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Sadegh Mohammadi F, Spencer CM. Intimate Partner Violence and Attachment Styles as Factors Associated with Coping Stress Styles Among Iranian Women. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024:8862605241249499. [PMID: 38742606 DOI: 10.1177/08862605241249499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The current study sought to examine attachment styles as mediators between intimate partner violence (IPV) and stress coping styles among Iranian women. Data were collected from September to December 2020. The study population was composed of 102 women who were referred to Social Emergency Centers in Isfahan and affected by domestic violence. They were given self-report questionnaires to measure IPV (the Haj-Yahia Violence Questionnaire), Stress Coping Styles (CISS), and Attachment Styles (AAQ). Structural Equation Modeling was used to test the hypothesized relationships. Sexual IPV victimization was related to both avoidant attachment (β = .229, p = .015) and anxious attachment (β = .245, p = .008). Anxious attachment style was related to emotion-oriented coping (β = .437, p = .000). There was a negative relationship between avoidant attachment and anxious attachment (β = -.237, p = .032) with avoidance-oriented coping. Sexual IPV victimization and economic IPV victimization were associated with avoidance-oriented coping (β = -.225, t = 0.816, p = .015; β = .188, t = 0.816, p = .044). Women who had experienced IPV and had an insecure attachment style were more likely to utilize avoidance and emotional coping strategies. For women who had a secure attachment style, there was no association was found between IPV victimization and coping styles. Attachment styles may influence the relationship between IPV and coping strategies in Iranian women who have experienced violence.
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Abuhammad S, Al-Natour A, Abu Al-Rub S, Hamaideh S. Intimate partner violence and quality of life among mothers in Jordan during COVID-19 era. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298669. [PMID: 38626014 PMCID: PMC11020492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS The study aims to examine the correlation between intimate partner violence [IPV] and quality of life [HRQoL] of mothers during COVID-19 era. METHOD This study is a cross-sectional correlational study. The inclusion criteria was Jordanian women with at least 18 years old, who read and write in Arabic language and able to participate. The collection of data was done through a self-reported questionnaire distributed and completely filled with 300 married Jordanian women using social media. This study was conducted between the months of October and December 2020. The participants signed consent after being informed of their rights to exit at any point during the study and the study methods. RESULTS The prevalence of IPV among women was 28.3. The mean of quality of life is 86.0 [SD = 13.1) and the mean of violence is 11.9 [SD = 3.01). There was a significant negative relationship between violence and quality of life (r2 = .224, p = .001). This means as the violence increases, the quality-of-life decreases. CONCLUSION In conclusion, there is an association between IPV and HRQoL among married people. Providing an education program and vital resources for women with the goal of preventing COVID-19 violence and assisting Jordanians become very essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan Abuhammad
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ahlam Al-Natour
- Department of Community and Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Sarah Abu Al-Rub
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Shaher Hamaideh
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
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Ramasubramani P, Krishnamoorthy Y, Vijayakumar K, Rushender R. Burden, trend and determinants of various forms of domestic violence among reproductive age-group women in India: findings from nationally representative surveys. J Public Health (Oxf) 2024; 46:e1-e14. [PMID: 37717950 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdad178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Violence, a notable human rights concern, has a public health impact across the globe. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and determinants of domestic violence among ever-married women aged 18-49 years in India. METHODS Secondary data analysis with National Family Health Survey 5, 2019-21 data (NFHS-5) was conducted. The complex sampling design of the survey was accounted-for during analysis. The primary outcome was domestic violence. Prevalence was reported with 95% confidence interval (CI). Prevalence ratio was reported to provide the factors associated with domestic violence using Poisson regression. RESULTS About 63 796 ever-married women aged 18-49 years covered under domestic violence module of NFHS-5 survey were included. Prevalence of domestic violence (12 months preceding the survey) was 31.9% (95% CI: 30.9-32.9%). Physical violence (28.3%) was the most common form followed by emotional (14.1%) and sexual violence (6.1%). Women with low education, being employed, husband being uneducated or with coercive behavior had significantly higher prevalence of domestic violence. CONCLUSIONS One-third of the reproductive age-group women were facing some form of domestic violence. Target group interventions like violence awareness campaigns, women supportive services and stringent law enforcement should be implemented to eliminate domestic violence by year 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premkumar Ramasubramani
- Department of Community Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Puducherry, India
| | - Yuvaraj Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Community Medicine, ESIC Medical College and PGIMSR, K.K. Nagar, Chennai, India
| | - Karthiga Vijayakumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India
| | - Rajan Rushender
- Department of Community Medicine, Aarupadai Veedu Medical College, Puducherry, India
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Mughal FB, Saint Arnault D. Protective Factors Affecting Trauma Recovery Among Female South Asian Immigrant Intimate Partner Violence Survivors: A Scoping Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024:15248380241231602. [PMID: 38389397 DOI: 10.1177/15248380241231602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a pressing public health issue affecting women worldwide. Thirty percent of women experience some form of violence throughout their lifetime globally, and South Asian countries have a higher prevalence of IPV (33%-51%). Notably, IPV has detrimental psychological impacts not only on women but also on their children. Despite this, limited empirical attention has explored protective factors for IPV trauma recovery. This review examines protective factors aiding South Asian immigrant IPV survivors' trauma recovery using Joanna Briggs Institute JBI methodology. The study draws on PubMed, Scopus, and PsychINFO data, resulting in 20 articles retrieved using Rayyan software. Protective factor's themes and subthemes revealed in the literature operated at multiple levels, including personal, interpersonal, community, and professional factors. Personal factors were selfhood, collective self, and adaptation, as well as those that enabled the utilization of interpersonal, community, and professional factors; interpersonal factors were family and friends, children as motivators, and religion; and community and professional factors were resources and technology usage. Immigrant status and culture significantly impacted the protective factors, acting as barriers among some IPV survivors. Therefore, future research should focus on exploring the experiences and cultural values of South Asian immigrant women with other influencing factors that may hinder the development and impact of protective factors on IPV trauma recovery. These findings can help design culturally sensitive support services that incorporate the unique needs of female South Asian immigrant IPV survivors.
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Planas-Lladó A, Garcia-Molsosa M, Vidal EI, Ribas PB, Soler-Masó P, Montserrat C. What do children say about seeking help in situations of gender-based violence? Different perspectives depending on whether they have experienced such situations or not. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 144:106349. [PMID: 37562289 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As highlighted in recent studies, children could have a relevant role to play in seeking help in cases of gender-based violence at home, contributing to early detection and empowering them as rights holders and masters of their own lives. Notwithstanding, multiple obstacles to them doing so have been detected. OBJECTIVE To find out expectations of help among children, seeking the differences between those who have experienced gender-based violence at home and those who have not, by gender and age. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING 3664 schoolchildren from 8 to 18 years old (Meanage = 13.16, girls = 50.7 %, secondary school = 64.6 %, primary school = 35.4 %) in Catalonia (Spain). METHODS Quantitative study. Children responded to an on-line questionnaire. Bivariate analysis and binary multiple logistic regression were used. RESULTS Children would like to take an active role in seeking help, but were afraid of the consequences and did not know how, or who to ask. Older children and those who had experienced gender-based violence at home were less likely to ask for help (β = -0.66, [-0.99 - -0.34], p < .001 and β = -0.67, [-1.04 - -0.27], p < .001, respectively), and were less trusting of adults. CONCLUSIONS In seeking help, children demand safe services, with clearly identifiable helpers available, able to protect them and their family. Training adults they can trust such as teachers is key. Educating children about what gender-based violence is and where they can seek help is also important.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pere Soler-Masó
- Universitat de Girona, Plaça Sant Domènec 9, 17004 Girona, Spain.
| | - Carme Montserrat
- Universitat de Girona, Plaça Sant Domènec 9, 17004 Girona, Spain.
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Nakamura IB, Silva MT, Garcia LP, Galvao TF. Prevalence of Physical Violence Against Brazilian Women: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:329-339. [PMID: 34236005 DOI: 10.1177/15248380211029410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Violence against women is a major problem in Brazil, but data on its prevalence are scarce. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of physical violence against women in Brazil. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of physical violence against women. Population-based researches that assessed physical violence in Brazilian women were searched on MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and VHL/BIREME. The last search update was carried out in March 2020. Two researchers selected the studies, extracted the data, and assessed the quality of the eligible studies. Summary of prevalence and 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using Freeman-Tukey double arccosine transformation, weighted by the official local population size. Heterogeneity was estimated by I 2 and investigated by meta-regression analyses. Of 3,408 reports, 13 studies carried out from 1999 to 2016 (n = 25,781 women) were included. Most studies had limitations on sample size (5/13) and response rate (7/13). The prevalence of physical violence was 22.4% in lifetime (95% CI [21.6, 23.2%]; I 2 = 99.0%), and 11.5% in previous year (95% CI [11.1, 11.9%]; I 2 = 99.5%). Assuring privacy during interview significantly increased the prevalence (p = .028; residual I 2 = 80.0%). Higher prevalence was also observed in studies with adequate sample source, validated questionnaire, and privacy (in both recall periods), potentially due to lower risk of nonresponse bias. Over two in 10 Brazilian women suffered physical violence during their lives, and over one tenth, in the previous year. Measurement of outcome affected the prevalence; privacy should be assured for the interviewee for future reliable estimates in the country.
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Rivas‐Rivero E, Bonilla‐Algovia E. Stressful life events: Typology of aggression and mistreatment in male perpetrators of gender-based violence. Scand J Psychol 2022; 63:705-714. [PMID: 35766343 PMCID: PMC9796499 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyze groups based on the stressful life events suffered and to know the relationship of these profiles with the type of abuse exercised against women in the couple. A sample of 118 heterosexual men who perpetrated gender-based violence was used, with a mean age of 40.46 years (SD = 11.14). The results show that those who suffered a greater number of adverse experiences abused their partners more frequently and with a more aggravated character. In addition, knowing typologies based on previous stressful life events could favor specific interventions in the elimination of the normalization of violence as a maladaptive relational strategy. It is necessary to continue investigating the characteristics of men who exercise gender-based violence, as well as to analyze previous exposure to violence in the family of origin due to the influence it exerts on subsequent abuse.
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Tessitore F, Margherita G. From struggle to hope: A gender-sensitive investigation on Nigerian male and female asylum seekers' experiences. J Prev Interv Community 2022; 50:375-390. [PMID: 34126042 DOI: 10.1080/10852352.2021.1935195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The study presents a qualitative and culturally-sensitive investigation of the lived experiences of the forced migration of six Nigerian asylum seekers, three men and three women, hosted in Italy. Through a focus on gender identity issues, the study aimed to explore possible gender differences between participants and define their specific needs, requirements and characteristics. Overall, the gender-focused perspective through which we explored participants' subjective experiences has enriched our understanding of their unique life stories, shedding light on the psychic dimensions as well as on the social and cultural inscriptions of their gender identity and providing insights on the different ways in which Nigerian women and men made sense of their experiences of displacement, migration, violence and trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giorgia Margherita
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Di Napoli I, Scioli A, Arcidiacono C. Introduction. J Prev Interv Community 2022; 50:337-343. [PMID: 35658827 DOI: 10.1080/10852352.2021.1935194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This issue serves as a companion piece to a previous JPIC publication (n. 3, 2022), edited by Fortuna Procentese and Laura Migliorini, which served primarily to describe the individual and societal burdens associated with the current migrant crisis, and to present state-of-the-art methods for continuing research in this area. Conversely, the aims of the present volume are to deepen how existing psychological knowledge related to migration issues, inform future scientific, and technological responses as well as cultural and political advances and what additional research is required on this topic.
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Sorrentino A, Cinquegrana V, Guida C. Risk Factors for Intimate Partner Femicide-Suicide in Italy: An Ecological Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10431. [PMID: 36012066 PMCID: PMC9408495 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the intimate partner femicide (IPF) and intimate partner femicide-suicide (IPFS) perpetrators' individual, relational, and contextual characteristics by analyzing, within the ecological approach, femicide cases that occurred in Italy from 2010 to 2019. On the topic, to date, scant studies examined possible differences between IPF and IPFS risk factors, and no studies have analyzed these factors by adopting an ecological systems model perspective. To this aim, archival research was carried out. Of a total of 1.207 femicides, 409 were IPF, and 227 were IPFS. Perpetrators' age, level of employment, law enforcement membership, mental and/or physical illnesses, use of psychoactive substances, previous crimes, previous violent relationships, presence of children, previous violence in the couple, inability to accept the end of the relationship, quarrels and conflict, jealousy and the psychophysical illnesses of both authors and victims, as well as the use of firearms and victim's request for help were analyzed. The results underlined the existence of different risk factors contributing to the IPF perpetrators' decision to commit suicide such as perpetrators' age, law enforcement membership, and firearm availability. These findings stress the need for specific risk assessment and management strategies for IPFS perpetrators.
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Lorusso M, Albanesi C. When the context rows against. Voicing parents of transgender children and teenagers in Italy: A qualitative study. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/casp.2518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maric Lorusso
- Department of Psychology, Campus Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Cinzia Albanesi
- Department of Psychology, Campus Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna Bologna Italy
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Esposito C, Di Napoli I, Agueli B, Marino L, Procentese F, Arcidiacono C. Well-Being and the COVID-19 Pandemic. EUROPEAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. The purpose of this systematic review is to analyze the COVID-19 pandemic’s effects through the lens of community psychology. Our study applied PRISMA methodology, and it was carried out using the PsycInfo, PubMed, Embase, and EBSCO databases utilizing the keywords “connectedness,” “resilience,” “shared action,” “social action,” “trust,” “individual well-being,” and “social well-being.” We selected 12 of 216 eligible publications based on the inclusion criteria. The results indicated that the role of trust in institutions and others is a protective factor for communities that experience crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, developing social actions promoted connections and social support and that, in the absence of in-person communication, online communication promoted connections and reduced psychological distress and isolation. Finally, the study revealed that some psychosocial factors stem from declines in people’s well-being due to the pandemic and subsequent lockdowns. Furthermore, our findings highlighted the role of technology as a positive communication tool for promoting connectedness and social support, as well as the social function of trust in institutions. Our results suggested that community interactions at the local and virtual levels should be viewed as positive actions to support institutions in detecting the most effective social intervention measures to stimulate individual and community well-being during the pandemic. These findings may serve as a guide for health policymakers in their efforts to face the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic supporting beneficial strategies for social planning and effective public policies. Finally, both the strengths and limitations of the research will be discussed in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Esposito
- Department of Humanities, Community Psychology Lab, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Immacolata Di Napoli
- Department of Humanities, Community Psychology Lab, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Barbara Agueli
- Department of Humanities, Community Psychology Lab, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Leda Marino
- Department of Humanities, Community Psychology Lab, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Fortuna Procentese
- Department of Humanities, Community Psychology Lab, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Caterina Arcidiacono
- Department of Humanities, Community Psychology Lab, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
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The Role of Mindfulness in the Intimate Relationships and Psychological Wellbeing in Emerging Adulthood. SOCIAL SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci10070259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the impact of mindfulness on psychological wellbeing, anxiety, and avoidance in couple relationships. In emerging adulthood, intimate relationships are associated with life satisfaction and changes that can cause psychological maladjustment. This study seeks to determine if dispositional mindfulness acts as a protective variable between psychological wellbeing, anxiety, and avoidance and identify the factors that are protectors. A sample was obtained of 391 young university students between 18 and 25 years old. The Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, the Ryff Scales of Psychological Wellbeing, and the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale were used. The results show that the highest levels of dispositional mindfulness are associated with greater psychological wellbeing. Dispositional mindfulness cannot act as a protective variable against anxiety and avoidance, and values were non-significant in intimate relationships. It is necessary to continue investigating the most protective facets of mindfulness for both anxiety and avoidance.
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Rosales-Villacrés MDL, Oyanadel C, Changotasig-Loja D, Peñate-Castro W. Effects of a Mindfulness and Acceptance-Based Program on Intimate Relationships in a Youth Sample: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Behav Sci (Basel) 2021; 11:84. [PMID: 34207538 PMCID: PMC8227934 DOI: 10.3390/bs11060084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intimate relationship conflicts in young people are crucial experiences for change. They can lead to more or less satisfactory relationships, depending on individuals' skills to cope with these conflicts. This may or may not lead to violence in couples. Acceptance and self-regulation processes are an effective strategy to address individual factors such as avoidance and anxiety in intimate relationships of people in these age groups, thus preventing violence. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of an eight-session mindfulness and acceptance-based program (MAP). Participants (n = 40), who were aged from 18 to 25 years old, were randomly assigned to a group receiving the MAP or an active control group. Outcome measures were anxiety about abandonment, intimacy avoidance (Experiences in Close Relationships scale), well-being (Psychological Well-being Scale), dispositional mindfulness (Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire) and flexibility (Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II). Measures were taken at pre-intervention, post-intervention and follow-up. Results showed that the MAP decreased anxiety (p = 0.025) and avoidance (p = 0.01) and increased mindfulness (p < 0.001) and flexibility (p = 0.001). In general, these improvements persisted at follow-up. Results are discussed in relation to the usefulness of mindfulness-acceptance strategies to cope with non-pathological intimate relationship conflicts.
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Affiliation(s)
- María de Lourdes Rosales-Villacrés
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (M.d.L.R.-V.); (C.O.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Psicológicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170129, Ecuador;
| | - Cristián Oyanadel
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (M.d.L.R.-V.); (C.O.)
| | - Diana Changotasig-Loja
- Facultad de Ciencias Psicológicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170129, Ecuador;
| | - Wenceslao Peñate-Castro
- Departamento Psicología Clínica, Psicobiología y Metodología, Facultad de Psicología y Logopedia, Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Guajara, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
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Troisi G, Margherita G, Caffieri A. Migrant women and gender-based violence: Focus group with operators. J Prev Interv Community 2021; 50:286-301. [PMID: 34101543 DOI: 10.1080/10852352.2021.1918829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Gender violence is the most important factor that leads women refugees and asylum seekers to leave their country and is one of the main risks to which the migration journey exposes them. To the multidimensional trauma of migration is added the complex trauma of gender violence making migrant women even more vulnerable. This study, aimed to investigate meanings of experience of the operators who deal with migrant women in Southern Italy. For the purpose of the study, we use the Focus Group, for data collection and the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to analyze the data. The study confirms the need to structure specific paths for the well-being of forced migrant women victims of violence that respect gender dynamics and cultural differences. In particular, in the context of the transcultural clinic, it will be demonstrated that focus groups are a useful resource and propose the construction of "métissée" spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Troisi
- University of Naples, Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Crapolicchio E, Vezzali L, Regalia C. "I forgive myself": The association between self-criticism, self-acceptance, and PTSD in women victims of IPV, and the buffering role of self-efficacy. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 49:252-265. [PMID: 33053227 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effects of intimate partner violence (IPV) concerning specifically posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology have been widely demonstrated, but the consequences of abuse are not the same for all victims. We know little about the psychological processes that limit these adverse consequences. Therefore, we explored the association between self-criticism felt by abused women and their PTSD, and we investigated self-acceptance as the underlying process explaining this relationship. We also examined self-efficacy as the protective (moderating) factor. The results indicated that self-criticism was indirectly associated with greater PTSD via lower self-acceptance. Critically, the indirect effect only emerged for individuals low in self-efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Crapolicchio
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Italy, Milano, Italy
| | - Loris Vezzali
- Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Camillo Regalia
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Transphobic Violence in Educational Centers: Risk Factors and Consequences in the Victims’ Wellbeing and Health. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13041638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
School violence and bullying re worrying problems due to their growing prevalence and severe consequences for adolescent and youth health and wellbeing. Sociocultural factors can contribute to, complicate, and increase the cases of violence in classrooms and spaces related to educational centers. Transphobic violence in this article is defined as the type of violence suffered by transgender and nonbinary adolescents and youth as a manifestation of the problem of discrimination and hate against gender and sexual diversity. This work intends to study the complex sociocultural dynamics of violence detected in educational contexts affecting transgender and nonbinary adolescents and youth identified by recent high- impact studies. At the same time, we aim to fill the gap in the scientific literature on transphobic violence and articulate successful strategies to prevent and combat it. In this review, transphobic violence is defined as the violence affecting transgender adolescents and youth, continuous in time, influenced by peers, and taking place in spaces or realities related to educational centers. The reviewed studies point at the complexity of this kind of violence due to the combination of socio-personal factors and its variety in manifestations. Furthermore, we study the consequences of transphobic violence for the wellbeing and health of transgender and nonbinary adolescents and youth to deepen the knowledge of their mental health repercussions. We end by providing suggestions for how this problem can be prevented in educational environments, grounded on scientific evidence in the materialization of a transformative approach.
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Sere Y, Roman NV, Ruiter RAC. Coping With the Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence Among South African Women: Systematic Review and Meta-Synthesis. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:655130. [PMID: 34122178 PMCID: PMC8187566 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.655130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) continues to be a serious problem worldwide. South Africa has a high prevalence of women experiencing IPV. Although much research reports on the prevalence rates, risk factors, and consequences of IPV, fewer studies report on how women deal with the experiences of IPV. Objective: This systematic review of the empirical literature aimed to identify and synthesize the best available evidence on women's experiences of coping with IPV in South Africa. Methods: A four-level search and retrieval strategy using PRISMA and JBI guidelines was conducted, which included critical appraisal, study selection, data extraction, and data synthesis. Ten studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. They were assessed to meet a set threshold (7/10) based on the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research. All studies were conducted between 2010 and 2020, conducted in South Africa, and used qualitative methodologies to accomplish the overall aim of investigating IPV experiences of women and their responses to it. Results: The total number of women included in the studies was 159. The data extraction yielded 49 findings of which 47 were aggregated into 14 categories and three themes: (1) help- and support-seeking coping, (2) emotional regulation coping, and (3) problem avoidance and distraction coping. Help- and support-seeking coping refers to women's responses when they seek instrumental aid, advice, comfort, and/or understanding from others. Emotional regulation includes responses of women in which their emotions were expressed or regulated. Problem avoidance and distraction coping represent responses of women in which they take efforts to avoid thinking about the problem situation and rather reshift their focus. Conclusion: Overall, this review found that a variety of coping responses are used by South African women experiencing IPV. The findings point to the need for understanding IPV and responses to it within a broader social context rather than just at the personal level. Approaching IPV at many levels may lead to a change in societal norms, better access to and delivery of services to IPV survivors, more functional family affairs, and personal well-being and improved quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalda Sere
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Nicolette V Roman
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies of Children, Families and Society, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Robert A C Ruiter
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Tullio V, Lanzarone A, Scalici E, Vella M, Argo A, Zerbo S. Violence against women in heterosexual couples: A review of psychological and medico-legal considerations. MEDICINE, SCIENCE, AND THE LAW 2021; 61:113-124. [PMID: 33591871 DOI: 10.1177/0025802420936081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is the most pervasive violation of women's rights worldwide, causing devastating lifelong damage. Victims can suffer physical, emotional or mental health problems, and experience detrimental effects in social, psychological and relational health with their families, especially children. Due to the complexity regarding violence against women in heterosexual couples, it is important to make a clear distinction between psychological and physical mistreatment, which also includes psychological violence. This differentiation is important in determining different emotional and psychological aspects of mistreatment in order to understand the reasons why some women stay in such relationships and to explain the personality profiles of victims and perpetrators. In this short narrative review, we have combined perspectives of depth psychology and attachment theory from studies on trauma, traumatic bonds and the perpetrator/victim complex in gender violence. We have also considered the growing literature on IPVAW as it relates to the medico-legal field. Our search strategy included intimate partner violence, attachment styles, risk factors and the victim/perpetrator relationship. Distinguishing the different types of IPVAW is a necessary step in understanding the complexity, causes, correlations and consequences of this issue. Above all, it enables the implementation of effective prevention and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Tullio
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Italy
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties - Medico Legal Section, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonietta Lanzarone
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties - Medico Legal Section, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Edoardo Scalici
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties - Medico Legal Section, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Vella
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Disciplines, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonina Argo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties - Medico Legal Section, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefania Zerbo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties - Medico Legal Section, University of Palermo, Italy
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Rollero C, De Piccoli N. Myths about Intimate Partner Violence and Moral Disengagement: An Analysis of Sociocultural Dimensions Sustaining Violence against Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17218139. [PMID: 33158077 PMCID: PMC7662619 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a public health issue worldwide and a serious violation of human rights. Recognizing IPV as a form of violence is essential for both victims who need help and offenders who can join treatment programs. Furthermore, only a society able to identify violence can effectively deal with IPV. The present study is aimed at investigating the role of sociocultural dimensions (i.e., ambivalent sexism toward women, ambivalence toward men, and lay theories about gender differences) in sustaining myths about IPV and moral disengagement. The participants were 359 university students (76.5% female). The results show that hostile sexism toward women plays a key role in sustaining both myths and moral disengagement. Moreover, benevolence toward men and biological lay gender theories (i.e., “naïve” theories assuming that sex differences are a product of biology and genetics) significantly affected the endorsement of IPV myths. The implications are discussed.
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Al Shidhani NA, Al Kendi AA, Al Kiyumi MH. Prevalence, Risk Factors and Effects of Domestic Violence Before and During Pregnancy on Birth Outcomes: An Observational Study of Literate Omani Women. Int J Womens Health 2020; 12:911-925. [PMID: 33149702 PMCID: PMC7604256 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s272419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Domestic violence against women before and/or during pregnancy is a concerning public health issue. It has a deleterious impact on both the mother and the baby. AIM The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence and predictors of emotional and physical domestic violence during three periods (lifelong, one year before pregnancy and during pregnancy). Moreover, it evaluates the effects of domestic violence on the outcomes of pregnancy, including miscarriages, birth weight of the baby, gestational age at delivery, and mode of delivery. METHODOLOGY This is a prospective observational study of literate pregnant women, attending four primary health-care centers in Muscat, from 1st April 2019 to 31st March 2020. Subjects with twin pregnancies were excluded from the study. The validated Arabic NorVold Domestic Abuse Questionnaire (NORAQ) was used to determine the prevalence of emotional and physical domestic violence. The recruited subjects were re-evaluated for birth outcomes at 2-4 weeks postpartum. RESULTS A total of 960 women participated in the study, with the mean age of 30.3 ± 5.4 years. Overall, experiences of lifelong domestic violence were reported by 161 women (16.8%), and the prevalence rate declined substantially in the one-year period preceding pregnancy and during pregnancy, 2.7% and 1.6%, respectively. Women who reported any type of domestic violence one year before pregnancy were at a higher risk of experiencing it again during pregnancy. A multivariate analysis of the obtained data revealed a strong association between physical domestic violence one year before pregnancy and unplanned pregnancy. Subjects with lifelong domestic violence reported higher rates of depression, insomnia, and somatic symptoms. No significant association was found between domestic violence, across any periods, and birth outcomes. CONCLUSION The rates of domestic violence are relatively lower during pregnancy and one year before pregnancy compared to those of the lifelong period among Omani women. A significant association was found between domestic violence and depression, insomnia, somatic symptoms, and unplanned pregnancy. Screening for domestic violence during the perinatal period, using high-quality surveys, is of utmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maisa Hamed Al Kiyumi
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
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22
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"Kept in Check": Representations and Feelings of Social and Health Professionals Facing Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17217910. [PMID: 33126683 PMCID: PMC7663014 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Social and health professionals facing gender-based violence in Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) express feelings and thoughts closely connected to their place of work and the users of their services. However, research on professionals’ reflexivity and their implications has not been closely investigated. Therefore, this article will describe representations of IPV among social and health professionals facing gender-based violence as well as their personal feelings in accomplishing their job. Fifty interviews with health and social professionals were analyzed using grounded theory methodology supported by Atlas.ti 8.4. Five macrocategories will describe this phenomenon, leading to the final explicative core category that summarizes professionals’ attitudes toward it. Being “kept in check” among partners, partners and families, services, and institutional duties is the core category that best expressed their feelings. Therefore, implications for services and training will be further discussed.
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Procentese F, Fasanelli R, Carnevale S, Esposito C, Pisapia N, Arcidiacono C, Napoli ID. Downside: The Perpetrator of Violence in the Representations of Social and Health Professionals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E7061. [PMID: 32992499 PMCID: PMC7579262 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Gender-based violence is a widespread phenomenon and pandemic that affects women's lives. Many interventions have been activated for perpetrators, but the dropout rate is still high. In order to draw up guidelines for responsibly and sustainably dealing with the phenomenon, this study is aimed at investigating the professionals' perception of the perpetrator as a useful element in designing innovative intervention policies. Open interviews were carried out with welfare and health professionals and the Grounded Theory Methodology was used to analyze the collected data. These results detect attitudes of social health personnel and their feelings of impotence towards gender-based perpetrators because of the emergence of an inevitable repetitiveness of the violent behavior, as well as the "normality of violence" in a patriarchal culture and its "transversality". This reflective knowledge allows for the opportunity to develop best transformative attitudes toward the phenomenon. According to the results, it is urgent to establish an active and convinced alliance with the healthy part of the man, through specific prevention paths, in order to activate an authentic motivation for change and its sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fortuna Procentese
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (F.P.); (C.E.); (N.P.); (C.A.); (I.D.N.)
| | - Roberto Fasanelli
- Department of Sociology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80133 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Stefania Carnevale
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (F.P.); (C.E.); (N.P.); (C.A.); (I.D.N.)
| | - Ciro Esposito
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (F.P.); (C.E.); (N.P.); (C.A.); (I.D.N.)
| | - Noemi Pisapia
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (F.P.); (C.E.); (N.P.); (C.A.); (I.D.N.)
| | - Caterina Arcidiacono
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (F.P.); (C.E.); (N.P.); (C.A.); (I.D.N.)
| | - Immacolata Di Napoli
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (F.P.); (C.E.); (N.P.); (C.A.); (I.D.N.)
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Margherita G, Troisi G, Incitti MI. "Dreaming Undreamt Dreams" in Psychological Counseling with Italian Women Who Experienced Intimate Partner Violence: A Phenomenological-Interpretative Analysis of the Psychologists' Experience. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176286. [PMID: 32872328 PMCID: PMC7503293 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In psychological consultations with women who survive Intimate Partner Violence, it is essential to work on elaboration of the trauma as a complex trauma within the context of a relationship. We consider dreams to be a symbolic-representative process, which requires the right psychic, relational and contextual conditions to occur, and that is hindered when trauma is present. The objective of the present study is to investigate the meanings that psychologists working at anti-violence centers attribute to the clinical intervention with women victims of IPV, with a focus on the area of sleep and dreaming in a traumatic experience, and in the clinical work on the trauma. Twelve female psychologists were interviewed using the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis methodology. From the analysis of the interviews, three main themes emerged: (1) Day and night, neither awake nor asleep, (2) Anti Violence Centers: setting as a container of emotion? and (3) dreaming undreamt dreams. The study highlights the importance of dreams as an indicator not only of psychic and mental functioning but also of the psychological relationship within a specific context.
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Pichon M, Treves-Kagan S, Stern E, Kyegombe N, Stöckl H, Buller AM. A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review: Infidelity, Romantic Jealousy and Intimate Partner Violence against Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E5682. [PMID: 32781565 PMCID: PMC7459695 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Infidelity and romantic jealousy (RJ) are commonly cited relational level drivers of intimate partner violence (IPV) but remain undertheorized and underutilized in IPV research and prevention. This global systematic review aims to characterize the existing research on real or suspected infidelity and RJ in relation to IPV and inform future research and programming. We systematically searched 11 databases for peer-reviewed research, published between April 2009 and 2019, that provided data on the prevalence or a measure of association (quantitative), or pathway (qualitative), between real or suspected infidelity or RJ, and IPV. Fifty-one papers from 28 countries were included and the evidence showed a consistent association between real or suspected infidelity, RJ and IPV. Our findings identify three overarching mechanisms and six pathways between infidelity, RJ and IPV. These provide support for prominent theories in the field related to patriarchal culture, threatened masculinities and femininities and a lack of emotional regulation and conflict resolution skills, but not evolutionary theories. Our findings suggest that researchers should use standardized measurement tools that make the distinction between RJ and suspected, confirmed and accusations of infidelity. Policy and programming should aim to transform traditional gender roles, accounting for infidelity and RJ and improving couple's communication and trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Pichon
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1H 9SH, UK; (E.S.); (N.K.); (H.S.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Sarah Treves-Kagan
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Erin Stern
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1H 9SH, UK; (E.S.); (N.K.); (H.S.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Nambusi Kyegombe
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1H 9SH, UK; (E.S.); (N.K.); (H.S.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Heidi Stöckl
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1H 9SH, UK; (E.S.); (N.K.); (H.S.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Ana Maria Buller
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1H 9SH, UK; (E.S.); (N.K.); (H.S.); (A.M.B.)
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Autiero M, Procentese F, Carnevale S, Arcidiacono C, Di Napoli I. Combatting Intimate Partner Violence: Representations of Social and Healthcare Personnel Working with Gender-Based Violence Interventions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17155543. [PMID: 32751890 PMCID: PMC7432385 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been declared a global epidemic by the World Health Organization. Although the attention paid to both the perpetrators and victims of gender-based violence has increased, scientific research is still lacking in regard to the representations of operators involved in interventions and management. Therefore, the following study explores how the representations of operators affect how gender violence can be managed and combatted through an ecological approach to this phenomenon, in addition to highlighting the roles of organizational-level services and their cultural and symbolic substrates. In total, 35 health and social professionals were interviewed and textual materials were analyzed by thematic analysis. The evidence suggests that services contrasting gender-based violence utilize different representations and management approaches. The authors hope that these differences can become a resource, rather than a limitation, when combatting gender-based violence through the construction of more integrated networks and a greater dialogue among different services, in order to make interventions designed to combat gender-based violence more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Autiero
- OLV (Oltre La Violenza) Project, Naples Health Service, Piazza Nazionale, 95, 80143 Naples, Italy;
| | - Fortuna Procentese
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples “Federico II” Via Porta di Massa, 80133 Naples, Italy; (F.P.); (S.C.); (I.D.N.)
| | - Stefania Carnevale
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples “Federico II” Via Porta di Massa, 80133 Naples, Italy; (F.P.); (S.C.); (I.D.N.)
| | - Caterina Arcidiacono
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples “Federico II” Via Porta di Massa, 80133 Naples, Italy; (F.P.); (S.C.); (I.D.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Immacolata Di Napoli
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples “Federico II” Via Porta di Massa, 80133 Naples, Italy; (F.P.); (S.C.); (I.D.N.)
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Fasanelli R, Galli I, Grassia MG, Marino M, Cataldo R, Lauro CN, Castiello C, Grassia F, Arcidiacono C, Procentese F. The Use of Partial Least Squares-Path Modelling to Understand the Impact of Ambivalent Sexism on Violence-Justification among Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17144991. [PMID: 32664458 PMCID: PMC7400311 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17144991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gender violence is generally conceived as a phenomenon concerning only adults. Nonetheless, it is also perpetrated within teenagers’ relationships, as many empirical studies have shown. We therefore have focused our attention on a non-probabilistic sample consisting of 400 adolescents living in Naples (Italy), to study the association between sexism and the justification of violent attitudes. Generally, sexism is recognised as a discriminatory attitude towards people, based on their biological sex. However, it is conventional to talk about sexism as a prejudice against women. The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI) for adolescents was used to evaluate the two dimensions of ambivalent sexism, i.e., hostile sexism (HS) and benevolent sexism (BS). Moreover, the questionnaire regarding attitudes towards diversity and violence (CADV) was administered to assess participants’ attitudes towards violence. A Partial Least Square–Second Order Path Model reveals that girls’ ambivalent sexism is affected more by benevolent sexism than hostile sexism. On the contrary, among boys, hostile sexism has a higher impact. Finally, benevolent sexist girls justify domestic violence more than boys do.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Fasanelli
- Department of Social Science, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (I.G.); (M.G.G.); (M.M.); (R.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-08-1253-5841
| | - Ida Galli
- Department of Social Science, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (I.G.); (M.G.G.); (M.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Maria Gabriella Grassia
- Department of Social Science, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (I.G.); (M.G.G.); (M.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Marina Marino
- Department of Social Science, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (I.G.); (M.G.G.); (M.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Rosanna Cataldo
- Department of Social Science, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (I.G.); (M.G.G.); (M.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Carlo Natale Lauro
- Department of Economics and Statistics, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy;
| | - Chiara Castiello
- Institute for Socio-Psychological Training, Research and Sexual Education, 80127 Naples, Italy;
| | | | - Caterina Arcidiacono
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (F.P.)
| | - Fortuna Procentese
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (F.P.)
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Carnevale S, Di Napoli I, Esposito C, Arcidiacono C, Procentese F. Children Witnessing Domestic Violence in the Voice of Health and Social Professionals Dealing with Contrasting Gender Violence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E4463. [PMID: 32575898 PMCID: PMC7344581 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Witnessing domestic violence (WDV) is recognized by the Istanbul Convention as psychological abuse that has dramatic consequences on the psychophysical health of children. Therefore, professionals who form the support network for WDV victims play a very fundamental role. In order to draw up useful guidelines for services dealing with WDV, and to give children more awareness of supportive settings, this study analyzes WDV in the perception of health and welfare professionals to enhance their skills and strategies for contrasting gender violence. Sixteen Neapolitan specialists dealing with WDV children were interviewed. A theoretical intentional sampling was used. Narrative focused interviews were carried out, transcribed verbatim and analyzed through the grounded theory methodology, using the ATLAS.ti 8 software (Scientific Software Development GmbH, Berlin, Germany). We assigned 319 codes and grouped these into 10 categories and 4 macro-categories. The analysis of the texts led to the definition of the core category as "The Crystal Fortress". It summarizes the image of the WDV children as described by the professionals working in contrasting domestic violence. In this structure the parental roles of protection and care (fortress) are suspended and everything is extremely rigid, fragile and always at risk of a catastrophe. It also symbolizes the difficult role of health professionals in dealing with such children and their families. For WDV children, protective factors guarantee solid development and supportive settings help them to learn proper emotional responsiveness and expressiveness and to develop their skills in talking with adults while avoiding negative consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Caterina Arcidiacono
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (S.C.); (I.D.N.); (C.E.); (F.P.)
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"Old Wine in a New Bottle". Depression and Romantic Relationships in Italian Emerging Adulthood: The Moderating Effect of Gender. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17114121. [PMID: 32527021 PMCID: PMC7312893 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17114121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence is an important social issue all over the world, and human sciences, in particular, are working to reduce it. Despite this, the topic is a little recognized phenomenon. Understanding the origins and the variables that have an impact on manic-style romantic relationships, as defined by John Alan Lee, is of primary importance, in particular in Italy where the data reveal alarming statistics. Most studies have not controlled for earlier depressive symptoms as a cause of successive depression or as an antecedent of romantic styles. In our study, we investigate the association between depression and romantic style, trying to test the moderating role of the gender variable in 283 Italian emerging adults (139 women and 144 men). In order to achieve this aim, we performed a multigroup structural equation model analysis. The hypothesis that gender moderates the relationship between depression and romantic styles is still yet to be confirmed. Men with high levels of depression do not seem to be able to establish relationships based on commitment, as required by the eros style. Women with high levels of depression are more frequently involved in possessive and demanding relationships or in pragmatic ones, confirming their need for dependence.
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Osuna-Rodríguez M, Rodríguez-Osuna LM, Dios I, Amor MI. Perception of Gender-Based Violence and Sexual Harassment in University Students: Analysis of the Information Sources and Risk Within a Relationship. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17113754. [PMID: 32466406 PMCID: PMC7312404 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In a truly democratic society, there should be no place for any kind of discrimination or violence. Among the basic tools for eradicating discrimination and violence against women, education has a crucial role to play. Education about gender should be considered at all levels, in all year groups and across the curriculum, so as to improve education about this subject. Although these matters are increasingly addressed, at university level, including at postgraduate level, they are often forgotten. The purpose of this study is to break down the level of knowledge of gender-based violence and/or sexual stalking, the sources of information most widely used for developing this knowledge, and beliefs about situations of risk in relationships among a sample of 268 Science and Social Science students at the University of Córdoba (Spain). The analysis was descriptive, comparative and correlative. Means and standard deviations were analyzed, and correlations were used to establish possible relations among the variables. Cluster analysis was used to distribute the sample with respect to knowledge of violence and Student’s t-test was used to identify differences between groups. The chi-squared test was used to find the association between variables such as situations of violence and places of residence. The results show that, although the experience of gender-based violence is among the least common sources of violence, there is evidence that these situations do exist, and the risk of violent acts and/or stalking is greater when couples break up. The perception of risk is higher when students have a greater knowledge of gender-based violence or sexual harassment and this perception is higher in women. As expected, greater knowledge is also associated with experience of this type of situation; however, place of residence was not linked to greater or lesser knowledge. Training in gender is considered essential and necessary in the university environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Irene Dios
- Department of Psychology, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - María Isabel Amor
- Department of Education, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain; (L.M.R.-O.); (M.I.A.)
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Abstract
Bisexual people are a strongly stigmatized population experiencing health disparities caused by social stigmatization. The predominant framework helping to understand these health disparities and the impact of stigma on mental health of social groups belonging to a sexual minority identity constitutes the minority stress theory. In Italy, studies assessing this model in bisexual populations are very limited. Within this framework, the current study aimed at assessing in 381 Italian bisexual individuals (62 men and 319 women) the effects of anti-bisexual discrimination, proximal stressors (i.e., anticipated binegativity, internalized binegativity, and outness), and resilience on psychological distress. The results suggested that only anti-bisexual discrimination and internalized binegativity were positively associated with psychological distress, and that resilience was negatively associated with mental health issues. Furthermore, the results suggested that internalized binegativity mediated the relationship between anti-bisexual discrimination and mental health problems. No moderating effect of resilience was found. This is the first study to have thoroughly applied minority stress in Italian bisexual people, providing Italian clinicians and researchers with an outline of the associations between minority stress, stigma, resilience, and psychological distress within this population.
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Wei D, Cao W, Hou F, Hao C, Gu J, Peng L, Li J. Multilevel factors associated with perpetration of five types of intimate partner violence among men who have sex with men in China: an ecological model-informed study. AIDS Care 2020; 32:1544-1555. [PMID: 32093496 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2020.1734523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In China, intimate partner violence (IPV) among men who have sex with men remains poorly investigated. Informed by the ecological model, this study explored multilevel factors associated with perpetration of IPV among men who have sex with men. The participants were recruited from 15 cities in mainland China. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses showed that the prevalence of committing physical, sexual, monitoring, controlling and emotional IPV was 8.6%, 7.1%, 15.2%, 7.6% and 17.1%, respectively. Committing physical IPV showed a positive association with perceived public discrimination and self-stigma towards homosexuality. Committing sexual IPV showed a positive association with involvement with a homosexual support agency and more sex partners. Monitoring IPV was positively associated with higher education and perceived stress, but negatively associated with instrumental and emotional support. Committing controlling IPV showed a positive association with drug use during sex and self-stigma but a negative association with self-esteem, self-efficacy and older age at first homosexual sex. Committing emotional IPV showed a positive association with commercial sex behaviour and perceived stress, but a negative association with resilience. Committing IPV was prevalent in this population. It is necessary to distinguish the various types of IPV in future studies, given their differences in associated factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dannuo Wei
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (North Campus), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wangnan Cao
- Center for Evidence Synthesis in Health, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Fengsu Hou
- Department of Public Mental Health, Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Hao
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (North Campus), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Gu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (North Campus), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Peng
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (North Campus), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghua Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (North Campus), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Healthcare Professionals' Perceptions and Concerns towards Domestic Violence during Pregnancy in Southern Italy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16173087. [PMID: 31450677 PMCID: PMC6747083 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Literature on pregnancy highlighted a large number of women abused by their partners, especially among low-income teenagers attending hospital for pregnancy check-ups. Pregnancy represents a key moment for diagnosing domestic violence. METHOD This study explores health professionals' perceptions and concerns about domestic violence against women in services dealing with pregnant women. The twenty-four interviewees were from an Obstetrical-Gynecological walk-in Clinic in the south of Italy. The textual data has been complementarily analyzed by means of two different procedures: Symbolic-structural semiotic analysis and Thematic content analysis. RESULTS What emerges is that the interviewees of the clinic do not regard the issue of domestic violence as a matter of direct interest for the health service. The clinic is seen as a place for urgent contact, but one where there is not enough time to dedicate to this kind of patient, nor an adequate space to care for and listen to them. Obstetricians and health personnel expressed a negative attitude when it comes to including questions regarding violence and abuse in pre-natal reports. Training for health and social professionals and the empowering of institutional support and networking practices are needed to increase awareness of the phenomenon among the gynecological personnel.
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