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Hidalgo-Fuentes S, Martínez-Álvarez I, Llamas-Salguero F, Pineda-Zelaya IS, Merino-Soto C, Chans GM. The role of big five traits and self-esteem on academic procrastination in Honduran and Spanish university students: A cross-cultural study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e36172. [PMID: 39253269 PMCID: PMC11381604 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Academic procrastination, a prevalent issue in higher education, has been associated with various adverse outcomes. This study aims to discern and compare the degrees of academic procrastination among university students in Honduras and Spain while also investigating the relationship between academic procrastination and the Big Five personality factors alongside self-esteem. The sample comprised 457 university students, encompassing 237 Hondurans and 220 Spaniards. The research employed descriptive, comparative, correlational, and regression analyses. Honduran university students exhibited a significantly lower level of academic procrastination. Correlational analyses revealed that self-esteem and all Big Five personality factors, except for neuroticism in the Spanish cohort, displayed noteworthy associations with academic procrastination. Further regression analyses demonstrated that conscientiousness emerged as a significant predictor of procrastination in both samples. This study's findings can be pivotal in identifying students at risk of procrastination at an early stage. Additionally, the results can inform the development of intervention programs designed to mitigate procrastination tendencies among university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Hidalgo-Fuentes
- Departamento de Psicología y Salud, Universidad a Distancia de Madrid (UDIMA), Vía de Servicio A-6, 15, 28400, Collado Villalba, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Psicología Básica. Universitat de València, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Martínez-Álvarez
- Departamento de Educación, Universidad a Distancia de Madrid (UDIMA), Vía de Servicio A-6, 15, 28400, Collado Villalba, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fátima Llamas-Salguero
- Departamento Ciencias de La Educación, Universidad de Extremadura, Av. de Elvas, S/n, 06006, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Iris Suyapa Pineda-Zelaya
- Universidad Pedagógica Nacional Francisco Morazán, Colonia Sitraleyde, La Ceiba, Atlántida, Honduras
| | - César Merino-Soto
- Institute for the Future of Education, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, 64700, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigación de La Escuela de Psicología, Universidad de San Martin de Porres, Lima 34, Lima, Peru
| | - Guillermo M Chans
- Institute for the Future of Education, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, 64700, Mexico
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico City, 01389, Mexico
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Pérez-Jorge D, Hernández-Henríquez AC, Melwani-Sadhwani R, Gallo-Mendoza AF. Tomorrow Never Comes: The Risks of Procrastination for Adolescent Health. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2024; 14:2140-2156. [PMID: 39194937 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe14080143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the relationship between procrastination and declining healthy habits among adolescents, a topic lacking systematic reviews in the existing literature. The primary purpose is to lay the groundwork for promoting mental health and preventing procrastination as risky behavior. This systematic review examined five areas related to procrastination and its influence on healthy lifestyle habits in adolescents: technology and procrastination; sleep and procrastination; academic procrastination; and the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings highlight that technology misuse is linked with procrastination; adolescents tend to procrastinate when going to sleep; academic procrastination negatively impacts long-term educational achievements, and the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated this phenomenon. Ultimately, it is concluded that procrastination is related to all these aspects and has detrimental effects on adolescents' physical and psychological development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pérez-Jorge
- Department of Didactics and Educational Research, Faculty of Education, University of La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
| | | | - Roshan Melwani-Sadhwani
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa Canarias, 35450 Las Palmas, Spain
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Wang Y, Ma Q. The impact of social isolation on smartphone addiction among college students: the multiple mediating effects of loneliness and COVID-19 anxiety. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1391415. [PMID: 39105145 PMCID: PMC11299513 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1391415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The widespread use of smartphones has significantly increased smartphone addiction among college students, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the COVID-19 outbreak, university campuses in mainland China have strictly followed the Chinese government's strict quarantine policy, including closed campus management, prohibitions against gatherings, and social distancing, increasing student loneliness and anxiety and thus increasing the risk of smartphone addiction. Extant Studies have revealed that social isolation is a prominent predictor of smartphone addiction but have failed to systematically explore the complex relationship between social isolation and smartphone addiction in the context of COVID-19; therefore, the underlying mechanisms of these factors in the post-pandemic era are unclear. Objective This study is the first attempt to consider loneliness, COVID-19 anxiety and social isolation as a whole and to clarify the underlying mechanisms of social isolation and smartphone addiction by constructing a multiple mediating model. Method This study included students enrolled at eight higher education institutions in Conghua District (Guangzhou city). Quota proportional sampling was adopted, 900 self-report questionnaires were distributed through the WeChat groups of these universities from December 10 to December 15, 2022, and 868 valid questionnaires (620 females, 248 males) were ultimately obtained. Results The direct effect of social isolation on smartphone addiction was significant, and loneliness and COVID-19 anxiety mediated the association between social isolation and smartphone addiction in both parallel and sequential ways. Moreover, a reverse mediation model with COVID-19 anxiety as the first mediator and loneliness as the second mediator was found. Conclusion College students who experience social isolation are at greater risk for smartphone addiction, and the core factor leading to their smartphone addiction is the subjective psychological state triggered by campus isolation and social distancing, such as loneliness and anxiety. These risky behaviors of people should receive extra attention, and psychological factors such as loneliness and COVID-19 anxiety should be considered in future therapies aimed at reducing addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- School of Journalism & Communication, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Public Administration, Nanfang College Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianying Ma
- School of Public Administration, Nanfang College Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Faculty of Modern Languages and Communication, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
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Ghasempour S, Babaei A, Nouri S, Basirinezhad MH, Abbasi A. Relationship between academic procrastination, self-esteem, and moral intelligence among medical sciences students: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:225. [PMID: 38654390 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01731-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Academic procrastination is a widespread phenomenon among students. Therefore, evaluating the related factors has always been among the major concerns of educational system researchers. The present study aimed to determine the relationship of academic procrastination with self-esteem and moral intelligence in Shahroud University of Medical Sciences students. METHODS This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 205 medical sciences students. Participants were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria using the convenience sampling technique. The data collection tools included a demographic information form, Solomon and Rothblum's Procrastination Assessment Scale-Students, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Lennick and Kiel's Moral Intelligence Questionnaire, all of which were completed online. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential tests (multivariate linear regression with backward method) in SPSS software. RESULTS 96.1% of participating students experienced moderate to severe levels of academic procrastination. Based on the results of the backward multivariate linear regression model, the variables in the model explained 27.7% of the variance of academic procrastination. Additionally, self-esteem (P < 0.001, β=-0.942), grade point average (P < 0.001, β=-2.383), and interest in the study field (P = 0.006, β=-1.139) were reported as factors related to students' academic procrastination. CONCLUSION According to the findings of this study, the majority of students suffer from high levels of academic procrastination. Furthermore, this problem was associated with low levels of self-esteem, grade point average, and interest in their field of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ghasempour
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Aliasghar Babaei
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Soheil Nouri
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Basirinezhad
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Abbasi
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
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Feng B, Dou G. Depression and Smartphone Addiction Among College Students: The Mediating Effect of Emotional Exhaustion. ALPHA PSYCHIATRY 2024; 25:269-276. [PMID: 38798817 PMCID: PMC11117419 DOI: 10.5152/alphapsychiatry.2024.231496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Objective Multiple studies claim that depression was a triggering factor for smartphone addiction among college students. But we still know very little about the underlying mechanisms of smartphone addiction. The aim was to shed light on the underlying mechanisms of smartphone addiction from the perspective of depression and emotional exhaustion, to provide alternative paths for university administrators to address smartphone addiction among college students. Methods A total of 2764 Chinese college students participated in the survey. They independently filled out self-assessment questionnaires including the Cell Phone Addiction Scale, Beck Depression Inventory II, and Emotional Exhaustion Scale. Subsequently, mediation analysis was conducted using the PROCESS macro developed by Hayes (v 4.0; Model 4). Results Statistical analysis showed that depression was positively correlated with emotional exhaustion and smartphone addiction, emotional exhaustion was positively correlated with smartphone addiction, all of which were statistically significant. In addition, the effect of depression on smartphone addiction among college students was partially mediated by emotional exhaustion. Conclusion The impact of depression and emotional exhaustion on smartphone addiction had been preliminarily explored, which had certain value for further understanding of smartphone addiction among college students. This study could provide references for universities to develop intervention measures for smartphone addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoan Feng
- Quzhou University, College of Teacher Education, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gaojie Dou
- Quzhou University, College of Foreign Languages and International Education, Zhejiang, China
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Zhou X, Yang F, Chen Y, Gao Y. The correlation between mobile phone addiction and procrastination in students: A meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2024; 346:317-328. [PMID: 37979628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mobile phone addiction (MPA) has been extensively researched as an important factor for students' procrastination. However, the direction and magnitudes of the correlation between MPA and procrastination remain unclear. This meta-analysis, thus, aims to explore the relationship between MPA and procrastination in students, as well as the moderating effects of participant's individual characteristics (education level and sex), measurement tools, and social situational factors (publication year and culture). METHODS Qualified studies were obtained through a systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, and Weipu. Meta-analysis was conducted in the CMA 3.0 software, and meta-analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the moderating effect. RESULTS A total of 75 studies, including 48,031 participants, were obtained. The combined effect size of the random effects model showed a significant positive correlation between MPA and procrastination in students (r = 0.376, 95 % CI [0.345, 0.406]). Education level, sex, culture, and MPA measurement tools significantly moderated the correlation between MPA and procrastination. However, the correlation was not moderated by the year of publication and the measurement tools of procrastination. CONCLUSION MPA is positively correlated with procrastination in students. Given the high incidence of MPA in students and its potential risk factors for procrastination, attention should be paid to the identification and intervention of MPA to prevent students from procrastination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhou
- Department of Social Work, School of Sociology and Political Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Social Work, School of Sociology and Political Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yourong Gao
- Department of Social Work, School of Sociology and Political Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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Mokhtarinia HR, Torkamani MH, Farmani N, Gabel CP. Smartphone addiction prevalence, patterns of use, and experienced musculoskeletal discomfort during the COVID-19 pandemic in a general Iranian population. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:161. [PMID: 38212749 PMCID: PMC10785387 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17654-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smartphone usage is an essential everyday tool in Iran, however problematic use has escalated and become a concern for the Iranian health policy system, particularly during and following the COVID-19 Pandemic. This study's aim was investigation of the prevalence of smartphone addiction, patterns of use, and the relationship to specific demographic characteristics and associated musculoskeletal disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A descriptive-analytical correlational study recruited participants from a population of convenience (n = 2344) who were smartphone owners with > 1 year of use. For demographic information an electronic self-report questionnaire collected age, sex, marital status, usage for daily hours, and patterns. To assess addiction levels, the 'Smartphone Addiction Scale-short version' (SAS-SV) patient-reported outcome measure was used (cut-off = 31). For experienced discomfort, the Extended Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (ENMQ) was used. RESULTS The participants (female = 66.6%, n = 1561, mean age = 29.07 ± 12.34 years, range 6-60 years) smartphone use averaged 5.75 ± 3.44 h/day. The general prevalence of smartphone addiction was 46.16% (females = 46.06%, males = 46.36%; married = 44.5%, single = 47.63%). School students had the greatest addiction (53.2%) and those with a higher education to or above a Master's degree were the lowest (39.38%). The highest pattern of use was for social networks at 89.1% of participants (female = 88.34%, male = 90.54%). The areas of highest reported discomfort were the eyes (43.5%) and neck (43.3%). A significant correlation was found between smartphone addiction and hours of daily usage, and the amount of usage increased during the COVID-19 pandemic period. CONCLUSION A high level of smartphone addiction in the Iranian population was found to have occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. Those most affected were unmarried individuals and school students, with the predominant areas being the eyes and neck. Health decision-makers should consider these findings when developing recommendations and plans for public health, particularly those focused on students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Mokhtarinia
- Department of Ergonomics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Heydari Torkamani
- Department of Ergonomics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Farmani
- Iran Welfare Organization, PhD of Social Work, Tehran, Iran
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Helmy M, Ebrahim AH, Faqeeh A, Engel E, Ashraf F, Isaac BA. Relationship Between Alexithymia, Smartphone Addiction, and Psychological Distress Among University Students: A Multi-country Study. Oman Med J 2024; 39:e593. [PMID: 38590451 PMCID: PMC10999754 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2024.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Increasing dependence on smartphones results in the appearance of psychological problems, especially among young people. This study aims to determine the rates of alexithymia and its relationship with smartphone addiction and psychological distress in university students. Methods A total of 2616 students (mean age = 22.5±3.5 years; 73.1% female) from universities in Egypt, Oman, and Pakistan were included in a cross-sectional and comparative study conducted through a web survey during the COVID-19 pandemic from October to December 2021. The following scales were used: Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), and Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV). The survey also included questions related to sociodemographic and smartphone usage patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Helmy
- Psychology Department, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Arts, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H. Ebrahim
- Rehabilitation Department, Governmental Hospitals, Manama, Bahrain
- Graduate Studies and Research Department, Ahlia University, Manama, Bahrain
- Research and Studies Department, Bahrain Corporate Social Responsibility Society, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Aysha Faqeeh
- Research and Studies Department, Bahrain Corporate Social Responsibility Society, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Ethan Engel
- Computer Science Department, Ritchie School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Denver, Denver, USA
| | - Farzana Ashraf
- Department of Humanities, COMSATS University Islamabad (Lahore campus), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Buremoh Ayotunde Isaac
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Xie J, Xu X, Zhang Y, Tan Y, Wu D, Shi M, Huang H. The effect of short-form video addiction on undergraduates' academic procrastination: a moderated mediation model. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1298361. [PMID: 38162977 PMCID: PMC10756502 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1298361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Short-form videos have become one of the most popular ways for people to entertain and relax. However, the intense interest in short-form videos has given rise to short-video addiction, which poses risks to both physical and mental health of individuals. Undergraduates are one of the important users for short-form videos, and the influence of short-form video addiction calls for more attention. This study aimed to investigate the association between short-form video addiction and academic procrastination among undergraduates, exploring the role of executive functions (i.e., attentional control) and personality traits (i.e., boredom proneness) in the association. Methods Using stratified random cluster sampling method, the data of 1,047 college students were used in the study. All variables were measured by empirical instruments, and all instruments were highly reliable. Mediation and moderation analysis was conducted using Model 4 and 7 in PROCESS macro powered by SPSS. Results Results revealed that short-form video addiction not only directly impacted academic procrastination but also placed indirect effect on academic procrastination through attentional control. Furthermore, the mediating effect of attentional control was contingent upon individuals' boredom proneness. Higher levels of boredom proneness weakened the impact of short-form video addiction on attentional control. Conclusion The findings expand our knowledge of the negative effects of short-form video addiction and the underlying mechanisms, providing implications for mitigating undergraduates' academic procrastination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xie
- Education Research Institute, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyu Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Electric Information, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, China
| | - Yamei Zhang
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxin Tan
- Education Research Institute, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, China
| | - Dazhou Wu
- School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjian Shi
- Political Officer Education Department, Dalian Naval Academy, Dalian, China
| | - Hai Huang
- Education Research Institute, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, China
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Liu J, Yu X, Kong L, Zhou X. Prevalence and factors associated with smartphone addiction among nursing postgraduates during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multilevel study from China's mainland. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:915. [PMID: 38057732 PMCID: PMC10699056 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05369-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smartphone addiction is prevalent among college students, and there is a concern that the COVID-19 pandemic may bring an increased prevalence of smartphone addiction due to constant online classes and repeat quarantine policies. This study aims to assess the prevalence and influencing factors of smartphone addiction among Chinese nursing postgraduates during the pandemic by examining variables, including loneliness, perceived stress, resilience, and sense of security. METHODS This online cross-sectional survey recruited 224 nursing postgraduates in four cities in 2022, using Smartphone Addiction Scale for College Students, the Chinese version of Perceived Stress Scale, UCLA Loneliness Scale Version 3, Chinese version of the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Security Questionnaire. Hierarchical regression analysis and logistic regression analysis were performed to explore the associated factors and predictors of smartphone addiction. RESULTS During the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of smartphone addiction was 10.41%. There was a positive correlation between smartphone addiction and loneliness, perceived stress (P < 0.001), and a negative relationship with resilience and sense of security (P < 0.001). The logistic regression analysis identified five risk factors that contribute to smartphone addiction, including daily duration of using a smartphone (3-5 h) (OR = 11.085, 95%CI = 1.21-101.79), numbers of smartphone (OR = 3.704, 95%CI = 1.33-10.30), perceived stress (OR = 1.163, 95%CI = 1.06-1.28), loneliness (OR = 1.071, 95%CI = 1.01-1.13), age of using a smartphone first time (OR = 0.754, 95%CI = 0.60-0.95). Two protective factors, resilience (OR = 1.098, 95%CI = 1.01-1.20) and sense of security (OR = 0.950, 95%CI = 0.90-1.00), were identified. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our study found that during the COVID-19 pandemic, smartphone addiction was prevalent among nursing postgraduates, and loneliness and perceived stress are important risk factors for smartphone addiction. Therefore, administrators should adopt targeted interventions to reduce smartphone addiction and the negative impacts on the psychological well-being of nursing postgraduates during a sudden outbreak of a national epidemic crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingfeng Yu
- The Nursing Department, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shanxi, China
| | - Lingna Kong
- School of Nursing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Fasihi M, Rostami M. The Relationship of Mobile-Based Social Network Addiction and Family Communication Patterns, with Behavioral Problems in Secondary School Students: The Mediating Role of Emotional Self-Regulation. PSYCHOLOGY IN RUSSIA: STATE OF ART 2023; 16:55-71. [PMID: 38162808 PMCID: PMC10755966 DOI: 10.11621/pir.2023.0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background New technologies offer endless possibilities for students and schools, but as the use of smartphones increases, psychological and behavioral problems may also increase. Objective To investigate the relationship of mobile-based social network addiction and family communication patterns on the one hand, and behavioral problems in students on the other, with a focus on the mediating role of emotional self-regulation. Design This study used a quantitative approach and a cross-sectional design. The participants were 384 students (female/male: 226/168; mean age: 16 ± 1.98) in secondary high schools in Tehran in the academic year 2022-2023. The students were selected using convenience sampling. The data were collected online using the Revised Family Communication Pattern Scale (1994), Mobile-Based Social Network Addiction Questionnaire (2016), Child Behavior Checklist - Adolescent Version (2001), and the Affective Style Questionnaire (2010). The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with SPSS-25 and AMOS-24 statistical software. Results The study showed that emotional self-regulation plays a mediating role in the relationship between mobile-based social network addiction and internalized and externalized behavioral problems (P ≤ .05). The indirect effect of conversation orientation on internalized and externalized behavioral problems mediated by emotional self-regulation was not significant, but the indirect effect of conformity orientation on internalized and externalized behavioral problems with the mediation of emotional self-regulation was significant (P ≤ .05). Conclusion Based on the findings, it is suggested that school officials and parents should develop emotional self-regulation and communication skills in students and parenting skills in their parents to prevent and reduce potential harm such as internet addiction and behavioral problems in students.
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Wu R, Luo Y, Ren P, Ran F, Yang X, Gu M, Tuo A, Yan Z. Impact of Learning Burnout on Mobile Phone Dependence Among Adolescents in Western China Under the "Double Reduction" Policy: The Mediating Role of Social Support. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:3171-3183. [PMID: 37584040 PMCID: PMC10424684 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s420711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This paper investigated the prevalence of mobile phone dependence (MPD) and its associated with learning burnout under the "double reduction" policy among adolescents in Guizhou Province in western China. In addition, the influence of the mediating mechanism of social support on this relationship was investigated. Methods The sample was collected from 16,216 adolescents in West China's Guizhou province, from December 2021 to January 2022 via multistage stratified random sampling. The Self-rating Questionnaire for Adolescent Problematic Mobile Phone Use (SQAPMPU) was used to assess the MPD, the Adolescent Student Burnout Scale (ASBI) was used to assess the learning burnout, and the Social Support Scale (SSS) was used to assess the social support. A hierarchical linear regression model was used to analyze the relationship between MPD, learning burnout, and social support. The mediating effect of social support between MPD and learning burnout was analyzed by structural equation model. Results Prevalence of MPD was 26.4% among adolescents in Guizhou province in western China. After adjusting for confounding variables like demographics, multiple linear regression model has revealed that learning burnout positively predicted MPD and social support negatively predicted MPD. The structural equation model showed that 10.9% of the effect was explained by the mediating effect of social support. Conclusion These findings could inform service delivery and policy formulation to reduce learning and avoid MPD in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengyu Ren
- Guizhou Drug Evaluation Center, Guiyang, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengjiao Ran
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiantao Yang
- School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Manting Gu
- School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anxie Tuo
- School of Medical Humanities, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Tian X, Liu X, Xiao Z, Lin Q. Undergraduates' Negative Emotion and Academic Procrastination During COVID-19: Life Autonomy as a Mediator and Sense of School Belonging as a Moderator. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:3151-3169. [PMID: 37584038 PMCID: PMC10424688 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s413738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aims to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on undergraduate students' academic procrastination and negative emotions. It seeks to examine the relationship between negative affect and academic procrastination among university students, considering the mediating role of life autonomy and the moderating effect of a sense of school belonging. Methods The study sample consisted of 776 university students from the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. Data collection involved the use of the Negative Affect Scale, Academic Procrastination Scale, Life Autonomy Scale, and Sense of School Belonging Scale. SPSS version 26.0 and PROCESS V3.580 to conduct relationship analysis, test the mediation model (model 4) and the moderated mediating model (model 7). Results The findings revealed significant relationships among the variables. Negative emotions were negatively related with life autonomy and sense of school belonging, and positively related with academic procrastination. Academic procrastination showed a negative correlation with both life autonomy and sense of school belonging. Sense of school belonging exhibited a positive relationship with life autonomy. The study also identified life autonomy as a mediator in the relationship between negative emotions and academic procrastination. Additionally, the sense of school belonging moderated the initial segment of the negative emotion-life autonomy-academic procrastination pathway. Discussion This study contributes to a better understanding of the association between negative affect and academic procrastination. It highlights that negative emotions have a direct and indirect influence on academic procrastination through the mediating role of life autonomy. Moreover, the moderating role of sense of school belonging suggests that the relationship between negative affect and life autonomy is stronger when the sense of school belonging is weaker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianpeng Tian
- Department of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangwei Liu
- School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Zhiqi Xiao
- Department of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiao Lin
- Department of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Zhang L, Wang B, Xu Q, Fu C. The role of boredom proneness and self-control in the association between anxiety and smartphone addiction among college students: a multiple mediation model. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1201079. [PMID: 37564421 PMCID: PMC10409989 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1201079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Smartphone addiction has been found to be a widespread public health issue, especially among youth. Previous studies reported a significant association between anxiety and smartphone addiction, but the underlying mechanism in this relationship is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating roles of boredom proneness and self-control in the relationship between anxiety and smartphone addiction. Methods Self-reported measures of anxiety, boredom proneness, self-control and smartphone addiction were administered to 1,526 Chinese college students. Results Smartphone addiction scores varied between 10 and 60 with an average of 30.89 ± 10.57 points. Anxiety had a direct and positive effect on smartphone addiction (effect = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.11-0.25), and an indirect effect on smartphone addiction through boredom proneness (effect = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.06-0.15) and self-control (effect = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.13-0.20). Boredom proneness and self-control sequentially mediated the relationship between anxiety and smartphone addiction (effect = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.10-0.15). Conclusion Anxiety is positively associated with smartphone addiction, and boredom proneness and self-control are important mediators in this relationship. Strengthening self-control and mitigating boredom could prevent smartphone addiction in anxious college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Baokai Wang
- Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Qi Xu
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Chang Fu
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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15
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Wu Y, Bu T, Xie Y, Wei P, Zhao J, Chen L, Qiao K, Wang Y, Yang J, Qiu X, Yang X, Zhou J, Qiao Z, Yang Y. Trajectories and influencing factors in adolescent procrastination behavior throughout the COVID-19 pandemic: a four-wave prospective longitudinal study. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1168463. [PMID: 37425149 PMCID: PMC10324606 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1168463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the growing attention given to adolescent behavior problems, little is known about the trajectories and factors that have influenced adolescent procrastination during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study monitors changes in procrastination behavior among Chinese adolescents during the pandemic and identifies vulnerable groups. Methods A four-wave study using a representative sample of 11-to 18-year-olds in China was conducted, with baseline data collected in June 2020 (n = 4,156; 49% girls) and follow-ups in December 2020 (n = 3,392; 50% girls), August 2021 (n = 2,380; 48% girls), and October 2021 (n = 1,485; 49% girls). Procrastination behavior was assessed using the General Procrastination Scale. Latent growth curve models, latent growth mixture modes, and multivariate logistic regression models were used to describe the trajectory of procrastination and identify predictors of deterioration. Results The proportion and overall trends of adolescent procrastination increased with the pandemic. Higher parental over-protection was a contributing factor to the higher baseline levels leading to the faster growth of adolescent procrastination. The model identified three distinct trajectories of low-increasing [including 2,057 participants (49.5%)], moderate-stable [including 1,879 participants (45.2%)], and high-decreasing procrastination [including 220 participants (5.3%)]. More daily leisure screen-time, lower frequency of exercise weekly, and dissatisfaction with distance learning were the top three risk factors for moderate-stable and high-decreasing procrastination compared to low-increasing procrastination. Adolescents with mothers with a higher level of education were more liable to be high-decreasing procrastination than moderate-stable procrastination. Conclusion The proportion and overall trends of adolescent procrastination increased with the pandemic. The categories of procrastination among adolescents during that time period were probed. Also, the study further clarified the risk factors for severe and moderate procrastination relative to no procrastination. Thus, effective procrastination prevention and intervention strategies need to be implemented to support adolescents, particularly those at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Wu
- Psychology and Health Management Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianyi Bu
- Psychology and Health Management Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yunjia Xie
- Psychology and Health Management Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Psychology and Health Management Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinxin Zhao
- Psychology and Health Management Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kexin Qiao
- Psychology and Health Management Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Psychology and Health Management Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiarun Yang
- Department of Psychology, School of Education of Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaohui Qiu
- Psychology and Health Management Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuxian Yang
- Psychology and Health Management Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- Psychology and Health Management Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhengxue Qiao
- Psychology and Health Management Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanjie Yang
- Psychology and Health Management Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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16
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Kertechian KS, Ismail HN. A Positive View of Excessive Smartphone Utilization and Its Relationship With Other Academic-Related Variables Within the Online Course Setting. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231183338. [PMID: 37312250 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231183338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The continual use of smartphones is a global problem that requires scholars' attention. This study investigates the impact of excessive smartphone use, self-regulation, and procrastination on students' online academic performance. A total of n = 238 university students participated in the study. Mean comparisons unveiled clear discrepancy scores on procrastination, self-regulation, and daily hours spent on smartphones between the smartphone-addicted and non-addicted students. Structural Equation Modeling helps us to answer our hypothesis. Unusually, smartphone use had a significant and positive effect on online students' academic performance. Also, the study provides a better understanding of the procrastination factor that significantly impacts students' smartphone use and online academic performance. Results are discussed considering possible interventions at the academic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S Kertechian
- ESSCA School of Management (Ecole Supérieure des Sciences Commerciales d'Angers), Angers, France
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17
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Zhang K, Guo H, Wang T, Zhang J, Yuan G, Ren J, Zhang X, Yang H, Lu X, Zhu Z, Du J, Shi H, Jin G, Hao J, Sun Y, Su P, Zhang Z. A bidirectional association between smartphone addiction and depression among college students: A cross-lagged panel model. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1083856. [PMID: 36761134 PMCID: PMC9902510 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1083856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Smartphone addiction (SA) is associated with adverse consequences, especially for freshmen. Evidence indicates that SA is associated with depression, and it is necessary to conduct a longitudinal study to explore the association further. Methods SA (measured by the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version) and depression (measured by the Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale) among 1,186 freshmen were surveyed at baseline and a respective 12-month follow-up for each participant. The application of a cross-lagged panel model approach (CLPM) revealed an association between SA and depression after adjusting for demographic variables. Results The CLPM results showed a significant path from baseline SA to follow-up depression (β = 0.08, P < 0.001) and a significant path from baseline depression to follow-up SA (β = 0.08, P < 0.001). Compared with the overall cross-lagged model, the cross-lagged coefficient of the path from baseline SA to follow-up depression increased in the female group (β = 0.10, P = 0.015), and the cross-lagged coefficient of the path from baseline depression to follow-up SA also increased significantly (β = 0.15, P < 0.001). In contrast, the cross-lagged model in the male group showed no predictive effect between SA and depression (P > 0.05). Conclusions The current study showed a significant bidirectional association between smartphone addiction and depression among freshmen, but only in the female population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Haiyun Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tianli Wang
- Hefei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
| | - Jianghui Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guojing Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Juan Ren
- The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xueqing Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Huayu Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhihui Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Haiyan Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guifang Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiahu Hao
- Department of Maternal, Child, and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Maternal, Child, and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Puyu Su
- Department of Maternal, Child, and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,*Correspondence: Zhihua Zhang ✉
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18
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Wang ZJ, Liu XN, He JJ, Wang YP, Zhao CX, Yang XJ, Yin HY, Cao DP, Zhang SE. Moderating Role of Peer Pressure and Positive Learning Environment Between Career Calling and Academic Procrastination in Chinese Medical Students During Controlled COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:927-938. [PMID: 36992981 PMCID: PMC10042170 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s403219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic sets specific circumstances that may accelerate academic procrastination behavior of medical students. Career calling is a protective factor that fights against academic procrastination and may further improve medical students' mental health and academic achievement. This study aims to determine the status of Chinese medical students' academic procrastination during controlled COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, the study investigates the relationships and mechanisms among career calling, peer pressure, a positive learning environment, and academic procrastination. Patients and Methods Data were collected from several Chinese medical universities through an anonymous cross-sectional survey of 3614 respondents (effective response rate = 60.0%). Using online questionnaires to collect the data and IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 for statistical analysis. Results The average score of academic procrastination of Chinese medical students was 2.62±0.86. This study proved the usage of peer pressure and positive learning environment as moderating roles of relationship between career calling and academic procrastination. Career calling was negatively correlated with academic procrastination (r = -0.232, p < 0.01), while it was positively correlated with peer pressure (r = 0.390, p < 0.01) and a positive learning environment (r = 0.339, p < 0.01). Moreover, academic procrastination was negatively correlated with peer pressure (r = -0.279, p < 0.01) and a positive learning environment (r = -0.242, p < 0.01). Peer pressure was positively correlated with a positive learning environment (r = 0.637, p < 0.01). Conclusion The findings emphasize the importance of constructive peer pressure and a positive learning environment that discourages academic procrastination. Educators should highlight medical career calling education by offering related courses to fight against academic procrastination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jiao Wang
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ning Liu
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Jun He
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ping Wang
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen-Xi Zhao
- Academic Affairs Office, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jing Yang
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yan Yin
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - De-Pin Cao
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: De-Pin Cao; Shu-E Zhang, Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13351113008; +86 15104694354, Email ;
| | - Shu-E Zhang
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
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Zeng Y, Zhang J, Wei J, Li S. The Impact of Undergraduates' Social Isolation on Smartphone Addiction: The Roles of Academic Anxiety and Social Media Use. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15903. [PMID: 36497974 PMCID: PMC9738847 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has an adverse effect on the physical health of societies and individuals. One important concern is the effect of social isolation on the mental health of undergraduates, such as academic anxiety, smartphone addiction and other social psychological problems. The purpose of this study was to investigate associations among undergraduates' social isolation in this special context, social media use for obtaining information about the COVID-19 pandemic (i.e., communicative and non-communicative), academic anxiety, and smartphone addiction. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from May to June in 2022 and a total of 388 undergraduates were included. The results showed significant positive associations between social isolation and smartphone addiction and academic anxiety. Furthermore, academic anxiety played a mediating role in the effect of social isolation on smartphone addiction, which was moderated by non-communicative social media use. Some theoretical and practical implications as well as research limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youlai Zeng
- School of Education, Liaoning Normal University, 850 Huanghe Road, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- School of Education, Liaoning Normal University, 850 Huanghe Road, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Jiaxin Wei
- School of Education, Liaoning Normal University, 850 Huanghe Road, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Shunyu Li
- Center for Teacher Education Research in Xinjiang, Xinjiang Normal University, 100 Guanjing Road, Urumqi 830017, China
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He J, Yang X, Du M, Zhao C, Wang X, Zhang G, Peng H. Prospective Association between Smartphone Addiction and Perceived Stress and Moderation of Boredom during COVID-19 in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15355. [PMID: 36430074 PMCID: PMC9692943 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Smartphone addiction (SPA) is prevalent in college students and harms their healthy development, and perceived stress (PS) has been a well-documented risk factor of SPA. People often experienced boredom during COVID-19; however, its effect on behavioral/mental health during the pandemic has been rarely tested. We investigated the prospective association between SPA and PS before and during COVID-19, as well as the moderation of boredom. A total of 197 college students participated in four-wave surveys from December 2018 to June 2020 in China. The cross-lagged model was developed to investigate the prospective association between SPA and PS from T1 to T4. Boredom was added to the model at T4 as a moderator to explore the moderating role of boredom during COVID-19. The results showed that the pandemic changed PS's prediction on SPA. During COVID-19, boredom significantly affected SPA and PS and moderated the link from PS at T3 to PS at T4. The results suggest that the prospective associations between SPA and PS varied before and during COVID-19. Prevention of SPA should be conducted for new students and should be used to enhance their stress coping capacity. Intervention programs for eliminating boredom may be effective for reducing stress and SPA during COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankang He
- Department of Psychology, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Center for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Mingxuan Du
- Department of Psychology, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Chengjia Zhao
- School of Education, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Center for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Honglei Peng
- The Audit Office, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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