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Roa CC, de Los Reyes MRA, Plennevaux E, Smolenov I, Hu B, Gao F, Ilagan H, Ambrosino D, Siber G, Clemens R, Han HH. SCB-2019 protein vaccine as heterologous booster of neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants after immunization with other COVID-19 vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2301632. [PMID: 38206168 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2301632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We assessed the non-inferiority of homologous boosting compared with heterologous boosting with the recombinant protein vaccine, SCB-2019, in adults previously immunized with different COVID-19 vaccines. Three equal cohorts (N ~ 420) of Philippino adults (18-80 years) previously immunized with Comirnaty, CoronaVac or Vaxzevria COVID-19 vaccines were randomized 1:1 to receive homologous or heterologous (SCB-2019) boosters. Neutralizing antibodies against prototype SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan-Hu-1) were measured in all participants and against Delta variant and Omicron sub-lineages in subsets (30‒50 per arm) 15 days after boosting. Participants recorded solicited adverse events for 7 days and unsolicited and serious adverse events until Day 60. Prototype SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing responses on Day 15 after SCB-2019 were statistically non-inferior to homologous Vaxzevria boosters, superior to CoronaVac, but lower than homologous Comirnaty. Neutralizing responses against Delta and Omicron BA.1, BA.2, BA.4 and BA.5 variants after heterologous SCB-2019 were higher than homologous CoronaVac or Vaxzevria, but lower than homologous Comirnaty. Responses against Omicron BF.7, BQ.1.1.3, and XBB1.5 following heterologous SCB-2019 were lower than after homologous Comirnaty booster but significantly higher than after Vaxzevria booster. SCB-2019 reactogenicity was similar to CoronaVac or Vaxzevria, but lower than Comirnaty; most frequent events were mild/moderate injection site pain, headache and fatigue. No vaccine-related serious adverse events were reported. Heterologous SCB-2019 boosting was well tolerated and elicited neutralizing responses against all tested SARS-COV-2 viruses including Omicron BA.1, BA.2, BA.4, BA.5, BF.7, BQ.1.1.3, and XBB1.5 sub-lineages that were non-inferior to homologous boosting with CoronaVac or Vaxzevria, but not homologous Comirnaty booster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo C Roa
- Department of Physiology, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Eric Plennevaux
- Clinical Development, Clover Biopharmaceuticals, Cambridge, UK
| | - Igor Smolenov
- Clinical Development, Clover Biopharmaceuticals, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Branda Hu
- Clinical Development, Clover Biopharmaceuticals, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Faith Gao
- Clinical Development, Clover Biopharmaceuticals, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hannalyn Ilagan
- Clinical Development, Clover Biopharmaceuticals, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Ralf Clemens
- Global Research in Infectious Diseases, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Htay Htay Han
- Clinical Development, Clover Biopharmaceuticals, Boston, MA, USA
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2
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Kung YA, Chuang CH, Chen YC, Yang HP, Li HC, Chen CL, Janapatla RP, Chen CJ, Shih SR, Chiu CH. Worldwide SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection: Emerging sub-variants and future vaccination perspectives. J Formos Med Assoc 2024:S0929-6646(24)00389-9. [PMID: 39179492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2024.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has sparked widespread concern globally, particularly with the Omicron variant and its sub-lineages emerging as the predominant cause of infection for nearly two years. Taiwan's successful containment of COVID-19, underscored by broad vaccine coverage, the utilization of anti-viral therapeutics, and timely response strategies, has resulted in reduced excess mortality. Moreover, there is a crucial need for a phased exit strategy, balancing efforts to curtail disease transmission with the mitigation of socioeconomic impacts from rigorous measures. In this review, we examined the evolution and the epidemiological landscape of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron sub-variants in Taiwan as well as other countries of the world. We also critically evaluated the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against various SARS-CoV-2 variants. Additionally, we addressed the advantages of heterologous immunization strategies, fluctuations in neutralizing antibody titers, and complexities in establishing protective correlates among swiftly mutating viral variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-An Kung
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsien Chuang
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Paul's Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Chen
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ping Yang
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chieh Li
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chyi-Liang Chen
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | - Chin-Jung Chen
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Ru Shih
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chiu
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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3
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do Nascimento TA, Nogami PY, de Oliveira CF, Neto WFF, da Silva CP, Ribeiro ACS, de Sousa AW, Freitas MNO, Chiang JO, Silva FA, das Chagas LL, Carvalho VL, Azevedo RSS, Vasconcelos PFC, Costa IB, Costa IB, Barbagelata LS, das Chagas Junior WD, da Penha Junior ET, Soares LS, Viana GMR, Amarilla AA, Modhiran N, Watterson D, Casseb LMN, Martins LC, Henriques DF. Equal Maintenance of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Levels Induced by Heterologous and Homologous Regimens of the BNT162b2, ChAdOx1, CoronaVac and Ad26.COV2.S Vaccines: A Longitudinal Study Up to the 4th Dose of Booster. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:792. [PMID: 39066430 PMCID: PMC11281708 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12070792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Several technological approaches have been used to develop vaccines against COVID-19, including those based on inactivated viruses, viral vectors, and mRNA. This study aimed to monitor the maintenance of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in individuals from Brazil according to the primary vaccination regimen, as follows: BNT162b2 (group 1; 22) and ChAdOx1 (group 2; 18). Everyone received BNT162b2 in the first booster while in the second booster CoronaVac, Ad26.COV2.S, or BNT162b2. Blood samples were collected from 2021 to 2023 to analyze specific RBD (ELISA) and neutralizing antibodies (PRNT50). We observed a progressive increase in anti-RBD and neutralizing antibodies in each subsequent dose, remaining at high titers until the end of follow-up. Group 1 had higher anti-RBD antibody titers than group 2 after beginning the primary regimen, with significant differences after the 2nd and 3rd doses. Group 2 showed a more expressive increase after the first booster with BNT162B2 (heterologous booster). Group 2 also presented high levels of neutralizing antibodies against the Gamma and Delta variants until five months after the second booster. In conclusion, the circulating levels of anti-RBD and neutralizing antibodies against the two variants of SARS-CoV-2 were durable even five months after the 4th dose, suggesting that periodic booster vaccinations (homologous or heterologous) induced long-lasting immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A. do Nascimento
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil (A.C.S.R.)
- Graduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil
| | - Patricia Y. Nogami
- Graduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil
- Department of Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil
| | - Camille F. de Oliveira
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil (A.C.S.R.)
| | - Walter F. F. Neto
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil (A.C.S.R.)
| | - Carla P. da Silva
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil (A.C.S.R.)
| | - Ana Claudia S. Ribeiro
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil (A.C.S.R.)
| | - Alana W. de Sousa
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil (A.C.S.R.)
| | - Maria N. O. Freitas
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil (A.C.S.R.)
| | - Jannifer O. Chiang
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil (A.C.S.R.)
- Graduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil
| | - Franko A. Silva
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil (A.C.S.R.)
| | - Liliane L. das Chagas
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil (A.C.S.R.)
| | - Valéria L. Carvalho
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil (A.C.S.R.)
- Graduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil
| | - Raimunda S. S. Azevedo
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil (A.C.S.R.)
- Graduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil
| | - Pedro F. C. Vasconcelos
- Graduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences, University of Pará State, Belém 66087-670, Pará, Brazil
| | - Igor B. Costa
- Graduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil
- Department of Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil
| | - Iran B. Costa
- Department of Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil
| | - Luana S. Barbagelata
- Department of Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luana S. Soares
- Department of Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil
| | - Giselle M. R. Viana
- Malaria Basic Research Laboratory, Parasitology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67000-000, Pará, Brazil
| | - Alberto A. Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- The Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Lívia M. N. Casseb
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil (A.C.S.R.)
- Graduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil
| | - Lívia C. Martins
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil (A.C.S.R.)
- Graduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil
| | - Daniele F. Henriques
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil (A.C.S.R.)
- Graduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil
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Asante MA, Michelsen ME, Balakumar MM, Kumburegama B, Sharifan A, Thomsen AR, Korang SK, Gluud C, Menon S. Heterologous versus homologous COVID-19 booster vaccinations for adults: systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomised clinical trials. BMC Med 2024; 22:263. [PMID: 38915011 PMCID: PMC11197367 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03471-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To combat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), booster vaccination strategies are important. However, the optimal administration of booster vaccine platforms remains unclear. Herein, we aimed to assess the benefits and harms of three or four heterologous versus homologous booster regimens. METHODS From November 3 2022 to December 21, 2023, we searched five databases for randomised clinical trials (RCT). Reviewers screened, extracted data, and assessed bias risks independently with the Cochrane risk-of-bias 2 tool. We conducted meta-analyses and trial sequential analyses (TSA) on our primary (all-cause mortality; laboratory confirmed symptomatic and severe COVID-19; serious adverse events [SAE]) and secondary outcomes (quality of life [QoL]; adverse events [AE] considered non-serious). We assessed the evidence with the GRADE approach. Subgroup analyses were stratified for trials before and after 2023, three or four boosters, immunocompromised status, follow-up, risk of bias, heterologous booster vaccine platforms, and valency of booster. RESULTS We included 29 RCTs with 43 comparisons (12,538 participants). Heterologous booster regimens may not reduce the relative risk (RR) of all-cause mortality (11 trials; RR 0.86; 95% CI 0.33 to 2.26; I2 0%; very low certainty evidence); laboratory-confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 (14 trials; RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.72 to 1.25; I2 0%; very low certainty); or severe COVID-19 (10 trials; RR 0.51; 95% CI 0.20 to 1.33; I2 0%; very low certainty). For safety outcomes, heterologous booster regimens may have no effect on SAE (27 trials; RR 1.15; 95% CI 0.68 to 1.95; I2 0%; very low certainty) but may raise AE considered non-serious (20 trials; RR 1.19; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.32; I2 64.4%; very low certainty). No data on QoL was available. Our TSAs showed that the cumulative Z curves did not reach futility for any outcome. CONCLUSIONS With our current sample sizes, we were not able to infer differences of effects for any outcomes, but heterologous booster regimens seem to cause more non-serious AE. Furthermore, more robust data are instrumental to update this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Aninakwah Asante
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, The Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Ekholm Michelsen
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, The Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mithuna Mille Balakumar
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, The Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Buddheera Kumburegama
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, The Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amin Sharifan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Allan Randrup Thomsen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steven Kwasi Korang
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, The Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christian Gluud
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, The Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sonia Menon
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, The Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Epitech Research, Brussels, Belgium.
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Garza-Silva A, Rivera-Salinas D, Rivera-Cavazos A, Fernández-Chau IF, Cepeda-Medina AB, Morales-Rodríguez DP, Barco-Flores IA, Sanz-Sánchez MÁ, Acciardi C, Paez-Bo G, Teixeira MM, Azzolini E, Pozzi C, Rescigno M, Romero-Ibarguengoitia ME. Effectiveness of different booster vaccine combinations against SARS-CoV-2 during a six-month follow-up in Mexico and Argentina. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1403784. [PMID: 38807602 PMCID: PMC11130401 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1403784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Given the limited number of patients in Latin America who have received a booster dose against the COVID-19, it remains crucial to comprehend the effectiveness of different vaccine combinations as boosters in real-world scenarios. This study aimed to assess the real-life efficacy of seven different vaccine schemes against COVID-19, including BNT162b2, ChAdOx1-S, Gam-COVID-Vac, and CoronaVac as primary schemes with either BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1-S as booster vaccines. Methods In this multicentric longitudinal observational study, participants from Mexico and Argentina were followed for infection and SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1-2 IgG antibodies during their primary vaccination course and for 185 days after the booster dose. Results A total of 491 patients were included, and the booster dose led to an overall increase in the humoral response for all groups. Patients who received BNT162b2 exhibited the highest antibody levels after the third dose, while those with primary Gam-COVID-Vac maintained a higher level of antibodies after six months. Infection both before vaccination and after the booster dose, and Gam-COVIDVac + BNT162b2 combination correlated with higher antibody titers. Discussion The sole predictor of infection in the six-month follow-up was a prior COVID-19 infection before the vaccination scheme, which decreased the risk of infection, and all booster vaccine combinations conveyed the same amount of protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnulfo Garza-Silva
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Diego Rivera-Salinas
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Andrea Rivera-Cavazos
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Iván Francisco Fernández-Chau
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
| | - Andrea Belinda Cepeda-Medina
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
| | - Devany Paola Morales-Rodríguez
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
| | | | - Miguel Ángel Sanz-Sánchez
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Acciardi
- Health Secretary, Unidad Hospitalaria San José, Campana, Argentina
| | - Graciela Paez-Bo
- Laboratory Department, Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos San Felipe, San Nicolás de los Arroyos, Argentina
| | - Mauro M. Teixeira
- Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Instituto Ciencias Biologicas (ICB), Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Elena Azzolini
- Instituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Pozzi
- Instituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rescigno
- Instituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Romero-Ibarguengoitia
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
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Balgos A, Hannawi S, Chen WL, Abuquta A, Safeldin L, Hassan A, Alamadi A, Tirador L, Jaen AM, Villalobos RE, Mo C, Yue ZJ, Ma Y, Wang QS, Wen RD, Yao Z, Yu JP, Yao WR, Zhang JH, Hong KX, Liu Y, Li JX. Immunogenicity and safety of boosting with a recombinant two-component SARS-CoV-2 vaccine: two randomized, parallel-controlled, phase 2 studies. Expert Rev Vaccines 2024; 23:419-431. [PMID: 38529685 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2024.2334423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recombinant protein vaccines are vital for broad protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants. This study assessed ReCOV as a booster in two Phase 2 trials. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Study-1 involved subjects were randomized (1:1:1) to receive 20 μg ReCOV, 40 μg ReCOV, or an inactivated vaccine (COVILO®) in the United Arab Emirates. Study-2 participating individuals were randomized (1:1:1) to receive 20 μg ReCOV (pilot batch, ReCOV HA), 20 μg ReCOV (commercial batch, ReCOV TC), or 30 μg BNT162b2 (COMIRNATY®) in the Philippines. The primary immunogenicity objectives was to compare the geometric mean titer (GMT) and seroconversion rate (SCR) of neutralizing antibodies induced by one ReCOV booster dose with those of inactivated vaccine and BNT162b2, respectively, at 14 days post-booster. RESULTS Heterologous ReCOV booster doses were safe and induced comparable immune responses to inactivated vaccines and BNT162b2 against Omicron variants and the prototype. They showed significant advantages in cross-neutralization against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants, surpassing inactivated vaccines and BNT162b2, with good immune persistence. CONCLUSIONS Heterologous ReCOV boosting was safe and effective, showing promise in combating COVID-19. The study highlights ReCOV's potential for enhanced protection, supported by strong cross-neutralization and immune persistence. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Study-1, www.clinicaltrials.gov, identifier is NCT05323435; Study-2, www.clinicaltrials.gov, identifier is NCT05084989.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suad Hannawi
- United Arab Emirates - Al Kuwait-Dubai (ALBaraha) Hospital, Dubai, UAE
| | - Wen-Li Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, ZhongDa Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Alaa Abuquta
- United Arab Emirates - Al Kuwait-Dubai (ALBaraha) Hospital, Dubai, UAE
| | - Linda Safeldin
- United Arab Emirates - Al Kuwait-Dubai (ALBaraha) Hospital, Dubai, UAE
| | - Aala Hassan
- United Arab Emirates - Al Kuwait-Dubai (ALBaraha) Hospital, Dubai, UAE
| | - Ahmad Alamadi
- United Arab Emirates - Al Kuwait-Dubai (ALBaraha) Hospital, Dubai, UAE
| | | | | | | | - Chen Mo
- Research & Development Department, Jiangsu Recbio Technology Co., Ltd, China
| | - Zi-Jing Yue
- Research & Development Department, Jiangsu Recbio Technology Co., Ltd, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Research & Development Department, Jiangsu Recbio Technology Co., Ltd, China
| | - Qing-Shuang Wang
- Research & Development Department, Jiangsu Recbio Technology Co., Ltd, China
| | - Ren-Du Wen
- Research & Development Department, Jiangsu Recbio Technology Co., Ltd, China
| | - Zheng Yao
- Research & Development Department, Jiangsu Recbio Technology Co., Ltd, China
| | - Jia-Ping Yu
- Research & Development Department, Jiangsu Recbio Technology Co., Ltd, China
| | - Wen-Rong Yao
- Research & Development Department, Jiangsu Recbio Technology Co., Ltd, China
| | - Jian-Hui Zhang
- Research & Development Department, Jiangsu Recbio Technology Co., Ltd, China
| | - Kun-Xue Hong
- Research & Development Department, Jiangsu Recbio Technology Co., Ltd, China
- School of Public Health, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Research & Development Department, Jiangsu Recbio Technology Co., Ltd, China
- School of Public Health, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing-Xin Li
- School of Public Health, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Center, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
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7
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Qin C, Du M, Wang Y, Liu Q, Yan W, Tao L, Liu M, Liu J. Assessing acceptability of the fourth dose against COVID-19 among Chinese adults: A population-based survey. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2186108. [PMID: 36892289 PMCID: PMC10026929 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2186108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has wreaked havoc across the globe for approximately three years. Vaccination is a key factor to ending this pandemic, but its protective effect diminishes over time. A second booster dose at the right time is needed. To explore the willingness to receive the fourth dose of the COVID-19 vaccine and its influencing factors, we commenced a national, cross-sectional and anonymous survey in mainland China among people aged 18 and above from October 24 to November 7, 2022. A total of 3,224 respondents were eventually included. The acceptance rate of the fourth dose was 81.1% (95% CI: 79.8-82.5%), while it was 72.6% (95% CI: 71.1-74.2%) for a heterologous booster. Confidence in current domestic situation and the effectiveness of previous vaccinations, and uncertainty about extra protection were the main reasons for vaccine hesitancy. Perceived benefit (aOR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.159-1.40) and cues to action (aOR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.60-1.88) were positively associated with the vaccine acceptance, whereas perceived barriers (aOR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.72-0.84) and self-efficacy (aOR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.71-0.89) were both negatively associated with it. Additionally, sex, age, COVID-19 vaccination history, time for social media, and satisfaction with the government's response to COVID-19 were also factors affecting vaccination intention. Factors influencing the intention of heterologous booster were similar to the above results. It is of profound theoretical and practical significance to clarify the population's willingness to vaccinate in advance and explore the relevant influencing factors for the subsequent development and promotion of the fourth-dose vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyuan Qin
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Du
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxin Yan
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liyuan Tao
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Min Liu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Liu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Global Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research & Global Health and Infectious Diseases Group, Peking University, Beijing, China
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8
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Janekrongtham C, Salazar M, Doung-ngern P. Sex Differences in Serious Adverse Events Reported Following Booster Doses of COVID-19 Vaccination in Thailand: A Countrywide Nested Unmatched Case-Control Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1772. [PMID: 38140176 PMCID: PMC10747632 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A booster dose of a COVID-19 vaccine has been proven effective in restoring vaccine effectiveness and is currently recommended for use in some populations at risk of severe COVID-19 infection. Since sex differences in adverse events are significant in response to the vaccines, the safety of booster selection must be studied to avoid serious adverse events (SAE), such as life-threatening diseases. First, this study aimed to identify sex differences in SAE incidences using a prospective cohort design. Second, a nested unmatched case-control study was used to identify factors associated with reported SAE within 30 days after the booster shot. Multivariable logistic regression indicated the adjusted odds ratio by accounting for host and vaccine variables, thus, policy effects. The findings confirmed that SAE was rare and that age-sex-dominated disease classifications differed. Specific to SAE following the booster dose, we found that females aged 12-40 had a higher risk of being reported with SAE than males of the same age, while males over 50 had a higher risk than females. Other risk factors identified were the presence of metabolic syndrome and the use of certain vaccine brands. Mechanisms could be explained by individual host responses rather than the vaccines' direct effect. Therefore, SAE could be preventable by age-sex-specific vaccine selection, post-vaccination precautions, and early symptom detection. Future vaccine development should aim to limit host-specific reactogenicity for safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chawisar Janekrongtham
- Division of AIDS and STIs, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, 88/21 Tiwanon Rd., Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
| | - Mariano Salazar
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Widerströmska huset Tomtebodavägen 18 A, Plan 3, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Pawinee Doung-ngern
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, 88/21 Tiwanon Rd., Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand;
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9
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Herman B, Wong MCS, Chantharit P, Hannanu FF, Viwattanakulvanid P. Longitudinal study of disease severity and external factors in cognitive failure after COVID-19 among Indonesian population. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19405. [PMID: 37938599 PMCID: PMC10632387 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46334-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 infection is assumed to induce cognitive failure. Identifying the relationship between COVID-19, the effect of vaccination and medication, and accommodating non-COVID-19 factors to cognitive failure is essential. This study was conducted in Indonesia from September 2021 to January 2023. Demographic information, clinical data, comorbidities, vaccination, and medication during COVID-19 were obtained, as well as a 6-month cognitive assessment with Cognitive Failures Questionnaire/CFQ, Fatigue Severity Score, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7). A Structural Equation Model explains the relationship between potential predictors and cognitive failure. The average score of CFQ after 6 months was 45.6 ± 23.1 out of 100. The severity of the disease, which was associated with vaccination status, age, previous infection, and unit of treatment (p < 0.05), was not related to cognitive failure (p = 0.519), although there is a significant direct impact of worst vaccination status to cognitive failure(p < 0.001). However, age, fatigue, and current anxiety were associated with higher cognitive failure (p < 0.001), although comorbidities and recent headaches were not significant in other models (p > 0.05). This study concludes that cognitive failure after COVID-19 is a multifactorial event and does not solely depend on COVID-19 severity. It is crucial to re-address the factors related to the long-term efficacy of vaccination and medication and focus on non-health factors affecting cognitive failure.Trial Registration: NCT05060562.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bumi Herman
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Martin Chi Sang Wong
- The Faculty of Medicine, JC School of Public Health, The Chinese University of Hongkong, Hong Kong, China
- The Faculty of Medicine, The Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- School of Public Health, The Peking University, Beijing, China
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- School of Public Health, The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical Colleges, Beijing, China
| | - Prawat Chantharit
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Firdaus Fabrice Hannanu
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
- Department of Radiology, Brainstem Imaging Laboratory, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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10
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Roa CC, de Los Reyes MRA, Plennevaux E, Smolenov I, Hu B, Gao F, Ilagan H, Ambrosino D, Siber G, Clemens R. Superior Boosting of Neutralizing Titers Against Omicron SARS-CoV-2 Variants by Heterologous SCB-2019 Vaccine vs a Homologous Booster in CoronaVac-Primed Adults. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:1253-1262. [PMID: 37439701 PMCID: PMC10629704 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We compared homologous and heterologous boosting in adults in the Philippines primed with 2 or 3 doses of CoronaVac, with recombinant protein vaccine, SCB-2019. METHODS CoronaVac-immunized adults (18-72 years) received a homologous or heterologous full or half dose SCB-2019 booster. We assessed all neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses against prototype SARS-CoV-2 after 15 days and NAb against SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants in subsets (30‒50 per arm). Participants recorded adverse events. RESULTS In 2-dose CoronaVac-primed adults prototype NAb geometric mean titers (GMT) were 203 IU/mL (95% confidence interval [CI], 182-227) and 939 IU/mL (95% CI, 841-1049) after CoronaVac and SCB-2019 boosters; the GMT ratio (4.63; 95% CI, 3.95-5.41) met predefined noninferiority and post-hoc superiority criteria. After 3-dose CoronaVac-priming prototype NAb GMTs were 279 IU/mL (95% CI, 240-325), 1044 IU/mL (95% CI, 898-1213), and 668 IU/mL (95% CI, 520-829) following CoronaVac, full and half-dose SCB-2019 boosters, respectively. NAb GMT ratios against Delta and Omicron comparing SCB-2019 with CoronaVac were all greater than 2. Mild to moderate reactogenicity was evenly balanced between groups. No vaccine-related serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS Full or half dose SCB-2019 boosters were well tolerated with superior immunogenicity than homologous CoronaVac, particularly against newly emerged variants. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT05188677.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo C Roa
- Department of Physiology, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | | | | | - Igor Smolenov
- Clover Biopharmaceuticals, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Branda Hu
- Clover Biopharmaceuticals, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Faith Gao
- Clover Biopharmaceuticals, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ralf Clemens
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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11
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Nithichanon A, Kamuthachad L, Salao K, Phoksawat W, Kamsom C, Wongratanacheewin S, Pipattanaboon C, Kanthawong S, Yordpratum U, Aromseree S, Meesing A, Mootsikapun P, Edwards SW, Phanthanawiboon S. A two-arm analysis of the immune response to heterologous boosting of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18762. [PMID: 37907584 PMCID: PMC10618206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46053-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Several vaccine programs were introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic, which included inactivated virus, DNA viral vectors and mRNA vaccines. Booster programs are recommended, especially for those in high-risk groups. However, many of these booster programs involve heterologous vaccines. This study enrolled volunteers who first received two full-dose CoronaVac vaccinations before receiving heterologous boosters with DNA- and/or mRNA-vaccines for an additional 2 doses (n = 40) or an additional 3 doses (n = 16). Our results showed no difference in side effects, neutralizing antibodies, or T-cell responses for any of the heterologous vaccination programs. However, the neutralizing capacity and IFN-γ responses against the Omicron variant in volunteers who received 4 or 5 doses were improved. Polarization of peripheral memory T cells after stimulation in all booster groups with Omicron peptide showed an increased trend of naïve and central memory phenotypes of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, suggesting that exposure to Omicron antigens will drive T cells into a lymphoid resident T cell phenotype. Our data support a continuous vaccination program to maximize the effectiveness of immunity, especially in people at high risk. Furthermore, the number of boosting doses is important for maintaining immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnone Nithichanon
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Ludthawun Kamuthachad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kanin Salao
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Wisitsak Phoksawat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chatcharin Kamsom
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | | | - Sakawrat Kanthawong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Umaporn Yordpratum
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sirinart Aromseree
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Atibordee Meesing
- Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Piroon Mootsikapun
- Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Steven W Edwards
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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12
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Schest S, Langer C, Stiegler Y, Karnuth B, Arends J, Stiegler H, Masetto T, Peter C, Grimmler M. Vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2 antibody response: the comparability of S1-specific binding assays depends on epitope and isotype discrimination. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1257265. [PMID: 37965324 PMCID: PMC10641008 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1257265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Quantification of the SARS-CoV-2-specific immune response by serological immunoassays is critical for the management of the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, neutralizing antibody titers to the viral spike (S) protein have been proposed as a correlate of protection (CoP). The WHO established the First International Standard (WHO IS) for anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin (Ig) (NIBSC 20/136) to harmonize binding assays with the same antigen specificity by assigning the same unitage in binding antibody units (BAU)/ml. Method In this study, we analyzed the S1-specific antibody response in a cohort of healthcare workers in Germany (n = 76) during a three-dose vaccination course over 8.5 months. Subjects received either heterologous or homologous prime-boost vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca) and BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) or three doses of BNT162b2. Antibodies were quantified using three anti-S1 binding assays (ELISA, ECLIA, and PETIA) harmonized to the WHO IS. Serum levels of neutralizing antibodies were determined using a surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT). Binding assays were compared using Spearman's rank correlation and Passing-Bablok regression. Findings All assays showed good correlation and similar antibody kinetics correlating with neutralizing potential. However, the assays show large proportional differences in BAU/ml. ECLIA and PETIA, which detect total antibodies against the receptor- binding domain (RBD) within the S1 subunit, interact similarly with the convalescent plasma-derived WHO IS but differently with vaccine serum, indicating a high sensitivity to the IgG/IgM/IgA ratio. Conclusion All three binding assays allow monitoring of the antibody response in COVID-19-vaccinated individuals. However, the assay-specific differences hinder the definition of a common protective threshold in BAU/ml. Our results highlight the need for the thoughtful use of conversion factors and consideration of method-specific differences. To improve the management of future pandemics and harmonize total antibody assays, we should strive for reference material with a well-characterized Ig isotype composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Schest
- Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum für Labormedizin und Mikrobiologie Ruhr GmbH, Essen, Germany
- Health University of Applied Sciences Tyrol, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Claus Langer
- Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum für Labormedizin und Mikrobiologie Ruhr GmbH, Essen, Germany
| | - Yuriko Stiegler
- Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum für Labormedizin und Mikrobiologie Ruhr GmbH, Essen, Germany
| | - Bianca Karnuth
- Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum für Labormedizin und Mikrobiologie Ruhr GmbH, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Arends
- Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum für Labormedizin und Mikrobiologie Ruhr GmbH, Essen, Germany
| | - Hugo Stiegler
- Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum für Labormedizin und Mikrobiologie Ruhr GmbH, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Masetto
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- DiaSys Diagnostic Systems GmbH, Holzheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Peter
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Matthias Grimmler
- DiaSys Diagnostic Systems GmbH, Holzheim, Germany
- Institute for Biomolecular Research, Hochschule Fresenius gGmbH, University of Applied Sciences, Idstein, Germany
- DiaServe Laboratories GmbH, Iffeldorf, Germany
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13
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Fu Y, Wu K, Wang Z, Yang H, Chen Y, Wu L, Yanagihara R, Hedges JR, Wang H, Deng Y. Effectiveness of various COVID-19 vaccine regimens among 10.4 million patients from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative during Pre-Delta to Omicron periods - United States, 11 December 2020 to 30 June 2022. Vaccine 2023; 41:6339-6349. [PMID: 37741761 PMCID: PMC10730423 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study reports the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of COVID-19 vaccine regimens in the United States, based on the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) database. METHODS Data from 10.4 million adults, enrolled in the N3C from 11 December 2020 to 30 June 2022, were analyzed. VE against infection and death outcomes were evaluated across 13 vaccine regimens in recipient cohorts during the Pre-Delta, Delta, and Omicron periods. VE was estimated as (1-odds ratio) × 100% by multivariate logistic regression, using the unvaccinated cohort as reference. RESULTS Natural immunity showed a highly protective effect (70.33%) against re-infection, but the mortality risk among the unvaccinated population was increased after re-infection; vaccination following infection reduced the risk of re-infection and death. mRNA-1273 full vaccination plus mRNA-1273 booster showed the highest anti-infection effectiveness (47.59%) (95% CI, 46.72-48.45) in the overall cohort. In the type 2 diabetes cohort, VE against infection was highest with BNT162b2 full vaccination plus mRNA-1273 booster (61.19%) (95% CI, 53.73-67.75). VE against death was also highest with BNT162b2 full vaccination plus mRNA-1273 booster (89.56%) (95% CI, 85.75-92.61). During the Pre-Delta period, all vaccination regimens showed an anti-infection effect; during the Delta period, only boosters, mixed vaccines, and Ad26.COV2.S vaccination exhibited an anti-infection effect; during the Omicron period, none of the vaccine regimens demonstrated an anti-infection effect. Irrespective of the variant period, even a single dose of mRNA vaccine offered protection against death, thus demonstrating survival benefit, even in the presence of infection or re-infection. Similar patterns were observed in patients with type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Although the anti-infection effect declined as SARS-CoV-2 variants evolved, all COVID-19 mRNA vaccines had sustained effectiveness against death. Vaccination was crucial for preventing re-infection and reducing the risk of death following SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Fu
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Kaipeng Wu
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Zhanwei Wang
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Lang Wu
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Richard Yanagihara
- Department of Pediatrics, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Jerris R Hedges
- Departments of Medicine and Surgery, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Youping Deng
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.
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14
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Nuraini N, Soekotjo FN, Alifia A, Sukandar KK, Lestari BW. Assessing potential surge of COVID-19 cases and the need for booster vaccine amid emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants in Indonesia: A modelling study from West Java. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20009. [PMID: 37809646 PMCID: PMC10559733 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Primary and booster vaccinations are crucial in COVID-19 control. This study aimed to assess the minimum booster coverage to hamper potential surge of COVID-19 cases in 2023 in Indonesia, a low-resource setting country. Methods We used a modified SEIR compartment model to assess different scenarios in booster coverage across West Java population: 35%, 50%, and 70%. We fitted the model, then we calculated the potential active cases in 2023 if each scenario was met before 2022 ends. A heat map of predicted cases from various booster coverages and time frames was produced and matched with vaccination rate's function to determine feasible time frames. Results A minimum of 70% booster coverage in West Java is needed to reduce 90% of potential COVID-19 cases and avert possible surge in 2023. The booster doses should be distributed before February 2023 to achieve its optimum preventive effect. Delays in achieving minimum booster coverage is acceptable, but higher booster coverage will be required. Conclusions For better COVID-19 control in Indonesia, booster vaccination is warranted, as presented by a case study in West Java. Sufficient vaccine supplies, infrastructure, and healthcare workers should be ensured to support a successful booster vaccination program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuning Nuraini
- Department of Mathematics, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Fadiya Nadhilah Soekotjo
- Research Center for Care and Control of Infectious Disease, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 40161, Indonesia
| | - Almira Alifia
- Research Center for Care and Control of Infectious Disease, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 40161, Indonesia
| | | | - Bony Wiem Lestari
- Epidemiology Group of COVID-19 Task Force for West Java, Bandung, 40171, Indonesia
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 40161, Indonesia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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15
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Djorwé S, Bousfiha A, Nzoyikorera N, Nyandwi J, Kawthar B, Malki A. Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 infection risks after primary vaccination with BNT162b2, BBIBP-CorV, or ChAdOx1-nCOV-19 and after homologous and heterologous booster vaccinations with these vaccines and evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection profiles. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2023; 13:31-48. [PMID: 37937059 PMCID: PMC10627210 DOI: 10.37796/2211-8039.1412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has significantly increased the number of cases of COVID-19 among vaccinated individuals, raising concerns about the effectiveness of current vaccines. The aim of this study was to analyze the SARS-CoV-2 infection risks after primary vaccination with BNT162b2, BBIBP-CorV, or ChAdOx1-nCOV-19 and after homologues and heterologous booster vaccinations with these vaccines, as well as the profiles of reinfected patients. Methods We analyzed retrospectively 1082 patients vaccinated or unvaccinated with BNT162b2, BBIBP-CorV, and/or ChAdOx1nCoV-19 vaccines to determine their SARS-CoV2 infection statuses using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in addition to their clinical features. The infection risks of patients receiving the different vaccine regimens were compared using multivariate logistic regression analysis, comparing the adjusted OR of a positive COVID-19 test result. Results Among 596 vaccinated patients, 53%(n = 286) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and 57%(n = 310) tested negative. Among positive cases, 10 were reinfection cases. The risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 1.6 (adj. OR) for patients who received one dose compared with those who received two doses (95% CI = 1.3-1.8; p < 0.01).The risk was 2.6 (adj. OR) for patients who received one dose compared with those who received three doses (95%CI = 2.1-3.3; p < 0.01), and 1.6 (adj. OR) for patients who received two doses compared with those who received three doses (95% CI = 1.3-2; p < 0.01). The patients who received two doses that were heterologous to that of the primary vaccine had the lowest risk of infection. Booster vaccinations (third dose) significantly reduced the number of positive cases with an acceptable safety profile. Higher cycle-threshold (Ct) values (indicative of viral load) were observed in vaccinated patients, whereas low Ct values were observed in unvaccinated patients. Conclusion A complete cycle of vaccination with homologous vaccines or heterologous vaccines resulted in an acceptable reduction in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further, vaccination was associated with a reduction in viral load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soulandi Djorwé
- Laboratory of Physiopathology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca (Morocco), Avenue Cdt Driss El Harti, Sidi Othman, PB 7955, Casablanca,
Morocco
- Bourgogne Laboratory of Medical and Scientific Analysis, 136, Residence Belhcen, Bd Bourgogne, Casablanca,
Morocco
| | - Amale Bousfiha
- Laboratory of Physiopathology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca (Morocco), Avenue Cdt Driss El Harti, Sidi Othman, PB 7955, Casablanca,
Morocco
| | - Néhémie Nzoyikorera
- National Reference Laboratory, National Institute of Public Health,
Burundi
- Higher Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca,
Morocco
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Infectiology Research, Mohammed VI Center for Research & Innovation, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca, Rabat,
Morocco
| | - Joseph Nyandwi
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université du Burundi,
Burundi
- Ministére de la Santé Publique et de la Lutte Contre le Sida, Institut National de Santé Publique de Bujumbura,
Burundi
| | - Bellamine Kawthar
- Bourgogne Laboratory of Medical and Scientific Analysis, 136, Residence Belhcen, Bd Bourgogne, Casablanca,
Morocco
| | - Abderrahim Malki
- Laboratory of Physiopathology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca (Morocco), Avenue Cdt Driss El Harti, Sidi Othman, PB 7955, Casablanca,
Morocco
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16
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Zeng Z, Geng X, Wen X, Chen Y, Zhu Y, Dong Z, Hao L, Wang T, Yang J, Zhang R, Zheng K, Sun Z, Zhang Y. Novel receptor, mutation, vaccine, and establishment of coping mode for SARS-CoV-2: current status and future. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1232453. [PMID: 37645223 PMCID: PMC10461067 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1232453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its resultant pneumonia in December 2019, the cumulative number of infected people worldwide has exceeded 670 million, with over 6.8 million deaths. Despite the marketing of multiple series of vaccines and the implementation of strict prevention and control measures in many countries, the spread and prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 have not been completely and effectively controlled. The latest research shows that in addition to angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2), dozens of protein molecules, including AXL, can act as host receptors for SARS-CoV-2 infecting human cells, and virus mutation and immune evasion never seem to stop. To sum up, this review summarizes and organizes the latest relevant literature, comprehensively reviews the genome characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 as well as receptor-based pathogenesis (including ACE2 and other new receptors), mutation and immune evasion, vaccine development and other aspects, and proposes a series of prevention and treatment opinions. It is expected to provide a theoretical basis for an in-depth understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 along with a research basis and new ideas for the diagnosis and classification, of COVID-19-related disease and for drug and vaccine research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaomu Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital Jiangxi Hospital of Central South University, National Regional Medical Center for Nervous System Diseases, Nanchang, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiuchao Geng
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Xichao Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yueyue Chen
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yixi Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zishu Dong
- Department of Zoology, Advanced Research Institute, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Liangchao Hao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Jifeng Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Ruobing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Kebin Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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17
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Zhang X, Xia J, Jin L, Wu Y, Zheng X, Cao X, Meng X, Li J, Zhu F. Effectiveness of homologous or heterologous immunization regimens against SARS-CoV-2 after two doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2221146. [PMID: 37344370 PMCID: PMC10288895 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2221146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness or efficacy of heterologous or homologous COVID-19 vaccine regimens against COVID-19-related outcomes after primary immunization with two doses of CoronaVac or Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccines. PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to 31 October 2022. The primary measure was vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 infection with homologous or heterologous booster. The results showed heterologous and homologous booster significantly improved effectiveness against COVID-19 infection compared to primary immunization. The effectiveness against COVID-19 infection was 89.19% (95%CI 78.49, 99.89) for heterologous mRNA vaccine booster, 87.00% (95%CI 82.14, 91.85) for non-replicating vector vaccine booster, 69.99% (95%CI 52.16, 87.82) for homologous booster, and 51.48% (95%CI 41.75, 61.21) for two doses of inactivated vaccine. Homologous and heterologous regimens were also effective against SARS-CoV-2 variants, and more evidence is still needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyin Zhang
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Jiayue Xia
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Lairun Jin
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yanfei Wu
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xiuyu Zheng
- Research & Development Center, CanSino Biologics Inc, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Cao
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xingchen Meng
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Jingxin Li
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Institute of Global Health and Emergency Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengcai Zhu
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Institute of Global Health and Emergency Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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18
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Andersson NW, Thiesson EM, Baum U, Pihlström N, Starrfelt J, Faksová K, Poukka E, Lund LC, Hansen CH, Aakjær M, Kjær J, Cohet C, Goossens M, Andersen M, Hallas J, Meijerink H, Ljung R, Hviid A. Comparative effectiveness of heterologous third dose vaccine schedules against severe covid-19 during omicron predominance in Nordic countries: population based cohort analyses. BMJ 2023; 382:e074325. [PMID: 37487623 PMCID: PMC10360027 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2022-074325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the comparative vaccine effectiveness of heterologous booster schedules (ie, three vaccine doses) compared with primary schedules (two vaccine doses) and with homologous mRNA vaccine booster schedules (three vaccine doses) during a period of omicron predominance. DESIGN Population based cohort analyses. SETTING Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden, 27 December 2020 to 31 December 2022. PARTICIPANTS All adults aged ≥18 years who had received at least a primary vaccination schedule of AZD1222 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) or monovalent SARS-CoV-2 wild type (ancestral) strain based mRNA vaccines BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) or mRNA-1273 (Moderna), in any combination. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcome measure was country combined risks of covid-19 related hospital admission and death with covid-19 and additional outcomes of covid-19 related admission to an intensive care unit and SARS-CoV-2 infection. During a period of omicron predominance, these outcomes were compared in those who received a heterologous booster versus primary schedule (matched analyses) and versus those who received a homologous mRNA vaccine booster (weighted analyses). Follow-up was for 75 days from day 14 after the booster dose; comparative vaccine effectiveness was calculated as 1-risk ratio. RESULTS Across the four Nordic countries, 1 086 418 participants had received a heterologous booster schedule of AZD1222+BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 and 2 505 093 had received a heterologous booster schedule of BNT162b2+mRNA-1273. Compared with the primary schedule only (two doses), the vaccine effectiveness of heterologous booster schedules comprising AZD1222+BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2+mRNA-1273 was 82.7% (95% confidence interval 77.1% to 88.2%) and 81.5% (78.9% to 84.2%) for covid-19 related hospital admission and 95.9% (91.6% to 100.0%) and 87.5% (82.5% to 92.6%) for death with covid-19, respectively. Homologous mRNA booster schedules were similarly associated with increased protection against covid-19 related hospital admission (≥76.5%) and death with covid-19 (≥84.1%) compared with previous primary course vaccination only. When a heterologous booster schedule was compared with the homologous booster schedule, vaccine effectiveness was 27.2% (3.7% to 50.6%) for AZD1222+BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 and 23.3% (15.8% to 30.8%) for BNT162b2+mRNA-1273 schedules against covid-19 related hospital admission and 21.7% (-8.3% to 51.7%) and 18.4% (-15.7% to 52.5%) against death with covid-19, respectively. CONCLUSION Heterologous booster schedules are associated with increased protection against severe, omicron related covid-19 outcomes compared with primary course schedules and homologous booster schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ulrike Baum
- Infectious Disease Control and Vaccinations Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nicklas Pihlström
- Division of Licensing, Swedish Medical Products Agency, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jostein Starrfelt
- Department of Infection Control and Preparedness, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristýna Faksová
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eero Poukka
- Infectious Disease Control and Vaccinations Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lars Christian Lund
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christian Holm Hansen
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mia Aakjær
- Pharmacovigilance Research Center, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Kjær
- Data Analytics Center, Danish Medicines Agency, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Morten Andersen
- Pharmacovigilance Research Center, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Hallas
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Clinical Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Hinta Meijerink
- Department of Infection Control and Vaccines, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rickard Ljung
- Division of Use and Information, Swedish Medical Products Agency, Uppsala, Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Hviid
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Pharmacovigilance Research Center, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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19
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Reinkemeyer C, Khazaei Y, Weigert M, Hannes M, Le Gleut R, Plank M, Winter S, Noreña I, Meier T, Xu L, Rubio-Acero R, Wiegrebe S, Le Thi TG, Fuchs C, Radon K, Paunovic I, Janke C, Wieser A, Küchenhoff H, Hoelscher M, Castelletti N. The Prospective COVID-19 Post-Immunization Serological Cohort in Munich (KoCo-Impf): Risk Factors and Determinants of Immune Response in Healthcare Workers. Viruses 2023; 15:1574. [PMID: 37515259 PMCID: PMC10383736 DOI: 10.3390/v15071574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody studies analyze immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infection, which is crucial for selecting vaccination strategies. In the KoCo-Impf study, conducted between 16 June and 16 December 2021, 6088 participants aged 18 and above from Munich were recruited to monitor antibodies, particularly in healthcare workers (HCWs) at higher risk of infection. Roche Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assays on dried blood spots were used to detect prior infections (anti-Nucleocapsid antibodies) and to indicate combinations of vaccinations/infections (anti-Spike antibodies). The anti-Spike seroprevalence was 94.7%, whereas, for anti-Nucleocapsid, it was only 6.9%. HCW status and contact with SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals were identified as infection risk factors, while vaccination and current smoking were associated with reduced risk. Older age correlated with higher anti-Nucleocapsid antibody levels, while vaccination and current smoking decreased the response. Vaccination alone or combined with infection led to higher anti-Spike antibody levels. Increasing time since the second vaccination, advancing age, and current smoking reduced the anti-Spike response. The cumulative number of cases in Munich affected the anti-Spike response over time but had no impact on anti-Nucleocapsid antibody development/seropositivity. Due to the significantly higher infection risk faced by HCWs and the limited number of significant risk factors, it is suggested that all HCWs require protection regardless of individual traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Reinkemeyer
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Yeganeh Khazaei
- Statistical Consulting Unit StaBLab, Department of Statistics, LMU Munich, Ludwigstraße 33, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Weigert
- Statistical Consulting Unit StaBLab, Department of Statistics, LMU Munich, Ludwigstraße 33, 80539 Munich, Germany
- Munich Center for Machine Learning (MCML), 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Marlene Hannes
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Ronan Le Gleut
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Core Facility Statistical Consulting, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Plank
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Winter
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Ivan Noreña
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Theresa Meier
- Statistical Consulting Unit StaBLab, Department of Statistics, LMU Munich, Ludwigstraße 33, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Xu
- Statistical Consulting Unit StaBLab, Department of Statistics, LMU Munich, Ludwigstraße 33, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Raquel Rubio-Acero
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Wiegrebe
- Statistical Consulting Unit StaBLab, Department of Statistics, LMU Munich, Ludwigstraße 33, 80539 Munich, Germany
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thu Giang Le Thi
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Christiane Fuchs
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Core Facility Statistical Consulting, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Center for Mathematics, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Katja Radon
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Center for International Health (CIH), University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) Munich, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 89337 Munich, Germany
| | - Ivana Paunovic
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Janke
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Wieser
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology, Infection and Pandemic Research, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Küchenhoff
- Statistical Consulting Unit StaBLab, Department of Statistics, LMU Munich, Ludwigstraße 33, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Hoelscher
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
- Center for International Health (CIH), University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology, Infection and Pandemic Research, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Noemi Castelletti
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology, Infection and Pandemic Research, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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20
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Sharma N, Basu S, Lalwani H, Rao S, Malik M, Garg S, Shrivastava R, Singh MM. COVID-19 Booster Dose Coverage and Hesitancy among Older Adults in an Urban Slum and Resettlement Colony in Delhi, India. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1177. [PMID: 37514993 PMCID: PMC10385507 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high prevalence of vaccine booster hesitancy, with the concomitant waning of humoral vaccine or hybrid immunity, and the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern can accentuate COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. The study objective was to ascertain the COVID-19 vaccination coverage, including the administration of precaution (booster) dose vaccination, among the older population in an urban slum and resettlement colony population in Delhi, India. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey in an urban resettlement colony, slum, and village cluster in the Northeast district of Delhi among residents aged ≥50 years. RESULTS A total of 2217 adults (58.28%) had obtained a COVID-19 booster (precaution) dose vaccine, 1404 (36.91%) had received two doses of a COVID-19 vaccine without booster dose, 121 (3.18%) were unvaccinated, while 62 (1.63%) participants received a single dose. Based on adjusted analysis, older adults (>65 years), higher education, and higher per-capita income were statistically significant predictors of booster dose vaccination. CONCLUSIONS More than four in ten adults in an urban slum and resettlement colony in Delhi lacked COVID-19 booster dose vaccination despite high rates of double-dose vaccination (~95%). Public health programming should provide an enhanced focus on reducing complacency with renewed prioritization for improving ease of access to COVID-19 vaccination services, particularly in underserved areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Sharma
- Department of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi 110002, India
| | - Saurav Basu
- Indian Institute of Public Health-Delhi, Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi 122002, India
| | - Heena Lalwani
- Department of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi 110002, India
| | - Shivani Rao
- Department of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi 110002, India
| | - Mansi Malik
- Indian Institute of Public Health-Delhi, Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi 122002, India
| | - Sandeep Garg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi 110002, India
| | - Rahul Shrivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, National Biopharma Mission, Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC), New Delhi 110003, India
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21
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Qin C, Du M, Wang Y, Li M, Wu H, Li S, Liu J. COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage among 42,565 Adults Amid the Spread of Omicron Variant in Beijing, China. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040739. [PMID: 37112651 PMCID: PMC10146383 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been in use for over two years, but studies that reflect real-world vaccination coverage and demographic determinants are lacking. Using a multistage stratified random cluster sampling method, we planned to directly explore vaccination coverage and the demographic determinants of different doses of COVID-19 vaccines in Beijing, especially in older populations. All 348 community health service centers in 16 districts were involved. We performed multivariable logistic regression analyses to identify demographic determinants of different coverage rates via adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% CIs. Of the 42,565 eligible participants, the total vaccination coverage rates for ≥1 dose, ≥2 doses, ≥3 doses, and 4 doses were 93.3%, 91.6%, 84.9%, and 13.0%, respectively, but decreased to 88.1%, 85.1%, 76.2%, and 3.8% in the older population. Among all participants, younger (aOR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.60–1.95), male (aOR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.06–1.23), and better-educated residents (high school and technical secondary school aOR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.43–1.74; bachelor’s degree aOR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.37–1.70) were more likely to be fully vaccinated. People who lived in rural areas (aOR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.31–1.60) and held the new rural cooperative health insurance (aOR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.20–1.57) established a higher rate of full vaccination coverage. No history of chronic disease was positively associated with a higher coverage rate (aOR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.66–1.97). Occupation also affected vaccination coverage. Demographic factors influencing the rate of vaccination with at least one or three doses were consistent with the results above. Results remained robust in a sensitivity analysis. Given the highly transmissible variants and declining antibody titers, accelerating the promotion of booster vaccination coverage, especially in high-risk groups such as the elderly, is a top priority. For all vaccine-preventable diseases, rapidly clarifying vaccine-hesitant populations, clearing barriers, and establishing a better immune barrier can effectively safeguard people’s lives and property and coordinate economic development with epidemic prevention and control.
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22
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Why Some People Are Hesitant to Receive COVID-19 Boosters: A Systematic Review. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8030159. [PMID: 36977160 PMCID: PMC10054177 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8030159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As the COVID-19 pandemic continues and transitions to an endemic stage, booster vaccines will play an important role in personal and public health. However, convincing people to take boosters continues to be a key obstacle. This study systematically analyzed research that examined the predictors of COVID-19 booster vaccine hesitancy. A search of PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus uncovered 42 eligible studies. Globally, the average COVID-19 booster vaccination hesitancy rate was 30.72%. Thirteen key factors influencing booster hesitancy emerged from the literature: demographics (gender, age, education, income, occupation, employment status, ethnicity, and marital status), geographical influences (country, region, and residency), adverse events, perceived benefit/efficacy, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, prior history of COVID-19 infection, vaccination status, vaccination recommendations, health status, knowledge and information, skepticism/distrust/conspiracy theories, and vaccine type. Vaccine communication campaigns and interventions for COVID boosters should focus on factors influencing booster confidence, complacency, and convenience.
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23
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Maltezou HC, Basoulis D, Bonelis K, Gamaletsou MN, Giannouchos TV, Karantoni E, Karapanou Α, Kounouklas K, Livanou ME, Zotou M, Rapti V, Stamou P, Loulakis D, Souliotis K, Chini M, Panagopoulos P, Poulakou G, Syrigos KN, Hatzigeorgiou D, Sipsas NV. Effectiveness of full (booster) COVID-19 vaccination against severe outcomes and work absenteeism in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 during the Delta and Omicron waves in Greece. Vaccine 2023; 41:2343-2348. [PMID: 36740558 PMCID: PMC9892328 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM We estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) of full (booster) vaccination against severe outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients during the Delta and Omicron waves. METHODS The study extended from November 15, 2021 to April 17, 2022. Full vaccination was defined as a primary vaccination plus a booster ≥ 6 months later. RESULTS We studied 1138 patients (mean age: 66.6 years), of whom 826 (72.6 %) had > 1 comorbidity. Of the 1138 patients, 75 (6.6 %) were admitted to intensive care unit (ICU), 64 (5.6 %) received mechanical ventilation, and 172 (15.1 %) died. There were 386 (33.9 %) fully vaccinated, 172 (15.1 %) partially vaccinated, and 580 (51 %) unvaccinated patients. Unvaccinated patients were absent from work for longer periods compared to partially or fully vaccinated patients (mean absence of 20.1 days versus 12.3 and 17.3 days, respectively; p-value = 0.03). Compared to unvaccinated patients, fully vaccinated patients were less likely to be admitted to ICU [adjusted relative risk (ARR: 0.49; 95 % CI: 0.29-0.84)], mechanically ventilated (ARR: 0.43; 95 % CI: 0.23-0.80), and die (ARR: 0.57; 95 % CI: 0.42-0.78), while they were hospitalized for significantly shorter periods (ARR: 0.79; 95 % CI: 0.70-0.89). The adjusted full VE was 48.8 % (95 % CI: 42.7 %-54.9 %) against ICU admission, 55.4 % (95 % CI: 52.0 %-56.2 %) against mechanical ventilation, and 22.6 % (95 % CI: 7.4 %-34.8 %) against death. For patients with ≥ 3 comorbidities, VE was 56.2 % (95 % CI: 43.9 %-67.1 %) against ICU admission, 60.2 % (95 % CI: 53.7 %-65.4 %) against mechanical ventilation, and 43.9 % (95 % CI: 19.9 %-59.7 %) against death. CONCLUSIONS Full (booster) COVID-19 vaccination conferred protection against severe outcomes, prolonged hospitalization, and prolonged work absenteeism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena C. Maltezou
- Directorate of Research, Studies and Documentation, National Public Health Organization, Athens, Greece,Corresponding author at: at: Directorate of Research, Studies and Documentation, National Public Health Organization, 3-5 Agrafon Street, Athens 15123 Greece
| | - Dimitrios Basoulis
- Pathophysiology Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Bonelis
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Maria N. Gamaletsou
- Pathophysiology Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros V. Giannouchos
- Department of Health Services Policy and Management, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Eleni Karantoni
- Second Clinic of Internal Medicine, COVID-19 Department, 251 Hellenic Air Force General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Αmalia Karapanou
- Infection Control Committee, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kounouklas
- Second Clinic of Internal Medicine, COVID-19 Department, 251 Hellenic Air Force General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Effrosyni Livanou
- Third Department of Internal Medicine and Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Zotou
- Third Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases Unit, Korgialeneio-Benakeio Red Cross Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Rapti
- Third Department of Internal Medicine and Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Stamou
- Second Clinic of Internal Medicine, COVID-19 Department, 251 Hellenic Air Force General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Loulakis
- Third Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases Unit, Korgialeneio-Benakeio Red Cross Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Souliotis
- Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Corinth, Greece,Health Policy Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Chini
- Third Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases Unit, Korgialeneio-Benakeio Red Cross Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Periklis Panagopoulos
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Garyfalia Poulakou
- Third Department of Internal Medicine and Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos N. Syrigos
- Third Department of Internal Medicine and Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Nikolaos V. Sipsas
- Pathophysiology Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
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24
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Timing of last COVID-19 vaccine dose and SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in fully (boosted) vaccinated healthcare personnel. J Hosp Infect 2023; 132:46-51. [PMID: 36473554 PMCID: PMC9721165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2022.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM To estimate the incidence, timing and severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) breakthrough infections in fully vaccinated healthcare personnel (HCP). METHODS In total, 6496 fully vaccinated HCP were analysed prospectively from 15th November 2021 to 17th April 2022. Full coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination was defined as a complete primary vaccination series followed by a booster dose at least 6 months later. RESULTS Overall, 1845 SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections occurred (28.4 episodes per 100 HCP), of which 1493 (80.9%) were COVID-19 cases and 352 (19.1%) were asymptomatic infections. Of the 1493 HCP with COVID-19, four were hospitalized for 3-6 days (hospitalization rate among HCP with COVID-19: 0.3%). No intubations or deaths occurred. SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections occurred at a mean of 16.2 weeks after the last vaccine dose. Multi-variable regression analyses showed that among the 1845 HCP with a breakthrough infection, the administration of a COVID-19 vaccine dose ≥16.2 weeks before the infection was associated with increased likelihood of developing COVID-19 rather than asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection [odds ratio (OR) 1.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-2.46; P=0.045] compared with administering a vaccine dose later. The likelihood of developing COVID-19 compared with asymptomatic infection increased by 7% weekly after the last COVID-19 vaccine dose (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.03-1.11; P=0.001). CONCLUSION SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections are common among fully (boosted) vaccinated HCP. However, full COVID-19 vaccination offered considerable protection against hospitalization. These findings may contribute to defining the optimal timing for booster vaccinations. More efficient COVID-19 vaccines that will also confer protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection are needed urgently.
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25
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Ricci A, Roviello GN. Exploring the Protective Effect of Food Drugs against Viral Diseases: Interaction of Functional Food Ingredients and SARS-CoV-2, Influenza Virus, and HSV. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020402. [PMID: 36836758 PMCID: PMC9966545 DOI: 10.3390/life13020402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A complex network of processes inside the human immune system provides resistance against a wide range of pathologies. These defenses form an innate and adaptive immunity, in which certain immune components work together to counteract infections. In addition to inherited variables, the susceptibility to diseases may be influenced by factors such as lifestyle choices and aging, as well as environmental determinants. It has been shown that certain dietary chemical components regulate signal transduction and cell morphologies which, in turn, have consequences on pathophysiology. The consumption of some functional foods may increase immune cell activity, defending us against a number of diseases, including those caused by viruses. Here, we investigate a range of functional foods, often marketed as immune system boosters, in an attempt to find indications of their potential protective role against diseases caused by viruses, such as the influenza viruses (A and B), herpes simplex virus (HSV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), in some cases mediated by gut microbiota. We also discuss the molecular mechanisms that govern the protective effects of some functional foods and their molecular constituents. The main message of this review is that discovering foods that are able to strengthen the immune system can be a winning weapon against viral diseases. In addition, understanding how the dietary components function can aid in the development of novel strategies for maintaining human bodily health and keeping our immune systems strong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ricci
- Studio Nutrizione e Benessere, Via Giuseppe Verdi 1, 84043 Agropoli, Italy
| | - Giovanni N. Roviello
- Italian National Council for Research (IBB-CNR), Area Di Ricerca Site and Headquarters, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0812203415
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26
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Ying CQ, Lin XQ, Lv L, Chen Y, Jiang JJ, Zhang Y, Tung TH, Zhu JS. Intentions of Patients with Hypertension to Receive a Booster Dose of the COVID-19 Vaccine: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Taizhou, China. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101635. [PMID: 36298500 PMCID: PMC9608070 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 patients with hypertension have increased hospital complications and mortality rates. Moreover, these patients also have lower antibody titers after receiving the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine. Therefore, patients with hypertension should receive a COVID-19 vaccine booster. To promote the uptake of COVID-19 vaccine booster among hypertensive patients, this study investigated patients’ willingness and factors that influence patients with hypertension to receive the COVID-19 vaccine booster. From July 2021 to August, 410 patients with hypertension were surveyed. Overall, 76.8% of patients were willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine booster, as 82.7% of patients without comorbidities and 72.7% of patients with comorbidities were willing to receive the vaccine booster. The main factors that influenced the willingness of patients with hypertension to receive a booster dose were the preventive effect of the vaccine (χ2 = 52.827, p < 0.05), vaccine safety (χ2 = 42.423, p < 0.05), vaccine knowledge (χ2 = 7.831, p < 0.05), presence of comorbidities (χ2 = 4.862, p < 0.05), disease control (χ2 = 5.039, p < 0.05), and antihypertensive treatments (χ2 = 12.565, p < 0.05). This study’s findings highlight the need to promote knowledge about booster vaccination among patients and health management. These measures would improve patients’ willingness and knowledge about the vaccine and their health status, which are the main factors that influence patients’ intention to receive booster vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Qian Ying
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai 317000, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai 317000, China
| | - Li Lv
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Linhai 317000, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai 317000, China
| | - Jian-Jun Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Linhai 317000, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Linhai 317000, China
| | - Tao-Hsin Tung
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai 317000, China
- Correspondence: (T.-H.T.); (J.-S.Z.)
| | - Jian-Sheng Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai 317000, China
- Correspondence: (T.-H.T.); (J.-S.Z.)
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