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Hernandez I, Söderström M, Rudman A, Dahlgren A. Under pressure - Nursing staff's perspectives on working hours and recovery during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING STUDIES ADVANCES 2024; 7:100225. [PMID: 39139601 PMCID: PMC11321373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnsa.2024.100225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic contributed to increased pressure on healthcare systems. During periods when the demands exceed the capacity of healthcare organizations, adaptive strategies are used to meet these demands. During the COVID-19 pandemic, working hours for nursing staff were reorganized and extended. This has posed challenges for recovery, which may be a key factor for maintaining health and safety under such conditions. Objectives The aim of the study was to bring insights into how nursing staff perceived their working hours and recovery during the COVID-19 pandemic, and if they experienced any changes in their sleep and well-being. Design A qualitative descriptive design was chosen, as it is suitable for gaining insight into perceptions and experiences. Methods Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted using an interview guide. The interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. Sixteen registered nurses and six certified nursing assistants from four Swedish hospitals participated in the study. Results The organization of working hours during the COVID-19 pandemic was considered suboptimal and resulted in more demanding working hours and poor recovery. Nursing staff experienced loss of control as they lost influence over working hours, working hours became more unpredictable and the boundaries between work and leisure became blurred. Nursing staff also experienced a decline in their health and well-being, including extreme fatigue, impaired sleep and physical/mental changes. Conclusion The strategies used by healthcare organizations to meet increasing demands during the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to impaired recovery and well-being of nursing staff, which could generate negative feedback loops contributing to depletion of resources at the organizational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Hernandez
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Marie Söderström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ann Rudman
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- School of Health and Welfare, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
| | - Anna Dahlgren
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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Restrepo A, Smith KE, Silver EM, Norman G. Ambiguity potentiates effects of loneliness on feelings of rejection. Cogn Emot 2024:1-11. [PMID: 39093061 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2385006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
For social species, having strong and high-quality social relationships is an important safety cue. Loneliness occurs when an individual perceives they have insufficient relationships resulting in feelings of lack of safety. States of perceived unsafety are linked to an increased tendency to construe ambiguous information - information lacking a unique clear interpretation - as threatening. Here, we explore whether the ambiguity of social cues of interpersonal rejection moderates effects of loneliness on feelings of rejection while undergoing social exclusion. Data were collected in 2021; 144 adults completed a progressive social exclusion paradigm where they were randomly assigned to be equally included, excluded, or over-included. Social exclusion/inclusion cues became more pronounced over the course of multiple rounds of a ball-tossing game (Cyberball) resulting in a scenario where ambiguity was highest in earlier rounds and decreased over time. Participants reported feelings of loneliness prior to the task and feelings of rejection throughout the task. Results demonstrated that higher loneliness predicted increased feelings of rejection regardless of exclusion condition. Notably, this positive relationship was strongest during earlier rounds when social cues were most ambiguous. These findings contribute to our understanding of how loneliness modulates social perception to enable organisms to adequately adapt to changing circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Restrepo
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karen E Smith
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Emily M Silver
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Greg Norman
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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3
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Pourmand V, Akinyemi AA, Galeana BL, Watanabe DK, Hill LK, Wiley CR, Brosschot JF, Thayer JF, Williams DP. Multi-ethnic variation in the ties that bind rumination and heart rate variability: Implications for health disparities. Stress Health 2024; 40:e3365. [PMID: 38206127 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Higher self-reported rumination, a common form of trait perseverative cognition, is linked with lower resting heart rate variability (HRV), which indicates poorer cardiac function and greater disease risk. A meta-analysis and systematic review indicated that in samples with fewer European Americans, the association of rumination with both heart rate and blood pressure was stronger. Thus, trait rumination may be more strongly associated with resting HRV among ethnically minoritized populations. The current study investigated whether differences in the association of self-reported rumination with resting HRV varied by ethnicity in a sample (N = 513; Mage = 19.41; 226 Women) of self-identified African Americans (n = 110), Asian Americans (n = 84), and European Americans (n = 319). Participants completed a five-minute baseline period to assess resting HRV, followed by the Ruminative Responses Scale, which contains three facets of rumination including brooding, depressive, and reflective rumination. On average, Asian Americans reported higher levels of rumination relative to European Americans. African Americans had higher resting HRV than Asian Americans. Adjusting for covariates, higher self-reported rumination was significantly associated with lower resting HRV in both African and Asian Americans, but not significantly so in European Americans. This finding was consistent for brooding and reflective, but not depressive rumination. Overall, this study lends insight into a psychological mechanism-rumination-that may impact health disparities among ethnically minoritized individuals, contributing to an understanding of how stress gets under the skin among such minoritized populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Pourmand
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Adebisi A Akinyemi
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Beatriz Lopez Galeana
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | | | - LaBarron K Hill
- Deparment of Psychology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Cameron R Wiley
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | | | - Julian F Thayer
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - DeWayne P Williams
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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Bucaktepe PGE, Akgül F, Çelİk SB. Evaluation of the effects of pandemic-related fears on anxiety and depression: the mediating roles of traumatic stress and loneliness. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:388. [PMID: 38997784 PMCID: PMC11241983 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01880-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The detrimental mental health effects which emerged from COVID-19 have profoundly affected healthcare workers (HCWs) worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating effects of traumatic stress and loneliness on the fears of contracting and dying from COVID-19, and anxiety and depression of HCWs during the pandemic. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey was completed by HCWs in a province of Turkey. The Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, Impact of Events Scale-Revised and numerical rating scales (for fears of COVID-19 and loneliness) were used and a bootstrap approach was used in the analyses with SPSS PROCESS macro software. RESULTS Of the HCWs evaluated, 150 (34.4%) were doctors, with a mean duration of work experience of 10.6 ± 7.5 years. The results indicated that fear of contracting COVID-19 was directly related to anxiety (β = 0.244, p < 0.001) and depression (β = 0.135, p < 0.01) and that traumatic stress and loneliness mediated the relationships between the fear of contracting COVID-19 and anxiety (β = 0.435, p < 0.001; β = 0.235, p < 0.001, respectively) and depression (β = 0.365, p < 0.001; β = 0.294, p < 0.001, respectively). The fear of dying from COVID-19 was determined to be directly associated with anxiety (β = 0.190, p < 0.001) but not with depression (β = 0.066, p = 0.116), and traumatic stress and loneliness mediated the relationships between the fear of dying from COVID-19 and anxiety (β = 0.476, p < 0.001; β = 0.259, p < 0.001, respectively) and depression (β = 0.400, p < 0.001; β = 0.311, p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The study results demonstrated the important roles of traumatic stress and loneliness in exacerbating the negative consequences of fears of COVID-19 on anxiety and depression, and provide insights for identifying HCWs at greater risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fethiye Akgül
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Batman Training and Research Hospital, Batman, Turkey
| | - Sercan Bulut Çelİk
- Batman GAP Family Health Center, Provincial Health Directorate, Batman, Turkey
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Fleury J, Komnenich P, Coon DW, Pituch K. Feasibility of the Remembering Warmth and Safeness Intervention in older ADRD caregivers. Geriatr Nurs 2024; 59:40-47. [PMID: 38986428 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of older adults in the U.S. living with ADRD is projected to increase dramatically by 2060. As older adults increasingly assume informal caregiving responsibilities, community-based intervention to sustain caregiver well-being is a dementia research priority. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility of the RWSI among older ADRD caregivers. The RWSI is informed by the Neurovisceral Integration Model, in which memories that engage safety signals cultivate feelings of safety and well-being. METHODS A within-subjects pre/post-intervention design with older ADRD caregivers to evaluate feasibility (acceptability, demand, fidelity) and empirical promise (well-being). RESULTS The feasibility of the RWSI, implemented with fidelity, was strongly endorsed, as participants attended each intervention session, after which reported experiencing feelings of warmth and safeness, and provided the highest possible acceptability ratings. Participant narratives provided corroboration. DISCUSSION Findings support the feasibility of the RWSI in older ADRD caregivers, providing the basis for continued research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Fleury
- Hanner Memorial Endowed Professor, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Center for Innovation in Healthy and Resilient Aging, Arizona State University, United States.
| | - Pauline Komnenich
- Professor, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Center for Innovation in Healthy and Resilient Aging, Arizona State University, United States
| | - David W Coon
- Professor, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Center for Innovation in Healthy and Resilient Aging, Arizona State University, United States
| | - Keenan Pituch
- Professor, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Center for Innovation in Healthy and Resilient Aging, Arizona State University, United States
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Mei Y, Becker B, Leppänen PHT, Lei Y. Exploring the 'black box' of anxiety: An ERP study of non-consciously triggered fear generalization. Behav Res Ther 2024; 178:104552. [PMID: 38718631 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Individuals with anxiety disorders frequently display heightened fear responses, even in situations where there is no imminent danger. We hypothesize that these irrational fear responses are related to automatic processing of fear generalization. The initial automatic detection of stimuli often operates at a non-conscious level. However, whether fear generalization can occur when the cues are not perceived consciously remains unclear. The current study investigated the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying fear conditioning and its non-conscious and conscious generalization using a backward masking paradigm, combined with analysis of event-related potentials from electroencephalographic recordings. Behaviorally, participants showed heightened shock expectancy in response to non-conscious perceived generalization stimuli compared to those perceived consciously. Nonetheless, participants could not consciously distinguish between danger and safe cues in non-conscious trials. Physiologically, danger cues evoked larger frontal N1 amplitudes than safety cues in non-conscious trials, suggesting enhanced attention vigilance towards danger cues in the early sensory processing stage. Meanwhile, when fear generalization was conscious, it was accompanied by a larger P2 amplitude, indicating attention orientation or stimulus evaluation. In addition, fear conditioning was associated with sustained discrimination on P2, P3, and LPP. These findings collectively suggest that non-conscious fear generalization occurs at the neural level, yet additional control conditions are required to confirm this phenomenon on the US expectancy. Thus, non-consciously fear generalization may represent a mechanism that could trigger automatic irrational fear, highlighting the need for further research to explore therapeutic targets in anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Mei
- Institute for Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, 610066, China; Centre of Excellence for Learning Dynamics and Intervention Research, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Benjamin Becker
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paavo H T Leppänen
- Centre of Excellence for Learning Dynamics and Intervention Research, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Yi Lei
- Institute for Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, 610066, China.
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7
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Gerpheide K, Unterschemmann SL, Panitz C, Bierwirth P, Gross JJ, Mueller EM. Unpredictable threat increases early event-related potential amplitudes and cardiac acceleration: A brain-heart coupling study. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14563. [PMID: 38467585 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
In the face of unpredictable threat, rapid processing of external events and behavioral mobilization through early psychophysiological responses are crucial for survival. While unpredictable threat generally enhances early processing, it would seem adaptive to particularly increase sensitivity for unexpected events as they may signal danger. To examine this possibility, n = 77 participants performed an auditory oddball paradigm and received unpredictable shocks in threat but not in safe contexts while a stream of frequent (standard) and infrequent (deviant) tones was presented. We assessed event-related potentials (ERP), heart period (HP), and time-lagged within-subject correlations of single-trial EEG and HP (cardio-EEG covariance tracing, CECT) time-locked to the tones. N1 and P2 ERP amplitudes were generally enhanced under threat. The P3 amplitude was enhanced to deviants versus standards and this effect was reduced in the threat condition. Regarding HP, both threat versus safe and unexpected versus expected tones led to stronger cardiac acceleration, suggesting separate effects of threat and stimulus expectancy on HP. Finally, CECTs revealed two correlation clusters, indicating that single-trial EEG magnitudes in the N1/P2 and P3 time-windows predicted subsequent cardiac acceleration. The current results show that an unpredictable threat context enhances N1 and P2 amplitudes and cardiac acceleration to benign auditory stimuli. They further suggest separable cortical correlates of different effects on cardiac activity: an early N1/P2 correlate associated with threat-effects on HP and a later P3 correlate associated with expectedness-effects. Finally, the results indicate that unpredictable threat attenuates rather than enhances the processing of unexpected benign events during the P3 latency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Gerpheide
- Department of Psychology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Christian Panitz
- Department of Psychology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - James J Gross
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Erik M Mueller
- Department of Psychology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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8
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Li R, Shi C, Yang W, Liu X, Ren Z. Network Analysis of Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Sexual Minority Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Intra-Group Perspective. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38833635 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2024.2359950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of depression among sexual minority women is a significant concern, yet no prior research has conducted a network analysis of depressive symptoms in this population. This is the first study to address this gap by examining the network structure of depressive symptoms in Chinese sexual minority women during the COVID-19 pandemic, considering both sexual orientation and gender expression as part of an intra-group perspective. 1420 Chinese sexual minority women completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depressive Symptoms (CES-D). Network analysis was employed to calculate edge and centrality measures, and the network structures of lesbians and bisexual women were compared based on sexual orientation and of femme, androgyny, and butch based on gender expression. Network analysis revealed that the core depressive symptoms of Chinese sexual minority women are "Felt depressed," "Fatigue," "Sad," and "Failure." Although no significant differences were found in the network structure and global strength of depressive symptoms between different sexual orientations and gender expressions, there were significant differences in the core symptoms. This study suggests the unique associations between depressive symptoms and social and historical contexts among sexual minority women and emphasizes the importance of considering these differences when providing targeted mental health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent CyberPsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Congrong Shi
- School of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Wanyi Yang
- School of Education, Nanchong Vocational College of Science and Technology, Nanchong, China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent CyberPsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent CyberPsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
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Madison AA, Wilson SJ, Shrout MR, Malarkey WB, Kiecolt-Glaser JK. Intimate Partner Violence and Inflammaging: Conflict Tactics Predict Inflammation Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults. Psychosom Med 2024; 86:379-386. [PMID: 37549198 PMCID: PMC10847383 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In long-term relationships, conflict is inevitable, but physical and psychological aggression is not. Intimate partner violence is a known risk factor for age-related disease onset, and inflammation likely links the two. This study explores relationships between frequency of constructive (i.e., negotiation) and destructive (i.e., aggression) conflict tactics with inflammation in both younger and older adulthood. Based on the theory of inflammaging, the study investigates whether these associations were stronger in mid-to-late adulthood. METHODS At one visit, 214 participants in long-term romantic relationships had their blood drawn to assess six inflammatory markers (interleukin-6 [IL-6], tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α], C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A (SAA), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule) and reported frequency of destructive and constructive conflict tactics with their partner in the past year on the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale short form. RESULTS Age interacted with number of destructive conflicts per year to predict serum IL-6 ( F (1,200) = 5.3, p = .022), TNF-α ( F (1,180) = 4.2, p = .043), sICAM ( F (1,193) = 7.0, p = .008), and marginally SAA ( F (1,199) = 3.7, p = .055), such that middle-aged and older adults who reported more destructive tactics had higher inflammation. Also, the relationship between constructive conflict frequency and TNF-α also depended on age ( F (1,177) = 4.9, p = .029), in that older adults who reported a greater number of constructive tactics had lower TNF-α. CONCLUSION Couples' conflict tactics may influence levels of inflammation and therefore aging rate in mid-to-late life. Middle-aged and older adults may disproportionately benefit from a healthy partnership and suffer from an unhealthy partnership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelise A. Madison
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University
| | | | | | - William B. Malarkey
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine
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10
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Laustsen LM, Christiansen J, Maindal HT, Plana-Ripoll O, Lasgaard M. The longitudinal relation between loneliness and perceived stress: A structural equation modelling analysis of 10,159 individuals. Scand J Public Health 2024; 52:410-418. [PMID: 36794680 DOI: 10.1177/14034948231151716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Prolonged loneliness and severe stress are increasingly recognised as public health concerns and considered risk factors for mental disorders, somatic illnesses and mortality. Loneliness and perceived stress also often co-occur; however, their longitudinal relation remains unclear. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study aiming to investigate the longitudinal relation between loneliness and perceived stress independently of cross-sectional associations and time effects. METHODS Designed as a population-based cohort study with repeated measurements, the present study included individuals aged 16-80 years at baseline who participated in the Danish National Health Survey ('How are you?') in 2013 and 2017 (N = 10,159; response rate = 50%). Structural equation modelling was used to examine associations between loneliness and perceived stress in the total sample and across age groups (i.e., 16-29, 30-64 and 65-80 years). RESULTS The models indicated bidirectional relations between loneliness and perceived stress. The standardized cross-lagged path from loneliness to perceived stress (β: 0.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.08, 0.16), p < 0.001) and from perceived stress to loneliness (β: 0.12, 95% CI (0.07, 0.16), p < 0.001) both corresponded to small effect sizes in the total sample. Additionally, the results indicated strong cross-sectional associations, especially among adolescents and young adults (16-29 years), and high temporal stability, especially among the elderly (65-80 years). CONCLUSIONS Loneliness and perceived stress mutually predict each other over time. The finding of both substantial bidirectional and cross-sectional associations demonstrates an interdependence between loneliness and perceived stress that may be relevant to consider in future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisbeth M Laustsen
- DEFACTUM - Public Health and Health Service Research, Central Denmark Region, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Julie Christiansen
- DEFACTUM - Public Health and Health Service Research, Central Denmark Region, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Helle T Maindal
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Denmark
- Health Promotion, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oleguer Plana-Ripoll
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Mathias Lasgaard
- DEFACTUM - Public Health and Health Service Research, Central Denmark Region, Denmark
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11
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Gao Y, Fan M, Li Y, Zhao S, Chen W, Zhang D, Zheng X. Contingency Reversal in Conditioned Fear Learning: The Moderated Mediation Model of Intolerance of Uncertainty and Instruction. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:1007-1020. [PMID: 38500554 PMCID: PMC10945213 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s447426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The study aimed to examine the roles of anxiety and intolerance of uncertainty (IU) in conditioned fear learning under an uncertain context induced by the contingency reversal of the association between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus (CS-US). Methods The study sample comprised 53 participants, randomly divided into two groups: a non-instruction group and an instruction group. The experimental procedure encompassed five stages: pre-acquisition, acquisition, generalization, reversal acquisition, and reversal generalization. Our study primarily focused on analyzing a moderated mediation model. Results In the instructed group, we observed that the reversed fear generalization response was directly influenced by the pre-reversal fear generalization response, while also being indirectly mediated by the IU factor. However, in the non-instructed group, we did not find a significant mediating effect of IU. Moreover, we noted that the mediation of IU was contingent on the instructional information. It is noteworthy that anxiety did not exhibit a discernible role in conditioned fear within the uncertainty condition in our study. Conclusion The findings provide novel insights into fear-related phenomena, emphasizing the intricate interplay between individual traits and fear generalization under conditions of uncertainty. They contribute to understanding the mechanisms of emotional and cognitive interactions in uncertain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510663, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Fan
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510663, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Li
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510663, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaochen Zhao
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Policing Model Innovation Research Center, China People’s Police University, Guangzhou, 510663, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510663, People’s Republic of China
| | - Donghuan Zhang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510663, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xifu Zheng
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510663, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition, and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510663, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Marmuse A, Billaud JB, Jacob S, Vigier C, Ramdani C, Trousselard M. 'Hidden' anger as a risk factor for operational health: An exploratory approach among French military personnel. MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38436979 DOI: 10.1080/08995605.2024.2324645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Military personnel are repeatedly exposed to multiple stressors, and are sometimes characterized by high levels of anger. Evidence suggests that this anger can become dysfunctional, and impact the health status of populations chronically exposed to stress. In particular, rumination (understood as perseverative thoughts about a past event), provides a theoretical framework for investigating how anger may impact stress regulation abilities in military personnel declared fit for deployment. This exploratory study aimed therefore to examine the impact of the anger profile on psychological suffering in terms of burnout and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), along with the reactivity of the autonomic nervous system, measured as cardiac variability. One hundred and seventeen French soldiers were tested before deployment to Operation BARKHANE. Anger rumination, burnout, and PTSD symptoms were assessed using questionnaires, and cardiac variability was measured as the questionnaires were completed. The results revealed two profiles related to anger trait and anger rumination. Burnout and PTSD scores were higher among military personnel with high levels of anger trait and rumination, and this group also had lower parasympathetic activity and flexibility after completing the questionnaires. These results suggest that there may be a link between an angry profile and psychological suffering, notably burnout and PTSD. Rumination could be involved in this link, as it is associated with poor adaptation to stress in a military context. Prospective researches including post-deployment will establish whether this ruminative response can account for the relationship between problematic anger, stress regulatory capacities and psychological health in military populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Marmuse
- 9th Army Medical Center, Army Health Service, Draguignan, France
- INSPIIRE, University of Lorraine, Metz Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Billaud
- Stress Neurophysiology Unit, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Sandrine Jacob
- Stress Neurophysiology Unit, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Cécile Vigier
- Stress Neurophysiology Unit, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Céline Ramdani
- Stress Neurophysiology Unit, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Marion Trousselard
- INSPIIRE, University of Lorraine, Metz Cedex, France
- Stress Neurophysiology Unit, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
- French Military Health Service Academy, Paris, France
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13
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Moreira MDF, Gamboa OL, Oliveira MAP. Mindfulness intervention effect on endometriosis-related pain dimensions and its mediator role on stress and vitality: a path analysis approach. Arch Womens Ment Health 2024; 27:45-55. [PMID: 37848766 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-023-01381-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis-related pain is supposedly mainly responsible for generating psychological stress and deteriorating the quality of life. However, the interaction between these factors has not been investigated, considering its multidimensional nature and through the path of effects of psychosocial approaches. The present study aims to investigate the effect of a brief mindfulness-based intervention (bMBI) on pain dimensions and its mediator role on psychological stress and QoL-Vitality improvement. A secondary analysis of a pilot randomized controlled trial using a series of parallel and serial mediators was carried out. The results showed that bMBI improves the sensory (B = -6.09 [-9.81, -2.52], β = -0.42) and affective (B = -3.40 [-5.02, -1.80], β = -0.47) pain. The bMBI effect on psychological stress reduction was mediated by these changes in sensory (B = -2.81 [-6.06, -0.41], β = -0.21) and affective (B = -1.97 [-5.07, -0.17], β = -0.15) pain. Serial sensory pain and psychological stress reduction (B = 2.27 [0.11, 5.81], β = -0.09) mediated the bMBI effect on quality of life vitality. Meditation training promotes additional improvement in affective and sensory pain characteristics through which psychological stress is reduced. The sensory pain dimension must be positively impacted in combination with psychological stress for the bMBI improves women's vitality. Adding a psychosocial intervention like meditation training to the standard treatment plan may be required for some women to achieve the needed changes to restore well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo de França Moreira
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 77, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil.
| | - Olga Lucia Gamboa
- EQness, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychology, A19 - Griffith Taylor Building, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Marco Aurelio Pinho Oliveira
- Department of Gynecology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 77, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil
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14
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Schwerdtfeger AR, Rominger C. The cardiac correlates of feeling safe in everyday life: A Bayesian replication study. Int J Psychophysiol 2024; 196:112277. [PMID: 38065411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2023.112277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feeling safe and secure has been proposed to dampen autonomic arousal and buffer threat responses. In a previous study, we could show that momentary ratings of subjective safety were associated with elevated heart rate variability (specifically, root mean square of successive differences; RMSSD) and lower heart rate in everyday life, thus suggesting a health-protective role of feeling safe. METHODS This study aimed to replicate this effect in a sample of N = 79 adults, applying Bayesian statistics with prior effects of the original study. RESULTS Using an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) across three days we could replicate the effect of lower heart rate and higher RMSSD in moments when participants felt more safe. In accordance with the original study, we could also show that the effect on heart rate were independent of RMSSD, thus suggesting a contribution of sympathetic activity to this effect. CONCLUSION The findings confirm the connection between momentary feelings of safety and cardiac regulation, thus substantiating research on the health-protective role of psychological safety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Rominger
- Institute of Psychology, Universitaetsplatz 2/III, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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15
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Sadeghpoor F, Ranjbar E, Esmaeilinasab M, Valiloo MHS, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ. Streets and Stress: A Pilot Study on How Quality and Design of Streets Impacts on Urban Stress. HERD-HEALTH ENVIRONMENTS RESEARCH & DESIGN JOURNAL 2024; 17:224-248. [PMID: 37749986 PMCID: PMC10704892 DOI: 10.1177/19375867231200584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify how quality and design of streets impacts urban stress. BACKGROUND Few studies have comprehensively addressed environmental factors affecting stress in urban public spaces. However, a remarkable portion of our everyday life is spent in public spaces, particularly streets. METHOD This study seeks to evaluate the effect of three types of streets as major public spaces on stress. These include a street with the dominance of green spaces (A), a motorist-oriented street (B), and a pedestrian street (C). For this purpose, we selected a group of participants (n = 16) aged 20-30, with an equal number of men and women who were generally healthy and had normal stress levels. Participants were asked to wear an electroencephalogram (EEG) headset, walk different streets, and answer the Perceived Restorativeness Scale (PRS) and urban design qualities questionnaires. RESULTS According to the results, participants experienced the highest stress in street type B and the lowest in type A. CONCLUSIONS Green space and vegetation, a sense of security, privacy and coziness, climatic comfort, and safety of space had the most positive effect on stress reduction. Whereas noise pollution, vehicle traffic, and crowdedness were the most critical factors of stress. Finally, our findings suggest that the component of green space has a more significant effect on stress reduction compared with the elimination of vehicle traffic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ehsan Ranjbar
- Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Architecture, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
- Arsan Research Group, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Aslanidou A, Andreatta M, Wong AHK, Wieser MJ. No influence of threat uncertainty on fear generalization. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14423. [PMID: 37623276 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Fear overgeneralization and perceived uncertainty about future outcomes have been suggested as risk factors for clinical anxiety. However, little is known regarding how they influence each other. In this study, we investigated whether different levels of threat uncertainty influence fear generalization. Three groups of healthy participants underwent a differential fear conditioning protocol followed by a generalization test. All groups learned to associate one female face (conditioned stimulus, CS+) with a female scream (unconditioned stimulus, US), whereas the other face (CS-) was not associated with the scream. In order to manipulate threat uncertainty, one group (low uncertainty, n = 26) received 80%, the second group (moderate uncertainty, n = 32) received 60%, and the third group (high uncertainty, n = 30) 40% CS-US contingency. In the generalization test, all groups saw CS+ and CS- again along with four morphs resembling the CSs in steps of 20%. Subjective (expectancy, valence, and arousal ratings), psychophysiological (skin conductance response, SCR), and visuocortical (steady-state visual evoked potentials, ssVEPs) indices of fear were registered. Participants expected the US according to their reinforcement schedules and the discriminative responses to CS+/CS- increased with more uncertainty in skin conductance. However, acquisition of conditioned fear was not evident in ssVEPs. During the generalization test, we found no effect of threat uncertainty in any of the measured variables, but the strength of generalization for threat expectancy ratings was positively correlated with dispositional intolerance of uncertainty. This study suggests that mere threat uncertainty does not modulate fear generalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asimina Aslanidou
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Andreatta
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alex H K Wong
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias J Wieser
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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17
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Bey GS, Pike JR, Palta P. Distinct moderating pathways for psychosocial risk and resilience in the association of neighborhood disadvantage with incident heart failure among Black persons. SSM Popul Health 2023; 24:101475. [PMID: 37736261 PMCID: PMC10509709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess whether psychosocial factors moderate the associations between neighborhood disadvantage and incident heart failure (HF). Methods Among 1448 Non-Hispanic (NH) Black persons dually enrolled in two community-based cohorts in Jackson, Mississippi who were free of HF as of January 1, 2000, 336 HF events classified by reviewer panel accrued through December 31, 2017. Multilevel, multivariable Cox regression models were used to examine whether optimism and negative affect moderated the associations of two measures of neighborhood characteristics (the national Area Deprivation Index (ADI) and perceived neighborhood problems) on incident hospitalized HF. Results Optimism moderated the association of the ADI with incident HF. Compared to participants reporting the lowest tertile of optimism, those in the highest tertile of optimism had a 29% lower rate of HF associated with increasing ADI in fully adjusted models. We found no evidence for a moderating effect of negative affect. Conclusions This study supports optimism as a source of resilience to the detrimental effects of neighborhood disadvantage on HF risk. Population-level strategies to promote sociocultural antecedents to optimism may serve as a viable method of reducing the disproportionate burden of HF among NH Black persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganga S. Bey
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Epidemiology, USA
| | - James R. Pike
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA
| | - Priya Palta
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, USA
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18
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Chung JCY, Lowenthal R, Mevorach C, Paula CS, Teixeira MCTV, Woodcock KA. Cross-Cultural Comparison of the Contexts Associated with Emotional Outbursts. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:4229-4242. [PMID: 35984587 PMCID: PMC10539459 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05708-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The causal relationship between emotional outbursts and emotion dysregulation is proposed to be heterogeneous, but cultural influences have not been considered despite established cultural differences in emotional processes (e.g., increased motivation to suppress emotions in interdependent cultures). Responses to the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Emotional Outburst Questionnaire were collected from 327 caregivers of young people (6-25 years) with autism spectrum disorder, Down's syndrome, or intellectual disability. Responses were compared to a previous sample of 268 responses from the English version of the questionnaire. The latent factor structure of the contextual items was measurement invariant across both versions. The Brazilian responses were classified into three distinct clusters (Sensory Sensitivity; Perceived Safety; Perceived Unsafety) which considerably overlapped with the English clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosane Lowenthal
- Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carmel Mevorach
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2SA, UK
| | - Cristiane Silvestre Paula
- Developmental Disorders Program and Mackenzie Center for Research in Childhood and Adolescence at Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Kate Anne Woodcock
- Centre for Applied Psychology, School of Psychology & Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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19
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Faig KE, Necka EA, Smith KE, Dimitroff SJ, Norman GJ. Resting parasympathetic activity is associated with malodor-induced change in perceived foreignness of speakers. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3249. [PMID: 37735857 PMCID: PMC10636398 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To protect against infection, individuals have evolved context-dependent pathogen-avoidant strategies, including selective social behaviors aimed at avoiding foreign individuals who may possess greater risk of infection. Parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity is associated with social engagement and regulation of the classical immune system but has not been widely investigated in relation to changes in intergroup perception and the behavioral immune system. METHOD The current research investigated the relationship between parasympathetic activity and perceived foreignness of in and outgroup speakers during exposure to a pathogen-relevant odor (butyric acid). High-frequency heart rate variability was measured at rest and while participants rated foreignness of speakers with and without the odor present. RESULTS Findings show that exposure to the odor was associated with higher foreignness perceptions of outgroup speakers and lower foreignness perceptions of ingroup speakers. This effect was especially evident among individuals with higher resting parasympathetic activity. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the PNS may play a role in changes in social perceptions during a behavioral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E. Faig
- Department of PsychologyHamilton CollegeClintonNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Karen E. Smith
- Department of PsychologyRutgers University‐NewarkNewarkNew JerseyUSA
| | | | - Greg J. Norman
- Department of PsychologyThe University of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
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20
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Komoto N, Sakebayashi H, Imagawa N, Mizuno Y, Nakata I, Shigetoh H, Kodama T, Miyazaki J. Cluster Analysis of Subjective Shoulder Stiffness and Muscle Hardness: Associations with Central Sensitization-Related Symptoms. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1831. [PMID: 37893549 PMCID: PMC10608656 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Understanding the relationships between subjective shoulder stiffness, muscle hardness, and various factors is crucial. Our cross-sectional study identified subgroups of shoulder stiffness based on symptoms and muscle hardness and investigated associated factors. Materials and Methods: measures included subjective stiffness, pain, muscle hardness, and factors like physical and psychological conditions, pressure pain threshold, postural alignment, heart rate variability, and electroencephalography in 40 healthy young individuals. Results: Three clusters were identified: Cluster 1 with high stiffness, pain, and muscle hardness; Cluster 2 with low stiffness and pain but high muscle hardness; and Cluster 3 with low levels of all factors. Cluster 1 had significantly higher central sensitization-related symptoms (CSS) scores than Cluster 2. Subjective stiffness is positively correlated with psychological factors. Conclusions: our results suggest that CSS impacts subjective symptom severity among individuals with similar shoulder muscle hardness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hayato Shigetoh
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Kyoto Tachibana University, 34 Yamada-cho, Oyake, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan (N.I.); (T.K.); (J.M.)
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21
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Steffen PR. Using the Research Domain Criteria as a framework to integrate psychophysiological findings into stress management and psychotherapy interventions. FRONTIERS IN NEUROERGONOMICS 2023; 4:1245946. [PMID: 38234487 PMCID: PMC10790878 DOI: 10.3389/fnrgo.2023.1245946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Research on the psychophysiology of stress is expanding rapidly, but the field lacks a clear integrative framework to help translate research findings into empirically supported stress interventions. The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) is an excellent candidate to explore as a framework to integrate stress research. The RDoC framework is a dimensional, multi-modal approach to psychopathology proposed as an alternative to categorical approaches used by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM). The goal of this paper is to explore the RDoC as a framework to integrate psychophysiology research into therapeutic interventions for stress. The RDoC consists of six domains: negative valence systems, positive valence systems, cognitive systems, social processes systems, arousal/regulatory systems, and sensorimotor systems, and provides an excellent structure for integrating information from multiple levels of functioning including physiology, behavior, and self-report, as well as genes, molecules, cells, and brain circuits. Integrating psychophysiological research on stress using the RDoC framework can direct and amplify stress management and psychotherapeutic interventions. First, the RDoC provides a clear foundation for conceptualizing the stress response in terms of important concepts such as allostasis and adaptation. In this perspective, the terms "allostatic response" or "adaptation response" are more descriptive terms than "stress response" in understanding bodily responses to life threats and challenges. Second, psychophysiological approaches can be used in the context of modalities such as biofeedback and mindfulness to both collect psychophysiological data and then integrate that data into a broader therapeutic framework. Heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback is being used more frequently as part of a therapeutic intervention package with stress management and psychotherapy, and HRV data is also used to provide outcome evidence on the efficacy of treatment. Mindfulness practices are commonly used in combination with stress management and psychotherapy, and psychophysiological data (HRV, EEG, blood pressure, etc.) is often collected to explore and understand mind/body relationships. In conclusion, the lack of a clear framework to assess and understand mind/body functioning limits current stress research and interventions. The RDoC provides a strong framework to assess and integrate physiological and psychological data and improve stress interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R. Steffen
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
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22
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Rouvroye L, Liefbroer AC. Life-course insecurity among young adults: Evidence for variation by employment status? ADVANCES IN LIFE COURSE RESEARCH 2023; 57:100562. [PMID: 38054861 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2023.100562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous research suggests that lack of employment security can lead young adults to experience a higher degree of insecurity with regard to their future life. We test the relationship between life-course insecurity, i.e. worrisome feelings with regard to one's own future, and young adults' employment status using a newly developed measurement instrument. Furthermore, we examine whether, in terms of life-course insecurity, specific groups of young people are more affected by insecure employment conditions based on their structural position. Survey data (n = 1087) were collected within a Dutch representative panel among those aged 18-35. Structural equation modelling is used to construct latent dependent variables for experienced insecurity in four life domains, namely 'work', 'finances', 'partner and family' and 'leisure and personal development'. Results show that, while controlling for gender, life phase, education level and level of neuroticism, lack of employment is associated with higher insecurity in all four domains of life. Precarious employment based on a flexible contract is associated with higher insecurity regarding 'work', 'finances' and 'partner and family'. Moreover, we find the relationship between lack of employment and life-course insecurity to be stronger for young people in the 26-35 age bracket. However, higher educational attainment does not attenuate the positive relationship between precarious employment and life-course insecurity. The findings of this study inform our theoretical understanding of agency within the life course of young adults by signaling insecure labour market attachment as a potential constraint to formulating plans for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Rouvroye
- Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute (KNAW-NIDI), NL-2511 CV The Hague, the Netherlands; University Medical Centre Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands.
| | - Aart C Liefbroer
- Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute (KNAW-NIDI), NL-2511 CV The Hague, the Netherlands; University Medical Centre Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Department of Sociology, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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23
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Kuijer EJ, Steenbergen L. The microbiota-gut-brain axis in hippocampus-dependent learning and memory: current state and future challenges. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105296. [PMID: 37380040 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental shift in neuroscience suggests bidirectional interaction of gut microbiota with the healthy and dysfunctional brain. This microbiota-gut-brain axis has mainly been investigated in stress-related psychopathology (e.g. depression, anxiety). The hippocampus, a key structure in both the healthy brain and psychopathologies, is implicated by work in rodents that suggests gut microbiota substantially impact hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. However, understanding microbiota-hippocampus mechanisms in health and disease, and translation to humans, is hampered by the absence of a coherent evaluative approach. We review the current knowledge regarding four main gut microbiota-hippocampus routes in rodents: through the vagus nerve; via the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal-axis; by metabolism of neuroactive substances; and through modulation of host inflammation. Next, we suggest an approach including testing (biomarkers of) the four routes as a function of the influence of gut microbiota (composition) on hippocampal-dependent (dys)functioning. We argue that such an approach is necessary to proceed from the current state of preclinical research to beneficial application in humans to optimise microbiota-based strategies to treat and enhance hippocampal-dependent memory (dys)functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloise J Kuijer
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, United Kingdom.
| | - Laura Steenbergen
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Leiden University & Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands
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24
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Smith KE, Graf E, Faig KE, Dimitroff SJ, Rockwood F, Hernandez MW, Norman GJ. Perceived control, loneliness, early-life stress, and parents' perceptions of stress. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13037. [PMID: 37563259 PMCID: PMC10415274 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39572-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of understanding what contributes to individual variability in experiences of stress. Increases in stress related to the pandemic have been especially pronounced in parents, indicating a need for research examining what factors contribute to parents' perceptions of stress. Here, we assessed the relationship between parents' perceptions of stress, control, loneliness, and experiences of childhood trauma in two populations of caregivers. In Study 1, we examined the relationship between perceptions of stress, control, loneliness, and history of early stress, along with indices of socioeconomic risk and resting parasympathetic nervous systema activity, which has been linked to variability in perceptions of stress, in caregivers of young children. Perceived control, loneliness, childhood stress, and resting parasympathetic nervous system activity predicted caregivers' stress. In Study 2, we replicated these initial findings in a second sample of caregivers. Additionally, we examined how these processes change over time. Caregivers demonstrated significant changes in perceptions of control, loneliness, and stress, and changes in control and childhood trauma history were associated with changes in perceptions of stress. Together these results indicate the importance of assessing how caregivers perceive their environment when examining what contributes to increased risk for stress. Additionally, they suggest that caregivers' stress-related processes are malleable and provide insight into potential targets for interventions aimed at reducing parents' stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Smith
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA.
- Rutgers University-Newark, Smith Hall Rm 341, 101 Warren St, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA.
| | - Eileen Graf
- NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kelly E Faig
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA
| | | | | | | | - Greg J Norman
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA
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25
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Golovchanova N, Evans B, Hellfeldt K, Andershed H, Boersma K. Older and feeling unsafe? Differences in underlying vulnerability, anxiety and life satisfaction among older adults. Aging Ment Health 2023; 27:1636-1643. [PMID: 36849364 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2023.2177255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Feeling safe in the daily environment is important in late life. However, research on configuration of vulnerability factors for perceived unsafety in older adults is scarce. The current study aimed to identify latent subgroups of older adults based on their vulnerability for perceived unsafety.Method: We analyzed the data from a cross-sectional survey of residents in senior apartments in a mid-sized Swedish municipality (N = 622).Results: The results of the latent profile analysis based on frailty, fear of falling, social support, perceived neighborhood problems, and trust in others in the neighborhood indicated the presence of three profiles. These profiles were labelled as compromised body and social networks (7.2%), compromised context (17.9%) and non-vulnerable (74.9%). Profile membership was statistically predicted by age, gender, and family status and profiles differed in perceived unsafety, anxiety and life satisfaction.Conclusion: Overall, the study findings suggested the existence of latent subgroups of older people based on patterns of vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brittany Evans
- School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Karin Hellfeldt
- School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Henrik Andershed
- School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Katja Boersma
- School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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26
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Decker S, Lavery JM, Mason GJ. Don't use it? Don't lose it! Why active use is not required for stimuli, resources or "enrichments" to have welfare value. Zoo Biol 2023; 42:467-475. [PMID: 36779682 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Current frameworks for designing and evaluating good enclosures and "enrichments" typically focus on animals' active interactions with these features. This has undoubtedly improved the welfare of zoo-housed animals over the last 30 years or more. However, literature reviews from this same period identify persistent gaps in how such frameworks are applied: experiences and behaviors that do not rely on active interaction with stimuli or resources are largely ignored, when evaluating the welfare value of enclosures and enrichments within them. Here, we review research evidence demonstrating that active interaction is not always a reliable measure of welfare value, showing that items that elicit little or no interaction can nevertheless still reduce stress and improve well-being. This evidence largely comes from research on humans, lab animals and farm animals, but also from some zoo studies too. We then investigate why. We review psychology and ethology literatures to show that such welfare benefits can arise from five, non-mutually exclusive, processes or mechanisms that are well-understood in humans and domestic animals: (1) some motivations are sated quickly by interaction with resources, yet still have large welfare benefits; (2) active interaction may just be a way to achieve a goal or solve a problem, without being beneficial for welfare in itself; (3) having opportunities for choice and control may be inherently beneficial, even when not acted on; (4) some enclosure features meet social needs for structure, landmarks, and blocked sightlines; and (5) some stimuli may be preferred because they signaled good environments to an animal's ancestors. We use this information to identify improved ways of enhancing and assessing zoo animal welfare. Incorporating these concepts should expand the scope of behaviors and subjective experiences that are targeted, to now include those that involve little active interaction and yet still are important for good welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Decker
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - J Michelle Lavery
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Georgia J Mason
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
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van Stein K, Schubert K, Ditzen B, Weise C. Understanding Psychological Symptoms of Endometriosis from a Research Domain Criteria Perspective. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4056. [PMID: 37373749 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12124056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is currently the second most common gynecological disease and is associated with severe pain, vegetative impairment, and infertility. In association, there are considerable psychological symptoms that limit the quality of life of those affected. In this narrative review, the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework was utilized to display the different transdiagnostic processes involved in disease progression and maintenance in regard to psychosocial functioning. Using the RDoC framework, it becomes clear that immune/endocrinological dysregulation is interlocked with (pelvic) pain chronification processes and psychological symptoms such as depressive mood, loss of control, higher vigilance toward the onset or worsening of symptoms, social isolation, and catastrophizing. This paper will discuss and identify promising treatment approaches, in addition to medical care, as well as further research implications. Endometriosis can come with substantial psychosomatic and social burden, requiring more research to understand the interdependence of different factors involved in its chronic development pathway. However, it is already clear that standard care should be extended with multifaceted treatments addressing pain, as well as the psychological and social burden, in order to halt the cycle of aggravation of symptoms and to improve quality of life for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina van Stein
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute for Medical Psychology, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Behavioral and Cultural Studies, Ruprecht Karls-University, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schubert
- Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Beate Ditzen
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute for Medical Psychology, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Behavioral and Cultural Studies, Ruprecht Karls-University, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Weise
- Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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28
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Revisiting uncertainty as a felt sense of unsafety: The somatic error theory of intolerance of uncertainty. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2023; 79:101827. [PMID: 36512913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) has gained widespread interest as a construct of broad interest from both transdiagnostic and trans-situational perspectives. We have approached this article inspired by the curiosity, clinical observation, consideration of different theoretical perspectives, speculation, optimism and indeed fun that can be seen in S. J. Rachman's work. We address some of what we know about IU before considering one way of conceptualizing IU from the standpoint of a felt sense or embodied experience. In the first part, we start with Woody and Rachman's (1994) observations of people with GAD. Second, we consider some key findings from the literature. Third, we consider two important perspectives on uncertainty, namely, Brosschot et al.'s (2016, 2018) influential Generalized Unsafety Theory of Stress and uncertainty as an emotion. In the second part, backing our clinical hunch about the importance of the felt sense of uncertainty, we consider IU from the perspective of interoception and the somatic error theory of anxiety (Khalsa & Feinstein, 2018). We propose the somatic error theory of intolerance of uncertainty, which places the experience of uncertainty at the heart of our understanding of intolerance of uncertainty. This is followed by predictions, unresolved questions, and potential clinical implications. Finally, we revisit Woody and Rachman's (1994) suggestions for treatment as internalizing "a sense of safety in a range of circumstances (p. 750)" and update this from the perspective of the felt sense of uncertainty. We finish by suggesting that uncertainty can be tolerated, perhaps accepted, and even embraced.
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Pinto AM, Luís M, Geenen R, Palavra F, Lumley MA, Ablin JN, Amris K, Branco J, Buskila D, Castelhano J, Castelo-Branco M, Crofford LJ, Fitzcharles MA, Häuser W, Kosek E, López-Solà M, Mease P, Marques TR, Jacobs JWG, Castilho P, da Silva JAP. Neurophysiological and Psychosocial Mechanisms of Fibromyalgia: A Comprehensive Review and Call for An Integrative Model. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023:105235. [PMID: 37207842 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Research into the neurobiological and psychosocial mechanisms involved in fibromyalgia has progressed remarkably in recent years. Despite this, current accounts of fibromyalgia fail to capture the complex, dynamic, and mutual crosstalk between neurophysiological and psychosocial domains. We conducted a comprehensive review of the existing literature in order to: a) synthesize current knowledge on fibromyalgia; b) explore and highlight multi-level links and pathways between different systems; and c) build bridges connecting disparate perspectives. An extensive panel of international experts in neurophysiological and psychosocial aspects of fibromyalgia discussed the collected evidence and progressively refined and conceptualized its interpretation. This work constitutes an essential step towards the development of a model capable of integrating the main factors implicated in fibromyalgia into a single, unified construct which appears indispensable to foster the understanding, assessment, and intervention for fibromyalgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Margarida Pinto
- University of Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Rua do Colégio Novo, s/n, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, University Clinic of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Rua Larga - FMUC, Pólo I - Edifício Central, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Psychological Medicine Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Rua Larga - FMUC, Pólo I - Edifício Central, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Mariana Luís
- Rheumatology Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Praceta Mota Pinto, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Rinie Geenen
- Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Martinus J. Langeveldgebouw, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands; Altrecht Psychosomatic Medicine Eikenboom, Vrijbaan 2, 3705 WC Zeist, the Netherlands.
| | - Filipe Palavra
- Centre for Child Development, Neuropediatric Unit. Pediatric Hospital, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Avenida Afonso Romão, 3000-602 Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (i.CBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Mark A Lumley
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Ave., Suite 7908, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - Jacob N Ablin
- Internal Medicine H, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Kirstine Amris
- The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Jaime Branco
- Rheumatology Department, Egas Moniz Hospital - Lisboa Ocidental Hospital Centre (CHLO-EPE), R. da Junqueira 126, 1349-019 Lisbon, Portugal; Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, NOVA University Lisbon (NMS/UNL), Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Dan Buskila
- Ben Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheba, Israel.
| | - João Castelhano
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), ICNAS, Edifício do ICNAS, Polo 3, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal, Portugal.
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), ICNAS, Edifício do ICNAS, Polo 3, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal, Portugal.
| | - Leslie J Crofford
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Mary-Ann Fitzcharles
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, 1650 Cedar Ave, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3G 1A4.
| | - Winfried Häuser
- Department Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany.
| | - Eva Kosek
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden; Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Marina López-Solà
- Serra Hunter Programme, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona.
| | - Philip Mease
- Swedish Medical Center/Providence St. Joseph Health, Seattle, WA, USA; University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Tiago Reis Marques
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2BU, UK; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK.
| | - Johannes W G Jacobs
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands.
| | - Paula Castilho
- University of Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Rua do Colégio Novo, s/n, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - José A P da Silva
- University of Coimbra, University Clinic of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Rua Larga - FMUC, Pólo I - Edifício Central, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Rheumatology Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Praceta Mota Pinto, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (i.CBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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LeNoble C, Naranjo A, Shoss M, Horan K. Navigating a Context of Severe Uncertainty: The Effect of Industry Unsafety Signals on Employee Well-being During the COVID-19 Crisis. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SCIENCE 2023:1-37. [PMID: 37359454 PMCID: PMC10183695 DOI: 10.1007/s41542-023-00155-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Complex disaster situations like the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) create macro-level contexts of severe uncertainty that disrupt industries across the globe in unprecedented ways. While occupational health research has made important advances in understanding the effects of occupational stressors on employee well-being, there is a need to better understand the employee well-being implications of severe uncertainty stemming from macro-level disruption. We draw from the Generalized Unsafety Theory of Stress (GUTS) to explain how a context of severe uncertainty can create signals of economic and health unsafety at the industry level, leading to emotional exhaustion through paths of economic and health anxiety. We integrate recent disaster scholarship that classifies COVID-19 as a transboundary disaster and use this interdisciplinary perspective to explain how COVID-19 created a context of severe uncertainty from which these effects unfold. To test our proposed model, we pair objective industry data with time-lagged quantitative and qualitative survey responses from 212 employees across industries collected during the height of the initial COVID-19 response in the United States. Structural equation modeling results indicate a significant indirect effect of industry COVID-19 unsafety signals on emotional exhaustion through the health, but not economic, unsafety path. Qualitative analyses provide further insights into these dynamics. Theoretical and practical implications for employee well-being in a context of severe uncertainty are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea LeNoble
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL 32816 USA
| | - Anthony Naranjo
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL 32816 USA
| | - Mindy Shoss
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL 32816 USA
- Peter Faber Business School, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Kristin Horan
- Department of Psychological Science, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA USA
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31
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Parizek D, Visnovcova N, Hamza Sladicekova K, Misek J, Jakus J, Jakusova J, Kohan M, Visnovcová Z, Ferencova N, Tonhajzerova I. Electromagnetic fields - do they pose a cardiovascular risk? Physiol Res 2023; 72:199-208. [PMID: 37159854 PMCID: PMC10226401 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mobile wireless communication technologies have now become an everyday part of our lives, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Monitoring the autonomous system under exposition to electromagnetic fields may play an important role in broading of our still limited knowledge on their effect on human body. Thus, we studied the interaction of the high frequency electromagnetic field (HF EMF) with living body and its effect on the autonomic control of heart rate using Heart Rate Variability (HRV) linear and nonlinear analyses in healthy volunteers. A group of young healthy probands (n=30, age mean: 24.2 ± 3.5 years) without any symptoms of disease was exposed to EMF with f=2400 MHz (Wi Fi), and f=2600 MHz (4G) for 5 minutes applied on the chest area. The short-term heart rate variability (HRV) metrics were used as an indicator of complex cardiac autonomic control. The evaluated HRV parameters: RR interval (ms), high frequency spectral power (HF-HRV in [ln(ms2)]) as an index of cardiovagal control, and a symbolic dynamic index of 0V %, indicating cardiac sympathetic activity. The cardiac-linked parasympathetic index HF-HRV was significantly reduced (p =0.036) and sympathetically mediated HRV index 0V % was significantly higher (p=0.002) during EMF exposure at 2400 MHz (Wi-Fi), compared to simulated 4G frequency 2600 MHz. No significant differences were found in the RR intervals. Our results revealed a shift in cardiac autonomic regulation towards sympathetic overactivity and parasympathetic underactivity indexed by HRV parameters during EMF exposure in young healthy persons. It seems that HF EMF exposure results in abnormal complex cardiac autonomic regulatory integrity which may be associated with higher risk of later cardiovascular complications already in healthy probands.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Parizek
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovak Republic. ,
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Naviaux RK. Mitochondrial and metabolic features of salugenesis and the healing cycle. Mitochondrion 2023; 70:131-163. [PMID: 37120082 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenesis and salugenesis are the first and second stages of the two-stage problem of disease production and health recovery. Salugenesis is the automatic, evolutionarily conserved, ontogenetic sequence of molecular, cellular, organ system, and behavioral changes that is used by living systems to heal. It is a whole-body process that begins with mitochondria and the cell. The stages of salugenesis define a circle that is energy- and resource-consuming, genetically programmed, and environmentally responsive. Energy and metabolic resources are provided by mitochondrial and metabolic transformations that drive the cell danger response (CDR) and create the three phases of the healing cycle: Phase 1-Inflammation, Phase 2-Proliferation, and Phase 3-Differentiation. Each phase requires a different mitochondrial phenotype. Without different mitochondria there can be no healing. The rise and fall of extracellular ATP (eATP) signaling is a key driver of the mitochondrial and metabolic reprogramming required to progress through the healing cycle. Sphingolipid and cholesterol-enriched membrane lipid rafts act as rheostats for tuning cellular sensitivity to purinergic signaling. Abnormal persistence of any phase of the CDR inhibits the healing cycle, creates dysfunctional cellular mosaics, causes the symptoms of chronic disease, and accelerates the process of aging. New research reframes the rising tide of chronic disease around the world as a systems problem caused by the combined action of pathogenic triggers and anthropogenic factors that interfere with the mitochondrial functions needed for healing. Once chronic pain, disability, or disease is established, salugenesis-based therapies will start where pathogenesis-based therapies end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert K Naviaux
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, Departments of Medicine, and Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, MC#8467, San Diego, CA 92103.
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Jayasundera KT, Abuzaitoun RO, Popova L, Abalem MF, Andrews CA, Lacy GD, Fresco DM, Musch DC. Construct Validity of Inherited Retinal Disease-Specific Patient-Reported Outcome Measures. Am J Ophthalmol 2023; 248:116-126. [PMID: 36470512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2022.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate aspects of construct validity of the Michigan Retinal Degeneration Questionnaire (MRDQ) and the Michigan Vision-related Anxiety Questionnaire (MVAQ). METHODS Subjects with a clinical diagnosis of an inherited retinal disease (IRD) were recruited prospectively and 3 tests were used to assess construct validity: the ability to distinguish different IRD phenotypes; test a priori hypothesis of an association between vision-related anxiety and vision-related disabilities; and correlate MRDQ and MVAQ with the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire 25 (NEI VFQ-25) and the Impact of Vision Impairment (IVI). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare different phenotypes for mean domain scores for MRDQ/MVAQ. Pearson correlations were performed between; Cone-Function Anxiety and Central Vision controlling for better eye visual acuity, Rod-Function Anxiety and Scotopic Function controlling for visual field area (III4e and IV4e), and scores of MRDQ/MVAQ, NEI VFQ-25, and IVI. RESULTS The study sample consisted of 146 patients evenly divided between males and females, and mean age was 50 years. The 1-way ANOVA test was significant for distinguishing IRD phenotypes in 6 domains of MRDQ/MVAQ. Cone-Function Anxiety correlated with Central Vision controlling for visual acuity, Rod-Function Anxiety correlated with Scotopic Function controlling for visual field area, and all domains in MRDQ/MVAQ had significant correlations with NEI VFQ-25 and IVI composite scores. CONCLUSION MRDQ and MVAQ domenstrate aspects of construct-validity set forth by the US Food and Drug Administration. The study futher supports the use of both patient-reported outcome measures in IRD clinical trials and natural history studies.NOTE: Publication of this article is sponsored by the American Ophthalmological Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Thiran Jayasundera
- From the Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School (K.T.J., R.O.A., L.P., M.F.A., C.A.A., G.D.L., D.C.M.), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
| | - Rebhi O Abuzaitoun
- From the Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School (K.T.J., R.O.A., L.P., M.F.A., C.A.A., G.D.L., D.C.M.), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lilia Popova
- From the Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School (K.T.J., R.O.A., L.P., M.F.A., C.A.A., G.D.L., D.C.M.), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Maria Fernanda Abalem
- From the Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School (K.T.J., R.O.A., L.P., M.F.A., C.A.A., G.D.L., D.C.M.), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School (M.F.A.), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Chris A Andrews
- From the Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School (K.T.J., R.O.A., L.P., M.F.A., C.A.A., G.D.L., D.C.M.), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Gabrielle D Lacy
- From the Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School (K.T.J., R.O.A., L.P., M.F.A., C.A.A., G.D.L., D.C.M.), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - David M Fresco
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan (D.M.F.), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - David C Musch
- From the Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School (K.T.J., R.O.A., L.P., M.F.A., C.A.A., G.D.L., D.C.M.), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan (D.C.M.), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Romney CE, Arroyo AC, Robles TF, Zawadzki MJ. Hugs and Cortisol Awakening Response the Next Day: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5340. [PMID: 37047955 PMCID: PMC10094596 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Previous research suggests that affectionate touch such as hugs might downregulate stress systems such as the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis. However, the current literature lacks in generalizability beyond the laboratory setting and outside the context of romantic relationships. The cortisol awakening response (CAR) is a measure of the HPA axis and is responsive to daily fluctuations in stress and social information. However, associations between affectionate touch and the CAR have never been assessed. This study used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to measure daily hugging behaviors in 104 first-year college students and salivary cortisol to assess the CAR. Participants who reported more daily hugs in their social interactions had significantly smaller CARs the next morning compared to days they reported fewer hugs. This study contributes to the literature on social interactions and stress responsive systems and emphasizes the importance of assessing affectionate touch behaviors such as hugs that can be exchanged outside the context of romantic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea E. Romney
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Amber Carmen Arroyo
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Theodore F. Robles
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Matthew J. Zawadzki
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
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35
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Pinto AM, Geenen R, Wager TD, Lumley MA, Häuser W, Kosek E, Ablin JN, Amris K, Branco J, Buskila D, Castelhano J, Castelo-Branco M, Crofford LJ, Fitzcharles MA, López-Solà M, Luís M, Marques TR, Mease PJ, Palavra F, Rhudy JL, Uddin LQ, Castilho P, Jacobs JWG, da Silva JAP. Reply to 'Imbalance of threat and soothing systems in fibromyalgia: rephrasing an established mechanistic model?'. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023; 19:319-320. [PMID: 36959282 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-023-00950-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Margarida Pinto
- University of Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, University Clinic of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, Psychological Medicine Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rinie Geenen
- Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Altrecht Psychosomatic Medicine Eikenboom, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Tor D Wager
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Mark A Lumley
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Winfried Häuser
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Kosek
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jacob N Ablin
- Internal Medicine H, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Kirstine Amris
- The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jaime Branco
- Rheumatology Department, Egas Moniz Hospital - Lisboa Ocidental Hospital Centre (CHLO-EPE), Lisbon, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, NOVA University Lisbon (NMS/UNL), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dan Buskila
- Ben Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheba, Beersheba, Israel
| | - João Castelhano
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), ICNAS, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), ICNAS, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Leslie J Crofford
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mary-Ann Fitzcharles
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marina López-Solà
- Serra Hunter Programme, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariana Luís
- Rheumatology Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tiago Reis Marques
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Philip J Mease
- Swedish Medical Center/Providence St. Joseph Health, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Filipe Palavra
- Centre for Child Development, Neuropediatric Unit, Paediatric Hospital, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (i.CBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jamie L Rhudy
- Department of Psychology, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Lucina Q Uddin
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Paula Castilho
- University of Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Johannes W G Jacobs
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - José A P da Silva
- University of Coimbra, University Clinic of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Rheumatology Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal.
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (i.CBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Chan EWT, Wong KTC, Clark LH. Challenging Parenting Behaviour and Anxiety Disorders in Emerging Adulthood. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2023; 32:663-677. [PMID: 36820403 PMCID: PMC9930716 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-022-02434-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Challenging parenting behaviour (CPB) refers to parental encouragement of behaviours where children push their own limits through engaging them engage in safe risks, such as rough-and-tumble play (Bögels & Phares, 2008). Preliminary evidence suggests that CPB reduces the risk of child anxiety however, little is known about the relationship between CPB and specific forms of anxiety disorders and the factors that influence this relationship. The present study aims to examine current maternal and paternal CPB in relation to symptoms of generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) and social anxiety disorder (SAD) in emerging adulthood, and to identify whether intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and cognitive avoidance (CA) sequentially mediate this relationship. A sample of 190 UK-based adults (aged 18-25) completed a battery of online self-report measures. Greater maternal CPB, but not paternal CPB, was found to predict lower symptoms of SAD, but not GAD. IU and CA did not sequentially mediate the relationship between CPB and symptoms of GAD or SAD. This study suggests that CPB may be associated with certain forms of anxiety disorders such as SAD, but further investigation is needed to understand the mechanisms between CPB and anxiety in young people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura H. Clark
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
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Chong LS, Lin B, Gordis E. Racial differences in sympathetic nervous system indicators: Implications and challenges for research. Biol Psychol 2023; 177:108496. [PMID: 36641137 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates the presence of racial differences in sympathetic nervous system (SNS) functioning, yet the nature of these differences is unclear and appears to vary across different indices of SNS activity. Moreover, racial differences among commonly used indices of SNS activity are under-investigated. This systematic review examines racial differences among widely used resting SNS indices, such as electrodermal activity (EDA), pre-ejection period (PEP), and salivary alpha-amylase (sAA). Our review reveals that Black participants have consistently been found to display lower resting EDA compared to White participants. The few studies that have investigated or reported racial differences in PEP and sAA yield mixed findings about whether racial differences exist. We discuss potential reasons for racial differences in SNS activity, such as index-specific factors, lab confounds, psychosocial environmental factors, and their interactions. We outline a framework characterizing possible contributors to racial differences in SNS functioning. Lastly, we highlight the implications of several definitional, analytic, and interpretive issues concerning the treatment of group differences in psychophysiological activity and provide future recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shen Chong
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, United States.
| | - Betty Lin
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, United States.
| | - Elana Gordis
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, United States.
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38
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Intolerance of Uncertainty and Emotional Processing in Adolescence: Separating Between-Person Stability and Within-Person Change. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023; 51:871-884. [PMID: 36703018 PMCID: PMC9879745 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-022-01020-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Previous research on the relation between Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU) and Emotional Processing (EP) during adolescence is limited. The present study aimed to clarify how IU and EP evolve over time, to what extent they are related, and whether changes in one precede or follow changes in the other. A total of 457 Italian adolescents (53.1% girls) aged 11 to 18 years (M = 14.1 ± 2.27) completed the IU and EP scales on three separate occasions three months apart (T1, T2, and T3). Data were modeled using a Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model (RI-CLPM) that separates individual differences between individuals from intraindividual changes. Descriptive analyses showed that IU was relatively stable between T1 and T2 and decreased slightly between T2 and T3. Consistent with the view that emotion regulation improves as adolescents develop, EP difficulties were found to decrease between T1 and T2 and between T2 and T3. The RI-CLPM revealed a strong between-person effect, showing that individual differences in IU and EP remained consistent throughout the study. In addition, significant within-person change was found, with adolescents who increased their IU at T1 and T2 also increasing their EP difficulties at T2 and T3, respectively. The opposite effect had a smaller effect size. In sum, our study showed that IU and EP are intertwined in adolescents and that changes in IU precede corresponding changes in EP. These results suggest a priority of change between IU and EP and confirm the relationship between IU and emotion regulation problems in adolescence.
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McCarrick D, Prestwich A, O'Connor DB. The role of perseverative cognition in the job strain-health outcome relationship. Psychol Health 2023:1-23. [PMID: 36628608 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2022.2154353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Job strain has been implicated in a variety of adverse health outcomes, particularly cardiometabolic and inflammatory diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects remain largely unknown. One possibility is that the maladaptive coping response to stress, (perseverative cognition (PC); the cognitive representation of past stressful events (rumination) or feared future events (worry)), either in work or more generally, mediates the relationship between job strain and physical disease. The aim of this study was thus to test the potential role of both general, and work- related PC as a mediating, or potentially moderating, mechanism between job strain and ill- health outcomes.Design & Measures:Using an online cross- sectional design, 650 full- time employees completed measures of job strain, general and work- related PC (rumination & worry) and health outcomes (burnout, somatization, health behaviours & sleep quality). RESULTS General and work- related worry and rumination significantly mediated, often independently, the relationship between job strain and burnout, somatization, and sleep quality. No significant mediation effects were observed for health behaviours and no type of PC (general or work- related) moderated job strain- health outcome relations. CONCLUSION Both general and work- related worry and rumination are likely to play important, and partly independent, roles in understanding the adverse relationships between job strain and various health outcomes.
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Cundiff JM, Kamarck TW, Muldoon MF, Marsland AL, Manuck SB. Expectations of respect and appreciation in daily life and associations with subclinical cardiovascular disease. Health Psychol 2023; 42:53-62. [PMID: 36409101 PMCID: PMC9853515 DOI: 10.1037/hea0001255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test whether expectations of respect and appreciation from others, assessed in daily life, are associated with preclinical vascular disease. METHOD Participants were an urban community sample of 483 employed adults (47% male, 17% Black, mean age = 42.8 years). Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was measured using B-mode ultrasound. Expectations of being treated with respect and appreciation were measured using the average of hourly assessments over the course of 4 days, and home and work averages were also examined separately. RESULTS Expectations of greater respect and appreciation from others were associated with significantly less carotid IMT even after adjustment for demographic factors, general positivity and negativity of social interactions, neuroticism, optimism, perceived discrimination, and concurrent biological risk factors. This association was similar across social contexts of work and home and also when expectations of respect and appreciation were examined separately. Lower expectations of respect and appreciation and more negative social interactions were both independently associated with greater IMT in fully adjusted models and effect sizes were similar to traditional biological risk factors such as BMI. CONCLUSIONS Midlife adults who anticipate greater respect and appreciation from others in everyday life evidence less preclinical vascular disease. Consistent with the literature showing that anticipation of social threats and unfair treatment may increase cardiovascular risk, expectations of being valued and treated with respect by others is associated with decreased risk. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Pinto AM, Geenen R, Wager TD, Lumley MA, Häuser W, Kosek E, Ablin JN, Amris K, Branco J, Buskila D, Castelhano J, Castelo-Branco M, Crofford LJ, Fitzcharles MA, López-Solà M, Luís M, Marques TR, Mease PJ, Palavra F, Rhudy JL, Uddin LQ, Castilho P, Jacobs JWG, da Silva JAP. Emotion regulation and the salience network: a hypothetical integrative model of fibromyalgia. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023; 19:44-60. [PMID: 36471023 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-022-00873-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Fibromyalgia is characterized by widespread pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances and other symptoms, and has a substantial socioeconomic impact. Current biomedical and psychosocial treatments are unsatisfactory for many patients, and treatment progress has been hindered by the lack of a clear understanding of the pathogenesis of fibromyalgia. We present here a model of fibromyalgia that integrates current psychosocial and neurophysiological observations. We propose that an imbalance in emotion regulation, reflected by an overactive 'threat' system and underactive 'soothing' system, might keep the 'salience network' (also known as the midcingulo-insular network) in continuous alert mode, and this hyperactivation, in conjunction with other mechanisms, contributes to fibromyalgia. This proposed integrative model, which we term the Fibromyalgia: Imbalance of Threat and Soothing Systems (FITSS) model, should be viewed as a working hypothesis with limited supporting evidence available. We hope, however, that this model will shed new light on existing psychosocial and biological observations, and inspire future research to address the many gaps in our knowledge about fibromyalgia, ultimately stimulating the development of novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Margarida Pinto
- University of Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, University Clinic of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, Psychological Medicine Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rinie Geenen
- Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Altrecht Psychosomatic Medicine Eikenboom, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Tor D Wager
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Mark A Lumley
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Winfried Häuser
- Department Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Kosek
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jacob N Ablin
- Internal Medicine H, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Kirstine Amris
- The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jaime Branco
- Rheumatology Department, Egas Moniz Hospital - Lisboa Ocidental Hospital Centre (CHLO-EPE), Lisbon, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, NOVA University Lisbon (NMS/UNL), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dan Buskila
- Ben Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheba, Beersheba, Israel
| | - João Castelhano
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), ICNAS, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), ICNAS, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Leslie J Crofford
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mary-Ann Fitzcharles
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marina López-Solà
- Serra Hunter Programme, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariana Luís
- Rheumatology Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tiago Reis Marques
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Philip J Mease
- Swedish Medical Center/Providence St. Joseph Health, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Filipe Palavra
- Centre for Child Development, Neuropediatric Unit, Paediatric Hospital, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (i.CBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jamie L Rhudy
- Department of Psychology, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Lucina Q Uddin
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Paula Castilho
- University of Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Johannes W G Jacobs
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - José A P da Silva
- University of Coimbra, University Clinic of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Rheumatology Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal.
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (i.CBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Muscatell KA, Alvarez GM, Bonar AS, Cardenas MN, Galvan MJ, Merritt CC, Starks MD. Brain-body pathways linking racism and health. AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2022; 77:1049-1060. [PMID: 36595402 PMCID: PMC9887645 DOI: 10.1037/amp0001084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Racial disparities in health are a major public health problem in the United States, especially when comparing chronic disease morbidity and mortality for Black versus White Americans. These health disparities are primarily due to insidious anti-Black racism that permeates American history, current culture and institutions, and interpersonal interactions. But how does racism get under the skull and the skin to influence brain and bodily processes that impact the health of Black Americans? In the present article, we present a model describing the possible neural and inflammatory mechanisms linking racism and health. We hypothesize that racism influences neural activity and connectivity in the salience and default mode networks of the brain and disrupts interactions between these networks and the executive control network. This pattern of neural functioning in turn leads to greater sympathetic nervous system signaling, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation, and increased expression of genes involved in inflammation, ultimately leading to higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the body and brain. Over time, these neural and physiological responses can lead to chronic physical and mental health conditions, disrupt well-being, and cause premature mortality. Given that research in this area is underdeveloped to date, we emphasize opportunities for future research that are needed to build a comprehensive mechanistic understanding of the brain-body pathways linking anti-Black racism and health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Keely A Muscatell
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Gabriella M Alvarez
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Adrienne S Bonar
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Megan N Cardenas
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Manuel J Galvan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Carrington C Merritt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Maurryce D Starks
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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Chen PC, Zhang J, Thayer JF, Mednick SC. Understanding the roles of central and autonomic activity during sleep in the improvement of working memory and episodic memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2123417119. [PMID: 36279428 PMCID: PMC9636982 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2123417119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The last decade has seen significant progress in identifying sleep mechanisms that support cognition. Most of these studies focus on the link between electrophysiological events of the central nervous system during sleep and improvements in different cognitive domains, while the dynamic shifts of the autonomic nervous system across sleep have been largely overlooked. Recent studies, however, have identified significant contributions of autonomic inputs during sleep to cognition. Yet, there remain considerable gaps in understanding how central and autonomic systems work together during sleep to facilitate cognitive improvement. In this article we examine the evidence for the independent and interactive roles of central and autonomic activities during sleep and wake in cognitive processing. We specifically focus on the prefrontal-subcortical structures supporting working memory and mechanisms underlying the formation of hippocampal-dependent episodic memory. Our Slow Oscillation Switch Model identifies separate and competing underlying mechanisms supporting the two memory domains at the synaptic, systems, and behavioral levels. We propose that sleep is a competitive arena in which both memory domains vie for limited resources, experimentally demonstrated when boosting one system leads to a functional trade-off in electrophysiological and behavioral outcomes. As these findings inevitably lead to further questions, we suggest areas of future research to better understand how the brain and body interact to support a wide range of cognitive domains during a single sleep episode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Chun Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Julian F. Thayer
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Sara C. Mednick
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
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Urbutienė E, Pukinskaitė R. Fear of Cancer Recurrence as Reminder About Death: Lived Experiences of Cancer Survivors' Spouses. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2022:302228221123152. [PMID: 35995573 DOI: 10.1177/00302228221123152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Fear of cancer recurrence is the most prevalent and burdensome emotional concern among cancer survivors' spouses after treatment. This qualitative study aimed to reveal death-related experiences of spouses of cancer survivors in remission, in the context of fear of cancer recurrence. Seven spouses (aged 35-56), four women and three men were explored. Data were obtained using an unstructured interview and analyzed by inductive thematic analysis. The spouses associate cancer relapse with death, risk of losing their spouse. The threat of death triggers not only the feelings of insecurity, uncertainty about the future and loss of control, but also appreciation of life, focus on positive aspects in relationships. Planning for the "worst" scenarios and avoidance helped spouses to reduce tension and enhance control. Interventions for spouses should focus on promotion of emotional expression of death related concerns underlying fear of relapse, also developing new coping strategies to accept and tolerate uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eglė Urbutienė
- Institute of Psychology, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rūta Pukinskaitė
- Institute of Psychology, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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45
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Leconstant C, Spitz E. Integrative Model of Human-Animal Interactions: A One Health-One Welfare Systemic Approach to Studying HAI. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:656833. [PMID: 35968006 PMCID: PMC9372562 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.656833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Integrative Model of Human-Animal Interactions (IMHAI) described herewith provides a conceptual framework for the study of interspecies interactions and aims to model the primary emotional processes involved in human-animal interactions. This model was developed from theoretical inputs from three fundamental disciplines for understanding interspecies interactions: neuroscience, psychology and ethology, with the objective of providing a transdisciplinary approach on which field professionals and researchers can build and collaborate. Seminal works in affective neuroscience offer a common basis between humans and animals and, as such, can be applied to the study of interspecies interactions from a One Health-One Welfare perspective. On the one hand, Jaak Panksepp's research revealed that primary/basic emotions originate in the deep subcortical regions of the brain and are shared by all mammals, including humans. On the other hand, several works in the field of neuroscience show that the basic physiological state is largely determined by the perception of safety. Thus, emotional expression reflects the state of an individual's permanent adaptation to ever-changing environmental demands. Based on this evidence and over 5 years of action research using grounded theory, alternating between research and practice, the IMHAI proposes a systemic approach to the study of primary-process emotional affects during interspecies social interactions, through the processes of emotional transfer, embodied communication and interactive emotional regulation. IMHAI aims to generate new hypotheses and predictions on affective behavior and interspecies communication. Application of such a model should promote risk prevention and the establishment of positive links between humans and animals thereby contributing to their respective wellbeing.
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46
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Balint EM, Daniele V, Langgartner D, Reber SO, Rothermund E, Gündel H, Von Wietersheim J, Buckley T, Jarczok MN. Heart rate variability predicts outcome of short-term psychotherapy at the workplace. Psychophysiology 2022; 60:e14150. [PMID: 35867961 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The bio-psycho-social model highlights intra-individual and inter-individual interactions, including psychotherapy. The processing of these interactions within a person takes place, among others, in the central autonomic network (CAN). The CAN's autonomic output to the periphery can be indexed by heart rate variability (HRV), representing individual adaptive capacity. Further, the CAN influences the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis with its product cortisol. The aim consisted in investigating HRV and cortisol as well as their relation to symptom course in response to short-term psychotherapy. A single-arm, uncontrolled, explorative study was conducted at an outpatient psychotherapeutic consultation in the workplace offered to employees with mental or psychosomatic complaints. Questionnaires included symptoms of depression, irritation and functional impairment. Circadian profile of HRV and salivary cortisol concentrations collected pre and post short-term psychotherapeutic intervention (4-12 sessions) were assessed. Multilevel-linear mixed regressions were calculated. Out of 29 participants (mean age 42; 72% female), 24% were on sick leave from work. Cortisol concentrations were neither affected by intervention nor by symptom course. The proportion of individuals showing a vagally mediated HRV in the range of the lowest quartile assessed for age- and sex-matched healthy controls was reduced at follow-up (pre 34%, post 22%; p = .017). Higher vagally mediated HRV at baseline predicted lower symptom burden at follow-up. Thus, the results support the assumption that HRV reflects the capability of an organism to adapt and recover. Patients with reduced HRV might need additional psychotherapeutic sessions to achieve the same symptom improvements than patients with retained HRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Maria Balint
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.,Privatklinik Meiringen, Meiringen, Switzerland
| | - Viktorija Daniele
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dominik Langgartner
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan O Reber
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Eva Rothermund
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Harald Gündel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jörn Von Wietersheim
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Buckley
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marc N Jarczok
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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47
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Diamond LM, Alley J. Rethinking minority stress: A social safety perspective on the health effects of stigma in sexually-diverse and gender-diverse populations. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 138:104720. [PMID: 35662651 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
For over two decades, the minority stress model has guided research on the health of sexually-diverse individuals (those who are not exclusively heterosexual) and gender-diverse individuals (those whose gender identity/expression differs from their birth-assigned sex/gender). According to this model, the cumulative stress caused by stigma and social marginalization fosters stress-related health problems. Yet studies linking minority stress to physical health outcomes have yielded mixed results, suggesting that something is missing from our understanding of stigma and health. Social safety may be the missing piece. Social safety refers to reliable social connection, inclusion, and protection, which are core human needs that are imperiled by stigma. The absence of social safety is just as health-consequential for stigmatized individuals as the presence of minority stress, because the chronic threat-vigilance fostered by insufficient safety has negative long-term effects on cognitive, emotional, and immunological functioning, even when exposure to minority stress is low. We argue that insufficient social safety is a primary cause of stigma-related health disparities and a key target for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Diamond
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Jenna Alley
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Lin B, Appleton AA. Developmental Origins of Pregnancy-Related Morbidity and Mortality in Black U.S. Women. Front Public Health 2022; 10:853018. [PMID: 35769781 PMCID: PMC9234444 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.853018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the US, Black women are at disproportionate risk for pregnancy-related morbidity and mortality (PRMM). Disparities in PRMM have been tied to elevated rates of obstetric cardiometabolic complications for Black women. Research seeking to elucidate the determinants of Black PRMM to date have focused predominantly on risk factors occurring during pregnancy (e.g., health risk behaviors, quantity and quality of prenatal care, provider behaviors, and attitudes). Meanwhile, other research investigating the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) model indicates that the origins of adult cardiometabolic health can be traced back to stress exposures occurring during the intrauterine and early life periods. Despite the relevancy of this work to Black PRMM, the DOHaD model has never been applied to investigate the determinants of Black PRMM. We argue that the DOHaD model represents a compelling theoretical framework from which to conceptualize factors that drive racial disparities PRMM. Research and intervention working from a developmental origins orientation may help address this urgent public health crisis of Black PRMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Lin
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Betty Lin
| | - Allison A. Appleton
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, United States
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Urbutienė E, Pukinskaitė R. Fear of Cancer Recurrence: Lived Experiences of Cancer Survivors’ Spouses. PSICHOLOGIJA 2022. [DOI: 10.15388/psichol.2022.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fear of cancer recurrence is the most prevalent and burdensome emotional concern among cancer survivors’ spouses after treatment. This qualitative study aimed to disclose, what are cancer survivors’ spouses lived experiences of fear of cancer recurrence. Seven adult spouses were explored. Data were obtained using a semi-structured interview and analyzed by inductive thematic analysis. Analysis revealed that fear of cancer recurrence is interpersonal experience and fear transmits in a couple. The spouses associate cancer recurrence with death and risk of losing their spouse. The threat of cancer recurrence triggers not only the feelings of insecurity, uncertainty about the future and loss of control, but also appreciation of life. Planning and control, religiosity, avoidance and awareness of fear helped spouses to reduce concerns about relapse. Interventions for spouses should focus on promotion of emotional expression of cancer recurrence concerns, also learning to accept and tolerate uncertainty.
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50
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Autonomic Central Coupling during Daytime Sleep Differs between Older and Younger People. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2022; 193:107646. [PMID: 35671980 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2022.107646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Decreased functioning in the elderly is mirrored by independent changes in central and autonomic nervous systems. Additionally, recent work suggests that the coupling of these systems may also serve an important role. In young adults, Autonomic and Central Events (ACEs), measured in the temporal coincidence of heart rate bursts (HRBs) and increased slow-wave-activity (SWA, 0.5-1Hz) and sigma activity (12-15Hz), followed by parasympathetic surge (RRHF) during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, predicted cognitive improvements. However, ACEs have not been examined in the elderly. Thus, the current study compared ACEs during wake and daytime sleep in older and younger adults and examined associations with working memory improvement before and after a nap. Compared to youngers, older adults showed lower amplitude of ACEs during NREM sleep, but not during wake. Furthermore, while younger adults demonstrated a parasympathetic surge after HRBs, older adults showed an earlier rise and longer maintenance of the RRHF. Taken together, our results demonstrate that autonomic-central coupling declines with age. Pathological aging implicates independent roles for decreased autonomic and central nervous system functioning, the current findings suggest that the coupling of these systems may also deserve attention.
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