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López-Atanes M, Sáenz-Herrero M, Zach N, Lakeberg M, Ugedo A, Fraile-García E, Erkoreka L, Segarra R, Schäfer I, Brand T. Gender sensitivity of the COVID-19 mental health research in Europe: a scoping review. Int J Equity Health 2024; 23:207. [PMID: 39385280 PMCID: PMC11465889 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-024-02286-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The integration of sex and gender aspects into the research process has been recognized as crucial to the generation of valid data. During the coronavirus pandemic, a great deal of research addressed the mental state of hospital staff, as they constituted a population at risk for infection and distress. However, it is still unknown how the gender dimension was included. We aimed to appraise and measure qualitatively the extent of gender sensitivity. METHODS In this scoping review, we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL PsycINFO and Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) from database inception to November 11, 2021. All quantitative studies with primary data published in English, German, or Spanish and based in the European Union were selected. Included studies had to have assessed the mental health of hospital staff using validated psychometric scales for depression, anxiety, PTSD symptoms, distress, suicidal behavior, insomnia, substance abuse or aggressive behavior. Two independent reviewers applied eligibility criteria to each title/abstract reviewed, to the full text of the article, and performed the data extraction. A gender sensitivity assessment tool was developed and validated, consisting of 18 items followed by a final qualitative assessment. Two independent reviewers assessed the gender dimension of each included article. RESULTS Three thousand one hundred twelve studies were identified, of which 72 were included in the analysis. The most common design was cross-sectional (75.0%) and most of them were conducted in Italy (31.9%). Among the results, only one study assessed suicidal behaviors and none substance abuse disorders or aggressive behaviors. Sex and gender were used erroneously in 83.3% of the studies, and only one study described how the gender of the participants was determined. Most articles (71.8%) did not include sex/gender in the literature review and did not discuss sex/gender-related findings with a gender theoretical background (86.1%). In the analysis, 37.5% provided sex/gender disaggregated data, but only 3 studies performed advanced modeling statistics, such as interaction analysis. In the overall assessment, 3 papers were rated as good in terms of gender sensitivity, and the rest as fair (16.7%) and poor (79.2%). Three papers were identified in which gender stereotypes were present in explaining the results. None of the papers analyzed the results of non-binary individuals. CONCLUSIONS Studies on the mental health of hospital staff during the pandemic did not adequately integrate the gender dimension, despite the institutional commitment of the European Union and the gendered effect of the pandemic. In the development of future mental health interventions for this population, the use and generalizability of current evidence should be done cautiously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayte López-Atanes
- Center for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy of the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.
| | - Margarita Sáenz-Herrero
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
- Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Nele Zach
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Meret Lakeberg
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Asier Ugedo
- Psychiatry Service, Barrualde Galdakao Integratet Health Organization, Galdakao, Spain
| | | | - Leire Erkoreka
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Psychiatry Service, Barrualde Galdakao Integratet Health Organization, Galdakao, Spain
- CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Segarra
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
- Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ingo Schäfer
- Center for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy of the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tilman Brand
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
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Gan RK, Arcos González P, Fernandez-Tardon G, Zerbo A, Calota VC, Klöslová Z, Otelea MR, Fabiánová E, Rodriguez-Suarez MM, Tardon A. Development, validation, and accuracy of ORCHESTRA emotional exhaustion screening questionnaire among healthcare workers during COVID-19 Pandemic. Br J Health Psychol 2024; 29:430-453. [PMID: 37957891 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has posed unprecedented challenges, particularly for healthcare workers (HCWs). The prolonged struggles exposed the HCWs to a variety of stressors, potentially leading to burnout. Emotional exhaustion is widely recognized as the core component of burnout. This research aims to conceptualize and develop an emotional exhaustion screening questionnaire through literature review, validation, and accuracy testing. METHOD A literature review of questionnaires and extraction of items on emotional exhaustion were performed in June 2022. We proceed with the face validity of the items by experts. The items with good content validity ratio and index were selected and reworded to suit the context of HCWs working during the COVID-19 pandemic. A pilot test of the questionnaire was done in the Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA) from October to December 2022 with a sample of 148 HCWs from the ORCHESTRA cohort to determine its reliability, convergent validity, and accuracy. RESULTS Our literature review identified 15 validated questionnaires. After exclusion, 32 items were sent for content validation by experts, yielding five final items that proceeded with the pilot test. Resulting in a Cronbach's alpha-coefficient of .83 for the scale and .78 for dichotomous responses, demonstrating good internal consistency and convergent validity. The result of our accuracy test yielded sensitivity (90.6%) and specificity (91.6%) for the OEEQ scale; and sensitivity (88.7%) and specificity (89.5%) for OEEQ dichotomous responses. CONCLUSION This study developed and validated the ORCHESTRA Emotional Exhaustion Questionnaire, demonstrating the questionnaire's clarity, relevance, and comprehensibility in screening emotional exhaustion among HCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Kye Gan
- Public Health Department, Unit for Research in Emergency and Disaster, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pedro Arcos González
- Public Health Department, Unit for Research in Emergency and Disaster, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Guillermo Fernandez-Tardon
- Public Health Department, Health Research Institute of Investigation (ISPA) and CIBERESP, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alexandre Zerbo
- Public Health Department, Unit for Research in Emergency and Disaster, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Violeta Claudia Calota
- Occupational Health and Toxicology Department, National Institute of Public Health, National Center for Environmental Risk Monitoring, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Zuzana Klöslová
- Department of Occupational Health, The Regional Authority of Public Health in Banská Bystrica, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Marina Ruxandra Otelea
- Occupational Medicine Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Eleonóra Fabiánová
- Department of Occupational Health, The Regional Authority of Public Health in Banská Bystrica, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Marta-Maria Rodriguez-Suarez
- Public Health Department, Health Research Institute of Investigation (ISPA) and CIBERESP, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Adonina Tardon
- Public Health Department, Health Research Institute of Investigation (ISPA) and CIBERESP, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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Scoditti E, Bodini A, Sabina S, Leo CG, Mincarone P, Rissotto A, Fusco S, Guarino R, Ponzini G, Tumolo MR, Magnavita N, Tripepi GL, Garbarino S. Effects of working from home on lifestyle behaviors and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A survey study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300812. [PMID: 38558099 PMCID: PMC10984516 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak has led to relevant changes in everyday life worldwide. One of these changes has been a rapid transition to and an increasing implementation of working from home (WH) modality. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of mandatory WH during the COVID-19 pandemic on lifestyle behaviors, Mediterranean diet adherence, body weight, and depression. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted in the early 2022 at the National Research Council of Italy using ad hoc questions and validated scales collecting information on physical activity, sedentary behavior, hobbies/pastimes, dietary habits including adherence to the Mediterranean diet, body weight, and depression during WH compared with before WH. 748 respondents were included in the study. An increased sedentary lifetime was reported by 48% of respondents; however, the subsample of workers who previously performed moderate physical activity intensified this activity. Body weight gain during WH was self-reported in 39.9% of respondents. Mediterranean diet adherence increased (p≪0.001) during WH compared with before WH. The average level of mental health did not record an overall variation; however, the proportion of subjects with mild and moderate depression increased (p = 0.006), while workers who reported values indicative of depression before the transition declared an improvement. These findings highlight health-related impact of WH during the COVID-19 pandemic that may inform future strategies and policies to improve employees' health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egeria Scoditti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonella Bodini
- Institute for Applied Mathematics and Information Technologies "E. Magenes" (IMATI), National Research Council (CNR), Milano, Italy
| | - Saverio Sabina
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), Lecce, Italy
| | - Carlo Giacomo Leo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), Lecce, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Mincarone
- Institute for Research on Population and Social Policies (IRPPS), National Research Council (CNR), Research Unit of Brindisi, Brindisi, Italy
| | | | - Stanislao Fusco
- Training and Welfare Unit, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Guarino
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), Lecce, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ponzini
- Institute for Research on Population and Social Policies (IRPPS), National Research Council (CNR), Research Unit of Brindisi, Brindisi, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Tumolo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technology (DISTEBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Nicola Magnavita
- Post-graduate School of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Luigi Tripepi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Sergio Garbarino
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal/Child Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Martín J, Padierna Á, Villanueva A, Quintana JM. Caring for patients in the Covid era: Are the quality of life the same for doctors and nursing staff? Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2024; 49:126-132. [PMID: 38734448 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2024.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Covid-19 pandemic has represented one of the most stressful events of recent times and has placed enormous psychological pressure on doctors and nurses. AIMS The objective of this work is to evaluate the psychological impact of the Covid-19 outbreak on Spanish nurses and doctors, and to identify factors related to their mental health. METHODS The study is a descriptive study and examined 812 doctors and 768 nurses. The dependent variables were health-related quality of life, anxiety, depression, perceived stress and insomnia. Participants completed the Health-related Quality of Life-Questionnaire, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item-Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Impact Event Scale-Revised, and the Insomnia Severity Index. Sociodemographic and Covid-related data were also recorded. Descriptive statistics, univariable analysis and multivariable linear regression models were used. RESULTS A greater proportion of nurses than doctors suffered clinical anxiety, depression and insomnia (56.84 % vs 45.81 p-value<0.0001, 64.67 % vs 53.39 p-value<0.0001, and 23.04 % vs 18.02 p-value 0.01, respectively). Although in our study nurses were more likely to suffer clinical anxiety, stress and insomnia than doctors, our results nevertheless showed that there were no differences in terms of quality of life. Different factors related to mental health were identified for doctors and nurses. Nurses working in care homes or geriatric services (OR = 4.13, IC95% 1.71-9.99, p-value 0.002), and in services with greatest contact with Covid-19 patients (OR = 1.71,IC95% 1.10-2.68, p-value 0.02) were more likely to suffer depression. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms that doctors and nurses are at high risk of clinical anxiety, depression, stress or insomnia during the Covid-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josune Martín
- Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Research Unit, Galdakao-Usansolo Hospital, Barrio Labeaga s/n, Galdakao 48960, Bizkaia, Spain; Biosistemak Institute for Health Systems Research, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain; Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Prevention and Health Promotion- RICAPPS, Galdakao 48960, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Ángel Padierna
- Department of Psychiatry, Galdakao-Usansolo Hospital, Barrio Labeaga s/n, Galdakao 48960, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ane Villanueva
- Research Unit, Galdakao-Usansolo Hospital, Barrio Labeaga s/n, Galdakao 48960, Bizkaia, Spain; Biosistemak Institute for Health Systems Research, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain; Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Prevention and Health Promotion- RICAPPS, Galdakao 48960, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - José M Quintana
- Research Unit, Galdakao-Usansolo Hospital, Barrio Labeaga s/n, Galdakao 48960, Bizkaia, Spain; Biosistemak Institute for Health Systems Research, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain; Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Prevention and Health Promotion- RICAPPS, Galdakao 48960, Bizkaia, Spain
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de Vries N, Maniscalco L, Matranga D, Bouman J, de Winter JP. Determinants of intention to leave among nurses and physicians in a hospital setting during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300377. [PMID: 38484008 PMCID: PMC10939201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global outbreak of COVID-19 has brought to light the profound impact that large-scale disease outbreaks can have on healthcare systems and the dedicated professionals who serve within them. It becomes increasingly important to explore strategies for retaining nurses and physicians within hospital settings during such challenging times. This paper aims to investigate the determinants of retention among nurses and physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD A systematic review of other potential determinants impacting retention rates during the pandemic was carried out. Secondly, a meta-analysis on the prevalence of intention to leave for nurses and physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic. FINDINGS A comprehensive search was performed within four electronic databases on March 17 2023. Fifty-five papers were included in the systematic review, whereas thirty-three papers fulfilled the eligibility criteria for the meta-analysis. The systematic review resulted in six themes of determinants impacting intention to leave: personal characteristics, job demands, employment services, working conditions, work relationships, and organisational culture. The main determinants impacting the intention to leave are the fear of COVID-19, age, experience, burnout symptoms and support. Meta-analysis showed a prevalence of intent to leave the current job of 38% for nurses (95% CI: 26%-51%) and 29% for physicians (95% CI: 21%-39%), whereas intention to leave the profession for nurses 28% (95% CI: 21%-34%) and 24% for physicians (95% CI: 23%-25%). CONCLUSION The findings of this paper showed the critical need for hospital managers to address the concerning increase in nurses' and physicians' intentions to leave during the COVID-19 pandemic. This intention to leave is affected by a complex conjunction of multiple determinants, including the fear of COVID-19 and the confidence in and availability of personal protective equipment. Moreover, individual factors like age, experience, burnout symptoms, and support are maintained in this review. Understanding the influence of determinants on retention during the COVID-19 pandemic offers an opportunity to formulate prospective strategies for retaining nurses and physicians within hospital settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeltje de Vries
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem and Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
- Spaarne Gasthuis Academy, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem and Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Maniscalco
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, “G. D’Alessandro” (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenica Matranga
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, “G. D’Alessandro” (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - José Bouman
- Spaarne Gasthuis Academy, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem and Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
| | - J Peter de Winter
- Spaarne Gasthuis Academy, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem and Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
- Department of Paediatrics, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem and Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
- Leuven Child and Health Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Guastello AD, Brunson JC, Sambuco N, Dale LP, Tracy NA, Allen BR, Mathews CA. Predictors of professional burnout and fulfilment in a longitudinal analysis on nurses and healthcare workers in the COVID-19 pandemic. J Clin Nurs 2024; 33:288-303. [PMID: 35949164 PMCID: PMC9538120 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES (1) To investigate the vulnerability of nurses to experiencing professional burnout and low fulfilment across 5 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. (2) To identify modifiable variables in hospital leadership and individual vulnerabilities that may mitigate these effects. BACKGROUND Nurses were at increased risk for burnout and low fulfilment prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Hospital leadership factors such as organisational structure and open communication and consideration of employee opinions are known to have positive impacts on work attitudes. Personal risk factors for burnout include symptoms of depression and anxiety. METHODS Healthcare workers (n = 406 at baseline, n = 234 longitudinal), including doctors (n = 102), nurses (n = 94), technicians (n = 90) and non-clinical administrative staff (n = 120), completed 5 online questionnaires, once per month, for 5 months. Participants completed self-report questionnaires on professional fulfilment and burnout, perceptions of healthcare leadership, and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Participants were recruited from various healthcare settings in the southeastern United States. The STROBE checklist was used to report the present study. RESULTS Both at baseline and across the 5 months, nurses working during the COVID-19 pandemic reported increased burnout and decreased fulfilment relative to doctors. For all participants, burnout remained largely steady and fulfilment decreased slightly. The strongest predictors of both burnout and fulfilment were organisational structure and depressive symptoms. Leadership consideration and anxiety symptoms had smaller, yet significant, relationships to burnout and fulfilment in longitudinal analyses. CONCLUSIONS Burnout and reduced fulfilment remain a problem for healthcare workers, especially nurses. Leadership styles and employee symptoms of depression and anxiety are appropriate targets for intervention. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Leadership wishing to reduce burnout and increase fulfilment among employees should increase levels of organisational support and consideration and expand supports to employees seeking treatment for depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea D. Guastello
- Department of PsychiatryCollege of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Univeristy of Florida, Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain InstituteGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- UF Center for OCD, Anxiety, and Related DisordersUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Jason Cory Brunson
- Laboratory for Systems MedicineCollege of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Nicola Sambuco
- Univeristy of Florida, Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain InstituteGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- UF Center for OCD, Anxiety, and Related DisordersUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Department of Clinical and Health PsychologyCollege of Public Health and Health Professions, University of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Lourdes P. Dale
- Department of PsychiatryCollege of Medicine‐Jacksonville, University of FloridaJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Natasha A. Tracy
- Department of PsychiatryCollege of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Univeristy of Florida, Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain InstituteGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- UF Center for OCD, Anxiety, and Related DisordersUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Brandon R. Allen
- Department of Emergency MedicineCollege of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Carol A. Mathews
- Department of PsychiatryCollege of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Univeristy of Florida, Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain InstituteGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- UF Center for OCD, Anxiety, and Related DisordersUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
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Doleman G, De Leo A, Bloxsome D. The impact of pandemics on healthcare providers' workloads: A scoping review. J Adv Nurs 2023; 79:4434-4454. [PMID: 37203285 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To review and synthesize available evidence exploring the impact of pandemics on direct healthcare providers' workloads in the acute care setting. DESIGN Scoping review. DATA SOURCES A review of English research articles published up to August 2022 that examined the impact of pandemics on healthcare providers' workloads was undertaken. Studies were identified by searching four electronic databases: Medline (EBSCO), CINAHL (EBSCO), Web of Science and PsychInfo (EBSCO). Fifty-five studies met the inclusion criteria. REVIEW METHODS The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Scoping Review checklist. RESULTS Healthcare workers experience an increase in workload pressures during a pandemic. This included patients requiring more care, undertaking non-normal work activities, increase in work content including changes to documentation, increase in demand and skills required, an increase in overtime and hours of work per week and higher patient-to-nurse ratios. The review also highlighted changes to the work environment and worsened work environments, including staffing shortages. CONCLUSION Focused efforts from health organizations to prioritize supportive conditions, policies focused on improved work environments, staffing adequacy and fair and reasonable workloads will enhance retention of the current workforce and future planning for pandemics. IMPACT Understanding workload challenges faced by frontline health professionals during the pandemic can improve planning, including policies and procedures, and resource allocation for future pandemic or emergency situations. In addition, extended periods of high workloads can impact staff retention. As many countries return to life after COVID-19, it is important that healthcare organizations examine staff pressures and identify ways to support staff moving forward. This will be vital for the future sustainability of the workforce. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION No patient or public contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Doleman
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Nursing Research, Sir Charles Gardiner Osbourne Park Healthcare Group, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Annemarie De Leo
- School of Medical Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dianne Bloxsome
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Nigam JAS, Barker RM, Cunningham TR, Swanson NG, Chosewood LC. Vital Signs: Health Worker-Perceived Working Conditions and Symptoms of Poor Mental Health - Quality of Worklife Survey, United States, 2018-2022. MMWR. MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT 2023; 72:1197-1205. [PMID: 37917563 PMCID: PMC10629752 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7244e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Health workers faced overwhelming demands and experienced crisis levels of burnout before the COVID-19 pandemic; the pandemic presented unique challenges that further impaired their mental health. Methods Data from the General Social Survey Quality of Worklife Module were analyzed to compare self-reported mental health symptoms among U.S. adult workers from 2018 (1,443 respondents, including 226 health workers) and 2022 (1,952, including 325 health workers). Logistic regression was used to examine associations between health workers' reported perceptions of working conditions and anxiety, depression, and burnout. Results From 2018 to 2022, health workers reported an increase of 1.2 days of poor mental health during the previous 30 days (from 3.3 days to 4.5 days); the percentage who reported feeling burnout very often (11.6% to 19.0%) increased. In 2022, health workers experienced a decrease in odds of burnout if they trusted management (odds ratio [OR] = 0.40), had supervisor help (OR = 0.26), had enough time to complete work (OR = 0.33), and felt that their workplace supported productivity (OR = 0.38), compared with those who did not. Harassment at work was associated with increased odds of anxiety (OR = 5.01), depression (OR = 3.38), and burnout (OR = 5.83). Conclusions and implications for public health practice Health workers continued to face a mental health crisis in 2022. Positive working conditions were associated with less burnout and better mental health. CDC's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has developed a national campaign, Impact Wellbeing, to provide employers of health workers with resources to improve the mental health of these workers.
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Morawa E, Adler W, Schug C, Geiser F, Beschoner P, Jerg-Bretzke L, Albus C, Weidner K, Baranowski AM, Erim Y. Depressive and anxiety symptoms in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic among physicians in hospitals: results of the longitudinal, multicenter VOICE-EgePan survey over two years. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:327. [PMID: 37817222 PMCID: PMC10566070 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01354-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This longitudinal, multicenter web-based study explored the trajectories of depressive and anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic among physicians over two years. METHODS At four measurement points between 4/2020 and 5/2022 depressive (Patient Health Questionnaire-2, PHQ-2) and anxiety symptoms (Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-2, GAD-2) among physicians in German hospitals were assessed. Time, gender and age effects were analyzed with linear mixed regression models. Comparisons with norm values for the German population during the COVID-19 pandemic were also performed and frequencies of probable depression and anxiety are reported. RESULTS The physicians (N = 340) showed a significant increase of depressive symptoms from T1 (M = 1.35, SD = 1.33) to T4 (M = 1.64, SD = 1.34) (p < .001) and of anxiety symptoms from T1 (M = 1.35, SD = 1.42) to T2 (M = 1.59, SD = 1.43) (p = .024). The main effect of gender was only significant for anxiety symptoms (p = .001): women demonstrated higher scores than men. A significant age class difference was observed only for depressive symptoms: the youngest age group (18-40 years) revealed higher values than the oldest group (> 50 years, p = .003). As compared to the general population, the physicians reported significantly elevated PHQ-2 (T1: M = 1.35, SD = 1.33; T2: M = 1.53, SD = 1.37; T3: M = 1.55, SD = 1.40; T4: M = 1.64, SD = 1.34) and GAD-2 scores (T1: M = 1.35, SD = 1.42; T2: M = 1.59, SD = 1.43; T3: M = 1.61, SD = 1.57; T4: M = 1.49, SD = 1.46) for all measurement points (all p < .001). The frequencies of probable depression (PHQ-2 ≥ 3) and anxiety (GAD-2 ≥ 3) were: 14.1% and 17.0% (T1), 16.5% and 21.9% (T2), 17.8% and 22.6% (T3) and 18.5% and 17.3% (T4), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Mental distress of physicians in German hospitals has increased in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic with gender and age-related differences. Possible causes should be explored and regular monitoring of mental health and prevention programmes for physicians should be established. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered on ClinicalTrials (DRKS-ID: DRKS00021268) on 9.4.2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Morawa
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen, 91054, Germany.
| | - Werner Adler
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Caterina Schug
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Franziska Geiser
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Clinic of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Petra Beschoner
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lucia Jerg-Bretzke
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian Albus
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kerstin Weidner
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas M Baranowski
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Clinic of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yesim Erim
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
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Cermakova P, Fryčová B, Novák D, Kuklová M, Wolfová K, Kučera M, Janoušková M, Pekara J, Šeblová J, Seblova D. Depression in healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic: results from Czech arm of HEROES Study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12430. [PMID: 37528158 PMCID: PMC10394070 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39735-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic due to COVID-19 brought new risks for depression of health care workers, which may have differently influenced men and women. We aimed to investigate (1) whether health care workers in Czechia experienced an increase in depression during the COVID-19 pandemic, (2) which factors contributed the most to this change, and (3) whether the magnitude of the associations differed by gender. We studied 2564 participants of the Czech arm of the international COVID-19 HEalth caRe wOrkErS (HEROES) Study. Online questionnaire was administered to health care workers in summer 2020 (wave 0) and spring 2021 (wave 1). Depression was defined by reaching 10 or more points on the Patient Health Questionnaire. Logistic regression investigated the association of participant´s characteristics with depression and multivariable decomposition for non-linear models assessed, to what extent the characteristic explained the change in depression occurrence. The prevalence of depression increased twice during the pandemic (11% in wave 0 and 22% in wave 1). Stress accounted for 50% of the difference, experience of death due to COVID-19 for 15% and contact with COVID-19 patients for 14%. Greater resilience and sufficient personal protective equipment were strongly associated with lower occurrence of depression. The protective association of resilience with depression was stronger in men than in women. We conclude that interventions to promote mental health of health care workers in future health crisis should aim at decreasing stress and enhancing resilience. They should be delivered especially to individuals who have contact with the affected patients and may face their death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Cermakova
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague 5, Czechia.
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.
| | - Barbora Fryčová
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague 5, Czechia
| | - David Novák
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague 5, Czechia
| | - Marie Kuklová
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague 5, Czechia
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
- Faculty of Science, Charles University Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Katrin Wolfová
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague 5, Czechia
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
| | - Matěj Kučera
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague 5, Czechia
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
- Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Miroslava Janoušková
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague 5, Czechia
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Jana Šeblová
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague 5, Czechia
- Paediatric Emergency Department, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Dominika Seblova
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague 5, Czechia
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Grünheid T, Hazem A. Mental wellbeing of frontline health workers post-pandemic: lessons learned and a way forward. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1204662. [PMID: 37404276 PMCID: PMC10315458 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1204662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the state of mental wellbeing among medical and dental frontline health workers as the COVID-19 pandemic transitions to an endemic phase and to determine what employer-provided intervention strategies these workers perceive as effective and desirable to improve their mental wellbeing. Methods An anonymous online survey distributed to frontline health workers in a hospitalist program of a tertiary care medical center and a university dental school in Minnesota in September 2022. The survey contained validated tools to measure depression severity, levels of perceived stress, and mental health status as well as questions to determine effective strategies to improve emotional wellbeing among these health workers. Data was evaluated on an aggregate level as well as stratified by level (e.g., physician, staff) and field (e.g., medicine, dentistry). Results On average, all groups of health workers suffered from moderate to moderately severe depression, had a much higher perceived stress level than average, and had a fair mental health status. There were no significant differences in depression severity, stress level, or mental health status among physicians, dentists, medical staff, and dental staff. The majority of the respondents perceived adjusted work hours, rewards and incentives, and teamwork as the most effective and desirable strategies to improve their mental wellbeing. Conclusion The current mental wellbeing of frontline health workers is poor. Many are dissatisfied with healthcare and consider leaving the industry. To improve their employees' mental wellbeing, healthcare employers might want to consider adjusted work hours, rewards, and teamwork as these intervention strategies are perceived as most effective and desirable by the intended recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Grünheid
- Division of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Ahmad Hazem
- Department of Hospitalist Medicine, Essentia Health, Duluth, MN, United States
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Fukushima H, Imai H, Miyakoshi C, Naito A, Otani K, Matsuishi K. The sustained psychological impact of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on hospital workers 2 years after the outbreak: a repeated cross-sectional study in Kobe. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:313. [PMID: 37143062 PMCID: PMC10157547 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04788-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare workers who are exposed to coronavirus disease 2019 are psychologically distressed. This study aimed to evaluate the mental health outcomes of hospital workers 2 years after the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 and to identify changes in the stress of hospital workers and predicted risk factors. METHODS This survey was conducted 2 years after the initial evaluation performed under the first emergency declaration of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic among hospital workers at the same hospital in an ordinance-designated city in Japan from June to July 2022. Sociodemographic data, 19 stress-related question responses, the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, and the Maslach burnout inventory-general survey were collected. Multiple regression models were used to identify factors associated with each of the mental health outcomes 2 years after the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak. RESULTS We received 719 valid responses. Between 2020 and 2022, hospital workers' anxiety about infection decreased, whereas their exhaustion and workload increased. Multiple regression analysis revealed that 2 years after the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak, nurses and young people were at a higher risk of experiencing stress and burnout due to emotional exhaustion, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to examine the long-term stress of hospital workers measured in Japan. Exhaustion and workload were worsened 2 years into the pandemic. Therefore, health and medical institutions should continuously monitor the physical and psychological health of staff members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Fukushima
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Hissei Imai
- Health Promotion and Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Ohashi Clinic, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chisato Miyakoshi
- Department of Research Support, Center for Clinical Research and Innovation, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Atsumi Naito
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kyohei Otani
- Department of Psychiatry, Kakogawa Central City Hospital, Kakogawa, Japan
| | - Kunitaka Matsuishi
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
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Workneh F, Worku A, Assefa N, Berhane Y. Change in depression during the COVID-19 pandemic among healthcare providers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15053. [PMID: 37065689 PMCID: PMC10100826 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has increased mental health problems among healthcare workers globally. However, studies from low- and middle-income countries on this matter were minimal. This study assessed the change in depression prevalence during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated factors among healthcare providers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods We conducted surveys among healthcare workers in Addis Ababa at two-time points, September 2020 and October 2021. A total of 577 study participants were randomly selected based on registers obtained from professional associations. Computer-assisted telephone interviewing technique was used for data collection. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to screen for depression. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify potential factors associated with depression. Result The prevalence of depression among healthcare workers was 2.3% (95% CI [1.1-4.8]) in Time 1 and 6.5% (95% CI [4.1-10.1]) in Time 2; nearly a three-fold increase in Time 2 compared to Time 1. The most frequently reported symptoms at both times based on the PHQ-9 item were having poor energy, sleep problem, and anhedonia, while reported suicidal ideation was less than 5%. Depression showed a positive and significant association with a positive COVID-19 test result (AOR 7.25 95% CI [1.32-39.4]) in Time 1, and with being a female healthcare provider (AOR 3.96 95% CI [1.08-14.51]) and lack of COVID-19 related policy or guidelines at the workplace (AOR 3.22 95% CI [1.11-9.35]) in Time 2. Conclusion The prevalence of depression among healthcare workers tripled during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Panic reaction to positive COVID-19 test result seems to have a negative effect at the beginning while lack of disease-specific prevention guidelines and comprehensive psychological interventions for healthcare providers had an adverse effect on the mental health of health workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firehiwot Workneh
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Alemayehu Worku
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Nega Assefa
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Yemane Berhane
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Lee BEC, Ling M, Boyd L, Olsson C, Sheen J. The prevalence of probable mental health disorders among hospital healthcare workers during COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2023; 330:329-345. [PMID: 36931567 PMCID: PMC10017178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic continue to be documented worldwide with systematic reviews playing a pivotal role. Here we present updated findings from our systematic review and meta-analysis on the mental health impacts among hospital healthcare workers during COVID-19. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase and Web Of Science Core Collection between 1st January 2000 to 17th February 2022 for studies using validated methods and reporting on the prevalence of diagnosed or probable mental health disorders in hospital healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. A meta-analysis of proportions and odds ratio was performed using a random effects model. Heterogeneity was investigated using test of subgroup differences and 95 % prediction intervals. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 401 studies, representing 458,754 participants across 58 countries. Pooled prevalence of depression was 28.5 % (95 % CI: 26.3-30.7), anxiety was 28.7 % (95 % CI: 26.5-31.0), PTSD was 25.5 % (95 % CI: 22.5-28.5), alcohol and substance use disorder was 25.3 % (95 % CI: 13.3-39.6) and insomnia was 24.4 % (95 % CI: 19.4-29.9). Prevalence rates were stratified by physicians, nurses, allied health, support staff and healthcare students, which varied considerably. There were significantly higher odds of probable mental health disorders in women, those working in high-risk units and those providing direct care. LIMITATIONS Majority of studies used self-report measures which reflected probable mental health disorders rather than actual diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS These updated findings have enhanced our understanding of at-risk groups working in hospitals. Targeted support and research towards these differences in mental health risks are recommended to mitigate any long-term consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mathew Ling
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia; Neami National, Preston, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Craig Olsson
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Jade Sheen
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
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Barshied CB, Russell C. Satisfaction, Stress, and Turnover: Comparing U.S. Intensivist Physicians Before and During the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Pandemic. Crit Care Explor 2023; 5:e0883. [PMID: 36910456 PMCID: PMC9997802 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate changes in work satisfaction, work-life balance (WLB) satisfaction, stress, and turnover intention among U.S. critical care physicians during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic of 2021-2022 compared with prepandemic levels in 2016. DESIGN A cross-sectional electronic survey. SETTING Critical care practices in the United States. SUBJECTS U.S. physician members of the Society for Critical Care Medicine. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS A total of 1,148 intensivists completed online surveys administered in two waves: in 2016 (693 respondents) and in the late 2021 to early 2022 (455 respondents). They reported demographic and practice characteristics, self-perceived levels of satisfaction, stress, health, and intention to leave their current job. U.S.-based critical care physicians in 2022 report significantly lower levels of job satisfaction compared with 2016. Frequency of work stress and turnover intention also increased, whereas WLB satisfaction has remained the same. Nearly two-thirds of intensivists wish they could work fewer hours, and this discontentment is correlated with decreased satisfaction, increased stress, and increased turnover, particularly in pandemic respondents. More than 25% of physicians rated their mental health as poor or fair, and 20% rated their physical health as poor or fair; these self-ratings correlated with decreased satisfaction and increased stress and turnover intention. CONCLUSIONS The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has further burdened an already-strained critical care workforce. During the pandemic, job satisfaction fell, work stress became more frequent, and turnover intention increased for critical care physicians. They also have consistently low rates of WLB satisfaction. Work hours matter the most for physician satisfaction, stress, and turnover intention, and the desire to work fewer hours is negatively related to all outcomes. Many critical care physicians reported poor mental and physical health during the pandemic, which is strongly and negatively related to all outcomes. These results emphasize the importance of prioritizing the working preferences and the self-care of intensivist physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cortessa Russell
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
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Mahlangu P, Sikweyiya Y, Gibbs A, Shai N, Machisa M. "I Carry the Trauma and Can Vividly Remember": Mental Health Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Frontline Health Care Workers in South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2365. [PMID: 36767735 PMCID: PMC9914980 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We know from research that pandemics and disease outbreaks expose HCWs to an increased risk of short and long-term psychosocial and occupational impacts. We conducted qualitative research among 44 frontline health care workers (FHCWs) practicing in seven South African hospitals and clinics. FHCWs were interviewed on their experiences of working during the first-wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and its perceived impact on their wellness. In this study, FHCWs included the non-medical and medical professionals in direct contact with COVID-19 patients, providing health care and treatment services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most of the FHCWs reported stressful and traumatic experiences relating to being exposed to a deadly virus and working in an emotionally taxing environment. They reported depression, anxiety, traumatic stress symptoms, demoralization, sleep difficulties, poor functioning, increased irritability and fear of being infected or dying from COVID-19. The mental health impacts of COVID-19 on HCWs were also associated with increased poor physical wellbeing, including fatigue, burnout, headache, and chest-pains. FHCWs reported professional commitment and their faith as critical intrinsic motivators that fostered adaptive coping while working on the frontline during the first-wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Many alluded to gaps in workplace psychosocial support which they perceived as crucial for coping mentally. The findings point to a need to prioritize interventions to promote mental wellness among FHCWs to ensure the delivery of quality healthcare to patients during pandemics or deadly disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinky Mahlangu
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Yandisa Sikweyiya
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Andrew Gibbs
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 4QG, UK
- Institute of Global Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Centre for Rural Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Nwabisa Shai
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Mercilene Machisa
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
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Magnavita N, Di Prinzio RR, Meraglia I, Vacca ME, Soave PM, Di Stasio E. Sleep in Residents: A Comparison between Anesthesiology and Occupational Medicine Interns. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2356. [PMID: 36767721 PMCID: PMC9915358 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation is a significant risk to the health and judgment of physicians. We wanted to investigate whether anesthesiology residents (ARs) who work only one night shift per week have different physical and mental health from occupational medicine residents (OMRs) who do not work at night. A total of 21 ARs and 16 OMRs attending a university general hospital were asked to wear an actigraph to record sleep duration, heart rate and step count and to complete a questionnaire for the assessment of sleep quality, sleepiness, fatigue, occupational stress, anxiety, depression and happiness. ARs had shorter sleep duration than OMRs; on average, they slept 1 h and 20 min less (p < 0.001). ARs also had greater daytime sleepiness, a higher heart rate and lower happiness than OMRs. These results should be interpreted with caution given the cross-sectional nature of the study and the small sample size, but they are an incentive to promote sleep hygiene among residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Magnavita
- Post-Graduate School of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Woman, Child & Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Reparata Rosa Di Prinzio
- Post-Graduate School of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Igor Meraglia
- Post-Graduate School of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Eugenia Vacca
- Post-Graduate School of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Maurizio Soave
- Post-Graduate School of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Emergency, Anesthesiology and Resuscitation Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Di Stasio
- Post-Graduate School of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Unity of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensive Care and Perioperative Clinics Research, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Russo G, Vargas MN, Santoro V, Oriani MG, Focosi A, Capecci I, Servillo G, De Simone S, Vargas M. Psychological Distress of Healthcare Workers in 4 Hospitals Compared to General Population During the First Italian Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic. INQUIRY : A JOURNAL OF MEDICAL CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION AND FINANCING 2023; 60:469580221146841. [PMID: 36704994 PMCID: PMC9892528 DOI: 10.1177/00469580221146841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 caused important consequences on public health, economy, physical, and mental health of people. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on frontline workers, comparing them with their colleagues who had no contact with the patients and with the general population, by administering an online questionnaire based on the Distress Questionnaire-5 (DQ5). The study was carried out during the first Italian wave of COVID-19 pandemic from 1st to 30th of April. Participants were divided in 3 groups: group 1 is general population group that includes the general population which are quarantined but not isolated, group health care staff not working in COVID-19 hospitals, and group 3 healthcare staff group working in COVID-19 hospitals. The survey was carried with the Distress Questionnaire-5 (DQ5) as a tool to detect the psychological distress and mental health problems. A total of 2983 people participated in this survey. Seven hundred and twenty four out of 1123 (64%) were employers of the 4 hospitals included in this study. Particularly among the respondents, 2259 (75.7%) were general population, 502 (16.8%) were health care staff not working in COVID-19 hospitals, while 222 (7.4%) were health care staff working in covid-19 hospitals. Health care personnel working in COVID-19 hospitals (DQ-5 = 13, 10-16) had less psychological distress compared with health care staff not working in COVID-19 hospitals (DQ-5 = 14, 11-16) and general population (DQ-5 = 14, 11-17; P = .04). The regression model showed that people aged 26 to 35 (OR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.21-3.48) and female (OR: 2.35, 95% CI: 1.95-2.83) were significantly at risk to develop a DQ-5 ≥ 11. During the first Italian wave of COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare personnel working in COVID-19 hospitals had less psychological distress compared with health care staff not working in COVID-19 hospitals and general population, probably because they were prepared to face situations like outbreak or emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Russo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Vittorio Santoro
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Giuseppe Servillo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania De Simone
- Department of Political Sciences, University of Naples Federico II Largo S. Marcellino, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Vargas
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy,Maria Vargas, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II,” Via Pansini, Naples 80100, Italy.
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He W, Ma P, Li X, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Comparison of peripheral blood T, B, and NK lymphocytes between frontline medical workers for treating patients of COVID-19 and normal outpatient and emergency medical workers in China. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1165614. [PMID: 37151983 PMCID: PMC10155498 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1165614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to significant mental stress for frontline medical workers treating patients with confirmed COVID-19 in China. Psychological stress has an impact on the immune system. The number and percentage of lymphocyte subsets are standard indicators of cellular immune detection. Here, we reported the differences in CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, and CD56 lymphocytes between 158 frontline medical workers and 24 controls from medical staffs of the outpatient and emergency departments. We found that frontline medical workers had significantly lower absolute values and percentages of CD19+ B cells, especially in the female and the aged ≥40 years subgroup. Stratification analysis showed that the absolute values of CD4+ T cells were significantly lower in the aged <40 years subgroup, while percentages of CD8+ T cells were lower and percentages of CD56+ NK cells were higher in the aged ≥40 years subgroup. In summary, this study suggests paying more attention to frontline medical workers' mental health and immune function, and properly providing them with psychological interventions and measures of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijian He
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- The Third Norman Bethune Clinical College of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Piyong Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiuying Li
- Scientific Research Center, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yucheng Zhang, ; Yali Wang,
| | - Yucheng Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yucheng Zhang, ; Yali Wang,
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Clark S, Loe E, Merlo LJ, Estores IM. Assessing Psychological Resilience and Distress Among Graduate Health Profession Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic. GLOBAL ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE AND HEALTH 2023; 12:27536130231185072. [PMID: 37377629 PMCID: PMC10291212 DOI: 10.1177/27536130231185072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Resilience, a person's ability to adapt to adverse events, is associated with positive outcomes, especially in the field of healthcare. Research into the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic may help to understand and combat the long-term mental health burden for trainees in health care. Objective This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the impact of the pandemic on health profession students' educational experiences, determine the association between their self-reported resilience and psychological distress and assess group differences between students from different graduate health profession programs in an academic medical center. Methods Graduate health profession students completed a 44-question online survey and the 10-item Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10) during the COVID-19 pandemic period between January-March 2021. We used descriptive statistics, independent samples t test, Related-samples Wilcoxon signed rank test, Pearson correlations test and Analysis of variance (ANOVA) to analyze the data. Results Majority of respondents reported that COVID-19 had a negative impact on their education and caused a reduction in educational opportunities (76.6% and 73% respectively). Majority also reported feeling burned out, lonely/isolated, or frustrated by COVID-19 restrictions (70.0%, 67.4%, and 61.8% respectively). Students reported increased use of both avoidant and adaptive coping strategies during the pandemic. Higher resilience scores were associated with higher self-reported stress, fewer burnout symptoms, and better overall well-being. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected students in graduate health profession programs. Instructional quality, educational opportunities, institutional trust, peer socialization, and personal health and wellbeing were perceived to be negatively impacted. Students may require additional support and resources from their training programs to mitigate these concerns. Future studies should evaluate the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among pandemic-era graduate health profession students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Clark
- Internal Medicine-Pediatrics Program, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Emily Loe
- Pediatrics-Psychiatry-Child Psychiatry Program, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Lisa J. Merlo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Florida, FL, USA
| | - Irene M. Estores
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Florida, FL, USA
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de Lima Osório F, Zuardi AW, Silveira ILM, de Souza Crippa JA, Hallak JEC, Pereira-Lima K, Loureiro SR. Mental health trajectories of Brazilian health workers during two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021). Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1026429. [PMID: 37032945 PMCID: PMC10076806 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1026429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to: (a) monitor the progression of symptoms of mental health burden among frontline workers caring for COVID-19 patients in Brazil during the two waves of the pandemic, considering the number of new cases and deaths, and; (b) to verify the different mental health outcomes and potential associations with current burnout symptoms. A non-probabilistic sample of health professionals was assessed as the pandemic progressed in Brazil (May/2020 August/2021). Standardized instruments focusing on anxiety, depression, insomnia, post-traumatic stress, and burnout symptoms were applied online. The results indicate a decrease in anxiety levels, what was related to when the number of new cases declined (end 1th-wave); symptoms returned to higher levels later. Emotional exhaustion increased when there was a higher incidence of cases, returning to the baseline levels at the end of the second wave. Depersonalization symptoms increased in this phase, characterized by a further decrease in new cases, while professional accomplishment decreased during the follow-up. The highest number of new cases was associated with a higher frequency of anxiety (OR = 1.467;95%CI = 1.109-1.941; p = 0.007) and professional accomplishment (OR = 1.490;95%CI = 1.098-2.023; p = 0.011). The subjects with trajectory of resilience against anxiety presented the lowest level of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization (p < 0.05). The conclusion is that the pressure experienced by healthcare professionals throughout the pandemic caused different impacts on their mental health, emphasizing the dynamic nature of this condition and the need for constant monitoring and care. This finding directly affects mental health prevention and intervention measures, which remain a priority and require continuous reinforcement, especially among the most vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia de Lima Osório
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology (INCT-TM, CNPq), Brasília, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Flávia de Lima Osório,
| | - Antônio Waldo Zuardi
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology (INCT-TM, CNPq), Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - José Alexandre de Souza Crippa
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology (INCT-TM, CNPq), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Jaime Eduardo Cecílio Hallak
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology (INCT-TM, CNPq), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Karina Pereira-Lima
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sonia Regina Loureiro
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology (INCT-TM, CNPq), Brasília, Brazil
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Hinzmann D, Schütte-Nütgen K, Büssing A, Boenisch O, Busch HJ, Dodt C, Friederich P, Kochanek M, Michels G, Frick E. Critical Care Providers' Moral Distress: Frequency, Burden, and Potential Resources. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:333. [PMID: 36612657 PMCID: PMC9819312 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Critical Care Providers (CCPs) experience situations that challenge their ethics and professional standards and may entail moral distress (MD). AIM To analyze MD perceived by CCPs in intensive care units (ICUs) or emergency departments (EDs) and further clarify whether CCPs who rely on spiritual resources differ in their perception of MD from those who do not utilize these resources. METHODS A cross-sectional anonymous survey was administered using a modified version of the German language version of the Moral Distress Scale (MDS) with 2 × 12 items to assess the frequency and the respective perceived burden of specific situations by applying a 5-point Likert scale. Explorative factor analysis was performed and the sub-constructs of the respective items regarding MD frequency and burden were identified. Job burden and professional satisfaction were measured using visual analogue scales (VAS) and a four-point Likert scale, respectively. The 15-item SpREUK questionnaire was applied to measure spiritual attitudes and behaviours and to differentiate between religious and spiritual persons. Data from 385 German-speaking CCPs were included (55% physicians, 45% nurses). RESULTS Conflict situations are similar for physicians and nurses although they are perceived as more burdensome by nurses. Among physicians, the MDS factor Looking away/Resignation scores highest for assistant physician residents, whereas distress caused by looking away is more often perceived by specialist physicians without a managerial position. Work satisfaction is inversely associated with MD and emotional exhaustion is positively associated with it. Participants' spirituality is marginally associated with MD. The best predictors of both MD frequency and burden are emotional exhaustion with further influences of work satisfaction, being a nurse, and being a non-believer on the frequency of MD perception. Being a nurse, participants' experience in ICU/ED, and being of the male gender are further predictors of MD burden. CONCLUSIONS MD is experienced differently by different groups of CCPs depending on their place in the hierarchy of responsibility. As MD perception is best predicted by emotional exhaustion, these situations should be avoided. Although some CCPs may rely on spiritual resources, all need individual and team support to cope with MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Hinzmann
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80333 München, Germany
| | | | - Arndt Büssing
- Quality of Life, Spirituality and Coping, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58455 Witten, Germany
| | - Olaf Boenisch
- Department of Intensive Care, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Busch
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Dodt
- Emergency Department, München Klinik, 81925 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Kochanek
- Department of Intensive Care, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Guido Michels
- Emergency Department, Sankt Antonius Hospital, 52249 Eschweiler, Germany
| | - Eckhard Frick
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80333 München, Germany
- Spiritual Care and Psychosomatic Health, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, 80539 Munich, Germany
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Magnavita N, Mele L, Meraglia I, Merella M, Vacca ME, Cerrina A, Gabriele M, Labella M, Soro MT, Ursino S, Matera C. The Impact of Workplace Violence on Headache and Sleep Problems in Nurses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13423. [PMID: 36294004 PMCID: PMC9603049 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Workplace violence (WV) is a significant occupational hazard for nurses. Previous studies have shown that WV has a reciprocal relationship with occupational stress. Headaches and sleep problems are early neuropsychological signs of distress. This cross-sectional study aims to ascertain the frequency of physical or verbal assaults on nurses and to study the association of WV with headaches and sleep problems. During their regular medical examination in the workplace, 550 nurses and nursing assistants (105 males, 19.1%; mean age 48.02 ± 9.98 years) were asked to fill in a standardized questionnaire containing the Violent Incident Form (VIF) concerning the episodes of violence experienced, the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) regarding headaches, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI) on sleep quality. Occupational stress was measured using the Effort/Reward Imbalance questionnaire (ERI). Physical and non-physical violence experienced in the previous year was reported by 7.5% and 17.5% of workers, respectively. In the univariate logistic regression models, the workers who experienced violence had an increased risk of headaches and sleep problems. After adjusting for sex, age, job type, and ERI, the relationship between physical violence and headaches remained significant (adjusted odds ratio aOR = 2.25; confidence interval CI95% = 1.11; 4.57). All forms of WV were significantly associated with poor sleep in a multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for sex, age, job type, and ERI (aOR = 2.35 CI95% = 1.44; 3.85). WV was also associated with the impact of headaches and with sleep quality. WV prevention may reduce the frequency of lasting psychoneurological symptoms, such as headaches and poor sleep quality, that interfere with the ability to work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Magnavita
- Postgraduate School of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
- Department of Woman, Child & Public Health Sciences, Fondazione A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy
- Local Healthcare Unit Roma 4, 00053 Civitavecchia, Italy
| | - Luca Mele
- Postgraduate School of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Igor Meraglia
- Postgraduate School of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Merella
- Postgraduate School of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Eugenia Vacca
- Postgraduate School of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Anna Cerrina
- Local Healthcare Unit Roma 4, 00053 Civitavecchia, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Simona Ursino
- Local Healthcare Unit Roma 4, 00053 Civitavecchia, Italy
| | - Carmela Matera
- Local Healthcare Unit Roma 4, 00053 Civitavecchia, Italy
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Poon YSR, Lin YP, Griffiths P, Yong KK, Seah B, Liaw SY. A global overview of healthcare workers' turnover intention amid COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review with future directions. HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH 2022; 20:70. [PMID: 36153534 PMCID: PMC9509627 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-022-00764-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, the health workforce has long suffered from labour shortages. This has been exacerbated by the workload increase caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Major collapses in healthcare systems across the world during the peak of the pandemic led to calls for strategies to alleviate the increasing job attrition problem within the healthcare sector. This turnover may worsen given the overwhelming pressures experienced by the health workforce during the pandemic, and proactive measures should be taken to retain healthcare workers. This review aims to examine the factors affecting turnover intention among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A mixed studies systematic review was conducted. The PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science and PsycINFO databases were searched from January 2020 to March 2022. The Joanna Briggs Institute's Critical Appraisal Tools and the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool version 2018 were applied by two independent researchers to critically appraise the methodological quality. Findings were synthesised using a convergent integrated approach and categorised thematically. RESULTS Forty-three studies, including 39 quantitative, two qualitative and two mixed methods studies were included in this review. Eighteen were conducted in the Middle East, ten in the Americas, nine in the Asia-Pacific region and six in Europe. Nurses (n = 35) were included in the majority of the studies, while physicians (n = 13), allied health workers (n = 11) and healthcare administrative or management staff (n = 7) were included in a smaller proportion. Five themes emerged from the data synthesis: (1) fear of COVID-19 exposure, (2) psychological responses to stress, (3) socio-demographic characteristics, (4) adverse working conditions, and (5) organisational support. CONCLUSIONS A wide range of factors influence healthcare workers' turnover intention in times of pandemic. Future research should be more focused on specific factors, such as working conditions or burnout, and specific vulnerable groups, including migrant healthcare workers and healthcare profession minorities, to aid policymakers in adopting strategies to support and incentivise them to retain them in their healthcare jobs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter Griffiths
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration (Wessex), University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Keng Kwang Yong
- Group Nursing, National Healthcare Group, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Betsy Seah
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sok Ying Liaw
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Chowdhury SR, Kabir H, Mazumder S, Akter N, Chowdhury MR, Hossain A. Workplace violence, bullying, burnout, job satisfaction and their correlation with depression among Bangladeshi nurses: A cross-sectional survey during the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274965. [PMID: 36137141 PMCID: PMC9499253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is one of the most serious yet understudied issues among Bangladeshi nurses, bringing health dangers to this workforce. This study aimed to investigate how workplace violence (WPV), bullying, burnout, and job satisfaction are correlated with depression and identify the factors associated with depression among Bangladeshi nurses. METHODS For this cross-sectional study, data were collected between February 26, 2021, and July 10, 2021 from the Bangladeshi registered nurses. The Workplace Violence Scale (WPVS), the Short Negative Acts Questionnaire [S-NAQ], the Burnout Measure-Short version (BMS), the Short Index of Job Satisfaction (SIJS-5), and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used to measure WPV, bullying, burnout, job satisfaction, and depression, respectively. Inferential statistics include Pearson's correlation test, t-test, one-way ANOVA test, multiple linear regression, and multiple hierarchal regression analyses were performed. RESULTS The study investigated 1,264 nurses (70.02% female) with an average age of 28.41 years (SD = 5.54). Depression was positively correlated with WPV, bullying, and burnout and negatively correlated with job satisfaction (p <0.001). According to the multiple linear regression model, depression was significantly lower among nurses with diploma degrees (β = -1.323, 95% CI = -2.149 to -0.497) and bachelor's degrees (β = -1.327, 95% CI = -2.131 to- 0.523) compared to the nurses with master's degree. The nurses who worked extended hours (>48 hours) had a significantly higher depression score (β = 1.490, 95% CI = 0.511 to 2.470) than those who worked ≤ 36 hours. Depression was found to be significantly higher among those who did not receive a timely salary (β = 2.136, 95% CI = 1.138 to 3.134), rewards for good works (β = 1.862, 95% CI = 1.117 to 2.607), and who had no training on WPV (β = 0.895, 95% CI = 0.092 to 1.698). CONCLUSIONS Controlling burnout, bullying, and workplace violence, as well as improving the work environment for nurses and increasing job satisfaction, are the essential indicators of reducing depression. This can be accomplished with integrative support from hospital executives, policymakers, and government officials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saifur Rahman Chowdhury
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Humayun Kabir
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sinthia Mazumder
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nahida Akter
- Penn State Ross and Carol Nese College of Nursing, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Mahmudur Rahman Chowdhury
- Begum Rabeya Khatun Chowdhury Nursing College, Sylhet, Bangladesh
- School of Medical Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Ahmed Hossain
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Health Services Administration, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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26
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Gajjar J, Pullen N, Li Y, Weir S, Wright JG. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic upon self-reported physician burnout in Ontario, Canada: evidence from a repeated cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060138. [PMID: 36130759 PMCID: PMC9490300 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic on levels of burnout among physicians in Ontario, Canada, and to understand physician perceptions of the contributors and solutions to burnout. DESIGN Repeated cross-sectional survey. SETTING Active and retired physicians, residents and medical students in Canada's largest province were invited to participate in an online survey via an email newsletter. PARTICIPANTS In the first survey wave (March 2020), 1400 members responded (representing 76.3% of those who could be confirmed to have received the survey and 3.1% of total membership). In the second wave (March 2021), 2638 responded (75.9% of confirmed survey recipients and 5.8% of membership). KEY OUTCOME MEASURE Level of burnout was assessed using a validated, single-item, self-defined burnout measure where options ranged from 1 (no symptoms of burnout) to 5 (completely burned out). RESULTS The overall rate of high levels of burnout (self-reported levels 4-5) increased from 28.0% in 2020 (99% CI: 24.3% to 31.7%) to 34.7% in 2021 (99% CI: 31.8% to 37.7%), a 1-year increase of 6.8 percentage points (p<0.01). After a full year of practising during the COVID-19 pandemic, respondents ranked 'patient expectations/patient accountability', 'reporting and administrative obligations' and 'practice environment' as the three factors that contributed most to burnout. Respondents ranked 'streamline and reduce required documentation/administrative work', 'provide fair compensation' and 'improve work-life balance' as the three most important solutions. CONCLUSIONS During the first 12 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, prevalence of high levels of burnout had significantly increased. The contributors and solutions ranked highest by physicians were system-level or organisational in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jainita Gajjar
- Economics, Policy & Research, Ontario Medical Association, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Naomi Pullen
- Economics, Policy & Research, Ontario Medical Association, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yin Li
- Economics, Policy & Research, Ontario Medical Association, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sharada Weir
- Economics, Policy & Research, Ontario Medical Association, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Health Economics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James G Wright
- Economics, Policy & Research, Ontario Medical Association, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Botnar Research Centre, Oxford, UK
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27
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Le Thi Ngoc A, Dang Van C, Nguyen Thanh P, Lewycka S, Van Nuil JI. Depression, anxiety, and stress among frontline health workers during the second wave of COVID-19 in southern Vietnam: A cross-sectional survey. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000823. [PMID: 36962750 PMCID: PMC10022302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Health workers around the world have taken on massive frontline roles in the fight against COVID-19, often under intense pressure and in the face of uncertainty. In this study, we determined the rates of depression, anxiety, stress and related factors among health workers in COVID-19 designated hospitals in southern Vietnam during the second wave of COVID-19. From July-September 2020, we collected self-administered surveys from 499 health workers in 14 hospitals that were designated for the care and treatment of patients with COVID-19. The survey included sections on demographics, co-morbid health conditions, symptoms experienced during patient care, a depression, anxiety and stress assessment (DASS-21), and other related factors. We used logistic regression models to identify factors associated with depression, anxiety and stress, and adjusted for confounding factors. 18%, 11.5%, 7.7% of participants had symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively with the majority at mild and moderate levels. The risk factors for increased mental health impact included long working hours, experiencing physical symptoms, fear of transmission to family, COVID-19 related stigma, and worry when watching media about COVID-19. Psychological counseling and training in infection prevention were protective factors that reduced the risk of mental health problems. Further exploration of the association between physical symptoms experienced by health workers and mental health may guide interventions to improve health outcomes. More routine COVID-19 testing among health workers could reduce anxieties about physical symptoms and alleviate the fear of transmitting COVID-19 to family and friends. Medical institutions need to ensure that health workers have access to basic trainings prior to initiation of work, and mental health support during the pandemic and into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sonia Lewycka
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Ilo Van Nuil
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Grazioli VS, Tzartzas K, Blaser J, Graells M, Schmutz E, Petitgenet I, Favrat B, Zozaya JS, Kokkinakis I, Marion-Veyron R, Bodenmann P. Risk Perception Related to COVID-19 and Future Affective Responses Among Healthcare Workers in Switzerland: A Mixed-Methods Longitudinal Study. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604517. [PMID: 36119446 PMCID: PMC9478025 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Whereas early findings suggest that risk perceptions related to COVID-19 affect psychological well-being in healthcare workers (HCWs), the temporal associations between these variables need to be clarified and HCWs lived experience further explored. This study proposes a mixed evaluation of COVID-19-related risk perception and affective responses among HCWs. Methods: A longitudinal mixed-method study was conducted. HCWs (N = 138) completed measures of COVID-19 risk perceptions, depression, anxiety, burnout and secondary traumatic stress (STS) at baseline and 6 months later. A subsample (n = 20) participated in semi-structured interviews exploring both risk perceptions and affective responses. Results: Main quantitative findings showed positive associations between worry to contaminate others and depression (IRR = 1.04, p < 0.05), anxiety (IRR = 1.03, p < 0.01), STS (b = 0.3, p < 0.05), and perceptions of lacking protection (IRR = 1.04, p < 0.05) with anxiety scores. Four themes emerged from the thematic content analysis: 1) life was turned upside down; 2) skills were put in quarantine; 3) dealing with patient discomfort; 4) balance to be found between protection and restrictions. Conclusion: These findings emphasize the importance to develop tailored interventions, such as group discussion sessions, to optimize risk perception and help manage uncertainty.
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Goktas S, Gezginci E, Kartal H. The Effects of Motivational Messages Sent to Emergency Nurses During the COVID-19 Pandemic on Job Satisfaction, Compassion Fatigue, and Communication Skills: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Emerg Nurs 2022; 48:547-558. [PMID: 35864005 PMCID: PMC9226325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jen.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During the COVID-19 pandemic, emergency nurses have been adversely affected physically, socially, and psychologically by factors such as increased workload, longer working hours, isolation from family, and limited resources. This study aimed to investigate the effect of motivational messages sent to emergency nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic on their job satisfaction, compassion fatigue, and communication skills. METHODS This was a randomized controlled experimental study. The study was conducted with 60 emergency nurses in 2 training and research hospitals in Istanbul between July 31 and August 31, 2021. The participants were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. Participants in the intervention group (n = 30) received daily motivational messages to their mobile phones by short message service for 21 days; those in the control group (n = 30) received no motivational messages. The Job Satisfaction Scale, Compassion Fatigue Scale, and Communication Skills Scale were administered before and after the intervention. RESULTS The mean age was 29.8 (SD = 7.5) and 28.7 years (SD = 6.9) in the intervention and control groups, respectively. Before the intervention, there were no significant differences in the groups' scores for job satisfaction (P = .561), compassion fatigue (P = .687), or communication skills (P = .355). After the intervention, the intervention group had significantly higher scores for job satisfaction (P < .001) and communication skills (P < .001) and significantly lower compassion fatigue scores than the control group (P < .001). DISCUSSION Our results suggest that motivational messages sent to emergency nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic increase job satisfaction and improve communication skills while reducing compassion fatigue.
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Chen H, Ma Q, Du B, Huang Y, Zhu SG, Li SL, Geng DQ, Xu XS. Psychotherapy and Follow-Up in Health Care Workers After the COVID-19 Epidemic: A Single Center's Experience. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:2245-2258. [PMID: 36003831 PMCID: PMC9394520 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s371787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study aims to analysis the mental health of high-risk health care workers (HHCWs) and low-risk HCWs (LHCWs) who were respectively exposed to COVID-19 wards and non-COVID-19 wards by following up on mental disorders in HCWs in China for 6 months. Methods A multi-psychological assessment questionnaire was used to follow up on the psychological status of HCWs in the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University in Xuzhou City (a non-core epidemic area) at 6 months after the first evaluation conducted during the COVID-19 epidemic. Based on the risk of exposure to COVID-19 patients, the HCWs were divided into two groups: high-risk HCWs, who worked in COVID-19 wards, and low-risk HCWs, who worked in non-COVID-19 wards. Results A total of 198 HCWs participated in the study, and 168 questionnaires were selected for evaluation. Among them, 93 (55.4%) were in the HHCW group and 75 (44.5%) were in the LHCW group. Significant differences were observed in salary, profession, and altruistic behavior between the two groups (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the anxiety, depression, insomnia, or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) scores between the two groups. Logistic regression revealed that work stress was a major joint risk factor for mental disorders in HCWs. Among all the HCWs, a total of 58 voluntarily participated in psychotherapy; the analysis showed a significant decrease in anxiety, depression, PTSD, work stress, and work risk after attending psychotherapy. There were also significant differences in positive and negative coping styles before and after psychotherapy. Conclusion In the present follow-up, work stress was the major contributing factor to mental disorders in HCWs. Psychotherapy is helpful in terms of stress management and should be provided to first-line COVID-19 HCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Du
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Guang Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Li Li
- Department of Medical Records and Statistics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Qin Geng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Shun Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, People's Republic of China
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Veronesi G, Giusti EM, D’Amato A, Gianfagna F, Borchini R, Castelnuovo G, Iacoviello L, Ferrario MM. The North Italian Longitudinal Study Assessing the Mental Health Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on Health Care Workers-Part I: Study Design and Psychometric Structural Validity of the HSE Indicator Tool and Work Satisfaction Scale. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9514. [PMID: 35954871 PMCID: PMC9368475 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Literature on the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the mental health of Health Care Workers (HCWs) is mostly based on cross-sectional surveys. We designed a longitudinal study to assess work-related stress and mental health before and after the pandemic onset in a university-hospital in Lombardia region, Italy. We report on sample representativeness and structural validity of questionnaires assessing work stress (HSE Indicator Tool, HSE-IT) and work satisfaction (WS), which were not validated in the HCWs population. n = 1287 HCWs from 67 hospital wards/offices were invited to an online survey in summer 2019 (pre-COVID-19 wave) and again during winter 2020 (COVID-19 wave). Selected hospital wards/offices did not differ from the remaining wards for turn-over and down-sizing rates, overload, sick leaves, and night shifts (Wilcoxon rank tests p-values > 0.05). Participation rates were 70% (n = 805) and 60% (n = 431) in the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 waves, respectively. Socio-demographic and work-related characteristics did not impact data completeness nor participation to the COVID-19 wave. While confirming a 7-component structure for HSE-IT, we identified a new factor related to participation in work organization. A one-factor model for WS had satisfactory fit. Our longitudinal study based on a representative sample and adopting validated questionnaires is well-suited to elucidate the role of work conditions on the development of mental health disorders in HCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Veronesi
- EPIMED Research Center, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (G.V.); (F.G.); (L.I.)
| | - Emanuele Maria Giusti
- Psychology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 20149 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 20123 Milan, Italy;
| | | | - Francesco Gianfagna
- EPIMED Research Center, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (G.V.); (F.G.); (L.I.)
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122 Napoli, Italy
| | - Rossana Borchini
- UOS Medicina Preventiva e Legale, ASST Lariana, 22100 Como, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Castelnuovo
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 20123 Milan, Italy;
- Psychology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 28824 Verbania, Italy
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- EPIMED Research Center, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (G.V.); (F.G.); (L.I.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Marco Mario Ferrario
- EPIMED Research Center, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (G.V.); (F.G.); (L.I.)
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Koné A, Horter L, Thomas I, Byrkit R, Lopes-Cardozo B, Rao CY, Rose C. Symptoms of Mental Health Conditions and Suicidal Ideation Among State, Tribal, Local, and Territorial Public Health Workers — United States, March 14–25, 2022. MMWR. MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT 2022; 71:925-930. [PMID: 35862276 PMCID: PMC9310631 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7129a4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Oțelea MR, Rașcu A, Staicu C, Călugăreanu L, Ipate M, Teodorescu S, Persecă O, Voinoiu A, Neamțu A, Calotă V, Mateș D. Exhaustion in Healthcare Workers after the First Three Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148871. [PMID: 35886721 PMCID: PMC9318340 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to identify the determinants of exhaustion of frontline and second-line healthcare workers (HCW) during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. A case−control study was conducted based on an anonymously distributed questionnaire, which was completed by 1872 HCW. Exhaustion was assessed with a validated Romanian questionnaire. The Siegrist questionnaire was used to determine workload, reward and overcommitment. Frontline HCW reported significantly more frequent longer working hours (p = 0.0009) and a better perception of the management of the risk for infection (p = 0.0002) than second-line HCW. The effort and overcommitment scores were higher in frontline HCW (9.51 + 1.98 vs. 8.45 + 21, p < 0.001 and 16.34 ± 2.80 vs. 15.24 ± 2.94, p < 0.001, respectively) and the reward scores were lower (5.21 ± 1.522 vs. 5.99 ± 1.44, p < 0.001). In the fully adjusted regression model, age, imbalance between effort and reward, overcommitment and management of the risk of infection in the workplace were associated with the exhaustion score in each category of HCW. The number of working hours was correlated with exhaustion in frontline HCW and occupation in second-line HCW. There were more similarities than differences between frontline and second-line HCW. Even if frontline HCW had a higher risk of exhaustion, the risk was not negligible for all HCW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ruxandra Oțelea
- Clinical Department 5, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (M.R.O.); (A.R.)
| | - Agripina Rașcu
- Clinical Department 5, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (M.R.O.); (A.R.)
- Clinic of Occupational Medicine, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cătălin Staicu
- National Center for Monitoring Community Risks, National Institute of Public Health, 050463 Bucharest, Romania; (C.S.); (L.C.); (S.T.); (A.V.); (A.N.); (D.M.)
| | - Lavinia Călugăreanu
- National Center for Monitoring Community Risks, National Institute of Public Health, 050463 Bucharest, Romania; (C.S.); (L.C.); (S.T.); (A.V.); (A.N.); (D.M.)
| | - Mădălina Ipate
- Regional Center of Public Health, National Institute of Public Health, 700465 Iași, Romania;
| | - Silvia Teodorescu
- National Center for Monitoring Community Risks, National Institute of Public Health, 050463 Bucharest, Romania; (C.S.); (L.C.); (S.T.); (A.V.); (A.N.); (D.M.)
| | - Ovidiu Persecă
- Regional Center for Public Health, National Institute of Public Health, 400349 Cluj Napoca, Romania;
| | - Angelica Voinoiu
- National Center for Monitoring Community Risks, National Institute of Public Health, 050463 Bucharest, Romania; (C.S.); (L.C.); (S.T.); (A.V.); (A.N.); (D.M.)
| | - Andra Neamțu
- National Center for Monitoring Community Risks, National Institute of Public Health, 050463 Bucharest, Romania; (C.S.); (L.C.); (S.T.); (A.V.); (A.N.); (D.M.)
| | - Violeta Calotă
- National Center for Monitoring Community Risks, National Institute of Public Health, 050463 Bucharest, Romania; (C.S.); (L.C.); (S.T.); (A.V.); (A.N.); (D.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Dana Mateș
- National Center for Monitoring Community Risks, National Institute of Public Health, 050463 Bucharest, Romania; (C.S.); (L.C.); (S.T.); (A.V.); (A.N.); (D.M.)
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Sono-Setati ME, Mphekgwana PM, Mabila LN, Mbombi MO, Muthelo L, Matlala SF, Tshitangano TG, Ramalivhana NJ. Health System- and Patient-Related Factors Associated with COVID-19 Mortality among Hospitalized Patients in Limpopo Province of South Africa's Public Hospitals. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:1338. [PMID: 35885864 PMCID: PMC9323663 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10071338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
South Africa has recorded the highest COVID-19 morbidity and mortality compared to other African regions. Several authors have linked the least amount of death in African countries with under-reporting due to poor health systems and patients' health-seeking behaviors, making the use of clinical audits more relevant for establishing the root causes of health problems, and improving quality patient care outcomes. Clinical audits, such as mortality audits, have a significant role in improving quality health care services, but very little is documented about the outcomes of the audits. Therefore, the study sought to determine the health care system and patient-related factors associated with COVID-19 mortality by reviewing the COVID-19 inpatient mortality audit narration reports. This was a retrospective qualitative research approach of all hospitalized COVID-19 patients, resulting in death between the first and second COVID-19 pandemic waves. Thematic analysis employed inductive coding to identify themes from mortality audits from all 41 public hospitals in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Four themes with seventeen sub-themes emerged: sub-standard emergency medical care provided, referral system inefficiencies contributed to delays in access to health care services, the advanced age of patients with known and unknown comorbidities, and poor management of medical supplies and equipment, as a health system and patient-related factors that contributed to the high mortality of COVID-19 patients. There is a need to routinely conduct clinical audits to identify clinical challenges and make recommendations for health promotion, risk communication, and community engagement. We recommend reviewing and expanding the scope of practice for health-care providers during epidemics and pandemics that include aspects such as task-shifting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa E. Sono-Setati
- Department of Public Health Medicine, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, Polokwane 0727, South Africa;
- Limpopo Department of Health, College Ave, Hospital Park, Polokwane 0699, South Africa;
| | - Peter M. Mphekgwana
- Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, Polokwane 0727, South Africa
| | - Linneth N. Mabila
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, Polokwane 0727, South Africa;
| | - Masenyani O. Mbombi
- Department of Nursing, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, Polokwane 0727, South Africa; (M.O.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Livhuwani Muthelo
- Department of Nursing, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, Polokwane 0727, South Africa; (M.O.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Sogo F. Matlala
- Department of Public Health, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, Polokwane 0727, South Africa;
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Resilience Improves the Quality of Life and Subjective Happiness of Physiotherapists during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148720. [PMID: 35886573 PMCID: PMC9317447 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Resilience is an individual characteristic that protects mental health. However, its impact on the lives of Brazilian physiotherapists during COVID-19 is not known. This study aimed to analyze whether resilience modulates the perceived quality of life (QoL) and subjective happiness (SH) of physiotherapists who work with COVID-19 patients, compared with those who do not. A cross-sectional study was conducted between 22 August and 22 October 2020. Physiotherapists working in critical and non-critical hospital sectors were invited to participate in the study. The participants completed sociodemographic questionnaires and were graded on the 14-item Resilience Scale, 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), and the Subjective Happiness Scale. In total, 519 physiotherapists were enrolled in the study. Physiotherapists with low resilience who worked with COVID-19 patients reported lower scores on the SF-36 subscales (except for social functioning) and the Subjective Happiness Scale, compared with those with high resilience who did not work with COVID-19 patients. These responses were modulated by age, sex, absence from work, receipt of personal protective equipment, host leadership, and practice and maintenance of regular physical activity. In conclusion, physiotherapists with low resilience who worked with COVID-19 patients presented lower perceptions of QoL and SH, compared with the other study participants.
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Schäfer AA, Santos LP, Manosso LM, Quadra MR, Meller FO. Relationship between sleep duration and quality and mental health before and during COVID-19 pandemic: Results of population-based studies in Brazil. J Psychosom Res 2022; 158:110910. [PMID: 35427941 PMCID: PMC8993422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.110910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the association between sleep duration and quality and mental health before and amid the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Data from two population-based cross-sectional studies conducted in 2019 and 2020 with adults in Criciúma, Southern Brazil. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to screen major depressive episodes, while the perceived stress scale was used to assess perceived stress. Sleep was evaluated through self-reported duration and quality. Crude and adjusted Poisson regression models were used to assess the association between sleep and mental health disorders. RESULTS A total of 820 (in 2019) and 863 subjects (in 2020) were assessed. Sleep quality presented significant associations with depression and stress in both years, and the magnitude of the association with depression increased amid COVID-19 pandemic. In individuals with poor/very poor sleep quality, the risk of depression in 2019 was 2.14 (95%IC 1.48;3.09) higher when compared to those with good/very good sleep quality. This risk increased to 2.26 (95%IC 1.49;3.40) in 2020. The risk of stress was 1.90 (95%IC 1.42;2.55) in 2019 and 1.66 (95%IC1.34;2.07) in 2020. The sleep duration was not associated with mental health disorders in the adjusted analyses. CONCLUSION The results provide important evidence that sleep quality can influence mental health of adults. The COVID-19 pandemic seems to have had a considerable impact on this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônio Augusto Schäfer
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo Pozza Santos
- Nutrition College, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | | | - Micaela Rabelo Quadra
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Oliveira Meller
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Krishnan S. Exploring female frontline health workers' role and capacities in COVID-19 response in India. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION : IJDRR 2022; 75:102962. [PMID: 35463867 PMCID: PMC9012666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.102962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction emphasises building local capacities for disaster risk management. This article asks: What role did female frontline health workers (FFHWs) play in preparing, responding and managing health emergencies in India and how did information and communications technology (ICT) platforms hinder or facilitate their capacities? METHODS FFHWs' experiences in providing subnational and local health response to the COVID-19 pandemic in six states in India - Odisha, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Kerala and Maharashtra - was collected using semi-structured interviews. Data were thematically analysed, and studied within the government policies and guidelines to tackle the emerging concerns in COVID-19. RESULTS FFHWs were involved in planning, responding and managing COVID-19 cases, providing awareness and undertaking surveillance within their regions. Moreover they were also responsible to continue with essential health and nutrition service delivery to pregnant women and young infants. They relied on various information and communications technology (ICT) platforms in managing their tasks despite facing several challenges. Besides receiving training from hospitals and health officials, FFHWs received information on COVID-19 and prevention through different channels and modes: majority of them reported TV channels, news coverage, and videos sent on Whatsapp groups. CONCLUSIONS There are underlying gender inequalities within the health system whereby limited resources and opportunities are available for the FFHWs, which extends to their use of ICT platforms in health emergencies. Using ICT in an equitable and just manner provides an opportunity to support local action for health resilience swiftly and promptly by building capacities and increasing representation of the frontline workers. This understanding can be further grounded around issues of equity, participation, representation in a gender-responsive health system.
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Key Words
- ANM, Auxiliary Nurse Midwives
- ASHA
- ASHA, Accredited Social Health Activists
- AWW, Anganwadi workers
- CHW, Community Health Workers
- Covid-19
- ETCH, Environment, Technology, Community Health Consultancy Services
- FFHW, Female Frontline Health Workers
- Frontline female health workers
- Health response
- ICDS, Integrated ChildDevelopment Services
- ICT, Information Communication Technology
- India
- PHC, Primary Health Care
- PPE, Personal Protective Equipment
- RCH, Reproductive and Child Health portal
- THR, Take home ration
- VHND, Village Health and Nutrition Day
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Krishnan
- Jindal School of Environment and Sustainability, OP Jindal Global University, Haryana, India
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Symptoms of Burnout Syndrome among Physicians during the Outbreak of COVID-19 Pandemic—A Systematic Literature Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10060979. [PMID: 35742031 PMCID: PMC9223230 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10060979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Studies in the recent decades show that the medical profession has a high risk to develop burnout due to constant exposure to mental and physical suffering or death. The pandemic period induced additional stress for healthcare professionals due to the likelihood of a high rate of infection, long working shifts, using protective equipment, staying away from family, implementing new medical procedures. The present study is focusing on assessing the prevalence of burnout among physicians working in the healthcare system during the COVID-19 pandemic, and discovering the main factors associated with burnout syndrome among the population of physicians. Material and methods: A systematic review was conducted by searching PubMed, Wiley, and Google Scholar in November 2021. A total of 35 studies were eligible for the evaluation. Results: The samples ranged from 39 to 3071 physicians, and the overall burnout ranged from 14.7% to 90.4%. Sociodemographic characteristics associated with a high prevalence of burnout were the female gender, less experienced, not having children, and single marital status, associated with high levels of anxiety, depression, and stress in the female gender. The highest level of burnout among all the studies was 90.4% on a sample of physicians from the Republic of Korea, 80.2% among psychiatrists in Saudi Arabia, followed by a study in Ireland with a 77% level of burnout among senior and specialist physicians, and 74.7% prevalence of burnout for emergency physicians in USA. Conclusions: During the pandemic, the factors that contribute to burnout are the lack of personal protective equipment and the violence of issues related to organizational health; the high prevalence of burnout symptoms is associated with anxiety, depression, and stress.
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Alfaifi A, Darraj A, El-Setouhy M. The Psychological Impact of Quarantine During the COVID-19 Pandemic on Quarantined Non-Healthcare Workers, Quarantined Healthcare Workers, and Medical Staff at the Quarantine Facility in Saudi Arabia. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:1259-1270. [PMID: 35607383 PMCID: PMC9124059 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s362712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 is a viral infectious disease that spreads quickly through droplets. It is highly contagious and could overwhelm the health system. Because of that, many governments established health quarantines for suspected infected people to minimize the spread of this disease. Objective This study aimed to assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms and to address the associated risk factors among quarantined non-healthcare workers, quarantined healthcare workers, and medical staff in the Ministry of Health quarantine facility. Patients and Methods We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study at the health quarantine in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. The total number of participants was 301 individuals. Furthermore, the study questionnaire was composed of three sections, the first two were the background and clinical characteristics, and the last one was DASS 21 scale. Also, we used SPSS software to analyze the data. Lastly, we implemented logistic regression to assess the predictors of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. Results The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among quarantined non-healthcare workers were 51.9%, 60.2%, and 40.6%, respectively. These prevalences were 25.0%, 29.8%, and 16.9% among quarantined healthcare workers and 20.5%, 20.5%, and 27.3% among the medical staff. The predictors of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among the study participants were female gender, perceived COVID-19 stigma, presence of other relatives in quarantine, comorbidities, and abnormal sleep duration. Conclusion and Recommendations Health quarantine is an environment that could negatively affect people's mental health. The quarantined non-healthcare workers were the most affected study participants inside this environment. Therefore, the availability of mental health services there could minimize their depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. Moreover, a home quarantine would be better to reduce these negative symptoms whenever possible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maged El-Setouhy
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Magnavita N, Soave PM, Antonelli M. Treating Anti-Vax Patients, a New Occupational Stressor-Data from the 4th Wave of the Prospective Study of Intensivists and COVID-19 (PSIC). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:5889. [PMID: 35627425 PMCID: PMC9141091 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The Prospective Study of Intensivists and COVID-19 (PSIC) is a longitudinal study that besides investigating a cohort of intensivists from one of the two COVID-19 hub hospitals in Central Italy since the beginning of the pandemic (first wave, April 2020), has conducted a new survey at each successive wave. In addition to the variables investigated in previous surveys (job changes due to the pandemic, justice of safety procedures, job stress, sleep quality, satisfaction, happiness, anxiety, depression, burnout, and intention to quit), the latest fourth wave (December 2021) study has evaluated discomfort in caring for anti-vax patients. A multivariate logistic regression model confirmed that high levels of occupational stress (distressed 75.8%) were associated with isolation, monotony, lack of time for meditation, and poor relationships with anti-vaccination patients. Compared to the first phase, there was a reduction in levels of insomnia and anxiety, but the percentage of intensivists manifesting symptoms of depression remained high (58.9%). The study underlined the efficacy of organizational interventions and psychological support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Magnavita
- Postgraduate School of Occupational Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Woman, Child and Public Health Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Maurizio Soave
- Postgraduate School of Occupational Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Emergency, Anesthesiology and Resuscitation Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Massimo Antonelli
- Department of Emergency, Anesthesiology and Resuscitation Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
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Civilotti C, Acquadro Maran D, Garbarino S, Magnavita N. Hopelessness in Police Officers and Its Association with Depression and Burnout: A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095169. [PMID: 35564562 PMCID: PMC9100122 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hopelessness is a particularly critical condition and a risk factor for suicide. Many studies have reported that this condition is common in some occupations and is associated with high stress that is not properly managed. This study examined the prevalence of hopeless status (HS) in a sample of police officers (POs) and the association of hopelessness with depression, burnout, and suicidality. In total, 127 out of 231 POs participated in the survey; they were assessed with the Beck Hopelessness Scale, the Beck Depression Scale, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. A total of 26.5% of POs reported hopelessness, and a significant association was found with depression and burnout; in individual cases, these conditions were associated with suicidal thoughts. In a multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for confounding variables, depression, emotional exhaustion, and reduction of personal accomplishment were significantly associated with HP status. Depression (OR = 3.02, 95% CI: 1–9.12) and emotional exhaustion (OR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.06–3.32) significantly increased the risk of hopelessness, while personal accomplishment (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.32–1) was a protective factor. Hopelessness appears to be a very important factor to consider when assessing POs’ mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Civilotti
- Department of Psychology, Università di Torino, Via Verdi 10, 10124 Torino, Italy;
| | - Daniela Acquadro Maran
- Department of Psychology, Università di Torino, Via Verdi 10, 10124 Torino, Italy;
- WOW-Work and Organizational Wellbeing Research Group, 10124 Torino, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Sergio Garbarino
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal/Child Sciences (DI-14 NOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Nicola Magnavita
- Postgraduate School of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Woman, Child & Public Health Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Assessment of the Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on the Nutritional Status and Lipid Profile of Employees in a Teaching Hospital in Rome: A Retrospective Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084549. [PMID: 35457417 PMCID: PMC9027901 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: on the 9 March 2020, the Italian government declared a state of lockdown on the entire national territory aimed at reducing the spread of SARS-CoV-2, causing strong repercussions for people’s lifestyles. The aim of the study was to analyze the impact of the lockdown on the nutritional status and lipid profile of employees of an Italian teaching hospital. Methods: an observational retrospective cohort study was carried out at the Department of Occupational Medicine of the Umberto I General Hospital of Rome, including all employees who underwent two consecutive occupational medical examinations before and after the first lockdown (9 March 2020−18 May 2020). Employee medical records were used as a data source. Results: 1014 employees were involved in the study (50.6% nurses, 31% physicians, 14.8% technical staff, 3.6% administrative staff). Post lockdown BMI, total cholesterol and LDL values increased statistically significantly compared to pre lockdown ones. Nurses showed a significant association with increased BMI (p < 0.001), while workers with heart disease were inversely associated with total cholesterol (p < 0.001) and LDL (p < 0.001). Conclusion: this study showed that lockdown had a significant impact on employees’ lifestyles. Further studies are needed to understand changes in health-related behaviors, such as diet and physical activity, of specific categories of workers over time under lockdown conditions.
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Zare F, Sadeghian F, Alatab S, Chaman R, Mirrezaie SM. COVID-19 epidemic effects on sleep quality among health sector workers: A follow up study. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:1015-1026. [PMID: 35393918 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2058402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Health care workers (HCWs) were vulnerable to sleep disturbances in normal circumstances. Poor sleep quality (PSQ) is common during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. The aim of this study is evaluation of sleep quality among healthcare workers during COVID-19 epidemic in a cohort study. In a follow-up study, we assessed sleep quality in 453 Iranian HCW participants in late-April 2021, after approximately 8 weeks of the epidemic of COVID-19. In order to compare the sleep quality in the two time intervals, during and before COVID-19, we used the recorded data of the same group of participants who were enrolled in a study named SHAHWAR (SHAhroud Health care Workers Associated Research) cohort that is focused on the health of HCWs who work at the Shahroud university of medical sciences. Data collection process in the SHAHWAR study started on October 2, 2019 and continued until February 19, 2020. Our results showed sleep quality worsened among shift-workers during COVID-19 outbreak; however, it was improved among non-shift staff. Sleep quality was more likely to be worsening if HCWs had shift-working roles [OR: 1.84(1.11-3.06), and if they experienced death in their families [OR: 5.06(1.60-12.80)]; however, having a paramedical role was a protective effect [OR: 0.52(0.27-092)], for poor quality sleep. Sleep quality worsened during the epidemic among HCWs. A greater impact, in terms of higher PSQI index, in this group of workers was seen in shift working staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Zare
- Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research Shahroud, University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Farideh Sadeghian
- Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research Shahroud, University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Sudabeh Alatab
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Chaman
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mirrezaie
- Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research Shahroud, University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.,Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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Syamlan AT, Salamah S, Alkaff FF, Prayudi YE, Kamil M, Irzaldy A, Karimah A, Postma MJ, Purba FD, Arifin B. Mental health and health-related quality of life among healthcare workers in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e057963. [PMID: 35396304 PMCID: PMC8996007 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Healthcare workers (HCWs) are the front lines during the COVID-19 pandemic. They are more exposed to COVID-19 than other professions. Studies from other countries have shown that the mental health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of HCWs were affected during this pandemic. However, studies on mental health in Indonesia remain scarce and no study has evaluated the HRQoL among HCWs. Thus, this study was designed to explore the mental health status and HRQoL among HCWs in Indonesia. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study. SETTING This was an open online survey in Indonesia conducted from December 2020 to February 2021. PARTICIPANTS This study involved HCWs who worked during the COVID-19 pandemic. Of the 502 respondents who accessed the online questionnaire, 392 were included in the analysis. OUTCOMES Mental health status was measured using the 21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale and HRQoL was measured using the second version of the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF12v2). RESULTS The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among HCWs was 29.4%, 44.9% and 31.8%, respectively. Using the SF12v2 questionnaire, 354 (90.3%) HCWs were found to have impaired physical component and 156 (39.8%) HCWs have impaired mental component. CONCLUSION The prevalence of mental health problems among HCWs was high in Indonesia. HRQoL, particularly the physical component, was affected in most HCWs. Thus, policymakers should give more attention to the mental health and HRQoL of HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adila T Syamlan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Sovia Salamah
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Firas F Alkaff
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapy, Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Yogi E Prayudi
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Kamil
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | - Azimatul Karimah
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Maarten J Postma
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapy, Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Unit of PharmacoTherapy, Epidemiology and Economics (PTE2), Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Institute of Science in Healthy Ageing & healthcaRE (SHARE), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Faculty of Economics & Business, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Fredrick Dermawan Purba
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
- Center for Psychological Innovation and Research, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Bustanul Arifin
- Unit of PharmacoTherapy, Epidemiology and Economics (PTE2), Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia
- Department of Health Behaviour, Environment, and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Centre of Health Behaviour and Promotion, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Magnavita N. Headache in the Workplace: Analysis of Factors Influencing Headaches in Terms of Productivity and Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063712. [PMID: 35329399 PMCID: PMC8953285 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Headache is a very common condition that can have a significant impact on work. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of headaches and their impact on a sample of 1076 workers from 18 small companies operating in different sectors. The workers who volunteered to participate were asked to fill in the Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6) and answer questions designed to assess stressful and traumatic factors potentially associated with headaches. The volunteers subsequently underwent a medical examination and tests for diagnosing metabolic syndrome. Out of the 1044 workers who completed the questionnaire (participation rate = 97%), 509 (48.8%) reported suffering from headaches. In a multivariate logistic regression model, female gender, recent bereavement, intrusive leadership, and sleep problems were significantly associated with headaches. In univariate logistic regression models, headache intensity was associated with an increased risk of anxiety (OR 1.10; CI95% 1.09; 1.12) and depression (OR 1.09; CI95% 1.08; 1.11). Headache impact was also associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome (OR 1.02; CI95% 1.00, 1.04), obesity (OR 1.02, CI95% 1.01; 1.03), and reduced HDL cholesterol (OR 1.03; CI95% 1.01; 1.04). The impact of headache calls for intervention in the workplace not only to promote a prompt diagnosis of the different forms of headaches but also to improve work organization, leadership style, and the quality of sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Magnavita
- Postgraduate School of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Roma, Italy;
- Department of Science of Woman, Child and Public Health, A. Gemelli Foundation IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Roma, Italy
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Qianlan Y, Tianya H, Wei L, Jia G, Chunyan N, Wei Z, Bin L, Huifen L, Wei D, Guanghui D, Yan J. The psychological outcomes of COVID-19 affected the pandemic-after risk perceptions of nurse clinicians: a latent profile analysis. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2022; 9:123-132. [PMID: 36606238 PMCID: PMC8943222 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2022.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Risk perception among nurses after the COVID-19 pandemic is a crucial factor affecting their attitudes and willingness to work in clinics. Those with poor psychological status could perceive risks sensitively as fears or threats that are discouraging. This article aimed to determine whether psychological outcomes, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and insomnia, following the COVID-19 pandemic were differentially related to the risk perceptions of nurses working in clinics and increased perceived risk. Method The participants were 668 nurse clinicians from five local hospitals. Risk perceptions and psychological outcomes were measured by adapted questionnaires via the Internet. Latent profile analysis (LPA) identified subgroups of individuals who showed similar profiles regarding the perceived risks in nursing. Multinomial regression and probit regression were used to examine the extent to which sociodemographic and psychological outcomes predicted class membership. Results LPA revealed four classes: groups with low-, mild-, moderate-, and high-level risk perceptions. Membership of the high-level risk perception class was predicted by the severity of psychological outcomes. Anxiety significantly accounted for a moderate increase in risk perceptions, while the symptoms of insomnia, depression, and PTSD accelerated the increase to the high level of risk perception class. Conclusions By classifying groups of nurse clinicians sharing similar profiles regarding risk perceptions and then exploring associated predictors, this study shows the psychological outcomes after COVID-19 significantly impacted pandemic-associated risk perceptions and suggests intervening in nurses' psychological outcomes while simultaneously focusing on work-related worries is important following the outbreak of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Qianlan
- Department of Naval Aviation & Operational Psychology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hou Tianya
- Department of Naval Aviation & Operational Psychology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wei
- Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gao Jia
- Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changshu, China
| | - Ni Chunyan
- Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhao Wei
- Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lian Bin
- Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Huifen
- Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dong Wei
- Department of Naval Aviation & Operational Psychology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deng Guanghui
- Department of Naval Aviation & Operational Psychology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Yan
- Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
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Papadopoulos I, Lazzarino R, Koulouglioti C, Ali S, Wright S. Towards a national strategy for the provision of spiritual care during major health disasters: A qualitative study. Int J Health Plann Manage 2022; 37:1990-2006. [PMID: 35194827 PMCID: PMC9544579 DOI: 10.1002/hpm.3443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spirituality is beneficial to health. Evidence around the benefits of Spiritual care (SC) is advancing, and training is becoming part of healthcare professional development. As the COVID‐19 crisis showed, during major health disasters (MHDs), the demand for SC grows exponentially, while the burden of care and focus on preserving life often hamper its provision. Nonetheless, existing health emergency strategic frameworks lack preparedness for the provision of SC. Aim The aim of this study was to identify the components for a National Strategy (NS) for the provision of SC during MHDs. Methods Descriptive, cross‐sectional, qualitative phenomenological design based on individual, semi‐structured e‐interviews with nursing managers and National Health Service/volunteer chaplains based in England. Thematic analysis of 25 e‐interview data was performed based on a dialogic collaborative process. Results and Discussion Eleven themes were identified as components of the proposed NS. From these components, specific recommendations for practical actions are provided. An integrated framework approach and smart investments in resources, staff training and technologies should be led by the paradigm of culturally competent and compassionate care. Conclusion The need to have strategic frameworks, both national and local, that better equip a country healthcare sector to prevent, face, and recover from MHDs is paramount. Catering for the spiritual needs of the affected population should be a key aspect of any health emergency strategy to ensure the preservation of quality care. Adequate provision of Spiritual care (SC) is more needed yet challenging during health disasters. With the COVID‐19 crisis, SC strategic planning proved essential. Collaboration, communities' inclusivity, and training are key strategic elements. Governments investments should look at advanced technologies, and material and human resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Papadopoulos
- Department of Mental Health and Social Work, Research Centre for Transcultural Studies in Health, School of Health and Education, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | - Runa Lazzarino
- Research Centre for Transcultural Studies in Health, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | - Christina Koulouglioti
- Research Centre for Transcultural Studies in Health, Middlesex University, London, UK.,University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Worthing, UK
| | - Sheila Ali
- Research Centre for Transcultural Studies in Health, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | - Steve Wright
- Department of Mental Health and Social Work, Middlesex University, London, UK
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Naik BN, Pandey S, Rao R, Verma M, Singh PK. Generalized anxiety and sleep quality among health care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study from a tertiary healthcare institution in Eastern India. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2022; 13:51-61. [PMID: 35255678 PMCID: PMC8907607 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives With the emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, healthcare professionals (HCPs) have experienced high levels of stress and anxiety because of the high risk of infection for themselves and their families. This has led to acute sleep problems for HCP. This study was designed to assess the anxiety and sleep quality of HCPs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This cross-sectional study analyzed 370 HCPs employed at All India Institute of Medical Sciences Patna over 3 months, using the standard Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7) for suspected GAD and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index for sleep quality. Results were tabulated and multivariable binomial logistic regression analysis was done to determine the predictors of poor sleep. Significance was attributed to p<0.05. Results Of the 370 HCPs screened, 52 (14.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 10.8%–18.1%) were found to have GAD and 195 (52.7%; 95% CI, 47.5%–57.9%) were found to be poor sleepers. The presence of any addictive habit (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.833; 95% CI, 1.12–2.8), unprotected contact with COVID-19 cases (AOR, 1.902; 95% CI, 1.1–3.3), and the presence of GAD (AOR, 5.57; 95% CI, 2.5–12.4) were found to be predictors of poor sleep quality among HCPs. Conclusion A significant proportion of HCPs were found to have suspected GAD and were poor sleepers. This highlights the need for measures to confront this problem.
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How do Vaccinators Experience the Pandemic? Lifestyle Behaviors in a Sample of Italian Public Health Workers during the COVID-19 Era. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020247. [PMID: 35214705 PMCID: PMC8879067 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Public health workers (PHWs) have experienced substantial workload changes because of their role in managing measures to limit the spread of COVID-19. The study’s aim was to assess lifestyle changes in Italian PHWs during the pandemic. PHWs attending an annual meeting completed an anonymous questionnaire assessing their sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics and lifestyle changes during the pandemic. A total of 1000 questionnaires were completed. Most participants (63.5% women, mean age 40 ± 13.1 years) were of normal weight (61.5%), non-smokers (81.9%), had a total screen time of ≥5 h/day (83.1%), and slept at least 6 h/night (88.7%). Approximately one-third consumed sweet foods every day (30%) and did not engage in physical activity (34.6%). Current sweet food consumption, physical activity, and sleep were associated with changes in these behaviors in the last 2 years (Tau-b = 0.155; Tau-b = −0.175; Tau-b = −0.276, respectively, p < 0.001). An increase in remote working was associated with worse sleep (odds ratio (OR) 2.065, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.482–2.877) and diet (OR 1.982, 95% CI 1.385–2.838), and increased tablet/PC use (OR 3.314, 95% CI 2.358–4.656). Health promotion measures are needed to support the adoption of healthy lifestyles in this population during the current pandemic.
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Křeménková L, Novotný JS, Kvintová J. Two Waves of COVID-19 in University Setting: Mental Health and Underlying Risk Factors. Front Psychol 2022; 12:780071. [PMID: 35002867 PMCID: PMC8729183 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.780071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the paper was to assess the differences in the mental distress of university students in the first and second waves of COVID-19, to compare these levels with that of the general population as well as to identify the risk factors associated with the changes in mental health. A total of 2,025 university students in core psychology courses in all years of study at the Faculty of Education at Palacký University Olomouc were approached via e-mail. Of this number of students, 800 students took part in the study, divided into two groups from the spring (N = 438) and autumn (N = 362) pandemic waves. The data were collected online via Google Forms using a battery of questionnaires and analyzed using the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test, One-Sample Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and binary logistic regression. The results showed a high prevalence of depressive symptoms (38.4 and 51.4%), significant anxiety (43.8 and 37%), and high stress (19.9 and 22.9%) among students in both waves of the pandemic. Depression and stress also increased significantly during the second wave compared with the first one (r = 0.18 [0.12, 0.25] and r = 0.08 [0.01, 0.14]). Finally, university students showed significantly higher levels of mental distress than the general population in all of the variables and in both waves (r = 0.42-0.86). A variety of factors influenced different aspects of mental distress in the spring and autumn pandemic waves. Emotion regulation emerged as the most significant and pervasive factor, both influencing all of the three indicators of mental distress and being a significant predictor in both waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Křeménková
- Department of Psychology and Abnormal Psychology, Faculty of Education, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jan Sebastian Novotný
- Translational Neuroscience and Aging Program, Centre for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jana Kvintová
- Department of Psychology and Abnormal Psychology, Faculty of Education, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
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