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Brailovskaia J. The "Vicious Circle of addictive Social Media Use and Mental Health" Model. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 247:104306. [PMID: 38735249 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Social media use (SMU) is a significant part of many people's everyday life. Research around the globe describes an increase of addictive SMU tendencies since the COVID-19 outbreak. The present work combines available findings in the "Vicious Circle of addictive Social Media Use and Mental Health" model to explain how social media (SM) activity can contribute to the development of addictive tendencies, which consequences they have for mental health, and how to prevent them. Following the model, the interplay between the risk factors negative experiences caused by daily hassles and by unexpected global and traumatic events, SMU (dimension "quality"), and SM flow can directly contribute to addictive SMU through the "vicious circle". Time spent on SMU (dimension "quantity"), symptoms of depression and anxiety, and the personality trait narcissism contribute to the circle as moderators. Symptoms of stress, insomnia, and suicide-related outcomes are described as potential consequences of addictive SMU. Based on longitudinal intervention studies, a conscious reduction of SMU time and an increase of physical activity, as well as positive mental health and mindfulness are identified as protective factors that reduce the risk of addictive tendencies. The model contributes to a better understanding of addictive SMU. Implications of the model for future research and praxis, specifically for mental health programs and therapeutic treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Brailovskaia
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), partner site Bochum/Marburg, Germany.
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Choi SY, Kim JH. Validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Digital Burnout Scale. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1386394. [PMID: 38887256 PMCID: PMC11180716 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1386394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the factor structure and verify the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Digital Burnout Scale (DBS) among Generation Z university students. Methodology The World Health Organization guidelines were employed in the forward and back translation, synthesis, cross-cultural adaptation, and pre-survey phases to result in the Korean version of the DBS. The Korean version was then used to collect data from 330 university students online. Construct, convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity, and internal consistency were assessed. Findings The Korean version of the DBS had three subscales (digital aging, digital deprivation, and emotional exhaustion) and included 24 items. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis indicated adequate model fit indices. Convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity were satisfactory. The Cronbach's ⍺ for the overall scale was 0.95. Conclusion The Korean version of the DBS has good reliability and validity and can be used as a tool to assess the level of risk of digital burnout and provide appropriate support and intervention. Implications The Korean version of the DBS will serve as a framework for developing healthy digital education by grasping individual characteristics. Longitudinal research is recommended to identify factors that cause digital usage and burnout for various age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jung-Hee Kim
- College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Firth J, Torous J, López-Gil JF, Linardon J, Milton A, Lambert J, Smith L, Jarić I, Fabian H, Vancampfort D, Onyeaka H, Schuch FB, Firth JA. From "online brains" to "online lives": understanding the individualized impacts of Internet use across psychological, cognitive and social dimensions. World Psychiatry 2024; 23:176-190. [PMID: 38727074 PMCID: PMC11083903 DOI: 10.1002/wps.21188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In response to the mass adoption and extensive usage of Internet-enabled devices across the world, a major review published in this journal in 2019 examined the impact of Internet on human cognition, discussing the concepts and ideas behind the "online brain". Since then, the online world has become further entwined with the fabric of society, and the extent to which we use such technologies has continued to grow. Furthermore, the research evidence on the ways in which Internet usage affects the human mind has advanced considerably. In this paper, we sought to draw upon the latest data from large-scale epidemiological studies and systematic reviews, along with randomized controlled trials and qualitative research recently emerging on this topic, in order to now provide a multi-dimensional overview of the impacts of Internet usage across psychological, cognitive and societal outcomes. Within this, we detail the empirical evidence on how effects differ according to various factors such as age, gender, and usage types. We also draw from new research examining more experiential aspects of individuals' online lives, to understand how the specifics of their interactions with the Internet, and the impact on their lifestyle, determine the benefits or drawbacks of online time. Additionally, we explore how the nascent but intriguing areas of culturomics, artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and augmented reality are changing our understanding of how the Internet can interact with brain and behavior. Overall, the importance of taking an individualized and multi-dimensional approach to how the Internet affects mental health, cognition and social functioning is clear. Furthermore, we emphasize the need for guidelines, policies and initiatives around Internet usage to make full use of the evidence available from neuroscientific, behavioral and societal levels of research presented herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Firth
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - John Torous
- Division of Digital Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - José Francisco López-Gil
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de las Americas, Quito, Ecuador
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jake Linardon
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Alyssa Milton
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Australian Research Council, Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ivan Jarić
- Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Hannah Fabian
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Davy Vancampfort
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Henry Onyeaka
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Felipe B Schuch
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Health Sciences, Universidad Autônoma de Chile, Providência, Chile
| | - Josh A Firth
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Stirnberg J, Margraf J, Precht LM, Brailovskaia J. The Relationship between Reasons for Smartphone Use, Addictive Use Tendencies, Fear of Missing Out, Depression, and Life Satisfaction: A Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis. Psychopathology 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38679019 DOI: 10.1159/000538263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the present cross-sectional study, we investigated whether reasons for smartphone use are similar to those of social media use. Also, we explored links between reasons of smartphone use and mental health variables (problematic smartphone use, FOMO, depression symptoms, and life satisfaction) in Germany during the COVID-19 lockdown period. METHODS Overall, 571 smartphone users (Mage = 31.60, SDage = 12.73) provided their reasons for smartphone use. The reasons were assigned to six categories by an inductive qualitative content analysis. RESULTS Five of six reasons were similar to those of social media described by previous research. "Search for social interaction" goes along with less problematic smartphone use and depression symptoms and more life satisfaction. "Search for positive feelings" is associated with lower life satisfaction. More depressed people, those with problematic smartphone use tendencies, higher FOMO, and lower life satisfaction tend to "escape from negative emotions." DISCUSSION Our results help to understand the relationships between reasons for smartphone use and mental health variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Stirnberg
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jürgen Margraf
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), partner site Bochum/Marburg, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lena-Marie Precht
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Julia Brailovskaia
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), partner site Bochum/Marburg, Bochum, Germany
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Anandpara G, Kharadi A, Vidja P, Chauhan Y, Mahajan S, Patel J. A Comprehensive Review on Digital Detox: A Newer Health and Wellness Trend in the Current Era. Cureus 2024; 16:e58719. [PMID: 38779255 PMCID: PMC11109987 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This research investigates the effects of an electronic detox treatment on the utilization of social media and smartphones, addiction levels, and the general health of individuals. Remarkably, individuals discovered that the digital detox was less challenging than anticipated, with a significant number expressing sensations of pleasure and alleviation. Although a few individuals encountered instances of alienation and solitude, the majority managed to adapt to the limited availability of the internet. Notably, individuals saw heightened tedium and replaced their use of social networking sites with additional tasks using screens. After the procedure, measures demonstrated favorable or neutral enhancements in addictions and health-related results. The quantitative findings indicate an increased understanding of online conduct and the use of self-regulating strategies. Concrete recommendations put forward by respondents include reducing stringent deadlines, implementing personalized limitations, and devising tactics to regulate alerts and their use. These observations may be used to shape subsequent digital detox programs in order to improve their efficacy and increase participation from participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurang Anandpara
- Biochemistry, Chimanlal Ujamshibhai Shah Medical College & Hospital, Surendranagar, IND
| | - Ashish Kharadi
- Surgery, Gujarat Medical Education and Research Society Medical College, Godhra, IND
| | - Prakash Vidja
- Pathology, Pre Cure Pathology Laboratory, Morbi, IND
| | - Yashkumar Chauhan
- Medicine, Smt. Nathiba Hargovandas Lakhmichand Municipal Medical College, Ahmedabad, IND
| | - Swati Mahajan
- Physiology, Gujarat Medical Education and Research Society Medical College, Godhra, IND
| | - Jitendra Patel
- Physiology, Gujarat Medical Education and Research Society Medical College, Vadnagar, IND
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Qiu R, Guo Z, Wang X, Wang X, Cheng S, Zhu X. The Relationships between Effortful Control, Mind Wandering, and Mobile Phone Addiction Based on Network Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:140. [PMID: 38255028 PMCID: PMC10815513 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevailing mobile phone use brought the problem of addiction, which might cause negative consequences. Effortful control and mind wandering were associated with addictive behavior. The present study aimed to investigate the dimension-level relationships between effortful control, mind wandering, and mobile phone addiction. METHODS A total of 1684 participants participated this study. The mobile phone addiction, effortful control, and mind wandering were measured through self-report scales, respectively. Dimension-level network of these psychological variables was estimated and bridge expected influence (BEI) values for each node was calculated. RESULTS Dimensions of mobile phone addiction, effortful control, and mind wandering exhibited distinct and complex links to each other. The node "activation control" exhibited the highest negative BEI value (BEI = -0.32), whereas "spontaneous thinking" showed the highest positive BEI value (BEI = 0.20). CONCLUSIONS Different dimensions of effortful control and mind wandering had varied yet significant connections with distinct dimensions of mobile phone addiction, facilitating understanding of the specific pathways underlying the three constructs. The identified dominant bridge nodes can provide potential targets for the intervention of mobile phone addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xia Zhu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (R.Q.); (Z.G.); (X.W.); (X.W.); (S.C.)
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Azagba S, Ebling T, Korkmaz A. Social media and e-cigarette use: The mediating role of mental health conditions. J Affect Disord 2024; 344:528-534. [PMID: 37852589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, youth social media use, youth e-cigarette use, and youth mental health conditions have become major public health concerns. We examined the role of mental health condition indicators in the link between youth social media use and e-cigarette use. METHODS We used data from the 2022 National Youth Tobacco Survey (N = 23,445) to measure social media use by time spent, anxiety and depression symptoms by the Patient Health Questionnaire-4, and past-30-day e-cigarette use. We applied the potential outcomes framework to examine the relationship between social media use and e-cigarette use mediated by mental health condition indicators. RESULTS Mental health condition indicators mediated the relationship between social media use and e-cigarette use in a dose-response manner, with higher levels of social media use associated with higher odds of e-cigarette use. With mental health condition indicators as a mediator, those who used social media for 4+ hours/day or 3-4 h/day had significantly higher odds of e-cigarette use than those who used social media sometimes or never. In the sex-stratified analysis, we found that very often social media use was associated with higher odds of e-cigarette use for both males and females, compared to sometimes users (OR = 1.53, 95 % CI [1.18,1.96] for males; OR = 2.27, 95 % CI [1.76,2.92] for females). LIMITATIONS Anxiety and depression symptoms were self-reported. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that anxiety and depression symptoms mediate the relationship between social media and e-cigarette use among youth and support the growing concern that frequent social media use may negatively affect youth health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunday Azagba
- College of Nursing, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America.
| | - Todd Ebling
- College of Nursing, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Alperen Korkmaz
- College of Nursing, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
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8
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Coyne P, Woodruff SJ. Taking a Break: The Effects of Partaking in a Two-Week Social Media Digital Detox on Problematic Smartphone and Social Media Use, and Other Health-Related Outcomes among Young Adults. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:1004. [PMID: 38131860 PMCID: PMC10740995 DOI: 10.3390/bs13121004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite their increasing popularity, especially among young adults, there is a dearth of research examining the effectiveness of digital detoxes focused on restricting or limiting social media use. As such, the purpose of this exploratory study was to create and carry out a social media digital detox among young adults and evaluate its effectiveness with regards to smartphone and social media addiction, as well as several health-related outcomes. Additionally, the study also sought to obtain an understanding of participants' experiences and perceptions regarding the digital detox via semi-structured exit interviews in order to improve and maximize the effectiveness of future social media digital detox interventions. Thirty-one young adults completed a two-week social media digital detox (preceded by a two-week baseline period and followed up by a two-week follow-up period), whereby their social media use was limited to 30 min per day. A series of one-way repeated measures analyses of variance revealed that a two-week social media detox improved smartphone and social media addiction, as well as sleep, satisfaction with life, stress, perceived wellness, and supportive relationships. Thematic analysis of exit interviews also revealed eight themes: feelings, effort to detox, adjustment period, the Goldilocks effect, screen to screen, post-detox binge, progress not perfection, and words of wisdom, all of which provide contextualization of the quantitative findings and valuable insights for future detoxes. In conclusion, the findings of this exploratory study provide initial support for the use of social media digital detoxes, suggesting that limiting usage can have beneficial effects with regards to smartphone and social media addiction, as well as many other health-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige Coyne
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Sarah J. Woodruff
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada;
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Garrett SL, Burnell K, Armstrong-Carter EL, Prinstein MJ, Telzer EH. Linking video chatting, phone calling, text messaging, and social media with peers to adolescent connectedness. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2023; 33:1222-1234. [PMID: 37382030 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
For 14 days three times per day (6072 observations), adolescents (N = 207, Mage = 15.45 years) reported their digital (i.e., video chatting, texting, social media, and phone calling) communication with peers and their social connectedness. Controlling for in-person interactions, adolescents felt more connected in hours when they had communicated with peers by video chatting, texting, or social media, but not phone calling. Girls communicated with peers via text and social media more than boys, and boys talked on the phone more than girls. Boys who talked, texted, or video chatted more on average reported higher connectedness on average, whereas girls did not. As the links with connectedness were only found at the hourly- and not the daily level, results highlight that a sense of connectedness from digital media may be fleeting in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shedrick L Garrett
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Burnell
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Emma L Armstrong-Carter
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Institute of Human Development, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Mitchell J Prinstein
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eva H Telzer
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Wadsley M, Ihssen N. Restricting social networking site use for one week produces varied effects on mood but does not increase explicit or implicit desires to use SNSs: Findings from an ecological momentary assessment study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293467. [PMID: 37939038 PMCID: PMC10631628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research on the addictive potential of modern technologies such as the internet, smartphones, or social networking sites (SNSs) has suggested that emotional and motivational changes associated with the sudden discontinuation of engagement with the technology mirror the aversive consequences seen when drug use is ceased abruptly. This has been observed even in moderate users and interpreted as a manifestation of withdrawal, an important marker of physical dependence in substance use disorders. On the other hand, a growing literature emphasises the positive effects of "digital detox" on mental health and well-being. Using a battery of affective and motivational measures, both explicit and implicit, the present study tracked the effects of a week of significantly reduced SNS use in moderate to heavy SNS users (N = 51). Our pre-registered analyses showed that the intervention elicited affective changes neither consistent with a general withdrawal syndrome (i.e., increased negative affect and cravings) nor with a general beneficial effect on well-being: While our data indicated some abstinence-related decreases of negative affect and boredom, they also showed a reduction of positive affect. These changes occurred regardless of problematic/addictive use behaviours. Importantly, restricting SNS use for one week had no effect on implicit measures of SNS use motivation (i.e., approach biases, time distortion and effort expenditure for SNS access) nor did it influence explicit cravings and SNS cue-reactivity. Together our findings suggest that restricting SNS use has nuanced and potentially offsetting effects on well-being. These could arise because use reduction may concurrently remove experiences that trigger negative emotions (e.g., upward social comparisons or Fear of Missing Out) but also those that elicit positive emotions (e.g., social approval). The hypothesised lack of a net effect on well-being would be consistent with our finding that voluntary reduction of SNS use does not mitigate or exacerbate SNS-related urges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wadsley
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Niklas Ihssen
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
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Matthes J, Stevic A, Koban K, Thomas MF, Forrai M, Karsay K. Fear of Missing Out, Reflective Smartphone Disengagement, and Loneliness in Late Adolescents. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2023; 26:731-738. [PMID: 37582211 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2023.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Reflective smartphone disengagement (i.e., deliberate actions to self-regulate when and how one should use one's smartphone) has become a necessary skill in our ever-connected lives, contributing to a healthy balance of related benefits and harms. However, disengaging from one's smartphone might compete with impulsive psychosocial motivators such as fear of missing out (FoMO) on others' rewarding experiences or feelings of loneliness. To shed light into these competitive processes, the present paper disentangles the reciprocal, over-time relationships between reflective smartphone disengagement, FoMO, and loneliness using data from a two-wave panel study among emerging adults (16-21 years of age). Measurement-invariant structural equation modeling suggests that FoMO and reflective smartphone disengagement negatively predict each other over time, indicating a possible spiraling process. In addition, reflective smartphone disengagement was also negatively related to feelings of loneliness. Together, these findings underline (a) how young people's impulsive and reflective system compete with each other over control of their smartphone usage, where (b) psychosocial benefits of reflective smartphone disengagement were validated among emerging adults, potentially helping them to strengthen the benefits and limit the harms of permanent interactions with and through technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Matthes
- Department of Communication, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anja Stevic
- Department of Communication, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kevin Koban
- Department of Communication, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marina F Thomas
- Department of Communication, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Forrai
- Department of Communication, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kathrin Karsay
- School for Mass Communication Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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12
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Gao B, Liu Y, Shen Q, Fu C, Li W, Li X. Why Cannot I Stop Phubbing? Boredom Proneness and Phubbing: A Multiple Mediation Model. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:3727-3738. [PMID: 37705851 PMCID: PMC10497055 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s423371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background With the popularity of smartphone and their increasingly rich functions, people's attachment to their phones is increasing. While people enjoy the convenience that smartphone bring (eg, accessing information and socializing), it also leads to problematic smartphone use (eg, phubbing). Previous research has shown that boredom proneness can trigger phubbing. However, the underlying psychological mechanisms are not yet clear. Methods To address this research gap, we surveyed 556 Chinese college students (Mage = 18.89 years, SD = 1.18) during the COVID-19 pandemic and all participants completed a self-report questionnaire. Drawing the Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution model (I-PACE) for addictive behaviors, this study developed and examined a multiple mediation model incorporating boredom proneness, loneliness, fear of missing out (FoMO), and phubbing. Results (1) Boredom proneness could positively predict phubbing; (2) loneliness and FoMO mediated the relationship between boredom proneness and phubbing, respectively; and (3) loneliness and FoMO sequentially mediated the relationship between boredom proneness and phubbing. Conclusion These findings are not only valuable for understanding the underlying mechanisms linking boredom proneness and phubbing, but also suggest that three types of interventions could be effectively used to decrease the risk of phubbing among college students, namely, reducing boredom proneness, relieving loneliness, and decreasing FoMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Gao
- Research Institute for International and Comparative Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, People’s Republic of China
- Lab for Educational Big Data and Policymaking, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Mental Health Center, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quanwei Shen
- School of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changqing Fu
- Mental Health Center, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiyi Li
- School of Business Administration, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Li
- School of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, People’s Republic of China
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Plackett R, Blyth A, Schartau P. The Impact of Social Media Use Interventions on Mental Well-Being: Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e44922. [PMID: 37565693 PMCID: PMC10457695 DOI: 10.2196/44922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is some evidence that more social media use is related to poorer mental well-being and that social media use can become problematic when it starts to interfere with a person's daily life and mental well-being. To address this issue and improve users' mental well-being, social media use interventions (eg, abstinence from social media) have been developed and evaluated. However, there is limited understanding of the effectiveness of these interventions in improving mental well-being. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to synthesize the literature on the effectiveness of social media use interventions in improving mental well-being in adults. METHODS A systematic search (January 1, 2004, to July 31, 2022) was completed across 3 databases in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Experimental studies evaluating the impact of social media use interventions on mental well-being in adults were included. Outcomes related to mental well-being, such as depression, anxiety, stress, and loneliness, were included. A narrative synthesis without meta-analysis was completed to summarize the study characteristics and effectiveness by outcome and intervention type. The Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool was used to measure the quality of the studies. RESULTS Of the 2785 studies identified through the systematic search, 23 (0.83%) were included in the analysis. Many of the included studies (9/23, 39%) found improvements in mental well-being, some (7/23, 30%) found mixed effects, and others (7/23, 30%) found no effect on mental well-being. Therapy-based interventions that used techniques such as cognitive behavioral therapy were more effective than limiting use of social media or full abstinence from social media, with 83% (5/6) of these studies showing improvements in mental well-being compared with 20% (1/5) and 25% (3/12), respectively. Depression was the most frequently investigated and improved outcome with 70% (7/10) of the studies showing a significant improvement in depression after the intervention, whereas other outcomes showed more varied results. Quality was poor, with 96% (22/23) of the studies receiving a weak global score, mostly for issues related to selection bias because most of the studies (16/23, 70%) used a convenience sampling of university students. CONCLUSIONS This review provides some evidence that social media use interventions are effective in improving mental well-being, especially for depression and when using therapy-based interventions. Further experimental and longitudinal research is needed with representative samples to investigate who may benefit most from social media use interventions. This will help to develop guidance and recommendations for policy makers and clinicians on how best to manage problematic social media use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Plackett
- Research Department of Primary Care & Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Blyth
- Research Department of Primary Care & Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Schartau
- Research Department of Primary Care & Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Gao B, Shen Q, Luo G, Xu Y. Why mobile social media-related fear of missing out promotes depressive symptoms? the roles of phubbing and social exclusion. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:189. [PMID: 37386513 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01231-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the popularity of mobile socialization, people have become more closely connected with their phones. While people enjoy the convenience that phones bring (e.g., accessing information and socializing), they also feel anxious about missing out on certain information. Previous researches have shown that fear of missing out (FoMO) can trigger depressive symptoms, however, the underlying psychological mechanisms are not yet clear. In addition, limited research has explored this issue in the context of mobile social media. METHODS To address this research gap, we surveyed 486 Chinese college students (278 males and 208 females, mean age = 19.95 years, SD = 1.14) and all participants completed a self-report questionnaire including mobile social media-related FoMO scale, phubbing scale, social exclusion scale, and the patient health questionnaire-9. The data were analyzed by SPSS24.0 and the Process macro and developed a mediating and moderating model incorporating phubbing and social exclusion. RESULTS The results showed that (1) mobile social media-related FoMO (MSM-related FoMO) can significantly and positively predict depressive symptoms among college students; (2) phubbing partially mediates the relationship between MSM-related FoMO and depressive symptoms; (3) the direct predictive effect of MSM-related FoMO on depressive symptoms is moderated by social exclusion. CONCLUSION These findings are not only valuable for understanding the underlying mechanisms linking MSM-related FoMO and depressive symptoms, but also contribute to the development of psychological intervention programs (e.g., interventions based on social exclusion or phubbing) aiming at reducing college students' depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Gao
- School of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Quanwei Shen
- School of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
| | - Gui Luo
- Mental Health Center, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Yiwen Xu
- Department of Marxism, Moutai Institute, Renhuai, 564500, China
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15
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Nassen LM, Vandebosch H, Poels K, Karsay K. Opt-out, Abstain, Unplug. A Systematic Review of the Voluntary Digital Disconnection Literature. TELEMATICS AND INFORMATICS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tele.2023.101980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
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16
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Senabre Hidalgo E, Greshake Tzovaras B. “One button in my pocket instead of the smartphone”: A methodological assemblage connecting self-research and autoethnography in a digital disengagement study. METHODOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/20597991231161093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
In this article we present a “methodological assemblage” and technological prototype connecting autoethnography to the practices of self-research in personal science. As an experimental process of personal data gathering, one of the authors used a low-tech device for the active registration of events and their perception, in a case study on disengaging from his smartphone. For the visualization of this data the other author developed a novel treatment of fieldnotes in analytic autoethnography through an open source, interactive notebook. As a proof of concept, we provide a detailed description of the corresponding protocol and prototype, also making available the notebook source code and the quantitative-qualitative open dataset behind its visualization. This highly personalized methodological assemblage represents a technological appropriation that combines self-research and autoethnography—two disciplinary perspectives that share a type of inquiry based on situated knowledge, departing from personal data as empirical basis. Despite recent autoethnographic literature on the phenomenon of self-tracking and the Qualified Self, our contribution addresses a lack of studies in the opposite direction: how the practice of self-research mediated by technology can lead to bridges with digital autoethnography, validating their hybrid combination. After addressing diverse conceptual, ontological and methodological similarities and differences between personal science and autoethnography, we contextualize the case study of digital disengagement and provide a detailed description of the developed self-protocol and the tools used for data gathering.
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17
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Po LC, Sher CY, Liu YH. Progress and Future Directions for Research on Social Media Addiction: Visualization-Based Bibliometric Analysis. TELEMATICS AND INFORMATICS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tele.2023.101968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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18
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Heaslip V, Glendening N, Snowden J. Promoting young people's mental health: the role of community nurses. Nurs Stand 2023; 38:43-49. [PMID: 36468176 DOI: 10.7748/ns.2022.e11967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
There are growing concerns about the mental health and well-being of young people, including how these have been negatively affected by factors such as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and social media. Community nurses are in an ideal position to promote positive mental health and ensure timely referral to appropriate services to enable young people to access the support they need. This article explores how the pandemic and social media have affected young people's mental health, particularly in relation to anxiety. It also explains how nurses can discuss these issues with young people and their parents or guardians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Heaslip
- School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Manchester, England, and visiting associate professor, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Nikki Glendening
- Department of Nursing Science, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, England
| | - Jasmine Snowden
- Department of Nursing Science, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, England
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19
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The Links between Fear of Missing Out, Status-Seeking, Intrasexual Competition, Sociosexuality, and Social Support. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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20
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Burke TA, Domoff SE, Croarkin PE, Romanowicz M, Borgen A, Wolff J, Nesi J. Reactions to naturalistic smartphone deprivation among psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 155:17-23. [PMID: 35977433 PMCID: PMC10120858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The standard of care among youth who are psychiatrically hospitalized typically involves smartphone confiscation for the duration of treatment. However, very little is known regarding how youth respond to this period of smartphone "deprivation," factors that may influence this response, and ensuing clinical effects. The present exploratory mixed-methods study sought to elucidate the experience of psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents as it relates to smartphone deprivation, and to evaluate the impact of this widespread treatment approach. Psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents (N = 181; Mean age = 15.29 years) completed qualitative and quantitative measures assessing the experience of smartphone deprivation during hospitalization. Associations among reactions to smartphone deprivation and smartphone and social media use patterns were explored. Analyses additionally evaluated whether reactions to smartphone deprivation were associated with clinical symptom severity (e.g., suicidal ideation, internalizing and externalizing symptoms) and readiness for psychotherapy. Negative reactions to smartphone deprivation were significantly positively correlated with daily smartphone hours, addictive patterns of use, and both negative and positive emotional responses to social media use. Reactions to smartphone deprivation were not associated with clinical symptom severity. However, negative reactions to smartphone deprivation were associated with lower readiness for therapy, while positive reactions were associated with greater readiness. This preliminary work illustrates the complexities of smartphone use in adolescents and the potential positive and negative effects of smartphone deprivation during psychiatric hospitalization. Future prospective research with adolescents should clarify optimal smartphone access during inpatient hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A Burke
- Massachusetts General Hospital, United States; Harvard Medical School, United States.
| | - Sarah E Domoff
- Central Michigan University, Department of Psychology, United States
| | - Paul E Croarkin
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, United States
| | | | - Aubrey Borgen
- Central Michigan University, Department of Psychology, United States
| | - Jennifer Wolff
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, United States; Bradley Hasbro Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, United States
| | - Jacqueline Nesi
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, United States; Bradley Hasbro Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, United States
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21
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Sui W, Sui A, Munn J, Irwin JD. Comparing the prevalence of nomophobia and smartphone addiction among university students pre-COVID-19 and during COVID-19. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022:1-4. [PMID: 35728101 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2087473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to: (a) explore differences in the prevalence of nomophobia and smartphone addiction (SA) from pre- to during COVID-19; (b) identify students' self-reported changes in smartphone reliance and screen time during COVID-19; and (c) examine whether self-perceived changes in smartphone usage predicted nomophobia and SA scores. METHODS Scores on the Nomophobia Questionnaire and Smartphone Addiction Scale between two surveys administered at two timepoints were compared: Sample 1 (September 2019-January 2020; N = 878) and Sample 2 (May-June 2020; N = 258). RESULTS No significant differences were found between samples on nomophobia or SA. Nearly all of Sample 2 reported using some type of app more, using their smartphone a little more, and about the same perceived smartphone reliance during COVID-19. Increased screen time, smartphone reliance, and social media significantly predicted nomophobia and SA. CONCLUSION COVID-19 does not appear to have exacerbated the prevalence of nomophobia or SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuyou Sui
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Anna Sui
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, , Western University, London, ON
| | - Joseph Munn
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, , Western University, London, ON
| | - Jennifer D Irwin
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, , Western University, London, ON
- School of Health Studies, Western University, London, Canada
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22
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Amran MS, Jamaluddin KA. Adolescent Screen Time Associated with Risk Factor of Fear of Missing Out During Pandemic COVID-19. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2022; 25:398-403. [PMID: 35594262 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2021.0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of digital technology for educational and recreational purposes among adolescents has drastically increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the prolonged isolation and excessive screen time of the social media platforms might lead to mental health issues, particularly the fear of missing out (FOMO). Thus, this study is aimed at exploring the adolescent's screen time and its contribution to FOMO. This study employed a qualitative method using semi-structured interviews with 30 selected adolescents. The data were collected during the third peak of the pandemic period in Malaysia, between the 11th of April 2021 and the 1st of July 2021. The results revealed that there were four issues related to the FOMO: loneliness, life satisfaction, self-disclosures, and social comparison. In short, self-regulation and awareness on the effects of long screen time need to be instilled among the adolescents during the pandemic. Also, it is pivotal to address the psychological needs, such as healthy social interactions in ensuring the adolescents are not inclined toward FOMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Syawal Amran
- Faculty of Education, Centre of Research in Teaching and Learning, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Khairul Azhar Jamaluddin
- Faculty of Education, Centre of Education Leadership and Policy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
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23
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Sekścińska K, Jaworska D. Who felt blue when Facebook went down? - The role of self-esteem and FoMO in explaining people's mood in reaction to social media outage. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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24
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Servidio R, Koronczai B, Griffiths MD, Demetrovics Z. Problematic Smartphone Use and Problematic Social Media Use: The Predictive Role of Self-Construal and the Mediating Effect of Fear Missing Out. Front Public Health 2022; 10:814468. [PMID: 35284373 PMCID: PMC8904752 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.814468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Problematic smartphone use (PSU) and problematic social media use (PSMU) are two interrelated constructs which have received significant research attention over the past decade. The present study investigated the relationship between self-construal (distinguished as independent and interdependent), PSU and PSMU with Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) as a mediating variable. The sample comprised 405 Italian students who completed standardized psychometric scales assessing the variables of the study. Bivariate correlations analysis showed that FoMO and independent self-construal was significantly and negatively associated. On the contrary, interdependent self-construal was significantly and positively associated with FoMO, PSU, and PSMU. Mediation analysis showed that FoMO mediated the relationship between self-construal and both PSMU and PSU, but at different levels. The results demonstrated that FoMO full mediated the relationships between interdependent self and PSU, whereas only partial mediation was found between interdependent self and PSMU. Therefore, taking these personality characteristics into account may help reduce dysfunctional behaviour associated with problematic technology use and promote psychological well-being among students. However, it is recommended that further studies replicate the proposed model by including other psychological constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Servidio
- Department of Cultures, Education and Society, University of Calabria Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
- *Correspondence: Rocco Servidio
| | - Beatrix Koronczai
- Department of Developmental and Clinical Child Psychology, Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Addiction, Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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25
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Digital Detox. BUSINESS & INFORMATION SYSTEMS ENGINEERING 2022. [PMCID: PMC8862700 DOI: 10.1007/s12599-022-00747-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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26
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Vanden Abeele MM, Halfmann A, Lee EW. Drug, Demon, or Donut? Theorizing the Relationship Between Social Media Use, Digital well-being and Digital Disconnection. Curr Opin Psychol 2022; 45:101295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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27
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van Wezel MMC, Abrahamse EL, Vanden Abeele MMP. Does a 7-day restriction on the use of social media improve cognitive functioning and emotional well-being? Results from a randomized controlled trial. Addict Behav Rep 2021; 14:100365. [PMID: 34938826 PMCID: PMC8664777 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2021.100365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Screen time apps that allow smartphone users to manage their screen time are assumed to combat negative effects of smartphone use. This study explores whether a social media restriction, implemented via screen time apps, has a positive effect on emotional well-being and sustained attention performance. Methods A randomized controlled trial (N = 76) was performed, exploring whether a week-long 50% reduction in time spent on mobile Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat and YouTube is beneficial to attentional performance and well-being as compared to a 10% reduction. Results Unexpectedly, several participants in the control group pro-actively reduced their screen time significantly beyond the intended 10%, dismantling our intended screen time manipulation. Hence, we analyzed both the effect of the original manipulation (i.e. treatment-as-intended), and the effect of participants' relative reduction in screen time irrespective of their condition (i.e. treatment-as-is). Neither analyses revealed an effect on the outcome measures. We also found no support for a moderating role of self-control, impulsivity or Fear of Missing Out. Interestingly, across all participants behavioral performance on sustained attention tasks remained stable over time, while perceived attentional performance improved. Participants also self-reported a decrease in negative emotions, but no increase in positive emotions. Conclusion We discuss the implications of our findings in light of recent debates about the impact of screen time and formulate suggestions for future research based on important limitations of the current study, revolving among others around appropriate control groups as well as the combined use of both subjective and objective (i.e., behavioral) measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marloes M C van Wezel
- Department of Cognition and Communication, School of Humanities and Digital Sciences, Tilburg University, Postbus 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Elger L Abrahamse
- Department of Cognition and Communication, School of Humanities and Digital Sciences, Tilburg University, Postbus 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg, Netherlands.,Department of Educational Sciences, Atlántico Medio University, Spain
| | - Mariek M P Vanden Abeele
- Department of Cognition and Communication, School of Humanities and Digital Sciences, Tilburg University, Postbus 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg, Netherlands.,imec-mict-Ugent, Ghent University, Korte Meer 9-11, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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28
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Lerma M, Marquez C, Sandoval K, Cooper TV. Psychosocial Correlates of Excessive Social Media Use in a Hispanic College Sample. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2021; 24:722-728. [PMID: 33956536 PMCID: PMC9836676 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2020.0498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Excessive social media has emerged as a potential behavioral addiction with multiple consequences, especially in young adulthood (18-24 years). This study aimed to assess the relationship between excessive social media use, sociodemographics, and psychosocial constructs in a Hispanic college student sample. College students (n = 621; n = 456 females; n = 160 males) from a university located on the U.S./Mexico border completed a survey assessing sociodemographics, social media addiction, social media use, and psychosocial constructs (e.g., Internet motives, sensation seeking, and need for drama [NFD]). Descriptive analyses were conducted, as were two linear regressions assessing weekly social media use and social media addiction. Participants reported using social media an average of 20 hours a week (SD = 19.47). In addition, 57.9 percent of participants reported using social media once a day or more, whereas 15.1 percent met the social media addiction threshold. Weekly social media use was positively associated with NFD, socialization, and coping as motives while being negatively associated with age. Social media addiction was positively associated with NFD and coping while being negatively associated with age. Findings suggest that Hispanic college students evidence high social media use rates and may be using social media as an unhealthy strategy to deal with negative mood and daily problems. Furthermore, college students may be using social media as an avenue to engage in attention-seeking behaviors and manipulation of others. Prospective studies are warranted to assess these relationships temporally, as are intervention efforts aimed at reducing excessive social media use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Lerma
- Prevention and Treatment of Clinical Health Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Christopher Marquez
- Prevention and Treatment of Clinical Health Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Kevin Sandoval
- Prevention and Treatment of Clinical Health Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Theodore V. Cooper
- Prevention and Treatment of Clinical Health Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
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29
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Jones R, Mougouei D, Evans SL. Understanding the emotional response to Covid-19 information in news and social media: A mental health perspective. HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 2021; 3:832-842. [PMID: 34901769 PMCID: PMC8652655 DOI: 10.1002/hbe2.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic and ensuing social restrictions has been profound, affecting the health, livelihoods, and wellbeing of populations worldwide. Studies have shown widespread effects on mental health, with an increase in stress, loneliness, and depression symptoms related to the pandemic. Media plays a critical role in containing and managing crises, by informing society and fostering positive behavior change. Social restrictions have led to a large increase in reliance on online media channels, and this can influence mental health and wellbeing. Anxiety levels, for instance, may be exacerbated by exposure to COVID‐related content, contagion of negative sentiment among social networks, and “fake news.” In some cases, this may trigger abstinence, leading to isolation and limited access to vital information. To be able to communicate distressing news during crises while protecting the wellbeing of individuals is not trivial; it requires a deeper understanding of people's emotional response to online and social media content. This paper selectively reviews research into consequences of social media usage and online news consumption for wellbeing and mental health, focusing on and discussing their effects in the context of the pandemic. Advances in Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, for example, Natural Language Processing, Sentiment Analysis, and Emotion Recognition, are discussed as useful methods for investigating effects on population mental health as the pandemic situation evolves. We present suggestions for future research, and for using these advances to assess large data sets of users' online content, to potentially inform strategies that enhance the mental health of social media users going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind Jones
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Surrey Guildford UK
| | - Davoud Mougouei
- School of Sciences University of Southern Queensland Toowoomba Queensland Australia
| | - Simon L Evans
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Surrey Guildford UK
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30
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Freire RC, Santos VA. Features shared between fear of missing out on rewarding experiences (FOMO) and internet gaming disorder. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2020; 43:129-130. [PMID: 33053071 PMCID: PMC8023157 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael C Freire
- Department of Psychiatry and Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Laboratório do Pânico e Respiração, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Veruska A Santos
- Laboratório do Pânico e Respiração, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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