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Ricciardelli R, Taillieu TL, McElheran M, Cramm H, Ajith H, Johnston MS, Carleton RN. Sleep quality and mental disorder symptoms among correctional workers in Ontario, Canada. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14963. [PMID: 38942803 PMCID: PMC11213858 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65891-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Correctional workers (CWs) report high levels of work stressors, frequent exposures to potentially psychologically traumatic events (PPTEs), and substantial mental health challenges. There is evidence of associations between sleep disturbances and diverse mental health challenges, including preliminary evidence from public safety personnel; however, replications and extensions would better inform interventions to support mental health. The current study was designed to examine associations between quality of sleep, work stress, and mental health disorders in a sample of diverse CWs employed in a provincial correctional service in Ontario, Canada. Data were analyzed from 943 CWs who participated in the cross-sectional, web-based Ontario Provincial Correctional Worker Mental Health and Well-Being Study conducted from December 2017 to June 2018. Sleep quality indicators included symptoms of insomnia, total hours of sleep per night on work nights and off-shift nights, number of days feeling rested per week, and overall sleep quality. Descriptive statistics, analyses of variance, correlational analyses, and logistic regression were used to examine relationships among sleep quality, stress of shift work, and mental health disorder symptoms. CWs slept an average of 6.0 h per night when working and 7.2 h during off-shift nights. CWs reported waking up feeling rested an average of 2.6 days per week and rated their overall quality of sleep in the fair to poor range. Many CWs (64.9%) screened positive for clinically significant symptoms of insomnia. There were also differences across occupational groups such that CWs working as correctional officers reported the most sleep problems. There were statistically significant relationships between insomnia and mental health disorder symptoms. Higher levels of stress from shift work were associated with worse sleep quality. CWs, especially those working as correctional officers in a provincial prison, reported many indicators consistent with poorer quality of sleep. Poor quality of sleep was also associated with work stress and mental health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary Ricciardelli
- School of Maritime Studies, Fisheries and Marine Institute, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 155 Ridge Road, St. John's, NL, A1C 5R3, Canada.
| | - Tamara L Taillieu
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | | - Heidi Cramm
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Harsha Ajith
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Matthew S Johnston
- School of Maritime Studies, Fisheries and Marine Institute, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
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Petrofsky LA, Heffernan CM, Gregg BT, Smith-Forbes EV, Sturdivant RX. Sleep and Military Leaders: Examining the Values, Beliefs, and Quality of Sleep and the Impact on Occupational Performance. Mil Med 2024; 189:1023-1031. [PMID: 36919969 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usad040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sleep deprivation is rampant within the military population, and insufficient sleep can lead to physical and mental health problems impacting soldier's readiness and deployability. Past research has shown the importance of leadership's role in subordinates' sleep health. Understanding the values, beliefs, and quality of military leader sleep is essential to the development of effective interventions to optimize occupational performance and overall sleep health. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the military leaders' values, beliefs, and sleep quality and the impact on occupational performance. The authors aimed to (1) identify military leaders' sleep quality and beliefs; (2) explore the relationship between military leaders' sleep quality, beliefs and attitudes about sleep, and impact on occupational performance; and (3) examine the value leaders place on sleep for themselves and subordinates in relation to occupational performance. MATERIALS AND METHODS This observational, mixed-methods study design recruited a convenience sample of 109 Army active duty medical service members currently serving in a leadership role. Participants completed an electronic survey to include general demographic information and three self-report measures: the Pittsburgh Quality of Sleep Index, the Dysfunctional Beliefs about Sleep, and the Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire. Eleven participants completed the semi-structured qualitative interview focusing on sleep values and the impacts on performance. Univariate and multivariate regressions were performed for statistical analysis of the quantitative survey data, whereas thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative interview data. This study was approved by the U.S. Army Medical Center of Excellence Institutional Review Board. RESULTS Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated small-to-medium effect sizes (R2 = 0.355-0.559) for relationships between sleep quality, sleep beliefs, functional performance, and demographic variables. More specifically, military grade, position, use of alcohol, time in service, and gender were all found to contribute significantly to scores on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Dysfunctional Beliefs About Sleep Scale-16, and the Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire-10 (P < .05). Qualitative data resulted in three primary themes: (1) Poor sleep degrades performance, (2) sleep is a top priority, and (3) leaders have a responsibility for subordinates' sleep health. CONCLUSIONS This sample of military leaders was found to perceive themselves as poor-quality sleepers despite demonstrating more functional attitudes and beliefs about sleep and reporting normal-to-mild impairments in daily functioning as a result of daytime sleepiness. Furthermore, findings suggest that leaders' sleep quality and beliefs stand to be further improved, whereas their sleep values need to be consistently demonstrated to subordinates. With a clearer understanding of military leaders' values, beliefs, and sleep quality, future research could focus on implementing and developing holistically based and individualized sleep interventions intended to optimize performance and sleep health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyddia A Petrofsky
- U.S. Army Medical Center of Excellence, San Antonio, TX 78234, USA
- U.S. Army-Baylor University, San Antonio, TX 78234, USA
| | - Corinne M Heffernan
- U.S. Army Medical Center of Excellence, San Antonio, TX 78234, USA
- U.S. Army-Baylor University, San Antonio, TX 78234, USA
| | - Brian T Gregg
- U.S. Army-Baylor University, San Antonio, TX 78234, USA
| | - Enrique V Smith-Forbes
- U.S. Army Medical Center of Excellence, San Antonio, TX 78234, USA
- U.S. Army-Baylor University, San Antonio, TX 78234, USA
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Bezie AE, Getachew Yenealem D, Asega Belay A, Bitew Abie A, Abebaw T, Melaku C, Mamaye Y, Hailu Tesfaye A. Prevalence of work-related burnout and associated factors among police officers in central Gondar zone, Northwest Ethiopia, 2023. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1355625. [PMID: 38716240 PMCID: PMC11074469 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1355625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Work-related burnout is a state of physical and psychological fatigue and exhaustion resulting from chronic workplace stress related to work. The police workforce is vulnerable to this psychosocial hazard, which affects service delivery by police workers. However, there is little evidence about the prevalence of work-related burnout and associated factors among police officers in Ethiopia. Therefore, this research investigated the prevalence and predictor variables of work-related burnout among police officers in central Gondar zone, Northwest Ethiopia, 2023. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was carried out from April 12 to May 12, 2023. A sample of 633 police officers was recruited through multistage random sampling techniques. To measure work-related burnout, a standardized, self-administered Copenhagen Burnout Inventory was used. To enter the collected data, EpiData V 4.6 and to analyze SPSS V 26 were used. To examine the association between work-related burnout and its predictor variables, both bivariable (p < 0.2) and multivariable (<0.05) logistic regression analyses were performed, and statistical significance was established via multivariable logistic regression. Results The response rate in this study was 96.05% (n = 608). The majority, 452 (74.3%) of the police officers, were male; the median (IQR) age of participants was 28. In the past six months, 45.7% of the police officers had experienced work-related burnout (n = 278). Being female, having a high job demand, having a high level of organizational police stress, having a moderate level of operational police stress, having a high level of operational police stress, experiencing job dissatisfaction, and sleeping troubles were risk factors significantly related to the occurrence of work-related burnout among police officers. Conclusion According to this study, a significant number of police officers suffer from burnout due to their work. Police officers' work-related burnout was found to be influenced by factors such as sex, job demands, job satisfaction, workplace stress, organizational police stress, and sleeping troubles. To address this problem, improving the handling of work pressure, developing a stress management program, finding joy at work by improving interpersonal relationships and working conditions, offering support and inspiration to female police officers, and ensuring sufficient and restful sleep are advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmut Endalkachew Bezie
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Dawit Getachew Yenealem
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Azanaw Asega Belay
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Alebachew Bitew Abie
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Tadiwos Abebaw
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Christian Melaku
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Yimer Mamaye
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Amensisa Hailu Tesfaye
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Krizan Z, Jones M. Investigative fatigue: how sleep-circadian factors shape criminal investigations. SLEEP ADVANCES : A JOURNAL OF THE SLEEP RESEARCH SOCIETY 2024; 5:zpae017. [PMID: 38559774 PMCID: PMC10980285 DOI: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpae017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Investigating criminal complaints and identifying culprits to be prosecuted in the court of law is an essential process for law-enforcement and public safety. However, law-enforcement investigators operate under very challenging conditions due to stressful environments, understaffing, and public scrutiny, which factors into investigative errors (e.g. uncleared cases). This paper argues that one contributing factor to investigative failures involves sleep and circadian disruption of investigators themselves, known to be prevalent among law-enforcement. By focusing on investigative interviewing, this analysis illustrates how sleep and circadian disruption could impact investigations by considering three broad phases of (1) preparation, (2) information elicitation, and (3) assessment and corroboration. These phases are organized in a framework that outlines theory-informed pathways in need of empirical attention, with special focus on effort and decision-making processes critical to investigations. While existing evidence is limited, preliminary findings support some elements of investigative fatigue. The paper concludes by placing investigative fatigue in a broader context of investigative work while providing recommendations for future research throughout. This paper is part of the Sleep and Circadian Health in the Justice System Collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatan Krizan
- Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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Tsega SS, Kiflu M, Wubante SM, Mekonnen BD, Tarekegn YA. Sleep disturbance and its associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:51. [PMID: 38225632 PMCID: PMC10789060 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05456-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Globally, sleep disturbance is the foremost public health issue among pregnant women which might have undesirable birth outcome including neurocognitive impairment, preterm birth, low birth weight, and neonatal morbidity and mortality. In Ethiopia, inconsistent findings have been reported on the prevalence of sleep disturbance among pregnant women. Therefore, this review aims to estimate the pooled prevalence sleep disturbance and its associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia. METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies was designed according to the PRISMA guideline. A systematic search of literature was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of science, and Google Scholar using relevant searching key terms. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to evaluate the quality of all selected articles. Data were analyzed using STATA Version 14 software. Publication bias was checked using Egger's test and funnel plot. Cochran's chi-squared test and I2 values were used to assess heterogeneity. A fixed-effects model was applied during meta-analysis. RESULTS In this review, six studies were included after reviewing 17,100 articles. The pooled prevalence of sleep disturbance among pregnant women in Ethiopia was 50.43% (95%CI: 39.34-61.52). Third trimester pregnancy AOR = 4.03; 95% CI: 2.84,5.71), multigravidity (AOR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.54, 2.59), unplanned pregnancy (AOR = 2.56; 95% CI: 1.52,4.31), depression (AOR = 3.57; 95% CI: 2.04, 6.27), stress (AOR = 2.77; 95% CI: 1.57, 4.88), anxiety (AOR = 3.69; 95% CI: 1.42, 9.59) and poor sleep hygiene (AOR = 2.49; 95% CI: 1.56, 3.99) and were statistically associated with sleep disturbance among pregnant women. CONCLUSION This review revealed that the magnitude of sleep disturbance among pregnant woman in Ethiopia was relatively high and multiple factors determined the likelihood of having a disturbed sleep-awake pattern. Thus, the implementation of interventions for sleep disturbance after screening pregnant women is needed. Moreover, public health interventions targeted on the prevention of unintended pregnancy and depression during pregnancy should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sintayehu Simie Tsega
- Department of Medical Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Mekdes Kiflu
- Clinical pharmacy unit, Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Sisay Maru Wubante
- Department of Health Informatics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Yeshambel Andargie Tarekegn
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT), School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Marins EF, Caputo EL, Krüger VL, Junior DM, Scaglioni FG, Del Vecchio FB, Primo TT, Alberton CL. Effectiveness of m-health-based core strengthening exercise and health education for public safety workers with chronic non-specific low back pain: study protocol for a superiority randomized controlled trial (SAFEBACK). Trials 2023; 24:780. [PMID: 38041180 PMCID: PMC10693081 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07833-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low back pain (LBP) is the leading cause of years lived with disability worldwide. Public safety workers are highly exposed to physically demanding activities and inappropriate postures, increasing the risk of experiencing LBP. Smartphone app-based self-managed interventions may be an alternative for chronic non-specific LBP (CNSLBP) treatment. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a smartphone app-based self-managed exercise program plus health education, compared to a health education program alone, on neuromuscular and perceptual outcomes in police officers and firefighters with CNSLBP. METHODS This is a parallel, two-armed, blinded evaluator randomized clinical trial. Police officers and firefighters (from public safety institutions in the Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil) will be randomly assigned to a m-health self-managed exercise program (twice a week) plus health education or health education alone. Self-management exercise program components are mobility and core resistance exercises, available on the app. Follow-ups will be conducted post-treatment (8 weeks) and 16 weeks after randomization. The co-primary outcomes will be pain intensity and disability post-treatment (8 weeks). Secondary outcomes will be biopsychosocial factors related to CNSLBP. DISCUSSION We hypothesize that the effects of a smartphone app-based self-managed exercise program on co-primary and secondary outcomes will be superior, compared to the health education only in public safety workers with CNSLBP. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05481996. Registered on August 01, 2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo F Marins
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Physical Education School, Rua Luiz de Camões 625, Pelotas, Rio Grande Do Sul, 96055-630, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo L Caputo
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Physical Education School, Rua Luiz de Camões 625, Pelotas, Rio Grande Do Sul, 96055-630, Brazil
| | - Vitor L Krüger
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Physical Education School, Rua Luiz de Camões 625, Pelotas, Rio Grande Do Sul, 96055-630, Brazil
| | - Dirceu M Junior
- Postgraduate Program in Computing, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rua Gomes Carneiro, 1, Pelotas, Rio Grande Do Sul, 96010-610, Brazil
| | - Fabrício G Scaglioni
- Postgraduate Program in Computing, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rua Gomes Carneiro, 1, Pelotas, Rio Grande Do Sul, 96010-610, Brazil
| | - Fabricio B Del Vecchio
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Physical Education School, Rua Luiz de Camões 625, Pelotas, Rio Grande Do Sul, 96055-630, Brazil
| | - Tiago T Primo
- Postgraduate Program in Computing, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rua Gomes Carneiro, 1, Pelotas, Rio Grande Do Sul, 96010-610, Brazil
| | - Cristine L Alberton
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Physical Education School, Rua Luiz de Camões 625, Pelotas, Rio Grande Do Sul, 96055-630, Brazil
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Ye Z, Wang Y, Wu X, Chen L. How sleep disturbance is associated with Chinese police officers' job satisfaction: A moderated mediation model. Stress Health 2023; 39:902-911. [PMID: 36779304 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Tasked with a wide variety of duties, police officers often encounter stressful situations and suffer from sleep disturbance. Previous studies have found that police officers with sleep disturbance generally reported lower levels of job satisfaction; however, the psychological mechanisms by which sleep disturbance is associated with job satisfaction are still relatively underexplored. This study investigated how sleep disturbance was associated with job satisfaction via the mediation of job involvement and via the moderation of resilience among police officers. Data from a sample of 827 Chinese police officers (86.9% men) was analysed. Participants completed a written questionnaire assessing sleep disturbance, job satisfaction, job involvement, resilience, and demographic information. A moderated mediation model was conducted to examine the research questions. Sleep disturbance was negatively associated with job involvement, which, in turn, was positively associated with job satisfaction. Furthermore, both direct and indirect effects of sleep disturbance on job satisfaction were moderated by resilience. Specifically, the negative association between sleep disturbance and job satisfaction was significant only for those with low levels of resilience, but not for those with high levels of resilience. In addition, the positive association between job involvement and job satisfaction was stronger for those with higher resilience compared with those with lower resilience. The findings advance understanding of the psychological mechanisms underlying the association between sleep disturbance and job satisfaction among police officers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Ye
- School of Marxism, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinyi Wang
- School of Marxism, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Higher Education Research Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Higher Education Research Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, China
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Bai W, Gui Z, Chen MY, Zhang Q, Lam MI, Si TL, Zheng WY, Liu YF, Su Z, Cheung T, Jackson T, Li XH, Xiang YT. Global prevalence of poor sleep quality in military personnel and veterans: A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Sleep Med Rev 2023; 71:101840. [PMID: 37647751 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Poor sleep quality is prevalent among members of the military but rates of poor sleep quality vary between studies. This study examined the global prevalence of poor sleep quality in military personnel and veterans as well as possible moderators of prevalence differences between studies. PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and PsycINFO were systematically searched from their inception dates to September 1, 2022. Studies were included if they were conducted on military personnel and/or veterans and prevalence estimates of poor sleep quality could be generated from assessments with standardized tools. A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled prevalence and its 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Fifty-nine studies (N = 28,100) were included for analysis with sample sizes ranging from 14 to 8481. Two studies were rated as "high quality" (3.39%), while 57 were rated as "moderate quality" (96.61%). The overall pooled prevalence of poor sleep quality in military personnel and veterans was 69.00% (95% CI: 62.33-75.30%); pooled rates were 57.79% (95% CI: 49.88-65.50%) and 82.88% (95% CI: 74.08-90.21%) for active duty personnel and veterans, respectively. Subgroup analyses indicated study region, study design, sampling method, Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index cut-off values, and service type moderated prevalence of poor sleep quality. Meta-regression analyses indicated sample size, mean age, depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were associated with prevalence differences between studies. Poor sleep quality was more common in both active duty military personnel and veterans who were older and those who reported PTSD or depression. Regular monitoring of sleep quality and sleep hygiene should be promoted in this population. More relevant studies in middle- and low-income countries should also be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Bai
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Zhen Gui
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Meng-Yi Chen
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Qinge Zhang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Ieng Lam
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Tong Leong Si
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Wan-Ying Zheng
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yu-Fei Liu
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Zhaohui Su
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Teris Cheung
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Todd Jackson
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Li
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China.
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Kang K, Bang HL. Subgroups of depressive symptoms in Korean police officers: A latent class analysis. Prev Med Rep 2023; 35:102350. [PMID: 37638354 PMCID: PMC10450514 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of depressive symptoms is common among police officers; however, studies that identify the patterns of depressive symptoms in police officers and occupational characteristics related to the specific subgroups of depressive symptoms are scarce. A total of 493 police officers in South Korea participated in this descriptive cross-sectional study between October and December 2019. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Latent class analysis was used to identify the subgroups of depressive symptoms. To identify the characteristics and predictors of the subgroup, χ2 tests, analysis of variance, and multinomial logistic regression analysis were performed. Four latent classes of depressive symptoms were identified: "at-risk" (10.8%), "anhedonic" (21.5%), "somatic" (17.2%), and "minimal" (50.5%). Compared to the minimal group, drinking behaviors were higher in the at-risk group (odds ratio [OR] = 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.03, 1.11]), and working hours were greater in the somatic group (OR = 1.01, 95% CI [1.00, 1.02]). Additionally, sleep quality (OR = 1.35, 95% CI [0.82, 2.22]) and fatigue (OR = 1.02, 95% CI [1.00, 1.04]) were found to be related in the anhedonic group. This study identified the heterogeneity of depressive symptoms among police officers. It is necessary to accurately identify the factors associated with the depression subgroups of police officers to develop support strategies and prevent an increase in their depression severity. The association between risk factors such as working hours and drinking behaviors might inform strategies to reduce depression in police offers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyonghwa Kang
- Department of Nursing, Chungwoon University, Hongseong, South Korea
| | - Hwal Lan Bang
- Department of Nursing, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea
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Sharma L, Pedlar CR, Burgess PW, Kanagasabai S, Ronca F. Acute and long-term sleep measurements produce opposing results on sleep quality in 8 and 12 hour shift patterns in law enforcement officers. J Sleep Res 2023; 32:e13862. [PMID: 36815627 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The occupational demands of law enforcement increase the risk of poor-quality sleep, putting officers at risk of adverse physical and mental health. This cross-sectional study aimed to characterise sleep quality in day workers, 8 and 12 h rotating shift pattern workers. One hundred eighty-six officers volunteered for the study (37 female, age: 41 ± 7). Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index, actigraphy and the Leeds sleep evaluation questionnaire. The maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max ) was measured on a treadmill via breath-by-breath analysis. There was a 70% overall prevalence of poor sleepers based on Pittsburgh sleep quality index scores, where 8 h shifts exhibited the worst prevalence (92%, p = 0.029), however, there was no difference between age, gender, or role. In contrast, 12 h shifts exhibited the poorest short-term measures, including awakening from sleep (p = 0.039) and behaviour following wakefulness (p = 0.033) from subjective measures, and poorer total sleep time (p = 0.024) and sleep efficiency (p = 0.024) from the actigraphy. High VO2max predicted poorer wake after sleep onset (Rsq = 0.07, p = 0.05) and poorer sleep latency (p = 0.028). There was no relationship between the Pittsburgh sleep quality index scores and any of the short-term measures. The prevalence of poor sleepers in this cohort was substantially higher than in the general population, regardless of shift pattern. The results obtained from the long- and short-term measures of sleep quality yielded opposing results, where long-term perceptions favoured the 12 h pattern, but short-term subjective and objective measures both favoured the 8 h pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leona Sharma
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Charles R Pedlar
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
- Faculty of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Mary's University Twickenham, Twickenham, UK
| | - Paul W Burgess
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sharlenee Kanagasabai
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Flaminia Ronca
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
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Kverno KS, White RT. Caring for a "Blue" Population: Addressing Priorities of the Officer Safety and Wellness Group in Nurse Practitioner Practice. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2023; 61:13-18. [PMID: 37134279 DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20230424-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Increased public concern over policing and the psychological impact of trauma-associated events by first responders have highlighted a critical need to improve the availability of mental health and wellness resources for law enforcement officers. The national Officer Safety and Wellness Group prioritized mental health, alcohol use, fatigue, and body weight/poor nutrition as targets for safety and wellness initiatives. Departmental culture will need to change from silence and fear-driven hesitancy to a culture of openness and support. Increased education, openness, and support for mental health will likely reduce stigma and improve access to care. Psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioners and other advanced practice nurses who wish to work with law enforcement officers should be aware of the specific health risks and standards of care that are summarized in this article. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 61(10), 13-18.].
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Cho CC. A Cross-Level Study of the Consequences of Work Stress in Police Officers: Using Transformational Leadership and Group Member Interactions as an Example. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:1845-1860. [PMID: 37223307 PMCID: PMC10202197 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s413075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of work stress on job burnout and quality of life and the effect of moderating group factors (transformational leadership and group member interactions) on the relationship between work stress, job burnout, and quality of life. This study takes front-line border police as the research object, adopts a cross-level perspective, and takes work stress as a key factor affecting work efficiency and health indicators. Methods It collected data through questionnaires, with questionnaires for each research variable adapted from existing research scales, such as multifactor leadership questionnaire developed by Bass and Avolio. A total of 361 questionnaires were filled out and collected in this study, including 315 male participants and 46 female participants. The average age of the participants was 39.52. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) was used to test the hypotheses. Results First, it was found that work stress has a significant impact on job burnout and quality of life. Secondly, leadership style and group member interactions have a direct, cross-level effect on work stress. Third, it found that leadership style and group member interactions have an indirect, cross-level effect on the relationship between work stress and job burnout. However, these are not indicative of quality of life. The results of this study highlight the particular impact of the nature of police work on the quality of life, and further enhance the value of this study. Conclusion The two major contributions of this study are: 1) it shows the original characteristics of the organizational environment and the social context of Taiwan's border police and, 2) in terms of the research implication, it is necessary to re-examine the cross-level impact of group factors on individual work stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chung Cho
- Department of Ocean and Border Management, National Quemoy University, Kinmen, 892, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Colombo L, Acquadro Maran D, Grandi A. Attitudes toward organizational change and their association with exhaustion in a sample of Italian police workers. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1122763. [PMID: 37020917 PMCID: PMC10067671 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1122763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionChange management is an important topic for organizations and some personal characteristics may help or hinder coping with change.MethodsThe aim of the present study was to find out whether attitudes toward organizational change can predict work-related exhaustion in a sample of police workers (N = 532) in northern Italy. Differences between groups in relation to role (police officers vs. other roles) and gender were also considered.ResultsThe results of hierarchical regression showed that change beliefs were negatively associated to exhaustion, while resistance to change was positively related to exhaustion; role and gender were also significantly and positive associated with the dependent variable. Regarding differences between groups, police officers had lower positive change beliefs and higher levels of exhaustion compared to workers in other roles. Regarding gender, women reported higher levels of exhaustion than men.DiscussionThe results of the present study provide further insights into what aspects should be considered when promoting organizational change in the police work context.
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Khoshakhlagh AH, Al Sulaie S, Yazdanirad S, Orr RM, Dehdarirad H, Milajerdi A. Global prevalence and associated factors of sleep disorders and poor sleep quality among firefighters: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13250. [PMID: 36798763 PMCID: PMC9925976 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lack of sleep can affect the health and performance of firefighters. This systematic review and meta-analysis estimated the global prevalence of sleep disorders and poor sleep quality among firefighters and reported associated factors. Four academic databases (Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase) were systematically searched from January 1, 2000 to January 24, 2022. These databases were selected as they are known to index studies in this field. The search algorithm included two groups of keywords and all possible combinations of these words. The first group included keywords related to sleep and the second group keywords related to the firefighting profession. The relevant Joanna Briggs Institute checklist was used to evaluate study quality. Data from eligible studies were included in a meta-analysis. In total, 47 articles informed this review. The pooled prevalence of sleep disorders and poor sleep quality in firefighters were determined as 30.49% (95% CI [25.90, 35.06]) and 51.43% (95% CI [42.76, 60.10]), respectively. The results of a subgroup analysis showed that individuals in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) had a higher prevalence of sleep disorders than those in high-income countries (HICs) but HICs had a higher prevalence of poor sleep quality than LMICs. Various factors, including shift work, mental health, injuries and pain, and body mass index were associated with sleep health. The findings of this review highlight the need for sleep health promotion programs in firefighters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Khoshakhlagh
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Saleh Al Sulaie
- Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering in Al-Qunfudah, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeid Yazdanirad
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran,School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran,Corresponding author. Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Robin Marc Orr
- Tactical Research Unit, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Hossein Dehdarirad
- Medical Library & Information Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Milajerdi
- Research Center of Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institude for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Poirier S, Allard-Gaudreau N, Gendron P, Houle J, Trudeau F. Health, Safety, and Wellness Concerns Among Law Enforcement Officers: An Inductive Approach. Workplace Health Saf 2023; 71:34-42. [PMID: 36515207 DOI: 10.1177/21650799221134422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Although studies have assessed the impact of occupational risk factors on the health of law enforcement officers (LEO's), few have involved (LEO's) as informants in ways that allow their points of view to be heard directly. Thus, the objective of this study is to explore the occupational health, safety, and wellness (OHSW) concerns of (LEO's). Methods: (LEO's) working in Quebec, Canada were invited to answer an open-ended question regarding their OHSW concerns. Using a multi-stage content analysis, the collected answers were analyzed and coded by two members of the research team to identify the most recurrent concerns of (LEO's). Findings: Five themes relating to the OHSW concerns of (LEO's) were identified, namely, the work schedule, occupational stress, work equipment, workplace health promotion, and operational risks. Furthermore, our analyses highlighted differences in the concerns of (LEO's) based on their level of experience and sex. Conclusions/Application to Practice: This study addresses a gap in the literature on the OHSW concerns from the perspective of (LEO's). Overall, our results support that the work schedule and occupational stress associated with law enforcement are the two most recurrent concerns of (LEO's). Thus, the results of this study further stress the need for police organizations to implement strategies and policies, which could mitigate the deleterious effects of these hazards on the overall wellness of (LEO's).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Poirier
- Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue.,Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières
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Sørengaard TA, Langvik E, Olsen A, Saksvik-Lehouillier I. Predictors of insomnia symptoms in police employees: a longitudinal investigation and comparison of personality and psychosocial work factors. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2022.2137246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Langvik
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Alexander Olsen
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, St. Olav’s Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway
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Allison P, Tiesman HM, Wong IS, Bernzweig D, James L, James SM, Navarro KM, Patterson PD. Working hours, sleep, and fatigue in the public safety sector: A scoping review of the research. Am J Ind Med 2022; 65:878-897. [PMID: 35711032 PMCID: PMC9851314 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The public safety sector includes law enforcement officers (LEO), corrections officers (CO), firefighter service (FF), wildland firefighting (WFF), and emergency medical services (EMS), as defined in the National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Across these occupations, shiftwork, long-duration shifts, and excessive overtime are common. Our objective was to identify research gaps related to working hours, sleep, and fatigue among these workers. METHODS We used a scoping review study design that included searches of MEDLINE, Embase, CAB Abstracts, Global Health, PsychInfo, CINAHL, Scopus, Academic Search Complete, Agricultural and Environmental Science Collection, ProQuest Central, Cochrane Library, Safety Lit, Homeland Security Digital Library, and Sociological Abstracts using a range of occupational search terms and terms related to working hours, sleep, and fatigue. RESULTS Out of 3415 articles returned from our database search, 202 met all inclusion criteria. Six common outcomes related to working hours, sleep, and fatigue emerged: sleep, fatigue, work performance, injury, psychosocial stress, and chronic disease. Nearly two-thirds (59%, n = 120) of the studies were observational, of which 64% (n = 77) were cross sectional and 9% were (n = 11) longitudinal; 14% (n = 30) of the studies were reviews; and 19% (n = 39) were experimental or quasi-experimental studies. Only 25 of the 202 articles described mitigation strategies or interventions. FFs, LEOs, EMS, and WFFs were the most studied, followed by COs. CONCLUSIONS In general, more longitudinal and experimental studies are needed to enrich the knowledge base on the consequences of long working hours, poor sleep, and fatigue in the public safety sector. Few experimental studies have tested novel approaches to fatigue mitigation in diverse sectors of public safety. This gap in research limits the decisions that may be made by employers to address fatigue as a threat to public-safety worker health and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope Allison
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Hope M. Tiesman
- Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Imelda S. Wong
- Division of Science Integration, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - David Bernzweig
- Ohio Association of Professional Fire Fighters, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Lois James
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Stephen M. James
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Navarro
- Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - P. Daniel Patterson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Magnavita N, Mele L, Meraglia I, Merella M, Vacca ME, Cerrina A, Gabriele M, Labella M, Soro MT, Ursino S, Matera C. The Impact of Workplace Violence on Headache and Sleep Problems in Nurses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13423. [PMID: 36294004 PMCID: PMC9603049 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Workplace violence (WV) is a significant occupational hazard for nurses. Previous studies have shown that WV has a reciprocal relationship with occupational stress. Headaches and sleep problems are early neuropsychological signs of distress. This cross-sectional study aims to ascertain the frequency of physical or verbal assaults on nurses and to study the association of WV with headaches and sleep problems. During their regular medical examination in the workplace, 550 nurses and nursing assistants (105 males, 19.1%; mean age 48.02 ± 9.98 years) were asked to fill in a standardized questionnaire containing the Violent Incident Form (VIF) concerning the episodes of violence experienced, the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) regarding headaches, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI) on sleep quality. Occupational stress was measured using the Effort/Reward Imbalance questionnaire (ERI). Physical and non-physical violence experienced in the previous year was reported by 7.5% and 17.5% of workers, respectively. In the univariate logistic regression models, the workers who experienced violence had an increased risk of headaches and sleep problems. After adjusting for sex, age, job type, and ERI, the relationship between physical violence and headaches remained significant (adjusted odds ratio aOR = 2.25; confidence interval CI95% = 1.11; 4.57). All forms of WV were significantly associated with poor sleep in a multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for sex, age, job type, and ERI (aOR = 2.35 CI95% = 1.44; 3.85). WV was also associated with the impact of headaches and with sleep quality. WV prevention may reduce the frequency of lasting psychoneurological symptoms, such as headaches and poor sleep quality, that interfere with the ability to work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Magnavita
- Postgraduate School of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
- Department of Woman, Child & Public Health Sciences, Fondazione A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy
- Local Healthcare Unit Roma 4, 00053 Civitavecchia, Italy
| | - Luca Mele
- Postgraduate School of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Igor Meraglia
- Postgraduate School of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Merella
- Postgraduate School of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Eugenia Vacca
- Postgraduate School of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Anna Cerrina
- Local Healthcare Unit Roma 4, 00053 Civitavecchia, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Simona Ursino
- Local Healthcare Unit Roma 4, 00053 Civitavecchia, Italy
| | - Carmela Matera
- Local Healthcare Unit Roma 4, 00053 Civitavecchia, Italy
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Boolani A, Martin J, Huang H, Yu LF, Stark M, Grin Z, Roy M, Yager C, Teymouri S, Bradley D, Martin R, Fulk G, Kakar RS. Association between Self-Reported Prior Night's Sleep and Single-Task Gait in Healthy, Young Adults: A Study Using Machine Learning. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:7406. [PMID: 36236511 PMCID: PMC9572361 DOI: 10.3390/s22197406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Failure to obtain the recommended 7−9 h of sleep has been associated with injuries in youth and adults. However, most research on the influence of prior night’s sleep and gait has been conducted on older adults and clinical populations. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify individuals who experience partial sleep deprivation and/or sleep extension the prior night using single task gait. Participants (n = 123, age 24.3 ± 4.0 years; 65% female) agreed to participate in this study. Self-reported sleep duration of the night prior to testing was collected. Gait data was collected with inertial sensors during a 2 min walk test. Group differences (<7 h and >9 h, poor sleepers; 7−9 h, good sleepers) in gait characteristics were assessed using machine learning and a post-hoc ANCOVA. Results indicated a correlation (r = 0.79) between gait parameters and prior night’s sleep. The most accurate machine learning model was a Random Forest Classifier using the top 9 features, which had a mean accuracy of 65.03%. Our findings suggest that good sleepers had more asymmetrical gait patterns and were better at maintaining gait speed than poor sleepers. Further research with larger subject sizes is needed to develop more accurate machine learning models to identify prior night’s sleep using single-task gait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Boolani
- Honors Program, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
| | - Joel Martin
- Sports Medicine Assessment Research & Testing (SMART) Laboratory, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Haikun Huang
- Department of Computer Science, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Lap-Fai Yu
- Department of Computer Science, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Maggie Stark
- Department of Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Elmira, NY 14901, USA
| | - Zachary Grin
- Honors Program, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
| | - Marissa Roy
- Sports Medicine Assessment Research & Testing (SMART) Laboratory, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | | | - Seema Teymouri
- Department of Engineering and Technology, State University of New York Canton, Canton, NY 13617, USA
| | - Dylan Bradley
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hanover College, Hanover, IN 47243, USA
| | - Rebecca Martin
- Department of Neurology, St. Joseph’s Hospital Health Center, Syracuse, NY 13203, USA
| | - George Fulk
- Department of Physical Therapy, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Rumit Singh Kakar
- Human Movement Science Department, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
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Rohwer E, Velasco Garrido M, Herold R, Preisser AM, Terschüren C, Harth V, Mache S. Police officers' work-life balance, job satisfaction and quality of life: longitudinal effects after changing the shift schedule. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e063302. [PMID: 36127115 PMCID: PMC9490605 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate mental health-related outcomes of police officers 5.5 years after implementing a new alternating shift schedule which was supposed to improve their health and work-life balance. DESIGN Pre-post study design with a baseline survey at the beginning of the piloting of the new shift schedule in 2015 and another survey 5.5 years later in 2020. SETTING Police departments of a German metropolitan police force piloting the new shift schedule. PARTICIPANTS 116 shift-working police officers out of a population of 1673 police officers at the follow-up date. INTERVENTIONS New shift schedule based on occupational health recommendations. OUTCOMES MEASURES Work-life balance, job satisfaction and quality of life. METHODS Mixed analyses of variances were used to test the hypotheses of within-subject and between-subject differences regarding time and gender. RESULTS We found partly significant differences between the baseline and follow-up survey for work-life balance (F(1, 114) = 6.168, p=0.014, ηp² = 0.051), job satisfaction (F(1, 114) = 9.921, p=0.002, ηp² = 0.080) and quality of life (F(1, 114) = 0.593, p=0.443, ηp² = 0.005). Neither significant differences between male and female police officers nor interaction effects of time and gender were found. CONCLUSION An increase was found for each of the three outcomes 5.5 years after implementing the new shift schedule. The results contribute to the current state of research on mental health-related outcomes of working conditions in shift work. On this basis, recommendations for designing shift schedules can be deduced to promote mental health and job satisfaction for employees in shift work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Rohwer
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcial Velasco Garrido
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Herold
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Marita Preisser
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Terschüren
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Volker Harth
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Mache
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Marins EF, Ferreira RW, de Freitas FC, Dutra GFDAA, Vasconcelos JRE, Caputo EL. Mortality in Brazilian federal highway police officers: time series from 2001 to 2020. Rev Saude Publica 2022; 56:82. [PMID: 36134778 PMCID: PMC9469873 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2022056004210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the mortality trend from all causes in Brazilian federal highway police officers from 2001 to 2020. METHODS This is an ecological time-series study based on mortality official data from the Brazilian federal highway police registry system and death certificates from the federal registry system. Deaths of active police officers from 2001 to 2020 were assessed. We performed a descriptive analysis reporting proportions and incidence rates per 1,000 police officers. The chi-square test was used for bivariate analyzes and Prais-Winsten regression was used for trend analysis. RESULTS Among 346 deaths, 146 were from natural and 189 from unnatural causes (11 were from undefined causes). Most deaths occurred among police officers who were men (n = 333; 96.3%), over 35 years old (n = 265; 76.6%), whose service time was up to 15 years (n = 185; 53.5%), living in Northeast Brazil, and from unnatural causes (n = 189; 56.4%). The absolute number of deaths presented a decreasing trend throughout the series (p = -0.78; 95%CI: -1.03 to -0.5). Traffic accidents (n = 96; 28.7%), cardiovascular diseases (n = 58; 17.3%), interpersonal violence (n = 51; 15.2%), suicides (n = 35; 10.5%), and malignant neoplasms (n = 35; 10.4%) were the main causes of death. Most natural deaths occurred among police officers who were 51–73 years old (68.3%; 95%CI: 58.6 to 76.7) and worked more than 26 years (64.7%; 95%CI: 52.7 to 75.1), while most unnatural deaths occurred among officers who were 19–35 years old (87.3%; 95%CI: 78.0 to 93.1) and worked up to 15 years (70.2%; 95%CI: 63.1 to 76.4). CONCLUSION The mortality trend in Brazilian federal highway police officers decreased within the period studied. Understanding mortality causes may help to develop policies for disease prevention and health protection of police officers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Frio Marins
- Polícia Rodoviária FederalBrasíliaDFBrasilPolícia Rodoviária Federal. Brasília, DF, Brasil,Universidade Federal de PelotasEscola Superior de Educação FísicaPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Educação FísicaPelotasRSBrasil Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Escola Superior de Educação Física. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física. Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Wiltgen Ferreira
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia FarroupilhaSão BorjaRSBrasil Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Farroupilha. Campus São Borja. São Borja, RS, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Eduardo Lucia Caputo
- Universidade Federal de PelotasEscola Superior de Educação FísicaPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Educação FísicaPelotasRSBrasil Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Escola Superior de Educação Física. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física. Pelotas, RS, Brasil
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Characteristics of Sleep Paralysis and Its Association with Anxiety Symptoms, Perceived Stress, PTSD, and Other Variables Related to Lifestyle in Selected High Stress Exposed Professions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137821. [PMID: 35805480 PMCID: PMC9265794 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sleep paralysis (SP) is a hypnagogic or hypnopompic state associated with the inability to move while conscious. Recurrent isolated sleep paralysis (RISP) is a type of REM parasomnia. Individuals experiencing anxiety disorders, PTSD, exposure to chronic stress, or shift work are at risk of developing this sleep disorder. This study aimed to assess: (1) the prevalence, frequency, and symptomatology of SP, and (2) the impact of the severity of anxiety symptoms, perceived stress, and lifestyle mode variables on the frequency and severity of SP in four professional groups at high risk of SP (n = 844): nurses and midwives (n = 172), policemen (n = 174), teachers (n = 107), and a group of mixed professions—“other professions” (n = 391). The study used a battery of online questionnaires: the Sociodemographic and Health Status Questionnaire, the SP-EPQ, the PCL -5, the STAI-T, the PSWQ and the PSS-10. The prevalence of SP was the lowest among policemen (15.5%) and the highest in the group of “other professions” (39.4%). The association of SP with symptoms of PTSD and anxiety was confirmed in the group of nurses and “other professions”. Among other factors modulating the incidence and severity of SP were: age, BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption, sleep duration, and perceived stress. This study indicates that there exist links between SP and psychological and lifestyle factors, suggesting a complex etiology for this sleep disorder. Due to the high prevalence of SP in the studied groups of occupations, further research is necessary to develop preventive and therapeutic methods for SP.
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23
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Toyoshima K, Ichiki M, Inoue T, Shimura A, Masuya J, Fujimura Y, Higashi S, Kusumi I. Cognitive complaints mediate the influence of sleep disturbance and state anxiety on subjective well-being and ill-being in adult community volunteers: a cross sectional study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:566. [PMID: 35317767 PMCID: PMC8939175 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12936-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep disturbance, state anxiety, and cognitive complaints (CCs) have been recognized as important issues in public health. Although the mediating role of CCs has been proposed, their role in the relationships between sleep disturbance, state anxiety, and subjective well-being (SWB) and subjective ill-being (SIB) are not yet fully understood. This study used path analyses to investigate whether CCs mediate these relationships. Methods The study recruited 523 Japanese adult volunteers using convenience sampling. Participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (Form Y), Cognitive Complaints in Bipolar Disorder Rating Assessment, and Subjective Well-Being Inventory to evaluate sleep disturbance, state anxiety, CCs, and SWB and SIB, respectively. Path analyses were conducted to assess the mediating effects of CCs. Results The path analyses showed significant indirect associations of sleep disturbance and state anxiety with SWB (p = 0.024 and p = 0.012) and SIB (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001), respectively, mediated by CCs. Furthermore, there were significant indirect associations of sleep disturbance with CCs (p < 0.001), SWB (p < 0.001), and SIB (p < 0.001), via state anxiety, respectively. Conclusions This study suggests that CCs mediate the associations of sleep disturbance and state anxiety with SWB and SIB, respectively, in adult community volunteers. To address SWB and SIB associated with sleep disturbance and state anxiety, evaluating CCs may be useful in public mental health. Our findings will encourage health care workers to assess CCs more systematically. Future studies may need to target CCs to develop interventions for SWB and SIB. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-12936-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniyoshi Toyoshima
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Masahiko Ichiki
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inoue
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Shimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Jiro Masuya
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Yota Fujimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo, 193-0998, Japan
| | - Shinji Higashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Ibaraki Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, 300-0395, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kusumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
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24
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Acquadro Maran D, Magnavita N, Garbarino S. Identifying Organizational Stressors That Could Be a Source of Discomfort in Police Officers: A Thematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063720. [PMID: 35329405 PMCID: PMC8951201 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to highlight the organizational factors that might influence perceived discomfort in police officers. The studies included in the thematic review referred to specific factors, not the general terms “organizational stressors” or “workplace stressors”. It is important to emphasize this distinction because most studies use the general term “organizational stressor” (referring to context) to distinguish from “operational stressor” (referring to content, such as exposure to danger, threat, and trauma). For our purposes, we selected the studies that examined specific organizational factors. The results indicate that organizational social support, organizational culture, leadership, and bureaucracy are the organizational factors associated with police officers’ perceived discomfort. These organizational factors could have negative impacts on individuals, perceptions of stigma when contacting support services, anxiety and depressive symptoms, burnout, PTSD, and suicidal thoughts, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Acquadro Maran
- WOW—Work and Organisational Well-Being Research Group, Department of Psychology, Università di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Nicola Magnavita
- Postgraduate School of Occupational Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Woman/Child & Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Garbarino
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal/Child Sciences (DI-14 NOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
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25
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Green K, Eddy A, Flowers J, Christopher M. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the PROMIS Sleep Disturbance Among Law Enforcement Officers. JOURNAL OF POLICE AND CRIMINAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 37:141-145. [PMID: 35966282 PMCID: PMC9373046 DOI: 10.1007/s11896-021-09471-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Law enforcement officers (LEOs) are at increased risk for sleep disorders relative to the general population. Common LEO occupational stressors, including critical incidents and shift work, predict sleep disturbance, which in turn negatively impacts health, performance, and community safety. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-Sleep Disturbance 4-item (PROMIS SD4) was developed to assess self-reported sleep quality, satisfaction, and difficulties falling asleep. Previous studies suggest PROMIS-SD short-forms (4-, 6-, and 8-item) have good psychometric properties; however, evaluation of this easily-administered measure in high-stress, frontline populations is limited. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the PROMIS-SD4 in a sample of LEOs (N = 111). A confirmatory factor analysis suggests that the original one-factor solution, with a correlated error-term, provides an excellent fit to the data, SBχ2(2) = 1.62, p = .23, CFI = .99, RMSEA = .12, SRMR = .01. The PROMIS SD4 demonstrated good reliability (α = .85) and evidence of convergent validity correlations in the expected direction with domains of psychological distress, positive health outcomes, reactivity, and body experience (all p's < .05). Results suggest that the PROMIS-SD4 is a valid and reliable measure of sleep disturbance among LEOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylie Green
- School of Graduate Psychology, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR, USA
| | - Ashley Eddy
- School of Graduate Psychology, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR, USA
| | - Jenna Flowers
- School of Graduate Psychology, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR, USA
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26
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Impact of Mindfulness Training on Spanish Police Officers' Mental and Emotional Health: a Non-Randomized Pilot Study. Mindfulness (N Y) 2022; 13:695-711. [PMID: 35043066 PMCID: PMC8758924 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-022-01827-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this exploratory non-randomized controlled study was to determine the acceptance and effectiveness of an 8-week mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) co-designed by a police officer. Methods A pretest-posttest control group design was followed. Participants (MBI group = 20; control group = 18) answered baseline and post-training self-reported measures. In addition, the weekly emotional state of the MBI group was collected. Paired-samples t-test and analysis of covariance were performed for pre-post within-group and between-group differences, respectively, as well as linear mixed effects analysis of repeated measures for week-by-week data. Results High acceptance and attendance rates, as well as significant pre-post within-group differences in the MBI group in mindfulness (η2 = 0.43), self-compassion (η2 = 0.43), depression (η2 = 0.54), anxiety (η2 = 0.46), stress (η2 = 0.51), difficulties in emotion regulation, sleep quality (η2 = 0.57), and burnout (η2 = 0.31–0.47), were identified. Moreover, police officers who underwent the MBI experienced a week by week decrease of anger, disgust, anxiety, sadness, and desire. Finally, after adjusting for pre-test scores, significant between-group differences were found in the way of attending to internal and external experiences (observing mindfulness facet; ηp2 = 0.21), depression symptoms (ηp2 = 0.23), general distress (ηp2 = 0.24), and the degree of physical and psychological exhaustion (personal burnout; ηp2 = 0.20). Conclusions The preliminary effectiveness of this MBI on psychopathology and quality of life outcomes in Spanish police officers was discussed. Previous evidence regarding the promising use of MBIs in this population was supported.
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27
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Boivin DB, Boudreau P, Kosmadopoulos A. Disturbance of the Circadian System in Shift Work and Its Health Impact. J Biol Rhythms 2021; 37:3-28. [PMID: 34969316 PMCID: PMC8832572 DOI: 10.1177/07487304211064218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The various non-standard schedules required of shift workers force abrupt changes in the timing of sleep and light-dark exposure. These changes result in disturbances of the endogenous circadian system and its misalignment with the environment. Simulated night-shift experiments and field-based studies with shift workers both indicate that the circadian system is resistant to adaptation from a day- to a night-oriented schedule, as determined by a lack of substantial phase shifts over multiple days in centrally controlled rhythms, such as those of melatonin and cortisol. There is evidence that disruption of the circadian system caused by night-shift work results not only in a misalignment between the circadian system and the external light-dark cycle, but also in a state of internal desynchronization between various levels of the circadian system. This is the case between rhythms controlled by the central circadian pacemaker and clock genes expression in tissues such as peripheral blood mononuclear cells, hair follicle cells, and oral mucosa cells. The disruptive effects of atypical work schedules extend beyond the expression profile of canonical circadian clock genes and affects other transcripts of the human genome. In general, after several days of living at night, most rhythmic transcripts in the human genome remain adjusted to a day-oriented schedule, with dampened group amplitudes. In contrast to circadian clock genes and rhythmic transcripts, metabolomics studies revealed that most metabolites shift by several hours when working nights, thus leading to their misalignment with the circadian system. Altogether, these circadian and sleep-wake disturbances emphasize the all-encompassing impact of night-shift work, and can contribute to the increased risk of various medical conditions. Here, we review the latest scientific evidence regarding the effects of atypical work schedules on the circadian system, sleep and alertness of shift-working populations, and discuss their potential clinical impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane B Boivin
- Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Boudreau
- Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anastasi Kosmadopoulos
- Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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28
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Wirth MD, Fekedulegn D, Andrew ME, McLain AC, Burch JB, Davis JE, Hébert JR, Violanti JM. Longitudinal and cross-sectional associations between the dietary inflammatory index and objectively and subjectively measured sleep among police officers. J Sleep Res 2021; 31:e13543. [PMID: 34967055 PMCID: PMC9240102 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Police officers experience exposures associated with increased inflammation, such as the stress associated with shiftwork and poor-quality diet, both of which have been shown to affect sleep duration and quality. This study examined the longitudinal and cross-sectional effects of the Energy-density Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII™) on objectively and subjectively measured sleep among police officers. Data were derived from the Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Occupational Police Stress Cohort (n = 464 at baseline), with longitudinal data collected from 2004 to 2019. A food frequency questionnaire obtained estimated dietary intake from which E-DII scores were calculated. Dependent variables were objectively (Micro Motion Logger Sleep Watch™) and subjectively (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) measured sleep quality and quantity. The analyses included a series of linear mixed-effects models used to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between the E-DII and sleep quantity and quality. Cross-sectionally, more pro-inflammatory diets were associated with higher wake-after-sleep-onset but improved subjective sleep quality. In models accounting for both longitudinal and cross-sectional effects, for every 1-unit increase in the E-DII scores over time (representing a pro-inflammatory change), wake-after-sleep-onset increased by nearly 1.4 min (p = 0.07). This result was driven by officers who primarily worked day shifts (β = 3.33, p = 0.01). Conversely, for every 1-unit increase in E-DII score, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index global score improved. More pro-inflammatory diets were associated with increased wake-after-sleep-onset, an objective measure of sleep quality. Intervention studies to reduce dietary inflammatory potential may provide greater magnitude of effect for changes in sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Wirth
- College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations, LLC, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Desta Fekedulegn
- Bioanalytics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Michael E Andrew
- Bioanalytics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Alexander C McLain
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - James B Burch
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.,WJB Dorn VA Medical Center, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jean E Davis
- College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - James R Hébert
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations, LLC, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - John M Violanti
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Steel C, Tehrani N, Lewis G, Billings J. Risk factors for complex posttraumatic stress disorder in UK police. Occup Med (Lond) 2021; 71:351-357. [PMID: 34415342 PMCID: PMC8849141 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqab114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Police officers are frequently exposed to distressing and dangerous situations, increasing their risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (C-PTSD). Research examining C-PTSD in police officers is sparse, particularly examination of the occupational risk factors for trauma symptoms. Aims This study aimed to examine the prevalence and risk factors for PTSD and C-PTSD in UK police officers. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using psychological health surveillance data from the UK National Police Wellbeing Service. Police officers were either from high-risk areas of work or had been referred for screening by occupational health practitioners regarding psychological distress. The primary outcome for this study was a positive screening of either PTSD or C-PTSD, measured using the International Trauma Questionnaire. A range of occupational, clinical and lifestyle factors was examined to establish their role as potential risk factors for PTSD and C-PTSD. Results In total, 2444 UK police officers were included, with 89% from high-risk areas of work. A prevalence of 3% for PTSD and 2% for C-PTSD was found in police officers from high-risk areas of work. Higher work stress and lower manager support were found to increase the odds of C-PTSD but not PTSD. Higher personal trauma history increased the risk for PTSD and C-PTSD equally. Conclusions Work-related occupational factors increased the odds of PTSD and C-PTSD in police officers, which could be important risk factors for trauma symptoms within police officers. Efforts should be made to improve the working environment of police officers to help improve their psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Steel
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - G Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - J Billings
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
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30
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Yang CC, Lee KW, Watanabe K, Kawakami N. The association between shift work and possible obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2021; 94:1763-1772. [PMID: 33677677 PMCID: PMC8490216 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-021-01675-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shift work is a workschedule, since industrial era and some employees work in shift. It causes a desynchronization of the biological clock with consequences on sleep amount and quality, such as insomnia and easy fatigue. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is one of the sleep problems that are getting more and more attention, but studies on the association between shift work and OSA were rare. Herein, we aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the association between shift work and possible OSA. METHODS This study was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We queried PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases using a related set of keywords. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) participants were adult employees hired by a company or organization; (2) exposure was shift work; and (3) outcome was possible OSA according to examination or assessment. RESULTS We included six studies in the systematic review and five studies were selected for further meta-analysis. A random-effects model showed an association of shift work with a small, non-significant increase in possible OSA cases (pooled prevalence relative risk = 1.05; 95% CI 0.85-1.30; p = 0.65). This association occurred in both healthcare and non-healthcare workers group. CONCLUSION The association between shift work and possible OSA remains inconclusive and could be small if not negligible. Future studies should assess the association between specific work schedules and specific OSA definitions. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER PROSPERO ID: CRD42020156837.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Cheng Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, No. 482, Shanming Road, Siaogang District, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Center, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-Wei Lee
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kazuhiro Watanabe
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norito Kawakami
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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31
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Sleep Paralysis among Professional Firefighters and a Possible Association with PTSD-Online Survey-Based Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189442. [PMID: 34574367 PMCID: PMC8468000 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of sleep paralysis (SP) is estimated at approximately 7.6% of the world’s general population. One of the strongest factors in the onset of SP is PTSD, which is often found among professional firefighters. Our study aimed to assess in the professional firefighter population (n = 831) (1) the prevalence of SP, (2) the relationship between SP and PTSD and (3) the relationship between SP and other factors: the severity of the stress felt, individual tendency to feel anxious and worried and lifestyle variables. The incidence of SP in the study group was 8.7%. The high probability of PTSD was found in 15.04% of subjects and its presence was associated with 1.86 times the odds of developing SP [OR = 1.86 (95% CI: 1.04–3.33); p = 0.04]. Officers who experienced at least 1 SP during their lifetime had significantly higher results in the scales: PCL-5, STAI-T, PSWQ. The number of SP episodes was positively correlated with the severity of symptoms measured by the PCL-5, PSS-10, STAI and PSWQ questionnaires. Further research is needed to assess the importance of SP among the firefighter population in the context of mental and somatic health and to specify methods of preventing SP episodes.
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32
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Cash RE, Anderson SE, Lancaster KE, Lu B, Rivard MK, Camargo CA, Panchal AR. Associations between sleep, stress, and cardiovascular health in emergency medical services personnel. J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open 2021; 2:e12516. [PMID: 34322683 PMCID: PMC8295241 DOI: 10.1002/emp2.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective was to quantify the associations between sleep duration and perceived and chronic stress with ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) among emergency medical services (EMS) personnel from county-based EMS agencies. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey of cardiovascular disease (CVD)-free EMS personnel from 4 US EMS agencies. The questionnaire consisted of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Chronic Burden Scale, and the CVH components (smoking, body mass index, physical activity, diet, blood glucose, blood pressure, cholesterol, each scored 0-2 points). The components were summed and ideal CVH considered 11-14 points. Mixed effects logistic regression models with a random intercept for agency were used to estimate the odds of ideal CVH for good sleep quality (PSQI < 5 points), recommended sleep duration (7 to < 9h), low perceived stress (PSS < 26 points), and low chronic stress (0 recent stressful events). RESULTS We received 379 responses (response rate = 32%). There was low prevalence of good sleep quality (23%) and recommended sleep duration (25%), but 95% reported low perceived stress, and 33% had low chronic stress. Ideal CVH was reported by 30%. No significant associations between ideal CVH and sleep quality, perceived stress, or chronic stress were found. There was a nearly 2-fold increase in the odds of ideal CVH with recommended sleep duration (odds ratio: 1.83, 95% confidence interval: 1.08-3.10). CONCLUSION In this sample of EMS personnel, only recommended sleep duration was associated with ideal CVH. Future longitudinal studies are needed to understand the relationship between sleep, stress, and CVD in this understudied occupational group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E. Cash
- National Registry of Emergency Medical TechniciansColumbusOhioUSA
- Division of EpidemiologyThe Ohio State University College of Public HealthColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Sarah E. Anderson
- Division of EpidemiologyThe Ohio State University College of Public HealthColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Kathryn E. Lancaster
- Division of EpidemiologyThe Ohio State University College of Public HealthColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Bo Lu
- Division of BiostatisticsThe Ohio State University College of Public HealthColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Madison K. Rivard
- National Registry of Emergency Medical TechniciansColumbusOhioUSA
- Division of Health Behavior and Health PromotionThe Ohio State University College of Public HealthColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Carlos A. Camargo
- Department of Emergency MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ashish R. Panchal
- National Registry of Emergency Medical TechniciansColumbusOhioUSA
- Division of EpidemiologyThe Ohio State University College of Public HealthColumbusOhioUSA
- Department of Emergency MedicineThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOhioUSA
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Pallesen S, Bjorvatn B, Waage S, Harris A, Sagoe D. Prevalence of Shift Work Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Psychol 2021; 12:638252. [PMID: 33833721 PMCID: PMC8021760 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.638252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: No systematic review or meta-analysis concerning the prevalence of shift work disorder (SWD) has been conducted so far. The aim was thus to review prevalence studies of SWD, to calculate an overall prevalence by a random effects meta-analysis approach and investigate correlates of SWD prevalence using a random-effects meta-regression. Methods: Systematic searches were conducted in ISI Web of Science, PsycNET, PubMed, and Google Scholar using the search terms “shift work disorder” and “shift work sleep disorder.” No restrictions in terms of time frame were used. Included studies had to present original data on the prevalence of SWD in an occupational sample published in English. A total of 349 unique hits were made. In all, 29 studies were finally included from which two authors independently extracted data using predefined data fields. The meta-regression included four predictors (diagnostic criteria, study country, type of workers, and sample size). Results: The overall prevalence of SWD was 26.5% (95% confidence interval = 21.0–32.8). Cochran Q was 1,845.4 (df = 28, p < 0.001), and the I2 was 98.5%, indicating very high heterogeneity across the observed prevalence estimates. Diagnostic criteria (International Classification of Sleep Disorders-2 = 0, International Classification of Sleep Disorders-3 = 1) and sample size were inversely related to SWD prevalence. Conclusions: The prevalence of SWD was high across the included studies. The between-study disparity was large and was partly explained by diagnostic criteria and sample size. In order to facilitate comparative research on SWD, there is a need for validation and standardization of assessment methodology as well as agreement in terms of sample restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ståle Pallesen
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Optentia, The Vaal Triangle Campus of the North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Bjørn Bjorvatn
- Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Siri Waage
- Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anette Harris
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Dominic Sagoe
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Angehrn A, Vig KD, Mason JE, Stelnicki AM, Shields RE, Asmundson GJG, Carleton RN. Sex differences in mental disorder symptoms among Canadian police officers: the mediating role of social support, stress, and sleep quality. Cogn Behav Ther 2021; 51:3-20. [PMID: 33554743 DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2021.1877338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Police officers, and specifically women officers, report elevated mental disorder rates relative to the general population, which may be impacted by sleep quality, policing-related stress, and social support. In a sample of Canadian police officers, sex was indirectly related to post traumatic stress, depression, generalized anxiety, panic, and social anxiety symptoms through its relationships with social support and sleep quality, but not through policing-related stress. Sex was indirectly related to problematic alcohol use symptoms through sleep quality only. Differences in clinical symptom severity between both sexes may be partially accounted for by the worsened sleep quality reported by women officers relative to their men counterparts. Conversely, general social support appears to be a protective, albeit insufficient, factor influencing the mental health of women police officers. Male and women police officers did not differ in their reports of policing-related stress. The current results underscore the importance of incorporating strategies to improve sleep practices into police workplace environments. Additionally, findings that general social support and policing-related stress do not help explain the trend of increased clinical severity reported by women police suggest that more research is still needed to identify and delineate other contributing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréanne Angehrn
- Anxiety and Illness Behaviour Laboratory, University of Regina, Regina, Canada
| | - Kelsey D Vig
- Anxiety and Illness Behaviour Laboratory, University of Regina, Regina, Canada
| | - Julia E Mason
- Anxiety and Illness Behaviour Laboratory, University of Regina, Regina, Canada
| | - Andrea M Stelnicki
- Canadian Institute for Public Safety Research and Treatment, Regina, Canada
| | - Robyn E Shields
- Anxiety and Illness Behaviour Laboratory, University of Regina, Regina, Canada
| | | | - R Nicholas Carleton
- Anxiety and Illness Behaviour Laboratory, University of Regina, Regina, Canada.,Canadian Institute for Public Safety Research and Treatment, Regina, Canada
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Strauss M, Foshag P, Jehn U, Vollenberg R, Brzęk A, Leischik R. Exercise capacity, cardiovascular and metabolic risk of the sample of German police officers in a descriptive international comparison. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:2767-2775. [PMID: 34220304 PMCID: PMC8241769 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.60696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The police force has the mandate to protect citizens and enforce the law for public safety. Employment in the police force is recognized as a dangerous occupation and characterized by job-related physical hazards. Therefore, good health and adequate physical condition are necessary. This study aimed to determine cardiovascular, cardiorespiratory, and metabolic risk parameters of German police officers (POs) in comparison to POs from other nations. Methods: 55 male police officers from Germany participated in the survey. We examined anthropometric measurements, cardiovascular/metabolic risk factors and blood parameters. Additionally, we calculated 10-year cardiovascular risk using the Framingham Risk Score. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome bases on the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation. We assessed cardiorespiratory status by exercise spirometry. Results: The analyzed group of POs demonstrated a high prevalence of pre obesity (BMI: 28.0±3.2 kg/m², waist circumference: 97.8±12.4 cm). 61.8 % of POs showed an increased waist circumference. POs showed high prevalence of abnormal values of triglyceride (n: 24, 43,6%), and systolic (n: 29, 52,7%) and diastolic (n: 27, 49%) blood pressure. The average 10-year cardiovascular risk (by Framingham) was classified as moderate (9.6 ± 7.4 %). 32 % (n: 18) of POs in our study group were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. Maximal relative oxygen uptake of POs was 34.1 ± 8.0 ·ml/kg-1 ·min-1. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this study was one of the first to assess data on cardiovascular health, metabolic syndrome and cardiorespiratory status of police officers in Germany. The results of our study demonstrated an increased cardiovascular and metabolic risk and decreased cardiorespiratory fitness in German police officers. The present study results underline the need to implement health-promoting interventions and concepts like corporate sports activities or nutrition courses to counteract cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors. We have to reduce the subsequent development of cardiovascular and metabolic disease in this occupational group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Strauss
- Department of Cardiology I- Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Cardiol, 48149 Muenster, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, University Witten/Herdecke, 58095, Hagen, Germany
| | - Peter Foshag
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, University Witten/Herdecke, 58095, Hagen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Jehn
- Department of Medicine D, Division of General Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Hospital of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Richard Vollenberg
- Department of Medicine B, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Münster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Anna Brzęk
- Department of Physiotherapy, Chair of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Roman Leischik
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, University Witten/Herdecke, 58095, Hagen, Germany
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Steenbeek A, Giacomantonio C, Brooks A, Holmvall C, Yu Z, Rothfus M. Resilience support to enhance positive health outcomes for police officers in five Anglosphere nations: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e038895. [PMID: 33268408 PMCID: PMC7713211 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Law enforcement involves exposure to threatening situations and traumatic events that place police officers at risk for negative physical and mental health outcomes. Resilience support, among other elements of training, may help mitigate these risks, yet little is known about which aspects of resilience support help officers achieve better health and quality of life outcomes. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This review will consider all literature that examines the links between resilience support, physical/mental health and quality of life outcomes for police officers in five Anglosphere nations: Canada, the USA, Australia, New Zealand and the UK. This review will include all literature (including those that show null or negative links) involving any public policing agency that has a formal rank structure and includes a localized, uniformed emergency response function. Resilience support may include, but is not limited to: tools, policies, models, frameworks, programmes and organizational features that seek to promote positive, physical/mental health and quality of life outcomes at three levels of resilience: (1) readiness and preparedness, (2) response and adaptation, (3) recovery and adjustment. Peer reviewed and grey literature examining resilience support since 2000 that focuses on police officers are eligible for inclusion. Databases/sources to be searched will include: PsycINFO, Academic Search Premier, CINAHL, Public Affair Index, Campbell Collaboration, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, Business Source Complete, Scopus and Google. Retrieval of full-text, English-language studies (and other literature), data extraction, data synthesis and data mapping will be performed independently by two reviewers, following Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval is not required for this scoping review, and the literature search will start in November 2020 or upon acceptance of this protocol. The findings of the scoping review will be available [April 2021] and will be published in a peer reviewed journal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Steenbeek
- Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Aligning Health Needs and Evidence for Transformative Change (AH-NET-C): A Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence, School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Arlene Brooks
- Halifax Regional Police, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Camilla Holmvall
- Psychology & Management, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Ziwa Yu
- Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Aligning Health Needs and Evidence for Transformative Change (AH-NET-C): A Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence, School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Melissa Rothfus
- W.K. Kellogg Health Sciences Library, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Ma CC, Gu JK, Andrew ME, Fekedulegn D, Violanti JM, Klein B, Tinney-Zara C, Charles LE. Associations of Sleep Measures with Retinal Microvascular Diameters among Police Officers. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2020; 27:487-497. [PMID: 32576060 PMCID: PMC7572729 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2020.1783688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined cross-sectional associations of sleep measures with central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE) and central retinal vein equivalent (CRVE) and investigated whether sex and race/ethnicity modified these associations. METHODS Participants (N = 202; 78% white; 71% men) were enrolled in the Buffalo Cardio-metabolic Occupational Police Stress study (2011-2014). Wrist actigraphy was used to assess sleep measures including sleep duration, sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset, number of awakenings, and longest wake episode. CRAE and CRVE were obtained from fundus photography of retina and were averaged from both eyes per officer. RESULTS We observed significant associations between sleep efficiency and CRVE (β = -2.81 µm; P= .046), and between longest wake episode and CRVE (β = 3.24 µm; P= .021). Adjustments for demographics, lifestyles, and physical and psychological factors attenuated these associations. Sex modified the independent associations of sleep onset latency and longest wake episode with CRVE. One standard deviation (SD) increase in sleep onset latency was associated with 4.81 µm larger CRVE (P= .028) (P-interaction = 0.098), and one SD increase in longest wake episode was associated with 4.62 µm larger CRVE (P= .032) (P-interaction = 0.115) among men. Race/ethnicity also modified the association between longest wake episode and CRVE (P-interaction = 0.088). A significant association was observed only among white officers (β = 4.96 µm; P= .025). CONCLUSIONS We found that poor sleep quality, measured by longest wake episode, was positively and independently associated with retinal venular diameter among white and male officers. Longitudinal studies are warranted to assess whether poor sleep quality is a risk factor for retinal diameter changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia C Ma
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Bioanalytics Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA
| | - Ja K Gu
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Bioanalytics Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA
| | - Michael E Andrew
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Bioanalytics Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA
| | - Desta Fekedulegn
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Bioanalytics Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA
| | - John M Violanti
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Barbara Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Cathy Tinney-Zara
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Bioanalytics Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA
| | - Luenda E Charles
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Bioanalytics Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA
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Yuan L, Zhu L, Chen F, Cheng Q, Yang Q, Zhou ZZ, Zhu Y, Wu Y, Zhou Y, Zha X. A Survey of Psychological Responses During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Epidemic among Chinese Police Officers in Wuhu. Healthc Policy 2020; 13:2689-2697. [PMID: 33244282 PMCID: PMC7685359 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s269886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has presented serious threats to people’s health and lives. Police officers are bravely fighting on the front lines of the epidemic. The main purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and severity of psychological responses among police officers during the COVID-19 pandemic and find influencing factors in depression and anxiety. Methods A cross-sectional online questionnaire was administered to police officers in Wuhu through WeChat, and data were collected between March 10 and 26, 2020. A total of 3,561 questionnaires were received, of which 3,517 were considered valid. The questionnaires included demographic information and a psychological survey. The depression scale of the Patient Health QuestionnaireQ9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale were utilized to assess depression and anxiety, respectively. Results The mean depression score of participants was 4.10±4.87 (0–27), and 12.17%had moderate–severe depression. The mean anxiety score of participants was 3.59±4.228 (0–21), and 8.79% had moderate–severe anxiety. Older and married police officers were at higher risk of anxiety. Those with a bachelor’s degree or above, living near the city center, and taking sleeping pills were at greater risk of depression and anxiety. Auxiliary police had lower depression and anxiety scores. Depression scores were strongly correlated withanxiety scores (r=0.863, p<0.001). Conclusion Our findings identify factors associated with higher levels of depression and anxiety that can be utilized to develop psychological interventions to improve the mental health of vulnerable populations during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Yuan
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lele Zhu
- Health Management Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Department of Psychology, Fourth People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Cheng
- Health Management Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Zhou Zhou
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujuan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yigao Wu
- Department of Psychology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Health Management Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Zha
- Health Management Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
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Experimental sleep loss, racial bias, and the decision criterion to shoot in the Police Officer's Dilemma task. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20581. [PMID: 33239735 PMCID: PMC7688945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77522-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Violent behavior, police brutality, and racial discrimination are currently at the forefront of society’s attention, and they should be. We investigated whether mild sleep loss—as typical for many adults throughout the work week—could aggravate the socio-emotional-cognitive processes contributing to violence and discrimination. In a sample of 40 healthy young adults, we either experimentally restricted participants’ sleep for four nights (6.2 h/night) or let participants obtain normal sleep (7.7 h/night)—and then had them complete the Police Officer’s Dilemma Task. In this computerized task, the participant must rapidly decide to shoot or not shoot at White and Black men who either are or are not holding a gun. Results showed significant racial biases, including more and quicker shooting of Black targets compared to White targets. Furthermore, signal detection analyses demonstrated that mild sleep restriction changed participants’ decision criterion, increasing the tendency to shoot, even when controlling for psychomotor vigilance, fluid intelligence, and self-reported desirability to behave in a socially acceptable manner. The increased tendency to shoot was also observed in participants who reported believing that they had adapted to the sleep loss. Future experimental research using trained police officers will help establish the generalizability of these laboratory effects. Importantly, sleep loss is modifiable via organization-level changes (e.g., shift scheduling, light entrainment) and individual-level interventions (e.g., sleep hygiene education, incentives for behavioral change), suggesting that if sleep loss is corrected, it could save lives—including Black lives.
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Garbarino S, Tripepi G, Magnavita N. Sleep Health Promotion in the Workplace. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17217952. [PMID: 33138203 PMCID: PMC7663389 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Poor sleep and sleepiness in the workplace are associated with accidents. A workplace sleep health promotion program was implemented in an Italian police unit. Of the 242 police officers in the unit, 218 (90%) agreed to take part in the program. A crossover trial was made in which the police officers were divided into two groups that performed sleep health promotion activities in the first and second year, respectively. The first group of officers showed significant sleep improvements at the end of the first year, while the second group had similar or worse parameters than at baseline. At follow-up, a significant improvement in the quantity and quality of sleep was reported in both groups. Sleep improvements at follow-up were associated with a marked reduction in the frequency of accidents at work and near-misses. Before the intervention, sleepiness was the best predictor of injuries (aOR 1.220; CI95% 1.044–1.426) and near-misses (aOR 1.382; CI95% 1.182–1.615). At follow-up, when sleep conditions had improved, insomnia symptoms were the most significant predictors of work accidents (aOR 13.358; CI95% 2.353–75.818). Sleep health promotion can be useful in police officers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Garbarino
- Post-Graduate School of Occupational Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; or
- State Police Health Service Department, Ministry of the Interior, 00198 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal-Infantile Sciences, University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Giovanni Tripepi
- Research Unit of Reggio Calabria, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Italian National Research Council, 89124 Calabria, Italy;
| | - Nicola Magnavita
- Post-Graduate School of Occupational Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; or
- Department of Woman/Child & Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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XIONG M, LIU X, YOU L, CHEN X. [Relationship between sleep quality and bone mineral density in urban residents]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2020; 49:431-438. [PMID: 32985155 PMCID: PMC8800768 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2020.08.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between sleep quality and bone mineral density (BMD) in urban residents. METHODS Data of 28 756 Han adults (14 355 males and 14 401 females), who completed both Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) assessment and radial BMD tests by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in the Health Management Center of Southwest China University from June 2012 to June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The degree of sleep disorder was determined based on PSQI scores, while osteopenia and osteoporosis was diagnosed according to BMD T-value. The χ2 test and multiple regression model were used to investigate the relationship between sleep quality and BMD. RESULTS The numbers of normal BMD, osteoponia and osteoporosis were 17 039 (59.3%), 7916(27.5%) and 3801(13.2%), respectively. The mean PSQI score was 5.6±1.4 points. According to PSQI scores, there were 15 936 subjects without sleep disorder (55.4%), 5965 with mild (20.7%), 4897 with moderate (17.0%) and 1958 with severe sleep disorder (6.8%), respectively. There was no significant difference in osteoponia/osteoporosis rate between subjects with mild sleep disorder and normal ones (χ2=0.948, P>0.05), while the rate of osteoporosis in moderate sleep disorder group was higher than that in mild group (χ2=525.583, P<0.01), and the rate of osteoponia/osteoporosis in severe sleep disorder group was much higher than that in moderate group (χ2=1124.877, P<0.01). Multiple regression results showed that female, elders, mental labor, smoking and higher PSQI scores were independently associated with lower T-value (all P<0.05), while moderate to intense daily physical activity was associated with higher T-value (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Sleep disturbances may be a major risk factor for BMD loss in urban residents, indicating that it would be a potential target of osteoporosis prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiang LIU
- 刘翔(1980-), 男, 学士, 主治医师, 主要从事社区常见慢性病防治、临床内科学、健康教育及健康促进研究; E-mail:
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3971-218X
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Cash RE, Anderson SE, Lancaster KE, Lu B, Rivard MK, Camargo CA, Panchal AR. Comparing the Prevalence of Poor Sleep and Stress Metrics in Basic versus Advanced Life Support Emergency Medical Services Personnel. PREHOSP EMERG CARE 2020; 24:644-656. [DOI: 10.1080/10903127.2020.1758259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E. Cash
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (REC, CAC)
| | - Sarah E. Anderson
- National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians, Columbus, OH (REC, MKR, ARP)
| | - Kathryn E. Lancaster
- Division of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH (REC, SEA, KEL, ARP)
| | - Bo Lu
- Division of Biostatistics, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH (BL)
| | - Madison K. Rivard
- Division of Health Behavior and Health Promotion, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH (MKR)
| | - Carlos A. Camargo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH (ARP)
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Dong H, Zhang Q, Zhu C, Lv Q. Sleep quality of nurses in the emergency department of public hospitals in China and its influencing factors: a cross-sectional study. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2020; 18:116. [PMID: 32349759 PMCID: PMC7191763 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-020-01374-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have shown that poor sleep could result in many unpleasant consequences and is prevalent in nurses. Considering the fact of high stress, overwhelming workload and many night shifts in the emergency department in China, this study aimed to evaluate the current status of emergency nurses’ sleep quality in public hospitals in Shandong, China and explored its influencing factors. Methods A self-administered questionnaire incorporating the Job Content Questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was conducted among 4856 emergency nurses in five randomly selected city emergency command systems in Shandong, China. The association of potential influencing factors, including occupational, psychosocial and individual factors, with poor sleep (PSQI> 5) was quantified by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results The average PSQI score of 4730 emergency nurses in public hospitals was 8.2 ± 3.9, including 3114 (65.8%) subjects with PSQI > 5 and 2905 (61.4%) > 8; these figures were found highest for 337 emergency nurses in 14 tertiary hospitals with 11.8 ± 4.3, 257 (76.3%) and 232 (68.8%), followed by 1044 emergency nurses in 43 secondary hospitals with 9.5 ± 3.9, 725 (69.4%) and 675 (64.7%) and 3349 emergency nurses in 167 primary hospitals with 7.4 ± 3.5, 2132 (63.7%) and 1998 (59.7%). The following factors were associated with poor sleep: hospital level (tertiary vs. primary, secondary vs. primary), female sex, less of exercise, long work hours per week, many patients in the charge of at night, high monthly night shift frequency (4–6 vs. never, ≥7 vs. never) and high occupational stress. Conclusions The sleep quality of emergency nurses in public hospitals in China was poor, especially in tertiary hospitals. Many factors as listed above, especially occupational stress, night shift taking and workload at night, should be considered when improving emergency nurses’ sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Dong
- Shouguang People's Hospital. Shouguang People's Hospital, NO. 3173 Jiankang Street, Shouguang, Weifang, 262700, Shandong Province, China. .,School of Nursing, Weifang University of Science and Technology, NO. 1299 Jinguang Street, Shouguang, Weifang, 262700, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Shouguang People's Hospital. Shouguang People's Hospital, NO. 3173 Jiankang Street, Shouguang, Weifang, 262700, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chunji Zhu
- Shouguang People's Hospital. Shouguang People's Hospital, NO. 3173 Jiankang Street, Shouguang, Weifang, 262700, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qian Lv
- Shouguang People's Hospital. Shouguang People's Hospital, NO. 3173 Jiankang Street, Shouguang, Weifang, 262700, Shandong Province, China
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Angehrn A, Teale Sapach MJN, Ricciardelli R, MacPhee RS, Anderson GS, Carleton RN. Sleep Quality and Mental Disorder Symptoms among Canadian Public Safety Personnel. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17082708. [PMID: 32326489 PMCID: PMC7215514 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Poor sleep quality is associated with numerous mental health concerns and poorer overall physical health. Sleep disturbances are commonly reported by public safety personnel (PSP) and may contribute to the risk of developing mental disorders or exacerbate mental disorder symptoms. The current investigation was designed to provide estimates of sleep disturbances among PSP and explore the relationship between sleep quality and mental health status. PSP completed screening measures for sleep quality and diverse mental disorders through an online survey. Respondents (5813) were grouped into six categories: communications officials, correctional workers, firefighters, paramedics, police officers, and Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP). Many PSP in each category reported symptoms consistent with clinical insomnia (49-60%). Rates of sleep disturbances differed among PSP categories (p < 0.001, ω = 0.08). Sleep quality was correlated with screening measures for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and alcohol use disorder for all PSP categories (r = 0.18-0.70, p < 0.001). PSP who screened positive for insomnia were 3.43-6.96 times more likely to screen positive for a mental disorder. All PSP reported varying degrees of sleep quality, with the lowest disturbances found among firefighters and municipal/provincial police. Sleep appears to be a potentially important factor for PSP mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréanne Angehrn
- Anxiety and Illness Behaviours Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +1-(306)-337-2473; Fax: +1-(306)-337-3275
| | - Michelle J. N. Teale Sapach
- Anxiety and Illness Behaviours Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Rosemary Ricciardelli
- Department of Sociology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Saint John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Renée S. MacPhee
- Department of Kinesiology & Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Gregory S. Anderson
- Office of Applied Research and Graduate Studies, Justice Institute of British Columbia, New Westminster, BC V3L 5T4, Canada
| | - R. Nicholas Carleton
- Anxiety and Illness Behaviours Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
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Riedy SM, Fekedulegn D, Andrew M, Vila B, Dawson D, Violanti J. Generalizability of a biomathematical model of fatigue's sleep predictions. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:564-572. [PMID: 32241186 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1746798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Biomathematical models of fatigue (BMMF) predict fatigue during a work-rest schedule on the basis of sleep-wake histories. In the absence of actual sleep-wake histories, sleep-wake histories are predicted directly from work-rest schedules. The predicted sleep-wake histories are then used to predict fatigue. It remains to be determined whether workers organize their sleep similarly across operations and thus whether sleep predictions generalize.Methods: Officers (n = 173) enrolled in the Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Occupational Police Stress study were studied. Officers' sleep-wake behaviors were measured using wrist-actigraphy and predicted using a BMMF (FAID Quantum) parameterized in aviation and rail. Sleepiness (i.e. Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) ratings) was predicted using actual and predicted sleep-wake data. Data were analyzed using sensitivity analyses.Results: During officers' 16.0 ± 1.9 days of study participation, they worked 8.6 ± 3.1 shifts and primarily worked day shifts and afternoon shifts. Across shifts, 7.0 h ± 1.9 h of actual sleep were obtained in the prior 24 h and associated peak KSS ratings were 5.7 ± 1.3. Across shifts, 7.2 h ± 1.1 h of sleep were predicted in the prior 24 h and associated peak KSS ratings were 5.5 ± 1.2. The minute-by-minute predicted and actual sleep-wake data demonstrated high sensitivity (80.4%). However, sleep was observed at all hours-of-the-day, but sleep was rarely predicted during the daytime hours.Discussion: The sleep-wake behaviors predicted by a BMMF parameterized in aviation and rail demonstrated high sensitivity with police officers' actual sleep-wake behaviors. Additional night shift data are needed to conclude whether BMMF sleep predictions generalize across operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Riedy
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA.,Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Desta Fekedulegn
- Bioanalytics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Michael Andrew
- Bioanalytics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Bryan Vila
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA.,Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Drew Dawson
- Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University, Wayville, SA, Australia
| | - John Violanti
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Factors Associated with Sleep Disorders among Methadone-Maintained Drug Users in Vietnam. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16224315. [PMID: 31698771 PMCID: PMC6887969 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sleep quality among heroin-dependent patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is not fully investigated in Vietnam. This study explored the prevalence of poor sleep quality in methadone-maintained patients and associated factors. This cross-sectional included 395 MMT patients at three clinics in Nam Dinh province, Vietnam. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was employed to measure patients’ sleep quality. Sociodemographic, clinical, behavioral, psychological, and social support characteristics were collected. Multivariate Logistic and Generalized Linear Regression models were applied to identify associated factors. Among 395 patients, 26.6% had poor sleep quality according to the PSQI scale. People having jobs were less likely to have poor sleep quality and lower PSQI scores compared to unemployed patients. Those having spouses had lower PSQI scores than single patients. High depression, anxiety, and stress scores were associated with poor sleep quality and high PSQI scores. A longer duration of MMT increased the likelihood of experiencing poor sleep quality. Patients smoking tobacco daily or concurrently using drugs had lower PSQI scores than those that did not. This study highlights a moderate prevalence of poor sleep quality among Vietnamese MMT patients. Regular evaluation, appropriate psychological management, and social support, as well as the provision of employment opportunities, potentially improve the sleep quality of methadone-maintained patients.
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Garbarino S, Magnavita N. Sleep problems are a strong predictor of stress-related metabolic changes in police officers. A prospective study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224259. [PMID: 31639178 PMCID: PMC6804978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have shown that workers chronically exposed to occupational stress have an increased risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and sleep problems (SPs). The purpose of this study was to verify whether SPs mediate the relationship between stress and MetS. METHOD A 5-year prospective cohort study included 242 police officers from a rapid response unit engaged exclusively in maintaining law and order. Perceived stress levels were measured repeatedly with the demand-control-support and the effort-reward-imbalance questionnaires; insomnia symptoms were assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; excessive daytime sleepiness was measured using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. MetS and its components were evaluated at baseline and at follow-up. RESULTS During 5-year follow-up period, 26 new cases of MetS were identified. Both occupational stress and SPs were significantly related to incident cases of MetS. Insomnia symptoms showed a highly significant association with MetS (aOR 11.038; CI95% 2.867-42.493). Mediation analysis confirmed that SPs mediate the relationship between stress and MetS. A reciprocal relationship was found between job stress and SPs. Work-related stress was a significant predictor of insomnia symptoms, short sleep duration, sleep dissatisfaction, and sleepiness. Compared to the reference group, police officers with SPs at baseline had significantly higher odds of reporting high stress at follow-up. CONCLUSION SPs play a mediating role in the relationship between occupational stress and MetS. Prevention of MetS must include the control of stress factors and an increase in the resilience of workers, but correct sleep hygiene is also an essential factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Garbarino
- Post-graduate School of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- State Police Health Service Department, Ministry of the Interior, Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal-Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicola Magnavita
- Post-graduate School of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Woman/Child & Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Purba A, Demou E. The relationship between organisational stressors and mental wellbeing within police officers: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1286. [PMID: 31615479 PMCID: PMC6792329 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7609-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Occupational stressors in police work increase the risk for officer mental health morbidities. Officers’ poor mental wellbeing is harmful to the individual, can affect professionalism, organisational effectiveness, and public safety. While the impact of operational stressors on officers’ mental wellbeing is well documented, no review has systematically investigated organisational stressor impacts. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review to assess the relationship between organisational stressors and police officer mental wellbeing. Methods Systematic review conducted following PRISMA and Cochrane Collaboration guidelines. Literature search was undertaken from 1990 to May 2017 on four databases (EBSCOHOST Medline/SocINDEX/PsycINFO/OVID Embase) and grey literature. Included articles were critically appraised and assessed for risk of bias. Narrative and evidence syntheses were performed by specific mental health outcomes. Results In total, 3571 results were returned, and 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. All included studies were published in English between 1995 and 2016, had cross-sectional study designs, spanned across four continents and covered 15,150 officers. Strong evidence of significant associations was identified for organisational stressors and the outcomes of: occupational stress, psychiatric symptoms/psychological distress, emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment. The organisational stressors most often demonstrating consistently significant associations with mental health outcomes included lack of support, demand, job pressure, administrative/organisational pressure and long working-hours. Conclusions This review is the first to systematically examine organisational stressors and mental health in police officers. Organisational stressors that can be targeted by interventions and policy changes to secure officer wellbeing, a healthy work environment, and benefits to the organisation and the public are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrit Purba
- Public Health, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8RZ, UK
| | - Evangelia Demou
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G2 3AX, UK.
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