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Chen M, Kan J, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Lv C, Zhong B, Li C, Qin W. Combined Analysis of Metabolomics and Biochemical Changes Reveals the Nutritional and Functional Characteristics of Red Palm Weevil Rhynchophus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Larvae at Different Developmental Stages. INSECTS 2024; 15:294. [PMID: 38667424 PMCID: PMC11050521 DOI: 10.3390/insects15040294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the changes in the conventional nutrient and mineral compositions as well as the metabolomics characteristics of the red palm weevil (RPW) Rhynchophus ferrugineus Olivier (Curculionidae: Coleoptera) larvae at early (EL), middle (ML) and old (OL) developmental stages were investigated. Results showed that the EL and ML had the highest content of protein (53.87 g/100 g dw) and fat (67.95 g/100 g), respectively, and three kinds of RPW larvae were all found to be rich in unsaturated fatty acids (52.17-53.12%), potassium (5707.12-15,865.04 mg/kg) and phosphorus (2123.87-7728.31 mg/kg). In addition, their protein contained 17 amino acids with the largest proportion of glutamate. A total of 424 metabolites mainly including lipids and lipid-like molecules, organic acids and their derivatives, organic heterocycle compounds, alkaloids and their derivatives, etc. were identified in the RPW larvae. There was a significant enrichment in the ABC transport, citrate cycle (TCA cycle), aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and mTOR signaling pathways as the larvae grow according to the analysis results of the metabolic pathways of differential metabolites. The water extract of EL exhibited relatively higher hydroxyl, 2,2-diphenyl-1-pyrroline hydrochloride (DPPH) and 2,2'-azobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical-scavenging ability with the EC50 values of 1.12 mg/mL, 11.23 mg/mL, and 2.52 mg/mL, respectively. These results contribute to a better understanding of the compositional changes of the RPW larvae during its life cycle and provide a theoretical grounding for its deep processing and high-value utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengran Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests of Ministry of Education, College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Jintao Kan
- Hainan Engineering Center of Coconut Further Processing, Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang 571339, China; (J.K.); (J.Z.); (C.L.); (C.L.); (B.Z.)
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Hainan Engineering Center of Coconut Further Processing, Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang 571339, China; (J.K.); (J.Z.); (C.L.); (C.L.); (B.Z.)
| | - Jinhao Zhao
- Hainan Engineering Center of Coconut Further Processing, Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang 571339, China; (J.K.); (J.Z.); (C.L.); (C.L.); (B.Z.)
| | - Chaojun Lv
- Hainan Engineering Center of Coconut Further Processing, Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang 571339, China; (J.K.); (J.Z.); (C.L.); (C.L.); (B.Z.)
| | - Baozhu Zhong
- Hainan Engineering Center of Coconut Further Processing, Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang 571339, China; (J.K.); (J.Z.); (C.L.); (C.L.); (B.Z.)
| | - Chaoxu Li
- Hainan Engineering Center of Coconut Further Processing, Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang 571339, China; (J.K.); (J.Z.); (C.L.); (C.L.); (B.Z.)
| | - Weiquan Qin
- Hainan Engineering Center of Coconut Further Processing, Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang 571339, China; (J.K.); (J.Z.); (C.L.); (C.L.); (B.Z.)
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Jeong S, Oh I. Characterization of mixed-component oleogels: Beeswax and glycerol monostearate interactions towards Tenebrio Molitor larvae oil. Curr Res Food Sci 2024; 8:100689. [PMID: 38333773 PMCID: PMC10850890 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Edible insects are attracting attention as an alternative food due to their excellent production efficiency, lower carbon consumption, and containing high protein. Tenebrio Molitor larvae (TM), one of the approved edible insects worldwide, contain more than 30 % fat content consisting of 70 % unsaturated fatty acids, and particularly high phospholipids. Most of the research has focused on the utilization of proteins, and there are few studies using oils from TM. Therefore, in this study, to expand the utilization of TM oil in food applications, the oleogel was prepared with TM oil fortified by the incorporation of beeswax (BSW) and glycerol monostearate (GMS), and their structure, rheological and thermal properties were evaluated. The interaction between BSW and GMS contributed to the strength of the oleogel structure. The addition of GMS or the increase of the gelator concentrations resulted in increasing the melting point, which is consistent with the observed increase in viscoelasticity. As the temperature increased, the solid fat content decreased. The result of FT-IR suggests that TM oil is physically solidified without changing chemical composition through oleogelation. This study suggests a new processing direction for edible insects by confirming the rheological, thermal, and physicochemical characteristics of TM oil-based oleogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohui Jeong
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
| | - Imkyung Oh
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
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Bogusz R, Bryś J, Onopiuk A, Rybak K, Witrowa-Rajchert D, Nowacka M. Effect of Pulsed Electric Field Technology on the Composition and Bioactive Compounds of Black Soldier Fly Larvae Dried with Convective and Infrared-Convective Methods. Molecules 2023; 28:8121. [PMID: 38138608 PMCID: PMC10745468 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, an increasing interest has been shown in alternative food sources. Many studies are focused on the use of insects. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the chemical and thermal properties of black soldier fly larvae influenced by the pulsed electric field (PEF) and convective (CD) or infrared-convective (IR-CD) drying techniques. Examinations of the basic chemical composition, properties of extracted fat (fatty acid composition, acid and peroxide values, and oxidative stability), total polyphenol content, antioxidant activity, allergen content, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were performed. Generally, the results showed that dried black soldier fly larvae are a good source of protein and fat, up to 33% and 44%, respectively. The fat extracted from the dried insects consisted mainly of saturated fatty acids (above 75%), in particular lauric acid (C12:0). A good oxidative stability of the fat was also observed, especially from samples dried with the IR-CD method. The convective drying technique allowed for better preservation of protein content compared to samples dried with the IR-CD method. Nevertheless, samples treated with PEF were characterized by significantly lower protein content. The samples after PEF pretreatment, with an intensity of 20 and 40 kJ/kg and dried with the IR-CD method, were represented by a significantly higher total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity. Furthermore, in most cases, the convectively dried samples were characterized by a higher allergen content, both crustaceans and mollusks. Taking into account all of the investigated properties, it can be stated that the samples without treatment and those that were PEF-treated with an intensity of 40 kJ/kg and dried with the infrared-convective method (IR-CD) were the most rewarding from the nutritional point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Bogusz
- Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (R.B.); (K.R.)
| | - Joanna Bryś
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Onopiuk
- Department of Technique and Food Development, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Rybak
- Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (R.B.); (K.R.)
| | - Dorota Witrowa-Rajchert
- Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (R.B.); (K.R.)
| | - Małgorzata Nowacka
- Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (R.B.); (K.R.)
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Norsa L, Agostoni C, Capriati T, Campanozzi A, Diamanti A, Lezo A, Gandullia P, Spagnuolo MI, Romano C. Novel insect-based child nutrition: the position of the nutritional committee of the Italian society of pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition (SIGENP). Ital J Pediatr 2023; 49:161. [PMID: 38041096 PMCID: PMC10693123 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-023-01565-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The European Union (EU) approved the placement on European market of insect-based novel foods. Those foods were defined safe for the consumption for all European population, including children. MAIN BODY The nutrition committee of the Italian society of Paediatric Hepatology and Nutrition (SIGENP) performed literature research to understand benefits and risk of those use of those NF for Italian children. A special attention was reserved to the European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) reports upon which those novel insect-based were approved. CONCLUSIONS Based on the current knowledge, despite a possible ecological advantage, the group of expert suggests additional researches before pronouncing on a possible use for children diet, because of insufficient evidence on nutritional benefits and possible food allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Norsa
- Pediatric Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Transplantation ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Piazza Oms 1, 24127, Bergamo, Italy.
| | - Carlo Agostoni
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Teresa Capriati
- Gastroenterology and Nutritional Rehabilitation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Campanozzi
- Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonella Diamanti
- Gastroenterology and Nutritional Rehabilitation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Lezo
- Dietetic and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Pediatric Hospital Regina Margherita, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Gandullia
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Institute "Giannina Gaslini", Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Immacolata Spagnuolo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences - Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Romano
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Siddiqui SA, Tettey E, Yunusa BM, Ngah N, Debrah SK, Yang X, Fernando I, Povetkin SN, Shah MA. Legal situation and consumer acceptance of insects being eaten as human food in different nations across the world-A comprehensive review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:4786-4830. [PMID: 37823805 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Insect consumption is a traditional practice in many countries. Currently, the urgent need for ensuring food sustainability and the high pressure from degrading environment are urging food scientists to rethink the possibility of introducing edible insects as a promising food type. However, due to the lack of the standardized legislative rules and the adequate scientific data that demonstrate the safety of edible insects, many countries still consider it a grey area to introduce edible insects into food supply chains. In this review, we comprehensively reviewed the legal situation, consumer willingness, acceptance, and the knowledge on edible insect harvesting, processing as well as their safety concerns. We found that, despite the great advantage of introducing edible insects in food supply chains, the legal situation and consumer acceptance for edible insects are still unsatisfactory and vary considerably in different countries, which mostly depend on geographical locations and cultural backgrounds involving psychological, social, religious, and anthropological factors. Besides, the safety concern of edible insect consumption is still a major issue hurdling the promotion of edible insects, which is particularly concerning for countries with no practice in consuming insects. Fortunately, the situation is improving. So far, some commercial insect products like energy bars, burgers, and snack foods have emerged in the market. Furthermore, the European Union has also recently issued a specific item for regulating new foods, which is believed to establish an authorized procedure to promote insect-based foods and should be an important step for marketizing edible insects in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Technical University of Munich, Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Straubing, Germany
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.), D-Quakenbrück, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Tettey
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research - Oil Palm Research Institute, Sekondi, Takoradi W/R, Ghana
| | | | - Norhayati Ngah
- Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Shadrack Kwaku Debrah
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Production, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ito Fernando
- Department of Plant Pest and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | | | - Mohd Asif Shah
- Department of Economics, Kabridahar University, Kabridahar, Somali, Ethiopia
- School of Business, Woxsen University, Hyderabad, India
- Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
- Research Fellow, INTI International University, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
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Krongdang S, Phokasem P, Venkatachalam K, Charoenphun N. Edible Insects in Thailand: An Overview of Status, Properties, Processing, and Utilization in the Food Industry. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112162. [PMID: 37297407 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Edible insects have become increasingly popular in Thailand as a nutritious and appealing alternative food source. As the edible insect industry in the country expands rapidly, efforts are being made to transform it into an economically viable sector with substantial commercial potential. Some of the most consumed and sold edible insects in Thailand include locusts, palm weevils, silkworm pupae, bamboo caterpillars, crickets, red ants, and giant water bugs. With its strong growth, Thailand has the potential to emerge as a global leader in the production and promotion of edible insect products. Edible insects are an excellent source of protein, fat, vitamins, and minerals. In particular, crickets and grasshoppers are protein-rich, with the average protein content of edible insects ranging from 35 to 60 g/100 g of dry weight or 10 to 25 g/100 g of fresh weight. This surpasses the protein content of many plant-based sources. However, the hard exoskeleton of insects, which is high in chitin, can make them difficult to digest. In addition to their nutritional value, edible insects contain biologically active compounds that offer various health benefits. These include antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-collagenase, elastase-inhibitory, α-glucosidase-inhibitory, pancreatic lipase-inhibitory, antidiabetic/insulin-like/insulin-like peptide (ApILP), antidiabetic, anti-aging, and immune-enhancing properties. The Thai food industry can process and utilize edible insects in diverse ways, such as low-temperature processing, including refrigeration and freezing, traditional processing techniques, and incorporating insects into products, such as flour, protein, oil, and canned food. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the status, functional properties, processing, and utilization of edible insects in Thailand, and it serves as a valuable resource for those interested in edible insects and provides guidance for their application in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasiprapa Krongdang
- Faculty of Science and Social Sciences, Burapha University Sakaeo Campus, Sakaeo 27160, Thailand
| | - Patcharin Phokasem
- Bee Protection Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Karthikeyan Venkatachalam
- Faculty of Innovative Agriculture and Fishery Establishment Project, Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani Campus, Makham Tia, Muang, Surat Thani 84000, Thailand
| | - Narin Charoenphun
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Burapha University Chanthaburi Campus, Chanthaburi 22170, Thailand
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Edible insects: As traditional medicine for human wellness. FUTURE FOODS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2023.100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
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Aiello D, Barbera M, Bongiorno D, Cammarata M, Censi V, Indelicato S, Mazzotti F, Napoli A, Piazzese D, Saiano F. Edible Insects an Alternative Nutritional Source of Bioactive Compounds: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020699. [PMID: 36677756 PMCID: PMC9861065 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Edible insects have the potential to become one of the major future foods. In fact, they can be considered cheap, highly nutritious, and healthy food sources. International agencies, such as the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), have focused their attention on the consumption of edible insects, in particular, regarding their nutritional value and possible biological, toxicological, and allergenic risks, wishing the development of analytical methods to verify the authenticity, quality, and safety of insect-based products. Edible insects are rich in proteins, fats, fiber, vitamins, and minerals but also seem to contain large amounts of polyphenols able to have a key role in specific bioactivities. Therefore, this review is an overview of the potential of edible insects as a source of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, that can be a function of diet but also related to insect chemical defense. Currently, insect phenolic compounds have mostly been assayed for their antioxidant bioactivity; however, they also exert other activities, such as anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity, antityrosinase, antigenotoxic, and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Aiello
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Marcella Barbera
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - David Bongiorno
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Matteo Cammarata
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Censi
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Serena Indelicato
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Mazzotti
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Anna Napoli
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (D.P.)
| | - Daniela Piazzese
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (D.P.)
| | - Filippo Saiano
- Department Agricultural Food and Forestry Sciences, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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Zhang ZQ, Chen SC, Wei XF, Geng J, Sui ZX, Wang QL, Liu CQ, Xiao JH, Huang DW. Characterization of bioactives and in vitro biological activity from Protaetia brevitarsis larval extracts obtained by different pretreatment extractions. Food Chem 2022; 405:134891. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kim N, Jung S, Lee E, Jo EB, Yoon S, Jeong Y. Gryllus bimaculatus De Geer hydrolysates alleviate lipid accumulation, inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in palmitic acid-treated human hepatoma G2 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 291:115117. [PMID: 35182670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common hepatic diseases closely intertwined with saturated fatty acids intake. Therefore, various studies are being conducted to find natural substances to prevent either the onset or progression of NAFLD. According to traditional medicinal literature, it has been reported that Gryllus bimaculatus De Geer (GB) has systemic detoxifying activity; however, the preventive effects of GB on NAFLD have not been elucidated to date. AIM OF STUDY To evaluate the potential of GB as a material for the mitigation of NAFLD, we investigated the effects of GB hydrolysates on the hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in human hepatoma G2 (Hep G2) cells treated with palmitic acid (PA). METHODS Steamed and dried GB was defatted, pulverized, and then lyophilized following hydrolyzation using Neutrase® (GB-N) or Flavourzyme® (GB-F). Hep G2 cells were incubated with GB-N or GB-F at various concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/mL) for 24 h, and then PA was treated for another 24 h. RESULTS The GB-N and GB-F significantly prevented the PA-induced intracellular lipid accumulation in the human liver cells (p < 0.05). Moreover, the GB-N and GB-F increased the hepatic cellular viability against the PA-treatment (p < 0.05). In addition, the GB-N and GB-F significantly ameliorated the PA-inducible proinflammatory cytokines mRNA expression, such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β, compared to the PA-treated hepatic cells (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the GB-N and GB-F inhibited the PA-inducible lipogenic mRNA expression, such as fatty acid synthase, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (p < 0.05). Moreover, the GB-N and GB-F alleviated the ER stress-related mRNA expression, such as glucose regulatory protein 78 and X-box binding protein increased in PA-treated cells (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that GB-N and GB-F could be used as materials to prevent the NAFLD onset or progression with alleviating hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation, and ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31116, South Korea; Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Nutraceuticals, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31116, South Korea; R&D, Hanmi Natural Nutrition Co., Ltd., Paju, Gyeonggi, 10808, South Korea.
| | - Sunyoon Jung
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31116, South Korea; Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Nutraceuticals, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31116, South Korea.
| | - Eunjung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31116, South Korea; Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Nutraceuticals, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31116, South Korea.
| | - Eun-Byeol Jo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31116, South Korea; Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Nutraceuticals, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31116, South Korea.
| | - Seongjun Yoon
- Department of Baking Science, Hyejeon College, Hongsung, Chungnam, 32244, South Korea.
| | - Yoonhwa Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31116, South Korea; Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Nutraceuticals, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31116, South Korea.
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11
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Silkworm Pupae: A Functional Food with Health Benefits for Humans. Foods 2022; 11:foods11111594. [PMID: 35681343 PMCID: PMC9180533 DOI: 10.3390/foods11111594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Silkworm pupae are insects that are beneficial to human health, not only for their high nutritional value but, more importantly, for the variety of pharmacological functions they can perform when consumed. Currently, there is a lot of interest in the pharmaceutical applications of silkworm pupae. In recent years, the biological functions of domestic silkworm pupae have gradually been identified and confirmed, especially for their beneficial effects on human health. Studies have found that silkworm pupae have positive effects on liver protection, immune enhancement, antiapoptosis, antitumour, antibacterial, regulation of blood glucose and blood lipids, and lowering of blood pressure. However, the pharmacological mechanisms and systemic safety of silkworm pupae have not been systematically evaluated. In this paper, the nutritional composition of the pupae of the domestic silkworm is first summarised. The pharmacological functions of silkworm pupae and their components are then classified, and their mechanisms of occurrence are described. In addition, we provide a preliminary evaluation of the safety of silkworm pupae, analyse their application prospects, and suggest future directions for further pharmacological function studies. The aim is to generate interest in the promotion of human health through the use of silkworm pupae.
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Dragojlović D, Đuragić O, Pezo L, Popović L, Rakita S, Tomičić Z, Spasevski N. Comparison of Nutritional Profiles of Super Worm ( Zophobas morio) and Yellow Mealworm ( Tenebrio molitor) as Alternative Feeds Used in Animal Husbandry: Is Super Worm Superior? Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:1277. [PMID: 35625124 PMCID: PMC9137835 DOI: 10.3390/ani12101277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Edible insects are acknowledged as a valuable nutritional source and promising alternative to traditional feed ingredients, while the optimization of rearing conditions is required for their wider utilization in the animal feed industry. The main goal of this study was to compare and optimize the rearing conditions of the two species' larvae and identify the most favorable nutritive composition of the full-fat larval meal. For that purpose, Tenebrio molitor (TM) and Zophobas morio (ZM) were reared on three different substrates and harvested after three time periods. An artificial neural network (ANN) with multi-objective optimization (MOO) was used to investigate the influence between the observed parameters as well as to optimize and determine rearing conditions. The optimization of the larval rearing conditions showed that the best nutritive composition of full-fat larval meal was obtained for ZM larvae reared on a mixture of cabbage, carrot and flaxseed and harvested after 104 days. The best nutritive composition contained 39.52% protein, 32% crude fat, 44.01% essential amino acids, 65.21 mg/100 g Ca and 651.15 mg/100 g P with a favorable ratio of 1.5 of n6/n3 fatty acids. Additionally, the incorporation of flaxseed in the larval diet resulted in an increase in C18:3n3 content in all samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danka Dragojlović
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (O.Đ.); (S.R.); (Z.T.); (N.S.)
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Olivera Đuragić
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (O.Đ.); (S.R.); (Z.T.); (N.S.)
| | - Lato Pezo
- Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Ljiljana Popović
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Slađana Rakita
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (O.Đ.); (S.R.); (Z.T.); (N.S.)
| | - Zorica Tomičić
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (O.Đ.); (S.R.); (Z.T.); (N.S.)
| | - Nedeljka Spasevski
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (O.Đ.); (S.R.); (Z.T.); (N.S.)
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13
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Lu A, Yuan SM, Xiao H, Yang DS, Ai ZQ, Li QY, Zhao Y, Chen ZZ, Wu XM. QSAR study of phenolic compounds and their anti-DPPH radical activity by discriminant analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7860. [PMID: 35552494 PMCID: PMC9098848 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11925-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds (PCs) could be applied to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and are used to prevent and treat diseases related to oxidative stress. QSAR study was applied to elucidate the relationship between the molecular descriptors and physicochemical properties of polyphenol analogues and their DPPH radical scavenging capability, to guide the design and discovery of highly-potent antioxidant substances more efficiently. PubMed database was used to collect 99 PCs with antioxidant activity, whereas, 105 negative PCs were found in ChEMBL database; their molecular descriptors were generated with Python's Rdkit package. While the molecular descriptors significantly related to the antioxidant activity of PCs were filtered by t-test. The prediction QSAR model was then established by discriminant analysis, and the obtained model was verified by the back-substitution and Leave-One-Out cross-validation methods along with heat map. It was revealed that the anti-DPPH radical activity of PCs was correlated with the drug-likeness and molecular fingerprints, physicochemical, topological, constitutional and electronic property. The established QSAR model could explicitly predict the antioxidant activity of polyphenols, thus were applicable to evaluate the potential of candidates as antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Lu
- School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Meng Yuan
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huai Xiao
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Provincial 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Song Yang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiong Ai
- School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Yan Li
- The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Provincial 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Provincial 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang-Zhi Chen
- PharmaBlock Sciences (Nanjing), Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiu-Mei Wu
- School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, People's Republic of China. .,Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Abstract
Consumption of edible insects has been widely suggested as an environmentally sustainable substitute for meat to reduce GHG emissions. However, the novel research field for edible insects rely on the content of bioactive ingredients and on the ability to induce a functional effect in humans. The goal of this manuscript was to review the available body of evidence on the properties of edible insects in modulating oxidative and inflammatory stress, platelet aggregation, lipid and glucose metabolism and weight control. A search for literature investigating the functional role of edible insects was carried out in the PUBMED database using specific keywords. A total of 55 studies, meeting inclusion criteria after screening, were divided on the basis of the experimental approach: in vitro studies, cellular models/ex vivo studies or in vivo studies. In the majority of the studies, insects demonstrated the ability to reduce oxidative stress, modulate antioxidant status, restore the impaired activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduce markers of oxidative damage. Edible insects displayed anti-inflammatory activity reducing cytokines and modulating specific transcription factors. Results from animal studies suggest that edible insects can modulate lipid and glucose metabolism. The limited number of studies focused on the assessment of anticoagulation activity of edible insects make it difficult to draw conclusions. More evidence from dietary intervention studies in humans is needed to support the promising evidence from in vitro and animal models about the functional role of edible insects consumption.
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15
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Errico S, Spagnoletta A, Verardi A, Moliterni S, Dimatteo S, Sangiorgio P. Tenebrio molitor as a source of interesting natural compounds, their recovery processes, biological effects, and safety aspects. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 21:148-197. [PMID: 34773434 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, it is urgent to produce in larger quantities and more sustainably to reduce the gap between food supply and demand. In a circular bioeconomy vision, insects receive great attention as a sustainable alternative to satisfy food and nutritional needs. Among all insects, Tenebrio molitor (TM) is the first insect approved by the European Food Safety Authority as a novel food in specific conditions and uses, testifying its growing relevance and potential. This review holistically presents the possible role of TM in the sustainable and circular solution to the growing needs for food and nutrients. We analyze all high value-added products obtained from TM (powders and extracts, oils and fatty acids, proteins and peptides, and chitin and chitosan), their recovery processes (evaluating the best ones in technical and environmental terms), their nutritional and economical values, and their biological effects. Safety aspects are also mentioned. TM potential is undoubted, but some aspects still need to be discussed, including the health effects of substances and microorganisms in its body, the optimal production conditions (that affect product quality and safety), and TM capacity to convert by-products into new products. Environmental, economic, social, and market feasibility studies are also required to analyze the new value chains. Finally, to unlock the enormous potential of edible insects as a source of nutritious and sustainable food, it will be necessary to overcome the cultural, psychological, and regulatory barriers still present in Western countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Errico
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Department of Sustainability, Trisaia Research Center, Rotondella, Italy
| | - Anna Spagnoletta
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Department of Sustainability, Trisaia Research Center, Rotondella, Italy
| | - Alessandra Verardi
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Department of Sustainability, Trisaia Research Center, Rotondella, Italy
| | - Stefania Moliterni
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Department of Sustainability, Trisaia Research Center, Rotondella, Italy
| | - Salvatore Dimatteo
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Department of Sustainability, Trisaia Research Center, Rotondella, Italy
| | - Paola Sangiorgio
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Department of Sustainability, Trisaia Research Center, Rotondella, Italy
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16
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Aguilera Y, Pastrana I, Rebollo-Hernanz M, Benitez V, Álvarez-Rivera G, Viejo JL, Martín-Cabrejas MA. Investigating edible insects as a sustainable food source: nutritional value and techno-functional and physiological properties. Food Funct 2021; 12:6309-6322. [PMID: 34085683 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03291c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work is aimed to evaluate the nutritional composition, and the techno-functional and in vitro physiological properties of flours made using six different insect species and the sensorial feasibility of including them in bakery products. The insect flours exhibited high protein and fat contents as their main components, highlighting the presence of chitin in ant samples. The techno-functional properties showed high oil holding, swelling, and emulsifying capacities in all the analysed insect flours, whereas their bulk density, hydration properties, and foaming capacity showed average values and no gelation capacity. Moreover, these edible insect flours exhibited effective hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia properties, which together with their high antioxidant capacity are associated with beneficial in vitro physiological effects. The beetle and caterpillar flours stand out in these properties, and thus were selected to make a cupcake. The sensory evaluation confirmed that the edible beetle powder can be successfully included in baked goods to provide excellent sensory properties and very high acceptance. Thus, these insect flours may be of great interest to the food industry as a healthy source of protein, exerting a positive impact on functional and sensory food properties, and with a potential role in the prevention of diseases associated with hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Aguilera
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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17
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Alagappan S, Chaliha M, Sultanbawa Y, Fuller S, Hoffman L, Netzel G, Weber N, Rychlik M, Cozzolino D, Smyth H, Olarte Mantilla S. Nutritional analysis, volatile composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of Australian green ants (Oecophylla smaragdina). FUTURE FOODS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2020.100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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18
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D'Antonio V, Serafini M, Battista N. Dietary Modulation of Oxidative Stress From Edible Insects: A Mini-Review. Front Nutr 2021; 8:642551. [PMID: 33718423 PMCID: PMC7952304 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.642551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Edible insects are proposed as a nutritious and environmentally sustainable alternative source to animal proteins, due to their numerous advantages in terms of reduced ecological impact and high nutritional value. However, the novelty for edible insects relies on the content of bioactive ingredients potentially able to induce a functional effect in the body. The present review summarizes the main findings on the antioxidant properties of edible insects available in the literature. A total of 30 studies involving animals, cell cultures, or in vitro experimental studies evaluating the antioxidant effect of edible insects are presented in this work. When the antioxidant activity was investigated, using a wide variety of in vitro tests and in cellular models, positive results were shown. Dietary supplementation with edible insects was also able to counteract dietary oxidative stress in animal models, restoring the balance of antioxidant enzymes and reducing the formation of oxidation damage markers. On the basis of the reviewed evidences, edible insects might represent a source of novel redox ingredients at low ecological impact able to modulate oxidative stress. However, due to the fact that majority of these evidences have been obtained in vitro and in cellular and animal models, dietary intervention trials are needed to assess the efficacy of edible insect consumption to modulate redox status in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica D'Antonio
- Faculty of Biosciences and Technologies for Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Mauro Serafini
- Faculty of Biosciences and Technologies for Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Natalia Battista
- Faculty of Biosciences and Technologies for Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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19
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Ghosh S, Tchibozo S, Lanmantchion E, Meyer-Rochow VB, Jung C. Observations on How People in Two Locations of the Plateau Département of Southeast Benin Perceive Entomophagy: A Study From West Africa. Front Nutr 2021; 8:637385. [PMID: 33718420 PMCID: PMC7943480 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.637385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We surveyed the local populations of Kétou and Pobè in Southeast Benin through interviews and with the aid of a semi-structured questionnaire in order to understand how they currently perceive entomophagy, an age-old tradition in their communities. The study revealed that the majority of the population was familiar with the use of insects as food, and a sizable number of people were still interested in insect consumption. Gender differences were not apparent. Tradition or culture was identified as the most influential factor, followed by taste, as determinants for eating or rejecting insects. However, identifying the edible species and comparing practices how they were prepared for consumption, we found that the knowledge was not homogenous across the society of Benin, with differences depending on ethnicity, culture, respondent's age, and educational background. Awareness and promotion of food insects in the society should help to preserve the practice of entomophagy and in turn could lead to the provision of much needed nutritional supplements to the poorer and disadvantaged sections of the society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampat Ghosh
- Agriculture Science and Technology Research Institute, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea
| | - Séverin Tchibozo
- Centre de Recherche pour la Gestion de la Biodiversité, Cotonou, Benin
| | | | - Victor Benno Meyer-Rochow
- Agriculture Science and Technology Research Institute, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea.,Department of Ecology and Genetics, Oulu University, Oulu, Finland
| | - Chuleui Jung
- Agriculture Science and Technology Research Institute, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea.,Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea
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20
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Kim JH, Kim EY, Chung KJ, Lee JH, Choi HJ, Chung TW, Kim KJ. Mealworm Oil (MWO) Enhances Wound Healing Potential through the Activation of Fibroblast and Endothelial Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040779. [PMID: 33546205 PMCID: PMC7913324 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mealworm and mealworm oil (MWO) have been reported to affect antioxidant, anti-coagulation, anti-adipogenic and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the function of MWO in wound healing is still unclear. In this study, we found that MWO induced the migration of fibroblast cells and mRNA expressions of wound healing factors such as alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen-1 (COL-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in fibroblast cells. The tube formation and migration of endothelial cells were promoted through the activation of VEGF/VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2)-mediated downstream signals including AKT, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 by MWO-stimulated fibroblasts for angiogenesis. Moreover, we confirmed that MWO promoted skin wound repair by collagen synthesis, re-epithelialization and angiogenesis in an in vivo excisional wound model. These results demonstrate that MWO might have potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of skin wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joung-Hee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, TaeKyeung University, 65, Danbuk 1-gil, Jain-myeon, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38547, Korea;
| | - Eun-Yeong Kim
- APROGEN, Inc., 545, Dunchon-daero, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13215, Korea;
| | - Kyu Jin Chung
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, 170, Hyeonchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu 42415, Korea;
| | - Jung-Hee Lee
- JIN BioCell Co., Ltd., #118-119, National Clinical Research Center for Korean Medicine, Pusan National University Korean Medicine Hospital, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Korea; (J.-H.L.); (H.-J.C.)
| | - Hee-Jung Choi
- JIN BioCell Co., Ltd., #118-119, National Clinical Research Center for Korean Medicine, Pusan National University Korean Medicine Hospital, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Korea; (J.-H.L.); (H.-J.C.)
| | - Tae-Wook Chung
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, TaeKyeung University, 65, Danbuk 1-gil, Jain-myeon, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38547, Korea;
- JIN BioCell Co., Ltd., #118-119, National Clinical Research Center for Korean Medicine, Pusan National University Korean Medicine Hospital, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Korea; (J.-H.L.); (H.-J.C.)
- Correspondence: (T.-W.C.); (K.-J.K.)
| | - Keuk-Jun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, TaeKyeung University, 65, Danbuk 1-gil, Jain-myeon, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38547, Korea;
- Correspondence: (T.-W.C.); (K.-J.K.)
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21
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Lee S, Seo YH, Song JH, Kim WJ, Lee JH, Moon BC, Ang MJ, Kim SH, Moon C, Lee J, Kim JS. Neuroprotective Effect of Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis' Water Extract on Trimethyltin-Induced Seizures and Hippocampal Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020679. [PMID: 33445535 PMCID: PMC7827571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether the Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (PB)’ water extract (PBWE) ameliorates trimethyltin (TMT)-induced seizures and hippocampal neurodegeneration. To investigate the potential neuroprotective effect of the PBWE in vitro, a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay was conducted in TMT-treated primary cultures of mouse hippocampal neurons. In TMT-treated adult C57BL/6 mice, behavioral and histopathological changes were evaluated by seizure scoring and Fluoro-Jade C staining, respectively. In our in vitro assay, we observed that pretreating mice hippocampal neuron cultures with the PBWE reduced TMT-induced cytotoxicity, as indicated by the decreased LDH release. Furthermore, pretreatment with the PBWE alleviated seizures and hippocampal neurodegeneration in TMT-treated mice. The antioxidant activity of the PBWE increased in a dose-dependent manner; moreover, pretreatment with the PBWE mitigated the TMT-induced Nrf2 stimulation. In addition, six major compounds, including adenine, hypoxanthine, uridine, adenosine, inosine, and benzoic acid, were isolated from the PBWE, and among them, inosine and benzoic acid have been confirmed to have an essential antioxidative activity. In conclusion, the PBWE ameliorated TMT-induced toxicity in hippocampal neurons in both in vitro and in vivo assays, through a potential antioxidative effect. Our findings suggest that the PBWE may have pharmacotherapeutic potential in neurodegenerative diseases such as seizures or epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sueun Lee
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju 58245, Korea; (S.L.); (Y.H.S.); (J.H.S.); (W.J.K.); (J.H.L.); (B.C.M.)
| | - Young Hye Seo
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju 58245, Korea; (S.L.); (Y.H.S.); (J.H.S.); (W.J.K.); (J.H.L.); (B.C.M.)
| | - Jun Ho Song
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju 58245, Korea; (S.L.); (Y.H.S.); (J.H.S.); (W.J.K.); (J.H.L.); (B.C.M.)
| | - Wook Jin Kim
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju 58245, Korea; (S.L.); (Y.H.S.); (J.H.S.); (W.J.K.); (J.H.L.); (B.C.M.)
| | - Ji Hye Lee
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju 58245, Korea; (S.L.); (Y.H.S.); (J.H.S.); (W.J.K.); (J.H.L.); (B.C.M.)
| | - Byeong Cheol Moon
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju 58245, Korea; (S.L.); (Y.H.S.); (J.H.S.); (W.J.K.); (J.H.L.); (B.C.M.)
| | - Mary Jasmin Ang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (M.J.A.); (S.H.K.); (C.M.)
| | - Sung Ho Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (M.J.A.); (S.H.K.); (C.M.)
| | - Changjong Moon
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (M.J.A.); (S.H.K.); (C.M.)
| | - Jun Lee
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju 58245, Korea; (S.L.); (Y.H.S.); (J.H.S.); (W.J.K.); (J.H.L.); (B.C.M.)
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (J.S.K.); Tel.: +82-61-338-7129 (J.L.); +82-61-338-7111 (J.S.K.)
| | - Joong Sun Kim
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju 58245, Korea; (S.L.); (Y.H.S.); (J.H.S.); (W.J.K.); (J.H.L.); (B.C.M.)
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (J.S.K.); Tel.: +82-61-338-7129 (J.L.); +82-61-338-7111 (J.S.K.)
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22
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Baek SY, Li FY, Kim JH, Ahn C, Kim HJ, Kim MR. Protein Hydrolysate of Silkworm Pupa Prevents Memory Impairment Induced by Oxidative Stress in Scopolamine-Induced Mice via Modulating the Cholinergic Nervous System and Antioxidant Defense System. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2020; 25:389-399. [PMID: 33505933 PMCID: PMC7813599 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2020.25.4.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Silkworm pupae (Bombyx mori) is an edible insect that has been reported to contain high-quality proteins, lipids, minerals, and vitamins, and to possess high antioxidant activity. However, there have been no studies on the neuroprotective effects of silkworm pupae. Therefore, we investigated a water extract of silkworm pupae with protease (WSP) as a functional and therapeutic candidate for neurodegenerative disorders. First, we evaluated the effect of WSP on oxidative stress-induced mouse hippocampal neuronal cells (HT-22 cells). Cell viability diminished by addition of glutamate but was significantly recovered by WSP treatment. Furthermore, WSP significantly decreased the release of lactate dehydrogenase and generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species in oxidative stress-induced cells. In addition, in scopolamine-treated mice, WSP attenuated memory impairment, as demonstrated in the Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests, indicating protection of neuronal cells against oxidative damage. Moreover, WSP prevented scopolamine-induced increases in acetylcholinesterase activity and decreases in choline-acetyltransferase activity. Finally, treatment with WSP enhanced the antioxidant defense system by regulating the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Overall, this study showed that WSP exerted antioxidant and memory enhancing action against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yeon Baek
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Fu Yi Li
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Kim
- Department Health Food Development Team, R&D Center, Nongshim Co., Ltd., Seoul 07057, Kor
| | - Changwon Ahn
- Department Health Food Development Team, R&D Center, Nongshim Co., Ltd., Seoul 07057, Kor
| | - Hun Jung Kim
- Department Health Food Development Team, R&D Center, Nongshim Co., Ltd., Seoul 07057, Kor
| | - Mee Ree Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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23
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Meyer-Rochow VB, Jung C. Insects Used as Food and Feed: Isn't That What We All Need? Foods 2020; 9:foods9081003. [PMID: 32726913 PMCID: PMC7466229 DOI: 10.3390/foods9081003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This Special Issue of Foods explores different aspects of how insects can be used as a novel resource for food and feed. Some contributions deal with questions of acceptability and legality, others tackle problems related to innovative techniques in processing and marketing food, and yet another group of papers highlights the use of insects and their bio-active products in the context of promoting human health. The collective aim of the contributions by the researchers from at least 20 countries is to examine whether the use of insects—be it for food, feed, or therapeutic purposes—has a future. We conclude that positive aspects undoubtedly exist regarding the nutritional and pharmacological value of various insect species but that environmental and bio-functional issues could even outweigh the nutritional value of food insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Benno Meyer-Rochow
- Agricultural Science and Technology Research Institute, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea
- Department of Genetics and Ecology, Oulu University, SF-90140 Oulu, Finland
- Correspondence: (V.B.M.-R.); (C.J.)
| | - Chuleui Jung
- Agricultural Science and Technology Research Institute, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea
- Department of Plant medicals, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea
- Correspondence: (V.B.M.-R.); (C.J.)
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Ghosh S, Sohn HY, Pyo SJ, Jensen AB, Meyer-Rochow VB, Jung C. Nutritional Composition of Apis mellifera Drones from Korea and Denmark as a Potential Sustainable Alternative Food Source: Comparison Between Developmental Stages. Foods 2020; 9:E389. [PMID: 32230865 PMCID: PMC7230812 DOI: 10.3390/foods9040389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We compared nutrient compositions of honey bee (Apis mellifera) drones of different developmental stages from two different populations-the Italian honey bee reared in Korea and Buckfast bees from Denmark. Analyses included amino acid, fatty acid, and mineral content as well as evaluations of antioxidant properties and haemolysis activities. The compositions of total amino acids, and thus protein content of the insects, increased with development. A similar trend was observed for minerals presumably due to the consumption of food in the adult stage. In contrast, total fatty acid amounts decreased with development. Altogether, seventeen amino acids, including all the essential ones, except tryptophan, were determined. Saturated fatty acids dominated over monounsaturated fatty acids in the pupae, but the reverse held true for the adults. Drones were found to be rich in minerals and the particularly high iron as well as K/Na ratio was indicative of the nutritional value of these insects. Among the three developmental stages, adult Buckfast drones exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. Bearing in mind the overall high nutritional value, i.e., high amino acids, minerals and less fatty acids, late pupae and adult drones can be useful for human consumption while the larvae or early pupal stage can be recommended as feed. However, owing to their relatively high haemolysis activity, we advocate processing prior to the consumption of these insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampat Ghosh
- Agricultural Science and Technology Research Institute, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea; (S.G.); (V.B.M.-R.)
| | - Ho-Yong Sohn
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea; (H.-Y.S.); (S.-J.P.)
| | - Su-Jin Pyo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea; (H.-Y.S.); (S.-J.P.)
| | - Annette Bruun Jensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark;
| | - Victor Benno Meyer-Rochow
- Agricultural Science and Technology Research Institute, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea; (S.G.); (V.B.M.-R.)
- Department of Genetics and Ecology, Oulu University, SF-90140 Oulu, Finland
| | - Chuleui Jung
- Agricultural Science and Technology Research Institute, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea; (S.G.); (V.B.M.-R.)
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea
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