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Rhoden-Neita MA, Huang H, Fava NM. The Effects of Childhood Adversity and Self-Regulation on the Well-Being of Adults with Delinquency Histories: A Mediation Model. JOURNAL OF EVIDENCE-BASED SOCIAL WORK (2019) 2024; 21:117-139. [PMID: 37847740 DOI: 10.1080/26408066.2023.2265923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Most youth with delinquency histories experience childhood adversity leaving them vulnerable to poor adult well-being. Previous research indicates that self-regulation difficulties could explain how childhood adversity affects adult well-being. Yet, very few studies target adult self-regulation intervention. Therefore, this study examined the intervening effects of emerging adult self-regulation on the association between childhood adversity and adult well-being. METHOD Using data from the first four waves of the Add Health Study, the researchers conducted structural equation modeling for mediation with bootstrapping. The researchers tested the mediation effects of emerging adult self-regulation on the association between childhood adversity (child maltreatment and violent victimization) and later adult well-being (mental health problems, alcohol and drug use, criminal behaviors) among people with delinquency histories and/or arrest prior to age 18 (N = 1,792). RESULTS Several significant direct effects and one partial mediation effect were found. For example, child maltreatment significantly predicted adult mental health problems and criminal behaviors. Self-regulation (via the dissatisfaction with life and self subscale) mediated the association between child maltreatment and adult mental health problems. DISCUSSION Findings highlight the need for social workers to focus on prevention services and trauma-informed treatment for people with delinquency histories. In addition, evidence-based practice requires self-regulation interventions for adults with histories of childhood adversity and delinquency to focus on their emotional and cognitive functioning as well as self-esteem. CONCLUSION Implementing self-regulation interventions during emerging adulthood can be useful to mitigate later adult mental health problems among people with histories of childhood adversity and delinquency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui Huang
- School of Social Work, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Nicole M Fava
- School of Social Work, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
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Zhang H, Li J, Sun B, Wei Q. Effects of Childhood Maltreatment on Self-Compassion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:873-885. [PMID: 34510982 DOI: 10.1177/15248380211043825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review aims to estimate the extent to which childhood maltreatment influences self-compassion in later life. METHOD Four English databases (Web of Science, PsycINFO, PubMed, and PsycARTICLES) and three Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and Weipu) were systematically searched. We extracted data related to the associations between child maltreatment and self-compassion and pooled them using random effect models. FINDINGS A total of 20 eligible studies were included involving 6,877 participants in the analyses. Overall child maltreatment was negatively related to self-compassion (r = -.28, p < .001); emotional abuse and neglect were negatively related to self-compassion (r = -.28, p < .01; r = -.31, p < .01, respectively) at a moderate level; and physical abuse, sexual abuse, and physical neglect were negatively related to self-compassion (r = -.12, p < .01; r = -.10, p < .01; and r = -.22, p < .001, respectively) at a small level. CONCLUSION The results indicate that overall and subtypes of maltreatment are associated with decreased self-compassion, and child intervention programs focused on self-compassion should be designed to protect the well-being of individuals with a history of childhood maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Zhang
- Center for Studies of Sociology Theory and Method, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
- Department of Social Work and Social Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jiming Li
- Department of Social Work and Social Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Bingyi Sun
- Department of Social Work and Social Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Qingong Wei
- National Academy of Development and Strategy, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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See Mey L, Khairudin R, Tengku Muda TEA, Abdullah @ Mohd Nor H, Kamaluddin MR. The Mediating Role of Forgiveness and Self-Efficacy in the Relationship Between Childhood Maltreatment and Treatment Motivation Among Malaysian Male Drug Addicts. Front Psychol 2022; 13:816373. [PMID: 35360613 PMCID: PMC8963337 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.816373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have reported high rates of childhood maltreatment among individuals with drug addiction problems; however, investigation about the potentially protective factors to mitigate the effects of maltreatment experiences on motivation to engage in addiction treatment has received less attention. This study aims at exploring the mediating effects of forgiveness and self-efficacy on the association between childhood maltreatment and treatment motivation among drug addicts. A total of 360 male drug addicts (mean age = 33.34, SD = 7.25) were recruited from three mandatory inpatient rehabilitation centers in Malaysia. Participants completed a package of self-report questionnaires including measures of childhood maltreatment experiences, forgiveness, self-efficacy, and motivation for treatment. The analysis conducted using the structural equation model (SEM) revealed that childhood maltreatment significantly predicted lower treatment motivation, while forgiveness and self-efficacy played a fully mediating role regarding the effect of childhood maltreatment on treatment motivation. In conclusion, these findings suggest that combining the element of forgiveness and self-efficacy in treatment programs appears to benefit the drug addicts with childhood maltreatment history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loy See Mey
- Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Rozainee Khairudin
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-Being, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | | | - Hilwa Abdullah @ Mohd Nor
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-Being, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Rahim Kamaluddin
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-Being, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
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Saxena P, Messina N. Trajectories of victimization to violence among incarcerated women. HEALTH & JUSTICE 2021; 9:18. [PMID: 34313871 PMCID: PMC8314610 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-021-00144-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Limited research has focused on the trajectories of victimization to violence in women's lives. Furthermore, literature assessing women's use of violence has primarily focused on adult risk factors (e.g., substance use and criminal histories). Drawing from the pathway's framework, we explored the impact of multiple forms of childhood victimization and subsequent harmful behaviors on adult-perpetrated violence among women convicted of violent or serious crimes. METHODS This secondary data analysis included a sample of 1118 incarcerated women from two prisons. Based on prior literature outlining the lifelong negative impact of childhood victimization, we hypothesized that cumulatively, occurrence of abuses, arrest as a minor, number of lifetime arrests, and poly-substance use prior to incarceration, would increase the likelihood of perpetration of multiple forms of violence. GEE regression models were used to examine the relationship between the predictors and adult perpetration of intimidation and physical violence. RESULTS Experiences with childhood victimization, early (under age 18) and ongoing criminal justice involvement, and substance use significantly increased the likelihood of adult perpetration of violence, regardless of the type of violence measured (intimidation or physical violence). CONCLUSION Given the documented high prevalence of childhood trauma and abuse among justice-involved women, findings from this study can be used to promote the implementation of trauma-specific treatment for at-risk juvenile girls, whose trajectories of violence might be mitigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeta Saxena
- Sociology Department, Institutional Research, Planning and Institutional Effectiveness, College of the Canyons, Santa Clarita, CA, USA.
| | - Nena Messina
- UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs and Envisioning Justice Solutions, Inc., University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Gichaz M, Winterstein TB, Avieli H. Growing Older in the Shadow of Childhood Intra-Familial Sexual Abuse: Women's Reflections on Parenthood Experiences Throughout the Life Course. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2021; 62:232-240. [PMID: 34282446 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnab102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The long-term effect of intra-familial sexual abuse for the survivors' parenting, rarely focuses on older women who are mothers of adult children. The aim of the present study was to explore the parenthood experiences of aging women survivors of intra-familial sexual abuse, using the life-course perspective as a conceptual framework. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Interpretive phenomenological analysis was used to analyze the narratives of 19 older women survivors of intra-familial sexual abuse. RESULTS The narratives revealed four themes: (1) "How did I raise those kids? I really don't know": Early parenthood experiences of aging women incest survivors; (2) "This is a true gift they are giving me now": Revealing the IFSA secret to the adult children; (3) "Is it possible to say that something good came out of it?": Adult children as a victory over incest experiences; and (4) "When my granddaughter was born, I suddenly felt that I couldn't go near her": Grandparenting in the shadow of incest memories. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Aging seems to open up a new avenue for parent-child relationships in the shadow of the parent's traumatic past, allowing reframing of parenthood in later life and demonstrating the power of parenthood as a source of healing in the lives of sexual abuse victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mili Gichaz
- Department of Gerontology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Hila Avieli
- Department of Criminology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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Zendo S, Donelle L, Magalhaes L. Health Access of Women in Provincial Correctional Institutions. SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 36:232-245. [PMID: 33427590 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2020.1864556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Historically, there has been a disparity between men and women rates of incarceration, even though there has been a significant increase in the number of women imprisoned over the past 20 years, globally. Women have unique health care needs that are often not adequately addressed within the correctional institutions in which they are held. The focus of this study was to explore women's experiences when accessing health services within Canadian provincial correctional institutions. Narrative inquiry was used to investigate the life stories of five women who accessed health care in provincial correctional institutions. A total of two storylines and five sub-storylines resulted from the analysis of interviews conducted with the participants. The findings suggest that during incarceration, participants experienced compromising conditions that contributed to the worsening of their health, and faced difficulties accessing their prescribed treatments and medications. Consequently, this contributed to the worsening of their physical and mental wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamiram Zendo
- Faculty of Information and Media Studies, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Lorie Donelle
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Lilian Magalhaes
- Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, Brazil
- Western University Emeritus Professor, London, Canada
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Hajat A, Nurius P, Song C. Differing trajectories of adversity over the life course: Implications for adult health and well-being. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 102:104392. [PMID: 32032803 PMCID: PMC7259709 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACE), can give rise to long-term mental and physical health consequences as well as additional stressors later in the life course. This study aims to examine differing profiles of trajectories of adversity over the life course and investigate their association with socioeconomic and health outcomes. METHODS We used population representative data from the Washington State 2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System BRFSS survey n = 7953. Six ACE items were paired with six Adverse Adulthood Experience AAE items in respondents' adulthood that parallel the ACE e.g. physical abuse in childhood and physical victimization in adulthood. We applied latent class analysis to identify distinct trajectories of adversity; then tested for differences across trajectories in terms of demographic, socioeconomic, and health measures. RESULTS Six latent classes were identified: individuals with high AAE: (1. Consistently High, 2. Substance Abuse and Incarceration, 3. Adult Interpersonal Victimization) and individuals with low AAE (4. Repeat Sexual Victimization, 5. High to Low, and 6. Consistently Low). The Consistently High group had the highest prevalence of ACE and AAE and fared poorly across wide ranging outcomes. Other groups displayed specific patterns of ACE and AAE exposures (including salient subgroups such as those with incarceration exposure) as well as differences in demographic characteristics, illustrating disparities. CONCLUSIONS Subgroup analyses such as this are complementary to population generalized findings. Understanding differences in life course patterns of adversity can shed light on interventions in earlier life and better target service provision to promote health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjum Hajat
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Box 357236 Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
| | - Paula Nurius
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, 4101 15th Avenue NE Seattle, WA 98105-6250 USA.
| | - Chiho Song
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, 4101 15th Avenue NE Seattle, WA 98105-6250 USA.
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Diehl A, Pillon SC, Caetano R, Madruga CS, Wagstaff C, Laranjeira R. Violence and substance use in sexual minorities: Data from the Second Brazilian National Alcohol and Drugs Survey (II BNADS). Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2020; 34:41-48. [PMID: 32035588 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence of substance use and the associations between adverse early life experiences, sexual behaviour and violence in sexual minority (SM) individuals. METHODS The Brazilian National Alcohol and Drugs Survey is a probabilistic household survey performed in 2012, collecting data from 4067 Brazilians aged 14 years and older. RESULTS 3.4% of the sample declared themselves as sexual minorities, 53.8% female, 66.5% single, mean age of 29.5 years (standard deviation 16.0 years). A high prevalence of alcohol dependence (15.2%) and binge drinking (22.2%) was identified in the SM group. Respondents were more likely to use crack cocaine and hallucinogens, to have been involved in child prostitution, child sexual abuse and to report suicidal ideation in the previous year. Respondents were also more likely to engage in unprotected sex compared to non-sexual minorities. Nearly one-third referred to having suffered homophobic discrimination in their lives. Respondents also reported higher rates of domestic violence (18.9%) and urban violence (18%) among the SM. CONCLUSION The findings reinforce that violence directed at individuals in the Brazilian SM community begins early in life and persists into adulthood when compared to non-sexual minorities. This population is also more exposed to substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Diehl
- Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Psychiatric Department, Brazil.
| | - Sandra Cristina Pillon
- University of São Paulo (USP), Psychiatric Nursing and Human Science Department, Faculty of Nursing at Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, Brazil
| | - Raul Caetano
- Prevention Research Centre, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | | | - Christopher Wagstaff
- School of Nursing, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England, UK.
| | - Ronaldo Laranjeira
- Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Psychiatric Department, Brazil
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Oliveira C, Oliveira Martins MDR, Dias S, Keygnaert I. Conceptualizing sexual and gender-based violence in European asylum reception centers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 77:27. [PMID: 31164983 PMCID: PMC6545000 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-019-0351-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Sexual and gender based violence (SGBV) is a major public health problem and a violation of human rights. Refugees, asylum seekers and migrants are exposed to a constant risk for both victimization and perpetration. Yet, in the context of European asylum reception centers (EARF) professionals are also considered to be at risk. Our study explores the conceptualization of SGBV that residents and professionals have in this specific context. Further, we intent to identify key socio-demographic characteristics that are associated with SGBV conceptualization for both groups. Methods We developed a cross-sectional study using the Senperforto project database. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with residents (n = 398) and professionals (n = 202) at EARF. A principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to variables related with knowledge on SGBV. Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were applied to understand if significant statistical association exists with socio-demographic characteristics (significant level 0.5%). Results The majority of residents were male (64.6%), aged from 19 to 29 years (41.4%) and single (66.8%); for professionals the majority were women (56.2%), aged from 30 to 39 years (42.3%) and married (56.8%). PCA for residents resulted in 14 dimensions of SGBV representing 83.56% of the total variance of the data, while for professionals it resulted in 17 dimensions that represent 86.92% of the total variance of the data. For both groups differences in SGBV conceptualization were found according to host country, sex, age and marital status. Specific for residents we found differences according to the time of arrival to Europe/host country and type of accommodation, while for professionals differences were found according to legal status and education skills. Conclusion Residents and professionals described different conceptualization of SGBV, with specific types of SGBV not being recognized as a violent act. Primary preventive strategies in EARF should focus on reducing SGBV conceptualization discrepancies, taking into account socio-demographic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Oliveira
- 1Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria do Rosário Oliveira Martins
- 1Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sónia Dias
- 1Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal.,2Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ines Keygnaert
- 3International Centre for Reproductive Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Diehl A, Clemente J, Pillon SC, Santana PRH, da Silva CJ, Mari JDJ. Early childhood maltreatment experience and later sexual behavior in Brazilian adults undergoing treatment for substance dependence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 41:199-207. [PMID: 30540023 PMCID: PMC6794126 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2017-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the prevalence of early childhood maltreatment and associations with later sexual behavior among adult substance users. Methods: A cross-sectional study enrolled 134 substance dependents who sought outpatient care in São Paulo, Brazil. Childhood trauma prevalence was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). The Sexual Addiction Screening Test (SAST), drug of choice (DOC), and sexual behavior were also investigated. Results: The sample was composed predominantly of single adult males (76.1%), with alcohol as the DOC (73.9%). Experiences of emotional neglect (88.1%), emotional abuse (80.6%), physical neglect (78.4%), physical abuse (64.2%), and sexual abuse (31.3%) were prevalent. Women were more likely to have been sexually abused (OR 2.9, 95%CI 1.15-7.61) and physically abused (OR 3.7, 95%CI 1.31-10.6) in childhood. Those who were sexually abused in adulthood were more likely to have suffered physical abuse in childhood (OR 6.9, 95%CI 1.45-11.8). The odds of having been sexually abused in childhood were higher among subjects who reported to have exchanged sexual favors for drugs (OR 5.7, 95%CI 1.35-9.64) and to have been sexually abused in adulthood (OR 6.1, 95%CI 5.2-12.36). Conclusion: Physical and sexual abuse in childhood are highly prevalent in substance-dependent adults, and are associated with sexual revictimization and high-risk sexual behavior in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Diehl
- Departamento de Psiquiatria,Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jales Clemente
- Departamento de Psiquiatria,Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra C Pillon
- Departamento de Enfermagem Psiquiátrica e Ciências Humanas, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Centro Colaborador da Organização Pan-Americana de Saúde (OPAS)/Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) para o Desenvolvimento da Pesquisa em Enfermagem, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Claudio J da Silva
- Departamento de Psiquiatria,Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jair de J Mari
- Departamento de Psiquiatria,Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Morgan IA, Robbins CL, Basile KC. Addressing Intimate Partner Violence to Improve Women's Preconception Health. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2018; 27:1189-1194. [PMID: 30325291 PMCID: PMC10985540 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2018.7366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to violence can harm women's overall health and well-being. Data suggest that one in three women in the United States experience some form of violence by an intimate partner in their lifetime. In this commentary, we describe the implications of intimate partner violence (IPV) on women's health, specifically for women of reproductive age. We use a life-course perspective to describe the compounded impact of IPV on preconception health. Preconception health generally refers to the overall health and well-being of women (and men) before pregnancy. This report also discusses primary prevention of IPV and healthcare recommendations, and highlights surveillance systems that capture IPV indicators among women of reproductive age. Ongoing collection of state-level surveillance data may inform the implementation of intervention programs tailored to reproductive age women at risk for IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel A Morgan
- 1 Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
- 2 Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) , Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - Cheryl L Robbins
- 1 Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kathleen C Basile
- 3 Division of Violence Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
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Seeing Context through Metaphor: Using Communications Research to Bring a Social Determinants Perspective to Public Thinking about Child Abuse and Neglect. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15010152. [PMID: 29351195 PMCID: PMC5800251 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human beings think in metaphor and reason through analogy. The metaphors through which we think influence how we understand and feel about social issues as well as the actions that we see as appropriate and important. Metaphors can be used to increase understanding of how issues work and increase the salience of a given issue, build support for programs and policies necessary to address the issue, and instigate demand for change and civic action. In this paper, we use a mixed methods research design, including brief qualitative interviews, experimental surveys, and focus groups, to test the ability of different metaphors to influence public understanding of the social determinants of child abuse and neglect in the UK. We find one metaphor in particular that improves people's understanding of the social causes of child maltreatment and increases support for structural solutions. This metaphor can be used to build support for preventative public health solutions.
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Velonis AJ, Daoud N, Matheson F, Woodhall-Melnik J, Hamilton-Wright S, O'Campo P. Strategizing Safety: Theoretical Frameworks to Understand Women's Decision Making in the Face of Partner Violence and Social Inequities. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2017; 32:3321-3345. [PMID: 26303937 DOI: 10.1177/0886260515598953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Women in physically and psychologically abusive relationships face numerous decisions related to their safety: decisions that historically have been viewed by researchers and human service practitioners as related to individual or interpersonal factors, such as how they feel about their partner, what they (or those they are close to) think is best for their children, or whether they have a safe place to go to. Social and structural factors, such as poverty, sexism, and barriers related to disability, are either left out or viewed at their individual-level consequence, such as a woman's employment status. Using interview data and case studies from a larger study on housing instability, partner violence, and health, the authors apply ecological and macro-level theoretical models that go beyond the individual level to the stories of women who struggled with partner violence, arguing that it is critical to examine the large social and structural forces that impact women's lives if we are to understand the decisions women make when facing a violent partner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa J Velonis
- 1 St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- 4 University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nihaya Daoud
- 1 St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- 2 Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Flora Matheson
- 1 St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- 3 University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Patricia O'Campo
- 1 St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- 3 University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Woodhall-Melnik J, Hamilton-Wright S, Daoud N, Matheson FI, Dunn JR, O’Campo P. Establishing stability: exploring the meaning of 'home' for women who have experienced intimate partner violence. JOURNAL OF HOUSING AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT : HBE 2016; 32:253-268. [PMID: 29323349 PMCID: PMC5744605 DOI: 10.1007/s10901-016-9511-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence that involuntary housing instability may undermine health and well-being. For women who have experienced intimate partner violence (IPV), achieving stability is likely as important for other groups, but can be challenging. Through our analysis of 41 interviews with women who have experienced low income and IPV, we argue that definitions of housing stability are multifaceted and for many centred on a shared understanding of the importance of creating an environment of "home". We found that obtaining housing that satisfied material needs was important to women. However, in asking women to define what housing stability meant to them, we found that other factors related to ontological security and the home, such as safety, community, and comfort, contributed to women's experiences of stability. Through our discussion of the importance these women placed on establishing stable homes, we argue that future research on women's experiences with housing stability and IPV should include definitions of stability that capture both material security and women's experiences with building emotionally stable homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Woodhall-Melnik
- Centre for Research on Inner City Health, The Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, 3rd Floor, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8 Canada
- Department of Health, Aging and Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Sarah Hamilton-Wright
- Centre for Research on Inner City Health, The Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, 3rd Floor, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8 Canada
| | - Nihaya Daoud
- Centre for Research on Inner City Health, The Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, 3rd Floor, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8 Canada
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Flora I. Matheson
- Centre for Research on Inner City Health, The Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, 3rd Floor, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8 Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - James R. Dunn
- Centre for Research on Inner City Health, The Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, 3rd Floor, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8 Canada
- Department of Health, Aging and Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Patricia O’Campo
- Centre for Research on Inner City Health, The Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, 3rd Floor, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8 Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
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15
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Matheson FI, Daoud N, Hamilton-Wright S, Borenstein H, Pedersen C, O'Campo P. Where Did She Go? The Transformation of Self-Esteem, Self-Identity, and Mental Well-Being among Women Who Have Experienced Intimate Partner Violence. Womens Health Issues 2015; 25:561-9. [PMID: 26116987 DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Discussions on intimate partner violence (IPV) often focus on physical abuse, ignoring psychological and sexual abuse and controlling behaviors. The damage of varied forms of IPV on mental well-being in its broader form have been far less explored, especially among low-income women. Our aim was to improve our understanding of self-perceptions of mental well-being among low-income women who have experienced IPV by considering a broader definition of mental well-being that includes self-esteem and self-identity as core components. METHODS Using qualitative methods, we present findings from in-depth interviews with 41 low-income women currently or recently experiencing abuse and housing instability. RESULTS Women experienced varied types of violence (physical, sexual, emotional, psychological, social isolation, and controlling behaviors). Injuries resulting from physical abuse were viewed differently from those arising from emotional and psychological control. Physical injuries healed faster, whereas damage to self-esteem and identity lingered. The journey through and out of IPV is often marked by an initial erosion of sense of self (identity deconstruction) followed by the identity reconstruction through an extended process of change aimed at rebuilding self-esteem, mental well-being, self-efficacy, and ultimately self-identity. CONCLUSIONS IPV-related training for physicians and allied health professionals should emphasize the varied nature of IPV and its impact on identity, self-esteem, and self-efficacy. Treatment should be holistic to address comorbid needs, including physical injury, mental health, and addiction problems. Consider supportive programs that integrate those living with or leaving IPV with women with past lived experience who can help women to understand the process of change and support this change in a nurturing setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora I Matheson
- Centre for Research on Inner City Health, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Nihaya Daoud
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Sarah Hamilton-Wright
- Centre for Research on Inner City Health, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heidi Borenstein
- Centre for Research on Inner City Health, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cheryl Pedersen
- Centre for Research on Inner City Health, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patricia O'Campo
- Centre for Research on Inner City Health, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Keygnaert I, Dias SF, Degomme O, Devillé W, Kennedy P, Kováts A, De Meyer S, Vettenburg N, Roelens K, Temmerman M. Sexual and gender-based violence in the European asylum and reception sector: a perpetuum mobile? Eur J Public Health 2014; 25:90-6. [PMID: 24876179 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cku066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Refugees, asylum seekers and undocumented migrants are at risk of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) and subsequent ill-health in Europe; yet, European minimum reception standards do not address SGBV. Hence, this paper explores the nature of SGBV occurring in this sector and discusses determinants for 'Desirable Prevention'. METHODS Applying community-based participatory research, we conducted an SGBV knowledge, attitude and practice survey with residents and professionals in eight European countries. We conducted logistic regression using mixed models to analyse the data in R. RESULTS Of the 562 respondents, 58.3% reported cases of direct (23.3%) or peer (76.6%) victimization. Our results indicate that when men were involved, it most likely concerned sexual perpetration (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 4.09, confidence interval [CI]: 1.2; 13.89) and physical victimization (aOR: 2.57, CI: 1.65; 4), compared with females, who then rather perpetrated emotional violence (aOR: 1.85, CI: 1.08; 3.13) and underwent sexual victimization (aOR: 7.14, CI: 3.33; 16.67). Compared with others, asylum seekers appeared more likely to perpetrate physical (aOR 7.14, CI: 4; 12.5) and endure socio-economic violence (aOR: 10, CI: 1.37; 100), whereas professionals rather bore emotional (aOR: 2.01, CI: 0.98; 4.12) and perpetrated socio-economic violence (aOR: 25.91, CI: 13.41; 50.07). When group perpetration (aOR: 2.13, CI: 1.27; 3.58) or victimization (aOR: 1.84, CI: 1.1; 3.06) occurred, it most likely concerned socio-economic violence. CONCLUSION Within the European asylum reception sector, residents and professionals of both sexes experience SGBV victimization and perpetration. Given the lack of prevention policies, our findings call for urgent Desirable Prevention programmes addressing determinants socio-ecologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Keygnaert
- 1 International Centre for Reproductive Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sonia F Dias
- 2 Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Olivier Degomme
- 1 International Centre for Reproductive Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Patricia Kennedy
- 4 School of Applied Social Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Sara De Meyer
- 1 International Centre for Reproductive Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nicole Vettenburg
- 6 Department of Social Welfare Studies, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristien Roelens
- 1 International Centre for Reproductive Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marleen Temmerman
- 1 International Centre for Reproductive Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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