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Stubbs JM, Achat HM. Pandemic Loneliness in Healthcare Workers. Does It Predict Later Psychological Distress? Psychol Rep 2024; 127:1613-1632. [PMID: 36413372 PMCID: PMC9692176 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221139719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Increased loneliness associated with the COVID-19 pandemic has been widely reported, with healthcare workers at increased risk compared to the general population. Pre-pandemic research indicates that loneliness has long-term detrimental effects on mental well-being, but the effect of loneliness in the context of COVID-19 is not clear. We conducted an online survey of healthcare workers (HCWs) at a large teaching hospital in Sydney, Australia after the peak of the first wave of the pandemic in 2020. Over one-third experienced loneliness at the peak of the first wave. An observed association with high psychological distress in subsequent months was attenuated after adjusting for status of mental well-being during the peak and before the pandemic. Mental well-being during the peak of the pandemic and, to a lesser extent, mental well-being before the pandemic were the strongest predictors of later distress. Increased conflict at home was also predictive of later distress. The mental health of HCWs is an important consideration at any time and is especially so in the face of crises such as the current global pandemic. Strategies to enhance baseline mental well-being and bolster well-being during crisis situations should assist HCWs cope with unexpected stressors and reduce the associated detrimental psychological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne M. Stubbs
- Epidemiology and Health Analytics, Western Sydney Local Health District, North Parramatta, NSW, Australia
| | - Helen M. Achat
- Epidemiology and Health Analytics, Western Sydney Local Health District, North Parramatta, NSW, Australia
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Jones K, Wilson-Keates B, Melrose S. Using social media to recruit research participants: a literature review. Nurse Res 2024; 32:28-34. [PMID: 38105712 DOI: 10.7748/nr.2023.e1859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It may be challenging for researchers to recruit enough participants to have a diverse and representative sample for their studies. Usual recruitment methods that were historically effective can be difficult to use because of high costs, time constraints and geographical limitations. Social media is a low-cost, time-saving alternative. AIM To summarise the benefits and challenges of using social media for recruitment. DISCUSSION This article provides an overview of social media. It considers the advantages of social media for recruitment, including its cost-effectiveness, accessibility, speed and potential exposure for researchers. It also discusses the challenges of using social media for recruitment, including ethical ambiguity, homogenous sampling and questionable validity of information gathered. CONCLUSION Using social media for research saves time and reduces costs, increasing access to hard-to-reach populations and the reach of recruitment efforts. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Options for researchers wishing to use social media for study recruitment are outlined, as are strategies for managing some of the challenges involved in this recruitment method.
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Lövenmark A, Hammar LM. Being used for the greater good while fighting on the frontline: care staff's experiences of working with older people during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:135. [PMID: 38321402 PMCID: PMC10848549 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04644-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BAKGROUND Worldwide, older people were more severely affected during the COVID-19 pandemic than others. In Sweden, those living in residential care facilities had the highest mortality rate, followed by those receiving home care services. The Swedish and international literature on the working environment for assistant nurses and care aides during the pandemic shows an increase in stress, anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress syndromes. Care organisations were badly prepared to prevent the virus from spreading and to protect the staff from stress. In order to be better prepared for possible future pandemics, the health and well-being of the staff, the care of older people and the experiences of the staff both during and after a pandemic are important aspects to take into account. Therefore, this study aims to describe the experiences of assistant nurses and care aides working in the care of older people during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden, their working conditions and the impact all this had on their lives. METHODOLOGY The study has a qualitative, descriptive design. The data was collected in four focus group interviews with 21 participants and analysed using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS The results revealed the theme, Being used for the greater good while fighting on the frontline, which was then divided into three categories: portrayed as a risk for older people, not being valued and being burnt out. The worsening working conditions that the pandemic contributed to resulted in a high degree of stress and risk of burnout, with staff members both wanting to and actually leaving their employment. After the pandemic they felt forgotten again and left to cope in an even worse situation than before. CONCLUSIONS The pandemic had a major effect on assistant nurses and care aides in terms of their working environment and their private lives. To be better prepared for future pandemics or disasters, organisations with responsibility for the care of older people will need to ensure that their staff have the necessary competencies and that there is adequate staffing in place. This also means that adequate government funding and multiple interventions will be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annica Lövenmark
- The School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden.
| | - Lena Marmstål Hammar
- The School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
- Division of Nursing, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- The School of Health and Welfare, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
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Gui Z, Wang YY, Li JX, Li XH, Su Z, Cheung T, Lok KI, Ungvari GS, Ng CH, Zhang Q, Xiang YT. Prevalence of poor sleep quality in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1272812. [PMID: 38260776 PMCID: PMC10800583 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1272812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the public health responses were associated with a huge health burden, which could influence sleep quality. This meta-analysis and systematic review examined the prevalence of poor sleep quality in COVID-19 patients. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and PsycINFO were systematically searched from their respective inception to October 27, 2022. Prevalence rates of poor sleep were analyzed using a random effects model. Results Totally, 24 epidemiological and 12 comparative studies with 8,146 COVID-19 patients and 5,787 healthy controls were included. The pooled prevalence of poor sleep quality based on the included studies was 65.0% (95%CI: 59.56-70.44%, I2 = 97.6%). COVID-19 patients had a higher risk of poor sleep quality compared to healthy controls (OR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.30-2.30, p < 0.01, I2 = 78.1%) based on the 12 comparative studies. Subgroup analysis revealed that COVID-19 patients in low-income countries (p = 0.011) and in studies using a lower Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score cut-off (p < 0.001) were more likely to have poor sleep quality. Meta-regression analyses revealed that being female (p = 0.044), older (p < 0.001) and married (p = 0.009) were significantly correlated with a higher risk of poor sleep quality while quality score (p = 0.014) were negatively correlated with the prevalence of poor sleep quality in COVID-19 patients. Conclusion Poor sleep quality was found to be very common in COVID-19 patients. Considering the negative effects of poor sleep quality on daily life, sleep quality should be routinely assessed and appropriately addressed in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Gui
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yue-Ying Wang
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Jia-Xin Li
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Li
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohui Su
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Teris Cheung
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ka-In Lok
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao SAR, China
| | - Gabor S. Ungvari
- Section of Psychiatry, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia
- Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Chee H. Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Melbourne Clinic and St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Richmond, VIC, Australia
| | - Qinge Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
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Morrison AD, Ehsan S, Schwartz RE, Webster SD, Puxty JAH. Transforming Care for Older Adults Living with Complex Health Conditions in Ontario Post-Covid: Conference Proceedings and Recommendations. Can Geriatr J 2023; 26:478-485. [PMID: 38045882 PMCID: PMC10684301 DOI: 10.5770/cgj.26.665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The virtual conference 'Transforming Care: Supporting Older Adults Post-COVID in Ontario' was held in October 2021. It was organized by Specialized Geriatric Services (SGS) East and held over three half-days. The guiding themes included: The Need, The Innovation, and The Transformation. Over 500 participants heard from ~50 clinicians, researchers, administrators, older adults, care partners, and community partners. The pandemic uncovered and exacerbated existing issues and pushed us to explore new ways to support older adults living with complex health conditions. The following key priorities were identified: older adults and their care partners call for personalized care experiences, and a lifespan approach to care delivery; aging in the community remains the most common preference; an integrated community care system that supports aging at-home should be prioritized; care delivery by SGS interprofessional teams and specialists is paramount to providing comprehensive care; building health human resource capacity should be a system priority; and promising innovations should be scaled and spread. Evidence shows that we cannot return to status-quo; post-pandemic planning of both who we serve and how we serve needs to be anchored in system renewal, not just recovery. Renewal means integrating lessons learned during the pandemic into the redesign of our systems of care. Investments in innovative, upstream strategies that support home and community-based care, and target health promotion and prevention are necessary. The provincial and regional infrastructure of SGS has the expertise and capacity to assist Ontario Health Teams in responding to the evolving health and social needs of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabeen Ehsan
- Seniors Care Network, Port Hope
- Faculty of Health Science, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa
| | | | - Sarah D Webster
- Centre for Studies in Aging and Health, Providence Care, Kingston
| | - John A H Puxty
- Centre for Studies in Aging and Health, Providence Care, Kingston
- Department of Medicine, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario
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Wu J, Qiu L, Xiong W, Shen Y, Li J, Wu J, Zhou Q. COVID-19 anxiety and related factors amid adjusted epidemic prevention policies: a cross-sectional study on patients with late-life depression in China. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e072725. [PMID: 38000824 PMCID: PMC10680000 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the prevalence and associated factors of COVID-19 anxiety in patients with late-life depression (LLD) during the adjustment of epidemic prevention policies in China. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING The data analysed in this study were collected from seven regions in China between November 2022 and January 2023. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1205 patients with LLD (aged 60-78 years) participated in the survey. They completed a social demographic assessment and the Chinese version of the five-point Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS). PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was the anxiety level of the participants. Patients were categorised into two groups based on their anxiety levels, one with anxiety and one without, according to CAS scores. RESULTS The prevalence of COVID-19 anxiety in depressed older adults was 47.3%. Regression analysis revealed that the average COVID-19 anxiety score was significantly higher among females (AOR: 2.177, 95% CI 1.201 to 3.947), widowed individuals (AOR: 3.015, 95% CI 1.379 to 6.591), patients residing at a distance from healthcare facilities (AOR: 3.765, 95% CI 1.906 to 7.438), and those who frequently experienced worry (AOR: 1.984, 95% CI 1.111 to 3.543). Conversely, the anxiety score was significantly lower among divorced individuals (AOR: 0.491, 95% CI 0.245 to 0.988), those aged 70 years and above (AOR: 0.117, 95% CI 0.064 to 0.213), patients without difficulty obtaining medication (AOR: 0.027, 95% CI 0.007 to 0.097), those living with family members (AOR: 0.080, 95% CI 0.022 to 0.282) or in nursing homes compared with those living alone (AOR: 0.019, 95% CI 0.004 to 0.087). CONCLUSION Women with LLD who are widowed, live far from healthcare facilities, and are prone to excessive worry are more likely to experience anxiety. It is advisable to implement appropriate preventive measures and provide psychosocial support programmes for this vulnerable group during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linghe Qiu
- Department of General Psychiatry, The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wendian Xiong
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nangjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ju Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Provincial Rongjun Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Lau J, Koh WL, Ng JS, Khoo AMG, Tan KK. Understanding the mental health impact of COVID-19 in the elderly general population: A scoping review of global literature from the first year of the pandemic. Psychiatry Res 2023; 329:115516. [PMID: 37797442 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Self-isolation was common in the first year of COVID-19. While necessary, it also increased vulnerability to adverse mental health among elderly (i.e. aged 60 and above). This review seeks to summarise the outcomes, measures, and protective and risk factors of elderly mental health in the first year of COVID-19. Four international databases were systematically searched from inception to August 2021. Forty-five studies examining elderly mental health outcomes specific to COVID-19 were included - one was qualitative, 29 used cross-sectional quantitative methods, and 15 were longitudinal. Anxiety and depression were examined most commonly and consistently, largely with well-validated scales. Older age, female sex, poor financial status, being unmarried, high loneliness, low social engagement, low resilience and more severe pandemic measures were associated with poor elderly mental health outcomes. Ten of 13 longitudinal studies found deteriorations in elderly mental health outcomes over time. More consistent measures are needed to understand the pandemic's impact on elderly mental health. Our findings also suggest that socialising through digital mediums may not be helpful, and might even exacerbate loneliness. While the elderly are generally considered a high-risk population, higher-risk subpopulations were identified. We conclude by suggesting a multilevel approach to safeguard elderly mental health for future crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrald Lau
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 8. 1E Kent Ridge Road, 119228, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei-Ling Koh
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 8. 1E Kent Ridge Road, 119228, Singapore
| | - Janelle Shaina Ng
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 8. 1E Kent Ridge Road, 119228, Singapore
| | - Athena Ming-Gui Khoo
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 8. 1E Kent Ridge Road, 119228, Singapore
| | - Ker-Kan Tan
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 8. 1E Kent Ridge Road, 119228, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Janssen T, McGuire AB, López-Castro T, Prince MA, Grasso DJ. The Epidemic-Pandemic Impacts Inventory (EPII): A multisample study examining pandemic-related experiences and their relation to mental health. Psychol Assess 2023; 35:1019-1029. [PMID: 37902669 PMCID: PMC10617655 DOI: 10.1037/pas0001248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
The Epidemic-Pandemic Impacts Inventory (EPII) was developed to assess pandemic-related adverse and positive experiences across several key domains, including work/employment, home life, isolation, and quarantine. Several studies have associated EPII-assessed pandemic-related experiences with a wide range of psychosocial factors, most commonly depressive and anxiety symptoms. The present study investigated the degree to which specific types of COVID-19 pandemic-related experiences may be associated with anxiety and depression risk, capitalizing on two large, independent samples with marked differences in sociodemographic characteristics. The present study utilized two adult samples: participants (N = 635) recruited online over a 4-week period in early 2020 (Sample 1) and participants (N = 908) recruited from the student body of a large Northeastern public university (Sample 2). We employed a cross-validated, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression approach, as well as a random forest (RF) machine learning algorithm, to investigate classification accuracy of anxiety/depression risk using the pandemic-related experiences from the EPII. The LASSO approach isolated eight items within each sample. Two items from the work/employment and emotional/physical health domains overlapped across samples. The RF approach identified similar items across samples. Both methods yielded acceptable cross-classification accuracy. Applying two analytic approaches on data from two large, sociodemographically unique samples, we identified a subset of sample-specific and nonspecific pandemic-related experiences from the EPII that are most predictive of concurrent depression/anxiety risk. Findings may help to focus on key experiences during future public health disasters that convey greater risk for depression and anxiety symptoms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Janssen
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, School of Public Health, Brown University, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Austen B. McGuire
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, Dole Human Development Center, Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Kansas, USA
| | - Teresa López-Castro
- Department of Psychology, The City College of New York, The City University of New York, New York, USA
| | - Mark A. Prince
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Colorado, USA
| | - Damion J. Grasso
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Connecticut, USA
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Taunque A, Li G, MacNeil A, Gulati I, Jiang Y, de Groh M, Fuller-Thomson E. Breathless and Blue in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging: Incident and Recurrent Depression Among Older Adults with COPD During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2023; 18:1975-1993. [PMID: 37724252 PMCID: PMC10505398 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s417218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives The COVID-19 pandemic and related public health measures intensified risk factors for depression and concurrently heightened numerous health-related stressors for individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Utilizing a comprehensive longitudinal sample of Canadian older adults, this study examined the incidence and recurrence of depression among older adults with COPD, and identified factors that were associated with depression during the pandemic among this population. Methods Data came from four phases of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) (n=875 with COPD). The primary outcome of interest was a positive screen for depression based on the CES-D-10, during autumn of 2020. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors that were associated with depression. Results Approximately 1 in 6 (17%) respondents with COPD and no lifetime history of depression developed depression for the first time during the early stages of the pandemic. Approximately 1 in 2 (52%) participants with COPD and a history of depression experienced a recurrence of depressive symptoms during this period. Loneliness, functional limitations, and family conflict were associated with a higher risk of both incident and recurrent depression. The risk of incident depression only was higher among those who had difficulty accessing healthcare resources. The risk of recurrent depression only was higher among women, those with a post-secondary education, and those with more adverse childhood experiences. Conclusion Screening and interventions aimed at individuals with COPD, both with and without a history of depression, are warranted to potentially mitigate the mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneisha Taunque
- Institute for Life Course and Aging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Grace Li
- Department of Sociology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Andie MacNeil
- Institute for Life Course and Aging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ishnaa Gulati
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ying Jiang
- Applied Research Division, Center for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Margaret de Groh
- Applied Research Division, Center for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Esme Fuller-Thomson
- Institute for Life Course and Aging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Harding AB, Ramirez MR, Ryan AD, Xiong BN, Rosebush CE, Woods-Jaeger B. Impacts of COVID-19 on Stress in Middle School Teachers and Staff in Minnesota: An Exploratory Study Using Random Forest Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6698. [PMID: 37681838 PMCID: PMC10487626 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20176698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
While the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted many occupations, teachers and school staff have faced unique challenges related to remote and hybrid teaching, less contact with students, and general uncertainty. This study aimed to measure the associations between specific impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and stress levels in Minnesota educators. A total of 296 teachers and staff members from eight middle schools completed online surveys between May and July of 2020. The Epidemic Pandemic Impacts Inventory (EPII) measured the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic according to nine domains (i.e., Economic, Home Life). The Kessler-6 scale measured non-specific stress (range: 0-24), with higher scores indicating greater levels of stress. Random forest analysis determined which items of the EPII were predictive of stress. The average Kessler-6 score was 6.8, indicating moderate stress. Three EPII items explained the largest amount of variation in the Kessler-6 score: increase in mental health problems or symptoms, hard time making the transition to working from home, and increase in sleep problems or poor sleep quality. These findings indicate potential areas for intervention to reduce employee stress in the event of future disruptions to in-person teaching or other major transitions during dynamic times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson B. Harding
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.R.R.); (A.D.R.); (B.N.X.)
| | - Marizen R. Ramirez
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.R.R.); (A.D.R.); (B.N.X.)
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program of Public Health, University of California at Irvine, Irvina, CA 92697, USA
| | - Andrew D. Ryan
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.R.R.); (A.D.R.); (B.N.X.)
| | - Bao Nhia Xiong
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.R.R.); (A.D.R.); (B.N.X.)
| | - Christina E. Rosebush
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.R.R.); (A.D.R.); (B.N.X.)
| | - Briana Woods-Jaeger
- Department of Behavioral, Social and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
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Carr D, Sheffler J, Meynadasy M, Schmidt B, Hajcak G, Sachs-Ericsson N. A longitudinal examination of the protective effect of resilience against anxiety among older adults with high COVID-related worry. Cogn Behav Ther 2023; 52:419-437. [PMID: 37039031 PMCID: PMC10523701 DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2023.2191825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
This longitudinal study of community dwelling older adults (N = 453) examined consequences of COVID-related worries on changes in anxiety symptoms before relative to during the pandemic. We further evaluated if pre-COVID psychological resilience (PR) buffered the impact of COVID-related worry. Pre-COVID data were collected in September 2018. COVID-related worry and COVID anxiety symptoms were collected in October 2020 (Wave 2). Controlling for pre-COVID anxiety symptoms, we examined if COVID-related worries (e.g. I'm worried that I might die from COVID-19) were associated with increased anxiety symptoms, and whether pre-COVID PR moderated the association between COVID-related worries and prospective increases in anxiety symptoms. COVID-related worries were associated with increased anxiety symptoms (β = 0.005, p < .01), whereas pre-COVID PR was associated with a decrease in anxiety symptoms (β = -0.029, p < .05). PR moderated the association; COVID-related worries were associated with greater increases in anxiety symptoms among those with low pre-COVID PR (Model η2 = 0.35). Thus, the extent to which COVID-related worries influenced psychological health was dependent on pre-COVID levels of PR. We conclude the combined vulnerabilities of low pre-COVID PR and high COVID-related worries significantly increased the psychological consequences of COVID-19 for our sample of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Carr
- Department of Sociology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Julia Sheffler
- College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Melissa Meynadasy
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Brad Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Greg Hajcak
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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Syed RN, Ziyada A, Athar H, Khan J, Shraim M. Prevalence and factors associated with general anxiety symptoms severity among older adults registered with the Primary Healthcare Corporation during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Qatar Med J 2023; 2023:17. [PMID: 37565048 PMCID: PMC10411359 DOI: 10.5339/qmj.2023.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary care-based studies examining the prevalence of anxiety symptoms severity and associated factors among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic are scarce. The study aims to determine the prevalence of general anxiety symptoms severity and associated sociodemographic and physical health characteristics, including SARS-CoV-2 infection history, among older adults in primary care in Qatar during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using a random sample of older adults aged 60 years and above (n = 337) from all primary health care centers (n = 28) of Qatar's Primary Health Care Corporation. Participants were interviewed via telephone by family physicians between June and August 2020. General anxiety symptoms severity was assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale (GAD-7). Descriptive statistics and ordinal regression were used to analyse the data. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 65 years (ranging from 60 to 89 years), standard deviation = 4.8. About 49.0% and 32.0% of participants were females and of Qatari nationality, respectively. The prevalence of minimal, mild, moderate, and severe general anxiety symptoms was 82.5%, 13.9%, 3.0%, and 0.6%, respectively. Around 33.5%, 63.5%, and 3.0% of participants had unknown, negative, or positive SARS-CoV-2 infection histories, respectively. Females had greater odds of higher levels of anxiety symptoms severity (odds ratio (OR) 2.34; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22, 4.50; p = 0.011). As compared to participants with unknown SARS-CoV-2 infection status, those with a negative and positive SARS-CoV-2 infection history had increased odds of higher levels of general anxiety symptoms severity by 2.48 (95% CI 1.17, 5.24; p = 0.017) and 7.21 (95% CI 1.67, 31.25; p = 0.008), respectively. Age, marital status, living arrangements, nationality, and the number of medical conditions had no statistically significant associations with general anxiety symptoms severity. CONCLUSIONS Most older adults experience minimal to mild anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Female gender and confirmed or suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection history are independent predictors of more severe anxiety symptoms among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aza Ziyada
- Primary Healthcare Corporation (PHCC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Hena Athar
- Primary Healthcare Corporation (PHCC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Javaria Khan
- Primary Healthcare Corporation (PHCC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Mujahed Shraim
- Public Health Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar. E-mail: ORCID: 0000-0001-7972-8210
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13
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Frangou S, Travis-Lumer Y, Kodesh A, Goldberg Y, New F, Reichenberg A, Levine SZ. Increased incident rates of antidepressant use during the COVID-19 pandemic: interrupted time-series analysis of a nationally representative sample. Psychol Med 2023; 53:4943-4951. [PMID: 35680620 PMCID: PMC9273730 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722001891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with increased levels of depression and anxiety with implications for the use of antidepressant medications. METHODS The incident rate of antidepressant fills before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were compared using interrupted time-series analysis followed by comprehensive sensitivity analyses on data derived from electronic medical records from a large health management organization providing nationwide services to 14% of the Israeli population. The dataset covered the period from 1 January 2013 to 1 February 2021, with 1 March 2020 onwards defined as the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Forecasting analysis was implemented to test the effect of the vaccine roll-out and easing of social restrictions on antidepressant use. RESULTS The sample consisted of 852 233 persons with a total antidepressant incident fill count of 139 535.4 (total cumulative rate per 100 000 = 16 372.91, 95% CI 16 287.19-16 459.01). We calculated the proportion of antidepressant prescription fills for the COVID-19 period, and the counterfactual proportion for the same period, assuming COVID-19 had not occurred. The difference in these proportions was significant [Cohen's h = 10-3 (0.16), 95% CI 10-3 ( - 0.71 to 1.03)]. The pandemic was associated with a significant increase in the slope of the incident rate of antidepressant fills (slope change = 0.01, 95% CI 0.00-0.03; p = 0.04) and a monthly increase of 2% compared to the counterfactual (the estimated rate assuming no pandemic occurred). The increased rate was more pronounced in women, and was not modified by lockdown on/off periods, socioeconomic or SARS-CoV-2 status. The rate of observed antidepressant fills was similar to that forecasted under the assumption of ongoing COVID-19 distress. CONCLUSION These findings underscore the toll of the pandemic on mental health and inform mental health policy and service delivery during and after implementing COVID-19 attenuation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Frangou
- Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Yael Travis-Lumer
- Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Arad Kodesh
- Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Faye New
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Abraham Reichenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Stephen Z. Levine
- Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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14
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Durak M, Karakose S, Yow WQ. Editorial: Late-life psychopathology. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1204202. [PMID: 37303896 PMCID: PMC10249054 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1204202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mithat Durak
- Department of Psychology, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Türkiye
| | - Selin Karakose
- College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - W. Quin Yow
- Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore
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15
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Wang J, Xu M, Li X, Ni Y. A latent class analysis of hopelessness in relation to depression and trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. J Affect Disord 2023; 329:81-87. [PMID: 36841301 PMCID: PMC9951088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hopelessness is closely related to depression, trauma, and some organic diseases. Yet our understanding of the heterogeneity of hopelessness is limited. This study aimed to explore the heterogeneity of hopelessness, how it corresponds to the severity of depression, and the effect of traumatic experiences on it during COVID-19. METHOD The current study measures 28,360 Chinese college students (67.4 % of women) with the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), Trauma Experience Questionnaire, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The method of latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify different sub-groups of hopelessness with differences in emotion, motivation, and cognition. Logistic regression and analysis of variance were used to determine the characteristics of different sub-groups. RESULTS Three latent classes were identified: Negative affective cognition class (C1, N = 5940, 20.9 %), Negative thought cognition class (C2, N = 1358, 4.8 %), and Low hopelessness class (C3, N = 21,062, 74.3 %). Gender, only child or not, birthplace, family economic status, and grade are predictors of the latent category of hopelessness. There are significant differences in depression among different latent classes, and C1 > C2 > C3 (p < 0.001). Traumatic experience is a risk factor for the hopeless latent classes (OR > 1, P < 0.001). LIMITATIONS Research findings may not be applied to other populations and rely on subjective reports. Ignore the effects of other protective and risk factors. Lack of longitudinal research, unable to explore causality. CONCLUSIONS The current study provides evidence for the heterogeneity of hopelessness and informs targeted interventions for mental health problems (hopelessness) in college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqun Wang
- Center of Mental Health Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Mengdi Xu
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China.
| | - Xiaotong Li
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Yutong Ni
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
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16
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Moustakopoulou L, Adamakidou T, Plakas S, Drakopoulou M, Apostolara P, Mantoudi A, Mastrogiannis D, Zartaloudi A, Parissopoulos S, Koreli A, Mantzorou M. Exploring Loneliness, Fear and Depression among Older Adults during the COVID-19 Era: A Cross-Sectional Study in Greek Provincial Towns. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11091234. [PMID: 37174782 PMCID: PMC10178736 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11091234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, life changed abruptly for older adults in Greece. Social isolation, lockdowns, the fear of serious illness and death, all contributed to an increased risk of developing depression. OBJECTIVE To explore the presence and severity of depression in older adults in Greek provincial towns during the pandemic and to explore any possible relationships with loneliness and fear. METHODS A convenience sample of 200 participants aged >65, completed a socio-demographic form, the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, the Geriatric Depression-15 Scale (GDS-15) and the COVID-19 Fear Scale (FCV-19S). Data were collected from April to May 2022. RESULTS The average age of participants was 76.6 years and 35.5% of the participants presented depressive symptoms (mean prevalenceof depression 5 ± 3.7). A moderate to low level of loneliness (mean value 39 ± 11.3) and a moderate level of COVID-19 fear (mean value 18.9 ± 6.5) were also experienced. Higher levels of loneliness were found among participants with lower perceived health status and among those participants registered in Primary Health and Social Care (PHSC) services. Loneliness was positively correlated with depression (r = 0.7, p < 0.001), and increased loneliness and depression were associated with an increase in fear of COVID-19 (r = 0.2, p = 0.01 for both). CONCLUSIONS During the pandemic, older adults experienced loneliness, fear of COVID-19 and depression which were positively associated with each other. It is imperative to develop PHSC policies that are aimed at addressing the mental health problems of the older population, which have been caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, through developing their resilience, offering psychological support and promoting social connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamprini Moustakopoulou
- MSc Program in Community and Public Health Nursing, Nursing Department, School of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoula Adamakidou
- MSc Program in Community and Public Health Nursing, Nursing Department, School of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
| | - Sotirios Plakas
- MSc Program in Community and Public Health Nursing, Nursing Department, School of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
| | - Marianna Drakopoulou
- MSc Program in Community and Public Health Nursing, Nursing Department, School of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Apostolara
- MSc Program in Community and Public Health Nursing, Nursing Department, School of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Mantoudi
- MSc Program in Community and Public Health Nursing, Nursing Department, School of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimos Mastrogiannis
- MSc Program in Community and Public Health Nursing, Nursing Department, School of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
| | - Afroditi Zartaloudi
- MSc Program in Community and Public Health Nursing, Nursing Department, School of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
| | - Stelios Parissopoulos
- MSc Program in Community and Public Health Nursing, Nursing Department, School of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Koreli
- MSc Program in Community and Public Health Nursing, Nursing Department, School of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
| | - Marianna Mantzorou
- MSc Program in Community and Public Health Nursing, Nursing Department, School of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
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17
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Watson JD, Pierce BS, Tyler CM, Donovan EK, Merced K, Mallon M, Autler A, Perrin PB. Barriers and Facilitators to Psychologists' Telepsychology Uptake during the Beginning of the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20085467. [PMID: 37107748 PMCID: PMC10139141 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20085467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic transformed the delivery of psychological services as many psychologists adopted telepsychology for the first time or dramatically increased their use of it. The current study examined qualitative and quantitative data provided by 2619 practicing psychologists to identify variables facilitating and impeding the adoption of telepsychology in the U.S. at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. The top five reported barriers were: inadequate access to technology, diminished therapeutic alliance, technological issues, diminished quality of delivered care or effectiveness, and privacy concerns. The top five reported facilitators were: increased safety, better access to patient care, patient demand, efficient use of time, and adequate technology for telepsychology use. Psychologists' demographic and practice characteristics robustly predicted their endorsement of telepsychology barriers and facilitators. These findings provide important context into the implementation of telepsychology at the beginning of the pandemic and may serve future implementation strategies in clinics and healthcare organizations attempting to increase telepsychology utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack D. Watson
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Bradford S. Pierce
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Carmen M. Tyler
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Emily K. Donovan
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Kritzia Merced
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
- Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Richmond, VA 23249, USA
| | - Margaret Mallon
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Aaron Autler
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Paul B. Perrin
- Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Richmond, VA 23249, USA
- School of Data Science and Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Correspondence:
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18
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Ludwig-Dehm SM, Dones I, Ciobanu RO. Between here and there: comparing the worry about the pandemic between older Italian international migrants and natives in Switzerland. COMPARATIVE MIGRATION STUDIES 2023; 11:8. [PMID: 37033418 PMCID: PMC10072918 DOI: 10.1186/s40878-023-00331-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Since the beginning of the pandemic in 2020, people have been worried about COVID-19. As one of the risk groups, persons aged 65 and older are especially vulnerable. Additionally, minorities and migrants are hit harder by the pandemic than natives. Using data from the TransAge survey, a study including over 3000 older persons (65+) living in Switzerland and Italy, we show that the levels of worry about the pandemic are significantly higher among Italian international migrants living in Switzerland than among Swiss natives. We are not able to fully explain the difference using sociodemographic variables, the COVID-19 situation at the time of the interview, and international migrants' transnationalism behavior. Nevertheless, transnationalism explains a large part of the difference in worry between the two groups and our study sheds light on the importance of two specific transnational aspects, having Swiss nationality and voting behavior, for the prevention of elevated levels of worry of international migrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Ludwig-Dehm
- Faculty of Social Work (HETS/HES-SO), University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Iuna Dones
- Faculty of Social Work (HETSL/HES-SO), University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Ch. des Abeilles 14, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre of Expertise in Life Course Research, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ruxandra Oana Ciobanu
- Faculty of Social Work (HETSL/HES-SO), University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Ch. des Abeilles 14, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre of Expertise in Life Course Research, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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19
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Hytman L, Hemming M, Newman T, Newton NJ. Future Time Perspective and Psychological Well-Being for Older Canadian Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JOURNAL OF ADULT DEVELOPMENT 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37361381 PMCID: PMC9992910 DOI: 10.1007/s10804-023-09445-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Relevant literature indicates that one's perception of future time is related to their psychological well-being, particularly for older adults. However, more research is needed to understand this relationship in the context of COVID-19. Older adults may be especially vulnerable to the psychological impacts of the pandemic, but findings on their psychological well-being during COVID-19 are mixed. The current study examines relationships between Future Time Perspective (FTP), COVID-19 impact, and Psychological Well-Being, and how these variables change over 8 months during the earlier period of the pandemic. The current study explored these relationships in a sample of older women in Ontario, Canada, at two time points (Mage = 70.39 at T1), who completed online Qualtrics surveys. We used hierarchical linear regressions to test our expectations that COVID-19 impact would be negatively associated with psychological well-being, whereas FTP would be positively associated with psychological well-being, and that FTP would moderate the relationship between COVID-19 impact and psychological well-being. We found partial support for these hypotheses. Our knowledge of the relationship between FTP and psychological well-being would benefit from research that continues to explore different contexts and diverse samples, to enhance understandings of important differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Hytman
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Maya Hemming
- Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Tal Newman
- Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Nicky J. Newton
- Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada
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20
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Pellas J, Renner F, Ji JL, Damberg M. Telephone-Based Behavioral Activation with Mental Imagery for Depression in Older Adults in Isolation During the covid-19 Pandemic: Long-term Results from a Pilot Trial. Clin Gerontol 2023; 46:801-807. [PMID: 36128612 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2022.2124899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The covid-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for psychological interventions for depression that can be delivered remotely to older adults. Pellas et al. (2022) conducted a pilot trial on the preliminary effectiveness of a four-week telephone-delivered Behavioral Activation with Mental Imagery (BA-MI) intervention to N= 38 adults 65 years and older with clinically significant depressive symptoms living in isolation due to covid-19 in Sweden. This study assessed the feasibility of follow-up assessments and within-group symptom change over a six-month post-intervention period. METHODS Retention rates at post-intervention and follow-up assessments of depressive symptoms (MADRS-S) at five time points were assessed (baseline, post-intervention, 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-up). Effect sizes (Hedges' g) for within-group change scores were calculated between each time point. RESULTS Retention rates over time were 95, 82, 89, and 84%. Mean MADRS-S score was 18.26 at baseline, 13.69 at post-intervention (g= .68), 13.42 at 1 month (g= .74), 13.82 at 3 months (g= .74), and 15.59 at 6 months (g= .41). CONCLUSIONS Long-term follow-ups were feasible. Within-group decreases in depressive symptoms were maintained with medium effect sizes at 6 months post-intervention. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Telephone-based BA-MI may be a feasible intervention for depressive symptoms in older adults in isolation with maintained effects over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Pellas
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Centre for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Fritz Renner
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julie L Ji
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Mattias Damberg
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Centre for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, Västerås, Sweden
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21
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Zila-Velasque JP, Grados-Espinoza P, Coba-Villan N, Quispe-Chamorro J, Taipe-Guillén YF, Pacheco E, Ccasa-Valero L, Failoc-Rojas VE, Díaz-Vélez C, Valladares-Garrido MJ. Mental Disorders and Level of Resilience in Eight High-Altitude Cities of Peru during the Second Pandemic Wave: A Multicenter Population-Based Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:519. [PMID: 36612841 PMCID: PMC9819186 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has led us to take preventive measures, such as social isolation, to reduce the high transmissibility of the disease. This could have affected the mental health of various population groups and the development of resilience as a mitigator. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted with 700 participants from eight cities. The dependent variables were depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The independent variable was resilience. Generalized logistic regressions were used to identify the associations between the variables. The population consisted mostly of university students (65.0%); the rest of the population was distributed among workers of public or private institutions, housewives, and others (35.0%). High prevalences of anxiety (72.7%), depression (64.1%), and PTSD (15.1%) were found, as well as a median (interquartile range) resilience score of 24 points was determined. Factors associated with a high prevalence of PTSD were having lost employment and having a family member who died from COVID-19. For depression, associated factors were severe food insecurity and hypersomnia. For anxiety, associated factors were were having a deceased family member with COVID-19 and mild food insecurity. Our results show that, during the pandemic, the general population had a higher prevalence of mental disorders. In addition, anxiety was the most prevalent of the dependent variables. Special attention should be paid to the factors influencing the development of mental disorders and mental health prevention and promotion programs should be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Pierre Zila-Velasque
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, Pasco 19001, Peru
- Red Latinoamericana de Medicina en la Altitud e Investigación (REDLAMAI), Pasco 19001, Peru
| | - Pamela Grados-Espinoza
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, Pasco 19001, Peru
- Red Latinoamericana de Medicina en la Altitud e Investigación (REDLAMAI), Pasco 19001, Peru
| | - Naomi Coba-Villan
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca, Cajamarca 06001, Peru
| | | | - Yesenia F. Taipe-Guillén
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional San Cristóbal de Huamanga, Ayacucho 05003, Peru
| | - Estefany Pacheco
- Escuela de Medicina Humana, Universidad Continental, Junin 12000, Peru
| | - Laura Ccasa-Valero
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Puno 21001, Peru
| | - Virgilio E. Failoc-Rojas
- Unidad de Generación y Síntesis de Evidencia, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima 15024, Peru
| | - Cristian Díaz-Vélez
- School of Medicine, Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Trujillo 13008, Peru
- Oficina de Inteligencia Sanitaria, Hospital Nacional Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo, EsSalud, Chiclayo 14001, Peru
| | - Mario J. Valladares-Garrido
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima 15046, Peru
- Oficina de Epidemiología, Hospital Regional Lambayeque, Chiclayo 14012, Peru
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22
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Mistry SK, Ali ARMM, Yadav UN, Das S, Akter N, Huda MN, Hadisuyatmana S, Rahman S, Lim D, Rahman MM. COVID-19 related anxiety and its associated factors: a cross-sectional study on older adults in Bangladesh. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:737. [PMID: 36443729 PMCID: PMC9702614 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04403-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in serious mental health conditions, particularly among older adults. This research explored the prevalence of COVID-19-related anxiety and its associated factors among older adults residing in Bangladesh. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,045 older Bangladeshi adults aged ≥ 60 years through telephone interviews in September 2021. A semi-structured interview schedule was used to collect data on participants' characteristics and COVID-19-related anxiety. The anxiety level was measured using the Bengali version of the five-point Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS). A linear regression model explored the factors associated with COVID-19-related anxiety. RESULTS Overall, the prevalence of COVID-19-related anxiety was 23.2%. The regression analysis revealed that the average COVID-19-related anxiety score was significantly higher among females (β: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.81), and among those who faced difficulty getting medicine (β: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.97), felt isolated (β: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.24 to 0.95), and felt requiring additional care during the pandemic (β: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.91). Alternatively, the average COVID-19-related anxiety score was significantly lower among those who were widowed (β: -0.46, 95% CI: -0.87 to -0.04) and living distant from the health centre (β: -0.48, 95% CI: -0.79 to -0.17). CONCLUSION The findings of the present study suggest providing immediate psychosocial support package to the older adults, particularly females and those who are vulnerable to receive health and social care support during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- ARCED Foundation, 13/1 Pallabi, Mirpur-12, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh. .,Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia. .,Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
| | - ARM Mehrab Ali
- ARCED Foundation, 13/1 Pallabi, Mirpur-12, Dhaka, 1216 Bangladesh
| | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia ,grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT Australia
| | - Sukanta Das
- grid.443106.40000 0004 4684 0312Department of Statistics, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, Bangladesh
| | - Nahida Akter
- grid.414142.60000 0004 0600 7174 Maternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Nazmul Huda
- ARCED Foundation, 13/1 Pallabi, Mirpur-12, Dhaka, 1216 Bangladesh ,grid.1029.a0000 0000 9939 5719 School of Medicine, Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbeltown, NSW Australia
| | - Setho Hadisuyatmana
- grid.440745.60000 0001 0152 762XThe Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115 Indonesia
| | - Sajedur Rahman
- grid.492922.6Save the Children in Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - David Lim
- grid.1029.a0000 0000 9939 5719 School of Medicine, Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbeltown, NSW Australia ,grid.1029.a0000 0000 9939 5719School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbeltown, NSW Australia
| | - Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- grid.8198.80000 0001 1498 6059Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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23
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McGowan VJ, Bambra C. COVID-19 mortality and deprivation: pandemic, syndemic, and endemic health inequalities. Lancet Public Health 2022; 7:e966-e975. [PMID: 36334610 PMCID: PMC9629845 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(22)00223-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 has exacerbated endemic health inequalities resulting in a syndemic pandemic of higher mortality and morbidity rates among the most socially disadvantaged. We did a scoping review to identify and synthesise published evidence on geographical inequalities in COVID-19 mortality rates globally. We included peer-reviewed studies, from any country, written in English that showed any area-level (eg, neighbourhood, town, city, municipality, or region) inequalities in mortality by socioeconomic deprivation (ie, measured via indices of multiple deprivation: the percentage of people living in poverty or proxy factors including the Gini coefficient, employment rates, or housing tenure). 95 papers from five WHO global regions were included in the final synthesis. A large majority of the studies (n=86) found that COVID-19 mortality rates were higher in areas of socioeconomic disadvantage than in affluent areas. The subsequent discussion reflects on how the unequal nature of the pandemic has resulted from a syndemic of COVID-19 and endemic inequalities in chronic disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria J McGowan
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Fuse-The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Clare Bambra
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Fuse-The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
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24
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Siddhpuria S, Webber C, Mahar AL, Hallet J, Rochon PA, Reppas‐Rindlisbacher C. Predictors of persistent depressive and anxiety symptoms among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada. J Am Geriatr Soc 2022; 71:553-560. [PMID: 36222188 PMCID: PMC9874605 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.18087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the risk of psychological distress for older adults during a period of reduced access to mental health support. We identified predictors of persistent depressive and anxiety symptoms among older adults throughout the initial 9 months of the pandemic. METHODS This was a longitudinal study using web-based surveys sent to a convenience sample of Canadians aged ≥55 years. A baseline survey was sent in May 2020, with eight surveys sent monthly between June 2020 and January 2021. Data were separated into three study periods, corresponding to coronavirus case rates. Respondents who met predetermined thresholds for elevated depressive or anxiety symptoms using standardized mental health scales during all three periods were defined as having persistent symptoms. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to compare the risk of persistent symptoms across respondent characteristics selected a priori. RESULTS There were 835 respondents who answered questions about depressive symptoms and 865 who answered questions about anxiety symptoms across all three study periods. Among those with complete follow-up data, 19.2% (n = 159/827) reported persistent depressive symptoms and 16.4% (n = 140/856) reported persistent anxiety symptoms. Respondents with persistent depressive symptoms were more likely to be women (adjusted relative risk [aRR] 1.71; 95% CI 1.19-2.46), and report multimorbidity (aRR 1.45; 95% CI 1.07-1.97), pre-existing depression (aRR 2.00; 95% CI 1.45-2.77) and pre-existing anxiety (aRR 1.50; 95% CI 1.10-2.06). The same respondent characteristics were correlates of persistently elevated anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Older women, older adults with pre-existing depression and anxiety, and those with multimorbidity were more likely to report persistent mental health symptoms during the first 9 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. These individuals were known to have elevated risk prior to the pandemic, and expanded interventions targeted to these groups are necessary to adequately address their mental health needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailee Siddhpuria
- Undergraduate Education, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Colleen Webber
- Ottawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada,Bruyère Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Alyson L. Mahar
- Department of Community Health SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Julie Hallet
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Paula A. Rochon
- Women's Age LabWomen's College Research Institute, Women's College HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada,Institute of Health Policy Management and EvaluationUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Christina Reppas‐Rindlisbacher
- Women's Age LabWomen's College Research Institute, Women's College HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada,Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
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25
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Kim S, Hwang J. Examining Risk Factors for Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic—Focusing on Older Adults in South Korea. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604487. [PMID: 35814736 PMCID: PMC9265210 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Mental health is the cornerstone of public health, particularly for older adults. There is a clear need to examine the impact of COVID-19 on mental health among older adults in South Korea, where the incidence of COVID-19 was relatively low and widespread transmission was controlled without a national lockdown. Methods: This analysis included a total of 1917 participants from the Experience Survey on Healthcare Use of Older Adults, which was conducted for adults aged 65 years or older by face-to-face interview. Results: The results showed that older adults with a good understanding of COVID-19 public health measures were less likely to experience mental health problems. In contrast, those with a greater risk perception of contracting COVID-19 had higher odds of experiencing tension and anxiety in addition to sadness and depression. Older adults who had a greater fear of COVID-19 and perceived higher-risk of contracting COVID-19 experienced more sleep problems. Conclusion: The findings provide new evidence on the factors that influence the mental health of older adults in South Korea during the pandemic and suggest the development of policy interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Kim
- Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Jongnam Hwang
- Division of Social Welfare and Health Administration, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jongnam Hwang,
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26
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Abstract
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, a global pandemic. This pandemic disrupted health care for patients and providers. Uncertainty about COVID-19 played a significant role in the negative mental health impact in older adults. The effect of increasing age on morbidity and mortality in those who came down with COVID-19 has been substantial. The pandemic took a tremendous toll on the mental and physical health of older adults in general with even more severe consequences in more disadvantaged populations within the group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azziza Bankole
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Carilion Center for Healthy Aging, 2001 Crystal Spring Avenue, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA.
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27
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Zhang L, Tao Y, Hou W, Niu H, Ma Z, Zheng Z, Wang S, Zhang S, Lv Y, Li Q, Liu X. Seeking bridge symptoms of anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance among the elderly during the lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic-A network approach. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:919251. [PMID: 35990065 PMCID: PMC9381922 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.919251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Besides physical changes, elderly adults are prone to have mental disorders such as anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance, and the pandemic of COVID-19 worsened the situation. However, internal relationships and co-occurrence of psychopathologies were scarcely examined. Therefore, in the current study, through network analysis, we inspected relationships among symptoms of depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance and identified key symptoms that espoused the disease. METHODS We asked 1,302 elderly adults to fill in Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (depressive symptoms), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 (anxiety symptoms), and the Youth Self-rating Insomnia Scale (sleep disturbance) and then constructed three networks for elderly adults, male elderly, and female elderly. Via network analysis, we accomplished four goals. First, we identified symptom with the highest centrality (i.e., strength) index for each network; then, we found the strongest correlation (i.e., edges) in each network; thirdly, we confirmed specific nodes that could bridge anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance; the last was to compare networks based on genders. Network stability and accuracy tests were performed. RESULTS Networks of elderly adults, male elderly, and female elderly were stable, accurate, and intelligible. Among all networks, "Nervousness"- "Excessive worry" (GAD-1- GAD-2) had the strongest correlation, and "Nervousness" (GAD-1) had the highest strength and bridge strength value. When we made a comparison between female elderly's and male elderly's networks, except for the significant difference in the mean value of "Difficulty initiating sleep" (YSIS-3), the findings showed that the two networks were similar. Network stability and accuracy proved to be reliable. CONCLUSIONS In networks of anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance, anxiety played a conspicuous role in comorbidity, which could be a target for practical intervention and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- College Students' Mental Health Education Center, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yanqiang Tao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxin Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiqun Niu
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zijuan Ma
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeqing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shujian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yichao Lv
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiubai Li
- Political and Legal Committee of Xiangfang District, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangping Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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28
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Köverová M, Ráczová B, Kováčová Holevová B. Predictors of Anxiety, Stress, and Concern of COVID-19 Infection in Older Adults During the First and the Second Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Slovakia. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2021; 7:23337214211047642. [PMID: 34660848 PMCID: PMC8511907 DOI: 10.1177/23337214211047642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This cross-sectional online study examined the role of socio-demographic and psychological characteristics in predicting anxiety, stress, and concern of coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in older adults during the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Slovakia. METHODS Six hundred and seven older adults (Sample 1) and 156 older adults (Sample 2) participated in the study during the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. The older adults completed a battery of validated instruments for anxiety, stress, concern of COVID-19 infection (outcome variables), satisfaction with health, perceived danger of COVID-19, loneliness, intolerance of uncertainty (IU), optimism, powerlessness, and coping self-efficacy (predictor variables). The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. RESULTS The older adults in both samples experienced moderate levels of anxiety, stress, and concern of COVID-19 infection. The greatest amount of variability in anxiety and stress was explained by powerlessness, IU, optimism, and coping self-efficacy. Concern of COVID-19 infection was best predicted by the perceived danger of COVID-19. CONCLUSION The findings contribute to the existing knowledge about the mental health of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and highlight the role of the psychological predictors of anxiety, stress, and concern of COVID-19 infection during both waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Köverová
- Faculty of Arts, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Beáta Ráczová
- Faculty of Arts, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
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29
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Caycho-Rodríguez T, Tomás JM, Vilca LW, García CH, Rojas-Jara C, White M, Peña-Calero BN. Predictors of mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in older adults: the role of socio-demographic variables and COVID-19 anxiety. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2021; 27:453-465. [PMID: 34157907 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2021.1944655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate factors related to the mental health of Peruvian older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study had a cross-sectional and observational design. A total of 274 older adults in Lima, Peru (Mage = 67.86) filled out a sociodemographic survey, the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, Mental Health Inventory-5, Patient Health Questionnaire-2 item, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale. A Structural Equation Model (SEM) was estimated to test an a priori model that relates the sociodemographic variables, COVID-19 Anxiety, psychological well-being, anxiety and depression. The model fit indices indicated a good fit to the data. The socio-demographic variables explained 23.8% of the variance of the COVID-19 Anxiety (R2 = .238). Socio-demographic variables explained 50.5% of psychological well-being variance, 52% of anxiety and 46.9% of depression. Also, sex, work; being diagnosed with COVID-19; family member with COVID-19 diagnosis; and time of exposure to COVID-19 information had statistically significant effects psychological well-being, anxiety and depression. In conclusion, some sociodemographic characteristics and COVID-19 anxiety affect the psychological well-being, anxiety and depression. The findings may allow for a better understanding of the mental health of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and guide government responses to detect, anticipate and minimize its impact on the mental health of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José M Tomás
- Department of Methodology for the Behavioral Sciences, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España
| | - Lindsey W Vilca
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Perú
| | - Cirilo H García
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, México
| | - Claudio Rojas-Jara
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Michael White
- Dirección General de Investigación, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| | - Brian Norman Peña-Calero
- Grupo de Estudios Avances en Medición Psicológica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú
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