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Nigg C, Alothman SA, Alghannam AF, Schipperijn J, AlAhmed R, Alsukait RF, Rakic S, Cetinkaya V, Al-Hazzaa HM, Alqahtani SA. A systematic review on the associations between the built environment and adult's physical activity in global tropical and subtropical climate regions. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2024; 21:59. [PMID: 38773559 PMCID: PMC11107026 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-024-01582-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical inactivity is a major public health concern, exacerbated in countries with a (sub)tropical climate. The built environment can facilitate physical activity; however, current evidence is mainly from North American and European countries with activity-friendly climate conditions. This study explored associations between built environment features and physical activity in global tropical or subtropical dry or desert climate regions. METHODS A systematic review of four major databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and SportDISCUS) was performed. To be included, studies had to investigate associations between perceived or objective built environment characteristics and adult's physical activity and had to be conducted in a location with (sub)tropical climate. Each investigated association was reported as one case and results were synthesized based upon perceived and objectively assessed environment characteristics as well as Western and non-Western countries. Study quality was evaluated using a tool designed for assessing studies on built environment and physical activity. RESULTS Eighty-four articles from 50 studies in 13 countries with a total of 2546 built environment-physical activity associations were included. Design (connectivity, walking/cycling infrastructure), desirability (aesthetics, safety), and destination accessibility were the built environment characteristics most frequently associated with physical activity across the domains active transport, recreational physical activity, total walking and cycling, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, particularly if multiple attributes were present at the same time. Very few studies assessed built environment attributes specifically relevant to physical activity in (sub)tropical climates. Most studies were conducted in Western countries, with results being largely comparable with non-Western countries. Findings were largely generalizable across gender and age groups. Results from natural experiments indicated that relocating to an activity-friendly neighborhood impacted sub-groups differently. CONCLUSIONS Built environment attributes, including destination accessibility, connectivity, walking and cycling infrastructure, safety, and aesthetics, are positively associated with physical activity in locations with (sub)tropical climate. However, few studies focus on built environment attributes specifically relevant in a hot climate, such as shade or indoor recreation options. Further, there is limited evidence from non-Western countries, where most of the urban population lives in (sub)tropical climates. Policy makers should focus on implementing activity-friendly environment attributes to create sustainable and climate-resilient cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Nigg
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, Bern, 3012, Switzerland.
| | - Shaima A Alothman
- Lifestyle and Health Research Center, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, PO Box 47330, Riyadh, 11552, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F Alghannam
- Lifestyle and Health Research Center, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, PO Box 47330, Riyadh, 11552, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jasper Schipperijn
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 39, Odense, 5230, Denmark
| | - Reem AlAhmed
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing Department (BESC), King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem F Alsukait
- Community Health Sciences, King Saud University, PO Box 145111, Riyadh, 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Severin Rakic
- The World Bank, 1818 H Street N.W, Washington, DC, 20433, USA
| | | | - Hazzaa M Al-Hazzaa
- Lifestyle and Health Research Center, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, PO Box 47330, Riyadh, 11552, Saudi Arabia
- School of Sport Sciences, University of Jordan, King Abdullah II St, Amman, Jordan
| | - Saleh A Alqahtani
- Liver Transplant Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, 11564, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
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Amin M, Kerr D, Atiase Y, Samir MM, Driscoll A. Effect of a home-based physical activity program on metabolic syndrome in Ghanaian adults with type 2 diabetes: Protocol for a feasibility randomized controlled trial. Nurs Open 2024; 11:e2180. [PMID: 38783557 PMCID: PMC11116756 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.2180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM To describe the protocol of a feasibility trial designed to test the preliminary effect of a 12-week culturally appropriate physical activity programme on metabolic syndrome markers and quality of life in Ghanaian adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). DESIGN Feasibility randomised controlled trial. METHODS Through random allocation, 90 adults with T2DM will be allocated to either the control group (CG) (n = 45) or the intervention group (IG) (n = 45). The IG will receive the physical activity programme in addition to their usual diabetes care; those in the CG will receive their usual diabetes care. Measurements will be performed at baseline and 12-week follow-up. The primary outcome is a change in metabolic syndrome markers in the IG compared to the CG. Secondary outcomes are: (a) a change in quality of life in the IG compared to the CG, (b) the feasibility of implementation. RESULTS Findings will inform the design of a future large-scale trial. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Patients with T2DM and their healthcare professionals contributed to this study protocol by participating in semi-structured interviews towards the design of the physical activity programme. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER The trial is registered in the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (registration number: ACTRN12622000323729p).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Amin
- Centre for Quality and Patient Safety, Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, School of Nursing and MidwiferyDeakin UniversityBurwoodVictoriaAustralia
| | - Debra Kerr
- Centre for Quality and Patient Safety, Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, School of Nursing and MidwiferyDeakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia
| | - Yacoba Atiase
- University of Ghana School of Medicine and Dentistry, National Diabetes Management and Research CentreKorle‐Bu Teaching HospitalAccraGhana
| | | | - Andrea Driscoll
- Centre for Quality and Patient Safety, Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, School of Nursing and MidwiferyDeakin UniversityBurwoodVictoriaAustralia
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Tong HL, Alnasser A, Alshahrani NZ, Bawaked RA, AlAhmed R, Alsukait RF, Rakic S, Cetinkaya V, Al-Hazzaa HM, Alqahtani SA. The Use of Mobile Technologies to Promote Physical Activity and Reduce Sedentary Behaviors in the Middle East and North Africa Region: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e53651. [PMID: 38502160 PMCID: PMC10988381 DOI: 10.2196/53651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region faces unique challenges in promoting physical activity and reducing sedentary behaviors, as the prevalence of insufficient physical activity is higher than the global average. Mobile technologies present a promising approach to delivering behavioral interventions; however, little is known about the effectiveness and user perspectives on these technologies in the MENA region. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of mobile interventions targeting physical activity and sedentary behaviors in the MENA region and explore users' perspectives on these interventions as well as any other outcomes that might influence users' adoption and use of mobile technologies (eg, appropriateness and cultural fit). METHODS A systematic search of 5 databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, and Global Index Medicus) was performed. Any primary studies (participants of all ages regardless of medical condition) conducted in the MENA region that investigated the use of mobile technologies and reported any measures of physical activity, sedentary behaviors, or user perceptions were included. We conducted a narrative synthesis of all studies and a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used to assess the quality of the included RCTs; quality assessment of the rest of the included studies was completed using the relevant Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. RESULTS In total, 27 articles describing 22 interventions (n=10, 37% RCTs) and 4 (15%) nonexperimental studies were included (n=6141, 46% women). Half (11/22, 50%) of the interventions included mobile apps, whereas the other half examined SMS. The main app functions were goal setting and self-monitoring of activity, whereas SMS interventions were primarily used to deliver educational content. Users in experimental studies described several benefits of the interventions (eg, gaining knowledge and receiving reminders to be active). Engagement with the interventions was poorly reported; few studies (8/27, 30%) examined users' perspectives on the appropriateness or cultural fit of the interventions. Nonexperimental studies examined users' perspectives on mobile apps and fitness trackers, reporting several barriers to their use, such as perceived lack of usefulness, loss of interest, and technical issues. The meta-analysis of RCTs showed a positive effect of mobile interventions on physical activity outcomes (standardized mean difference=0.45, 95% CI 0.17-0.73); several sensitivity analyses showed similar results. The trim-and-fill method showed possible publication bias. Only 20% (2/10) of the RCTs measured sedentary behaviors; both reported positive changes. CONCLUSIONS The use of mobile interventions for physical activity and sedentary behaviors in the MENA region is in its early stages, with preliminary evidence of effectiveness. Policy makers and researchers should invest in high-quality studies to evaluate long-term effectiveness, intervention engagement, and implementation outcomes, which can inform the design of culturally and socially appropriate interventions for countries in the MENA region. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42023392699; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=392699.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong Ly Tong
- Cultural and Indigenous Research Centre Australia, Redfern, Australia
- The World Bank Group, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Aroub Alnasser
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najim Z Alshahrani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rowaedh A Bawaked
- Department of Public Health, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem AlAhmed
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Hazzaa M Al-Hazzaa
- Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Alqahtani
- Organ Transplant Center of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Chaabane S, Chaabna K, Khawaja S, Aboughanem J, Mittal D, Mamtani R, Cheema S. Sleep disorders and associated factors among medical students in the Middle East and North Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4656. [PMID: 38409132 PMCID: PMC10897338 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53818-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep disturbances like poor and insufficient sleep are common among medical students in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries; however, the extent of medically defined sleep disorders (SDs) remains unclear. This meta-analysis determines SD prevalence and identifies associated factors among medical students in the MENA. PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and reference lists of included studies were searched (latest search: June 2022). Meta-analyses included 22 studies and were performed using random-effect models. Included studies used self-reported screening tools for assessing SDs and then estimated the proportion of participants at high risk of developing a SD. Central disorders of hypersomnolence were the most prevalent SD [prevalencepooled range: 30.9% (Jordan) to 62.5% (Saudi Arabia)], followed by insomnia disorders [prevalencepooled range: 30.4% (Jordan) to 59.1% (Morocco)], circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders [prevalencepooled range: 13.5% (Jordan) to 22.4% (Saudi Arabia)], sleep-related breathing disorders [prevalencepooled range: 12.2% (Jordan) to 22.5% (Pakistan)], sleep-related movement disorders [prevalencepooled range: 5.9% (Egypt) to 30.6% (Saudi Arabia)], and parasomnias [prevalencepooled range: 5.6% (Jordan) to 17.4% (Saudi Arabia)]. Female sex, studying in the latter academic years, having anxiety, excessive internet use, and poor academic performance were significantly associated with SDs. SDs are prevalent among MENA medical students. Implementing student-centered interventions targeting high risk groups in medical schools should be considered to improve students' health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Chaabane
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box. 24144, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Karima Chaabna
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box. 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Salina Khawaja
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box. 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jasmine Aboughanem
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box. 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Dhruv Mittal
- Intern, Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box. 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ravinder Mamtani
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box. 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sohaila Cheema
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box. 24144, Doha, Qatar
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Anyachukwu CC, Amarah CC, Atueyi BC, Anthony I, Nweke M, Abaraogu U. Effectiveness of Back care education Programme among school children: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:95. [PMID: 38308207 PMCID: PMC10835972 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04563-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Systematic review of Randomised controlled trials. OBJECTIVES With the increasing incidence of back pain among children and its untold implications to their future, back education tailored in an effective way would be indicated. However literature appears unsettled. This study aims to review available literature to determine the effect of school-based back education in preventing and managing low back pain in school children. METHODS Randomized controlled trials carried out on elementary and secondary school children of ages 6 to 18 years and published in English language were included. Back education taught in hospitals or other settings were excluded. Primary outcome was back pain prevalence and secondary outcomes were constituted from the study characteristics of selected studies which includes: back behavior, knowledge, postural habits, physical activity, fear-avoidance beliefs, back pack carriage, pain intensity, skills and self efficacy. Databases searched were PEDro, HINARI, PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar. Available stiudies from 2000 to March 2022 were retrieved. Quality of studies were assessed using the PEDro scale. Obtained studies were descriptively analyzed. RESULTS A total 8420 studies were retrieved and 8 studies (with 1239 participants) were included in this review. Four studies each assessed back knowledge and back behavior, and two assessed back pain prevalence. There were improvements in back knowledge and back behaviour, but effectiveness of back care education on back pain prevalence was not conclusive. Forms of education used involved the indirect method of conditioning the environment and the direct method which made use of theory, practical lessons and educational books and materials. CONCLUSION Back care education programmes in schools are effective in improving back care knowledge, behavior and reduction in low back pain frequency. Reduction in back pain prevalence is not conclusive. Back care education could be incorporated as part of schools' education programmes. Limitations include exclusion of non English language studies and inconsistent outcome measures. FUNDING SOURCE None. REGISTRATION This review protocol was registered under the International platform of Registered systematic review and meta-analysis protocol (INPLASY) with the registration number; INPLASY202310044 and DOI number; https://doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.1.0044.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canice Chukwudi Anyachukwu
- Department of medical rehabilitation, Faculty of health sciences and technology, College of medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu state, Nigeria
| | - Confidence Chinemerem Amarah
- Department of medical rehabilitation, Faculty of health sciences and technology, College of medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu state, Nigeria.
| | - Blessing Chiagozikam Atueyi
- Department of medical rehabilitation, Faculty of health sciences and technology, College of medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu state, Nigeria
| | - Ifeanyi Anthony
- Department of medical rehabilitation, Faculty of health sciences and technology, College of medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu state, Nigeria
| | - Martins Nweke
- Department of physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ukachukwu Abaraogu
- Department of medical rehabilitation, Faculty of health sciences and technology, College of medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu state, Nigeria
- Research Center for Health (ReaCH) Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
- Division of Biological Sciences and Health University of the West of Scotland, Lanarkshire, UK
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Mansour R, Al-Ani A, Al-Hussaini M, Abdel-Razeq H, Al-Ibraheem A, Mansour AH. Modifiable risk factors for cancer in the middle East and North Africa: a scoping review. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:223. [PMID: 38238708 PMCID: PMC10797965 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17787-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This scoping review examines controllable predisposing factors attributable to cancer in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region's adult population, highlighting opportunities to enhance cancer prevention programs. DESIGN We systematically searched the PubMed, Science Direct, and CINAHL, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases from 1997 to 2022 for articles reporting on the impact of modifiable risk factors on adult patients with cancer in the MENA region. RESULTS The review identified 42 relevant articles, revealing that tobacco consumption, obesity, physical inactivity, and diet are significant modifiable risk factors for cancer in the region. Tobacco smoking is a leading cause of lung, bladder, squamous cell carcinoma, and colorectal cancer. A shift towards a westernized, calorie-dense diet has been observed, with some evidence suggesting that a Mediterranean diet may be protective against cancer. Obesity is a known risk factor for cancer, particularly breast malignancy, but further research is needed to determine its impact in the MENA region. Physical inactivity has been linked to colorectal cancer, but more studies are required to establish this relationship conclusively. Alcohol consumption, infections, and exposure to environmental carcinogens are additional risk factors, although the literature on these topics is limited. CONCLUSION The review emphasizes the need for further research and the development of targeted cancer prevention strategies in the MENA region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razan Mansour
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, USA
| | - Abdallah Al-Ani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Maysa Al-Hussaini
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hikmat Abdel-Razeq
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Akram Al-Ibraheem
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Asem H Mansour
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan.
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Rajab E, Wasif P, Doherty S, Gaynor D, Malik H, Fredericks S, Al-Qallaf A, Almuqahwi R, Alsharbati W, Rashid-Doubell F. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour of Bahraini people with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study. Digit Health 2024; 10:20552076241251997. [PMID: 38766358 PMCID: PMC11102684 DOI: 10.1177/20552076241251997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Study patterns of physical activity and sedentary behaviour and the influence of demographics and body mass index (BMI) on these behaviours amongst Bahraini adults with type 2 diabetes over 10 weeks using an activity tracker. Method This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at a Bahrain government health centre. Thirty-three Bahraini Arab adults, 30-60 years old, with controlled type 2 diabetes, wore a Fitbit Flex 2TM activity tracker for 10 weeks. Data on age, sex, marital and employment status, education and BMI were collected at the start of the study. Results A total of N = 32 participants completed the study. The average steps per day were 7859 ± 4131, and there were no differences between baseline, week 5 and 10. A third of participants were sedentary, based on a threshold of 5000 steps/day. Females accumulated fewer average daily steps than males (6728 ± 2936 vs. 10,281 ± 4623, p = 0.018). Daily averages for physical activity intensity were as follows: sedentary (786 ± 109 min), light (250 ± 76 min), moderate (9 ± 10 min) and vigorous (12 ± 18 min). Males had higher daily averages versus females for moderate (13 ± 9 vs. 5 ± 9 min, p = 0.018) and vigorous physical activity (21 ± 23 vs. 5 ± 7 min, p = 0.034). 91% of participants wore the device ≥10 h/day. The adherence rate was 79% based on percentage of days the device was worn continuously over 10 weeks. Conclusion Future physical activity interventions should target sedentary and female participants with type 2 diabetes. In addition, we need to understand the facilitators and barriers to physical activity and the physical activity preferences of these two subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Rajab
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland & Medical University Bahrain, Adliya, Bahrain
| | - Pearl Wasif
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland & Medical University Bahrain, Adliya, Bahrain
| | - Sally Doherty
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland & Medical University Bahrain, Adliya, Bahrain
| | - Declan Gaynor
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland & Medical University Bahrain, Adliya, Bahrain
| | - Hani Malik
- Mohammed Jassim Kanoo Health Centre, Hamad Town, Bahrain
| | - Salim Fredericks
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland & Medical University Bahrain, Adliya, Bahrain
| | - Amal Al-Qallaf
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland & Medical University Bahrain, Adliya, Bahrain
| | - Rabab Almuqahwi
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland & Medical University Bahrain, Adliya, Bahrain
| | | | - Fiza Rashid-Doubell
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland & Medical University Bahrain, Adliya, Bahrain
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Zhang J, Yuan Z, Mo C, Kang Y, Wang F, Wei X, Huang S, Qin F, Jiang J, Liang H, Ye L. The global burden of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes attributable to low physical activity, 1990-2019: an analysis from the global burden of disease study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1247705. [PMID: 38173813 PMCID: PMC10762785 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1247705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) account for the majority of the burden of noncommunicable disease caused by low physical activity (LPA). In order to inform future interventions, this study aims to assess the burden and trends in mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of CVD and T2D attributable to LPA by year, location, sex, and age from 1990 to 2019. Methods Mortality, DALYs, and their age-standardised rates (ASMR, ASDR) for CVD and T2D attributable to LPA were retrieved from Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019. The estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated using linear regression model to describe the trend over time. Results From 1990 to 2019, the number of deaths caused by both CVD and T2D due to LPA increased significantly globally. However, the overall ASMR and ASDR for CVD declined over this same period [EAPC for ASMR (CVD) = -1.44 (95% CI: -1.50-1.38), EAPC for ASDR (CVD) = -1.30 (95% CI: -1.35 to -1.25)]. In terms of disparities, ASMR (CVD) and ASDR (CVD) in North Africa and the Middle East were consistently higher than the global average; also, the sex difference in ASMR was greatest in Central Asia. ASMR among people aged 25-44 in high Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) region has increased significantly over the past three decades. ASMR (T2D) due to LPA showed an increasing trend year by year, with EAPC = 0.26 (95% CI: 0.13-0.39), and this rate increased faster in males than in females. Consistent with cardiovascular diseases, ASMR of type 2 diabetes attributable to LPA increased among people aged 25-44, while decreased in other age groups in high SDI region. Conclusion Interventions targeting LPA are warranted in controlling the burden of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Countries should adapt strategies to their local contexts, considering the sex and age differences among their populations. The 25-44 age group should be given special attention to prevent the disease burden from worsening among younger people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Junjun Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hao Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Li Ye
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Kahan D. Physical Inactivity Prevalence in the Islamic World: An Updated Analysis of 47 Countries. J Phys Act Health 2023; 20:1133-1142. [PMID: 37758262 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical inactivity prevalence estimates for youth and adults have been published on a global scale and for various geographical and geopolitical permutations. Only one such study has presented estimates for adults in Muslim countries, and it is nearly 10 years old. I conducted an update of this study by incorporating newer data, refining methods, and including youth estimates. METHODS I identified 47 Muslim countries with physical inactivity data for youth, adults, or both. Data were extracted by country primarily from global estimates reported by Guthold et al in 2018 and 2020 and from World Health Organization surveillance data repositories. Weighted prevalence calculations for total prevalence and by sex, ethnicity (Arab vs non-Arab), and country income group accounted for country population, study sample size, and a country's proportion of Muslims. Z tests and chi-square tests, and follow-up odds ratios and percentage deviations, respectively, were used to determine differences by sex, ethnicity, and country income group. RESULTS Overall physical inactivity prevalence was 84.2% (youth) and 29.6% (adults). Gaps favoring males over females were observed for youth (5.6% lower prevalence) and adults (9.6% lower prevalence). Gaps favoring non-Arabs over Arabs were observed for youth (3.9% lower) and adults (3.8% lower). No pattern emerged for country income group for youth; however, prevalence for adults trended upward across income groups from low (22.7%) to high (62.0%). CONCLUSIONS Gaps by sex and ethnicity have narrowed since the original report and prevalence values are somewhat higher than current global estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kahan
- Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC, USA
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Burahmah E, Shanmugam S, Stansfield B. Full-Day Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour Levels of Typically Developing Children and Adolescents in the Middle East: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6940. [PMID: 37887678 PMCID: PMC10606092 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20206940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) are important components of physical behaviour associated with long-term health outcomes. Environmental and cultural factors may influence physical behaviour. To explore full day PA and SB in children and adolescents (2-18 years old) in the Middle East, a systematic literature review was performed including 183 journal articles. A wide range of PA and SB outcomes were reported, in some cases making synthesis of results difficult. As a consequence, results were generally reported narratively (MVPA time, total PA, SB time). Meta-regression of daily step count revealed females took 4600 fewer steps than males, with 3000 fewer steps on weekdays than weekends, and overweight individuals taking 2800 fewer steps/day. Steps decreased with age. Meta-regression for TV viewing time demonstrated an increase by 0.04 h per year of age. Even though environmental and cultural conditions may be different, PA and SB of children and adolescents in the Middle East were largely comparable to those of Europeans and North Americans. The wide range of data collection instruments used (both self-report questionnaire and body-worn devices) and heterogeneity of data made synthesis of reported data across studies very difficult, suggesting a need for greater standardisation of data collection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ben Stansfield
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK; (E.B.); (S.S.)
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11
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Hofmarcher T, Manzano García A, Wilking N, Lindgren P. The Disease Burden and Economic Burden of Cancer in 9 Countries in the Middle East and Africa. Value Health Reg Issues 2023; 37:81-87. [PMID: 37364406 DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to characterize the epidemiological development of cancer in the Middle East and Africa since 2000 and to quantify its current economic impact. METHODS Nine countries were studied: Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, and the United Arab Emirates. Information on causes of death and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) was obtained from the World Health Organization. Information on cancer incidence was collected from local cancer registries and estimations by the World Health Organization. The economic burden of cancer was estimated from local health expenditure data and from age-specific mortality data. RESULTS Between 2000 and 2019, cancer went from third-leading to second-leading cause of death (10% to 13% of all deaths) across these 9 countries. It also climbed from the sixth-leading to third-leading cause of DALYs (6% to 8% of all DALYs). New cancer cases per 100 000 inhabitants increased by 10% to 100% between 2000 and 2019, whereas future increases until 2040 range from 27% in Egypt to 208% in the United Arab Emirates, solely because of expected demographic changes. The economic burden of cancer ranged from around USD 15 per capita in the 4 African countries to USD 79 in Kuwait in 2019. CONCLUSIONS Cancer is becoming one of the leading causes of disease burden in the Middle East and Africa. Patient numbers are expected to rise strongly in the coming decades. Increasing healthcare expenditure on appropriate cancer care is important to improve patient outcomes and can attenuate the economic impact of cancer on society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nils Wilking
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Peter Lindgren
- IHE - The Swedish Institute for Health Economics, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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Dai T, Wang J, Gan G, zhang C, Dong X, Yang P, Wang Y, Xie J, Xiao R, Duan Y. The moderating role of physical activity on the relationship between work intensity and depressive symptoms among the employees. SSM Popul Health 2023; 23:101435. [PMID: 37252289 PMCID: PMC10220476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to examine the associations between work intensity and depressive symptoms among the working population, as well as to identify the impact of physical activity (PA) on these relationships. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to analyze the correlations among work intensity, PA, and depressive symptoms. Working hours and working days were positively correlated with depressive symptoms (r = 0.108, 0.063; all p values were <0.001). Regular PA, exercise time, exercise frequency, and exercise years were negatively correlated with depressive symptoms (r = -0.121, -0.124, -0.152, -0.149; all p values were <0.001) and working days (r = -0.066, -0.050, -0.069, -0.044; all p values were <0.001), working hours (r = -0.113. -0.106, -0.161, -0.123; all p values were <0.001). Working days was positively correlated with working hours (r = 0.512, p < 0.001). Different levels of PA alleviated the effect of working hours or working days on depressive symptoms. Working hours seemed to be more correlated with depressive symptoms than working days. The results suggest that PA at any level could buffer against the effects of work intensity and might prove a helpful strategy for improving mental health issues among employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Dai
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
- Nursing Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Jiangang Wang
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Gang Gan
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, 410017, China
| | - Chun zhang
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, 410017, China
| | - Xiaoqian Dong
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, 410017, China
| | - Pingting Yang
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yaqin Wang
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Jianfei Xie
- Nursing Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Rui Xiao
- Hospital Management Office, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yinglong Duan
- Emergency Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
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13
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AlBlooshi S, Hijazi R, Kennedy L, Al Rajabi A. UAE Women's Knowledge and Attitudes towards Physical Activity during Pregnancy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6669. [PMID: 37681809 PMCID: PMC10487832 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20176669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The benefits of being physically active during pregnancy are widely acknowledged. It is important for the prevention of chronic diseases and the promotion of good health for mothers and children. However, physical activity by women in the UAE is notoriously low and reduced further during pregnancy. The same can be said regarding research about the knowledge and understanding of the benefits and risks associated with exercise as a predictor of behavior. We aimed to assess knowledge and attitudes towards physical activity during pregnancy amongst Emirati women. A cross-sectional digital survey was designed to assess knowledge and attitudes and distributed to women, aged 18-40 years, using non-randomized, purposeful snowball sampling. A total of 1538 women were recruited. Most participants were aged 20-29 years (53.5%), were Emiratis (88.9%), and had no history of chronic disease (68.6%). The participants self-reported very low levels of PA (75.5%) and had a below-average level of knowledge overall (40.6 ± 20). Younger ages (p < 0.001), lower educational levels (p = 0.004), being employed (p = 0.014), and having a history of chronic disease (p = 0.016) were significantly associated with lower mean knowledge scores, while being married (p = 0.003) was significantly associated with higher scores. The participants also exhibited a positive attitude towards physical activity during pregnancy by selecting answers that they supported it. To encourage physical activity, women living in the UAE could benefit from clear advice about safe physical activity during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharifa AlBlooshi
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai P.O. Box 19282, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Rafiq Hijazi
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 144534, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Lynne Kennedy
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 144534, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Ala Al Rajabi
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 144534, United Arab Emirates;
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
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14
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Evenson KR, Alothman SA, Moore CC, Hamza MM, Rakic S, Alsukait RF, Herbst CH, Baattaiah BA, AlAhmed R, Al-Hazzaa HM, Alqahtani SA. A scoping review on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity and sedentary behavior in Saudi Arabia. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:572. [PMID: 36973687 PMCID: PMC10041481 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15422-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Saudi Arabia, stay-at-home orders to address the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic between March 15 and 23, 2020 and eased on May 28, 2020. We conducted a scoping review to systematically describe physical activity and sedentary behavior in Saudi Arabia associated with the timing of the lockdown. METHODS We searched six databases on December 13, 2021 for articles published in English or Arabic from 2018 to the search date. Studies must have reported data from Saudi Arabia for any age and measured physical activity or sedentary behavior. RESULTS Overall, 286 records were found; after excluding duplicates, 209 records were screened, and 19 studies were included in the review. Overall, 15 studies were cross-sectional, and 4 studies were prospective cohorts. Three studies included children and adolescents (age: 2-18 years), and 16 studies included adults (age: 15-99 years). Data collection periods were < = 5 months, with 17 studies collecting data in 2020 only, one study in 2020-2021, and one study in 2021. The median analytic sample size was 363 (interquartile range 262-640). Three studies of children/adolescents collected behaviors online at one time using parental reporting, with one also allowing self-reporting. All three studies found that physical activity was lower during and/or following the lockdown than before the lockdown. Two studies found screen time, television watching, and playing video games were higher during or following the lockdown than before the lockdown. Sixteen adult studies assessed physical activity, with 15 utilizing self-reporting and one using accelerometry. Physical activity, exercise, walking, and park visits were all lower during or following the lockdown than before the lockdown. Six adult studies assessed sedentary behavior using self-report. Sitting time (4 studies) and screen time (2 studies) were higher during or following the lockdown than before the lockdown. CONCLUSIONS Among children, adolescents, and adults, studies consistently indicated that in the short-term, physical activity decreased and sedentary behavior increased in conjunction with the movement restrictions. Given the widespread impact of the pandemic on other health behaviors, it would be important to continue tracking behaviors post-lockdown and identify subpopulations that may not have returned to their physical activity and sedentary behavior to pre-pandemic levels to focus on intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly R Evenson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, NC, Chapel Hill, USA.
| | - Shaima A Alothman
- Lifestyle and Health Research Center, Health Science Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christopher C Moore
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, NC, Chapel Hill, USA
| | | | | | - Reem F Alsukait
- World Bank Group, Washington, D.C, USA
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Baian A Baattaiah
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem AlAhmed
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazzaa M Al-Hazzaa
- Lifestyle and Health Research Center, Health Science Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Alqahtani
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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15
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Banda J, Bunn C, Crampin AC, Gill JMR, Gray CM. Qualitative study of practices and attitudes towards physical activity among prediabetic men and women in urban and rural Malawi. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e058261. [PMID: 36653056 PMCID: PMC9853122 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Given the decline in physical activity levels in Malawi, like other sub-Saharan African countries, and its implication for non-communicable disease (NCD) prevention, this study aimed to compare and contrast accounts of practices and attitudes towards physical activity among Malawian men and women (previously identified as having pre-diabetes) in urban and rural settings. SETTING Two communities: one urban (Lilongwe) and one rural (Karonga). PARTICIPANTS 14 men (urban N=6, rural N=8) and 18 women (urban N=9, rural N=9) classified as prediabetic during their participation in an NCD survey 3-5 years previously. DESIGN A qualitative focus group study (N=4) and thematic analysis, with the ecological model used as a framework to characterise the types of physical activity people engaged in and potential ways to support them to exercise more. RESULTS Participants reported undertaking different types of physical activity across all ecological model domains (household, occupational, transport, recreational). Rural participants reported more vigorous physical activities than urban participants, and women reported more household activities than men. Many participants recognised a need to promote physical activity in Malawi, and the health benefits of doing so, including the importance of physical activity in helping them stay strong to maintain physical functioning. Barriers to physical activity included competing priorities (especially urban men), societal expectations around wealth, use of motorised transport, lack of accessible facilities for women, ageing and ill health. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity is declining in Malawi as working and transport practices change in response to economic development, making promotion of alternative forms of physical activity a public health priority. Multilevel interventions emphasising the personal benefits/value of physical activity for all ages, and routine and group-based exercising, as well as investment in accessible recreational facilities (including for women) and active travel infrastructure should be considered to improve physical activity levels in Malawi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jethro Banda
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Christopher Bunn
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi
- School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Amelia C Crampin
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jason M R Gill
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Cindy M Gray
- School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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16
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Nagasawa T, Okuhara T, Terada M, Okada H, Goto E, Kiuchi T. Print Materials to Promote Physical Activities in Japan: Content Analysis from a Goal Theory. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11020239. [PMID: 36673607 PMCID: PMC9859506 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity has significant health benefits for the heart, body, and mind. However, the percentage of people engaging in exercise routines is low in Japan. Goals are important components of motivation. Scholars suggest that appropriately setting both subordinate goals of what to do and superordinate goals of why to do it may motivate the audience and promote behavior. However, it is not known what goals are presented in print materials that promote physical activity. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the presented goals by performing content analysis of those materials in Japan. We collected print materials such as leaflets, brochures, and posters via website search. The presence of subordinate and superordinate goals and topics for each goal was analyzed. A total of 224 print materials were systematically collected and analyzed. The results showed that 14.3% of the print materials did not present any superordinate goals, whereas 100% of them presented subordinate goals. For superordinate goals, healthy aging was frequently presented. For subordinate goals, 67.4% presented only exercise. There is a difference in presenting goals between the private and government sectors. Since goals affect motivation and behavior change, it may be beneficial to incorporate the findings of the goal theory in future print materials.
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17
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Felez-Nobrega M, Werneck AO, Bauman A, Haro JM, Koyanagi A. Active school commuting in adolescents from 28 countries across Africa, the Americas, and Asia: a temporal trends study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:1. [PMID: 36597087 PMCID: PMC9811778 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01404-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence examining trends in active school commuting among adolescents are mainly single-country studies, and principally focused on high-income countries. Thus, the present study aims to examine temporal trends in adolescents' active school commuting and to examine if there are differences in such trends by sex. We used nationally representative samples of 28 countries, which were predominantly low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), covering 5 different WHO regions. METHODS Data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey 2004-2017 were analyzed in 177,616 adolescents [mean (SD) age: 13.7 (1.0) years; 50.7% girls]. Active school commuting was self-reported (frequency of walking or riding a bike to and from school in the past 7 days). The prevalence and 95%CI of active school commuting (i.e., ≥ 3 days/week) was calculated for the overall sample and by sex for each survey. Crude linear trends in active school commuting were assessed by linear regression models. Interaction analyses were conducted to examine differing trends among boys and girls. RESULTS Trends in active school commuting were heterogeneous across countries, with results showing stable patterns for the majority (16/28), decreasing trends for some (7/28) and increasing trends over time for a few (5/28). The majority of countries showed no differences in active school commuting trends between girls and boys. CONCLUSIONS The quantification of changes in adolescents' active school commuting over time, together with a deeper understanding of local determinants for such behaviors will provide valuable evidence to inform the development of tailored and context-specific actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Felez-Nobrega
- grid.466982.70000 0004 1771 0789Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, C/ Dr. Antoni Pujadas 42, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427Centre for Biomedical Research On Mental Health (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - André O. Werneck
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adrian Bauman
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSchool of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- grid.466982.70000 0004 1771 0789Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, C/ Dr. Antoni Pujadas 42, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427Centre for Biomedical Research On Mental Health (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- grid.466982.70000 0004 1771 0789Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, C/ Dr. Antoni Pujadas 42, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427Centre for Biomedical Research On Mental Health (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain ,grid.425902.80000 0000 9601 989XICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
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Chaabna K, Chaabane S, Jithesh A, Doraiswamy S, Mamtani R, Cheema S. Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the proportion of physically active children and adults worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1009703. [PMID: 36568744 PMCID: PMC9780669 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1009703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Safety measures implemented to address the COVID-19 pandemic have had a profound impact on the mobility of people worldwide We synthesized the global evidence on physical activity (PA) participation before and during the pandemic. Methods We conducted a systematic review, searching PubMed, Embase, WHO Global literature on coronavirus disease (between January 2020 and April 2022), and reference lists. Meta-analysis and meta-regression were conducted to quantitatively synthesize the data. Results and discussion Sixty-three primary studies were included. In children, the global pooled prevalence of PA was 46.4% before the pandemic, 40.6% during the pandemic before movement restriction (MR), and 19.5% during MR. A statistically significant decrease in prevalence was observed between the period before the pandemic and the period during which MR was implemented (p < 0.001). In adults, the global pooled prevalence (both sexes) decreased between the periods before the pandemic (64.7%) and during MR (57.0%). During the period of COVID-19 MR, children had significantly lower odds to meet the WHO PA recommendation than adults (19.5%, 95%CI: 15.8-23.8% vs. 57.0%, 95%CI: 43.3-62.5%; OR = 0.21; p ≤ 0.001). Patient populations were less active than the general population, and their PA levels decreased during the pandemic. Mental and physical health benefits of PA have been well-demonstrated. Prioritizing PA in health campaigns and strategies is critical to address health issues exacerbated during this pandemic. Protocol registration doi: 10.17605/OSF.IO/GVABX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Chaabna
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Ar-Rayyan, Qatar
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Physical Activity Research in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries: Progress Made but Work Still to Do. J Phys Act Health 2022; 19:769-770. [DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ho-A-Tham N, Struyf N, Ting-A-Kee B, de Almeida Mello J, Vanlandewijck Y, Dankaerts W. Physical activity, fear avoidance beliefs and level of disability in a multi-ethnic female population with chronic low back pain in Suriname: A population-based study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276974. [PMID: 36315484 PMCID: PMC9621425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is an important cause for reduced daily physical activity (PA) and loss of quality of life, especially in women. In Suriname, a middle-income country in South America, the relationship between PA and CLBP is still unknown. AIMS To assess the level of PA in women with CLBP of different ethnicity, and to identify whether fear avoidance beliefs (FAB), disability, co-occurring musculoskeletal pain sites and various sociodemographic and lifestyle factors were associated with self-reported PA. METHODS A cross-sectional community-based house-to-house survey was conducted between April 2016 and July 2017. The survey followed the Community Oriented Program for Control of Rheumatic Diseases methodology. Selection criteria were being female of Asian-Surinamese, African-Surinamese or of Mixed ethnicity and aged 18 or older, living in an urban area, and reporting CLBP. Data was collected on PA, FAB, disability, co-occurring musculoskeletal pain sites, CLBP intensity and sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. RESULTS Urban adult women with current CLBP (N = 210) were selected. Nearly 57% of the population met the WHO recommendation on PA, with work-related PA as the largest contributor to total self-reported PA. Most women showed low FAB scores (FABQ-Work ≤34 (96.2%) and FABQ-PA ≤14 (57.6%)) and low disability levels (Oswestry Disability Index ≤20 (62.4%)). An inverse association between total PA and FABQ-Work (OR = 0.132, CI: 0.023; 0.750) was found. In contrast, total PA had a significant, positive association with disability (OR = 2.154, CI: 1.044; 4.447) and workload (OR = 2.224, CI: 1.561; 3.167). All other variables showed no association with total PA. CONCLUSION This was the first study in Suriname reporting that 43.3% of urban adult women with CLBP were physically inactive. Total self-reported PA is influenced by FABQ-Work, average to heavy workload and moderate to severe disability. In this study, PA-Work was the major contributor to total PA. Therefore, future longitudinal studies should evaluate different types and aspects of PA in relation to CLBP management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Ho-A-Tham
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Research Group for Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Faculty of Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Niels Struyf
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Research Group for Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Faculty of Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Beverly Ting-A-Kee
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | | | - Yves Vanlandewijck
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Research Group of Adapted Physical Activity and Psychomotor Rehabilitation, Faculty of Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wim Dankaerts
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Research Group for Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Faculty of Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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21
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Enhancing the Content Validity of Self-Reported Physical Activity Self-Efficacy in Adolescents: A Qualitative Study. Pediatr Phys Ther 2022; 34:519-527. [PMID: 36095058 DOI: 10.1097/pep.0000000000000945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study's primary purpose was to enhance the content validity of a self-reported measure of self-efficacy for physical activity (PA) in adolescents. This was addressed through assessment of younger and older adolescents' understanding of the construct of self-efficacy for PA, coupled with assessment of the content coverage and comprehensibility of items derived from existing measures. METHODS Participants completed individual semistructured and cognitive debriefing interviews as well as 3 PA self-efficacy questionnaires. RESULTS Thematic analysis identified personal and environmental facilitators and barriers to PA self-efficacy. The major categories were physical; psychological; interaction with surroundings; support and relationships; attitudes; and services, systems, and natural environments. Cognitive interviews resulted in the retention of 52 final items: 24 for self-efficacy with perceived facilitators and 28 for self-efficacy to overcome barriers. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a PA self-efficacy instrument with expanded content coverage that is relevant to adolescents as young as 11 years. With further validation testing in future studies, this instrument will enable pediatric physical therapists and researchers to assess PA self-efficacy and design effective intervention strategies to improve PA.
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Weather-Related Human Outdoor Behavior with Respect to Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure in a Changing Climate. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13081183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Climate-related changes in human sun exposure behavior can be an important influence on future ultraviolet radiation (UVR) related disease risks. In particular, active leisure mobility and leisure activities are more dependent on weather conditions than routine activities. However, the direction and extent of the effects vary. For temperate and cold climates, the available studies provide indications that a possible increase in UVR exposure would primarily result from a reduction in clothing and only secondarily from changes in the time spent outdoors. Existing studies suggest a nonlinear, bell-shaped relationship with threshold value effects for the relationship between outdoor time and thermal conditions. If the local climate is already very warm and there are only minor seasonal differences, there is no statistically significant evidence of changes in behavior. If there is significant warm discomfort, there is a tendency to avoid being outdoors or in the sun. It is not justified to simply transfer and generalize results and conclusions to different climates and seasons and between different leisure activities and forms of active mobility. The geographical context must be considered also in terms of cultures and habits, adaptations, traffic and land use (urban, rural). In addition, changes in behavior can develop differently depending on individual characteristics of people such as heat affinity, leisure type, age and gender. Differentiated analyses are required that take into account and balance opposing effects.
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Physical Activity and Its Barriers and Facilitators among University Students in Qatar: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127369. [PMID: 35742617 PMCID: PMC9223824 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Physical inactivity is a leading risk factor for non-communicable diseases worldwide. This study investigated physical activity (PA) level among university students in Qatar and assessed other lifestyle and demographic factors associated with PA. A cross-sectional study was conducted between February 2017 and February 2018. A self-administered questionnaire, comprising questions from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and other validated questionnaires, was used to assess PA and other lifestyle behaviors, including sedentary behavior, stress, sleep, dietary habits, and smoking habits. The results were reported according to the STROBE guidelines. A total of 370 students (response rate = 95.6%) were recruited from eight universities via quota sampling. The prevalence of physically active students—as per the World Health Organization’s recommendation for PA of 150−300 min/week—was 64.9% (75.2% in males and 58.3% in females). Females and students >20 years old were half as likely to be active compared with males and younger students. More males enjoyed getting regular exercise (83.6% vs. 67.7%, p-value = 0.002). Time spent sitting was similar during weekdays and weekends (mean time ± SD = 480.8 ± 277.7 min/week vs. 492.1 ± 265.0 min/week). Sports facilities and green spaces appear to help increase PA among university students in Qatar. Public health interventions should focus on improving PA-related perception and knowledge among students to further increase PA participation.
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Parvin P, Amiri P, Masihay-Akbar H, Khalafehnilsaz M, Cheraghi L, Ghanbarian A, Azizi F. A pragmatic multi-setting lifestyle intervention to improve leisure-time physical activity from adolescence to young adulthood: the vital role of sex and intervention onset time. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:65. [PMID: 35676679 PMCID: PMC9178874 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01301-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-term effectiveness of healthy lifestyle interventions on improving leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) in adolescents and its factors in low- and middle-income communities is unclear. This study is the first to investigate LTPA trends in a population of Iranian adolescents who underwent a multi-setting lifestyle intervention, considering sex and the time of intervention onset. METHODS Participants were 2374 adolescents (57.2% girls), aged 12-18 years, who participated in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) during 1999-2001 and followed for a median follow-up of 15.9 over five data points every 3 years. Adolescent participants were assigned to the intervention or control groups based on their residential areas. Boys and girls were categorized into 12-15 or 16-18 years old to minimize participants' bio-psychological differences, facilitate environmental interventions by more compliance with the Iranian educational system and identify the best time to start the intervention. All adolescents in the intervention area received healthy lifestyle interventions via the school-, family-, and community-based programs. LTPA was assessed using the reliable and validated Iranian Modifiable Activity Questionnaire (MAQ) version over the five data points. The Generalized Estimating Equations method was used to evaluate educational intervention's effect on LTPA in adolescents during the follow-up. RESULTS In boys who experienced the early onset of intervention (12-15 years), the interaction effect of follow-up examinations and the intervention was significant where the impact of the intervention differed over time. In this group, LTPA was higher in the control group than in the intervention group at the first follow-up examination (β = - 1088.54). However, an increasing trend of LTPA was observed in the intervention group until the third follow-up examination (β = 1278.21, p = 0.08, and β = 1962.81, p = 0.02, respectively), with borderline significance levels at the 2nd (P = 0.08) and the 4th (P = 0.08) measurements. The interaction terms and main effects of intervention and follow-up examinations were not significant in boys with late intervention onset. Although older boys in the intervention group had higher LTPA than the control group, there were no significant differences among study groups in all follow-up examinations. Regarding girls, LTPA did not differ significantly between intervention and control groups in all follow-up examinations (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results showed that a multi-setting practical lifestyle intervention could improve long-term energy expenditure in LTPA in adolescent boys who have experienced an early onset intervention. Findings emphasized the vital role of gender and the onset of these interventions. The current results would be valuable to plan tailored interventions to improve LTPA and community health. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study is registered at Iran Registry for Clinical Trials (IRCT), a WHO primary registry ( http://irct.ir ). The TLGS clinical trial was the very first registration in the IRCT (Iran Registry of Clinical Trials). it was registered on 2008-10-29 by the registration number IRCT138705301058N1 . Based on the international committee of medical journal Editors (ICMJE), "retrospective registration" is acceptable for trials that began before July 1, 2005.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parnian Parvin
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Amiri
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hasti Masihay-Akbar
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Khalafehnilsaz
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Shahid Behehsti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Cheraghi
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Ghanbarian
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ferreira Silva RM, Mendonça CR, Azevedo VD, Raoof Memon A, Noll PRES, Noll M. Barriers to high school and university students' physical activity: A systematic review. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265913. [PMID: 35377905 PMCID: PMC8979430 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical inactivity commonly occurs throughout one's life, particularly during adolescence and young adulthood. Multiple factors can negatively influence participation in physical activity, but there has been no review examining the barriers to physical activity among high school and university students. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to summarize evidence of barriers to the practice of physical activity among high school and university students. The literature search was conducted without time limits using five databases, including CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus. In total, 59 studies (37 with high school students [n = 22,908] and 22 with university students [n = 15,411]) were included. The main barriers identified in high school and university students were lack of time, lack of motivation, and lack of accessible places. These findings may be useful in designing and implementing evidence-informed interventions and programs for physical activity promotion in students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aamir Raoof Memon
- Institute of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences for Women, Nawabshah (Shaheed Benazirabad), Pakistan
| | | | - Matias Noll
- Federal Institute Goiano, Ceres, Goiás, Brazil
- Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Al-Sheyab NA, Alyahya MS, Alqudah JA. Effectiveness of theory-based Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) on exercise benefits and barriers among patients with type 2 diabetes. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2022; 36:646-656. [PMID: 34761258 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyab038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to examine the effectiveness of multimedia messaging service (MMS) education on exercise benefits and barriers in patients with type 2 diabetes. A quasi-experimental, pretest-post-test design recruited 98 patients with type 2 diabetes. The intervention group received MMS education to improve perceived exercise benefits and decrease exercise barriers over two months, and the control group received routine care. All patients completed a survey at three time points (baseline, 4 and 8 weeks post-intervention). The results showed that there was an improvement in both perceived life enhancement and physical performance domains in the intervention group. The exercise context barriers decreased after the first follow-up but increased during the second follow-up in the intervention group. Cohen's d values indicated a medium effect size in life enhancement (0.502) and physical performance (0.525) subscales. A small effect size was found in psychological outlook (0.196) and exercise context (0.132) subscales. However, there was no significant effect of the intervention in time expenditure (-0.244) and physical exertion (-0.119) subscales. In conclusion, theoretically based MMS health education targeting perceived exercise benefits and barriers was feasible and cost-effective in changing patients with diabetes' perceptions and intended behaviors about regular physical activity.
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Fathi B, Nadrian H, Hashemiparast M, Nikookheslat S, Esmaeilzadeh S, Khodayari-Zarnaq R. "I feel too lethargic to do physical activity": Perceptions of Iranian adults on the barriers to perform regular physical activity. Health Promot Perspect 2022; 11:476-484. [PMID: 35079593 PMCID: PMC8767082 DOI: 10.34172/hpp.2021.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite the intention to perform physical activity (PA), a number of individuals cannot manage to have PA program on a regular basis. In this study we explored the barriers of regular PA behavior among healthy adults in Tabriz, Iran. Methods: This qualitative study with a conventional content analysis approach, was carried out from June to September 2020. Nineteen 30-59 years old individuals, were purposefully (purposive sampling) selected to participate in the study. The participants were formerly registered as "physically inactive" in the health records of Tabriz Health System. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted until data saturation. Data were managed using MAXQDA-10 software. Results: The barriers of regular PA that emerged from our data were being listless and lethargic, non-supportive environment, disintegration in PA education chain, and restrictive social norms. Conclusion: Our findings uncover several PA barriers that are less discussed in the literature. Poor level of regular PA among adults in Iran, as a developing context, is rooted in perceptions with social and economic origins, which should be taken into account by public health policy makers while planning PA promotion programs in such communities. To promote regular PA among healthy adults in developing countries, regular PA programs should be tailored to bridge the gap between their recognition of PA barriers and subsequent behavior change through creating group dynamics highlighting the measures to diminish the behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Fathi
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Haidar Nadrian
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mina Hashemiparast
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Saeed Nikookheslat
- Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Safooreh Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rahim Khodayari-Zarnaq
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Multiple nutritional deficiencies among adolescents undergoing bariatric surgery: who is at risk? Surg Obes Relat Dis 2021; 18:413-424. [PMID: 34930699 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2021.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional deficiencies among adolescents undergoing bariatric surgery (BS) have not been evaluated a in relation to patient's sex. OBJECTIVES We compared the preoperative nutritional profile of adolescents characterized by sex and single versus multiple deficiencies. SETTING University hospital. METHODS Cross-sectional retrospective chart review of 415 eligible adolescents who underwent primary BS between 2011 and 2020. Data included preoperative demographic, anthropometric information as well as three sets of nutritional variables: anemia-related, calcium-related, and other nutritional variables. RESULTS The sample comprised 247 males (59.5%) with a mean age of 15.89 ± 1.03 years and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 47.80 ± 6.57 kg/m2. Most common deficiencies were vitamin D (92.3%), albumin (51.8%), anemia (15.9%), zinc (11.1%), and vitamin B12 (8%); 21.7% had hyperparathyroidism. Females exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of low hemoglobin, low hematocrit, and iron deficiency. Multiple deficiencies were present among 97.6%, 73.2%, 23.6%, 15%, and 12.6% of adolescents, who had vitamin D, albumin, hemoglobin, zinc, and vitamin B12 deficiencies, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that adolescents with a BMI of ≥50 kg/m2 were 1.24 times more likely to have multiple deficiencies (P = .004). Using multivariate log-binomial regression, BMI of ≥50 kg/m2 was a significant predictor of multiple nutritional deficiencies (P = .005, adjusted risk ratio = 1.23, 95% CI 1.06-1.42). Age and sex were not independent predictors of multiple nutritional deficiencies. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this study is the first to appraise single and multiple nutritional deficiencies in adolescents undergoing BS by sex. Multiple deficiencies were common. Females are at higher risk of anemia-related deficiencies. A BMI of ≥50 kg/m2 independently and significantly predicted multiple nutritional deficiencies. Correction before and monitoring after surgery are important.
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Al Siyabi H, Mabry RM, Al Siyabi A, Milton K. A Critique of National Physical Activity Policy in Oman Using 3 Established Policy Frameworks. J Phys Act Health 2021; 18:1473-1478. [PMID: 34686615 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2021-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper aimed to assess the development process, content, and early implementation of Oman's national physical activity plan of action to identify strengths and areas for improvement. METHODS Data were extracted from 4 documents: national noncommunicable diseases policy, physical activity plan of action, and 2 World Health Organization Mission Reports. Three policy frameworks and approaches (physical activity content analysis grid, health-enhancing physical activity policy audit tool, and policy cube approach for diet-related noncommunicable diseases) were used. RESULTS The findings demonstrated that policymakers engaged a broad range of sectors in developing a national plan. It aligned with many of the elements from the 3 policy frameworks (ie, multisectoral approach, political commitment/leadership, identification of national goals and targets, time frame for implementation). The main gaps included the lack of a specified sustainable funding mechanism, systems for monitoring progress, and an emphasis on general interventions, with limited focus on specific target groups. CONCLUSION A range of sectors were engaged in the development of Oman's national physical activity plan of action, with strong political commitment and using global guidance and local evidence. Establishing a strong accountability framework, including a clear financing mechanism, is critical for Oman to meet its target for a 10% relative reduction in physical inactivity by 2025.
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Wang S, Ma W, Wang SM, Yi X. Regular Physical Activities and Related Factors among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Jinan, China: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910362. [PMID: 34639662 PMCID: PMC8507899 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of regular physical activity (RPA) among middle-aged and older adults in urban communities in Jinan, China, and to identify the factors related to RPA. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among middle-aged and elderly urban residents. A total of 1406 participants were included in the final data analysis. The results of the four models consistently showed that the relevant factors of RPA were educational level, previously diagnosed hypertension (PDH) and depression. In terms of educational level, compared with illiteracy, from the first model to the fourth model, the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of senior middle school were 2.072 (1.418, 3.026), 2.072 (1.418, 3.026), 1.905 (1.289, 2.816) and 1.926 (1.302, 2.848), respectively, and the ORs and 95% CIs of college or above were 2.364 (1.462, 3.823), 2.364 (1.462, 3.823), 2.001 (1.208, 3.312) and 2.054 (1.239, 3.405). In terms of PDH, compared with those with PDH, from the first model to the fourth model, ORs and 95% CIs of non-PDH were 1.259 (1.003, 1.580), 1.259 (1.003, 1.580), 1.263 (1.006, 1.585) and 1.261 (1.004, 1.584), respectively. For depression, compared with those without depression, also from the first model to the fourth model, ORs and 95% CIs of depression were 0.702 (0.517, 0.951), 0.702 (0.517, 0.951), 0.722 (0.532, 0.981) and 0.719 (0.529, 0.977), respectively. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that participation in RPA among middle-aged and older adults in Jinan urban communities was significantly associated with education level, PDH and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukang Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44, Wenhuaxi Street, Jinan 250012, China;
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, 12550, Erhuandong Street, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44, Wenhuaxi Street, Jinan 250012, China; (W.M.); (S.-M.W.)
| | - Shu-Mei Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44, Wenhuaxi Street, Jinan 250012, China; (W.M.); (S.-M.W.)
| | - Xiangren Yi
- Department of Sport and Health, The College of Physical Education, Shandong University, 17923, Jingshi Street, Jinan 250061, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0531-88396626
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Barros MPD, Bachi ALL, Santos JDMBD, Lambertucci RH, Ishihara R, Polotow TG, Caldo-Silva A, Valente PA, Hogervorst E, Furtado GE. The poorly conducted orchestra of steroid hormones, oxidative stress and inflammation in frailty needs a maestro: Regular physical exercise. Exp Gerontol 2021; 155:111562. [PMID: 34560197 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This review outlines the various factors associated with unhealthy aging which includes becoming frail and dependent. With many people not engaging in recommended exercise, facilitators and barriers to engage with exercise must be investigated to promote exercise uptake and adherence over the lifespan for different demographics, including the old, less affluent, women, and those with different cultural-ethnic backgrounds. Governmental and locally funded public health messages and environmental facilitation (gyms, parks etc.) can play an important role. Studies have shown that exercise can act as a conductor to balance oxidative stress, immune and endocrine functions together to promote healthy aging and reduce the risk for age-related morbidities, such as cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis, and promote cognition and mood over the lifespan. Like a classic symphony orchestra, consisting of four groups of related musical instruments - the woodwinds, brass, percussion, and strings - the aging process should also perform in harmony, with compassion, avoiding the aggrandizement of any of its individual parts during the presentation. This review discusses the wide variety of molecular, cellular and endocrine mechanisms (focusing on the steroid balance) underlying this process and their interrelationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Paes de Barros
- Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports (ICAFE), MSc/PhD Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, 01506-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - André Luís Lacerda Bachi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, ENT Lab, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04025-002, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo 04829-300, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rafael Ishihara
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos 11015-020, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Geraldo Polotow
- Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports (ICAFE), MSc/PhD Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, 01506-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Caldo-Silva
- University of Coimbra, Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, UID/PTD/04213/2019) at Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, (FCDEF-UC), Portugal
| | - Pedro Afonso Valente
- University of Coimbra, Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, UID/PTD/04213/2019) at Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, (FCDEF-UC), Portugal
| | - Eef Hogervorst
- Applied Cognitive Research National Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Guilherme Eustáquio Furtado
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), Coimbra, Portugal; Institute Polytechnic of Maia, Porto, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, UID/PTD/04213/2019) at Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, (FCDEF-UC), Portugal.
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Al Attar WSA, Husain MA, Komir R, Alanazi K, Ghulam H. The current implementation of Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center cycling injury prevention exercises among male elite cyclists in the Gulf Cooperation Council. JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDICS, TRAUMA AND REHABILITATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/22104917211039520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Cyclists are expected to present with sport-related injuries. The Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center provided exercises for preventing the most common injuries in cycling. We aimed to survey the compliance with Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center exercises among cyclists in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries. It is expected that most cyclists in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries are implementing these exercises as part of their warm-up sessions. Methods This cross-sectional online survey collected the participants’ demographic characteristics (country, age, and sex) and assessed their compliance with the programme. Results Four-hundred and twenty-three cyclists responded, of which 52% were aged 20–29 years. The pelvic control exercise was the most implemented (56%), followed by the elephant and isolated pelvic rotation exercises (54%); the single-leg pelvic rotation exercise was the least implemented (46%). The implementation rate did not differ significantly according to age or country. Saudi Arabia and Kuwait reported the highest mean implementation scores, while the United Arab Emirates reported the lowest Conclusions The implementation rate of Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center exercises was low among cyclists in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries. There is a need to increase awareness between players, programme deliverers, and policymakers and educate them about the importance of implementing such programmes in injury reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesam Saleh A Al Attar
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al Qura University, Saudi Arabia
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed A Husain
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Bahrain, Bahrain
| | - Ramy Komir
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al Qura University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khulud Alanazi
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al Qura University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Ghulam
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Saudi Arabia
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Javaid SF, Al-Zahmi A, Abbas M. Carer Empowerment Is Key to Reduce Dementia Care Inequalities in the Middle East. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18084378. [PMID: 33924161 PMCID: PMC8074373 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dementia represents a significant problem in the Middle East. Sociocultural and political factors that shape conceptions of health and care tend to stifle research and the dissemination of knowledge throughout the Middle East. These socio-political challenges concerning engagement with individuals living with dementia and their carers include language barriers, stigmatization, logistical constraints, lack of informal support outside of hospitals, and over-dependence on clinicians for dementia information. There is an urgent need in the Middle East to increase care and support for adults with dementia and their carers, enhance research efforts and improve the dissemination of information related to dementia in the region. One possible way to do so is to begin to promote a knowledge-based culture throughout the Middle East. This can be achieved by aligning traditional deterministic and spiritual perspectives of mental health with more Western, scientific, and evidence-based models. We suggest employing practical, multidimensional approaches to deal with the stated challenges, both at individual and societal levels. Doing so will improve knowledge of dementia and allow health and social care systems in the Middle East to begin to address a growing problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Fahad Javaid
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +971-50-397-9565
| | - Aishah Al-Zahmi
- Behavioral Sciences Institute, Al-Ain Hospital, Al-Ain P.O. Box 1006, United Arab Emirates; (A.A.-Z.); (M.A.)
| | - Munir Abbas
- Behavioral Sciences Institute, Al-Ain Hospital, Al-Ain P.O. Box 1006, United Arab Emirates; (A.A.-Z.); (M.A.)
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