1
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Murayama A, Higuchi D, Saida K, Tanaka S, Shinohara T. Risk factors for falls among community-dwelling older adults during voluntary self-isolation: analysis based on frailty screening index subscales. J Phys Ther Sci 2022; 34:311-314. [PMID: 35400832 PMCID: PMC8989482 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.34.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study aimed to assess fall-related risk factors among community-dwelling
older adults during a period of voluntary self-isolation for preventing the spread of
COVID-19. [Participants and Methods] This was a cross-sectional study. Survey
questionnaire forms were distributed to 2,586 community-dwelling older adults in Takasaki
City, Gunma Prefecture, Japan. Completed questionnaires were returned by mail. [Results]
Of the 1,645 people who responded, 1,040 people aged 65 and over who did not apply for
long-term care insurance and fully completed the questionnaire were included in this
study. Since no in-person measurements were required, we utilized the Frailty Screening
Index for the evaluations. We evaluated the relationship between questionnaire responses
and fall rates among community-dwelling older adults. Among the results, “yes” responses
to “Do you think you walk more slowly than before?” were identified as significantly
associated with falls. [Conclusion] One must pay careful attention to subjectively
assessing decreases in walking speed as a fall prevention measure during periods of
self-restraint to prevent the spread of COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Murayama
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Gunma University of Health and Welfare: 2-12-1 Hon-machi, Maebashi-shi, Gunma 371-0023, Japan
| | - Daisuke Higuchi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Care, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Japan
| | - Kosuke Saida
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Care, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Japan
| | - Shigeya Tanaka
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Care, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Shinohara
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Care, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Japan
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2
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Urology and Geriatrics in Korea: Present Status and Future Directions. Int Neurourol J 2022; 26:20-25. [PMID: 35368182 PMCID: PMC8984697 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2142046.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, the population aged 65 years and over is growing faster than all other age groups. South Korea, in particular, is one of the most rapidly aging societies worldwide. With the increase in the older population, the incidence of urologic diseases has increased significantly along with that of chronic diseases. Urologic diseases are an important component of the health problems faced by an aging society. Among those, urinary incontinence and voiding dysfunction cause significant health and quality of life problems in older adults. To properly manage these diseases, especially in the field of urology, it is necessary to propose appropriate policies for the health care of older people. Accordingly, the significance of geriatrics, particularly geriatric urology, has increased. Although geriatric urology in South Korea began relatively recently, the founding of the Korean Society of Geriatric Urological Care represents a significant step in the development of geriatric urology as a subspecialty. The goal of this review is to elaborate on the concept of geriatrics and to provide an overview of geriatric urology with a focus on its current status in South Korea. Furthermore, future challenges in the face of rapid demographic changes are reviewed.
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3
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Lin CY, Koohsari MJ, Liao Y, Ishii K, Shibata A, Nakaya T, McCormack GR, Hadgraft N, Sugiyama T, Owen N, Oka K. Workplace neighbourhood built-environment attributes and sitting at work and for transport among Japanese desk-based workers. Sci Rep 2022; 12:195. [PMID: 34996917 PMCID: PMC8741887 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03071-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Workplace settings—both internal and external—can influence how workers are physically active or sedentary. Although research has identified some indoor environmental attributes associated with sitting at work, few studies have examined associations of workplace neighbourhood built-environment attributes with workplace sitting time. We examined the cross-sectional associations of perceived and objective workplace neighbourhood built-environment attributes with sitting time at work and for transport among desk-based workers in Japan. Data were collected from a nationwide online survey. The Abbreviated Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale (n = 2137) and Walk Score® (for a subsample of participants; n = 1163) were used to assess perceived and objective built-environment attributes of workplace neighbourhoods. Self-reported daily average sitting time at work, in cars and in public transport was measured using a Japanese validated questionnaire. Linear regression models estimated the associations of workplace neighbourhood built-environment attributes with sitting time. All perceived workplace neighbourhood built-environment attributes were positively correlated with Walk Score®. However, statistically significant associations with Walk Score® were found for sitting for transport but not for sitting at work. Workers who perceived their workplace neighbourhoods to be more walkable reported a longer time sitting at work and in public transport but a shorter sitting time in cars. Our findings suggest that walkable workplace neighbourhoods may discourage longer car use but have workplaces where workers spend a long time sitting at work. The latter finding further suggests that there may be missed opportunities for desk-based workers to reduce sitting time. Future workplace interventions to reduce sitting time may be developed, taking advantage of the opportunities to take time away from work in workplace neighbourhoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yu Lin
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan.
| | - Mohammad Javad Koohsari
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yung Liao
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan.,Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kaori Ishii
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Ai Shibata
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nakaya
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Gavin R McCormack
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan.,Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Nyssa Hadgraft
- Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Takemi Sugiyama
- Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia.,Behavioural Epidemiology Laboratory, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Neville Owen
- Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia.,Behavioural Epidemiology Laboratory, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Koichiro Oka
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
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4
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Yasunaga A, Koohsari MJ, Shibata A, Ishii K, Miyawaki R, Araki K, Oka K. Sedentary Behavior and Happiness: The Mediation Effects of Social Capital. Innov Aging 2021; 5:igab044. [PMID: 34859156 PMCID: PMC8633129 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igab044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives This study aimed to examine the associations between time spent in 6 different domains of sedentary behavior and happiness and whether social capital mediated such associations among adults and older adults living in a rural area of Japan. Research Design and Methods Cross-sectional data from 3,357 participants (mean age: 60 ± 16 years) were used. 6 domains of sedentary behavior, happiness, and social capital were assessed using a self-report questionnaire. Age-stratified multivariable linear regression models adjusted for covariates were used to examine the associations between 6 domains of sedentary behavior and happiness. For relationships where the direct effect was significant, we tested the mediating effects of 2 social capital measures. Results Among both adults and older adults, more time spent viewing television was significantly associated with lower happiness scores, and more time spent engaging in other leisure activities was significantly associated with higher happiness scores. In addition, more time spent using cell phones and computers was significantly associated with lower happiness scores among the adults. Engaging in activities with neighbors significantly mediated the relationship between other leisure activities and happiness in the adults and older adults, and between television viewing and happiness in the older adults. Discussion and Implications Our findings indicated that less television viewing and more mentally active sedentary behavior (e.g., talking with others and engaging in hobbies) were associated with greater happiness. One aspect of social capital, engaging in activities with neighbors, acts as a potential mediator for relationships between sedentary behavior and happiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akitomo Yasunaga
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Bunka Gakuen University, Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mohammad Javad Koohsari
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ai Shibata
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kaori Ishii
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Rina Miyawaki
- School of Arts and Letters, Meiji University, Suginami, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuniko Araki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Koichiro Oka
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
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5
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Kitayuguchi J, Abe T, Okuyama K, Gomi T, Okada S, Shiwaku K, Mutoh Y. Association between a hilly neighborhood environment and falls among rural older adults: a cross-sectional study. J Rural Med 2021; 16:214-221. [PMID: 34707730 PMCID: PMC8527625 DOI: 10.2185/jrm.2021-028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Falls in older adults are a major public health issue, and it is
unclear whether the neighborhood environment is associated with falls among this group.
This cross-sectional study investigated whether hilly neighborhood environmental factors
were associated with fall status (falls or fear of falling) in rural Japanese older
adults. Materials and Methods: Data obtained from 965 participants aged 65 years and
older living in Unnan City, Shimane Prefecture, Japan, in 2017 were analyzed. Fall status
was assessed based on the 1-year fall incidence (yes/no) for the past year and fear of
falling (yes/no) using a self-report questionnaire. For hilly neighborhood environmental
factors, the mean elevation and land slope were assessed using a geographic information
system. The logistic regression model examined the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence
intervals (CIs) of fall status in quartiles for elevation and land slope, respectively,
and was adjusted for confounders. Results: Falls and fear of falling were observed in 16.8% and 43.2% of
participants, respectively. Falls were associated with elevation (OR 1.99, 95% CI
1.17–3.37 for Q2 vs. Q1; OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.19–3.44 for Q3 vs. Q1) and land slope (OR 1.74,
95% CI 1.04–2.93 for Q3 vs. Q1; OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.04–2.93 for Q4 vs. Q1). Fear of falling
was associated with elevation (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.19–2.65 for Q3 vs. Q1) and land slope (OR
1.51, 95% CI 1.01–2.25 for Q4 vs. Q1). Conclusion: Our study found that elevation and land slope as hilly
neighborhood environment factors were positively associated with falls or fear of falling
among older adults living in rural Japan. Prospective observational studies that
investigate the effects of region-specific environmental factors on falls among older
adults should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kitayuguchi
- Physical Education and Medicine Research Center UNNAN, Japan
| | - Takafumi Abe
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Japan
| | - Kenta Okuyama
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Japan.,Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden
| | | | - Shinpei Okada
- Physical Education and Medicine Research Foundation, Japan
| | | | - Yoshiteru Mutoh
- The Research Institute of Health Rehabilitation of Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Ahmadi K, Amiri-Farahani L, Haghani S, Hasanpoor-Azghady SB, Pezaro S. Exploring the intensity, barriers and correlates of physical activity In Iranian pregnant women: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2021; 7:e001020. [PMID: 34691760 PMCID: PMC8496388 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2020-001020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To determine the intensity, barriers and correlates of physical activity (PA) in Iranian pregnant women. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out with 300 eligible pregnant women referred to the Ilam health centres and bases using stratified random sampling with proportional allocation. Data collection tools included a demographic and obstetrical history questionnaire, the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale. The association between demographic and obstetrical characteristics and PA intensity and barriers were studied using multiple linear regression models. Results The mean and SD of the total score of PA intensity were 47.15 and 26.25 metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-hour/week, respectively. The highest and the lowest barriers were related to the time expenditure (42.77±18.04) and family discouragement (50.72±24.99) constructs, respectively. The PA intensity was significantly associated with prepregnancy or early pregnancy body mass index (B=25.6), ethnicity (B=16.94), level of education (B=−8.77), number of children (B=5.95), gestational age (B=0.81), participation in childbirth preparation classes (B=−11.27), habitual exercise before pregnancy (B=6.09), income (B=−9.22). The PA barriers were significantly associated with ethnicity (B=−4.96), income (B=2.23) and habitual exercise before pregnancy (B =−1.35). Conclusion PA intensity may be enhanced by encouraging individuals to be more physically active before pregnancy. Additionally, strategies to enhance support from friends and family to engage in PA throughout pregnancy and PA interventions focused on women with lower levels of income and education are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayon Ahmadi
- Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Amiri-Farahani
- Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Haghani
- Department of Biostatistics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sally Pezaro
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health, Centre for Arts Memory and Communities, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
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7
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Abe T, Okuyama K, Hamano T, Kamada M, Isomura M, Nabika T, Miyazaki R. Association between hilliness and walking speed in community-dwelling older Japanese adults: A cross-sectional study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2021; 97:104510. [PMID: 34487955 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2021.104510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This cross-sectional study investigated the association between hilliness and walking speed in community-dwelling older adults, and whether it varied according to their car-driving status. METHODS Data were collected from 590 participants aged 65 and older living in Okinoshima Town, Shimane prefecture, Japan, in 2018. Comfortable walking speed (m/s) was objectively assessed. Hilliness was measured by the mean land slope (degree) within a 500-m or 1000-m network buffer around each participant's home using a geographic information system. A multiple linear regression examined whether the land slope was associated with walking speed, adjusted for sex, age, body mass index, smoking habits, alcohol consumption habits, exercise habits, chronic disease, and living arrangements. A stratified analysis by car-driving status was also conducted. RESULTS After adjusting for all confounders, the land slope within the 500-m or 1000-m network buffer was negatively associated with walking speed (B = -0.007, 95% CI [-0.011, -0.002]; B = -0.007, 95% CI [-0.011, -0.003], respectively). The stratified analysis by car-driving status showed that living in a hilly area was negatively associated with walking speed among non-drivers in the 500-m or 1000-m network buffer (B = -0.011, 95% CI [-0.017, -0.004]; B = -0.012, 95% CI [-0.019, -0.006]), though there were no associations among drivers. CONCLUSIONS A hilly environment is positively associated with slow walking speed in community-dwelling older adults in Japan. Moreover, car-driving status potentially modifies the relationship between living in a hilly environment and slow walking speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Abe
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, 223-8 Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane 693-8501, Japan.
| | - Kenta Okuyama
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, 223-8 Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane 693-8501, Japan; Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamano
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, 223-8 Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane 693-8501, Japan; Department of Sports Sociology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Sociology, Kyoto Sangyo University, Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Kamada
- Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Minoru Isomura
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, 223-8 Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane 693-8501, Japan; Faculty of Human Sciences, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue-shi, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Toru Nabika
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, 223-8 Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane 693-8501, Japan; Department of Functional Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Ryo Miyazaki
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, 223-8 Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane 693-8501, Japan; Faculty of Human Sciences, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue-shi, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
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8
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Asiamah N, Opuni FF, Muhonja F, Danquah E, Agyemang SM, Agyemang I, Omisore A, Mensah HK, Hatsu S, Baffoe RS, Eku E, Manu CA. The relationship between job components, neighbourhood walkability and African academics' physical activity: a post-COVID-19 context. Health Promot Int 2021; 37:6323905. [PMID: 34279619 PMCID: PMC8411380 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daab090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Research to date suggests that physical activity (PA) among academics is insufficient globally. Academics in many African countries were recently required to resume work while observing social distancing protocols. Physical inactivity (PI) was, therefore, expected to increase in such academics. Interestingly, walkable neighbourhoods are resources that could discourage excessive sitting and PI in this situation. This study, therefore, assessed the moderating role of neighbourhood walkability in the relationship between core job components (i.e. on-site teaching, online teaching, research and student assessment) and PA among academics. The study adopted a cross-sectional design that utilized an online survey hosted by Google Forms to gather data. Participants were volunteer full-time academics in Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya and Tanzania. A total of 1064 surveys were analysed, with a sensitivity analysis utilized to select covariates for the ultimate hierarchical linear regression model. After controlling for the ultimate covariates (e.g. gender, education and income), PA was found to be positively associated with the job component 'research work' but negatively associated with student assessment. Neighbourhood walkability increased the positive relationship of research work with PA and reduced the negative relationship of student assessment with PA. The non-significant negative relationship between 'teaching online' and PA was made positively significant by neighbourhood walkability. We conclude that research as a job component is positively associated with PA, but online teaching is negatively associated with PA among African academics in a post-COVID-19 context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nestor Asiamah
- University of Portsmouth, School of Health and Care Professions, Winston Churchill Ave, Portsmouth PO1 2UP, UK.,Africa Centre for Epidemiology, Accra Ghana, P. O. Box AN 16284, Accra North, Ghana
| | | | - Faith Muhonja
- School of Public Health, Mount Kenya University, Kenya
| | - Emelia Danquah
- Logistics and Supply Chain Management, Koforidua Technical University, Koforidua, Ghana
| | - Simon Mawulorm Agyemang
- Department of Physical Education and Health, Abetifi Presbyterian College of Education, Ghana
| | - Irene Agyemang
- Student Affairs, West African Postgraduate College of Pharmacists, Accra, Ghana
| | - Akinlolu Omisore
- Department of Community Medicine, Osun State University, Nigeria
| | - Henry Kofi Mensah
- Human Resources and Organizational Development, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Sylvester Hatsu
- Department of Computer Science, Accra Technical University, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Eric Eku
- Department of Behavioural Epidemiology, University of Education, Winneba, Institute for Distance Education and E-learning, Winneba, Ghana
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9
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The moderating influences of social networks on the relationship between neighbourhood walkability and sedentary behaviour in community-dwelling older adults in Accra, Ghana. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-021-01582-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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10
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Abe T, Okuyama K, Hamano T, Takeda M, Yamasaki M, Isomura M, Nakano K, Sundquist K, Nabika T. Assessing the Impact of a Hilly Environment on Depressive Symptoms among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094520. [PMID: 33923194 PMCID: PMC8123156 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although some neighborhood environmental factors have been found to affect depressive symptoms, few studies have focused on the impact of living in a hilly environment, i.e., land slope, on depressive symptoms among rural older adults. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate whether a land slope is associated with depressive symptoms among older adults living in rural areas. Data were collected from 935 participants, aged 65 years and older, who lived in Shimane prefecture, Japan. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and defined on the basis of an SDS score ≥ 40. Land slopes within a 400 m network buffer were assessed using geographic information systems. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of depressive symptoms were estimated using logistic regression. A total of 215 (23.0%) participants reported depressive symptoms. The land slope was positively associated with depressive symptoms (OR = 1.04; 95% CI = 1.01-1.08) after adjusting for all confounders. In a rural setting, living in a hillier environment was associated with depressive symptoms among community-dwelling older adults in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Abe
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Shimane 693-8501, Japan; (K.O.); (T.H.); (M.T.); (M.Y.); (M.I.); (K.N.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-853-20-2586
| | - Kenta Okuyama
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Shimane 693-8501, Japan; (K.O.); (T.H.); (M.T.); (M.Y.); (M.I.); (K.N.); (K.S.)
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamano
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Shimane 693-8501, Japan; (K.O.); (T.H.); (M.T.); (M.Y.); (M.I.); (K.N.); (K.S.)
- Department of Sports Sociology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Sociology, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Miwako Takeda
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Shimane 693-8501, Japan; (K.O.); (T.H.); (M.T.); (M.Y.); (M.I.); (K.N.); (K.S.)
| | - Masayuki Yamasaki
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Shimane 693-8501, Japan; (K.O.); (T.H.); (M.T.); (M.Y.); (M.I.); (K.N.); (K.S.)
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Shimane University, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Minoru Isomura
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Shimane 693-8501, Japan; (K.O.); (T.H.); (M.T.); (M.Y.); (M.I.); (K.N.); (K.S.)
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Shimane University, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Nakano
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Shimane 693-8501, Japan; (K.O.); (T.H.); (M.T.); (M.Y.); (M.I.); (K.N.); (K.S.)
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Shimane 693-8501, Japan; (K.O.); (T.H.); (M.T.); (M.Y.); (M.I.); (K.N.); (K.S.)
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-5674, USA
| | - Toru Nabika
- Department of Functional Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Shimane 693-8501, Japan;
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11
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Jeon Y, Han KW, Lee WS, Baek JH. Outcomes of Surgical and Nonsurgical Treatment for Colorectal Cancer in Nonagenarian Patients. Am Surg 2021; 88:1269-1276. [PMID: 33666101 DOI: 10.1177/0003134821995060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study is aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of surgical treatment for nonagenarian patients with colorectal cancer. METHODS This retrospective single-center study included patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer at the age of ≥90 years between 2004 and 2018. Patient demographics were compared between the operation and nonoperation groups (NOG). Perioperative outcomes, histopathological outcomes, and postoperative complications were evaluated. Overall survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier methods and log-rank test. RESULTS A total of 31 patients were included (16 men and 15 women), and the median age was 91 (range: 90-96) years. The number of patients who underwent surgery and who received nonoperative management was 20 and 11, respectively. No statistical differences in baseline demographics were observed between both groups. None of these patients were treated with perioperative chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Surgery comprised 18 (90.0%) colectomies and 2 (10.0%) transanal excisions. Short-term (≤30 days) and long-term (31-90 days) postoperative complications occurred in 7 (35.0%) and 4 (20.0%) patients, respectively. No complications needed reoperation, such as anastomosis leakage or bleeding. No postoperative mortality occurred within 30 days: 90-day postoperative mortality occurred in two patients (10.0%), respectively. The median overall survival of the operation group was 31.6 (95% confidence interval: 26.7-36.5) and that of NOG was 12.5 months (95% CI: 2.4-22.6) (P = 0.012). CONCLUSION Surgical treatment can be considered in carefully selected nonagenarian patients with colorectal cancer in terms of acceptable postoperative morbidity, with better overall survival than the nonsurgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngbae Jeon
- Department of Surgery, Gil Medical Center, 65437Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Won Han
- Department of Surgery, Gil Medical Center, 65437Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Suk Lee
- Department of Surgery, Gil Medical Center, 65437Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Heum Baek
- Department of Surgery, Gil Medical Center, 65437Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Koohsari MJ, McCormack GR, Nakaya T, Shibata A, Ishii K, Yasunaga A, Liao Y, Oka K. Walking-friendly built environments and objectively measured physical function in older adults. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2020; 9:651-656. [PMID: 33308816 PMCID: PMC7749248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined the associations between urban design attributes and older adults' physical function. Especially, it is not well known how built-environment attributes may influence physical function in Asian cities. The aim of this study was to examine associations between objectively measured environmental attributes of walkability and objectively assessed physical function in a sample of Japanese older adults. METHODS Cross-sectional data collected in 2013 from 314 older residents (aged 65-84 years) living in Japan were used. Physical function was estimated from objectively measured upper- and lower-body function, mobility, and balance by a trained research team member. A comprehensive list of built-environment attributes, including population density, availability of destinations, intersection density, and distance to the nearest public transport station, were objectively calculated. Walk Score as a composite measure of neighborhood walkability was also obtained. RESULTS Among men, higher population density, availability of destinations, and intersection density were significantly associated with better physical function performance (1-legged stance with eyes open). Higher Walk Score was also marginally associated with better physical function performance (1-legged stance with eyes open). None of the environmental attributes were associated with physical function in elderly women. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that environmental attributes of walkability are associated with the physical function of elderly men in the context of Asia. Walking-friendly neighborhoods can not only promote older adults' active behaviors but can also support their physical function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Koohsari
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan; Behavioural Epidemiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Gavin R McCormack
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada; Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada; School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Tomoki Nakaya
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-0845, Japan
| | - Ai Shibata
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8574, Japan
| | - Kaori Ishii
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan
| | - Akitomo Yasunaga
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Bunka Gakuen University, Tokyo 151-8523, Japan
| | - Yung Liao
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan
| | - Koichiro Oka
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan
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Association between ageing population, median age, life expectancy and mortality in coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:24570-24578. [PMID: 33232270 PMCID: PMC7803535 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As of May 5, 2020, the number of confirmed coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases has been more than 3.5 million with 243,540 deaths. We aimed to determine the associations between ageing population, median age, life expectancy at birth and COVID-19 mortality. The numbers of COVID-19 cases and deaths in the European region were obtained from the World Health Organization database. The data on percentage of the population aged 65 and over, median age and life expectancy at birth were extracted from the World Factbook of Central Intelligence Agency. A total of 56 countries/areas in the Europe reported COVID-19 cases and deaths (1,121,853 cases and 100,938 deaths) on April 20, 2020. The results showed significant positive associations between COVID-19 mortality and ageing population (r =0.274; P =0.021), median age (r =0.255; P=0.029), male median age (r =0.284; P =0.017), female median age (r =0.224; P=0.049), life expectancy at birth (r =0.336; P=0.006), male life expectancy at birth (r =0.342; P=0.005), female life expectancy at birth (r =0.312; P=0.01) in the 56 European countries/areas. This study illustrated that COVID-19 mortality was positively associated with ageing population, median age, and life expectancy at birth.
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Built environment correlates of objectively-measured sedentary behaviours in densely-populated areas. Health Place 2020; 66:102447. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Kim DE, Lim HS, Ahn H, Kim YS, Park YK. Sex Differences in the Association between Living Environmental Factors and Nutritional Status in Community-Dwelling Elderly Koreans. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176034. [PMID: 32825086 PMCID: PMC7504555 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The association between nutritional status and living environment among 703 community-dwelling participants (268 men and 435 women) aged 65 years and older was assessed. In this cross-sectional survey study, living environmental factors, health-related factors, and nutrition (the Nutrition Quotient for the Elderly scores; NQ-E) were assessed. NQ-E scores were significantly higher in men than women, as were diversity and behavior factor scores (diversity: men, 50.2 ± 16.1; women, 44.1 ± 17.5; behavior: men, 59.3 ± 16.9; women, 54.1 ± 16.6). Participants living with a spouse and engaging in frequent sports activities had significantly higher adjusted odds ratio (OR) for having a high NQ-E than those who lived alone and engaged in restful activities and hobbies (men: adjusted OR for high NQ-E = 8.99; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.35-59.56; women: adjusted OR for high NQ-E = 5.62; 95%CI: 2.36-13.38). We confirmed that women's nutritional status, unlike men's, was better when proper nutrition education was provided and when food security was guaranteed. For all participants, social activities and networks were important for maintaining good nutritional status and a healthy life. We suggest that different nutritional management strategies are needed for elderly people depending on sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Eun Kim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduated School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (D.E.K.); (H.A.)
| | - Hee-Sook Lim
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Yeonsung University, Anyang 14011, Korea;
| | - Hyejin Ahn
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduated School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (D.E.K.); (H.A.)
- New Aging Center, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Young Sun Kim
- New Aging Center, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
- Department of Gerontology, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.S.K.); (Y.K.P.)
| | - Yoo Kyoung Park
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduated School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (D.E.K.); (H.A.)
- New Aging Center, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.S.K.); (Y.K.P.)
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Asiamah N, Kouveliotis K, Eduafo R, Borkey R. The Influence of Community-Level Built Environment Factors on Active Social Network Size in Older Adults: Social Activity as a Moderator. INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY OF COMMUNITY HEALTH EDUCATION 2020; 41:77-87. [DOI: 10.1177/0272684x20915379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background This study examined the influence of built environmental factors in the community on active social network size as well as the moderating influence of different dimensions of social activity on this relationship. Methods This study employed the cross-sectional and correlational approaches to construct a scale measuring key community-level built environment factors and test the moderating influence of social activity on the association between these factors and active social network size in older adults. The study population was all 3,211 older adults who were resident in Accra and were part of the database of the Social Security and National Insurance Trust. Participants were 515 older adults in Accra aged 60 years or more who met some inclusion criteria. A self-reported questionnaire, including a new scale measuring the built environment factors, was used to collect data. Principal component analysis with varimax rotation and confirmatory factor analysis were used to validate the measurement scales, whereas Pearson’s correlation test and multiple linear regression analysis were used to test the associations of interest. Results After controlling for relevant demographic variables, built environment factors in the community have no significant influence on active social network size. Volunteering, support for social ties, and group activity positively moderated the influence of built environment factors on active social network size at p < .05 and β ≥ 0.2. Conclusion The study concludes that social activity is essential to the utilization of available built environmental factors by older adults to make active social ties in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nestor Asiamah
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatric Care, Africa Centre for Epidemiology, Accra North, Ghana
| | - Kyriakos Kouveliotis
- Department of Health Care Management, International Telematic University Uninettuno, Rome, Italy
| | - Richard Eduafo
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatric Care, Africa Centre for Epidemiology, Accra North, Ghana
| | - Richard Borkey
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatric Care, Africa Centre for Epidemiology, Accra North, Ghana
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Asiamah N, Kouveliotis K, Eduafo R, Borkey R. Psychometric Properties of a New Scale Measuring Neglect and Abuse of Older Adults in the Community: Implications for Social Activity. INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY OF COMMUNITY HEALTH EDUCATION 2020; 41:163-172. [DOI: 10.1177/0272684x20915384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Neglect and abuse of older adults are still prevalent in communities of developing countries, a situation that could discourage active and healthy behaviors in community-dwelling older adults. Methods This study used the cross-sectional and correlational approaches to construct a scale measuring neglect and abuse in older adults living in the community. The study population was all (3,211) older adults who were resident in Accra and were part of the database of the Social Security and National Insurance Trust. Participants were 515 individuals who met some inclusion criteria. Three steps were followed to determine an initial set of 11 items, and principal component analysis with varimax rotation and confirmatory factor analysis were used to select relevant items and assess the psychometric properties of the final scale. Results Principal component analysis with varimax rotation yielded a two-factor solution on all 11 items. The first factor extracted was “discrimination and exploitation,” which accounted for a variance of 53.9% out of total variance of 70.8%. The scale had a good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = .90, factor loading ≥0.50). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the two-factor solution and produced satisfactory convergent and discriminant validity. Conclusion It is concluded that 11 items that make up 2 factors are potential indicators of neglect and abuse of older adults at the community level. Finally, neglect and abuse of older people in the community can contribute to an increase or decrease in social activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nestor Asiamah
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatric Care, Africa Centre for Epidemiology, Accra North, Ghana
| | - Kyriakos Kouveliotis
- Department of Health Care Management, International Telematic University Uninettuno, Rome, Italy
| | - Richard Eduafo
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatric Care, Africa Centre for Epidemiology, Accra North, Ghana
| | - Richard Borkey
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatric Care, Africa Centre for Epidemiology, Accra North, Ghana
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Abe T, Okuyama K, Hamano T, Takeda M, Isomura M, Nabika T. Hilly environment and physical activity among community-dwelling older adults in Japan: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e033338. [PMID: 32220911 PMCID: PMC7170569 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated whether a moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) level and walking time were associated with a hilly environment in rural Japanese older adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Unnan city, Ohnan and Okinoshima towns in Shimane, Japan. PARTICIPANTS Data were collected from 1115 adults from the Shimane CoHRE study, who were aged 60 years and older and living in rural Japan in 2012. MEASURES We measured the total time spent on MVPA and walking using a Japanese short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The land slope in 400 or 800 m network buffers was assessed using the geographic information system. A multivariable Poisson regression model examined the prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% CIs of walking time or MVPA levels meeting the WHO guideline (>150 min/week) in the land slope categories (low, middle and high), adjusted for confounders. RESULTS Engaging in the recommended level of MVPA was significantly associated with middle land slope (PR=1.07; p=0.03) and high land slope (PR=1.06; p=0.07) compared with low land slope in the 400 m network buffer, as well as with middle land slope (PR=1.02; p=0.48) and high land slope (PR=1.04; p=0.25) compared with the low land slope in the 800 m network buffer. Walking time was significantly associated with middle land slope (PR=1.13; p=0.04) and high land slope (PR=1.17; p=0.01) compared with low land slope in the 400 m network buffer, and with middle land slope (PR=1.09; p=0.16) and high land slope (PR=1.17; p<0.01) compared with low land slope in the 800 m network buffer. The sensitivity analysis found only a positive association between walking time and land slope in the 400 and 800 m network buffers. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that a hilly environment was positively associated with walking time among older adults living in rural Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Abe
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Kenta Okuyama
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamano
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
- Department of Sports Sociology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Sociology, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kita-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Miwako Takeda
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Minoru Isomura
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan
| | - Toru Nabika
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
- Department of Functional Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
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Kim EJ, Kim J, Kim H. Does Environmental Walkability Matter? The Role of Walkable Environment in Active Commuting. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E1261. [PMID: 32075326 PMCID: PMC7068548 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Since walkability plays an important role in active commuting, several cities are actively promoting its integration into urban and environmental planning policies. This study examined the association between walkability and active commuting in Seoul, Korea. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to examine the correlation between Walkability Score and the probability of active commuting after controlling for individual variables. The analysis used 129,044 individual samples nested within 424 administrative districts (dongs). In this study, three models were tested: Model 1 contained only individual variables, Model 2 contained individual variables and Walkability Score, and Model 3 included neighborhood-level variables in addition to the variables of Model 2. The results showed that the Walkability Score was significantly correlated with the odds of active commuting. Specifically, every additional one-point increase in Walkability Score was associated with 0.3% higher odds of active commuting (Model 2: odds ratio (OR) = 1.003, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.001-1.005; Model 3: OR = 1.003, 95% CI = 1.001-1.006). Additionally, public transportation density was also positively correlated with the odds of active commuting. The odds of active commuting were positively correlated with younger age, female, lower-income, and having no car. Based on the findings, policy recommendations in urban planning and design, transport engineering, and environmental planning are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Kim
- Department of Urban Planning, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea; (E.J.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Jiyeong Kim
- Department of Urban Planning, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea; (E.J.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Hyunjung Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Kushida Y, Omori K, Muramatsu KI, Nagasawa H, Takeuchi I, Jitsuiki K, Ohsaka H, Oode Y, Ito H, Yanagawa Y. Epidemiology of a Femur Shaft Fracture in an Acute Critical Care Center in a Rural Area of Japan. Open Orthop J 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1874325001913010295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose:
Japan has the most rapidly aging population in the world. As of 2017, the number of people ≥65 years of age in Japan was 35.1 million, constituting 27.7% of the total population. The purpose of the study was to investigate the epidemiology in patients with a femur shaft fracture in a rural area with a super-aging population.
Methods:
Electronic medical charts from January 2011 to March 2019 were retrospectively reviewed for all patients with the main disease of ‘femur shaft fracture’ who had been transported to Numazu City Hospital. Subjects were divided into two groups based on the mechanism of injury: a Low-Energy (LE) group, which included patients who had been injured by falling down or suffered a fracture while walking; and a High-Energy (HE) group, which included patients who had been injured by traffic accidents or free fall from a high place (over 3 m). The variables were compared between the two groups.
Results:
During the investigation period, there were 58 patients with the femur shaft fracture, including 28 patients in the HE group and 30 in the LE group. The male ratio, injury severity score and ratio of open fracture in the HE group were significantly greater than in the LE group. The age and systolic blood pressure in the HE group were significantly lower than in the LE group.
Conclusion:
Among patients with femur shaft fracture in the acute critical care center in a rural area of Japan, where the population is super-aging, the frequency of HE and LE femur shaft fracture was almost the same. The fragility of the femur shaft in elderly people may explain this tendency.
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Koohsari MJ, Nakaya T, McCormack GR, Shibata A, Ishii K, Yasunaga A, Liao Y, Oka K. Dog-walking in dense compact areas: The role of neighbourhood built environment. Health Place 2019; 61:102242. [PMID: 31753577 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.102242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is a dearth of evidence about how high-density living may influence dog-walking behaviour. We examined associations between neighbourhood built environment attributes and dog-ownership and dog-walking behaviour in Japan. Data from 1058 participants were used. The dog-ownership was 18.8%. All neighbourhood built attributes (excluding availability of parks) were negatively associated with dog-ownership. Among dog-owners, these same attributes were positively associated with any dog-walking in a usual week and with achieving 150-min per week of physical activity through dog-walking alone. These findings provided evidence on the importance of neighbourhood built environment attributes on dog-ownership and dog-walking behaviour in dense and compact areas. The urban design and public health implication of these findings is that the built environment attributes in high-density living areas may have different impacts on dog-ownership and dog-walking: while living in a walkable neighbourhood may not be conducive to dog-ownership, it may support dog-walking in such areas. Programs targeting dog-owners in high-density areas might be needed to encourage them to walk their dogs more. If successful, these programs could contribute to higher physical activity levels among dog-owners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Koohsari
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Japan; Behavioural Epidemiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Australia; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Tomoki Nakaya
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Japan.
| | - Gavin R McCormack
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Canada; Faculty of Environmental Design, University of Calgary, Canada.
| | - Ai Shibata
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - Kaori Ishii
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Japan.
| | - Akitomo Yasunaga
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Bunka Gakuen University, Japan.
| | - Yung Liao
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan.
| | - Koichiro Oka
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Japan.
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Rochon PA, Stall NM, Holmes HM. Drug Therapy and Frailty: Chicken or the Egg? J Am Geriatr Soc 2019; 67:2441-2443. [DOI: 10.1111/jgs.16213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula A. Rochon
- Women's College Research InstituteWomen's College Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of MedicineUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Health PolicyManagement, and EvaluationUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Nathan M. Stall
- Women's College Research InstituteWomen's College Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of MedicineUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Health PolicyManagement, and EvaluationUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Holly M. Holmes
- Division of Geriatric and Palliative MedicineMcGovern Medical SchoolUniversity of Texas Health Science Center Houston Texas
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Hino K, Taniguchi A, Hanazato M, Takagi D. Modal Shift from Cars and Promotion of Walking by Providing Pedometers in Yokohama City, Japan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16122144. [PMID: 31212994 PMCID: PMC6616637 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16122144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mobility management is a transportation policy aiming to change travel behavior from car use to sustainable transportation modes while increasing people’s physical activity. Providing pedometers and visualizing step counts, popular interventions in public health practice, may constitute a mobility management program. However, the ease of modal shifts and changeability of walking habits differ across neighborhood environments. Using questionnaire data from 2023 middle-aged and older participants from Yokohama, Japan, in May 2017, this study examined (1) the relationship between the physical and social environments of Yokohama Walking Point Program participants who volunteered to use free pedometers and their modal shifts from cars to walking and public transport, and (2) whether participants’ modal shifts were associated with increases in step counts. Multivariate categorical regression analyses identified the frequency of greetings and conversations with neighbors as well as health motivation as important explanatory variables in both analyses. Participants living in neighborhoods far from railway stations and in neighborhoods with a high bus stop density tended to shift to walking and public transport, a modal shift that was highly associated with increased step counts. These results suggest that mobility management should be promoted in collaboration with public health and city planning professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimihiro Hino
- Department of Urban Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Ayako Taniguchi
- Department of Risk Engineering, Graduate School of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.
| | - Masamichi Hanazato
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Takagi
- Graduate School of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Okuyama K, Abe T, Hamano T, Takeda M, Sundquist K, Sundquist J, Nabika T. Hilly neighborhoods are associated with increased risk of weight gain among older adults in rural Japan: a 3-years follow-up study. Int J Health Geogr 2019; 18:10. [PMID: 31077213 PMCID: PMC6509780 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-019-0174-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neighborhood environments have been regularly associated with the weight status. Although the evidence is mostly limited to adults residing in western urban settings, the weight status of older adults living in rural areas is also assumed to be significantly affected by their neighborhood environments. This study aimed to identify environmental attributes specific to rural areas that could affect the risk of longitudinal weight gain among older adults (≥ 65 years) in Japan. Methods We examined five environmental attributes, i.e., land slope, public transportation accessibility, residential density, intersection density, and the availability of parks and recreational centers, measured by the geographic information system. Our analysis was based on 714 subjects participated in Shimane Community-based Healthcare Research and Education study in 2012 and 2015. Multinomial logistic regression model was conducted to examine the association between each neighborhood environmental attribute and weight change status (gain, loss and unchanged). Results We observed a significant increase in the risk of weight gain as the steepness of the neighborhood land slope increased. There was no significant association between other environmental attributes and risk of weight gain as well as weight loss among older adults. Conclusion Living in hilly neighborhoods was associated with increased risk of weight gain among rural Japanese older adults. Future research should consider region-specific environmental attributes when investigating their effect on older adults’ weight status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Okuyama
- Center for Community-based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, 223-8 Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan.
| | - Takafumi Abe
- Center for Community-based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, 223-8 Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamano
- Department of Sports Sociology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Sociology, Kyoto Sangyo University, Motoyama, Kamigamo Kita-ku, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan
| | - Miwako Takeda
- Center for Community-based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, 223-8 Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Clinical Research Centre (CRC), Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Building 28, Floor 11, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Clinical Research Centre (CRC), Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Building 28, Floor 11, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Toru Nabika
- Department of Functional Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1, Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
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