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Jutila OEI, Mullin D, Vieno M, Tomlinson S, Taylor A, Corley J, Deary IJ, Cox SR, Baranyi G, Pearce J, Luciano M, Karlsson IK, Russ TC. Life-course exposure to air pollution and the risk of dementia in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. Environ Epidemiol 2025; 9:e355. [PMID: 39669703 PMCID: PMC11634326 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 10/18/2024] [Indexed: 12/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Air pollution in later life has been associated with dementia; however, limited research has investigated the association between air pollution across the life course, either at specific life periods or cumulatively. The project investigates the association of air pollution with dementia via a life-course epidemiological approach. Methods Participants of the Lothian Birth Cohort, born in 1936, provided lifetime residential history in 2014. Participant's air pollution exposure for time periods 1935, 1950, 1970, 1980, 1990, 2001, and 2007 was modeled using an atmospheric chemistry transport model. Lifetime cumulative exposures were calculated as time-weighted mean exposure. Of 572 participants, 67 developed all-cause dementia [35 with Alzheimer's dementia (AD)] by wave 5 (~82 years). Cox proportional hazards and competing risk models assessed the association between all-cause dementia and AD with particulate matter (diameter of ≤2.5 µm) PM2.5 and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure at specific life periods and cumulatively. False discovery rate (FDR) correction was applied for multiple testing. Results The mean follow-up was 11.26 years. One standard deviation (SD) higher exposure to air pollution in 1935 (PM2.5 = 14.03 μg/m3, NO2 = 5.35 μg/m3) was positively linked but not statistically significant to all-cause dementia [PM2.5 hazard ratio (HR) = 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.90, 1.49; NO2 HR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.88, 1.47] and AD (PM2.5 HR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.00, 1.91; NO2 HR = 1.35, 95% CI = 0.92, 1.99). In the competing risk model, one SD elevated PM2.5 exposure (1.12 μg/m3) in 1990 was inversely associated with dementia (subdistribution HR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.67, 0.99) at P = 0.034 but not after FDR correction (P FDR = 0.442). Higher cumulative PM2.5 per one SD was associated with an increased risk of all-cause dementia and AD for all accumulation models except for the early-life model. Conclusion The in-utero and early-life exposure to PM2.5 and NO2 was associated with higher AD and all-cause dementia risk, suggesting a sensitive/critical period. Cumulative exposure to PM2.5 across the life course was associated with higher dementia risk. Midlife PM2.5 exposure's negative association with all-cause dementia risk may stem from unaddressed confounders or bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto-Emil I. Jutila
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Deanary of Molecular, Genetic and Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Donncha Mullin
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Vieno
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH), Penicuik, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Tomlinson
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH), Penicuik, United Kingdom
| | - Adele Taylor
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Janie Corley
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ian J. Deary
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Simon R. Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Gergő Baranyi
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society & Health, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Pearce
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society & Health, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Luciano
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ida K. Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tom C. Russ
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Huang L, Hu X, Liu J, Wang J, Zhou Y, Li G, Dong G, Dong H. Air pollution is linked to cognitive decline independent of hypersensitive C-reactive protein: insights from middle-aged and older Chinese. Environ Health 2024; 23:111. [PMID: 39707297 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-024-01148-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 11/22/2024] [Indexed: 12/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term air pollution exposure and inflammation are considered to be associated with cognitive decline. However, whether air pollution exposure related cognitive decline is dependent on inflammation remains uncertain. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study collected data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) at baseline in 2011, with a follow up period in 2015. Concentration of air pollutants (particles with diameters ≤ 1.0 μm [PM1], ≤ 2.5 μm [PM2.5], ≤ 10 μm [PM10], nitrogen dioxide [NO2] and ozone [O3]) were obtained from China High Air Pollutants (CHAP) dataset. Hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), a systemic inflammation marker, was measured in blood of subjects and cognitive function was assessed by standardized questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 6434 participants were included in the study. Lower exposure to PM2.5, PM1, PM10 and NO2 were associated with mitigated cognitive decline. The odds ratios (ORs) for air pollutants changes and cognitive decline and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were as follows: PM2.5-0.934(0.925, 0.943), PM1- 0.945 (0.935,0.955), PM10-0.977(0.972,0.982) and NO2-0.962(0.950,0.975), respectively. Hs-CRP showed no significant correlation with cognitive decline or change in levels of air pollution. The interaction regression analyses, both unadjusted and adjusted, did not uncover any significant correlation between hs-CRP and air pollution with respect to cognitive decline. Bootstrap test exhibited no significant mediating effect of hs-CRP on the relationship between any air pollutants and cognitive decline, the indirect effects of hs-CRP in conjunction with exposure to different air pollutants were all found to be non-significant, with the following bootstrap CIs and p-values: PM2.5-1.000([1.000,1.000], P = 0.480),PM1-1.000([1.000,1.000], P = 0.230),PM10-1.000([1.000,1.000], P = 0.650), O3-1.000([1.000,1.000], P = 0.470), ΔNO2-1.000([1.000,1.000], P = 0.830) . CONCLUSION Ambient air pollution exposure was linked to cognitive decline independent of hs-CRP level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiangming Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yingling Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Guang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Guanghui Dong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Haojian Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Nyingchi People's Hospital, Nyingchi, Tibet, 860003, China.
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Purto H, Anabalon H, Vargas K, Jara D C, de la Vega R. Self-perceptual blindness to mental fatigue in mining workers. FRONTIERS IN NEUROERGONOMICS 2024; 5:1441243. [PMID: 39507492 PMCID: PMC11538053 DOI: 10.3389/fnrgo.2024.1441243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 11/08/2024]
Abstract
Mental fatigue is a psychophysiological state that adversely impacts performance in cognitive tasks, increasing risk of occupational hazards. Given its manifestation as a conscious sensation, it is often measured through subjective self-report. However, subjective measures are not always true measurements of objective fatigue. In this study, we investigated the relationship between objective and subjective fatigue measurements with the preventive AccessPoint fatigue assay in Chilean mine workers. Subjective fatigue was measured through the Samn-Perelli scale, objective fatigue through a neurocognitive reaction time task. We found that objective and subjective fatigue do not correlate (-0.03 correlation coefficient, p < 0.001). Moreover, severe fatigue cases often displayed absence of subjective fatigue coupled with worse cognitive performance, a phenomenon we denominated Perceptual Blindness to fatigue. These findings highlight the need for objective fatigue measurements, particularly in high-risk occupational settings such as mining. Our results open new avenues for researching mechanisms underlying fatigue perception and its implications for occupational health and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Purto
- Department of Psychiatry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | | - Ricardo de la Vega
- Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Parenteau AM, Hang S, Swartz JR, Wexler AS, Hostinar CE. Clearing the air: A systematic review of studies on air pollution and childhood brain outcomes to mobilize policy change. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 69:101436. [PMID: 39244820 PMCID: PMC11407021 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change, wildfires, and environmental justice concerns have drawn increased attention to the impact of air pollution on children's health and development. Children are especially vulnerable to air pollution exposure, as their brains and bodies are still developing. The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize available empirical evidence on the associations between air pollution exposure and brain outcomes in developmental samples (ages 0-18 years old). Studies were identified by searching the PubMed and Web of Science Core Collection databases and underwent a two-phase screening process before inclusion. 40 studies were included in the review, which included measures of air pollution and brain outcomes at various points in development. Results linked air pollution to varied brain outcomes, including structural volumetric and cortical thickness differences, alterations in white matter microstructure, functional network changes, metabolic and molecular effects, as well as tumor incidence. Few studies included longitudinal changes in brain outcomes. This review also suggests methodologies for incorporating air pollution measures in developmental cognitive neuroscience studies and provides specific policy recommendations to reduce air pollution exposure and promote healthy brain development by improving access to clean air.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sally Hang
- Psychology Department, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Johnna R Swartz
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Anthony S Wexler
- Air Quality Research Center, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, USA
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Ballvé A, Pizarro J, Maisterra O, Riba-Llena I, Pujadas F, Jiménez-Balado J, Palasi A, Cirach M, Turner MC, Sunyer J, Delgado P. Ambient air pollution, covert cerebrovascular disease and cognition: results from the ISSYS study. Eur J Neurol 2024; 31:e16404. [PMID: 39031977 DOI: 10.1111/ene.16404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although air pollution (AP) has been associated with stroke and dementia, data regarding its relationship with covert cerebrovascular disease (cCVD) and cognition over time are sparse. The aim of this study was to explore these relationships. METHODS A prospective population-based study of 976 stroke-free and non-demented individuals living in Barcelona, Spain, was conducted during 2010-2016. A land use regression model was used to estimate the exposure of each participant to AP: NOx, NO2, PM2.5, PM10, PMcoarse and PM2.5 absorbance. Cognitive function and cCVD were assessed at baseline (n = 976) and 4 years after (n = 317). Multivariate-adjusted models were developed. RESULTS At baseline, 99 participants (10.1%) had covert brain infarcts and 91 (9.3%) had extensive periventricular white matter hyperintensities (WMHs). Marked subcortical WMH progression was seen in 19.7%; the incidence of other covert cerebrovascular lessons ranged between 5% and 6% each. PM2.5 was related to higher odds of having a covert brain infarct (odds ratio [OR] 2.21; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-4.60). PM2.5 absorbance was related to higher odds of having extensive subcortical WMHs (OR 1.72; 95% CI 1.13-2.60), whereas NO2 was related to higher odds of having extensive subcortical (OR 1.66; 95% CI 1.17-2.35) or periventricular (OR 1.96; 95% CI 1.10-3.50) WMHs and to higher odds of developing marked subcortical WMH progression (OR 1.40; 95% CI 1.05-1.90). NOx was related to incident cerebral microbleeds (OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.04-1.79). There was no association between AP and cognition. CONCLUSIONS Air pollutant predicts the presence and accumulation of cCVD. Its impact on cognitive impairment remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ballvé
- Dementia Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - J Pizarro
- Dementia Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - O Maisterra
- Dementia Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Riba-Llena
- Dementia Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat de Trastorns Cognitius, Hospital Universitari Santa Maria, Lleida, Spain
| | - F Pujadas
- Dementia Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Jiménez-Balado
- Dementia Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Neurovascular Research Group, Neurology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Palasi
- Dementia Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Cirach
- Neurovascular Research Group, Neurology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Salut Global de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M C Turner
- Institut de Salut Global de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - J Sunyer
- Institut de Salut Global de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - P Delgado
- Dementia Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
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Hsiao PJ, Wu CD, Wong PY, Chung MC, Yang YW, Wu LY, Hsiao KY, Chung CJ. APOE-ε4 Alleles Modify the Decline of MMSE Scores Associated With Time-Dependent PM 2.5 Exposure: Findings From a Community-Based Longitudinal Cohort Study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2024; 32:1080-1092. [PMID: 38228451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2023.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Limited research has explored the long-term effect of reduced PM2.5 exposure on cognitive function. This study aimed to investigate the effects of time-dependent PM2.5 exposure and the interactions of PM2.5 and aging on declines in Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores, in carriers and non-carriers of the APOE-ε4 allele. METHODS Participants aged over 60 were recruited for this cohort study, undergoing MMSE tests twice from the Taiwan Biobank Program from 2008 to 2020. Participants with dementia or baseline MMSE scores <24 were excluded. Annual PM2.5 levels were estimated using a hybrid kriging/land use regression model with extreme gradient boosting, treated as a time-dependent variable. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess the impacts of repeated PM2.5 on MMSE decline, further stratified by the presence of APOE-ε4 alleles. RESULTS After follow-up, 290 participants out of the overall 7,000 community residents in the Biobank dataset demonstrated incidences of MMSE declines (<24), with an average MMSE score decline of 1.11 per year. Participants with ε4/ε4 alleles in the APOE gene had significantly 3.68-fold risks of MMSE decline. High levels of PM2.5 across all visits were significantly associated with worsening of scores on the overall MMSE. As annual levels of PM2.5 decreased over time, the impact of PM2.5 on MMSE decline also slowly diminished. CONCLUSION Long-term PM2.5 exposure may be associated with increased risk of MMSE decline, despite improvements in ambient PM2.5 levels over time. Validation of these results necessitates a large-scale prospective cohort study with more concise cognitive screening tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Jen Hsiao
- Department of Urology (P-JH), China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Da Wu
- Department of Geomatics (C-DW), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (C-DW), National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (C-DW), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Wong
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health (P-YW), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Chi Chung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (M-CC), Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wan Yang
- Department of Neurology (Y-WY), China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Laing-You Wu
- Department of Public Health (L-YW, C-JC), College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yu Hsiao
- Division of Thoracic Surgery (K-YH), Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jung Chung
- Department of Public Health (L-YW, C-JC), College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research (C-JC), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Meo SA, Shaikh N, Alotaibi M, AlWabel AA, Alqumaidi H. Effect of air pollutants particulate matter (PM 2.5, PM 10), sulfur dioxide (SO 2) and ozone (O 3) on cognitive health. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19616. [PMID: 39179784 PMCID: PMC11343771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70646-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Impaired cognitive health is the leading cause of various disabilities and disorders. Air pollution has been dramatically increasing over the last few decades and has been identified as a potential risk factor for impaired cognitive health. This study investigates the effect of air pollutants, particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ground-level ozone, on global cognitive health. The data on environmental pollutants and cognitive health were recorded from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Initially, 790 articles were identified after screening for duplicates and applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 21 studies were included, and data was synthesized to get a pooled result. The overall results revealed that increased exposure to PM2.5 was positively and significantly associated with cognitive decline (OR 1.49; 95% CI 1.11, 1.99; p = 0.01). The risk of cognitive impairment due to PM10 (OR 1.30; 95% CI 1.00-1.70, p = 0.05), and SO2 (OR 1.39; 95% CI 1.27-1.51; p < 0.01) exposure were also significantly heightened. The study findings show that overall exposure to particulate matter PM2.5, PM10, and SO2 was associated with an increased risk of a decrease in global cognitive functions. The findings suggest that reducing levels of air pollutants could be a strategic approach to mitigate cognitive health risks in populations worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Ayoub Meo
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Narmeen Shaikh
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Metib Alotaibi
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Abdulziz AlWabel
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamid Alqumaidi
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Oudin A, Raza W, Flanagan E, Segersson D, Jalava P, Kanninen KM, Rönkkö T, Giugno R, Sandström T, Muala A, Topinka J, Sommar J. Exposure to source-specific air pollution in residential areas and its association with dementia incidence: a cohort study in Northern Sweden. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15521. [PMID: 38969679 PMCID: PMC11226641 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66166-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between source-specific ambient particulate air pollution concentrations and the incidence of dementia. The study encompassed 70,057 participants from the Västerbotten intervention program cohort in Northern Sweden with a median age of 40 years at baseline. High-resolution dispersion models were employed to estimate source-specific particulate matter (PM) concentrations, such as PM10 and PM2.5 from traffic, exhaust, and biomass (mainly wood) burning, at the residential addresses of each participant. Cox regression models, adjusted for potential confounding factors, were used for the assessment. Over 884,847 person-years of follow-up, 409 incident dementia cases, identified through national registers, were observed. The study population's average exposure to annual mean total PM10 and PM2.5 lag 1-5 years was 9.50 µg/m3 and 5.61 µg/m3, respectively. Increased risks were identified for PM10-Traffic (35% [95% CI 0-82%]) and PM2.5-Exhaust (33% [95% CI - 2 to 79%]) in the second exposure tertile for lag 1-5 years, although no such risks were observed in the third tertile. Interestingly, a negative association was observed between PM2.5-Wood burning and the risk of dementia. In summary, this register-based study did not conclusively establish a strong association between air pollution exposure and the incidence of dementia. While some evidence indicated elevated risks for PM10-Traffic and PM2.5-Exhaust, and conversely, a negative association for PM2.5-Wood burning, no clear exposure-response relationships were evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Oudin
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Wasif Raza
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Erin Flanagan
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - David Segersson
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Pasi Jalava
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Katja M Kanninen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Topi Rönkkö
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Rosalba Giugno
- Computer Science Department, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Thomas Sandström
- Division of Medicine/Respiratory Medicine, Department of Toxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ala Muala
- Division of Medicine/Respiratory Medicine, Department of Toxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jan Topinka
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Johan Sommar
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Roche IV, Ubalde-Lopez M, Daher C, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Gascon M. The Health-Related and Learning Performance Effects of Air Pollution and Other Urban-Related Environmental Factors on School-Age Children and Adolescents-A Scoping Review of Systematic Reviews. Curr Environ Health Rep 2024; 11:300-316. [PMID: 38369581 PMCID: PMC11082043 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-024-00431-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This scoping review aims to assess the impact of air pollution, traffic noise, heat, and green and blue space exposures on the physical and cognitive development of school-age children and adolescents. While existing evidence indicates adverse effects of transport-related exposures on their health, a comprehensive scoping review is necessary to consolidate findings on various urban environmental exposures' effects on children's development. RECENT FINDINGS There is consistent evidence on how air pollution negatively affects children's cognitive and respiratory health and learning performance, increasing their susceptibility to diseases in their adult life. Scientific evidence on heat and traffic noise, while less researched, indicates that they negatively affect children's health. On the contrary, green space exposure seems to benefit or mitigate these adverse effects, suggesting a potential strategy to promote children's cognitive and physical development in urban settings. This review underscores the substantial impact of urban exposures on the physical and mental development of children and adolescents. It highlights adverse health effects that can extend into adulthood, affecting academic opportunities and well-being beyond health. While acknowledging the necessity for more research on the mechanisms of air pollution effects and associations with heat and noise exposure, the review advocates prioritizing policy changes and urban planning interventions. This includes minimizing air pollution and traffic noise while enhancing urban vegetation, particularly in school environments, to ensure the healthy development of children and promote lifelong health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Valls Roche
- ISGlobal, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona-PRBB, C/ Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mònica Ubalde-Lopez
- ISGlobal, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona-PRBB, C/ Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolyn Daher
- ISGlobal, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona-PRBB, C/ Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- ISGlobal, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona-PRBB, C/ Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Gascon
- ISGlobal, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona-PRBB, C/ Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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10
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McGuinness AJ, Loughman A, Foster JA, Jacka F. Mood Disorders: The Gut Bacteriome and Beyond. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:319-328. [PMID: 37661007 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the microbiome-gut-brain axis has revolutionized the field of psychiatry. It is now well recognized that the gut bacteriome is associated with, and likely influences, the pathogenesis of mental disorders, including major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. However, while substantial advances in the field of microbiome science have been made, we have likely only scratched the surface in our understanding of how these ecosystems might contribute to mental disorder pathophysiology. Beyond the gut bacteriome, research into lesser explored components of the gut microbiome, including the gut virome, mycobiome, archaeome, and parasitome, is increasingly suggesting relevance in psychiatry. The contribution of microbiomes beyond the gut, including the oral, lung, and small intestinal microbiomes, to human health and pathology should not be overlooked. Increasing both our awareness and understanding of these less traversed fields of research are critical to improving the therapeutic benefits of treatments targeting the gut microbiome, including fecal microbiome transplantation, postbiotics and biogenics, and dietary intervention. Interdisciplinary collaborations integrating systems biology approaches are required to fully elucidate how these different microbial components and distinct microbial niches interact with each other and their human hosts. Excitingly, we may be at the start of the next microbiome revolution and thus one step closer to informing the field of precision psychiatry to improve outcomes for those living with mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia J McGuinness
- Food and Mood Centre, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Amy Loughman
- Food and Mood Centre, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jane A Foster
- Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Felice Jacka
- Food and Mood Centre, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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11
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Sun Z, Han Z, Zhu D. How does air pollution threaten mental health? Protocol for a machine-learning enhanced systematic map. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e071209. [PMID: 38245011 PMCID: PMC10806688 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-071209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Air pollution exposure has influenced a broad range of mental health conditions. It has attracted research from multiple disciplines such as biomedical sciences, epidemiology, neurological science, and social science due to its importance for public health, with implications for environmental policies. Establishing and identifying the causal and moderator effects is challenging and is particularly concerning considering the different mental health measurements, study designs and data collection strategies (eg, surveys, interviews) in different disciplines. This has created a fragmented research landscape which hinders efforts to integrate key insights from different niches, and makes it difficult to identify current research trends and gaps. METHOD AND ANALYSIS This systematic map will follow the Collaboration for Environmental Evidence's guidelines and standards and Reporting Standards for Systematic Evidence Syntheses guidelines. Different databases and relevant web-based search engines will be used to collect the relevant literature. The time period of search strategies is conducted from the inception of the database until November 2022. Citation tracing and backward references snowballing will be used to identify additional studies. Data will be extracted by combining of literature mining and manual correction. Data coding for each article will be completed by two independent reviewers and conflicts will be reconciled between them. Machine learning technology will be applied throughout the systematic mapping process. Literature mining will rapidly screen and code the numerous available articles, enabling the breadth and diversity of the expanding literature base to be considered. The systematic map output will be provided as a publicly available database. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Primary data will not be collected and ethical approval is not required in this study. The findings of this study will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed scientific journal and academic conference presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuanlan Sun
- High-Quality Development Evaluation Institute, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhe Han
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Demi Zhu
- School of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- China Institute for Urban Governance, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Ge R, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Sun H, Chang J. Association of long-term exposure to various ambient air pollutants, lifestyle, and genetic predisposition with incident cognitive impairment and dementia. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:179. [PMID: 38225615 PMCID: PMC10788974 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17702-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term exposure to air pollution has been found to contribute to the development of cognitive decline. Our study aimed to assess the association between various air pollutants and cognitive impairment and dementia. Additionally, explore the modification effects of lifestyle and genetic predisposition. METHODS The exposure levels to various air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM) with diameters ≤ 2.5 (PM2.5), ≤ 10 (PM10), and between 2.5 and 10 μm (PM2.5-10) and nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2) were identified. An air pollution score (APS) was calculated to evaluate the combined exposure to these five air pollutants. A genetic risk estimate and healthy lifestyle score (HLS) were also generated. The Cox regression model adjusted by potential confounders was adopted to access the association between pollution exposure and cognitive decline, and several sensitivity analyses were additionally conducted to test the robustness. RESULTS The combined exposure to air pollutants was associated with an increased risk of incident cognitive decline. Compared with the low exposure group, the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's dementia, vascular dementia, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in those exposed to the highest levels of air pollutants were respectively 1.07 (95% CI: 1.04 to 1.09), 1.08 (95% CI: 1.04 to 1.12), 1.07 (95% CI: 1.02 to 1.13), and 1.19 (95% CI: 1.12 to 1.27). However, the modification effects from genetic predisposition were not widely observed, while on the contrary for the healthy lifestyle. Our findings were proven to be reliable and robust based on the results of sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to air pollution was found to be a significant contributing factor to cognitive impairment and dementia, and this association was not easily modified by an individual's genetic predisposition. However, adopting a healthy lifestyle may help to manage the risk of cognitive decline related to air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongguang Ge
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Zengli Zhang
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Hongpeng Sun
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
| | - Jie Chang
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
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13
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Xie XY, Huang LY, Cheng GR, Liu D, Hu FF, Zhang JJ, Han GB, Liu XC, Wang JY, Zhou J, Zeng DY, Liu J, Nie QQ, Song D, Yu YF, Hu CL, Fu YD, Li SY, Cai C, Cui YY, Cai WY, Li YQ, Fan RJ, Wan H, Xu L, Ou YM, Chen XX, Zhou YL, Chen YS, Li JQ, Wei Z, Wu Q, Mei YF, Tan W, Song SJ, Zeng Y. Association Between Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and the Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment in a Chinese Urban Area: A Case-Control Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:941-955. [PMID: 38489185 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Background As a prodromal stage of dementia, significant emphasis has been placed on the identification of modifiable risks of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Research has indicated a correlation between exposure to air pollution and cognitive function in older adults. However, few studies have examined such an association among the MCI population inChina. Objective We aimed to explore the association between air pollution exposure and MCI risk from the Hubei Memory and Aging Cohort Study. Methods We measured four pollutants from 2015 to 2018, 3 years before the cognitive assessment of the participants. Logistic regression models were employed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) to assess the relationship between air pollutants and MCI risk. Results Among 4,205 older participants, the adjusted ORs of MCI risk for the highest quartile of PM2.5, PM10, O3, and SO2 were 1.90 (1.39, 2.62), 1.77 (1.28, 2.47), 0.56 (0.42, 0.75), and 1.18 (0.87, 1.61) respectively, compared with the lowest quartile. Stratified analyses indicated that such associations were found in both males and females, but were more significant in older participants. Conclusions Our findings are consistent with the growing evidence suggesting that air pollution increases the risk of mild cognitive decline, which has considerable guiding significance for early intervention of dementia in the older population. Further studies in other populations and broader geographical areas are warranted to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yan Xie
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin-Ya Huang
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gui-Rong Cheng
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei-Fei Hu
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhang
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang-Bin Han
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Chang Liu
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun-Yi Wang
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - De-Yang Zeng
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian-Qian Nie
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Song
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Fu Yu
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen-Lu Hu
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi-Di Fu
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shi-Yue Li
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Cai
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Yang Cui
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wan-Ying Cai
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi-Qing Li
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ren-Jia Fan
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Wan
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lang Xu
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang-Ming Ou
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing-Xing Chen
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan-Ling Zhou
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Shan Chen
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin-Quan Li
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Wei
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Fei Mei
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shao-Jun Song
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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14
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Evrensel A. Probiotics and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Major Depression: Doxa or Episteme? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1456:67-83. [PMID: 39261424 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-97-4402-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
In the human body, eukaryotic somatic cells and prokaryotic microorganisms live together. In this state, the body can be viewed as a "superorganism." Symbiotic life with commensal microorganisms can be observed in almost every part of the body. Intestinal microbiota plays an important role in health and disease, and in shaping and regulating neuronal functions from the intrauterine period to the end of life. Microbiota-based treatment opportunities are becoming more evident in both understanding the etiopathogenesis and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders, especially depression. Antidepressant drugs, which are the first choice in the treatment of depression, also have antimicrobial and immunomodulatory mechanisms of action. From these perspectives, direct probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation are treatment options to modulate microbiota composition. There are few preclinical and clinical studies on the effectiveness and safety of these applications in depression. The information obtained from these studies may still be at a doxa level. However, the probability that this information will become episteme in the future seems to be increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper Evrensel
- Department of Psychiatry, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey.
- NP Brain Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
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15
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Fazel M, Soneson E. Current evidence and opportunities in child and adolescent public mental health: a research review. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023; 64:1699-1719. [PMID: 37771261 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A public mental health lens is increasingly required to better understand the complex and multifactorial influences of interpersonal, community and institutional systems on the mental health of children and adolescents. METHODS This research review (1) provides an overview of public mental health and proposes a new interactional schema that can guide research and practice, (2) summarises recent evidence on public mental health interventions for children and adolescents, (3) highlights current challenges for this population that might benefit from additional attention and (4) discusses methodological and conceptual hurdles and proposes potential solutions. RESULTS In our evidence review, a broad range of universal, selective and indicated interventions with a variety of targets, mechanisms and settings were identified, some of which (most notably parenting programmes and various school-based interventions) have demonstrated small-to-modest positive effects. Few, however, have achieved sustained mental health improvements. CONCLUSIONS There is an opportunity to re-think how public mental health interventions are designed, evaluated and implemented. Deliberate design, encompassing careful consideration of the aims and population-level impacts of interventions, complemented by measurement that embraces complexity through more in-depth characterisation, or 'phenotyping', of interpersonal and environmental elements is needed. Opportunities to improve child and adolescent mental health outcomes are gaining unprecedented momentum. Innovative new methodology, heightened public awareness, institutional interest and supportive funding can enable enhanced study of public mental health that does not shy away from complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Fazel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emma Soneson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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16
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Guilbert A, Bernard JY, Peyre H, Costet N, Hough I, Seyve E, Monfort C, Philippat C, Slama R, Kloog I, Chevrier C, Heude B, Ramus F, Lepeule J. Prenatal and childhood exposure to ambient air pollution and cognitive function in school-age children: Examining sensitive windows and sex-specific associations. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 235:116557. [PMID: 37423370 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combined effect of both prenatal and early postnatal exposure to ambient air pollution on child cognition has rarely been investigated and periods of sensitivity are unknown. This study explores the temporal relationship between pre- and postnatal exposure to PM10, PM2.5, NO2 and child cognitive function. METHODS Using validated spatiotemporally resolved exposure models, pre- and postnatal daily PM2.5, PM10 (satellite based, 1 km resolution) and NO2 (chemistry-transport model, 4 km resolution) concentrations at the mother's residence were estimated for 1271 mother-child pairs from the French EDEN and PELAGIE cohorts. Scores representative of children's General, Verbal and Non-Verbal abilities at 5-6 years were constructed based on subscale scores from the WPPSI-III, WISC-IV or NEPSY-II batteries, using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Associations of both prenatal (first 35 gestational weeks) and postnatal (60 months after birth) exposure to air pollutants with child cognition were explored using Distributed Lag Non-linear Models adjusted for confounders. RESULTS Increased maternal exposure to PM10, PM2.5 and NO2, during sensitive windows comprised between the 15th and the 33rd gestational weeks, was associated with lower males' General and Non-verbal abilities. Higher postnatal exposure to PM2.5 between the 35th and 52nd month of life was associated with lower males' General, Verbal and Non-verbal abilities. Some protective associations were punctually observed for the very first gestational weeks or months of life for both males and females and the different pollutants and cognitive scores. DISCUSSION These results suggest poorer cognitive function at 5-6 years among males following increased maternal exposure to PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 during mid-pregnancy and child exposure to PM2.5 around 3-4 years. Apparent protective associations observed are unlikely to be causal and might be due to live birth selection bias, chance finding or residual confounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Guilbert
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, 38700, La Tronche, France.
| | - Jonathan Y Bernard
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), 75004, Paris, France
| | - Hugo Peyre
- Centre de Ressources Autisme Languedoc-Roussillon et Centre d'Excellence sur l'Autisme et les Troubles Neuro-développementaux, CHU Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, 94807, Villejuif, France; Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, EHESS, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Costet
- Team of Epidemiology and Exposure Science in Health and Environment, Research Center on Environmental and Occupational Health (IRSET), Inserm, Université Rennes, EHESP, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Ian Hough
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, 38700, La Tronche, France; Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel; Institute of Environmental Geosciences (IGE), Université Grenoble Alpes, 38400, Saint Martin D'Hères, France
| | - Emie Seyve
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, 38700, La Tronche, France
| | - Christine Monfort
- Team of Epidemiology and Exposure Science in Health and Environment, Research Center on Environmental and Occupational Health (IRSET), Inserm, Université Rennes, EHESP, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Claire Philippat
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, 38700, La Tronche, France
| | - Rémy Slama
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, 38700, La Tronche, France
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Cécile Chevrier
- Team of Epidemiology and Exposure Science in Health and Environment, Research Center on Environmental and Occupational Health (IRSET), Inserm, Université Rennes, EHESP, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Barbara Heude
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), 75004, Paris, France
| | - Franck Ramus
- Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, EHESS, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Johanna Lepeule
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, 38700, La Tronche, France.
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Kingdon C. Air pollution is the largest environmental risk to public health and children are especially vulnerable. BMJ 2023; 381:1037. [PMID: 37188379 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.p1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
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18
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Yuan A, Halabicky O, Rao H, Liu J. Lifetime air pollution exposure, cognitive deficits, and brain imaging outcomes: A systematic review. Neurotoxicology 2023; 96:69-80. [PMID: 37001821 PMCID: PMC10963081 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
As the amount of air pollution and human exposure has increased, the effects on human health have become an important public health issue. A field of growing interest is how air pollution exposure affects brain structure and function underlying cognitive deficits and if structural and connectivity changes mediate the relationship between the two. We conducted a systematic review to examine the literature on air pollution, brain structure and connectivity, and cognition studies. Eleven studies matched our inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative analysis. Results suggest significant associations between air pollution and decreased volumes of specific brain structures, cortical thickness and surface area such as in the prefrontal cortex and temporal lobe, as well as the weakening of functional connectivity pathways, largely the Default Mode (DMN) and Frontal Parietal (FPN) networks, as detected by fMRI. Associations between air pollution and cognitive outcomes were found in most of the studies (n = 9), though some studies showed stronger associations than others. For children & adolescents, these deficiencies largely involved heavy reasoning, problem solving, and logic. For young and middle-aged adults, the associations were mostly seen for executive function and visuospatial cognitive domains. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review to consolidate findings on the associations among air pollution, brain structure, and cognitive function. In the future, it will be important to conduct further longitudinal studies that follow children who have been exposed at a young age and examine associations with brain structure and cognition throughout adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Yuan
- University of Pennsylvania, College of Arts & Sciences, 249 S 36th St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Olivia Halabicky
- University of Michigan, School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Hengyi Rao
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Jianghong Liu
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing, 418 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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Wang Y, Crowe M, Knibbs LD, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Mygind L, Kerr JA, Wake M, Olsson CA, Enticott PG, Peters RL, Daraganova G, Mavoa S, Lycett K. Greenness modifies the association between ambient air pollution and cognitive function in Australian adolescents, but not in mid-life adults. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 324:121329. [PMID: 36822308 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Exposure to ambient air pollution has been associated with reduced cognitive function in childhood and later life, with too few mid-life studies to draw conclusions. In contrast, residential greenness has been associated with enhanced cognitive function throughout the lifecourse. Here we examine the extent to which (1) ambient air pollution and residential greenness predict later cognitive function in adolescence and mid-life, and (2) greenness modifies air pollution-cognitive function associations. PARTICIPANTS 6220 adolescents (51% male) and 2623 mid-life adults (96% mothers) from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. MEASURES Exposures: Annual average particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and greenness (Normalised Difference Vegetation Index) for residential addresses from validated land-use regression models over a 10-13-year period. OUTCOMES Cognitive function from CogState tests of attention, working memory and executive function, dichotomised into poorer (worst quartile) versus not poor. ANALYSES Adjusted mixed-effects generalised linear models with residential greenness assessed as an effect modifier (high vs. low divided at median). The annual mean for PM2.5 and NO2 across exposure windows was 6.3-6.8 μg/m3, and 5.5-7.1 ppb, respectively. For adolescents, an IQR increment of NO2 was associated with 19-24% increased odds of having poorer executive function across all time windows, while associations weren't observed between air pollution and other outcomes. For adults, high NO2 predicted poorer cognitive function across all outcomes, while high PM2.5 predicted poorer attention only. There was little evidence of associations between greenness and cognitive function in adjusted models for both generations. Interactions were found between residential greenness, air pollutants and cognitive function in adolescents, but not adults. The magnitude of effects was similar across generations and exposure windows. Findings highlight the potential benefits of cognitive health associated with the regulation of air pollution and urban planning strategies for increasing green spaces and vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Wang
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia; Population Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Mallery Crowe
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Luke D Knibbs
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; Public Health Unit, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Lærke Mygind
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia; Unit of Medical Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 1353, Denmark; Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, The Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, 2000, Denmark
| | - Jessica A Kerr
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia; Population Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Melissa Wake
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia; Population Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Craig A Olsson
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia; Population Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Peter G Enticott
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Rachel L Peters
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia; Population Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Galina Daraganova
- Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia; Business Intelligence, South Eastern Melbourne Primary Health Network, Melbourne, VIC, 3202, Australia
| | - Suzanne Mavoa
- Population Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Environmental Public Health Branch, Environment Protection Authority Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Kate Lycett
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia; Population Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
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20
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Franz CE, Gustavson DE, Elman JA, Fennema-Notestine C, Hagler DJ, Baraff A, Tu XM, Wu TC, DeAnda J, Beck A, Kaufman JD, Whitsel N, Finch CE, Chen JC, Lyons MJ, Kremen WS. Associations Between Ambient Air Pollution and Cognitive Abilities from Midlife to Early Old Age: Modification by APOE Genotype. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 93:193-209. [PMID: 36970897 PMCID: PMC10827529 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) measures of ambient air pollution are associated with accelerated age-related cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). OBJECTIVE We examined associations between air pollution, four cognitive factors, and the moderating role of apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype in the understudied period of midlife. METHODS Participants were ∼1,100 men in the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging. Baseline cognitive assessments were from 2003 to 2007. Measures included past (1993-1999) and recent (3 years prior to baseline assessment) PM2.5 and NO2 exposure, in-person assessment of episodic memory, executive function, verbal fluency, and processing speed, and APOE genotype. Average baseline age was 56 years with a 12-year follow-up. Analyses adjusted for health and lifestyle covariates. RESULTS Performance in all cognitive domains declined from age 56 to 68. Higher PM2.5 exposures were associated with worse general verbal fluency. We found significant exposure-by-APOE genotype interactions for specific cognitive domains: PM2.5 with executive function and NO2 with episodic memory. Higher PM2.5 exposure was related to worse executive function in APOE ɛ4 carriers, but not in non-carriers. There were no associations with processing speed. CONCLUSION These results indicate negative effects of ambient air pollution exposure on fluency alongside intriguing differential modifications of cognitive performance by APOE genotype. APOE ɛ4 carriers appeared more sensitive to environmental differences. The process by which air pollution and its interaction with genetic risk for ADRD affects risk for later life cognitive decline or progression to dementia may begin in midlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol E. Franz
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Daniel E. Gustavson
- Institute for Behavior Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Jeremy A. Elman
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Christine Fennema-Notestine
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Donald J. Hagler
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Aaron Baraff
- Vietnam Era Twin Registry, VA Puget Sound Health Care, Seattle, WA
| | - Xin M. Tu
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health & Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, CA
| | - Tsung-Chin Wu
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health & Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, CA
| | - Jaden DeAnda
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - Asad Beck
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Joel D. Kaufman
- Epidemiology, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, and General Internal Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Nathan Whitsel
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Caleb E. Finch
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jiu-Chiuan Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Michael J. Lyons
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - William S. Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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21
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Castellani B, Bartington S, Wistow J, Heckels N, Ellison A, Van Tongeren M, Arnold SR, Barbrook-Johnson P, Bicket M, Pope FD, Russ TC, Clarke CL, Pirani M, Schwannauer M, Vieno M, Turnbull R, Gilbert N, Reis S. Mitigating the impact of air pollution on dementia and brain health: Setting the policy agenda. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114362. [PMID: 36130664 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging research suggests exposure to high levels of air pollution at critical points in the life-course is detrimental to brain health, including cognitive decline and dementia. Social determinants play a significant role, including socio-economic deprivation, environmental factors and heightened health and social inequalities. Policies have been proposed more generally, but their benefits for brain health have yet to be fully explored. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS Over the course of two years, we worked as a consortium of 20+ academics in a participatory and consensus method to develop the first policy agenda for mitigating air pollution's impact on brain health and dementia, including an umbrella review and engaging 11 stakeholder organisations. RESULTS We identified three policy domains and 14 priority areas. Research and Funding included: (1) embracing a complexities of place approach that (2) highlights vulnerable populations; (3) details the impact of ambient PM2.5 on brain health, including current and historical high-resolution exposure models; (4) emphasises the importance of indoor air pollution; (5) catalogues the multiple pathways to disease for brain health and dementia, including those most at risk; (6) embraces a life course perspective; and (7) radically rethinks funding. Education and Awareness included: (8) making this unrecognised public health issue known; (9) developing educational products; (10) attaching air pollution and brain health to existing strategies and campaigns; and (11) providing publicly available monitoring, assessment and screening tools. Policy Evaluation included: (12) conducting complex systems evaluation; (13) engaging in co-production; and (14) evaluating air quality policies for their brain health benefits. CONCLUSION Given the pressing issues of brain health, dementia and air pollution, setting a policy agenda is crucial. Policy needs to be matched by scientific evidence and appropriate guidelines, including bespoke strategies to optimise impact and mitigate unintended consequences. The agenda provided here is the first step toward such a plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Castellani
- Durham Research Methods Centre, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom; Centre for the Evaluation of Complexity Across the Nexus, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom; Wolfson Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Durham University, Stockton Road, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom; Department of Sociology, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.
| | - Suzanne Bartington
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Wistow
- Wolfson Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Durham University, Stockton Road, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom; Department of Sociology, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Heckels
- Research and Innovation Services, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Ellison
- Wolfson Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Durham University, Stockton Road, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Martie Van Tongeren
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Steve R Arnold
- School of Earth & Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Pete Barbrook-Johnson
- Centre for the Evaluation of Complexity Across the Nexus, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom; Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Martha Bicket
- Centre for the Evaluation of Complexity Across the Nexus, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Francis D Pope
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Tom C Russ
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte L Clarke
- Department of Sociology, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom; School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, United Kingdom
| | - Monica Pirani
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, W2 1PG, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Schwannauer
- School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Vieno
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Turnbull
- Academic Health Sciences Network, North East and North Cumbria, Nuns' Moor Road, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE4 5PL, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Gilbert
- Centre for the Evaluation of Complexity Across the Nexus, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Reis
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, United Kingdom; University of Exeter Medical School, European Centre for Environment and Health, Knowledge Spa, Truro, TR1 3HD, United Kingdom; The University of Edinburgh, School of Chemistry, Level 3, Murchison House, 10 Max Born Crescent, The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
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22
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Hou Y, Wei W, Li G, Sang N. Prenatal PM 2.5 exposure contributes to neuronal tau lesion in male offspring mice through mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated insulin resistance. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 246:114151. [PMID: 36228359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The epidemiological evidence has linked prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution with neurological diseases in offspring. However, the biological process and toxicological mechanisms remain unclear. Tau protein is a neuronal microtubule-associated protein expressed in fetal brain and plays a critical role in mediating neuronal development. Aberrant expression of tau is associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. To study whether prenatal exposure to PM2.5 pollution induce tau lesion in mice offspring and elucidate the underlying pathogenic mechanism, we exposed pregnant mice to PM2.5 (3 mg/kg b.w.) by oropharyngeal aspiration every other day. The results indicate that prenatal PM2.5 exposure induced hyperphosphorylation of tau in the cortex of postnatal male offspring, which was accompanied by insulin resistance through the IRS-1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Importantly, we further found that prenatal PM2.5 exposure induced mitochondrial dysfunction by disrupting mitochondrial ultrastructure and decreasing the expression of rate-limiting enzymes (CS, IDH2 and FH) in the Krebs cycle and the subunits of mitochondrial complex IV and V (CO1, CO4, ATP6, and ATP8) during postnatal neurodevelopment. The findings suggest that prenatal PM2.5 exposure could induce tauopathy-like changes in male offspring, in which mitochondrial dysfunction-induced insulin resistance might play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Hou
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Wei Wei
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Guangke Li
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China.
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23
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Mitochondrial ROS, ER Stress, and Nrf2 Crosstalk in the Regulation of Mitochondrial Apoptosis Induced by Arsenite. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11051034. [PMID: 35624898 PMCID: PMC9137803 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11051034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term ingestion of arsenicals, a heterogeneous group of toxic compounds, has been associated with a wide spectrum of human pathologies, which include various malignancies. Although their mechanism of toxicity remains largely unknown, it is generally believed that arsenicals mainly produce their effects via direct binding to protein thiols and ROS formation in different subcellular compartments. The generality of these mechanisms most probably accounts for the different effects mediated by different forms of the metalloid in a variety of cells and tissues. In order to learn more about the molecular mechanisms of cyto- and genotoxicity, there is a need to focus on specific arsenic compounds under tightly controlled conditions. This review focuses on the mechanisms regulating the mitochondrial formation of ROS after exposure to low concentrations of a specific arsenic compound, NaAsO2, and their crosstalk with the nuclear factor (erythroid-2 related) factor 2 antioxidant signaling and the endoplasmic reticulum stress response.
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24
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Zhang L, Luo Y, Zhang Y, Pan X, Zhao D, Wang Q. Green Space, Air Pollution, Weather, and Cognitive Function in Middle and Old Age in China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:871104. [PMID: 35586008 PMCID: PMC9108722 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.871104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior research has shown that environmental hazards, such as limited green space, air pollution, and harmful weather, have the strong adverse impact on older adults' cognitive function; however, most of the studies were conducted in developed countries and limited to cross-sectional analyses. China has the largest aging population in the world so the research evidence from it can offer an insight to the study in other developing countries facing similar issues and inform future public health policy and disease control. This study examined the long-term impact of environmental factors, namely, green space coverage, air pollution, and weather conditions on cognitive function using a nationally representative sample consisting of adults aged 45 years and older selected from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS 2011–2018), the China City Statistical Yearbook, and other sources. Multilevel growth curve models were utilized for analysis and the mediator effects of physical activity and social engagement on the relationship between environmental factors and cognitive function were examined. Findings of this study showed that after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, annual precipitation of 80 cm or more, living in areas with July temperature of 28°C or higher, urban community, and green space coverage were positively associated with cognition score at the baseline and lower precipitation, urban community, and greater green space coverage were associated with slower cognitive decline over a 7-year period. The impact of gross domestic product (GDP) seemed to take into effect more and more over time. These effects did not substantially change after weekly total hours of physical activities and levels of social engagement were added. More research on the mechanisms of the effect of environmental factors on cognition is needed such as the subgroup analyses and/or with more aspects of environmental measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhang
- Department of Nursing, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ye Luo
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Criminal Justice, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
- *Correspondence: Ye Luo
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Nursing, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xi Pan
- Department of Sociology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, United States
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Criminal Justice, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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