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Wei YD, Wang Y, Curtis DS, Shin S, Wen M. Built Environment, Natural Environment, and Mental Health. GEOHEALTH 2024; 8:e2024GH001047. [PMID: 38912227 PMCID: PMC11193151 DOI: 10.1029/2024gh001047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Mental health disorders have become a global problem, garnering considerable attention. However, the root causes of deteriorating mental health remain poorly understood, with existing literature predominantly concentrating on socioeconomic conditions and psychological factors. This study uses multi-linear and geographically weighted regressions (GWR) to examine the associations between built and natural environmental attributes and the prevalence of depression in US counties. The findings reveal that job sprawl and land mixed use are highly correlated with a lower risk of depression. Additionally, the presence of green spaces, especially in urban area, is associated with improved mental health. Conversely, higher concentrations of air pollutants, such as PM2.5 and CO, along with increased precipitation, are linked to elevated depression rates. When considering spatial correlation through GWR, the impact of population density and social capital on mental health displays substantial spatial heterogeneity. Further analysis, focused on two high depression risk clustering regions (northwestern and southeastern counties), reveals nuanced determinants. In northwestern counties, depression rates are more influenced by factors like precipitation and socioeconomic conditions, including unemployment and income segregation. In southeastern counties, population demographic characteristics, particularly racial composition, are associated with high depression prevalence, followed by built environment factors. Interestingly, job growth and crime rates only emerge as significant factors in the context of high depression risks in southeastern counties. This study underscores the robust linkages and spatial variations between built and natural environments and mental health, emphasizing the need for effective depression treatment to incorporate these multifaceted factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of GeographyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA
| | - David S. Curtis
- Department of Family and Consumer StudiesUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA
| | - Sungeun Shin
- Department of GeographyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA
| | - Ming Wen
- Faculty of Social SciencesUniversity of Hong KongHong KongChina
- Department of SociologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA
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2
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Lai AHY, Lam JKH, Yao H, Tsui E, Leung C. Effects of students' perception of teachers' ethnic-racial socialization on students' ethnic identity and mental health in rural China's schools. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1275367. [PMID: 38425347 PMCID: PMC10903739 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1275367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Using students in the Liangshan Yi autonomous prefectures of southwestern China (n = 585; 13-15 years old), we examined (i) the effects of students' perception of their teachers' ethnic-racial socialization on their ethnic identity and mental health outcomes of depressive and stress symptoms; (ii) the effects of students' ethnic identity on their depressive and stress symptoms; (iii) the differential associations among these factors in Yi ethnic minority versus Han cultural majority students. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey and used multistage sampling to collect the information. Chinese-validated standardized measures were used: the Patient Health Questionaires-9, Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale-8, Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure, Cultural Socialization Scale, and Teachers' Attitude on Adoption of Cultural Diversity Scale. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis and multigroup structural equation modeling were employed. Results Comparing the findings in Yi and Han students, their perception of teachers' ethnic-racial socialization had dissimilar effects on their ethnic identity and mental health outcomes. Three key findings comparing the differences between Yi and Han students were as follows: (i) students' perception of their teachers' multicultural socialization practices positively affected the ethnic identity of both Yi and Han young people; however, their perception of their teachers' socializing them to their own cultures did not exert any effect; (ii) students' perception of teachers' multicultural socialization practices had different mental health effects on Yi versus Han students; and (iii) ethnic identity affected the mental health of Yi ethnic minority students only. Conclusion The findings underscore the importance of teachers' multicultural socialization in the ethnic identity development of both Yi ethnic minority and Han majority students. Ethnic identity serves as a linking variable bridging perceived teachers' multicultural socialization practices and mental health in Yi ethnic minority students but not among the Han cultural majority youths. Research, practice, and policy implications relevant to the global context are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason K. H. Lam
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hong Yao
- Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Elaine Tsui
- School of Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cynthia Leung
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Li H, H E M Browning M, Dzhambov AM, Mainuddin Patwary M, Zhang G. Potential pathways of association from green space to smartphone addiction. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 331:121852. [PMID: 37230169 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Green space is increasingly known to improve physical and mental health. Based on these benefits, green space might also be expected to help mitigate related harmful behavioral patterns, such as obsessive Internet use and relevant addictions. In response, we conducted a study on smartphone addiction, a new form of Internet addiction. We carried out a cross-sectional investigation in August 2022. We recruited 1011 smartphone users across China, measured the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in their residential neighborhoods (in 1, 2, and 3 km buffers), and captured data on smartphone addiction via the Smartphone Addiction Scale - Short version (SAS-SV). Potential mediators between green space and smartphone addiction, including physical activity, stress, and loneliness, were also reported by participants using the Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 (PRS-3), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21), and 8-items UCLA Loneliness Scale scales (ULS-8). Multiple linear regression was employed to examine the relationships between green space and smartphone addiction. Structural equation modeling was performed to examine the potential pathways between these variables. Unexpectedly, NDVI in 1 km buffers was positively associated with smartphone addiction. By contrast, population density, an indicator of urbanization, was associated with lower levels of smartphone addiction levels in all NDVI buffer sizes. Meanwhile, we found NDVI was strongly associated with population density as well as other indicators of urbanization. Generally, our findings are unexpected and suggest that greenness may serve as an indicator of urbanization at national levels and that urbanization may buffer against smartphone addiction. During the hot summer, green space and indoor facilities may have competitive land uses, so future research should examine whether this association exists in other seasons and scenarios. We also recommend alternative models to systematically evaluate the effects of different components of residential environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansen Li
- Institute of Sports Science, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Matthew H E M Browning
- Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management (PRTM), Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Angel M Dzhambov
- Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Research Group "Health and Quality of Life in a Green and Sustainable Environment", SRIPD, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Institute of Highway Engineering and Transport Planning, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Muhammad Mainuddin Patwary
- Environment and Sustainability Research Initiative, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh; Environmental Science Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Institute of Sports Science, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Kobayashi E, Harada K, Okamoto S, Liang J. Living Alone and Depressive Symptoms Among Older Japanese: Do Urbanization and Time Period Matter? J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2023; 78:718-729. [PMID: 36548947 PMCID: PMC10413811 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbac195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous research has suggested cross-national differences in the association between living alone and well-being among older adults. This study examined whether the association varied across social contexts within the country, Japan, in terms of varying degree of urbanization and differential time periods. METHODS Data were obtained from a nine-wave nationwide longitudinal survey with a probability sample of Japanese adults aged 60 years and over. Respondents belonged to one of the three periods (around 1990, 2000, and 2015) according to the year they commenced participation. As many as 4,655 individuals from 575 municipalities provided 9,016 observation sets of two consecutive waves (t - 1 and t). Within a framework of the Hierarchical Generalized Linear Model, depressive symptoms at t were predicted based on changes in living arrangements from t - 1 to t and their cross-level interactions with gender, level of urbanization, and time period, controlling for various covariates at t - 1. RESULTS In general, older adults living alone continuously as well as those who started living alone between the waves showed more depressive symptoms than those coresiding with someone continuously. However, this tendency was more prominent among rural residents than their urban counterparts, especially for men. Moreover, the effect of continuously living alone on depressive symptoms became smaller in Period 2015 than that in Period 1990, because of the increase in depressiveness in coresident older adults. DISCUSSION Our findings indicate that living alone has a differential effect on older adults' well-being depending on the social context where residents' preferences for living arrangements and availability of formal services could vary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Kobayashi
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Harada
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Jissen Women’s University, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Okamoto
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jersey Liang
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Health Care Management and Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
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Zhang A, Zhai S, Liu X, Song G, Feng Y. Investigating the Association between Streetscapes and Mental Health in Zhanjiang, China: Using Baidu Street View Images and Deep Learning. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16634. [PMID: 36554515 PMCID: PMC9779280 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mental health is one of the main factors that significantly affect one's life. Previous studies suggest that streets are the main activity space for urban residents and have important impacts on human mental health. Existing studies, however, have not fully examined the relationships between streetscape characteristics and people's mental health on a street level. This study thus aims to explore the spatial patterns of urban streetscape features and their associations with residents' mental health by age and sex in Zhanjiang, China. Using Baidu Street View (BSV) images and deep learning, we extracted the Green View Index (GVI) and the street enclosure to represent two physical features of the streetscapes. Global Moran's I and hotspot analysis methods were used to examine the spatial distributions of streetscape features. We find that both GVI and street enclosure tend to cluster, but show almost opposite spatial distributions. The Results of Pearson's correlation analysis show that residents' mental health does not correlate with GVI, but it has a significant positive correlation with the street enclosure, especially for men aged 31 to 70 and women over 70-year-old. These findings emphasize the important effects of streetscapes on human health and provide useful information for urban planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shiyan Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- Department of Community Health Science, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Genxin Song
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yuke Feng
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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Cao D, Zhou Z, Ren Y, Deng Q, Zhai X, Liu G, Zhao D, Zhao Y, Shen C. The relationship between duration of subjective poverty and health among Chinese adults: Evidence from the China Family Panel Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:939569. [PMID: 36276380 PMCID: PMC9581302 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.939569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The disadvantaged socioeconomic status could have accumulated negative effects on individual. In the Chinese context, studying subjective and relative poverty is more important under the implementation of the Targeted Poverty Alleviation campaign. This study aims to provide evidence of the relationship between the duration of subjective poverty and both physical and mental health among Chinese adults, using nationally longitudinal data from 2010 to 2018. Materials and methods Data were extracted from a nationally representative survey database-the China Family Panel Study (CFPS). The total sample size contains 12,003 adults, with 3,532 in the urban area and 8,471 in the rural area. Self-rated health and depressive symptoms were set as indicators of physical health and mental health, respectively. The duration of subjective poverty was measured by self-rated income level in the local area from 2010 to 2016. A series of ordinary least square regression was adopted to measure the relationship between duration of subjective poverty and health. Results For the urban residents, the average duration of subjective poverty is 1.99 time points, while 1.98 time points for the rural residents. Net of objective poverty, duration of subjective poverty has a significantly negative association with individual's self-rated health in the rural sample (Coef. = -0.10, p < 0.001). Compared with those who have not experienced subjective poverty, the self-rated health score of people who experienced four time points is likely to decrease by 0.54 in the rural area and 0.30 in the urban area. In terms of mental health, 1 unit increase in the duration of subjective poverty is related to 0.15 unit increase in Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-8 (CES-D8) scores in the urban sample and 0.46 in the rural sample. Compared with those who have not experienced subjective poverty, the CES-D8 scores of people who experienced four time points are likely to increase by 1.47 in the rural area and 0.95 in the urban area. Conclusion A longer duration of subjective poverty has a cumulatively negative effect on Chinese residents' physical and mental health, especially in rural area. Our study advocates researchers and policymakers pay more attention to the cumulative effect of subjective poverty on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China,School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhongliang Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China,School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China,*Correspondence: Zhongliang Zhou
| | - Yangling Ren
- School of Public Administration, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiwei Deng
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhai
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guanping Liu
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dantong Zhao
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaxin Zhao
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chi Shen
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Xu Z, Gahr M, Xiang Y, Kingdon D, Rüsch N, Wang G. The state of mental health care in China. Asian J Psychiatr 2022; 69:102975. [PMID: 34998231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years there have been considerable changes in China's mental health service system. This review provides an overview of the development of mental health services in China, including epidemiological data on psychiatric disorders, utilisation of mental health services, models of mental health service delivery, mental health resources and workforce, mental health policy framework and financial issues. We consider cultural and social factors including the involvement of family members in patient care, urbanisation and internal migration as well as the application of traditional Chinese medicine, which provides implications for mental health research and practice. Additionally, we also discuss major challenges and conclude by providing some specific recommendations on improving mental health services in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Xu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, University of Ulm, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Gahr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Yutao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | | | - Nicolas Rüsch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, University of Ulm and BKH Günzburg, Germany
| | - Gang Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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OUP accepted manuscript. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2022; 116:807-813. [DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trac010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Vu LG, Le LK, Dam AVT, Nguyen SH, Vu TTM, Trinh TTH, Do AL, Do NM, Le TH, Latkin C, Ho RCM, Ho CSH. Factor Structures of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Instruments in Exploring Depressive Symptoms of Suburban Population. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:838747. [PMID: 35990070 PMCID: PMC9381874 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.838747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to examine the psychometric properties of the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and assess the relationship between the PHQ-9 domain and demographics and health behaviors in Vietnamese people. MATERIALS AND METHODS The PHQ9 was administered to 899 participants. Exploratory factor and reliability analyses were performed. Tobit regression and Ordered logistic regression were further performed to determine factors associated with the PHQ-9 score and characteristics of depression. RESULTS The 2-factor model of PHQ-9, including factor 1 "Somatic" and factor 2 "Cognitive/Affective," showed good psychometric properties. The Cronbach's alpha value showed high internal consistency in two factors (0.84 and 0.80, respectively). Gender, health behavior exercising, drinking, and health status had associations with both factors of the PHQ-9 model. CONCLUSION The PHQ-9 scale is a valid and reliable instrument to assess depression in the Vietnam population. This scale can be a useful screening tool for depression; however, further validation studies in other populations are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Gia Vu
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam.,Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | | | - Anh Vu Trong Dam
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam.,Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Son Hoang Nguyen
- Center of Excellence in Evidence-Based Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Anh Linh Do
- Institute of Health Economics and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Trang Huyen Le
- Sub-Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Carl Latkin
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Roger C M Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cyrus S H Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Baghdadi LR, Alhassan MK, Alotaibi FH, AlSelaim KB, Alzahrani AA, AlMusaeed FF. Anxiety, Depression, and Common Chronic Diseases, and Their Association With Social Determinants in Saudi Primary Care. J Prim Care Community Health 2021; 12:21501327211054987. [PMID: 34814776 PMCID: PMC8673869 DOI: 10.1177/21501327211054987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Patients with chronic diseases can experience psychological conditions, including anxiety and depression. However, the association between chronic diseases and these psychological conditions remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the relationship between anxiety, depression, and common chronic diseases (hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and rheumatoid arthritis), and their association with social determinants at an outpatient primary care setting. Methods: The validated hospital anxiety and depression scale was administered electronically to eligible participants. For each condition (anxiety and depression), participants were categorized as normal, borderline abnormal, and abnormal, according to their score out of 21 (≤7 = normal, 8-10 = borderline abnormal, ≥11 = abnormal). The scores and numbers of participants in each category were analyzed and compared with their demographic characteristics and chronic diseases for associations and relationships. Results: We recruited 271 participants (mean age of 51.65 + 11.71 years) attending primary care clinics. Of these patients, 17.7% and 8.9% had borderline abnormal and abnormal depression, respectively, and 10.3% and 8.9% of patients had borderline abnormal anxiety and abnormal anxiety. Common social determinants and lifestyle factors were examined. Age, gender, and sugary drinks’ consumption significantly increased the odds of hypertension and type 2 diabetes; vigorous physical activity 3 times a week, decreased the odds of developing these chronic diseases. Adjusted regression models showed a statistically significant association between the hospital anxiety and depression scale score for borderline and abnormal anxiety and the presence of type 2 diabetes (OR 3.04 [95% CI 1.13, 8.19], P-value = .03 and OR 4.65 [95% CI 1.63,13.22], P-value <.03, respectively) and dyslipidemia (OR 5.93 [95% CI 1.54, 22.86], P-value = .01, and OR 4.70 [95% CI 0.78, 28.35], P-value = .09, respectively). The odds of developing depression were 4 times higher (P-value .04) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Conclusion: Among patients attending primary care outpatient clinics, anxiety, and depression were significantly associated with type 2 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis, respectively. Social determinants and lifestyle factors play a major role in the development of common chronic diseases in Saudi Arabia. Primary care physicians should consider the patients’ psychological status, sociodemographic status, and lifestyle risks during the management of chronic diseases.
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Li L, Shen X, Zhou X, Cao H, Feng J, Lei Z, Tian K, Liang J, Wang Y, Lu Z, Gan Y. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Home Quarantine Strategy Implementation Among Chinese Residents During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. Front Psychol 2021; 12:679538. [PMID: 34594261 PMCID: PMC8476788 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.679538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Home quarantine is an important strategy to contain the mass spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, there are a dearth of studies on the prevalence and risk factors of home quarantine strategy implementation among residents. This study aims to assess the state of home quarantine strategy implementation among Chinese residents, which could provide a reference for quarantine policymakers around the world during the pandemic. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 3,398 residents in China by adopting a convenience sampling strategy. We measured the prevalence and risk factors of home quarantine strategy implementation with the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC 10), and Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS). A multivariable model was used to determine the factors associated with home quarantine strategy implementation. Results: A total of 2,936 (86.4%) respondents carried out home quarantine. There were some factors significantly associated with home quarantine strategy implementation among Chinese residents during the COVID-19 outbreak. Respondents who were male, lived in western and central China, were aware of the primary symptoms of COVID-19, were willing to accept recommendations on relevant protective measures, understood local quarantine measures, had better resilience, and had better social support were more likely to engage in home quarantine. Respondents who were married, were employed, were healthy, and had high depression scores were more likely to refuse to follow home quarantine guidance. Conclusions: Gender, region, marital status, employment status, health status, awareness of the primary symptoms of COVID-19, willingness to accept recommendations on relevant protective measures, understanding of local quarantine measures, depression, psychological resilience, and perceived social support were the main factors affecting the implementation of residents' home quarantine strategy. Health service policymakers should adopt relevant measures to improve the prevalence of home quarantine strategy implementation among residents during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Li
- Department of Management Science and Engineer, School of Economics and Management, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhou
- Department of Human Resource Management, School of Economics and Management, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Labor Economics and Management, Beijing Vocational College of Labour and Social Security, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zihui Lei
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kunming Tian
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiarui Liang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,National Health Center Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Management, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zuxun Lu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Gan
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Lu P, Yang L, Wang C, Xia G, Xiang H, Chen G, Jiang N, Ye T, Pang Y, Sun H, Yan L, Su Z, Heyworth J, Huxley R, Fisher J, Li S, Guo Y. Mental health of new undergraduate students before and after COVID-19 in China. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18783. [PMID: 34552105 PMCID: PMC8458482 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98140-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in severity of anxiety and depression symptoms, stress and sleeping quality after three months of mass quarantine for COVID-19 among undergraduate fresh students compared to their pre-COVID-19 measures. We used participants from the Chinese Undergraduate Cohort (CUC), a national prospective longitudinal study to examine the changes in anxiety and depression symptoms severity, stress and sleep quality after being under mass quarantine for three months. Wilcoxon matched pair signed-rank test was used to compare the lifestyle indicators. Severity of anxiety, depression symptoms, stress and sleep quality were compared with Wilcoxon signed-rank test. We used generalized estimating equation (GEE) to further quantify the change in mental health indicators and sleep quality after the COVID-19 mass quarantine compared to baseline. This study found that there was no deterioration in mental health status among Chinese new undergraduate students in 2020 after COVID-19 mass quarantine compared with the baseline measures in 2019. There was an improvement in sleep quality and anxiety symptoms. After adjusting for age, sex, exercise habit, time spent on mobile gadgets, and time spent outdoors, year 2020 was significantly associated with severity of depression symptoms in males (OR:1.52. 95%CI:1.05-2.20, p-value = 0.027). Year 2020 was significantly associated with the improvement of sleeping quality in total (OR:0.45, 95%CI:0.38-0.52, p < 0.001) and in all the subgroups. This longitudinal study found no deterioration in mental health status among Chinese new undergraduate students after three months of mass quarantine for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lu
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chongjian Wang
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guoxin Xia
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Xiang
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gongbo Chen
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Tingting Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yucheng Pang
- Department of Human Resources, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Hongwei Sun
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Lailai Yan
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenguo Su
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jane Heyworth
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Jane Fisher
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yuming Guo
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China. .,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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13
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Fletcher DH, Likongwe PJ, Chiotha SS, Nduwayezu G, Mallick D, Uddin Md N, Rahman A, Golovátina-Mora P, Lotero L, Bricker S, Tsirizeni M, Fitch A, Panagi M, Ruiz Villena C, Arnhardt C, Vande Hey J, Gornall R, Jones L. Using demand mapping to assess the benefits of urban green and blue space in cities from four continents. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 785:147238. [PMID: 33940421 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The benefits of urban green and blue infrastructure (UGI) are widely discussed, but rarely take into account local conditions or contexts. Although assessments increasingly consider the demand for the ecosystem services that UGI provides, they tend to only map the spatial pattern of pressures such as heat, or air pollution, and lack a wider understanding of where the beneficiaries are located and who will benefit most. We assess UGI in five cities from four continents with contrasting climate, socio-political context, and size. For three example services (air pollution removal, heat mitigation, accessible greenspace), we run an assessment that takes into account spatial patterns in the socio-economic demand for ecosystem services and develops metrics that reflect local context, drawing on the principles of vulnerability assessment. Despite similar overall levels of UGI (from 35 to 50% of urban footprint), the amount of service provided differs substantially between cities. Aggregate cooling ranged from 0.44 °C (Leicester) to 0.98 °C (Medellin), while pollution removal ranged from 488 kg PM2.5/yr (Zomba) to 48,400 kg PM2.5/yr (Dhaka). Percentage population with access to nearby greenspace ranged from 82% (Dhaka) to 100% (Zomba). The spatial patterns of pressure, of ecosystem service, and of maximum benefit within a city do not necessarily match, and this has implications for planning optimum locations for UGI in cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Fletcher
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK.
| | - Patrick J Likongwe
- AFRICITY project manager and PhD Scholar, Environmental Science (Urban Ecosystem Services), LEAD, P/Bag 07, Zomba, Malawi
| | - Sosten S Chiotha
- LEAD Southern and Eastern Africa, Mulunguzi, Fishing Flies Road, Zomba, Malawi
| | - Gilbert Nduwayezu
- School of Engineering, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Dwijen Mallick
- Bangladesh Centre for Advanced Studies (BCAS), House 10, Road 16A, Gulshan-1, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Nasir Uddin Md
- Bangladesh Centre for Advanced Studies (BCAS), House 10, Road 16A, Gulshan-1, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Atiq Rahman
- Bangladesh Centre for Advanced Studies (BCAS), House 10, Road 16A, Gulshan-1, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Polina Golovátina-Mora
- Faculty of Social Communication-Journalism, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Laura Lotero
- Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Stephanie Bricker
- British Geological Survey, Environmental Science Centre, Nicker Hill, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK
| | - Mathews Tsirizeni
- LEAD Southern and Eastern Africa, Mulunguzi, Fishing Flies Road, Zomba, Malawi
| | - Alice Fitch
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Marios Panagi
- University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | | | - Christian Arnhardt
- British Geological Survey, Environmental Science Centre, Nicker Hill, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK
| | | | - Richard Gornall
- University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Laurence Jones
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
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14
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Fung K, Cheng SL, Ning X, Li ATW, Zhang J, Liu JJW, Hilario CT, Cheng X, Yu M, Jia CX, Gao J, Wong JPH. Mental Health Promotion and Stigma Reduction Among University Students Using the Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) Framework: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 10:e25592. [PMID: 34435956 PMCID: PMC8430866 DOI: 10.2196/25592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rapid urbanization, academic pressures, and developmental life transition stressors contribute to mental health stress for postsecondary students in China. Effective prevention, early identification, and timely intervention are challenged by stigma, a lack of mental health literacy, and inadequate mental health resources. Objective Our implementation science (IS) research project is aimed at evaluating the use of an evidence-informed mental health promotion intervention named Acceptance and Commitment to Empowerment – Linking Youth and ‘Xin’ (hearts) (ACE-LYNX) to promote university student mental health in Jinan, China. Methods We will engage and collaborate with Shandong Mental Health Center, the provincial mental health center, and six local universities in different regions of Jinan. The ACE-LYNX intervention aims to reduce social stigma against mental illness, enhance mental health literacy, and improve access to quality mental health care by increasing interdisciplinary collaboration and forming a mental health network. It is based on two evidence-based approaches, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Group Empowerment Psychoeducation (GEP), and it will be delivered through online learning and in-person group training. The project will train 90 interdisciplinary professionals using the model. They will in turn train 15 professionals and 20 students at each university. The project will adopt the Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework, which provides a structure to examine the process and outcomes of implementation using mixed methods comprising quantitative and qualitative approaches along five dimensions: reach, efficacy, adoption, implementation, and maintenance. Results Over the course of the project, 720 champions will be directly trained. They will contribute to developing a formal and informal mental health network, strengthened by student-led mental health initiatives and professional-led initiatives to promote collaborative care and facilitated care pathways. We anticipate that our project will reach out to 11,000 to 18,000 students. Conclusions This IS protocol will outline our unique intervention model and key steps to contextualize, implement, and evaluate community-based mental health intervention. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/25592
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Fung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sheng-Li Cheng
- Department of Social Work, School of Philosophy and Social Development, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuan Ning
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Jenny Jing-Wen Liu
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Miao Yu
- Department of Social Work, School of Philosophy and Social Development, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cun-Xian Jia
- Department of Epidemiology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianguo Gao
- Department of Social Work, School of Philosophy and Social Development, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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15
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Yang M, Hagenauer J, Dijst M, Helbich M. Assessing the perceived changes in neighborhood physical and social environments and how they are associated with Chinese internal migrants' mental health. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1240. [PMID: 34182975 PMCID: PMC8240258 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11289-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migrants experience substantial changes in their neighborhood physical and social environments along their migration journeys, but little is known about how perceived changes in their neighborhood environment pre- and post-migration correlate with their mental health. Our aim was to examine the associations between recalled changes in the perceived neighborhood physical and social environments and migrants' mental health in the host city. METHODS We used cross-sectional data on 591 migrants in Shenzhen, China. We assessed their risk of mental illness using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Neighborhood perceptions were collected retrospectively pre- and post-migration. We used random forests to analyze possibly non-linear associations between GHQ scores and changes in the neighborhood environment, variable importance, and for exploratory analysis of variable interactions. RESULTS Perceived changes in neighborhood aesthetics, safety, and green space were non-linearly associated with migrants' mental health: A decline in these characteristics was associated with poor mental health, while improvements in them were unrelated to mental health benefits. Variable importance showed that change in safety was the most influential neighborhood characteristic, although individual-level characteristics-such as self-reported physical health, personal income, and hukou (i.e., the Chinese household registration system)-appeared to be more important to explain GHQ scores and also strongly interacted with other variables. For physical health, we found different associations between changes in the neighborhood provoked by migration and mental health. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that perceived degradations in the physical environment are related to poorer post-migration mental health. In addition, it seems that perceived changes in the neighborhood environment play a minor role compared to individual-level characteristics, in particular migrants' physical health condition. Replication of our findings in longitudinal settings is needed to exclude reverse causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8A, Utrecht, CB 3584 The Netherlands
| | - Julian Hagenauer
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8A, Utrecht, CB 3584 The Netherlands
| | - Martin Dijst
- LISER, Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Marco Helbich
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8A, Utrecht, CB 3584 The Netherlands
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16
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Richter D, Löbner M, Riedel-Heller SG, Gühne U. [What do we Know About the Link Between Urbanisation and Mental Illness? - A Systematic Review]. PSYCHIATRISCHE PRAXIS 2021; 48:231-241. [PMID: 33626579 DOI: 10.1055/a-1347-4812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The proportion of peoples living in cities or urban areas will increase till 2050 enormously. The present paper investigated the effect of urbanization on mental health. METHODS We systematically searched electronic databases (Medline, Health Evidence and Google Scholar) for systematic reviews and single studies. RESULTS Analyzed findings showed mostly increased incidence or prevalence ratios for the occurence of schizophrenia, other psychotic disorders and depression. The relationship between urbanisation and mental health among immigrants (migration: country to city) is not clearly established. Sociodemographic and economic factors have a moderating effect. Urbanization is not conceptualised in a uniform way. CONCLUSION Further research is needed with standardized and consistent approaches of urbanization as well as focusing current birth cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Richter
- Institut für Qualitätssicherung und Transparenz im Gesundheitswesen (IQTIG), Berlin.,Universität Leipzig, Institut für Sozialmedizin, Arbeitsmedizin und Public Health (ISAP), Universität Leipzig
| | - Margrit Löbner
- Universität Leipzig, Institut für Sozialmedizin, Arbeitsmedizin und Public Health (ISAP), Universität Leipzig
| | - Steffi G Riedel-Heller
- Universität Leipzig, Institut für Sozialmedizin, Arbeitsmedizin und Public Health (ISAP), Universität Leipzig
| | - Uta Gühne
- Universität Leipzig, Institut für Sozialmedizin, Arbeitsmedizin und Public Health (ISAP), Universität Leipzig
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17
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Shahril MR, Amirfaiz S, Lua PL, Nurnazahiah A, Zakarai NS, Kow VL, Ahmad A, Sulaiman S. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among breast cancer survivors in East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:238. [PMID: 33509143 PMCID: PMC7844947 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10288-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To date, limited data are available on metabolic syndrome prevalence among breast cancer survivors in Malaysia. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and abnormal metabolic syndrome components among breast cancer survivors in East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Methods This cross-sectional study included 95 breast cancer survivors (age 53.7 ± 7.6 years) who have completed main cancer treatments for ≥6 months. Cancer survivors were recruited from two main government hospitals in Kelantan and Terengganu using a purposive sampling method. Results According to the Harmonized criteria, the metabolic syndrome prevalence was 50.5%. Among those with metabolic syndrome, the most prevalent abnormal metabolic components were triglycerides (91.2%), fasting blood glucose (79.6%) and HDL-c level (78.4%). Except for total cholesterol and LDL-c, all other metabolic syndrome components were significantly different (p < 0.05) between those with and without metabolic syndrome. Significant differences between metabolic syndrome and non-metabolic syndrome groups were found for weight, BMI, waist circumference, body fat percentage and cancer stages (p < 0.05). However, no significant relationship was reported between sociodemographic, clinical parameters and metabolic syndrome among breast cancer survivors in this study. Conclusions Metabolic syndrome was highly prevalent among breast cancer survivors. It is recommended for health care professionals to closely monitor and improve the triglycerides, blood glucose and HDL-c level of the breast cancer survivors under their care to control the detrimental effect of metabolic syndrome. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10288-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Razif Shahril
- Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. .,Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, Kuala Nerus, 21300, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Syed Amirfaiz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, Kuala Nerus, 21300, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Pei Lin Lua
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, Besut, 22200, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Ali Nurnazahiah
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, Kuala Nerus, 21300, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nor Syamimi Zakarai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, Kuala Nerus, 21300, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Ving Lok Kow
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, Kuala Nerus, 21300, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Aryati Ahmad
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, Kuala Nerus, 21300, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Suhaina Sulaiman
- Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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18
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He S, Song D, Jian WY. The Association between Urbanization and Depression among the Middle-Aged and Elderly: A Longitudinal Study in China. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 2020; 57:46958020965470. [PMID: 33095089 PMCID: PMC7585885 DOI: 10.1177/0046958020965470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Urbanization has been and will continue to be the mainstream trend of global population movement, including China. Depression is the most common mental disorders and the leading factor of disabilities. However, the impacts of urbanization on the depression occurrence are still unclear. This paper analyzed the data from 3 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) with sample size as 8510 adults representing the middle aged and elderly group in China. Depression was identified and measured by the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10). Urbanization level was measured by population density, GDP per capita and secondary/tertiary industry as percentage to GDP in the China City Statistical Yearbook. The fixed effect regression model was used to explore the association between the changes of urbanization and depression. As result, depression is closely related to the urbanization, protective effects are found for 3 indicators above: The depression prevalence decreases while urbanization level increases (from lowest urbanization level to the highest: P < 0.01). Among the 10 depression symptoms, "Bothered", "Reduced energy leading to diminished activity" and "Hopelessness" are the most significantly improved with urbanization. The impact of urbanization on residents' mental health is a long-term, multi-factor interaction. Therefore we need to fully consider all possible influencing factors, and longer follow-up study to verify.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan He
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Duo Song
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Yan Jian
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
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19
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Yang TH, Xirasagar S, Cheng YF, Wu CS, Kuo NW, Lin HC. Peripheral Vestibular Disorders: Nationwide Evidence From Taiwan. Laryngoscope 2020; 131:639-643. [PMID: 32621538 DOI: 10.1002/lary.28877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of peripheral vestibular disorders in an Asian population of predominantly Han Chinese ethnicity. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Patients with a peripheral vertigo disorder were identified from the Taiwan Health Insurance Research Database, a database of all medical claims of a randomly selected, population-representative sample of 2 million enrollees of Taiwan's National Health Insurance system covering over 99% of Taiwan's citizens. In 2016, 59,986 patients received a diagnosis of peripheral vestibular disorders in Taiwan. We calculated the population-wide prevalence rates of peripheral vestibular disorders in 2016 by sex and age group (20 to 24, 25 to 29, 30 to 34, 35 to 39, 40 to 44, 45 to 49, 50 to 54, 55 to 59, 60 to 64, 65 to 69, and ≥ 70 years) stratified into five urbanization levels. RESULTS The prevalence rate of peripheral vestibular disorders was 2,833.4 per 100,000 population during the year. Prevalence of Meniere's disease was 70.4 per 100,000, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, 446.4, vestibular neuritis 307.2, and other or unspecified peripheral vestibular dizziness, 2,009.5 per 100,000. Prevalence rates steadily increased with age for every type of peripheral vestibular disorder, and were higher among females compared to males. The female-to-male gender ratios were 1.84, 1.89, and 1.93 for Meniere's disease, vestibular neuritis, and other peripheral vestibular dizziness, respectively. Counties with the lowest urbanization level had the highest prevalence rates of all types of peripheral vestibular disorders except vestibular neuritis. CONCLUSIONS Results showed that peripheral vestibular disorders are common in Taiwan, increase with age, are predominantly female, and show higher prevalence in rural areas. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2b Laryngoscope, 131:639-643, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzong-Hann Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Speech, Language, and Audiology, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health, Taipei, Taiwan.,Research Center of Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sudha Xirasagar
- Department of Health Services Policy and Management, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Yen-Fu Cheng
- Department of Speech, Language, and Audiology, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Song Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Research Center of Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,College of Science and Engineering, Fu Jen University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Wen Kuo
- School of Health Care Administration, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Herng-Ching Lin
- School of Health Care Administration, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Sleep Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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20
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Nong S, Chen Z. Whither the roads lead to? Estimating association between urbanization and primary healthcare service use with chinese prefecture-level data in 2014. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234081. [PMID: 32492048 PMCID: PMC7269333 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid economic development across China over recent decades, examining how urbanization may affect healthcare service use and its implications is more than urgent. This study estimates the association between urbanization and primary healthcare services use in China. We construct a prefecture-level dataset on healthcare services utilization and urbanization. We regress the proportion of residents using healthcare services in primary healthcare centers versus secondary or tertiary hospitals on a set of prefecture-level control variables. Results suggest that use of primary healthcare centers outpatient service is positively associated with being in the proximity of a provincial capital, but negatively correlated with the percentage of the urban population and the availability of public transportation. Higher likelihood of seeking care in major hospitals instead of primary healthcare centers is associated with urbanization, justifying a need for primary care physicians as gatekeepers in China's healthcare delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Nong
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
- Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
- University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China
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21
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Burden of depression in China, 1990-2017: Findings from the global burden of disease study 2017. J Affect Disord 2020; 268:95-101. [PMID: 32158012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression in China has risen from the 15th leading cause of all-cause disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 1990 to the 10th in 2017. However, the burden of depression and the epidemiological trend in Chinese provinces remain unclear. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and burden of depression among different sexes, ages, disease types and provincial administrative units in China. METHODS Based on a general analysis of the Global Burden of Disease study (GBD) in 2017, we analyzed the age- sex- and province-specific prevalence and DALYs of depression in China from 1990 to 2017. RESULTS From 1990 to 2017, the all-age prevalence rate of depression per 100,000 rose from 3224.6 (95% UI:2976.6-3509.1) to 3990.5 (95% UI: 3667.8-4353.0), and the DALY rate per 100,000 rose from 525.1 (95% UI: 373.5-719.0) to 607.4 (95% UI: 427.7-820.2). The prevalence rate decreased in the population aged 5-54 years, and increased in the population aged over 55 years. In 2017, the prevalence rate of females (5039.6, 95% UI: 4630.0-5502.8) was significantly higher than that of males (2984.9, 95% UI: 2736.0-3265.3). The prevalence and DALY rate increased in all provinces. However, the age-standardized prevalence and DALYs rate decreased in 31 provinces. CONCLUSIONS Depression has gradually become a major public health issue in China. The government should take measures to prevent the development of depression immediately. Women and the elderly are at high risk for depression.
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Independent or Influential? Spatial-Temporal Features of Coordination Level between Urbanization Quality and Urbanization Scale in China and Its Driving Mechanism. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051587. [PMID: 32121500 PMCID: PMC7084847 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The quality and scale of urbanization development are the two main aspects in China’s current urbanization process. By measuring and analyzing the level differences in these two aspects, the healthy development of China’s urbanization and urban–rural integration will be promoted. Based on the quality of urbanization and the scale of urbanization, this paper constructs an evaluation index system for urbanization coordination level. On this basis, this paper analyzes the spatial correlation, spatial difference, and spatial pattern evolution characteristics of urbanization coordination level in 286 sample cities nationwide from 2005 to 2015. Then, by introducing the spatial econometric regression model, this paper discusses the driving mechanism of the spatial and temporal evolution of urbanization coordination level. The results show that: (1) The level of coordination between urbanization quality and urbanization scale shows a strong spatial correlation in space, which is consistent with the actual development status; (2) the level of urbanization coordination shows a trend of evolution from northeast to southwest in the evolution of spatial pattern, but the extent of change is small; and (3) the spatial and temporal pattern of urbanization coordination level is affected by different driving forces, of which internal source is the primary impact factor, followed by administrative level and investment level. In addition, the level of urbanization coordination has a positive spillover effect on the level of urbanization coordination in adjacent areas.
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Determinants of Subjective Health, Happiness, and Life Satisfaction among Young Adults (18-24 Years) in Guyana. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9063808. [PMID: 32047818 PMCID: PMC7003259 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9063808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Persistent urban-rural disparity in subjective health and quality of life is a growing concern for healthcare systems across the world. In general, urban population performs better on most health indicators compared with their rural counterparts. However, research evidence on the urban-rural disparity on perceived health, happiness, and quality of life among the young adult population is scarce in South American countries like Guyana. Therefore, in the present study we aimed to investigate whether subjective health, happiness, and quality of life differ according to place of residence among the young adult population in Guyana.
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Hou B, Nazroo J, Banks J, Marshall A. Are cities good for health? A study of the impacts of planned urbanization in China. Int J Epidemiol 2019; 48:1083-1090. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyz031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Urbanization in developing countries is usually accompanied by migration to cities, making it a challenge to unpack the independent relationships between migration, urbanization and health, particularly in the presence of health-selective migration. Since 1978, unprecedented planned urbanization has taken place in China and further increases to the urban population are expected. This paper explored the impacts of urbanization in China through a comparative study of in situ urbanized population.
Methods
Using the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), a nationally representative dataset for people aged 45 years or older, we compared self-assessed general health, depressive symptoms and waist circumference among three groups: (i) in situ urbanized-rural residents; (ii) rural residents; and (iii) urban residents. Using a model informed by the literature on the social determinants of health in later life, we investigated the patterning and drivers of differences in health outcomes between these three groups, in order to explore the impact of urbanization independent of the impact of migration.
Results
There are consistent advantages in health and less depression among urbanized-rural residents compared with the rural group; and this group has even better health outcomes than the urban group after adjusting for early life differences. However, this relationship is reversed for waist circumference. Socioeconomic circumstances and factors related to a planned urbanization partly explain these effects.
Conclusions
Urbanization in China has, on average, had an independent and positive effect on health and well-being. Planned urbanization could benefit people’s health in developing countries. It is likely that improved infrastructure is a key driver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hou
- National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - James Nazroo
- Sociology Department
- Manchester Institute for Collaborative Research on Ageing
- Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research
| | - James Banks
- Economics Department, School of Social Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Institute for Fiscal Studies, London, UK
| | - Alan Marshall
- School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Zainol M, Sidi H, Kumar J, Das S, Ismail SB, Hatta MH, Baharuddin N, Ravindran A. Co-Morbid Erectile Dysfunction (ED) and Antidepressant Treatment in a Patient – A Management Challenge? Curr Drug Targets 2018; 20:182-191. [DOI: 10.2174/1389450118666170315110902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Throughout the world, antidepressants (AD) and phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE-5i) are the commonly prescribed psychopharmacological agents for treating patients with co-morbid mental health problem and sexual dysfunction (SD). The serotonergic and noradrenergic ADs, although effective, are not without any SD adverse-effects, especially erectile dysfunction (ED). ED is a failure to obtain a satisfactory erection for rewarding sexual coitus during the phases of male’s sexual arousal. It is recognized as an important reason why non-adherence to treatment was observed in patients who were on AD. AD intervention caused remission to some of the pre- treatment psychopathology of ED. However, in many patients, AD potentially magnified the unwanted sexual sideeffects. This made the situation challenging for the mental health professional. These challenges are based on the complexity of ED, its etiology and the associated risk factors, which further add to its AD side-effect. The neuro-psychopharmacological basis for AD treatment selection was deliberated. Bio-psycho-social interventions are recommended at two pivotal stages. Firstly, a step should be taken for proper assessment (e.g. detailed history, psychosocial and laboratory investigations); and identify few modifiable risk factors for ED and associated mental health issues. Secondly, with guidance of an algorithm pathway, a practical intervention should include strategies such as dose reduction, augmentation or changing to an AD with lesser or no sexual adverse-effects. It is recommended that bupropion and mirtazepine to be prescribed when patients develop adverse sexual effects with serotonin selective reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) and tricyclic antidepressant (TCA). Few suggestions which may be borne in mind are revising sexual scripts and improving sexual techniques, life-style modifications, psychotherapy and other nonpharmacological approaches which may be beneficial to both patients and their partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maszaidi Zainol
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hatta Sidi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jaya Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shaiful Bahari Ismail
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Najwa Baharuddin
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Arun Ravindran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Zhang W, Meng H, Yang S, Luo H, Liu D. Changes in Hypertension-Related Knowledge and Behavior and Their Associations with Socioeconomic Status among Recently Urbanized Residents in China: 2013⁻2016. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15081701. [PMID: 30096907 PMCID: PMC6121690 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15081701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The rapid urbanization in China has brought with it some health benefits, but it also brought about a negative influence on the lifestyle of residents. We conducted this study to assess the change in hypertension-related knowledge and behavior from 2013 to 2016 among recently urbanized residents and determine their association with socioeconomic status (SES). This research used data from two cross-sectional studies conducted in Hezuo community in Chengdu, Sichuan province of China. A total of 2268 and 2601 individuals, respectively, participated and completed standard questionnaires. According to the results, the median (IQR) scores of health knowledge was 1 (0,3) and 3 (1,5), respectively, (p < 0.001) and the median (IQR) scores of health behavior was 6 (5,6) and 5 (5,6), respectively, (p < 0.001) in 2013 and 2016. The rate of sufficient knowledge increased from 8.8% to 18.1% (p < 0.001), while the rate of correct behavior decreased from 54.5% to 45.5% (p < 0.001) in three years. Logistic regression analysis showed that higher education was associated with sufficient hypertension-related knowledge (p < 0.05), and those with higher education, unemployment, and retirement were more likely to have sufficient behavior (p < 0.05). The impact of SES on knowledge was stable between 2013 and 2016. The behavior difference between the middle school educated and the illiterate increased from 2013 to 2016 (p < 0.05), and the behavior difference between the unemployed and manual workers decreased from 2013 to 2016 (p < 0.05). Our results revealed that hypertension-related knowledge improved with no corresponding improvement in self-reported behavior among recently urbanized residents from 2013 to 2016. Organizational strategy should be implemented to improve health education on knowledge, and what is more, translate knowledge into behavior. All these measures should be given more attention to the lower educated and manual workers among recently urbanized residents to eliminate the SES disparity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Health and Social Behavior, School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Hongdao Meng
- School of Aging Studies, College of Behavioral &Community Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| | - Shujuan Yang
- Department of Health and Social Behavior, School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Honglin Luo
- He Zuo Community Health Service Center in Chengdu Hi-Techzone, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Danping Liu
- Department of Health and Social Behavior, School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Factors Affecting the Referral Rate of the Hoarding Disorder at Primary Mental Health Care in Quebec. Community Ment Health J 2018; 54:773-781. [PMID: 29353402 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-018-0234-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Hoarding disorder (HD) places an important burden on people with HD, on their family members and society. In this paper we evaluate help-seeking in HD at primary mental health, measured in referral rate, together with its individual, environmental and structural correlates. We conducted an aggregate study by combining existing official data with our own survey data at the catchment area level. We found a mean annual referral rate of 1.58 (SD = 1.79) cases of HD in primary mental health facilities per 10,000 of adult population. The referrals rate correlated with socio-demographic characteristics of the catchment area, the availability of tools for clinical management of HD, and affiliation to a University Medical school. We also found that: (1) family members, neighbours, municipal workers and health professionals are the primary source of complaints for HD; (2) 72% of primary mental health facilities worked with HD in crisis situations, 52% expressed difficulties in obtaining the consent of people with HD for an intervention (3) health/social services professionals lack HD clinical management tools, training and formal collaboration with municipal (housing, building security, fire prevention) specialists. Improvement of the readiness of the health-system to deal with HD will improve help-seeking for formal medical counselling on the part of people with HD. We can improve this readiness by providing primary mental-health facilities with training, clinical management tools and by helping them to establish formal collaboration with municipalities and community organisations. University medical schools can take a leadership role and become centers catalysing the change in HD clinical management.
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Yang J, Siri JG, Remais JV, Cheng Q, Zhang H, Chan KKY, Sun Z, Zhao Y, Cong N, Li X, Zhang W, Bai Y, Bi J, Cai W, Chan EYY, Chen W, Fan W, Fu H, He J, Huang H, Ji JS, Jia P, Jiang X, Kwan MP, Li T, Li X, Liang S, Liang X, Liang L, Liu Q, Lu Y, Luo Y, Ma X, Schwartländer B, Shen Z, Shi P, Su J, Wu T, Yang C, Yin Y, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Xu B, Gong P. The Tsinghua-Lancet Commission on Healthy Cities in China: unlocking the power of cities for a healthy China. Lancet 2018; 391:2140-2184. [PMID: 29678340 PMCID: PMC7159272 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)30486-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Joint Center for Global Change Studies (JCGCS), Beijing, China; Center for Healthy Cities, Institute for China Sustainable Urbanization, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - José G Siri
- United Nations University International Institute for Global Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Justin V Remais
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Qu Cheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Karen K Y Chan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Cong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyan Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqi Bai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Joint Center for Global Change Studies (JCGCS), Beijing, China; Center for Healthy Cities, Institute for China Sustainable Urbanization, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjia Cai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Joint Center for Global Change Studies (JCGCS), Beijing, China; Center for Healthy Cities, Institute for China Sustainable Urbanization, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Emily Y Y Chan
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wanqing Chen
- National Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, National Central Cancer Registry Cancer Institute/Hospital, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College National Cancer Center, Beijing, China
| | - Weicheng Fan
- Institute of Public Safety Research, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Fu
- Fudan Health Communication Institute, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqing He
- China National Engineering Research Center for Human Settlements, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Institute of Public Safety Research, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - John S Ji
- Environmental Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China; Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Harvard Center Shanghai, Asia-Pacific Research Center, Harvard Business School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peng Jia
- Department of Earth Observation Science, Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | | | - Mei-Po Kwan
- Department of Geography and Geographic Information Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tianhong Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Xiguang Li
- School of Journalism and Communication, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Song Liang
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Liang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Liang
- Center for Healthy Cities, Institute for China Sustainable Urbanization, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Arkansas Forest Resources Center, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Arkansas at Monticello, Monticello, AR, USA
| | - Qiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yongmei Lu
- Department of Geography, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Yong Luo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Joint Center for Global Change Studies (JCGCS), Beijing, China
| | - Xiulian Ma
- Chinese Academy of Governance, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Peijun Shi
- Joint Center for Global Change Studies (JCGCS), Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology/Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Su
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Tinghai Wu
- School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Changhong Yang
- Institute for Public Health Information, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongyuan Yin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Joint Center for Global Change Studies (JCGCS), Beijing, China
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Bureau of Disease Prevention and Control, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Joint Center for Global Change Studies (JCGCS), Beijing, China; Center for Healthy Cities, Institute for China Sustainable Urbanization, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Peng Gong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Joint Center for Global Change Studies (JCGCS), Beijing, China; Center for Healthy Cities, Institute for China Sustainable Urbanization, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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30
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Liu Q, Cai H, Yang LH, Xiang YB, Yang G, Li H, Gao YT, Zheng W, Susser E, Shu XO. Depressive symptoms and their association with social determinants and chronic diseases in middle-aged and elderly Chinese people. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3841. [PMID: 29497126 PMCID: PMC5832867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22175-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is one of the most prevalent mental disorders worldwide. Little information is available regarding association of depressive symptoms (DS) with cancer and chronic diseases among middle-aged and elderly Chinese in a population-based setting. In this study we evaluated the prevalence and examined correlates of DS in two population-based cohort studies. Included in the analyses were 103,595 people with a mean age of 61.8 years at the DS assessment. The prevalence of DS was 2.4% in men and 5.6% in women. We found elderly participants, those with lower BMI, or chronic diseases were more likely to experience DS. Having a history of stroke (odds ratio (OR) = 2.2 in men and 1.8 in women), cancer (OR = 3.3 in men and 1.9 in women), or Parkinson's disease (OR = 3.1 in men and 2.7 in women) was associated with high DS. In women, high income and high education levels were inversely related to DS. Being a single woman, long-term or heavy female smoker was associated with high prevalence of DS. High BMI was correlated with low prevalence of depression in men. Our data suggests a low prevalence of DS among middle-aged and elderly people in Shanghai, China. Age, education, income, marital status, smoking, BMI, and certain health conditions were associated with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaolan Liu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States.
| | - Lawrence H Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Gong Yang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Honglan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ezra Susser
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
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What factors may contribute to sex differences in childhood obesity prevalence in China? Public Health Nutr 2018; 21:2056-2064. [PMID: 29478427 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980018000290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies in China showed large sex differences in childhood overweight and obesity (OW/OB) rates. However, limited research has examined the cause of these sex differences. The present study aimed to examine individual and parental/familial factors associated with sex differences in childhood OW/OB rates in China. DESIGN Variables associated with child weight status, beliefs and behaviours, and obesity-related parenting practices were selected to examine their sex differences and association with a sex difference in child OW/OB outcomes using logistic regression analysis. SETTING Cross-sectional data analysis using the 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey. SUBJECTS Children aged 6-17 years (n 1544) and their parents. RESULTS Overall child OW/OB prevalence was 16·8 %. Adolescent boys (AB; 12-17 years) were about twice as likely to be overweight/obese as adolescent girls (AG; 15·5 v. 8·4 %, P<0·05). AB more likely had energy intake exceeding recommendations, self-perceived underweight, underestimated their body weight and were satisfied with their physical activity level than AG. AG more likely practised weight-loss management through diet and self-perceived overweight than AB. Mothers more likely identified AG's weight accurately but underestimated AB's weight. Stronger associations with risk of childhood OW/OB were found in boys than girls in dieting to lose weight (OR=6·7 in boys v. 2·6 in girls) and combined maternal and child perception of the child's overweight (OR=35·4 in boys v. 14·2 in girls). CONCLUSIONS Large sex differences in childhood obesity may be related to the sex disparities in weight-related beliefs and behaviours among children and their parents in China.
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Qiu P, Caine ED, Hou F, Cerulli C, Wittink MN. Depression as seen through the eyes of rural Chinese women: Implications for help-seeking and the future of mental health care in China. J Affect Disord 2018; 227:38-47. [PMID: 29053974 PMCID: PMC5805647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As part of a larger epidemiological study of depression among rural Chinese women, we sought to understand their explanatory models of depression. We explored how participants describe depression, to what cause they attribute depression, and what sources of treatment they would recommend. METHODS Participants first were assessed with the Center for Epidemiological-Depression scale (CES-D), with a cut-point of 16 or greater indicative of depression. The Short Explanatory Model Interview (SEMI), a semi-structured questionnaire, was our primary tool for exploring participants' explanatory models relating to a vignette describing a rural Chinese woman with depression. RESULTS Among the 416 women who consented and completed the SEMI, 277(66.6%) reported that the woman in the vignette had something wrong with her health. Among these, only 8(2.9%) women provided a specific psychiatric name for the condition, while 150(54.2%) provided non-specific psychiatric disease names or affective symptoms, and 78(28.2%)of the sample provided physical disease names. Participants attributed causes largely to internal factors (41.5%) or external factors (36.8%). In terms of help-seeking, 101(36.4%) said the woman in the vignette should see a doctor, 70(25.3%) indicated that she should solve the problem herself, and 42(15.2%) recommended seeking support from family members and friends. We did not find any differences in recognition, causal attribution, and help-seeking suggestions between women with a CES-D ≥ 16 and those with CES-D < 16. LIMITATIONS The use of a vignette to prompt discussion was not the same as talking about real-life personal situations. CONCLUSION Our results point to potential challenges and opportunities that lay ahead as China develops mental health services in its vast rural areas among women who may be at risk for developing depression. We found that our participants often attributed their symptoms to internal or external social causes, and preferred not speaking with family members and friends. Our findings suggest that rural Chinese women may be reticent to recognize or describe categorical concepts such as "depression" as a health problem, and they invite further consideration about how best to develop new health services in China's rural regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyuan Qiu
- West China School of Public Health, Scihuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Eric D Caine
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of American
| | - Fengsu Hou
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of American,School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Institute of State Governance, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Catherine Cerulli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of American
| | - Marsha N. Wittink
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of American
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Gao B, Yang S, Liu X, Ren X, Liu D, Li N. Association between social capital and quality of life among urban residents in less developed cities of western China: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e9656. [PMID: 29369182 PMCID: PMC5794366 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
China has experienced rapid urbanization over the past several decades. Social capital is considered a vital human resource, and quality of life (QoL) is an important measure of human health embedded in a physical, mental, and social context. No studies have reported on the association between social capital and QoL in Chinese urban residents. We performed a cross-sectional study to investigate social capital in urban community residents of West China, and its relationship with QoL.Our study was carried out between June and July of 2015. A total of 1136 households were surveyed. The Chinese-translated version of the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) and social capital questionnaire were used to evaluate people's QoL and social capital. Associations between QoL and social capital were evaluated by 3 logistic regression analyses.A total of 1136 adult participants aged 18 years and older completed the questionnaire. Young residents were more likely to have lower second (SC2), third (SC3), and fourth (SC4) dimensions of social capital. Migrants and residents with higher education levels and high incomes showed lower SC1 and SC2 relative to other participants, and employed residents had relatively low SC1. Unmarried residents had lower SC2 and SC3. Without adjustment for potential confounding factors, participants with higher SC2 had higher average scores for mental components (MCS) of QoL [odds ratio (OR) = 1.48, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.09-2.02], and the same was seen for SC3 (OR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.24-2.34). After adjusting for socioeconomic status (SES) and risk factors, SC2 and SC3 were still significantly associated with MCS. Social capital was not significantly associated with physical components of QoL in any of the 3 logistic regression models.In conclusion, social capital is related to MCS of QoL, and increasing it may be an effective way to promote health.
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Penger M, Strobl R, Grill E. Country-specific and individual determinants of dizziness in Europe: results from the Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Public Health 2017; 149:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Cheng Y, Zhang L, Wang F, Zhang P, Ye B, Liang Y. The effects of family structure and function on mental health during China's transition: a cross-sectional analysis. BMC FAMILY PRACTICE 2017; 18:59. [PMID: 28476107 PMCID: PMC5420133 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-017-0630-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social change, intensified by industrialization and globalization, has not only changed people's work lives but also their personal lives, especially in developing countries. The aim of this study was to provide evidence and recommendations regarding family structure, function, and mental health to actively respond to rapid social change. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted face-to-face and door-to-door from July 2011 to September 2012 in Hubei Province, central China. Family structure comprised alone, couple, nuclear family, and extended family; family function was measured using the family APGAR (Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve) scale, and mental health was measured using the Chinese version of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). RESULTS The urban-vs-rural difference of family structure among alone, couple, nuclear family, and extended family was statistically significant (5.21% vs 4.62%; 27.36% vs 13.14%; 33.22% vs 27.74%; 34.20% vs 54.50%, respectively; p < 0.0001); and those difference of family function was not statistically significant (8.11 ± 2.13 vs 8.09 ± 2.27, p = 0.9372). The general linear regression showed that the effect of family structure on mental health, whether urban or rural, was not significant, however, the effect of family function was significant, especially regarding better family functioning with better mental health. CONCLUSIONS Combined the effects of family structure and function on mental health, the external form of family (family structure) may not be important; while the internal quality of role (family function) might be key. Improving the residents' family function would be a priority strategy for family practice with their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Cheng
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liuyi Zhang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Beizhu Ye
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Liang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Hassanzadeh J, Asadi-Lari M, Ghaem H, Kassani A, Niazi M, Menati R. The Association of Poor Mental Health Status and Sociocultural Factors in Men: A Population-Based Study in Tehran, Iran. Am J Mens Health 2016; 12:96-103. [PMID: 26883076 DOI: 10.1177/1557988316630720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental ill-health has increased among Iranian men in the recent years. Mental health is complexly determined by sociocultural, psychological, demographic characteristics, and some health-risk behaviors such as smoking. This study aimed to explore the association(s) between demographic factors, smoking status, social capital, and poor mental health status in a sample of Iranian men. The data were derived from a survey titled "Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool-2" in Tehran, Iran ( n = 11,064). A multistage sampling method was applied in the study. The General Health Questionnaire-28 was used to assess poor mental health status (range = 0-84, scores higher than 23 indicated poor mental health status). The data were analyzed using t test, chi-square test, and multivariate logistic regression. The means of age and family size were 47.14 ± 17.26 years (range = 20-91) and 3.54 ± 1.32 individuals (range = 1-15), respectively. The majority of the participants were employed (57%, n = 6,361). The prevalence of poor mental health was 36.36%, 95% confidence interval (CI) [35.46, 37.26]. The components of social capital were positively associated with poor mental health status. Family size (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.93; 95% CI [0.90, 0.96]), job status (unemployed vs. employed, AOR = 1.34; 95% CI [1.16, 1.55]), marital status (widowed and divorced vs. single, AOR = 1.09; 95% CI [1.02, 1.17]), education level (illiterate vs. academic, AOR = 1.18; 95% CI [1.09, 1.29]), and smoking status (smokers vs. nonsmokers, AOR = 1.46; 95% CI [1.31, 1.62]) were directly associated with poor mental health status in the logistic regression model. These results suggest that social capital could be an important approach for men to attain suitable mental health and reduce mental disorders. The high prevalence of poor mental health in men merits more attention in mental health policy and program planning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haleh Ghaem
- 1 Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aziz Kassani
- 1 Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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