increased significantly in the ALD + NOXI group (p < 0.05), and TG in serum decreased in the ALD + Ex group (p < 0.05). TG in serum, AST/ALT ratio, and IL-6 content in both liver and muscle decreased (p < 0.05) in the ALD + Ex + NOXI group with MDA in muscle significantly increased (p < 0.01). The AST/ALT ratio, TG in serum, SOD in liver, and p47phox in both liver and muscle in the ALD + Ex + NOXI group were significantly decreased compared with the ALD + NOXI group (p < 0.01). Compared with the ALD + Ex group, the liver index and HDL-C levels in serum were decreased (p < 0.05) in the ALD + Ex + NOXI group. The degree of hepatocyte steatosis and inflammatory infiltration were ameliorated after exercise intervention. In the Eth group, the relative epididymal fat content, HDL-C level, and AST/ALT ratio were significantly decreased, and TG and gp91phox in liver were significantly higher than in the Sed group (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). Compared with the Eth group, the AST/ALT ratio, MDA in the liver, and NOX4 and p47phox protein expression in the liver were significantly increased, and body weight decreased significantly in the Eth + Ex group (p < 0.05, p < 0.01), as did TG in the liver and MDA in muscle. In the th + Ex + NOXI group, gp91phox expression in the liver and body weight were significantly decreased (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). In the Eth + Ex + NOXI group, the ratio of AST/ALT and MDA in muscle were increased when compared with the Eth + Ex group, and the protein expression of gp91phox and p47phox were much lower (p < 0.01). (4) Conclusions: 6 weeks of exercise intervention during the recovery phase of ALD ameliorates hepatocyte damage and dyslipidemia through the IL-6−p47phox oxidative−stress axis, and applying a NOX inhibitor in combination could optimize this. However, drinking alcohol during exercise exacerbates dyslipidemia and oxidative stress, with hepatocyte IL-6−p47phox downregulated.
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Protective Effects of Honey-Processed Astragalus on Liver Injury and Gut Microbiota in Mice Induced by Chronic Alcohol Intake. J FOOD QUALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/5333691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Honey-processed Astragalus (HPA) is a mixture of Astragalus and honey, which is a processed product of Chinese medicine. It has the active ingredients of Astragalus and the unique effects of honey. However, the mechanism of HPA for improving alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is not clear. The purpose of this study is to explore the ameliorating effect and mechanism of HPA (4 and 8 g/kg bw) on alcoholic liver injury. Two doses of HPA were orally administered to alcohol-treated mice for four weeks. The results showed that HPA could effectively reduce triglycerides (TG) by 59% and free fat acid (FFA) and total cholesterol (TC) in serum and hepatic were reduced by least 25.9%. HPA could cause a decrease in serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) from 0.145 mM to 0.117 mM, and the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was increased. After alcohol-treated mice were supplemented with HPA, antioxidant markers (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)), liver function index (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)), proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)), and liver tissue were all significantly improved. This is related to the fact that HPA can promote the expression of oxidative stress-related genes and inhibit the expression of inflammation-related genes. In addition, HPA could also regulate the disturbance of the intestinal microflora. In general, HPA could significantly improve the accumulation of serum and liver lipids caused by alcohol and the imbalance of intestinal flora in mice. It could also improve liver function, oxidative stress, and inflammation.
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