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Hong J, Han S, Geem KR, Bae W, Kim J, Jee MG, Lee JW, Kim JU, Lee G, Joo Y, Shim D, Ryu H. Identification of a key signaling network regulating perennating bud dormancy in Panax ginseng. J Ginseng Res 2024; 48:511-519. [PMID: 39263311 PMCID: PMC11385393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The cycle of seasonal dormancy of perennating buds is an essential adaptation of perennial plants to unfavorable winter conditions. Plant hormones are key regulators of this critical biological process, which is intricately connected with diverse internal and external factors. Recently, global warming has increased the frequency of aberrant temperature events that negatively affect the dormancy cycle of perennials. Although many studies have been conducted on the perennating organs of Panax ginseng, the molecular aspects of bud dormancy in this species remain largely unknown. Methods In this study, the molecular physiological responses of three P. ginseng cultivars with different dormancy break phenotypes in the spring were dissected using comparative genome-wide RNA-seq and network analyses. These analyses identified a key role for abscisic acid (ABA) activity in the regulation of bud dormancy. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that a transcriptional network comprising stress-related hormone responses made a major contribution to the maintenance of dormancy. Results Increased expression levels of cold response and photosynthesis-related genes were associated with the transition from dormancy to active growth in perennating buds. Finally, the expression patterns of genes encoding ABA transporters, receptors (PYRs/PYLs), PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2Cs (PP2Cs), and DELLAs were highly correlated with different dormancy states in three P. ginseng cultivars. Conclusion This study provides evidence that ABA and stress signaling outputs are intricately connected with a key signaling network to regulate bud dormancy under seasonal conditions in the perennial plant P. ginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeoungeui Hong
- Department of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Soeun Han
- Department of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Rok Geem
- Department of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonsil Bae
- Department of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyong Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Geun Jee
- Ginseng & Medicinal Plant Research Institute, Chungnam Agricultural Research & Extention Service, Keumsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Uk Kim
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Gisuk Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsung Joo
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghwan Shim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojin Ryu
- Department of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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Derbyshire MC, Newman TE, Thomas WJW, Batley J, Edwards D. The complex relationship between disease resistance and yield in crops. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:2612-2623. [PMID: 38743906 PMCID: PMC11331782 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
In plants, growth and defence are controlled by many molecular pathways that are antagonistic to one another. This results in a 'growth-defence trade-off', where plants temporarily reduce growth in response to pests or diseases. Due to this antagonism, genetic variants that improve resistance often reduce growth and vice versa. Therefore, in natural populations, the most disease resistant individuals are often the slowest growing. In crops, slow growth may translate into a yield penalty, but resistance is essential for protecting yield in the presence of disease. Therefore, plant breeders must balance these traits to ensure optimal yield potential and yield stability. In crops, both qualitative and quantitative disease resistance are often linked with genetic variants that cause yield penalties, but this is not always the case. Furthermore, both crop yield and disease resistance are complex traits influenced by many aspects of the plant's physiology, morphology and environment, and the relationship between the molecular growth-defence trade-off and disease resistance-yield antagonism is not well-understood. In this article, we highlight research from the last 2 years on the molecular mechanistic basis of the antagonism between defence and growth. We then discuss the interaction between disease resistance and crop yield from a breeding perspective, outlining the complexity and nuances of this relationship and where research can aid practical methods for simultaneous improvement of yield potential and disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Derbyshire
- Centre for Crop and Disease ManagementCurtin UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Toby E. Newman
- Centre for Crop and Disease ManagementCurtin UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - William J. W. Thomas
- Centre for Applied Bioinformatics and School of Biological ScienceUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Jacqueline Batley
- Centre for Applied Bioinformatics and School of Biological ScienceUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - David Edwards
- Centre for Applied Bioinformatics and School of Biological ScienceUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
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3
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Skytte Af Sätra J, Garkava-Gustavsson L, Ingvarsson PK. Why we thrive beneath a northern sky - genomic signals of selection in apple for adaptation to northern Sweden. Heredity (Edinb) 2024; 133:67-77. [PMID: 38834867 PMCID: PMC11286948 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-024-00693-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Good understanding of the genomic regions underlying adaptation of apple to boreal climates is needed to facilitate efficient breeding of locally adapted apple cultivars. Proper infrastructure for phenotyping and evaluation is essential for identification of traits responsible for adaptation, and dissection of their genetic composition. However, such infrastructure is costly and currently not available for the boreal zone of northern Sweden. Therefore, we used historical pomological data on climate adaptation of 59 apple cultivars and whole genome sequencing to identify genomic regions that have undergone historical selection among apple cultivars recommended for cultivation in northern Sweden. We found the apple collection to be composed of two ancestral groups that are largely concordant with the grouping into 'hardy' and 'not hardy' cultivars based on the pomological literature. Using a number of genome-wide scans for signals of selection, we obtained strong evidence of positive selection at a genomic region around 29 MbHFTH1 of chromosome 1 among apple cultivars in the 'hardy' group. Using phased genotypic data from the 20 K apple Infinium® SNP array, we identified haplotypes associated with the two cultivar groups and traced transmission of these haplotypes through the pedigrees of some apple cultivars. This demonstrates that historical data from pomological literature can be analyzed by population genomic approaches as a step towards revealing the genomic control of a key property for a horticultural niche market. Such knowledge is needed to facilitate efficient breeding strategies for development of locally adapted apple cultivars in the future. The current study illustrates the response to a very strong selective pressure imposed on tree crops by climatic factors, and the importance of genetic research on this topic and feasibility of breeding efforts in the light of the ongoing climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Skytte Af Sätra
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - L Garkava-Gustavsson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - P K Ingvarsson
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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4
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Ma MM, Zhang HF, Tian Q, Wang HC, Zhang FY, Tian X, Zeng RF, Huang XM. MIKC type MADS-box transcription factor LcSVP2 is involved in dormancy regulation of the terminal buds in evergreen perennial litchi ( Litchi chinensis Sonn.). HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae150. [PMID: 38988620 PMCID: PMC11233856 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP), a member of the MADS-box transcription factor family, has been reported to regulate bud dormancy in deciduous perennial plants. Previously, three LcSVPs (LcSVP1, LcSVP2 and LcSVP3) were identified from litchi genome, and LcSVP2 was highly expressed in the terminal buds of litchi during growth cessation or dormancy stages and down-regulated during growth stages. In this study, the role of LcSVP2 in governing litchi bud dormancy was examined. LcSVP2 was highly expressed in the shoots, especially in the terminal buds at growth cessation stage, whereas low expression was showed in roots, female flowers and seeds. LcSVP2 was found to be located in the nucleus and have transcription inhibitory activity. Overexpression of LcSVP2 in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in a later flowering phenotype compared to the wild-type control. Silencing LcSVP2 in growing litchi terminal buds delayed re-entry of dormancy, resulting in significantly lower dormancy rate. The treatment also significantly up-regulated litchi FLOWERING LOCUS T2 (LcFT2). Further study indicates that LcSVP2 interacts with an AP2-type transcription factor, SMALL ORGAN SIZE1 (LcSMOS1). Silencing LcSMOS1 promoted budbreak and delayed bud dormancy. Abscisic acid (200 mg/L), which enforced bud dormancy, induced a short-term increase in the expression of LcSVP2 and LcSMOS1. Our study reveals that LcSVP2 may play a crucial role, likely together with LcSMOS1, in dormancy onset of the terminal bud and may also serve as a flowering repressor in evergreen perennial litchi.
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Rodriguez-Izquierdo A, Carrasco D, Anand L, Magnani R, Catarecha P, Arroyo-Garcia R, Rodriguez Lopez CM. Epigenetic differences between wild and cultivated grapevines highlight the contribution of DNA methylation during crop domestication. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:504. [PMID: 38840239 PMCID: PMC11155169 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05197-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The domestication process in grapevines has facilitated the fixation of desired traits. Nowadays, vegetative propagation through cuttings enables easier preservation of these genotypes compared to sexual reproduction. Nonetheless, even with vegetative propagation, various phenotypes are often present within the same vineyard due to the accumulation of somatic mutations. These mutations are not the sole factors influencing phenotype. Alongside somatic variations, epigenetic variation has been proposed as a pivotal player in regulating phenotypic variability acquired during domestication. The emergence of these epialleles might have significantly influenced grapevine domestication over time. This study aims to investigate the impact of domestication on methylation patterns in cultivated grapevines. Reduced-representation bisulfite sequencing was conducted on 18 cultivated and wild accessions. Results revealed that cultivated grapevines exhibited higher methylation levels than their wild counterparts. Differential Methylation Analysis between wild and cultivated grapevines identified a total of 9955 differentially methylated cytosines, of which 78% were hypermethylated in cultivated grapevines. Functional analysis shows that core methylated genes (consistently methylated in both wild and cultivated accessions) are associated with stress response and terpenoid/isoprenoid metabolic processes. Meanwhile, genes with differential methylation are linked to protein targeting to the peroxisome, ethylene regulation, histone modifications, and defense response. Collectively, our results highlight the significant roles that epialleles may have played throughout the domestication history of grapevines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Rodriguez-Izquierdo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP-INIA), CSIC - Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Carrasco
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP-INIA), CSIC - Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lakshay Anand
- Environmental Epigenetics and Genetics Group (EEGG), Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Food and environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Roberta Magnani
- Environmental Epigenetics and Genetics Group (EEGG), Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Food and environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Pablo Catarecha
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP-INIA), CSIC - Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Arroyo-Garcia
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP-INIA), CSIC - Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carlos M Rodriguez Lopez
- Environmental Epigenetics and Genetics Group (EEGG), Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Food and environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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Fu Y, Ma L, Li J, Hou D, Zeng B, Zhang L, Liu C, Bi Q, Tan J, Yu X, Bi J, Luo L. Factors Influencing Seed Dormancy and Germination and Advances in Seed Priming Technology. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1319. [PMID: 38794390 PMCID: PMC11125191 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Seed dormancy and germination play pivotal roles in the agronomic traits of plants, and the degree of dormancy intuitively affects the yield and quality of crops in agricultural production. Seed priming is a pre-sowing seed treatment that enhances and accelerates germination, leading to improved seedling establishment. Seed priming technologies, which are designed to partially activate germination, while preventing full seed germination, have exerted a profound impact on agricultural production. Conventional seed priming relies on external priming agents, which often yield unstable results. What works for one variety might not be effective for another. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the internal factors within the metabolic pathways that influence seed physiology and germination. This review unveils the underlying mechanisms of seed metabolism and germination, the factors affecting seed dormancy and germination, as well as the current seed priming technologies that can result in stable and better germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Fu
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai 201106, China; (Y.F.); (X.Y.); (L.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201106, China; (J.L.); (D.H.); (Q.B.); (J.T.)
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Li Ma
- Institute for Sustainable Horticulture, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, 20901 Langley Bypass, Langley, BC V3A 8G9, Canada;
| | - Juncai Li
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201106, China; (J.L.); (D.H.); (Q.B.); (J.T.)
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Danping Hou
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201106, China; (J.L.); (D.H.); (Q.B.); (J.T.)
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bo Zeng
- National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, Room 622, Building 20, Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100125, China; (B.Z.); (L.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Like Zhang
- National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, Room 622, Building 20, Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100125, China; (B.Z.); (L.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Chunqing Liu
- National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, Room 622, Building 20, Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100125, China; (B.Z.); (L.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Qingyu Bi
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201106, China; (J.L.); (D.H.); (Q.B.); (J.T.)
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinsong Tan
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201106, China; (J.L.); (D.H.); (Q.B.); (J.T.)
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xinqiao Yu
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai 201106, China; (Y.F.); (X.Y.); (L.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201106, China; (J.L.); (D.H.); (Q.B.); (J.T.)
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Junguo Bi
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201106, China; (J.L.); (D.H.); (Q.B.); (J.T.)
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lijun Luo
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai 201106, China; (Y.F.); (X.Y.); (L.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201106, China; (J.L.); (D.H.); (Q.B.); (J.T.)
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Walde MG, Wenden B, Chuine I, Gessler A, Saurer M, Vitasse Y. Stable water isotopes reveal the onset of bud dormancy in temperate trees, whereas water content is a better proxy for dormancy release. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpae028. [PMID: 38417929 PMCID: PMC11016847 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Earlier spring growth onset in temperate forests is a visible effect of global warming that alters global water and carbon cycling. Consequently, it becomes crucial to accurately predict the future spring phenological shifts in vegetation under different climate warming scenarios. However, current phenological models suffer from a lack of physiological insights of tree dormancy and are rarely experimentally validated. Here, we sampled twig cuttings of five deciduous tree species at two climatically different locations (270 and 750 m a.s.l., ~ 2.3 °C difference) throughout the winter of 2019-20. Twig budburst success, thermal time to budburst, bud water content and short-term 2H-labelled water uptake into buds were quantified to link bud dormancy status with vascular water transport efficacy, with the objective of establishing connections between the dormancy status of buds and their effectiveness in vascular water transport. We found large differences in the dormancy status between species throughout the entire investigation period, likely reflecting species-specific environmental requirements to initiate and release dormancy, whereas only small differences in the dormancy status were found between the two studied sites. We found strong 2H-labelled water uptake into buds during leaf senescence, followed by a sharp decrease, which we ascribed to the initiation of endodormancy. However, surprisingly, we did not find a progressive increase in 2H-labelled water uptake into buds as winter advanced. Nonetheless, all examined tree species exhibited a consistent relationship between bud water content and dormancy status. Our results suggest that short-term 2H-labelled water uptake may not be a robust indicator of dormancy release, yet it holds promise as a method for tracking the induction of dormancy in deciduous trees. By contrast, bud water content emerges as a cost-effective and more reliable indicator of dormancy release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel G Walde
- Ecosystem Ecology, Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Bénédicte Wenden
- INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, UMR Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 71 av. Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Isabelle Chuine
- CEFE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Ecosystem Ecology, Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Universitätsstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Saurer
- Ecosystem Ecology, Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Yann Vitasse
- Ecosystem Ecology, Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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Kerr SC, Shehnaz S, Paudel L, Manivannan MS, Shaw LM, Johnson A, Velasquez JTJ, Tanurdžić M, Cazzonelli CI, Varkonyi-Gasic E, Prentis PJ. Advancing tree genomics to future proof next generation orchard production. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1321555. [PMID: 38312357 PMCID: PMC10834703 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1321555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The challenges facing tree orchard production in the coming years will be largely driven by changes in the climate affecting the sustainability of farming practices in specific geographical regions. Identifying key traits that enable tree crops to modify their growth to varying environmental conditions and taking advantage of new crop improvement opportunities and technologies will ensure the tree crop industry remains viable and profitable into the future. In this review article we 1) outline climate and sustainability challenges relevant to horticultural tree crop industries, 2) describe key tree crop traits targeted for improvement in agroecosystem productivity and resilience to environmental change, and 3) discuss existing and emerging genomic technologies that provide opportunities for industries to future proof the next generation of orchards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Kerr
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Saiyara Shehnaz
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lucky Paudel
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Mekaladevi S Manivannan
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Lindsay M Shaw
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Amanda Johnson
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jose Teodoro J Velasquez
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Miloš Tanurdžić
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Erika Varkonyi-Gasic
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter J Prentis
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Chen Z, Chen Y, Shi L, Wang L, Li W. Interaction of Phytohormones and External Environmental Factors in the Regulation of the Bud Dormancy in Woody Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17200. [PMID: 38139028 PMCID: PMC10743443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bud dormancy and release are essential phenomena that greatly assist in adapting to adverse growing conditions and promoting the holistic growth and development of perennial plants. The dormancy and release process of buds in temperate perennial trees involves complex interactions between physiological and biochemical processes influenced by various environmental factors, representing a meticulously orchestrated life cycle. In this review, we summarize the role of phytohormones and their crosstalk in the establishment and release of bud dormancy. External environmental factors, such as light and temperature, play a crucial role in regulating bud germination. We also highlight the mechanisms of how light and temperature are involved in the regulation of bud dormancy by modulating phytohormones. Moreover, the role of nutrient factors, including sugar, in regulating bud dormancy is also discussed. This review provides a foundation for enhancing our understanding of plant growth and development patterns, fostering agricultural production, and exploring plant adaptive responses to adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Weixing Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.C.); (Y.C.); (L.S.); (L.W.)
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Zhao Y, Pan W, Xin Y, Wu J, Li R, Shi J, Long S, Qu L, Yang Y, Yi M, Wu J. Regulating bulb dormancy release and flowering in lily through chemical modulation of intercellular communication. PLANT METHODS 2023; 19:136. [PMID: 38012626 PMCID: PMC10683273 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01113-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Lily is a bulbous plant with an endogenous dormancy trait. Fine-tuning bulb dormancy release is still a challenge in the development of bulb storage technology. In this study, we identified three regulators of symplastic transport, 2,3-Butanedione oxime (BDM), N-Ethyl maleimide (NEM), and 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (DDG), that also regulate bulb dormancy release. We demonstrated that BDM and DDG inhibited callose synthesis between cells and promoted symplastic transport and soluble sugars in the shoot apical meristem (SAM), eventually accelerating bulb dormancy release and flowering in lilies. Conversely, NEM had the opposite effect. These three regulators can be flexibly applied to either accelerate or delay lily bulb dormancy release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenqiang Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yin Xin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingxiang Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Rong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinxin Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuo Long
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lianwei Qu
- Institute of Floriculture, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Yingdong Yang
- Institute of Floriculture, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Mingfang Yi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, China.
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11
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Tang J, Chen Y, Huang C, Li C, Feng Y, Wang H, Ding C, Li N, Wang L, Zeng J, Yang Y, Hao X, Wang X. Uncovering the complex regulatory network of spring bud sprouting in tea plants: insights from metabolic, hormonal, and oxidative stress pathways. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1263606. [PMID: 37936941 PMCID: PMC10627156 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1263606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The sprouting process of tea buds is an essential determinant of tea quality and taste, thus profoundly impacting the tea industry. Buds spring sprouting is also a crucial biological process adapting to external environment for tea plants and regulated by complex transcriptional and metabolic networks. This study aimed to investigate the molecular basis of bud sprouting in tea plants firstly based on the comparisons of metabolic and transcriptional profiles of buds at different developmental stages. Results notably highlighted several essential processes involved in bud sprouting regulation, including the interaction of plant hormones, glucose metabolism, and reactive oxygen species scavenging. Particularly prior to bud sprouting, the accumulation of soluble sugar reserves and moderate oxidative stress may have served as crucial components facilitating the transition from dormancy to active growth in buds. Following the onset of sprouting, zeatin served as the central component in a multifaceted regulatory mechanism of plant hormones that activates a range of growth-related factors, ultimately leading to the promotion of bud growth. This process was accompanied by significant carbohydrate consumption. Moreover, related key genes and metabolites were further verified during the entire overwintering bud development or sprouting processes. A schematic diagram involving the regulatory mechanism of bud sprouting was ultimately proposed, which provides fundamental insights into the complex interactions involved in tea buds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Congcong Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Feng
- Zhejiang Provincial Seed Management Station, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoqian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changqing Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nana Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianming Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yajun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyuan Hao
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Yu S, Amaral D, Brown PH, Ferguson L, Tian L. Temporal transcriptome and metabolite analyses provide insights into the biochemical and physiological processes underlying endodormancy release in pistachio ( Pistacia vera L.) flower buds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1240442. [PMID: 37810399 PMCID: PMC10556704 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1240442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.), an economically and nutritionally important tree crop, relies on winter chill for bud endodormancy break and subsequent blooming and nut production. However, insufficient winter chill poses an increasing challenge in pistachio growing regions. To gain a better understanding of the physiological and biochemical responses of endodormant pistachio buds to chilling accumulation, we investigated the global gene expression changes in flower buds of pistachio cv. Kerman that were cultivated at three different orchard locations and exposed to increasing durations of winter chill. The expression of genes encoding β-1,3-glucanase and β-amylase, enzymes responsible for breaking down callose (β-1,3-glucan) and starch (α-1,4-glucan), respectively, increased during the endodormancy break of pistachio buds. This result suggested that the breakdown of callose obstructing stomata as well as the release of glucose from starch enables symplasmic trafficking and provides energy for bud endodormancy break and growth. Interestingly, as chilling accumulation increased, there was a decrease in the expression of nine-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED), encoding an enzyme that uses carotenoids as substrates and catalyzes the rate-limiting step in abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis. The decrease in NCED expression suggests ABA biosynthesis is suppressed, thus reducing inhibition of endodormancy break. The higher levels of carotenoid precursors and a decrease in ABA content in buds undergoing endodormancy break supports this suggestion. Collectively, the temporal transcriptome and biochemical analyses revealed that the degradation of structural (callose) and non-structural (starch) carbohydrates, along with the attenuation of ABA biosynthesis, are critical processes driving endodormancy break in pistachio buds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yu
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Douglas Amaral
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- University of California Cooperative Extension Kings County, Hanford, CA, United States
| | - Patrick H. Brown
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Louise Ferguson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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13
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Dun EA, Brewer PB, Gillam EMJ, Beveridge CA. Strigolactones and Shoot Branching: What Is the Real Hormone and How Does It Work? PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:967-983. [PMID: 37526426 PMCID: PMC10504579 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
There have been substantial advances in our understanding of many aspects of strigolactone regulation of branching since the discovery of strigolactones as phytohormones. These include further insights into the network of phytohormones and other signals that regulate branching, as well as deep insights into strigolactone biosynthesis, metabolism, transport, perception and downstream signaling. In this review, we provide an update on recent advances in our understanding of how the strigolactone pathway co-ordinately and dynamically regulates bud outgrowth and pose some important outstanding questions that are yet to be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Dun
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Philip B Brewer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture Food & Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M J Gillam
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Christine A Beveridge
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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14
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Karami O, Mueller-Roeber B, Rahimi A. The central role of stem cells in determining plant longevity variation. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100566. [PMID: 36840355 PMCID: PMC10504568 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Vascular plants display a huge variety of longevity patterns, from a few weeks for several annual species up to thousands of years for some perennial species. Understanding how longevity variation is structured has long been considered a fundamental aspect of the life sciences in view of evolution, species distribution, and adaptation to diverse environments. Unlike animals, whose organs are typically formed during embryogenesis, vascular plants manage to extend their life by continuously producing new tissues and organs in apical and lateral directions via proliferation of stem cells located within specialized tissues called meristems. Stem cells are the main source of plant longevity. Variation in plant longevity is highly dependent on the activity and fate identity of stem cells. Multiple developmental factors determine how stem cells contribute to variation in plant longevity. In this review, we provide an overview of the genetic mechanisms, hormonal signaling, and environmental factors involved in controlling plant longevity through long-term maintenance of stem cell fate identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Karami
- Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Arezoo Rahimi
- Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, the Netherlands
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15
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Pan W, Li J, Du Y, Zhao Y, Xin Y, Wang S, Liu C, Lin Z, Fang S, Yang Y, Zaccai M, Zhang X, Yi M, Gazzarrini S, Wu J. Epigenetic silencing of callose synthase by VIL1 promotes bud-growth transition in lily bulbs. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:1451-1467. [PMID: 37563458 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01492-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
In plants, restoring intercellular communication is required for cell activity in buds during the growth transition from slow to fast growth after dormancy release. However, the epigenetic regulation of this phenomenon is far from understood. Here we demonstrate that lily VERNALIZATION INSENSITIVE 3-LIKE 1 (LoVIL1) confers growth transition by mediating plasmodesmata opening via epigenetic repression of CALLOSE SYNTHASE 3 (LoCALS3). Moreover, we found that a novel transcription factor, NUCLEAR FACTOR Y, SUBUNIT A7 (LoNFYA7), is capable of recruiting the LoVIL1-Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) and enhancing H3K27me3 at the LoCALS3 locus by recognizing the CCAAT cis-element (Cce) of its promoter. The LoNFYA7-LoVIL1 module serves as a key player in orchestrating the phase transition from slow to fast growth in lily bulbs. These studies also indicate that LoVIL1 is a suitable marker for the bud-growth-transition trait following dormancy release in lily cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingru Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunpeng Du
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers, and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yajie Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Xin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaokun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimin Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shaozhong Fang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yingdong Yang
- Institute of Floriculture, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Michele Zaccai
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Xiuhai Zhang
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers, and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingfang Yi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sonia Gazzarrini
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jian Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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16
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Kurepa J, Smalle JA. Plant Hormone Modularity and the Survival-Reproduction Trade-Off. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1143. [PMID: 37627027 PMCID: PMC10452219 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Biological modularity refers to the organization of living systems into separate functional units that interact in different combinations to promote individual well-being and species survival. Modularity provides a framework for generating and selecting variations that can lead to adaptive evolution. While the exact mechanisms underlying the evolution of modularity are still being explored, it is believed that the pressure of conflicting demands on limited resources is a primary selection force. One prominent example of conflicting demands is the trade-off between survival and reproduction. In this review, we explore the available evidence regarding the modularity of plant hormones within the context of the survival-reproduction trade-off. Our findings reveal that the cytokinin module is dedicated to maximizing reproduction, while the remaining hormone modules function to ensure reproduction. The signaling mechanisms of these hormone modules reflect their roles in this survival-reproduction trade-off. While the cytokinin response pathway exhibits a sequence of activation events that aligns with the developmental robustness expected from a hormone focused on reproduction, the remaining hormone modules employ double-negative signaling mechanisms, which reflects the necessity to prevent the excessive allocation of resources to survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan A. Smalle
- Plant Physiology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Program, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA;
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17
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Habibpourmehraban F, Wu Y, Masoomi-Aladizgeh F, Amirkhani A, Atwell BJ, Haynes PA. Pre-Treatment of Rice Plants with ABA Makes Them More Tolerant to Multiple Abiotic Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119628. [PMID: 37298579 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple abiotic stress is known as a type of environmental unfavourable condition maximizing the yield and growth gap of crops compared with the optimal condition in both natural and cultivated environments. Rice is the world's most important staple food, and its production is limited the most by environmental unfavourable conditions. In this study, we investigated the pre-treatment of abscisic acid (ABA) on the tolerance of the IAC1131 rice genotype to multiple abiotic stress after a 4-day exposure to combined drought, salt and extreme temperature treatments. A total of 3285 proteins were identified and quantified across the four treatment groups, consisting of control and stressed plants with and without pre-treatment with ABA, with 1633 of those proteins found to be differentially abundant between groups. Compared with the control condition, pre-treatment with the ABA hormone significantly mitigated the leaf damage against combined abiotic stress at the proteome level. Furthermore, the application of exogenous ABA did not affect the proteome profile of the control plants remarkably, while the results were different in stress-exposed plants by a greater number of proteins changed in abundance, especially those which were increased. Taken together, these results suggest that exogenous ABA has a potential priming effect for enhancing the rice seedlings' tolerance against combined abiotic stress, mainly by affecting stress-responsive mechanisms dependent on ABA signalling pathways in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Habibpourmehraban
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
- Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Yunqi Wu
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility (APAF), Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Farhad Masoomi-Aladizgeh
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
- Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Ardeshir Amirkhani
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility (APAF), Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Brian J Atwell
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
- Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Paul A Haynes
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
- Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
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18
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Liang JH, Li JR, Liu C, Pan WQ, Wu WJ, Shi WJ, Wang LJ, Yi MF, Wu J. GhbZIP30-GhCCCH17 module accelerates corm dormancy release by reducing endogenous ABA under cold storage in Gladiolus. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023. [PMID: 37128741 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Gladiolus hybridus is one of the most popular flowers worldwide. However, its corm dormancy characteristic largely limits its off-season production. Long-term cold treatment (LT), which increases sugar content and reduces abscisic acid (ABA), is an efficient approach to accelerate corm dormancy release (CDR). Here, we identified a GhbZIP30-GhCCCH17 module that mediates the antagonism between sugars and ABA during CDR. We showed that sugars promoted CDR by reducing ABA levels in Gladiolus. Our data demonstrated that GhbZIP30 transcription factor directly binds the GhCCCH17 zinc finger promoter and activates its transcription, confirmed by yeast one-hybrid, dual-luciferase (Dual-LUC), chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR (ChIP-qPCR) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). GhCCCH17 is a transcriptional activator, and its nuclear localisation is altered by glucose and cytokinin treatments. Both GhbZIP30 and GhCCCH17 positively respond to LT, sugars, and cytokinin treatments. Silencing GhbZIP30 or GhCCCH17 resulted in delayed CDR by regulating ABA metabolic genes, while their overexpression promoted CDR. Taken together, we propose that the GhbZIP30-GhCCCH17 module is involved in cold- and glucose-induced CDR by regulating ABA metabolic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers, and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Ru Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Jing Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Jing Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu-Jia Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Fang Yi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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19
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Li J, Pan W, Liang J, Liu C, Li D, Yang Y, Qu L, Gazzarrini S, Yi M, Wu J. BASIC PENTACYSTEINE2 fine-tunes corm dormancy release in Gladiolus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:2489-2505. [PMID: 36659854 PMCID: PMC10069901 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bud dormancy is an important trait in geophytes that largely affects their flowering process and vegetative growth after dormancy release. Compared with seed dormancy, the regulation of bud dormancy is still largely unclear. Abscisic acid (ABA) acts as the predominant hormone that regulates the whole dormancy process. In Gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus), cold storage promotes corm dormancy release (CDR) by repressing ABA biosynthesis and signaling. However, the mechanisms governing ABA-related processes during CDR via epigenetics are poorly understood. Here, we show that class I BASIC PENTACYSTEINE2, (GhBPC2) directly binds to 9-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE (GhNCED) and ABA INSENSITIVE5 (GhABI5) loci and down-regulates their expression to accelerate CDR. During CDR, histone modifications change dramatically at the GhBPC2-binding loci of GhABI5 with an increase in H3K27me3 and a decrease in H3K4me3. GhBPC2 is involved in both H3K27me3 and H3K4me3 and fine-tunes GhABI5 expression by recruiting polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and the chromatin remodeling factor EARLY BOLTING IN SHORT DAYS (GhEBS). These results show GhBPC2 epigenetically regulates CDR in Gladiolus by mediating GhABI5 expression with PRC2 and GhEBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenqiang Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiahui Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers, and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Danqing Li
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Institute of Landscape Architecture, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yingdong Yang
- Institute of Floriculture, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China
| | - Lianwei Qu
- Institute of Floriculture, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China
| | - Sonia Gazzarrini
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Mingfang Yi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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20
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Changes in annual transcriptome dynamics of a clone of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) planted under different climate conditions. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0277797. [PMID: 36795783 PMCID: PMC9934357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental responses are critical for plant growth and survival under different climate conditions. To elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms of environmental responses in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don), the annual transcriptome dynamics of common clonal trees (Godai1) planted at three different climate sites (Yamagata, Ibaraki, and Kumamoto Prefectures) were analyzed using microarrays. Both principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering of the microarray data indicated the transition to dormant transcriptome status occurred earlier and the transition to active growth status later in the colder region. Interestingly, PCA also indicated that the transcriptomes of trees grown under three different conditions were similar during the growth period (June to September), whereas the transcriptomes differed between sites during the dormant period (January to March). In between-site comparisons, analyses of the annual expression profiles of genes for sites 'Yamagata vs. Kumamoto', 'Yamagata vs. Ibaraki', and 'Ibaraki vs. Kumamoto' identified 1,473, 1,137, and 925 targets exhibiting significantly different expression patterns, respectively. The total of 2,505 targets that exhibited significantly different expression patterns in all three comparisons may play important roles in enabling cuttings to adapt to local environmental conditions. Partial least-squares regression analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient analysis revealed that air temperature and day length were the dominant factors controlling the expression levels of these targets. GO and Pfam enrichment analyses indicated that these targets include genes that may contribute to environmental adaptation, such as genes related to stress and abiotic stimulus responses. This study provided fundamental information regarding transcripts that may play an important role in adaptation to environmental conditions at different planting sites.
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21
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Pasques O, Munné-Bosch S. Physiological mechanisms underlying extreme longevity in mountain pine trees. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:974-985. [PMID: 36440969 PMCID: PMC9922391 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ancient trees are life history longevity winners that mostly persist in remote and environmentally harsh mountainous areas. Here, we performed a multifeature analysis in a protected mature mountain pine (Pinus uncinata) forest to identify the morphological and physiological traits that make these trees unique. We compared the physiology of meristematic and somatic tissues (apical buds and needles, respectively) from juvenile, mature young, mature old, and mature ancient trees under cold stress and nonstress conditions. We successfully identified key morphological features of extreme longevity at the organism level, as well as various growth, vigor, stress, and dormancy markers underlying extreme longevity in old and ancient trees. Results indicated that evolution has exerted selective pressure on specific physiological traits that make trees become longevity winners (<0.1% of the tree population were ancient trees, with an average trunk diameter >100 cm and an estimated age of 700 years). Traits entailing longevity not only included apical dominance loss, epicormic growth, and modular senescence, but also an extreme plasticity in both meristematic and somatic tissues (buds and needles, respectively), as shown by various physiological markers. In conclusion, ancient trees are oddities that not only possess a unique ecological value but also show divergent physiological behaviors selected during their evolution to allow them to cope with adversities and attain long life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ot Pasques
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Research Institute in Biodiversity (IRBio), University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
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22
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Growth Cessation and Dormancy Induction in Micropropagated Plantlets of Rheum rhaponticum 'Raspberry' Influenced by Photoperiod and Temperature. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010607. [PMID: 36614049 PMCID: PMC9820587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dormancy development in micropropagated plantlets at the acclimatization stage and early growth ex vitro is undesirable as it lowers their survival rate and restricts the efficient year-round production of planting material. Thus far, little is known about the factors and mechanisms involved in the dormancy development of micropropagated herbaceous perennials, including rhubarb. This study determined physiological and molecular changes in the Rheum rhaponticum (culinary rhubarb) 'Raspberry' planting material in response to photoperiod and temperature. We found that the rhubarb plantlets that were grown under a 16-h photoperiod (LD) and a temperature within the normal growth range (17-23 °C) showed active growth of leaves and rhizomes and did not develop dormancy. Rapid growth cessation and dormancy development were observed in response to a 10-h photoperiod (SD) or elevated temperature under LD. These morphological changes were accompanied by enhanced abscisic acid (ABA) and starch levels and also the upregulation of various genes involved in carbohydrate synthesis and transport (SUS3, AMY3, BMY3, BGLU17) and ABA synthesis and signaling (ZEP and ABF2). We also found enhanced expression levels of heat shock transcription factors (HSFA2 and HSFA6B), heat shock proteins (HSP22, HSP70.1, HSP90.2 and HSP101) and antioxidant enzymes (PRX12, APX2 and GPX). This may suggest that dormancy induction in micropropagated rhubarb plantlets is a stress response to light deficiency and high temperatures and is endogenously coordinated by the ABA, carbohydrate and ROS pathways.
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Long W, Huang G, Yao X, Lv L, Yu C, Wang K. Untargeted metabolism approach reveals difference of varieties of bud and relation among characteristics of grafting seedlings in Camellia oleifera. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1024353. [PMID: 36479510 PMCID: PMC9720148 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1024353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Camellia oleifera is one of the essential wood oil trees in the world. C.oleifera was propagated by nurse seedling grafting. Since the scion of C.oleifera had a significant regulated effect on the properties of rootstock after grafting and impacted on the growth of the grafted seedlings, it was necessary to understand the characteristics of buds among varieties to cultivate high-quality grafted seedlings. The metabolome was thought to be a powerful tool for understanding connecting phenotype-genotype interactions, which has an important impact on plant growth and development. In this study, UPLC-MS was used to determine the metabolites of the apical buds of CL3, CL4, CL40, and CL53 spring shoots after 30 days of sprout and to measure the growth characteristics of roots and stems after grafting. Metabolomics analysis revealed 554 kinds of metabolites were significant differences among four varieties, and 29 metabolic pathways were identified to have significant changes (p< 0.05), including carboxylic acids and derivatives, fatty Acyls, organooxygen compounds, and prenol lipids metabolites. The metabolites appeared in all varieties, including phenethyl rutinoside in glycosyl compounds and hovenidulcioside A1 in terpene glycosides. Metabolite-metabolite correlations in varieties revealed more complex patterns in relation to bud and enabled the recognition of key metabolites (e.g., Glutamate, (±)Catechin, GA52, ABA, and cs-Zeatin) affecting grafting and growth ability. Each variety has a unique metabolite type and correlation network relationship. Differentiated metabolites showed different growth trends for development after grafting. Many metabolites regulate the growth of scions in buds before grafting, which plays a crucial role in the growth of seedlings after grafting. It not only regulates the growth of roots but also affects the development of this stem. Finally, those results were associated with the genetic background of each cultivar, showing that metabolites could be potentially used as indicators for the genetic background, indicating that metabolites could potentially be used as indicators for seedling growth characteristics. Together, this study will enrich the theoretical basis of seedling growth and lay a foundation for further research on the molecular regulation mechanism interaction between rootstock and scion, rootstock growth, and the development of grafted seedlings after grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Long
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangyuan Huang
- Chang Country Oil Tea Industry Development Center, Changshan Country Bureau of Forestry & Water Resoures, Changshan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohua Yao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Leyan Lv
- College of Hydraulic Engineering, Zhejiang Tongji Vocational College of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunlian Yu
- Chang Country Oil Tea Industry Development Center, Changshan Country Bureau of Forestry & Water Resoures, Changshan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kailiang Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Xu T, Zhang J, Shao L, Wang X, Zhang R, Ji C, Xia Y, Zhang L, Zhang J, Li D. Later Growth Cessation and Increased Freezing Tolerance Potentially Result in Later Dormancy in Evergreen Iris Compared with Deciduous Iris. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911123. [PMID: 36232426 PMCID: PMC9569662 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Winter dormancy is a protective survival strategy for plants to resist harsh natural environments. In the context of global warming, the progression of dormancy has been significantly affected in perennials, which requires further research. Here, a systematic study was performed to compare the induction of dormancy in two closely related iris species with an ecodormancy-only process, the evergreen Iris japonica Thunb. and the deciduous Iris tectorum Maxim. under artificial conditions. Firstly, morphological and physiological observations were evaluated to ensure the developmental status of the two iris species. Furthermore, the expression patterns of the genes involved in key pathways related to plant winter dormancy were determined, and correlation analyses with dormancy marker genes were conducted. We found that deciduous iris entered dormancy earlier than evergreen iris under artificial dormancy induction conditions. Phytohormones and carbohydrates play roles in coordinating growth and stress responses during dormancy induction in both iris species. Moreover, dormancy-related MADS-box genes and SnRKs (Snf1-related protein kinase) might represent a bridge between carbohydrate and phytohormone interaction during iris dormancy. These findings provide a hypothetical model explaining the later dormancy in evergreen iris compared with deciduous iris under artificial dormancy induction conditions and reveal some candidate genes. The findings of this study could provide new insights into the research of dormancy in perennial plants with an ecodormancy-only process and contribute to effectively managing iris production, postharvest storage, and shipping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xu
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Landscape Architecture, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Chiba 271-0092, Japan
| | - Lingmei Shao
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Runlong Zhang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chenxi Ji
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yiping Xia
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liangsheng Zhang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiaping Zhang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (D.L.)
| | - Danqing Li
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (D.L.)
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Chmielewski FM, Götz KP. ABA and Not Chilling Reduces Heat Requirement to Force Cherry Blossom after Endodormancy Release. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11152044. [PMID: 35956522 PMCID: PMC9370221 DOI: 10.3390/plants11152044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Models used to predict the onset of fruit tree blossom under changed climate conditions should be physiologically based as much as possible. Pure optimized phenology models carry the risk of unrealistic predictions due to a misinterpretation of metabolic processes. This was the motivation determining the relevant phases for chill and heat accumulation, which induces cherry blossom (cv. Summit). Investigations are based on 8 years of observational and analytical data, as well as on controlled experiments. For ‘Summit’ buds, to be released from endodormancy, 43 chill portions from 1 September are necessary. After endodormancy release (t1), on average on 30 November, no further chilling is required, because no correlation between chill accumulation during ecodormancy and the subsequent heat accumulation until ‘Summit’ blossom exist. The declining amount of heat, which induces cherry blossom after t1—shown in several forcing experiments—seems to be the result of the declining bud’s abscisic acid (ABA) content, up to ~50% until the beginning of ontogenetic development. Shortly after t1, when the bud’s ABA content is high, a huge amount of heat is necessary to induce cherry blossom under controlled conditions. Heat requirement reduces during ecodormancy along with the reduction in the ABA content. According to these findings, plant development during ecodormancy is suppressed by low temperatures in the orchard and a slowly declining bud’s ABA content. These results should lead to a better consideration of the ecodormancy phase in phenology models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank-M. Chmielewski
- Correspondence: (F.-M.C.); (K.-P.G.); Tel.: +49-(0)30-2093-46395 (F.-M.C.); +49-(0)30-2093-46390 (K.-P.G.)
| | - Klaus-Peter Götz
- Correspondence: (F.-M.C.); (K.-P.G.); Tel.: +49-(0)30-2093-46395 (F.-M.C.); +49-(0)30-2093-46390 (K.-P.G.)
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26
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Proietti S, Scariot V, De Pascale S, Paradiso R. Flowering Mechanisms and Environmental Stimuli for Flower Transition: Bases for Production Scheduling in Greenhouse Floriculture. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11030432. [PMID: 35161415 PMCID: PMC8839403 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The scheduling of plant production is a critical aspect in modern floriculture since nowadays, sales are not oriented toward the recurring holidays as in the past, but always more toward impulse buying, implying a more diverse and constant demand on the market. This requires continuous production, often regulated by precise commercial agreements between growers and buyers, and between buyers and dealers, particularly in large-scale retail trade. In this scenario, diverse techniques to modulate the duration of the growing cycle, by hastening or slowing down plant growth and development, have been developed to match plant flowering to the market demand. Among the numerous approaches, the manipulation of climatic parameters in the growth environment is one of the most common in greenhouse floriculture. In this review, we summarize the physiological and biochemical bases underlying the main mechanisms of flowering, depending on the plant reaction to endogenous signals or environmental stimuli. In addition, the strategies based on the control of temperature (before or after planting) and light environment (as light intensity and spectrum, and the photoperiod) in the scheduling of flower and ornamental crop production are briefly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Proietti
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Porano, 05010 Terni, Italy;
| | - Valentina Scariot
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, 10095 Torino, Italy;
| | - Stefania De Pascale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Roberta Paradiso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(081)-253-9135
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27
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Regulation of the Bud Dormancy Development and Release in Micropropagated Rhubarb 'Malinowy'. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031480. [PMID: 35163404 PMCID: PMC8835828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Culinary rhubarb is a vegetable crop, valued for its stalks, very rich in different natural bioactive ingredients. In commercial rhubarb stalk production, the bud dormancy development and release are crucial processes that determine the yields and quality of stalks. To date, reports on rhubarb bud dormancy regulation, however, are lacking. It is known that dormancy status depends on cultivars. The study aimed to determine the dormancy regulation in a valuable selection of rhubarb ‘Malinowy’. Changes in carbohydrate, total phenolic, endogenous hormone levels, and gene expression levels during dormancy development and release were studied in micropropagated rhubarb plantlets. Dormancy developed at high temperature (25.5 °C), and long day. Leaf senescence and dying were consistent with a significant increase in starch, total phenolics, ABA, IAA and SA levels. Five weeks of cooling at 4 °C were sufficient to break dormancy, but rhizomes stored for a longer duration showed faster and more uniformity leaf growing, and higher stalk length. No growth response was observed for non-cooled rhizomes. The low temperature activated carbohydrate and hormone metabolism and signalling in the buds. The increased expression of AMY3, BMY3, SUS3, BGLU17, GAMYB genes were consistent with a decrease in starch and increase in soluble sugars levels during dormancy release. Moreover, some genes (ZEP, ABF2, GASA4, GA2OX8) related to ABA and GA metabolism and signal transduction were activated. The relationship between auxin (IAA, IBA, 5-Cl-IAA), and phenolic, including SA levels and dormancy status was also observed.
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28
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Jahan A, Yamazaki Y, Islam M, Ghosh TK, Yoshimura N, Kato H, Ishizaki K, Shinozawa A, Sakata Y, Takezawa D. Differential regulations of abscisic acid-induced desiccation tolerance and vegetative dormancy by group B3 Raf kinases in liverworts. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:952820. [PMID: 35968153 PMCID: PMC9370073 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.952820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a key role in stomata closure, osmostress acclimation, and vegetative and embryonic dormancy. Group B3 Raf protein kinases (B3-Rafs) serve as positive regulators of ABA and osmostress signaling in the moss Physcomitrium patens and the angiosperm Arabidopsis thaliana. While P. patens has a single B3-Raf called ARK, specific members of B3-Rafs among six paralogs regulate ABA and osmostress signaling in A. thaliana, indicating functional diversification of B3-Rafs in angiosperms. However, we found that the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, belonging to another class of bryophytes, has three paralogs of B3-Rafs, MpARK1, MpARK2, and MpARK3, with structural variations in the regulatory domains of the polypeptides. By reporter assays of the P. patens ark line and analysis of genome-editing lines of M. polymorpha, we found that these B3-Rafs are functionally redundant in ABA response, with respect to inhibition of growth, tolerance to desiccation and expression of stress-associated transcripts, the majority of which are under the control of the PYR/PYL/RCAR-like receptor MpPYL1. Interestingly, gemmae in gemma cups were germinating only in mutant lines associated with MpARK1, indicating that dormancy in the gametophyte is controlled by a specific B3-Raf paralog. These results indicated not only conservation of the role of B3-Rafs in ABA and osmostress response in liverworts but also functional diversification of B3-Rafs, which is likely to have occurred in the early stages of land plant evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akida Jahan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuto Yamazaki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mousona Islam
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
- Biological Research Division, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Totan Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Crop Botany, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Nami Yoshimura
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kato
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Akihisa Shinozawa
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sakata
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takezawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Daisuke Takezawa,
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Gupta K, Wani SH, Razzaq A, Skalicky M, Samantara K, Gupta S, Pandita D, Goel S, Grewal S, Hejnak V, Shiv A, El-Sabrout AM, Elansary HO, Alaklabi A, Brestic M. Abscisic Acid: Role in Fruit Development and Ripening. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:817500. [PMID: 35620694 PMCID: PMC9127668 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.817500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant growth regulator known for its functions, especially in seed maturation, seed dormancy, adaptive responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, and leaf and bud abscission. ABA activity is governed by multiple regulatory pathways that control ABA biosynthesis, signal transduction, and transport. The transport of the ABA signaling molecule occurs from the shoot (site of synthesis) to the fruit (site of action), where ABA receptors decode information as fruit maturation begins and is significantly promoted. The maximum amount of ABA is exported by the phloem from developing fruits during seed formation and initiation of fruit expansion. In the later stages of fruit ripening, ABA export from the phloem decreases significantly, leading to an accumulation of ABA in ripening fruit. Fruit growth, ripening, and senescence are under the control of ABA, and the mechanisms governing these processes are still unfolding. During the fruit ripening phase, interactions between ABA and ethylene are found in both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. It is clear that ABA regulates ethylene biosynthesis and signaling during fruit ripening, but the molecular mechanism controlling the interaction between ABA and ethylene has not yet been discovered. The effects of ABA and ethylene on fruit ripening are synergistic, and the interaction of ABA with other plant hormones is an essential determinant of fruit growth and ripening. Reaction and biosynthetic mechanisms, signal transduction, and recognition of ABA receptors in fruits need to be elucidated by a more thorough study to understand the role of ABA in fruit ripening. Genetic modifications of ABA signaling can be used in commercial applications to increase fruit yield and quality. This review discusses the mechanism of ABA biosynthesis, its translocation, and signaling pathways, as well as the recent findings on ABA function in fruit development and ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Siddharth University, Kapilvastu, India
| | - Shabir H. Wani
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Khudwani, India
- *Correspondence: Shabir H. Wani,
| | - Ali Razzaq
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Milan Skalicky
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
- Milan Skalicky,
| | - Kajal Samantara
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, India
| | - Shubhra Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Deepu Pandita
- Government Department of School Education, Jammu, India
| | - Sonia Goel
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, SGT University, Haryana, India
| | - Sapna Grewal
- Bio and Nanotechnology Department, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana
| | - Vaclav Hejnak
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Aalok Shiv
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Ahmed M. El-Sabrout
- Department of Applied Entomology and Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hosam O. Elansary
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Floriculture, Ornamental Horticulture, and Garden Design Department, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abdullah Alaklabi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
- Institut of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
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30
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Khuvung K, Silva Gutierrez FAO, Reinhardt D. How Strigolactone Shapes Shoot Architecture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:889045. [PMID: 35903239 PMCID: PMC9315439 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.889045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite its central role in the control of plant architecture, strigolactone has been recognized as a phytohormone only 15 years ago. Together with auxin, it regulates shoot branching in response to genetically encoded programs, as well as environmental cues. A central determinant of shoot architecture is apical dominance, i.e., the tendency of the main shoot apex to inhibit the outgrowth of axillary buds. Hence, the execution of apical dominance requires long-distance communication between the shoot apex and all axillary meristems. While the role of strigolactone and auxin in apical dominance appears to be conserved among flowering plants, the mechanisms involved in bud activation may be more divergent, and include not only hormonal pathways but also sugar signaling. Here, we discuss how spatial aspects of SL biosynthesis, transport, and sensing may relate to apical dominance, and we consider the mechanisms acting locally in axillary buds during dormancy and bud activation.
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Caselles V, Casadesús A, Munné-Bosch S. A Dual Role for Abscisic Acid Integrating the Cold Stress Response at the Whole-Plant Level in Iris pseudacorus L. Growing in a Natural Wetland. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:722525. [PMID: 34950157 PMCID: PMC8688363 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.722525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence, the last stage of the developmental program of leaves, can be induced by both internal and external signals. Cold stress-induced leaf senescence is an efficient strategy to overcome winter temperatures. In this work, we studied leaf senescence in yellow flag (Iris pseudacorus L.) individuals growing in a natural wetland, not only considering its relationship with external and internal cues, but also the plant developmental program, and the biological significance of rhizomes, storage organs that remain viable through winter. Total chlorophyll contents and the maximum efficiency of PSII (Fv /Fm ratio) decreased in senescing leaves, which was associated with a sharp increase in abscisic acid (ABA) contents. Furthermore, total cytokinin and 2-isopentenyladenine contents decreased in December compared to November, as plants became more stressed due to a decline in air temperatures. ABA increases in senescing leaves increased in parallel to reductions in violaxanthin. Rhizomes also accumulated large amounts of ABA during winter, while roots did not, and neither roots nor rhizomes accumulated 9-cis-epoxycarotenoids, thus suggesting ABA, which might play a role in conferring cold tolerance to this subterranean organ, may result from phloem transport from senescing leaves. It is concluded that (i) leaf senescence is a highly regulated physiological process in yellow flag playing a key role in the modulation of the entire plant developmental program, and (ii) ABA plays a major role not only in the regulation of leaf senescence but also in the establishment of cold tolerance in rhizomes, two processes that appear to be intimately interconnected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicent Caselles
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Casadesús
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Research Biodiversity Institute, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Brookbank BP, Patel J, Gazzarrini S, Nambara E. Role of Basal ABA in Plant Growth and Development. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121936. [PMID: 34946886 PMCID: PMC8700873 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates various aspects of plant physiology, including promoting seed dormancy and adaptive responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. In addition, ABA plays an im-portant role in growth and development under non-stressed conditions. This review summarizes phenotypes of ABA biosynthesis and signaling mutants to clarify the roles of basal ABA in growth and development. The promotive and inhibitive actions of ABA in growth are characterized by stunted and enhanced growth of ABA-deficient and insensitive mutants, respectively. Growth regulation by ABA is both promotive and inhibitive, depending on the context, such as concentrations, tissues, and environmental conditions. Basal ABA regulates local growth including hyponastic growth, skotomorphogenesis and lateral root growth. At the cellular level, basal ABA is essential for proper chloroplast biogenesis, central metabolism, and expression of cell-cycle genes. Basal ABA also regulates epidermis development in the shoot, by inhibiting stomatal development, and deposition of hydrophobic polymers like a cuticular wax layer covering the leaf surface. In the root, basal ABA is involved in xylem differentiation and suberization of the endodermis. Hormone crosstalk plays key roles in growth and developmental processes regulated by ABA. Phenotypes of ABA-deficient and insensitive mutants indicate prominent functions of basal ABA in plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P. Brookbank
- Department of Cells and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M3S 3G5, Canada; (B.P.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Jasmin Patel
- Department of Cells and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M3S 3G5, Canada; (B.P.B.); (J.P.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Sonia Gazzarrini
- Department of Cells and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M3S 3G5, Canada; (B.P.B.); (J.P.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (E.N.)
| | - Eiji Nambara
- Department of Cells and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M3S 3G5, Canada; (B.P.B.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (E.N.)
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