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Gómez García AM, García-Rico E. Influence of Healthcare Delivery Type on Patients' Mental Health: Is Hospitalization Always a Stressful Factor? Can Allostatic Load Help Assess a Patient's Psychological Disorders? Clin Pract 2024; 14:995-1009. [PMID: 38921257 PMCID: PMC11202436 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract14030079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological distress is a predictor of future health and disease data, with consequent implications for both the patient and the healthcare system. Taking advantage of the unprecedented situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic we aimed to assess whether the type of medical care received by patients during the initial months of the pandemic influenced their evolution, particularly at the psychological level. Additionally, we investigated whether allostatic load was associated not only with physical but also psychological alterations. METHODS All the patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection at HM Madrid Hospital during the month of March 2020 were studied, both those hospitalized (110) and those treated on an outpatient basis (46). They were psychologically evaluated using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) test. We calculated the allostatic load using different laboratory parameters. RESULTS Outpatient patients had significantly higher scores than hospitalized ones in Tension-Anxiety (52 ± 19.3 vs. 38 ± 4.3; p < 0.001). So, 36.9% of the outpatient patients exhibited anxiety. Allostatic load has not been correlated with patients' psychological alterations. CONCLUSIONS Psychological distress of outpatient patients should be taken into account in their management to improve mental health planning. This knowledge could provide comprehensive care to patients including their mental health, in the face of subsequent epidemics/pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Gómez García
- Internal Medicine Unit, Hospital Universitario HM Madrid, 28015 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad HM de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Camilo José Cela, 28010 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Rico
- Facultad HM de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Camilo José Cela, 28010 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Unit, Hospital Universitario HM Torrelodones, 28250 Madrid, Spain
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Kurotori I, Asakura TR, Kimura T, Hori M, Hosozawa M, Saijo M, Iso H, Tamakoshi A. The Association between COVID-19-Related Discrimination and Probable Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among Patients with COVID-19 in Sapporo, Japan. J Epidemiol 2024:JE20230360. [PMID: 38735739 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20230360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BackgroundDisasters such as earthquakes, terrorism, and pandemics have triggered post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and discrimination against the affected individuals has been linked to the development of PTSD. However, there is limited evidence regarding the association between discrimination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and probable PTSD in Japan.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study utilizing a web-based questionnaire targeting individuals who had contracted the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Sapporo City. A total of 4247 individuals with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection spanning from February 2020 to February 2022 completed the questionnaire (response rate: 15.9%). Probable PTSD was measured using the three-item Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale. The stratified exact logistic regression was applied to calculate the odds ratios (OR) of probable PTSD for COVID-19-related discrimination with adjusted factors.ResultsThis study included 3626 patients who had a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among them, 321 patients (8.9%) experienced COVID-19-related discrimination. The prevalence of probable PTSD was 19.6% (63/321) among the patients who experienced COVID-19-related discrimination, and 4.6% (152/3305) among those who had not encountered such discrimination. The adjusted OR of COVID-19-related discrimination for probable PTSD was 4.68 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 3.36-6.53). The population attributable fraction of probable PTSD attributable to COVID-19-related discrimination among COVID-19 patients was estimated to be 23.4% (95% CI, 21.5-25.3).ConclusionThe comprehensive epidemiological survey of COVID-19 patients in Japan showed that COVID-19-related discrimination was associated with a higher prevalence of probable PTSD. Mitigating discrimination could be helpful to attenuate PTSD in future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaku Kurotori
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Toshiaki R Asakura
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Dynamics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University
| | - Takashi Kimura
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Miyuki Hori
- Institute for Global Health Policy Research, Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine
| | - Mariko Hosozawa
- Institute for Global Health Policy Research, Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine
| | - Masayuki Saijo
- Public Health Office, Health and Welfare Bureau, Sapporo Municipal Government
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Institute for Global Health Policy Research, Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine
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3
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Elmunzer BJ, Palsson OS, Forbes N, Zakaria A, Davis C, Canakis A, Qayed E, Bick B, Pawa S, Tierney WM, McLeod CG, Taylor J, Patel H, Mendelsohn RB, Bala G, Sloan I, Merchant AA, Smith ZL, Sendzischew Shane MA, Aroniadis OC, Ordiah CO, Ruddy JM, Simren M, Tack J, Drossman D. Prolonged Gastrointestinal Manifestations After Recovery From COVID-19. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 22:1098-1107.e3. [PMID: 37995983 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Acute enteric infections are well known to result in long-term gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Although COVID-19 is principally a respiratory illness, it demonstrates significant GI tropism, possibly predisposing to prolonged gut manifestations. We aimed to examine the long-term GI impact of hospitalization with COVID-19. METHODS Nested within a large-scale observational cohort study of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 across North America, we performed a follow-up survey of 530 survivors 12-18 months later to assess for persistent GI symptoms and their severity, and for the development of disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBIs). Eligible patients were identified at the study site level and surveyed electronically. The survey instrument included the Rome IV Diagnostic Questionnaire for DGBI, a rating scale of 24 COVID-related symptoms, the Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rating Scale, and the Impact of Events-Revised trauma symptom questionnaire (a measure of posttraumatic stress associated with the illness experience). A regression analysis was performed to explore the factors associated with GI symptom severity at follow-up. RESULTS Of the 530 invited patients, 116 responded (52.6% females; mean age, 55.2 years), and 73 of those (60.3%) met criteria for 1 or more Rome IV DGBI at follow-up, higher than the prevalence in the US general population (P < .0001). Among patients who experienced COVID-related GI symptoms during the index hospitalization (abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea), 42.1% retained at least 1 of these symptoms at follow-up; in comparison, 89.8% of respondents retained any (GI or non-GI) COVID-related symptom. The number of moderate or severe GI symptoms experienced during the initial COVID-19 illness by self-report correlated with the development of DGBI and severity of GI symptoms at follow-up. Posttraumatic stress disorder (Impact of Events-Revised score ≥33) related to the COVID-19 illness experience was identified in 41.4% of respondents and those individuals had higher DGBI prevalence and GI symptom severity. Regression analysis revealed that higher psychological trauma score (Impact of Events-Revised) was the strongest predictor of GI symptom severity at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS In this follow-up survey of patients 12-18 months after hospitalization with COVID-19, there was a high prevalence of DGBIs and persistent GI symptoms. Prolonged GI manifestations were associated with the severity of GI symptoms during hospitalization and with the degree of psychological trauma related to the illness experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Joseph Elmunzer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
| | - Olafur S Palsson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Nauzer Forbes
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ali Zakaria
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Ascension Providence Hospital/Michigan State University-College of Human Medicine, Southfield, Michigan
| | - Christian Davis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Andrew Canakis
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Emad Qayed
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Benjamin Bick
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Swati Pawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - William M Tierney
- Section of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Caroline G McLeod
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Jason Taylor
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Harsh Patel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ochsner Health, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Robin B Mendelsohn
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Gokul Bala
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ian Sloan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ambreen A Merchant
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zachary L Smith
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Morgan A Sendzischew Shane
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Olga C Aroniadis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Collins O Ordiah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Johannah M Ruddy
- Rome Foundation Research Institute and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Magnus Simren
- Rome Foundation Research Institute and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Institute of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Tack
- Rome Foundation Research Institute and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Douglas Drossman
- Rome Foundation Research Institute and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Sabet FI, Aminbeidokhti A, Jafari S. Social determinants of health during and after coronavirus: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:283. [PMID: 38267896 PMCID: PMC10807155 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17785-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health has multiple dimensions influenced not only by individual factors but also by broader social, economic, cultural, and political structures. The widespread COVID-19 pandemic has multidimensional effects on people's lives, which can have effects on individuals' lifestyles after the COVID-19. This study aimed to speculate the social determinants of health during and after the COVID-19, which can lead to more effective planning for promoting community health. METHODS The present study interviewed 21 experts in social and medical fields during four months. The sampling method was snowball. The interviews were semi-structured and administered in-person or electronic. All interviews were transcribed and analyzed according to the Brown and Clarke's six-stage framework to extract themes. RESULTS the participants were 13 males, eight experts in social field, all had PhD, 17 were academic members, and 10 were members of the Social Determinants of Health Research Center. The qualitative content analysis induced seven different social themes that affect the health which included: justice (3 Subcategories), integration (4 Subcategories), acceptance (4 Subcategories), participation (2 Subcategories), adaptation (3 Subcategories), flourishing (4 Subcategories), and cohesion (3 Subcategories). CONCLUSIONS According to the present study, a grand plan to cover all positive and negative social effects of COVID-19 should have at least seven different dimensions. However, the present models of effective social determinants in health do not have such comprehensiveness. Future studies may provide a proper model to be used in clinical and research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Izadi Sabet
- Doctoral student of educational management of Semnan University, Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Aminbeidokhti
- Department of Education Management, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Sakineh Jafari
- Department of Education Management, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Semnan University, Central Administration of Semnan University, Campus 1, 35131-19111, Semnan, Iran
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Guinee EP, Raza H, Ballard ED, Shaw JS, Liang CJ, Sneller MC, Chung JY. Pandemic-Related Post-traumatic Stress Symptomatology in COVID-19 Patients with and without Post-COVID Conditions. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.01.21.24301574. [PMID: 38313285 PMCID: PMC10836122 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.21.24301574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Trauma and stressor-related symptoms have been frequently reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. Few studies compare post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) between patients and non-infected controls. Using data from an ongoing natural history study of COVID-19, this study compared PTSS between patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the first year of the pandemic and controls. Within the COVID-19 patient cohort, we also compared PTSS between patients with and without post-COVID conditions, also known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). This study also examined the association of PTSS with trait resilience and prior trauma exposure. PTSS were assessed using the Impact of Event Scaled-Revised (IES-R), which has a validated probable PTSD cutoff (score ≥33). The results showed that patients (n=131) reported significantly higher IES-R scores than controls (n=82) and had significantly higher odds of having scores indicative of PTSD [AOR: 4.17 p: 0.029]. IES-R scores among PASC patients (n=68) were significantly elevated compared to patients without PASC (n=63) and PASC patients did not have higher odds for probable PTSD [AOR: 2.60; p: 0.14]. Trait resilience was associated with lower PTSS. These findings help characterize the mental health impact of the COVID-19 illness experience and highlight elevated PTSS in patients with persistent post-COVID conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily P. Guinee
- National Institute of Mental Health, Office of the Clinical Director, 10 Center Drive, NIH Building 10, Room 6-5340, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Haniya Raza
- National Institute of Mental Health, Office of the Clinical Director, 10 Center Drive, NIH Building 10, Room 6-5340, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elizabeth D. Ballard
- National Institute of Mental Health, Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, NIH Building 10, Room 7-5341, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jacob S. Shaw
- National Institute of Mental Health, Office of the Clinical Director, 10 Center Drive, NIH Building 10, Room 6-5340, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - C. Jason Liang
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Biostatistics Research Branch, 5601 Fishers Lane, Rockville MD 20892
| | - Michael C. Sneller
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, 10 Center Drive, NIH Building 10, Room 11C103, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joyce Y. Chung
- Office of Clinical Research Training and Medical Education, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 10 Center Drive, Room 1N252E, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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6
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Li CJ, Yu HR, Kou KC, Chou WJ, Tsai CS, Wang LJ. Post COVID-19 condition and behavioral manifestations in Taiwanese children. Pediatr Int 2024; 66:e15724. [PMID: 38156534 DOI: 10.1111/ped.15724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the prevalence of post COVID-19 condition (PCC) in Taiwanese children, explored common symptoms and behavioral manifestations in children with PCC, and examined potential associations with parental stress and family functioning. METHODS A total of 116 children who had contracted COVID-19 and their parents participated. At 1 month after the confirmed COVID-19 infection (baseline), the parents were asked to complete a questionnaire about the post COVID-19 symptoms, the child behavior checklist (CBCL) based on the child's situation, also the impact event scale of COVID-19 (IES-C) and family APGAR based on the parents' own situation. Three months after the confirmed COVID-19 infection, parents were again asked to complete the same questionnaires as they did at baseline. RESULTS Results showed that 44.8% of the children met the criteria for PCC, with the most common symptoms being sputum/nasal congestion, tiredness and decreased concentration. Children without PCC exhibited a significant decrease in CBCL scores during the 2-month follow-up, while no such decrease was observed in children with PCC. However, no significant correlations were found between the number of post COVID-19 symptoms, behavioral manifestations, parental stress levels, and family functioning. CONCLUSIONS Children with PCC have a less favorable trajectory in improving their behavioral manifestations. Additionally, in the post-pandemic era, post COVID-19 symptoms in children are not necessarily correlated with parental stress and family functioning. Further research is needed to better understand the long-term implications of PCC in children and its impact on their mental well-being, as well as their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Jung Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ren Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Che Kou
- Division of Pediatric Infection, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jiun Chou
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Shu Tsai
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Jen Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Wickens CM, Popal V, Fecteau V, Amoroso C, Stoduto G, Rodak T, Li LY, Hartford A, Wells S, Elton-Marshall T, Hamilton HA, Taylor GW, Kupferschmidt KL, Agic B. The mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic among individuals with depressive, anxiety, and stressor-related disorders: A scoping review. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295496. [PMID: 38096173 PMCID: PMC10721054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A scoping review of studies published in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic focused on individuals with pre-existing symptoms of depression, anxiety, and specified stressor-related disorders, with the objective of mapping the research conducted. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA (1) direct study of individuals with pre-existing depressive, anxiety, and/or specified stressor-related (i.e., posttraumatic stress, acute stress) disorders/issues; (2) focus on mental health-related pandemic effects, and; (3) direct study of mental health symptoms related to depression, anxiety, or psychological distress. SOURCES OF EVIDENCE Database-specific subject headings and natural language keywords were searched in Medline, Embase, APA PsycInfo, and Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) up to March 3, 2021. Review of potentially relevant studies was conducted by two independent reviewers and proceeded in two stages: (1) title and abstract review, and; (2) full paper review. DATA CHARTING Study details (i.e., location, design and methodology, sample or population, outcome measures, and key findings) were extracted from included studies by one reviewer and confirmed by the Principal Investigator. RESULTS 66 relevant articles from 26 countries were identified. Most studies adopted a cross-sectional design and were conducted via online survey. About half relied on general population samples, with the remainder assessing special populations, primarily mental health patients. The most commonly reported pre-existing category of disorders or symptoms was depression, followed closely by anxiety. Most studies included depressive and anxiety symptoms as outcome measures and demonstrated increased vulnerability to mental health symptoms among individuals with a pre-existing mental health issue. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that improved mental health supports are needed during the pandemic and point to future research needs, including reviews of other diagnostic categories and reviews of research published in subsequent years of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M. Wickens
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Veda Popal
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Liberal Arts & Sciences, Humber College, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Venesa Fecteau
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Liberal Arts & Sciences, Humber College, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Courtney Amoroso
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Liberal Arts & Sciences, Humber College, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gina Stoduto
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Terri Rodak
- Department of Education, CAMH Library, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lily Y. Li
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Hartford
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Sciences, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samantha Wells
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tara Elton-Marshall
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Hayley A. Hamilton
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graham W. Taylor
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Canada CIFAR AI Chair, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristina L. Kupferschmidt
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Branka Agic
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Alhalaiqa F, Alfuqaha OA, Masa'Deh R, Khalifeh AH, Alsaraireh M, Manaa NS, Alkouri O, Al Omari O. Psychometric Properties of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist among the Lebanese Population Exposed to the Beirut Explosion: A Cross-Sectional Study during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Behav Neurol 2023; 2023:9286562. [PMID: 37822368 PMCID: PMC10564576 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9286562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was aimed at testing the psychometric properties of the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) checklist for the Diagnostic Statistical Manual version 5 (DSM-5) (PCL-5) among the Lebanese population and at identifying the prevalence of PTSD. Design A cross-sectional survey of PCL-5 among 950 Lebanese, using the online survey platform by Google Form, was conducted. Snowball recruitment was used to identify participants for the survey. Results Face, content, construct, discriminant, and convergent validity had been accomplished through the survey. The reliability using Cronbach's alpha, composite, and average variance extracted was identified as superior. We also found that more than half of the participants (55.6%) scored 33 or above which is the cut-off score for a likely diagnosis of PTSD. Conclusion The current study provides further support for the validity and reliability of the Arabic version of PCL-5 among non-Western populations. This supports using the checklist in the screening of probable PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadwa Alhalaiqa
- Department of Clinical Affairs, College of Nursing, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Othman A. Alfuqaha
- Counseling and Mental Health Department, Faculty of Educational Sciences, The World Islamic Sciences & Education University, Amman 11947, Jordan
| | - Rami Masa'Deh
- School of Nursing, Applied Science Private University, Jordan
| | - Anas H. Khalifeh
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Zarqa University, P.O.Box 132222, Zarqa 13132, Jordan
| | - Mahmoud Alsaraireh
- Princess Aisha Bint Al Hussein College for Nursing and Health Sciences, Alhussein Bin Talal University, Ma'an, Jordan
| | | | - Osama Alkouri
- Faculty of Nursing, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
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9
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Zanjari N, Abootalebi M, Delbari A, Abolfathi Momtaz Y. Impact of COVID-19 on Lifestyle: A Sample of Iranian Older Adults. J Appl Gerontol 2023; 42:2100-2109. [PMID: 37266995 PMCID: PMC10240291 DOI: 10.1177/07334648231178670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and prolonged quarantine affect the health behaviors of older adults. We investigated the changes in older adults' lifestyles during the pandemic in a sample of 1020 people aged 60 years old and over in Tehran. The results revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic had a positive impact on nutritional behaviors and social support while having a negative impact on physical activity and anxiety in older adults. Due to the greater deterioration of health behaviors among unmarried older adults, low socio-economic status, and COVID-19 inpatients, policymakers must pay attention to interventions to promote healthy lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasibeh Zanjari
- Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Abootalebi
- Department of Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Delbari
- Research Center on Aging, University of Social and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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O'Mahoney LL, Routen A, Gillies C, Ekezie W, Welford A, Zhang A, Karamchandani U, Simms-Williams N, Cassambai S, Ardavani A, Wilkinson TJ, Hawthorne G, Curtis F, Kingsnorth AP, Almaqhawi A, Ward T, Ayoubkhani D, Banerjee A, Calvert M, Shafran R, Stephenson T, Sterne J, Ward H, Evans RA, Zaccardi F, Wright S, Khunti K. Corrigendum to "The prevalence and long-term health effects of long Covid among hospitalised and non-hospitalised populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis". EClinicalMedicine 2023; 59:101959. [PMID: 37096187 PMCID: PMC10115131 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101762.].
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ash Routen
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Clare Gillies
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Winifred Ekezie
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Anneka Welford
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alexa Zhang
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Urvi Karamchandani
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Shabana Cassambai
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashkon Ardavani
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Grace Hawthorne
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ffion Curtis
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Andrew P Kingsnorth
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Abdullah Almaqhawi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas Ward
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Daniel Ayoubkhani
- Office for National Statistics, Government Buildings, Newport, UK
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Amitava Banerjee
- Faculty of Population Health Sciences, Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Melanie Calvert
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre and NIHR Applied Research Collaboration West Midlands, University Hospital Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Respiratory Department, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
- Birmingham Health Partners Centre for Regulatory Science and Innovation and Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Roz Shafran
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Terence Stephenson
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Sterne
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Helen Ward
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rachael A Evans
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Respiratory Department, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
- Office for National Statistics, Government Buildings, Newport, UK
| | - Francesco Zaccardi
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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11
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de Menezes DC, de Lima PDL, de Lima IC, Uesugi JHE, Vasconcelos PFDC, Quaresma JAS, Falcão LFM. Metabolic Profile of Patients with Long COVID: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051197. [PMID: 36904195 PMCID: PMC10005061 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant proportion of patients experience a wide range of symptoms following acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Laboratory analyses of long COVID have demonstrated imbalances in metabolic parameters, suggesting that it is one of the many outcomes induced by long COVID. Therefore, this study aimed to illustrate the clinical and laboratory markers related to the course of the disease in patients with long COVID. Participants were selected using a clinical care programme for long COVID in the Amazon region. Clinical and sociodemographic data and glycaemic, lipid, and inflammatory screening markers were collected, and cross-sectionally analysed between the long COVID-19 outcome groups. Of the 215 participants, most were female and not elderly, and 78 were hospitalised during the acute COVID-19 phase. The main long COVID symptoms reported were fatigue, dyspnoea, and muscle weakness. Our main findings show that abnormal metabolic profiles (such as high body mass index measurement and high triglyceride, glycated haemoglobin A1c, and ferritin levels) are more prevalent in worse long COVID presentations (such as previous hospitalisation and more long-term symptoms). This prevalence may suggest a propensity for patients with long COVID to present abnormalities in the markers involved in cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Igor Costa de Lima
- Center for Biological Health Sciences, State University of Pará (UEPA), Belém 66087-670, Brazil
| | | | | | - Juarez Antônio Simões Quaresma
- Center for Biological Health Sciences, State University of Pará (UEPA), Belém 66087-670, Brazil
- School of Medicine, São Paulo University (USP), São Paulo 01246903, Brazil
- Tropical Medicine Center, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66055-240, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fábio Magno Falcão
- Center for Biological Health Sciences, State University of Pará (UEPA), Belém 66087-670, Brazil
- School of Medicine, São Paulo University (USP), São Paulo 01246903, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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12
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Mohammad PJ, Hama amin DS, Mohammed PF, Hussein HA, Abdullah OS. PTSS in COVID-19 survivors peritraumatic stress symptoms among COVID-19 survivors in Iraq. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023:1-10. [PMID: 36785743 PMCID: PMC9909637 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04291-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic became a source of psychological distress worldwide. People infected with the disease faced the possibility of losing their lives, and due to the high number of people with the disease, hospitals were overburdened. Therefore, the situation had characteristics of a traumatic event; this is especially true in Iraq since the healthcare system is on the brink of failure, and the hospitals are a place of low-quality service. Consequently, the current study aims to explore peritraumatic stress symptoms among survivors of COVID-19 in Iraq. Moreover, group differences based on several variables and the associated factors with peritraumatic stress are also investigated. The post-traumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM-5 was used as a measurement tool. A total of 370 survivors of COVID-19 from the different governorates of Iraq participated in this study; 148 females and 22 males. 51, 70, 165, and 84 participants were aged 18-25, 26-30, 31-40, and above 40, respectively. The results revealed that 31.1% of the participants had probable PTSD since they scored above the cut-off of the score of 23. Significant differences between males and females were not found. Regarding associated factors, education level was a significant predictor (i.e., no education, primary school, secondary school, diploma, bachelor's degree, and postgraduate degree). Compared to primary school education and no education, postgraduate education was significantly associated with probable PTSD. Furthermore, the longer duration of being infected with COVID-19 was associated with higher odds of having probable PTSD. This was one of the first studies in Iraq to explore peritraumatic stress symptoms following COVID-19 infection using standardized instruments and investigate the associated factors. The results have various implications for developing the healthcare system of Iraq and the need to have social workers and psychologists trained in psychological first aid available in the hospital to manage the patients' distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parzheen J. Mohammad
- College of Education and Language, Department of Special Education, Charmo University, Chemchemal, Kurdistan Region Iraq
| | - Dyari S. Hama amin
- SEED foundation, Sulaimani Center, New chwarchra main road, house A1-352, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region Iraq
| | - Pshtiwan F. Mohammed
- Directory of International Relations, Charmo University, Chemchemal, Kurdistan Region Iraq
| | - Hawkar A. Hussein
- Directory of Health/Chamchamal, Shahid Peshraw Outpatient Clinic, Chemchemal, Kurdistan Region Iraq
| | - Omiad S. Abdullah
- College of Administration and Economics, Statistics Department, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region Iraq
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13
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George R, Gudegowda K, Partheeban I, Sobagaiah R. A cross-sectional study to assess the post-traumatic stress disorder among discharged coronavirus disease-19-infected individuals in Karnataka, Southern India. JOURNAL OF CURRENT RESEARCH IN SCIENTIFIC MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.4103/jcrsm.jcrsm_77_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
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14
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Anik AI, Ahmed T, Nandonik AJ, Parvez A, Das Pooja S, Kabir ZN. Evidence of mental health-related morbidities and its association with socio-economic status among previously hospitalized patients with symptoms of COVID-19 in Bangladesh. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1132136. [PMID: 36908471 PMCID: PMC9998677 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1132136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The long-term impact of COVID-19 on mental health, particularly in relation to socio-economic vulnerabilities, has received little attention. This study reports the prevalence of mental health-related symptoms among previously hospitalized patients after recovery from COVID-19, and its association with socio-economic status (SES). Methods Data collection of this cross-sectional study was conducted during February-April 2021, among previously hospitalized patients with COVID-19 like symptoms, on average six months after their discharge from the hospital. Using DASS-21, a validated scale to document symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, information on mental health-related symptoms were recorded from 481 respondents along with sociodemographic and economic information through telephone interviews. Chi-square tests were performed to identify significant group differences. Multinomial logistic regression analyzed the association between the changes in socioeconomic characteristics and mental health-related symptoms. Relative index of inequality (RII), slope index of inequality (SII), and concentration index (CIX) were applied to capture relevant inequalities in relation to mental health-related symptoms. Results Eleven percent of the respondents reported changes in employment status, nearly half changes in income and expenditure. Forty-five percent reported symptoms of depression, anxiety and/or stress, and 12% reported coexistence of all three symptoms. Women [Adjusted Odds Ratio, AOR: 2.95; 95% Confidence Interval, CI: 1.39-5.68], and those who reported changes in occupation [AOR: 3.04; 95% CI: 1.01-9.08] and expenditure [AOR: 2.46; 95% CI: 1.12-5.37] were more likely to report all three mental health-related symptoms compared to men and those without changes in occupation and expenditure. The older age group was less likely [AOR: 0.96; 95%CI: 0.93-0.99] to report coexistence of all three symptoms compared to their younger counterparts. Negative values of concentration index (CIX) indicate that any one mental health-related symptom was significantly concentrated among those with lower expenditure and poor SES. Conclusion This study will help in addressing mental health-related challenges after recovery from COVID-19 among the identified vulnerable groups through relevant community-based and clinical response, including counseling services, in Bangladesh and similar LMIC contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asibul Islam Anik
- Department of Research, Monitoring and Evaluation, SAJIDA Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tanvir Ahmed
- Department of Research, Monitoring and Evaluation, SAJIDA Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ahmed Jojan Nandonik
- Department of Research, Monitoring and Evaluation, SAJIDA Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Anwar Parvez
- Department of Research, Monitoring and Evaluation, SAJIDA Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shangjucta Das Pooja
- Department of Research, Monitoring and Evaluation, SAJIDA Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zarina Nahar Kabir
- Division of Nursing, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Influence of Lived Experiences on Public Responses to Future Diseases via (De)Sensitization of Concern. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2022; 17:e251. [PMID: 36519424 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2022.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Public responses to a future novel disease might be influenced by a subset of individuals who are either sensitized or desensitized to concern-generating processes through their lived experiences during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Such influences may be critical for shaping public health messaging during the next emerging threat. METHODS This study explored the potential outcomes of the influence of lived experiences by using a dynamic multiplex network model to simulate a COVID-19 outbreak in a population of 2000 individuals, connected by means of disease and communication layers. Then a new disease was introduced, and a subset of individuals (50% or 100% of hospitalized during the COVID-19 outbreak) was assumed to be either sensitized or desensitized to concern-generating processes relative to the general population, which alters their adoption of non-pharmaceutical interventions (social distancing). RESULTS Altered perceptions and behaviors from lived experiences with COVID-19 did not necessarily result in a strong mitigating effect for the novel outbreak. When public disease response is already strong or sensitization is assumed to be a robust effect, then a sensitized subset may enhance public mitigation of an outbreak through social distancing. CONCLUSIONS In preparing for future outbreaks, assuming an experienced and disease-aware public may compromise effective design of effective public health messaging and mitigative action.
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16
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Liu Y, Xie YN, Li WG, He X, He HG, Chen LB, Shen Q. A Machine Learning-Based Risk Prediction Model for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58121704. [PMID: 36556906 PMCID: PMC9785697 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58121704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused global public panic, leading to severe mental illnesses, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study aimed to establish a risk prediction model of PTSD based on a machine learning algorithm to provide a basis for the extensive assessment and prediction of the PTSD risk status in adults during a pandemic. Materials and Methods: Model indexes were screened based on the cognitive-phenomenological-transactional (CPT) theoretical model. During the study period (1 March to 15 March 2020), 2067 Chinese residents were recruited using Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap). Socio-demographic characteristics, PTSD, depression, anxiety, social support, general self-efficacy, coping style, and other indicators were collected in order to establish a neural network model to predict and evaluate the risk of PTSD. Results: The research findings showed that 368 of the 2067 participants (17.8%) developed PTSD. The model correctly predicted 90.0% (262) of the outcomes. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and their associated area under the ROC curve (AUC) values suggested that the prediction model possessed an accurate discrimination ability. In addition, depression, anxiety, age, coping style, whether the participants had seen a doctor during the COVID-19 quarantine period, and self-efficacy were important indexes. Conclusions: The high prediction accuracy of the model, constructed based on a machine learning algorithm, indicates its applicability in screening the public mental health status during the COVID-19 pandemic quickly and effectively. This model could also predict and identify high-risk groups early to prevent the worsening of PTSD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ya-Nan Xie
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wen-Gang Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Computer Science, School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hong-Gu He
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Long-Biao Chen
- Department of Computer Science, School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Correspondence: (L.-B.C.); (Q.S.); Tel.: +86-(592)-2189613 (Q.S.)
| | - Qu Shen
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Correspondence: (L.-B.C.); (Q.S.); Tel.: +86-(592)-2189613 (Q.S.)
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17
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Benzakour L, Voruz P, Lador F, Guerreiro I, Kharat A, Assal F, Péron J. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Hyperventilation in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: An Underestimated Association. J Acad Consult Liaison Psychiatry 2022; 63:637-638. [PMCID: PMC9747240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaclp.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Harenwall S, Heywood-Everett S, Henderson R, Smith J, McEnery R, Bland AR. The Interactive Effects of Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms and Breathlessness on Fatigue Severity in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11206214. [PMID: 36294534 PMCID: PMC9604889 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11206214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and breathlessness have been well documented in the acute phase of COVID-19 as well as in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome (PCS), commonly known as Long-COVID. The present study aimed to explore whether PTSS and breathlessness interact to exacerbate fatigue among individuals recovering from PCS, similar to the effects evidenced in other health conditions that feature respiratory distress.. Methods: Outcome measures were collected from 154 participants reporting persistent fatigue following acute COVID-19 infection who were enrolled in a 7-week rehabilitation course provided by the Primary Care Wellbeing Service (PCWBS) in Bradford District Care NHS Foundation Trust (BDCFT). Results: Hierarchical multiple linear regression revealed that fatigue severity was associated with a significant interaction between PTSS and breathlessness, even when controlling for pre-COVID health related quality of life (HRQoL), age, symptom duration and hospital admittance during the acute phase. Furthermore, improvements in fatigue following rehabilitation were significantly associated with improvements in PTSS. Conclusions: PTSS may be an important therapeutic target in multidisciplinary rehabilitation for reducing fatigue in the recovery from PCS. It is therefore important that treatment for PCS takes a biopsychosocial approach to recovery, putting emphasis on direct and indirect psychological factors which may facilitate or disrupt physical recovery. This highlights the need for all PCS clinics to screen for PTSD and if present, target as a priority in treatment to maximise the potential for successful rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Harenwall
- Primary Care Wellbeing Service, Bradford District Care NHS Foundation Trust, Shipley BD18 3LD, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Suzanne Heywood-Everett
- Primary Care Wellbeing Service, Bradford District Care NHS Foundation Trust, Shipley BD18 3LD, UK
| | - Rebecca Henderson
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, UK
| | - Joanne Smith
- Primary Care Wellbeing Service, Bradford District Care NHS Foundation Trust, Shipley BD18 3LD, UK
| | - Rachel McEnery
- Primary Care Wellbeing Service, Bradford District Care NHS Foundation Trust, Shipley BD18 3LD, UK
| | - Amy R. Bland
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, UK
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19
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Moseholm E, Midtgaard J, Bollerup S, Apol ÁD, Olesen OB, Jespersen S, Weis N. Psychological Distress among Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in Denmark during the First 12 Months of the Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191610097. [PMID: 36011732 PMCID: PMC9408077 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate psychological distress among patients hospitalized with a COVID-19 diagnosis in Denmark during the first 12 months of the pandemic and to assess changes in psychological distress in the three months following discharge. A single-center prospective observational survey study among patients hospitalized with a COVID-19 diagnosis between May 2020 and May 2021 was conducted. Participants completed a survey at three time points: at admission, and 1 and 3 months after discharge. Psychological distress was assessed by validated scales measuring symptoms related to depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). In total, 95 patients were included. At admission, the proportion of patients with symptoms of depression was 43%, symptoms of anxiety 32%, moderate/high level of stress 39%, insomnia 52%, and probable/positive PTSD 19%. The burden of symptoms related to depression and anxiety decreased significantly over time, while there was no significant change over time in stress, insomnia, or PTSD. Suboptimal levels of physical and mental HRQoL were detected at admission but improved over time. Patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 during the first year of the pandemic experienced considerable levels of psychological distress at admission, with some improvements within 3 months after discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Moseholm
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Kettegaard Alle 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Julie Midtgaard
- Centre for Applied Research in Mental Health Care (CARMEN), Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Nordstjernevej 41, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Signe Bollerup
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Kettegaard Alle 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Ása D. Apol
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Kettegaard Alle 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Oskar B. Olesen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Kettegaard Alle 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Sofie Jespersen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Kettegaard Alle 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Nina Weis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Kettegaard Alle 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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20
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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Trajectories the Year after COVID-19 Hospitalization. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148452. [PMID: 35886306 PMCID: PMC9316829 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) hospitalization has been related to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Available information is limited by insufficient follow-up and lack of longitudinal studies. Baseline factors (e.g., sex; obesity) have been related to PTSD, but post-hospitalization factors have not been studied. Objective: This study aimed to analyse prevalence, baseline, post-discharge factors and possible clinical courses of PTSD after hospitalization for COVID-19. Method: 109 patients (94.7% of the original sample) completed a programme of three follow-up telephone assessments during the year following hospitalization. Data included clinical and sociodemographic factors as well as psychometric tools assessing PTSD, social support, and perception of threat to life (PTL). Mixture model analysis was performed to study the longitudinal course of PTSD symptoms. Chronic (>6 months) PTSD predictors were also analysed. Results: 1-year PTSD period prevalence was 23.9%, peaking at six months; 11% of the patients suffered chronic PTSD. Pre- and post-hospitalization factors influenced the onset and course of PTSD over time. These included working status, PTL, and lack of social support. Interestingly, obesity, pulmonary diseases and family cluster infection seem specifically related to PTSD following COVID-19. Inversely, clinical interventions, older age and male gender were protective. Conclusions: PTSD following COVID-19 hospitalization is common. The analysed demographic, social, clinical, and psychological factors predict PTSD symptomatology over time and can modify odds of a chronic course. Clinicians could better identify cases at risk of a chronic PTSD course. Finally, treatment as usual appeared related to a better outcome and should be proposed to patients with PTSD.
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21
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IAPT CBT treatment for PTSD following COVID-19-related intensive care admission – a case study. COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPIST 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/s1754470x22000289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The current case study was conducted as part of the National Health Services and Health Education England implemented IAPT top-up training in trauma-focused cognitive therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). There has been an increase in the number of clients presenting to IAPT with COVID-19 intensive care unit PTSD since the pandemic. However, there are no current unitary guidelines for psychological therapy for this population. Treatment of PTSD using individual trauma-focused cognitive therapy has been shown to be effective for ICU-PTSD. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence treatment guidelines recommend adapting existing protocols. This study describes how these recommendations were used in the treatment of COVID-19 ICU-PTSD in a 46-year-old male. It illustrates the use of trauma-focused cognitive therapy for PTSD and how ICU trauma memories including hallucinations were conceptualised. It also illustrates how the challenges of co-morbid panic attacks, long COVID and remote working were managed. The client attended 16 individual, 60- to 90-minute video sessions of trauma-focused cognitive therapy, conducted weekly via Microsoft Teams over a period of five months. The treatment plan was conducted in collaboration with the client’s general practitioner, physiotherapists, cardiopulmonary specialists, and his family. Treatment included a timeline, written narrative and imaginal reliving. It also applied stimulus discrimination, behavioural experiments and site visit. At the end of treatment, the client no longer showed clinically important symptoms of PTSD as assessed on the PCL-5 and interview. This was sustained at 3-month follow-up.
Key learning aims.
It is hoped that the reader will increase their understanding of the following:
(1)
Delivery of trauma-focused cognitive therapy for ICU-PTSD.
(2)
Cognitive conceptualisation of the trauma memory including hallucinations.
(3)
Management of co-morbid symptoms.
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22
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Taurisano P, Lanciano T, Alfeo F, Bisceglie F, Monaco A, Sbordone FL, Abbatantuono C, Costadura S, Losole J, Ruggiero G, Iachini S, Vimercati L, Vacca A, De Caro MF, Curci A. The COVID-19 Stress Perceived on Social Distance and Gender-Based Implications. Front Psychol 2022; 13:846097. [PMID: 35615201 PMCID: PMC9126176 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.846097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented event entailing long-term consequences on population health and welfare. Those who contracted the coronavirus may have suffered from both physical and mental health issues that unfold the need for tailored intervention strategies. Hence, our study aims to investigate the psychological and social consequences of COVID-19 on a sample of 86 participants, encompassing 43 patients (clinical group; 25 women; mean age = 50.4 ± 10.1 years) recruited from Bari University Hospital, 19 of whom were hospitalized due to the disease. The remaining 43 were individuals not fallen ill with COVID-19 to date (control group; 25 women; mean age = 50.4 ± 10.1 years). The investigation yielded significant gender differences in post-traumatic stress symptoms, depression, and representation of interpersonal distance (IPD), evaluated through the IES-R, the BDI-II, and the IVAS task, respectively. This pattern of results was not replicated in the control group. In general, participants who reported having experienced the most intense post-traumatic symptoms also presented a greater mood deflection and, more specifically, within the clinical group women obtained the highest scores on both scales. Women reported higher IES-R and BDI-II scores compared to men, that could indicate that women who have contracted COVID-19 are more exposed to post-traumatic and depressive symptoms. Our results also showed a significant effect of COVID-19 on IPD with a tendency of disease-experienced individuals to increase their preferred IPD from adults, children, and elderly people. Regarding gender differences in mood and proxemic behavior, a correlation between depressive symptoms and probable PTSD and a further correlation between probable PTSD and greater IPD were found in women from both clinical and control group. Overall, these findings might contribute to a better understanding of gender-based implications of the current pandemic on mental health, also leading to the development of integrated yet personalized intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Taurisano
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Lanciano
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Federica Alfeo
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy.,Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Bisceglie
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Alessia Monaco
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Abbatantuono
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Costadura
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Jolanda Losole
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Gennaro Ruggiero
- Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy
| | - Santa Iachini
- Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy
| | - Luigi Vimercati
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Occupational Health Division, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Fara De Caro
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Antonietta Curci
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
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23
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Veazie S, Lafavor B, Vela K, Young S, Sayer NA, Carlson KF, O'Neil ME. Mental health outcomes of adults hospitalized for COVID-19: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2022; 8:100312. [PMID: 35165670 PMCID: PMC8828444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients hospitalized for COVID-19 may be at high risk of mental health (MH) disorders. This systematic review assesses MH outcomes among adults during and after hospitalization for COVID-19 and ascertains MH care utilization and resource needs. METHODS We searched multiple medical literature databases for studies published December 2019 to March 2021. Studies of ≥ 200 participants were synthesized. One reviewer completed article selection, data abstraction and assessed study quality and strength of evidence, with verification by a second. RESULTS Fifty articles met preliminary inclusion criteria; 19 articles that included ≥ 200 participants were synthesized. Evidence from these primarily fair-quality studies suggests many patients experience symptoms of depression (9-66%), anxiety (30-39%), and insomnia (24-40%) during and 3 months after hospitalization for COVID-19. However, patients infrequently receive a new MH disorder diagnosis 6 months after hospitalization (5% are diagnosed with a new mood disorder, 7% anxiety disorder, and 3% insomnia). Some hospitalized patients - including women and those with more severe COVID-19 - may be at higher risk of poor MH outcomes. Data on MH care utilization and resource needs are currently limited. LIMITATIONS Most included studies were small, did not report the proportion of participants with preexisting MH disorders, and did not use comparison groups. CONCLUSIONS While many patients experience MH symptoms after hospitalization for COVID-19, most do not go on to develop a new MH disorder. Future studies should report whether participants have preexisting MH disorders and compare patients hospitalized for COVID-19 to patients hospitalized for other causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Veazie
- Evidence Synthesis Program Coordinating Center, VA Portland Health Care System, United States
| | - Brenda Lafavor
- Primary Care Division, VA Portland Health Care System, United States
| | - Kathryn Vela
- Evidence Synthesis Program Coordinating Center, VA Portland Health Care System, United States
| | - Sarah Young
- Evidence Synthesis Program Coordinating Center, VA Portland Health Care System, United States
| | - Nina A Sayer
- Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, United States
- Departments of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, United States
| | - Kathleen F Carlson
- Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care, VA Portland Health Care System, United States
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, United States
| | - Maya E O'Neil
- Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care, VA Portland Health Care System, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Department of Medical Informatics & Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, United States
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24
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Schiavi M, Fugazzaro S, Bertolini A, Denti M, Mainini C, Accogli MA, Bedogni G, Ghizzoni D, Esseroukh O, Gualdi C, Costi S. “Like before, but not exactly”: the Qualy-REACT qualitative inquiry into the lived experience of long COVID. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:599. [PMID: 35346138 PMCID: PMC8960224 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13035-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) affect millions of individuals worldwide. Rehabilitation interventions could support individuals during the recovery phase of COVID-19, but a comprehensive understanding of this new disease and its associated needs is crucial. This qualitative study investigated the experience of individuals who had been hospitalized for COVID-19, focusing on those needs and difficulties they perceived as most urgent.
Methods
This naturalistic qualitative study was part of a single-center mix-method cross-sectional study (REACT) conducted in Italy during the first peak of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The qualitative data collection took place through a telephone interview conducted 3 months after hospital discharge. The experience of individuals discharged after hospitalization for COVID-19 was investigated through the main research question – “Tell me, how has it been going since you were discharged?”. Two secondary questions investigated symptoms, activities, and participation. Data were recorded and transcribed verbatim within 48 h. An empirical phenomenological approach was used by the researchers, who independently analyzed the data and, through consensus, developed an interpretative model to answer the research question. Translation occurred after data was analyzed.
Results
During the first peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, 784 individuals with COVID-19 were discharged from the hospitals of the Local Health Authority of the Province of Reggio Emilia (Italy); 446 were excluded due to the presence of acute or chronic conditions causing disability other than COVID-19 (n. 339), inability to participate in the study procedures (n. 56), insufficient medical documentation to allow for screening (n. 21), discharge to residential facilities (n. 25), and pregnancy (n. 5). Overall, 150 individuals consented to participate in the REACT study, and 56 individuals (60.7% male, average age 62.8 years ±11.8) were interviewed in June–July 2020, up to data saturation.
Persistent symptoms, feelings of isolation, fear and stigma, emotional distress, a fatalistic attitude, and return to (adapted) life course were the key themes that characterized the participants’ experience after hospital discharge.
Conclusions
The experience as narrated by the participants in this study confirms the persistence of symptoms described in PASC and highlights the sense of isolation and psychological distress. These phenomena may trigger a vicious circle, but the participants also reported adaptation processes that allowed them to gradually return to their life course. Whether all individuals are able to rapidly activate these mechanisms and whether rehabilitation can help to break this vicious circle by improving residual symptoms remain to be seen.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.com NCT04438239.
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25
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Busbee PB, Bam M, Yang X, Abdulla OA, Zhou J, Ginsberg JPJ, Aiello AE, Uddin M, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti PS. Dysregulated TP53 Among PTSD Patients Leads to Downregulation of miRNA let-7a and Promotes an Inflammatory Th17 Phenotype. Front Immunol 2022; 12:815840. [PMID: 35058939 PMCID: PMC8763839 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.815840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder and patients diagnosed with PTSD often express other comorbid health issues, particularly autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Our previous reports investigating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from PTSD patients showed that these patients exhibit an increased inflammatory T helper (Th) cell phenotype and widespread downregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs), key molecules involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation. A combination of analyzing prior datasets on gene and miRNA expression of PBMCs from PTSD and Control samples, as well as experiments using primary PBMCs collected from human PTSD and Controls blood, was used to evaluate TP53 expression, DNA methylation, and miRNA modulation on Th17 development. In the current report, we note several downregulated miRNAs were linked to tumor protein 53 (TP53), also known as p53. Expression data from PBMCs revealed that compared to Controls, PTSD patients exhibited decreased TP53 which correlated with an increased inflammatory Th17 phenotype. Decreased expression of TP53 in the PTSD population was shown to be associated with an increase in DNA methylation in the TP53 promotor region. Lastly, the most significantly downregulated TP53-associated miRNA, let-7a, was shown to negatively regulate Th17 T cells. Let-7a modulation in activated CD4+ T cells was shown to influence Th17 development and function, via alterations in IL-6 and IL-17 production, respectively. Collectively, these studies reveal that PTSD patients could be susceptible to inflammation by epigenetic dysregulation of TP53, which alters the miRNA profile to favor a proinflammatory Th17 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip B Busbee
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Marpe Bam
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Osama A Abdulla
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Juhua Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Jay Paul Jack Ginsberg
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States.,Departments of Psychophysiology, Clinical Psychology, and Research Office, Saybrook University, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Allison E Aiello
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina (UNC) Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Mcgavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Monica Uddin
- Genomics Program, University of South Florida College of Public Health, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Prakash S Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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26
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Yelin D, Moschopoulos CD, Margalit I, Gkrania-Klotsas E, Landi F, Stahl JP, Yahav D. ESCMID rapid guidelines for assessment and management of long COVID. Clin Microbiol Infect 2022; 28:955-972. [PMID: 35182760 PMCID: PMC8849856 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Scope The aim of these guidelines is to provide evidence-based recommendations for the assessment and management of individuals with persistent symptoms after acute COVID-19 infection and to provide a definition for this entity, termed ‘long COVID’. Methods We performed a search of the literature on studies addressing epidemiology, symptoms, assessment, and treatment of long COVID. The recommendations were grouped by these headings and by organ systems for assessment and treatment. An expert opinion definition of long COVID is provided. Symptoms were reviewed by a search of the available literature. For assessment recommendations, we aimed to perform a diagnostic meta-analysis, but no studies provided relevant results. For treatment recommendations we performed a systematic review of the literature in accordance with the PRISMA statement. We aimed to evaluate patient-related outcomes, including quality of life, return to baseline physical activity, and return to work. Quality assessment of studies included in the systematic review is provided according to study design. Recommendations Evidence was insufficient to provide any recommendation other than conditional guidance. The panel recommends considering routine blood tests, chest imaging, and pulmonary functions tests for patients with persistent respiratory symptoms at 3 months. Other tests should be performed mainly to exclude other conditions according to symptoms. For management, no evidence-based recommendations could be provided. Physical and respiratory rehabilitation should be considered. On the basis of limited evidence, the panel suggests designing high-quality prospective clinical studies/trials, including a control group, to further evaluate the assessment and management of individuals with persistent symptoms of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Yelin
- COVID Recovery Clinic, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tikva, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Charalampos D Moschopoulos
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ili Margalit
- COVID Recovery Clinic, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tikva, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel; Infectious Diseases Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tikva, Israel
| | | | - Francesco Landi
- Geriatric Internal Medicine Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Jean-Paul Stahl
- Infectious Diseases Department, University and Hospital Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Dafna Yahav
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece; Infectious Diseases Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tikva, Israel.
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27
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Complications Post-COVID-19 and Risk Factors among Patients after Six Months of a SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study. EPIDEMIOLGIA (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 3:49-67. [PMID: 36417267 PMCID: PMC9620887 DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia3010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In October 2020, we conducted a population-based prospective cohort study to determine post-COVID-19 complications, recovery, return to usual health, and associated risk factors in 536 cases of COVID-19 outbreak in Borriana (Spain) by administering an epidemiological questionnaire via phone interviews. A total of 484 patients participated (90.3%), age mean 37.2 ± 17.1 years, and 301 females (62.2%). Mild illness was the most common COVID-19 manifestation. After six months, 160 patients (33.1%) suffered at least one complication post-COVID-19, and 47 (29.4%) of them sought medical assistance. The most frequent persistent symptoms were hair loss, fatigue, loss of smell or taste, and headache. Risk factors associated with a complication were female sex (adjusted relative risk, [aRR] = 1.93 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.41-2.65), age 35 years and above (aRR = 1.50 95% CI 1.14-1.99), B blood group (aRR = 1.51 95% CI 1.04-2.16), current smoker (RR = 1.61 95% CI 1.02-2.54), and at least a COVID-19 exposure (aRR = 2.13 95% CI 1.11-4.09). Male sex, age younger than 35 years, and low COVID-19 exposures were associated with better recovery and return to usual health. A third of patients presented persistent symptoms compatible with the long-COVID-19 syndrome. In conclusion, an active medical follow-up of post-COVID-19 patients must be implemented.
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28
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The Moderating Effect of Resilience on Mental Health Deterioration among COVID-19 Survivors in a Mexican Sample. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10020305. [PMID: 35206919 PMCID: PMC8871934 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Resilience has been reported to be a protective psychological variable of mental health; however, little is known about its role in COVID-19 survivors. Thus, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the levels of depression, anxiety, stress, traumatic impact, and resilience associated with COVID-19, as well as to investigate the role of resilience as a moderating variable. A sample of 253 participants responded to an online survey; all were previously diagnosed with COVID-19 by a nasopharyngeal swab RT-PCR test, were older than 18 years, and signed an informed consent form. Significant negative correlations were found between resilience and the mental health variables. Higher resilience was significantly related to a lower impact of the event, stress, anxiety, and depression when the number of symptoms was low. Only when the duration of COVID-19 was short and resilience levels were medium or high was psychological distress reduced. Moreover, resilience moderated the effects of COVID-19 on mental health, even if a relapse occurred. The results emphasize the need for interdisciplinary interventions aimed at providing COVID-19 patients with psychological and social resources to cope with the disease, as well as with probable relapses.
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29
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Song W, Zhao T, Huang E. How Does the COVID-19 Pandemic Affect People's Willingness to Pay for Health in the Short and Long Term? A Longitudinal Study during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031568. [PMID: 35162590 PMCID: PMC8835082 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a substantial threat to people’s lives and aroused health concerns. This study aims at exploring the following questions. First, how does the COVID-19 pandemic affect people’s willingness to pay for health (WPH) in the short and long term? Second, what is the psychological mechanism underlying such an effect? Finally, what are the boundary conditions for this effect? To answer these questions, we conducted three longitudinal surveys. The first survey was launched in February 2020—the time of the most serious outbreak of COVID-19 in China. Data were obtained from 1548 participants through questionnaires on an online survey platform. The sample covered 297 prefecture-level cities in 31 provincial administrative regions. Subsequently, we conducted two follow-up surveys in August 2020 and July 2021. The samples of these surveys were randomly selected from the sample of the first survey. The findings showed that the pandemic promoted people’s WPH in the outbreak period. The fear of death and self-esteem mediated and moderated this effect, respectively. Moreover, the effect persisted for six months after the COVID-19 pandemic had been brought under control (August 2020). However, the effect disappeared after a year and a half (July 2021). These results indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic promoted people’s WPH and that this effect was sustained in the short term after the pandemic had been brought under control but not in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Yatai School of Business Management, Jilin University of Finance and Economics, Changchun 130117, China;
| | - Taiyang Zhao
- School of Philosophy and Sociology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-1332-154-1212
| | - Ershuai Huang
- School of Business Administration, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China;
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30
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Visco V, Vitale C, Rispoli A, Izzo C, Virtuoso N, Ferruzzi GJ, Santopietro M, Melfi A, Rusciano MR, Maglio A, Di Pietro P, Carrizzo A, Galasso G, Vatrella A, Vecchione C, Ciccarelli M. Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: Involvement and Interactions between Respiratory, Cardiovascular and Nervous Systems. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030524. [PMID: 35159974 PMCID: PMC8836767 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Though the acute effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been extensively reported, the long-term effects are less well described. Specifically, while clinicians endure to battle COVID-19, we also need to develop broad strategies to manage post-COVID-19 symptoms and encourage those affected to seek suitable care. This review addresses the possible involvement of the lung, heart and brain in post-viral syndromes and describes suggested management of post-COVID-19 syndrome. Post-COVID-19 respiratory manifestations comprise coughing and shortness of breath. Furthermore, arrhythmias, palpitations, hypotension, increased heart rate, venous thromboembolic diseases, myocarditis and acute heart failure are usual cardiovascular events. Among neurological manifestations, headache, peripheral neuropathy symptoms, memory issues, lack of concentration and sleep disorders are most commonly observed with varying frequencies. Finally, mental health issues affecting mental abilities and mood fluctuations, namely anxiety and depression, are frequently seen. Finally, long COVID is a complex syndrome with protracted heterogeneous symptoms, and patients who experience post-COVID-19 sequelae require personalized treatment as well as ongoing support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Visco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (V.V.); (C.V.); (A.R.); (C.I.); (G.J.F.); (M.S.); (M.R.R.); (A.M.); (P.D.P.); (A.C.); (G.G.); (A.V.); (C.V.)
| | - Carolina Vitale
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (V.V.); (C.V.); (A.R.); (C.I.); (G.J.F.); (M.S.); (M.R.R.); (A.M.); (P.D.P.); (A.C.); (G.G.); (A.V.); (C.V.)
| | - Antonella Rispoli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (V.V.); (C.V.); (A.R.); (C.I.); (G.J.F.); (M.S.); (M.R.R.); (A.M.); (P.D.P.); (A.C.); (G.G.); (A.V.); (C.V.)
| | - Carmine Izzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (V.V.); (C.V.); (A.R.); (C.I.); (G.J.F.); (M.S.); (M.R.R.); (A.M.); (P.D.P.); (A.C.); (G.G.); (A.V.); (C.V.)
| | - Nicola Virtuoso
- Cardiology Unit, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (N.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Germano Junior Ferruzzi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (V.V.); (C.V.); (A.R.); (C.I.); (G.J.F.); (M.S.); (M.R.R.); (A.M.); (P.D.P.); (A.C.); (G.G.); (A.V.); (C.V.)
| | - Mario Santopietro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (V.V.); (C.V.); (A.R.); (C.I.); (G.J.F.); (M.S.); (M.R.R.); (A.M.); (P.D.P.); (A.C.); (G.G.); (A.V.); (C.V.)
| | - Americo Melfi
- Cardiology Unit, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (N.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Rusciano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (V.V.); (C.V.); (A.R.); (C.I.); (G.J.F.); (M.S.); (M.R.R.); (A.M.); (P.D.P.); (A.C.); (G.G.); (A.V.); (C.V.)
| | - Angelantonio Maglio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (V.V.); (C.V.); (A.R.); (C.I.); (G.J.F.); (M.S.); (M.R.R.); (A.M.); (P.D.P.); (A.C.); (G.G.); (A.V.); (C.V.)
| | - Paola Di Pietro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (V.V.); (C.V.); (A.R.); (C.I.); (G.J.F.); (M.S.); (M.R.R.); (A.M.); (P.D.P.); (A.C.); (G.G.); (A.V.); (C.V.)
| | - Albino Carrizzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (V.V.); (C.V.); (A.R.); (C.I.); (G.J.F.); (M.S.); (M.R.R.); (A.M.); (P.D.P.); (A.C.); (G.G.); (A.V.); (C.V.)
- Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed Mediterranean Neurological Institute, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Gennaro Galasso
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (V.V.); (C.V.); (A.R.); (C.I.); (G.J.F.); (M.S.); (M.R.R.); (A.M.); (P.D.P.); (A.C.); (G.G.); (A.V.); (C.V.)
| | - Alessandro Vatrella
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (V.V.); (C.V.); (A.R.); (C.I.); (G.J.F.); (M.S.); (M.R.R.); (A.M.); (P.D.P.); (A.C.); (G.G.); (A.V.); (C.V.)
| | - Carmine Vecchione
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (V.V.); (C.V.); (A.R.); (C.I.); (G.J.F.); (M.S.); (M.R.R.); (A.M.); (P.D.P.); (A.C.); (G.G.); (A.V.); (C.V.)
- Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed Mediterranean Neurological Institute, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Michele Ciccarelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (V.V.); (C.V.); (A.R.); (C.I.); (G.J.F.); (M.S.); (M.R.R.); (A.M.); (P.D.P.); (A.C.); (G.G.); (A.V.); (C.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-08996-5021
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Kisiel MA, Janols H, Nordqvist T, Bergquist J, Hagfeldt S, Malinovschi A, Svartengren M. Predictors of post-COVID-19 and the impact of persistent symptoms in non-hospitalized patients 12 months after COVID-19, with a focus on work ability. Ups J Med Sci 2022; 127:8794. [PMID: 35991464 PMCID: PMC9383047 DOI: 10.48101/ujms.v127.8794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Better knowledge of long-term symptoms following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the so-called post-COVID-19, in non-hospitalized patients is needed. The aim of this study was to study persisent symptoms up to 12 months after COVID-19 in non-hospitalized patients and their impact on work ability. We also investigated predictors of persistent symptoms. METHODS This study encompassed non-hospitalized adult subjects with a COVID-19 infection confirmed via positive nasopharyngeal swab polymerase chain reaction test during the first wave of the pandemic in Uppsala, Sweden. In total, 566 subjects were sent a survey via e-mail or post with an invitation to participate in the survey 12 months post-diagnosis. The majority of subjects were healthcare workers, as this group was prioritized for testing. RESULTS A total of 366 subjects responded, with 47% reporting persistent symptoms 12 months after their COVID-19 diagnosis. The most commonly reported symptoms at this time were impaired sense of smell and/or taste and fatigue. Among the predictors of persistent symptoms were being born abroad, lower physical fitness compared with peers before COVID-19, body mass index >25 kg/m2, cooccurrence of hypertension and chronic pain, and having more than seven of the general COVID-19 symptoms at the onset. Respondents with symptoms after 12 months self-reported negatively about their general health and work ability. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that many people who had mild COVID-19 might have a variety of long-term symptoms. It highlights the importance of considering work ability after mild COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta A. Kisiel
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helena Janols
- Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tobias Nordqvist
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Analytical Chemistry and Neurochemistry, Department of Chemistry – BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- The ME/CFS Collaborative Research Centre at Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Simone Hagfeldt
- Analytical Chemistry and Neurochemistry, Department of Chemistry – BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- The ME/CFS Collaborative Research Centre at Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Andrei Malinovschi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Svartengren
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Stavem K, Heir T, Dammen T, Brønstad E, Lerum TV, Durheim MT, Lund KMA, Aarli BB, Einvik G. The course and determinants of post-traumatic stress over 12 months after hospitalization for COVID-19. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:931349. [PMID: 35911221 PMCID: PMC9334651 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.931349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the trajectory of symptoms and symptom-defined post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) from 1.5 to 12 months after hospitalization for COVID-19 and determine risk factors for persistent symptoms and PTSD. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study of consecutive patients discharged after hospitalization for COVID-19 before 1 June 2020 in six hospitals in Southern Norway. Symptom-defined PTSD was assessed by the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) at 1.5, 3 and/or 12 months after hospitalization, using DSM-5 criteria. Changes in PCL-5 symptom score and the prevalence of PTSD were analyzed with multivariable mixed models. RESULTS In total, 388 patients were discharged alive, and 251 (65%) participated. Respondents had a mean (SD) age of 58.4 (14.2) years, and 142 (57%) were males. The prevalence of symptom-defined PTSD was 14, 8, and 9% at 1.5, 3, and 12 months, respectively. WHO disease severity for COVID-19 was not associated with PCL-5 scores. Female sex, lower age and non-Norwegian origin were associated with higher PCL-5 scores. The odds ratio (OR) (95%CI) for PTSD was 0.32 (0.12 to 0.83, p = 0.019) at 3 months and 0.38 (0.15 to 0.95, p = 0.039) at 12 months compared to 1.5 months. There was no association between PTSD and WHO severity rating. CONCLUSIONS The level of PTSD symptoms decreased from 1.5 to 3 months after hospitalization, but did not decrease further to 12 months, and there was no association between PTSD symptoms and COVID-19 disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut Stavem
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Health Services Research Unit, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Trond Heir
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
| | - Toril Dammen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eivind Brønstad
- Thoracic Department, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tøri Vigeland Lerum
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael T Durheim
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine M A Lund
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Østfold Hospital Trust Kalnes, Grålum, Norway
| | - Bernt B Aarli
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gunnar Einvik
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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33
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Huang X, Liu L, Eli B, Wang J, Chen Y, Liu Z. Mental Health of COVID-19 Survivors at 6 and 12 Months Postdiagnosis: A Cohort Study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:863698. [PMID: 35463490 PMCID: PMC9026183 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.863698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As COVID-19 persists around the world, it is necessary to explore the long-term mental health effects in COVID-19 survivors. In this study, we investigated the mental health outcomes of survivors of COVID-19 at 6 and 12 months postdiagnosis. METHODS Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD checklist for the DSM-5, PCL-5), depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, GAD-7), resilience (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, CD-RISC-10), perceived social support (PSSS), personality traits (Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory-15, CBF-PI-15), and sociodemographic information were examined among 511 survivors of COVID-19 (48.1%, females; M age = 56.23 years at first assessment) at 6 and 12 months postdiagnosis. The data were analyzed with Wilcoxon signed rank tests and multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at 6 and 12 months after diagnosis was 13.31% and 6.26%; 20.35% and 11.94%; and 13.11% and 6.07%, respectively. The risk factors for all symptoms were as follows: higher neuroticism; lower openness, extraversion, agreeableness, and resilience; greater life disruptions due to COVID-19; poorer living standards; and increased symptoms of PTSD or depression at 6 months postdiagnosis. CONCLUSION The mental health of COVID-19 survivors improved between 6 and 12 months postdiagnosis. Mental health workers should pay long-term attention to this group, especially to survivors with risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Buzohre Eli
- Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaru Chen
- Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengkui Liu
- Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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34
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Badenoch JB, Rengasamy ER, Watson C, Jansen K, Chakraborty S, Sundaram RD, Hafeez D, Burchill E, Saini A, Thomas L, Cross B, Hunt CK, Conti I, Ralovska S, Hussain Z, Butler M, Pollak TA, Koychev I, Michael BD, Holling H, Nicholson TR, Rogers JP, Rooney AG. Persistent neuropsychiatric symptoms after COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Commun 2021; 4:fcab297. [PMID: 35169700 PMCID: PMC8833580 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The nature and extent of persistent neuropsychiatric symptoms after COVID-19 are not established. To help inform mental health service planning in the pandemic recovery phase, we systematically determined the prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in survivors of COVID-19. For this pre-registered systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO ID CRD42021239750), we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO to 20 February 2021, plus our own curated database. We included peer-reviewed studies reporting neuropsychiatric symptoms at post-acute or later time-points after COVID-19 infection and in control groups where available. For each study, a minimum of two authors extracted summary data. For each symptom, we calculated a pooled prevalence using generalized linear mixed models. Heterogeneity was measured with I 2. Subgroup analyses were conducted for COVID-19 hospitalization, severity and duration of follow-up. From 2844 unique titles, we included 51 studies (n = 18 917 patients). The mean duration of follow-up after COVID-19 was 77 days (range 14-182 days). Study quality was most commonly moderate. The most prevalent neuropsychiatric symptom was sleep disturbance [pooled prevalence = 27.4% (95% confidence interval 21.4-34.4%)], followed by fatigue [24.4% (17.5-32.9%)], objective cognitive impairment [20.2% (10.3-35.7%)], anxiety [19.1% (13.3-26.8%)] and post-traumatic stress [15.7% (9.9-24.1%)]. Only two studies reported symptoms in control groups, both reporting higher frequencies in COVID-19 survivors versus controls. Between-study heterogeneity was high (I 2 = 79.6-98.6%). There was little or no evidence of differential symptom prevalence based on hospitalization status, severity or follow-up duration. Neuropsychiatric symptoms are common and persistent after recovery from COVID-19. The literature on longer-term consequences is still maturing but indicates a particularly high prevalence of insomnia, fatigue, cognitive impairment and anxiety disorders in the first 6 months after infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B. Badenoch
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Emma R. Rengasamy
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cameron Watson
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Katrin Jansen
- Department of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stuti Chakraborty
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
- Occupational Therapy Unit, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
| | | | - Danish Hafeez
- Homerton University Hospitals Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ella Burchill
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Aman Saini
- Medical School, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lucretia Thomas
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | - Isabella Conti
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Sylvia Ralovska
- Sofia University ‘St Kliment Ohridski’, bul, ‘Tsar Osvoboditel’ 15, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Zain Hussain
- Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, UK
- School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Matthew Butler
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas A. Pollak
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Ivan Koychev
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Benedict D. Michael
- Department of Neurology, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infection, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Clinical Infection Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary, and Zoological Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Heinz Holling
- Department of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Timothy R. Nicholson
- Section of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan P. Rogers
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Alasdair G. Rooney
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Kopanczyk R, Kumar N, Papadimos T. Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome for Anesthesiologists: A Narrative Review and a Pragmatic Approach to Clinical Care. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2021; 36:2727-2737. [PMID: 34688543 PMCID: PMC8487462 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2021.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Post-acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) syndrome is a novel, poorly understood clinical entity with life-impacting ramifications. Patients with this syndrome, also known as "COVID-19 long-haulers," often present with nonspecific ailments involving more than one body system. The most common complaints include dyspnea, fatigue, brain fog, and chest pain. There currently is no single agreed-upon definition for post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, but most agree that criterion for this syndrome is the persistence of mental and physical health consequences after initial infection. Given the millions of acute infections in the United States over the course of the pandemic, perioperative providers will encounter these patients in clinical practice in growing numbers. Symptoms of the COVID-19 long-haulers should not be minimized, as these patients are at higher risk for postoperative respiratory complications and perioperative mortality for up to seven weeks after initial illness. Instead, a cautious multidisciplinary preoperative evaluation should be performed. Perioperative care should be viewed through the prism of best practices already in use, such as avoidance of benzodiazepines in patients with cognitive impairment and use of lung-protective ventilation. Recommendations especially relevant to the COVID-19 long-haulers include assessment of critical care myopathies and neuropathies to determine suitable neuromuscular blocking agents and reversal, preoperative workup of insidious cardiac or pulmonary pathologies in previously healthy patients, and, thorough medication review, particularly of anticoagulation regimens and chronic steroid use. In this article, the authors define the syndrome, synthesize the available scientific evidence, and make pragmatic suggestions regarding the perioperative clinical care of COVID-19 long-haulers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Kopanczyk
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH.
| | - Nicolas Kumar
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Thomas Papadimos
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
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Giannopoulou I, Galinaki S, Kollintza E, Adamaki M, Kympouropoulos S, Alevyzakis E, Tsamakis K, Tsangaris I, Spandidos DA, Siafakas N, Zoumpourlis V, Rizos E. COVID-19 and post-traumatic stress disorder: The perfect 'storm' for mental health (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1162. [PMID: 34504607 PMCID: PMC8392877 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its outbreak, in December, 2019, in the Chinese city of Wuhan, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has evolved into an ongoing global pandemic. Due to the novel antigenic properties of this virus, the world population could not develop immunity effectively and this led to the subsequent spread of COVID-19. This caused an unprecedented emergency situation with significant negative effects on health and well-being both on an individual and societal level. Apart from health, economic and social consequences, the impact of this pandemic on mental health is increasingly being reported in the scientific literature. The present review aimed to provide a comprehensive discussion of the possible neurological and neuropsychiatric manifestations of SARS-CoV-2, together with the related underlying molecular pathways. In addition, the present review focused on populations which are at a higher risk of developing psychiatric disturbances due to the COVID-19 pandemic and discussed possible routes of clinical management and therapeutics to minimize the burden associated with psychiatric disorders. Moreover, research findings exploring the prevalence of COVID-19-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms across vulnerable groups, including children, adolescents and COVID-19 survivors are presented, with particular emphasis on those with severe disease who required hospitalization and/or intensive care unit admission. Based on the available literature, the identification of potential determinants associated with PTSD across the different populations is underlined. Lessons learnt from the pandemics across the globe together with the ongoing research on COVID-19 and its impact on mental health, highlight the utmost importance for evidence-based, proactive and targeted interventions in high-risk groups aiming to mitigate the risks and manage vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Giannopoulou
- Second Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens 12462, Greece
| | - Sofia Galinaki
- Second Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens 12462, Greece
| | - Evangelia Kollintza
- Second Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens 12462, Greece
| | - Maria Adamaki
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Stylianos Kympouropoulos
- Second Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens 12462, Greece
| | - Evangelos Alevyzakis
- Second Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens 12462, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsamakis
- Second Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens 12462, Greece
| | - Iraklis Tsangaris
- Second Department of Critical Care Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Athens 12462, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Siafakas
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens 12462, Greece
| | - Vassilios Zoumpourlis
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Rizos
- Second Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens 12462, Greece
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Michelen M, Manoharan L, Elkheir N, Cheng V, Dagens A, Hastie C, O'Hara M, Suett J, Dahmash D, Bugaeva P, Rigby I, Munblit D, Harriss E, Burls A, Foote C, Scott J, Carson G, Olliaro P, Sigfrid L, Stavropoulou C. Characterising long COVID: a living systematic review. BMJ Glob Health 2021; 6:e005427. [PMID: 34580069 PMCID: PMC8478580 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 144.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While it is now apparent clinical sequelae (long COVID) may persist after acute COVID-19, their nature, frequency and aetiology are poorly characterised. This study aims to regularly synthesise evidence on long COVID characteristics, to help inform clinical management, rehabilitation strategies and interventional studies to improve long-term outcomes. METHODS A living systematic review. Medline, CINAHL (EBSCO), Global Health (Ovid), WHO Global Research on COVID-19 database, LitCovid and Google Scholar were searched till 17 March 2021. Studies including at least 100 people with confirmed or clinically suspected COVID-19 at 12 weeks or more post onset were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the tool produced by Hoy et al. Results were analysed using descriptive statistics and meta-analyses to estimate prevalence. RESULTS A total of 39 studies were included: 32 cohort, 6 cross-sectional and 1 case-control. Most showed high or moderate risk of bias. None were set in low-income countries and few included children. Studies reported on 10 951 people (48% female) in 12 countries. Most included previously hospitalised people (78%, 8520/10 951). The longest mean follow-up time was 221.7 (SD: 10.9) days post COVID-19 onset. Over 60 physical and psychological signs and symptoms with wide prevalence were reported, most commonly weakness (41%; 95% CI 25% to 59%), general malaise (33%; 95% CI 15% to 57%), fatigue (31%; 95% CI 24% to 39%), concentration impairment (26%; 95% CI 21% to 32%) and breathlessness (25%; 95% CI 18% to 34%). 37% (95% CI 18% to 60%) of patients reported reduced quality of life; 26% (10/39) of studies presented evidence of reduced pulmonary function. CONCLUSION Long COVID is a complex condition with prolonged heterogeneous symptoms. The nature of studies precludes a precise case definition or risk evaluation. There is an urgent need for prospective, robust, standardised, controlled studies into aetiology, risk factors and biomarkers to characterise long COVID in different at-risk populations and settings. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020211131.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Michelen
- School of Health Sciences, City University of London, London, UK
- ISARIC Global Support Centre, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lakshmi Manoharan
- ISARIC Global Support Centre, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Natalie Elkheir
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Vincent Cheng
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andrew Dagens
- ISARIC Global Support Centre, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Jake Suett
- Anaesthetic Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kings Lynn, UK
| | - Dania Dahmash
- ISARIC Global Support Centre, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Polina Bugaeva
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Bayern, Germany
| | - Ishmeala Rigby
- ISARIC Global Support Centre, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Munblit
- Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Child's Health, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eli Harriss
- Bodleian Health Care Libraries, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Amanda Burls
- School of Health Sciences, City University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Janet Scott
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gail Carson
- ISARIC Global Support Centre, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Piero Olliaro
- ISARIC Global Support Centre, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Louise Sigfrid
- ISARIC Global Support Centre, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Sarangi A, Javed S, Karki K, Kaushal A. COVID-19-associated PTSD in the elderly—lessons learned for the next global pandemic. MIDDLE EAST CURRENT PSYCHIATRY 2021. [PMCID: PMC8242287 DOI: 10.1186/s43045-021-00119-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background When COVID-19 was declared a global pandemic in March 2020, almost all countries implemented strict lockdowns and home quarantine orders in order to prevent spread of the virus. These implementations have severely affected the mental health of people all around the world especially the elderly, who are already physically and mentally fragile. There has been an escalation in the prevalence of depression, suicide, anxiety, substance abuse, domestic abuse, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Main body The aim of our review was to highlight PTSD in the elderly population who has recovered from COVID-19 infection and come up with some recommendations for the future. A thorough literature review was conducted focusing on the impact of COVID-19 on development and progression of PTSD during the pandemic. Conclusion Increased allocation of resources by various government and private stakeholders is necessary to prepare for the long-term implications on mental health from the current and future pandemics.
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Golińska PB, Cieślak M, Hubert O, Bidzan M. Mental Health and the Symptoms of PTSD in People with Depression and Anxiety Disorders during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5542. [PMID: 34067315 PMCID: PMC8196908 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the severity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms related to the COVID-19 pandemic in people with no diagnosis of mental illness, as well as in people who were diagnosed with depression or anxiety. Moreover, this study aimed to investigate the interplay between PTSD symptoms and self-assessed mental health associated with well-being. The 210 participants were divided into 3 groups: mentally healthy, participants with diagnosed depression, and participants with anxiety disorders. To evaluate the subjective well-being of the participants, the Polish adaptation of the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) was applied. The Impact Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) was used to measure the severity of PTSD symptoms. At least a moderate worsening of PTSD symptoms was observed in participants of all groups. The results were as follows: healthy participants M = 37.35 (SD = 18.46); participants with depression M = 36.05 (SD = 18.02); participants with anxiety M = 44.52 (SD = 18.08). The participants diagnosed with depression showed the lowest level of mental well-being M = 41.58 (SD = 15.02). Conclusion: People diagnosed with depression had both the lowest level of well-being and the lowest severity of symptoms specific to PTSD. In all three groups, lower emotional well-being was linked to greater PTSD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariusz Cieślak
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lodz, 90-136 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Olimpia Hubert
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, 81-745 Sopot, Poland;
| | - Mariola Bidzan
- Institute of Psychology, University of Gdansk, 80-557 Gdansk, Poland;
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