1
|
Tsega TD, Kebede AM, Dessie TM, Adane B, Yalew M, Ahmed AF, Mehari MG, Bayeh GM, Yeshiwas AG, Yizengaw MA, Alene T, Aynalem ZB. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and its association with knowledge and attitude among patients with chronic diseases in Ethiopia. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2350815. [PMID: 38757639 PMCID: PMC11110712 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2350815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccine acceptance is crucial for patients with chronic diseases, but previous studies in Ethiopia have yielded inconsistent and inconclusive findings. To fill this gap, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following established guidelines. Our search included relevant articles published between 2019 and 2023 from various sources. We assessed study heterogeneity and publication bias, and performed subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Our findings indicate that the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate among patients with chronic diseases in Ethiopia was 55.4%. We also found that good knowledge and a favorable attitude toward the vaccine were positively associated with the acceptance rate. Based on these results, we recommend that healthcare professionals, policymakers, and healthcare guide developers should work more to address the relatively low acceptance rate. Improving the knowledge and attitude further about the COVID-19 vaccines is crucial. Future research should include community-based and qualitative studies to enhance our understanding of vaccines acceptance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tilahun Degu Tsega
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Abebaw Molla Kebede
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Miretie Dessie
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Bezawit Adane
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Melaku Yalew
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Ahmed Fentaw Ahmed
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Molla Getie Mehari
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Gashaw Melkie Bayeh
- Department of Environmental health, College of medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Almaw Genet Yeshiwas
- Department of Environmental health, College of medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Mekuanent Asmare Yizengaw
- Department of Anesthesia, College of medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University,Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Tamiru Alene
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Zewdu Bishaw Aynalem
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tan YY, Chang WH, Katsoulis M, Denaxas S, King KC, Cox MP, Davie C, Balloux F, Lai AG. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health-care use among patients with cancer in England, UK: a comprehensive phase-by-phase time-series analysis across attendance types for 38 cancers. Lancet Digit Health 2024; 6:e691-e704. [PMID: 39332853 DOI: 10.1016/s2589-7500(24)00152-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the widespread disruption of cancer health provision services across the entirety of the cancer care pathway in the UK, from screening to treatment. The potential long-term health implications, including increased mortality for individuals who missed diagnoses or appointments, are concerning. However, the precise impact of lockdown policies on national cancer health service provision across diagnostic groups is understudied. We aimed to systematically evaluate changes in patterns of attendance for groups of individuals diagnosed with cancer, including the changes in attendance volume and consultation rates, stratified by both time-based exposures and by patient-based exposures and to better understand the impact of such changes on cancer-specific mortality. METHODS In this retrospective, cross-sectional, phase-by-phase time-series analysis, by using primary care records linked to hospitals and the death registry from Jan 1, 1998, to June 17, 2021, we conducted descriptive analyses to quantify attendance changes for groups stratified by patient-based exposures (Index of Multiple Deprivation, ethnicity, age, comorbidity count, practice region, diagnosis time, and cancer subtype) across different phases of the COVID-19 pandemic in England, UK. In this study, we defined the phases of the COVID-19 pandemic as: pre-pandemic period (Jan 1, 2018, to March 22, 2020), lockdown 1 (March 23 to June 21, 2020), minimal restrictions (June 22 to Sept 20, 2020), lockdown 2 (Sept 21, 2020, to Jan 3, 2021), lockdown 3 (Jan 4 to March 21, 2021), and lockdown restrictions lifted (March 22 to March 31, 2021). In the analyses we examined changes in both attendance volume and consultation rate. We further compared changes in attendance trends to cancer-specific mortality trends. Finally, we conducted an interrupted time-series analysis with the lockdown on March 23, 2020, as the intervention point using an autoregressive integrated moving average model. FINDINGS From 561 611 eligible individuals, 7 964 685 attendances were recorded. During the first lockdown, the median attendance volume decreased (-35·30% [IQR -36·10 to -34·25]) compared with the preceding pre-pandemic period, followed by a median change of 4·38% (2·66 to 5·15) during minimal restrictions. More drastic reductions in attendance volume were seen in the second (-48·71% [-49·54 to -48·26]) and third (-71·62% [-72·23 to -70·97]) lockdowns. These reductions were followed by a 4·48% (3·45 to 7·10) increase in attendance when lockdown restrictions were lifted. The median consultation rate change during the first lockdown was 31·32% (25·10 to 33·60), followed by a median change of -0·25% (-1·38 to 1·68) during minimal restrictions. The median consultation rate decreased in the second (-33·89% [-34·64 to -33·18]) and third (-4·98% [-5·71 to -4·00]) lockdowns, followed by a 416·16% increase (409·77 to 429·77) upon lifting of lockdown restrictions. Notably, across many weeks, a year-over-year decrease in weekly attendances corresponded with a year-over-year increase in cancer-specific mortality. Overall, the pandemic period revealed a statistically significant reduction in attendances for patients with cancer (lockdown 1 -24 070·19 attendances, p<0·0001; minimal restrictions -19 194·89 attendances, p<0·0001; lockdown 2 -31 311·28 attendances, p<0·0001; lockdown 3 -43 843·38 attendances, p<0·0001; and lockdown restrictions lifted -56 260·50 attendances, p<0·0001) compared with before the pandemic. INTERPRETATION The UK's COVID-19 pandemic lockdown affected cancer health service access negatively. Many groups of individuals with cancer had declines in attendance volume and consultation rate across the phases of the pandemic. A decrease in attendances might lead to delays in cancer diagnoses, treatment, and follow-up, putting such groups of individuals at higher risk of negative health outcomes, such as cancer-specific mortality. We discuss the factors potentially responsible for explaining changes in service provision trends and provide insight to help inform clinical follow-up for groups of individuals at risk, alongside potential future policy changes in the care of such patients. FUNDING Wellcome Trust, National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, National Institute for Health Research Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, Academy of Medical Sciences, and the University College London Overseas Research Scholarship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yen Yi Tan
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Wai Hoong Chang
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michail Katsoulis
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Spiros Denaxas
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kayla C King
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Murray P Cox
- Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Alvina G Lai
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Romer D, Patterson S, Jamieson PE, Jamieson KH. What Caused the Narrowing of Black-White COVID-19 Vaccination Disparity in the US? A Test of 5 Hypotheses. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024; 29:371-382. [PMID: 38757709 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2024.2354360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Despite differential uptake of COVID-19 vaccination between Black and non-Hispanic White Americans early in the pandemic, the gap narrowed over time. We tested five hypotheses that could explain the reduction in the disparity. Using a national probability panel of over 1800 individuals surveyed from April 2021 to July 2022, we assessed receipt of recommended doses of COVID-19 vaccines along with (a) reported exposure to deaths due to COVID-19, (b) trust in US health authorities, such as the CDC, (c) knowledge about the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination, (d) media use as a source of information, and (e) access to COVID-19 vaccines. Only increases in knowledge about the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines uniquely mediated the increase in vaccination uptake among non-Hispanic Black compared to White, Asian and Hispanic panelists. While trust in CDC and exposure to COVID-19 deaths were related to vaccination acceptance at baseline, those factors were not associated with change in reported vaccination coverage. In addition, neither differential access nor media use explained the increase. Enhanced knowledge about the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination transmitted from within the Black community likely helped to increase vaccination relative to other racial-ethnic groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Romer
- Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania Annenberg Public Policy Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shawn Patterson
- Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania Annenberg Public Policy Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patrick E Jamieson
- Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania Annenberg Public Policy Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kathleen Hall Jamieson
- Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania Annenberg Public Policy Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Earle-Richardson G, Nestor C, Fisher KA, Soelaeman RH, Calanan RM, Yee D, Craig C, Reese P, Prue CE. Attitudes, Beliefs, and Perceptions Associated with Mask Wearing within Four Racial and Ethnic Groups Early in the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:1628-1642. [PMID: 37258995 PMCID: PMC10231299 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01638-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While previous studies have identified a range of factors associated with mask wearing in the US, little is known about drivers of mask-wearing among racial and ethnic minority groups. This analysis assessed whether factors positively associated with wearing a mask early in the pandemic differed between participants grouped by race/ethnicity (Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic Asian, and non-Hispanic White). METHOD Data were obtained from a US internet panel survey of 3217 respondents during May-November 2020 (weighted by race/ethnicity, age, gender, and education to the US national population). Within each of the four available racial/ethnic groups, crude and adjusted odds ratios (COR and AOR) were calculated using logistic regression to assess factors positively associated with wearing a mask. Adjusted models were controlled for age, gender, education, county COVID-19 case count, presence of a state-issued mask mandate, and interview month. RESULTS The following variables were most strongly positively associated with mask wearing (p<0.05) in each racial/ethnic group: Hispanic-seeing others wearing masks (AOR: 6.7), importance of wearing a mask combined with social distancing (AOR: 3.0); non-Hispanic Black-belief that wearing a mask would protect others from coronavirus (AOR: 5.1), reporting hearing that one should wear a mask (AOR: 3.6); non-Hispanic Asian-belief that people important to them believe they should wear a mask (COR: 5.1, not statistically significant); and non-Hispanic White-seeing others wearing masks (AOR: 3.1), importance of wearing a mask (AOR: 2.3). CONCLUSION Public health efforts to encourage mask wearing should consider the diversity of behavioral influences within different population groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Earle-Richardson
- National, Center for Emerging & Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA.
| | - Ciara Nestor
- National, Center for Emerging & Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Kiva A Fisher
- Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Rieza H Soelaeman
- National, Center for Emerging & Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Renee M Calanan
- National, Center for Emerging & Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
- US Public Health Service, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Daiva Yee
- Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Christina Craig
- National, Center for Emerging & Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Patricia Reese
- National, Center for Emerging & Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Christine E Prue
- National, Center for Emerging & Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Olanlesi-Aliu A, Kemei J, Alaazi D, Tunde-Byass M, Renzaho A, Sekyi-Out A, Mullings DV, Osei-Tutu K, Salami B. COVID-19 among Black people in Canada: a scoping review. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can 2024; 44:112-125. [PMID: 38501682 PMCID: PMC11092311 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.44.3.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated health inequities worldwide. Research conducted in Canada shows that Black populations were disproportionately exposed to COVID-19 and more likely than other ethnoracial groups to be infected and hospitalized. This scoping review sought to map out the nature and extent of current research on COVID-19 among Black people in Canada. METHODS Following a five-stage methodological framework for conducting scoping reviews, studies exploring the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Black people in Canada, published up to May 2023, were retrieved through a systematic search of seven databases. Of 457 identified records, 124 duplicates and 279 additional records were excluded after title and abstract screening. Of the remaining 54 articles, 39 were excluded after full-text screening; 2 articles were manually picked from the reference lists of the included articles. In total, 17 articles were included in this review. RESULTS Our review found higher rates of COVID-19 infections and lower rates of COVID-19 screening and vaccine uptake among Black Canadians due to pre-COVID-19 experiences of institutional and structural racism, health inequities and a mistrust of health care professionals that further impeded access to health care. Misinformation about COVID-19 exacerbated mental health issues among Black Canadians. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest the need to address social inequities experienced by Black Canadians, particularly those related to unequal access to employment and health care. Collecting race-based data on COVID-19 could inform policy formulation to address racial discrimination in access to health care, quality housing and employment, resolve inequities and improve the health and well-being of Black people in Canada.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Janet Kemei
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dominic Alaazi
- Health and Immigration Policies and Practices Research Program (HIPP), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Modupe Tunde-Byass
- Black Physicians of Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andre Renzaho
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Campbell Town Campus, Western Sydney University, Australia
| | | | - Delores V Mullings
- School of Social Work, Memorial University, St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Kannin Osei-Tutu
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bukola Salami
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Health and Immigration Policies and Practices Research Program (HIPP), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Miller HN, Stevens SC, Young D, Lacanienta CT, Tomiwa T, Vazquez MG, Olawole W, Zhu T, Lewis-Land C, Clark R, Peeler A, Byiringiro S, Cook B, Weston C, Bronner Y, Rich T, Himmelfarb CR. Grassroots and Digital Outreach Strategies Raise Awareness of COVID-19 Information and Research in Baltimore City. Am J Public Health 2024; 114:S69-S73. [PMID: 38207261 PMCID: PMC10785161 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2023.307492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
We aimed to disseminate reliable COVID-19 information to the Black and Latino communities of Baltimore City, Maryland, between July 2020 and December 2022. With community partners, we disseminated evidence-based COVID-19 information via grassroots and digital strategies, including Hopkins Opportunity for Participant Engagement, and connected volunteers to COVID-19 research. Using a multimodal approach facilitated dissemination of reliable information and raised awareness of research; evaluation of trust is ongoing. Robust, multimodal strategies are needed to foster trust and equity among diverse communities. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(S1):S69-S73. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307492).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hailey N Miller
- Hailey N. Miller, Donald Young, Wura Olawole, Trinity Zhu, Samuel Byiringiro, Brittany Cook, and Cheryl R. Himmelfarb are with the Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. Sarah C. Stevens, Cyd T. Lacanienta, Tosin Tomiwa, Cassie Lewis-Land, and Anna Peeler are with the Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Johns Hopkins University. Monica Guerrero Vazquez is with Centro SOL, Baltimore, MD. Roger Clark is with the Community Research Advisory Council, Johns Hopkins University. Christine Weston is with Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University. Yvonne Bronner is with the Morgan State University School of Community Health and Policy, Baltimore, MD. Tim Rich is with Reaching Innocent Children Hearts Foundation, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sarah C Stevens
- Hailey N. Miller, Donald Young, Wura Olawole, Trinity Zhu, Samuel Byiringiro, Brittany Cook, and Cheryl R. Himmelfarb are with the Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. Sarah C. Stevens, Cyd T. Lacanienta, Tosin Tomiwa, Cassie Lewis-Land, and Anna Peeler are with the Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Johns Hopkins University. Monica Guerrero Vazquez is with Centro SOL, Baltimore, MD. Roger Clark is with the Community Research Advisory Council, Johns Hopkins University. Christine Weston is with Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University. Yvonne Bronner is with the Morgan State University School of Community Health and Policy, Baltimore, MD. Tim Rich is with Reaching Innocent Children Hearts Foundation, Baltimore, MD
| | - Donald Young
- Hailey N. Miller, Donald Young, Wura Olawole, Trinity Zhu, Samuel Byiringiro, Brittany Cook, and Cheryl R. Himmelfarb are with the Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. Sarah C. Stevens, Cyd T. Lacanienta, Tosin Tomiwa, Cassie Lewis-Land, and Anna Peeler are with the Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Johns Hopkins University. Monica Guerrero Vazquez is with Centro SOL, Baltimore, MD. Roger Clark is with the Community Research Advisory Council, Johns Hopkins University. Christine Weston is with Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University. Yvonne Bronner is with the Morgan State University School of Community Health and Policy, Baltimore, MD. Tim Rich is with Reaching Innocent Children Hearts Foundation, Baltimore, MD
| | - Cyd T Lacanienta
- Hailey N. Miller, Donald Young, Wura Olawole, Trinity Zhu, Samuel Byiringiro, Brittany Cook, and Cheryl R. Himmelfarb are with the Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. Sarah C. Stevens, Cyd T. Lacanienta, Tosin Tomiwa, Cassie Lewis-Land, and Anna Peeler are with the Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Johns Hopkins University. Monica Guerrero Vazquez is with Centro SOL, Baltimore, MD. Roger Clark is with the Community Research Advisory Council, Johns Hopkins University. Christine Weston is with Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University. Yvonne Bronner is with the Morgan State University School of Community Health and Policy, Baltimore, MD. Tim Rich is with Reaching Innocent Children Hearts Foundation, Baltimore, MD
| | - Tosin Tomiwa
- Hailey N. Miller, Donald Young, Wura Olawole, Trinity Zhu, Samuel Byiringiro, Brittany Cook, and Cheryl R. Himmelfarb are with the Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. Sarah C. Stevens, Cyd T. Lacanienta, Tosin Tomiwa, Cassie Lewis-Land, and Anna Peeler are with the Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Johns Hopkins University. Monica Guerrero Vazquez is with Centro SOL, Baltimore, MD. Roger Clark is with the Community Research Advisory Council, Johns Hopkins University. Christine Weston is with Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University. Yvonne Bronner is with the Morgan State University School of Community Health and Policy, Baltimore, MD. Tim Rich is with Reaching Innocent Children Hearts Foundation, Baltimore, MD
| | - Monica Guerrero Vazquez
- Hailey N. Miller, Donald Young, Wura Olawole, Trinity Zhu, Samuel Byiringiro, Brittany Cook, and Cheryl R. Himmelfarb are with the Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. Sarah C. Stevens, Cyd T. Lacanienta, Tosin Tomiwa, Cassie Lewis-Land, and Anna Peeler are with the Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Johns Hopkins University. Monica Guerrero Vazquez is with Centro SOL, Baltimore, MD. Roger Clark is with the Community Research Advisory Council, Johns Hopkins University. Christine Weston is with Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University. Yvonne Bronner is with the Morgan State University School of Community Health and Policy, Baltimore, MD. Tim Rich is with Reaching Innocent Children Hearts Foundation, Baltimore, MD
| | - Wura Olawole
- Hailey N. Miller, Donald Young, Wura Olawole, Trinity Zhu, Samuel Byiringiro, Brittany Cook, and Cheryl R. Himmelfarb are with the Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. Sarah C. Stevens, Cyd T. Lacanienta, Tosin Tomiwa, Cassie Lewis-Land, and Anna Peeler are with the Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Johns Hopkins University. Monica Guerrero Vazquez is with Centro SOL, Baltimore, MD. Roger Clark is with the Community Research Advisory Council, Johns Hopkins University. Christine Weston is with Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University. Yvonne Bronner is with the Morgan State University School of Community Health and Policy, Baltimore, MD. Tim Rich is with Reaching Innocent Children Hearts Foundation, Baltimore, MD
| | - Trinity Zhu
- Hailey N. Miller, Donald Young, Wura Olawole, Trinity Zhu, Samuel Byiringiro, Brittany Cook, and Cheryl R. Himmelfarb are with the Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. Sarah C. Stevens, Cyd T. Lacanienta, Tosin Tomiwa, Cassie Lewis-Land, and Anna Peeler are with the Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Johns Hopkins University. Monica Guerrero Vazquez is with Centro SOL, Baltimore, MD. Roger Clark is with the Community Research Advisory Council, Johns Hopkins University. Christine Weston is with Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University. Yvonne Bronner is with the Morgan State University School of Community Health and Policy, Baltimore, MD. Tim Rich is with Reaching Innocent Children Hearts Foundation, Baltimore, MD
| | - Cassie Lewis-Land
- Hailey N. Miller, Donald Young, Wura Olawole, Trinity Zhu, Samuel Byiringiro, Brittany Cook, and Cheryl R. Himmelfarb are with the Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. Sarah C. Stevens, Cyd T. Lacanienta, Tosin Tomiwa, Cassie Lewis-Land, and Anna Peeler are with the Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Johns Hopkins University. Monica Guerrero Vazquez is with Centro SOL, Baltimore, MD. Roger Clark is with the Community Research Advisory Council, Johns Hopkins University. Christine Weston is with Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University. Yvonne Bronner is with the Morgan State University School of Community Health and Policy, Baltimore, MD. Tim Rich is with Reaching Innocent Children Hearts Foundation, Baltimore, MD
| | - Roger Clark
- Hailey N. Miller, Donald Young, Wura Olawole, Trinity Zhu, Samuel Byiringiro, Brittany Cook, and Cheryl R. Himmelfarb are with the Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. Sarah C. Stevens, Cyd T. Lacanienta, Tosin Tomiwa, Cassie Lewis-Land, and Anna Peeler are with the Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Johns Hopkins University. Monica Guerrero Vazquez is with Centro SOL, Baltimore, MD. Roger Clark is with the Community Research Advisory Council, Johns Hopkins University. Christine Weston is with Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University. Yvonne Bronner is with the Morgan State University School of Community Health and Policy, Baltimore, MD. Tim Rich is with Reaching Innocent Children Hearts Foundation, Baltimore, MD
| | - Anna Peeler
- Hailey N. Miller, Donald Young, Wura Olawole, Trinity Zhu, Samuel Byiringiro, Brittany Cook, and Cheryl R. Himmelfarb are with the Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. Sarah C. Stevens, Cyd T. Lacanienta, Tosin Tomiwa, Cassie Lewis-Land, and Anna Peeler are with the Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Johns Hopkins University. Monica Guerrero Vazquez is with Centro SOL, Baltimore, MD. Roger Clark is with the Community Research Advisory Council, Johns Hopkins University. Christine Weston is with Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University. Yvonne Bronner is with the Morgan State University School of Community Health and Policy, Baltimore, MD. Tim Rich is with Reaching Innocent Children Hearts Foundation, Baltimore, MD
| | - Samuel Byiringiro
- Hailey N. Miller, Donald Young, Wura Olawole, Trinity Zhu, Samuel Byiringiro, Brittany Cook, and Cheryl R. Himmelfarb are with the Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. Sarah C. Stevens, Cyd T. Lacanienta, Tosin Tomiwa, Cassie Lewis-Land, and Anna Peeler are with the Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Johns Hopkins University. Monica Guerrero Vazquez is with Centro SOL, Baltimore, MD. Roger Clark is with the Community Research Advisory Council, Johns Hopkins University. Christine Weston is with Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University. Yvonne Bronner is with the Morgan State University School of Community Health and Policy, Baltimore, MD. Tim Rich is with Reaching Innocent Children Hearts Foundation, Baltimore, MD
| | - Brittany Cook
- Hailey N. Miller, Donald Young, Wura Olawole, Trinity Zhu, Samuel Byiringiro, Brittany Cook, and Cheryl R. Himmelfarb are with the Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. Sarah C. Stevens, Cyd T. Lacanienta, Tosin Tomiwa, Cassie Lewis-Land, and Anna Peeler are with the Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Johns Hopkins University. Monica Guerrero Vazquez is with Centro SOL, Baltimore, MD. Roger Clark is with the Community Research Advisory Council, Johns Hopkins University. Christine Weston is with Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University. Yvonne Bronner is with the Morgan State University School of Community Health and Policy, Baltimore, MD. Tim Rich is with Reaching Innocent Children Hearts Foundation, Baltimore, MD
| | - Christine Weston
- Hailey N. Miller, Donald Young, Wura Olawole, Trinity Zhu, Samuel Byiringiro, Brittany Cook, and Cheryl R. Himmelfarb are with the Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. Sarah C. Stevens, Cyd T. Lacanienta, Tosin Tomiwa, Cassie Lewis-Land, and Anna Peeler are with the Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Johns Hopkins University. Monica Guerrero Vazquez is with Centro SOL, Baltimore, MD. Roger Clark is with the Community Research Advisory Council, Johns Hopkins University. Christine Weston is with Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University. Yvonne Bronner is with the Morgan State University School of Community Health and Policy, Baltimore, MD. Tim Rich is with Reaching Innocent Children Hearts Foundation, Baltimore, MD
| | - Yvonne Bronner
- Hailey N. Miller, Donald Young, Wura Olawole, Trinity Zhu, Samuel Byiringiro, Brittany Cook, and Cheryl R. Himmelfarb are with the Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. Sarah C. Stevens, Cyd T. Lacanienta, Tosin Tomiwa, Cassie Lewis-Land, and Anna Peeler are with the Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Johns Hopkins University. Monica Guerrero Vazquez is with Centro SOL, Baltimore, MD. Roger Clark is with the Community Research Advisory Council, Johns Hopkins University. Christine Weston is with Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University. Yvonne Bronner is with the Morgan State University School of Community Health and Policy, Baltimore, MD. Tim Rich is with Reaching Innocent Children Hearts Foundation, Baltimore, MD
| | - Tim Rich
- Hailey N. Miller, Donald Young, Wura Olawole, Trinity Zhu, Samuel Byiringiro, Brittany Cook, and Cheryl R. Himmelfarb are with the Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. Sarah C. Stevens, Cyd T. Lacanienta, Tosin Tomiwa, Cassie Lewis-Land, and Anna Peeler are with the Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Johns Hopkins University. Monica Guerrero Vazquez is with Centro SOL, Baltimore, MD. Roger Clark is with the Community Research Advisory Council, Johns Hopkins University. Christine Weston is with Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University. Yvonne Bronner is with the Morgan State University School of Community Health and Policy, Baltimore, MD. Tim Rich is with Reaching Innocent Children Hearts Foundation, Baltimore, MD
| | - Cheryl R Himmelfarb
- Hailey N. Miller, Donald Young, Wura Olawole, Trinity Zhu, Samuel Byiringiro, Brittany Cook, and Cheryl R. Himmelfarb are with the Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. Sarah C. Stevens, Cyd T. Lacanienta, Tosin Tomiwa, Cassie Lewis-Land, and Anna Peeler are with the Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Johns Hopkins University. Monica Guerrero Vazquez is with Centro SOL, Baltimore, MD. Roger Clark is with the Community Research Advisory Council, Johns Hopkins University. Christine Weston is with Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University. Yvonne Bronner is with the Morgan State University School of Community Health and Policy, Baltimore, MD. Tim Rich is with Reaching Innocent Children Hearts Foundation, Baltimore, MD
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Grabe ME, Brown DK, Ochieng J, Bryden J, Robinson RD, Ahn YY, Moss A, Wang W. The Social Contagion Potential of Pro-Vaccine Messages on Black Twitter. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37994402 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2281075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Black Americans in the US not only suffered from disproportionately high hospitalization and death rates throughout the pandemic but also from the consequences of low COVID-19 vaccination rates. This pattern of disparity is linked to distrust of public health systems that originates from a history of medical atrocities committed against Black people. For that reason, mitigation of race-based inequity in COVID-19 impacts might find more success in grassroots information contagion than official public health campaigns. While Black Twitter is well-positioned as a conduit for such information contagion, little is known about message characteristics that would afford it. Here, we tested the impact of four different message frames (personalization, interactive, fear appeal, neutral) on the social contagion potential of bi-modal social media messages promoting COVID-19 vaccinations and finding personalized messages to be the most shareable. Wary of recommending personalization as the blueprint for setting a social contagion health campaign in motion, we probed further to understand the influence of individual-level variables on the communicability of personalized messages. Subsequently, regression models and focus group data were consulted, revealing that thinking styles, vaccine confidence levels, and attitudes toward social media were significant factors of influence on the contagion potential of personalized messages. We discussed the implications of these results for health campaigns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John Bryden
- Observatory on Social Media, Indiana University
| | | | | | | | - Wei Wang
- School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Wisconsin
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cénat JM, Moshirian Farahi SMM, Bakombo SM, Dalexis RD, Pongou R, Caulley L, Yaya S, Etowa J, Venkatesh V. Vaccine mistrust among Black individuals in Canada: The major role of health literacy, conspiracy theories, and racial discrimination in the healthcare system. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28738. [PMID: 37185858 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affected Black communities in Canada in terms of infection and mortality rates compared to the general population. Despite these facts, Black communities are among those with the highest level of COVID-19 vaccine mistrust (COVID-19 VM). We collected novel data to analyze the sociodemographic characteristics and factors associated with COVID-19 VM among Black communities in Canada. A survey was conducted among a representative sample of 2002 Black individuals (51.66% women) aged 14-94 years (M = 29.34; SD = 10.13) across Canada. Vaccine mistrust was assessed as the dependent variable and conspiracy theories, health literacy, major racial discrimination in healthcare settings, and sociodemographic characteristics of participants were assessed as independent variables. Those with a history of COVID-19 infection had higher COVID-19 VM score (M = 11.92, SD = 3.88) compared to those with no history of infection (M = 11.25, SD = 3.83), t (1999) = -3.85, p < 0.001. Participants who reported having experienced major racial discrimination in healthcare settings were more likely to report COVID-19 VM (M = 11.92, SD = 4.03) than those who were not (M = 11.36, SD = 3.77), t (1999) = -3.05, p = 0.002. Results also showed significant differences for age, education level, income, marital status, provinces, language, employment status, and religion. The final hierarchical linear regression showed that conspiracy beliefs (B = 0.69, p < 0.001) were positively associated with COVID-19 VM, while health literacy (B = -0.05, p = 0.002) was negatively associated with it. The mediated moderation model showed that conspiracy theories completely mediated the association between racial discrimination and vaccine mistrust (B = 1.71, p < 0.001). This association was also completely moderated by the interaction between racial discrimination and health literacy (B = 0.42, p = 0.008), indicating that despite having a high level of health literacy, those who experienced major racial discrimination in health services developed vaccine mistrust. This first study on COVID-19 VM exclusively among Black individuals in Canada provides data that can significantly impact the development of tools, trainings, strategies, and programs to make the health systems free of racism and increase their confidence in vaccination for COVID-19 and other infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jude Mary Cénat
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Black Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa Research Chair on Black Health, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Schwab Mulopo Bakombo
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rose Darly Dalexis
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roland Pongou
- Department of Economics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa Caulley
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Black Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sanni Yaya
- School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Josephine Etowa
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Black Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vivek Venkatesh
- Department of Art Education, Concordia University, Quebec, Montreal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cunningham-Erves J, George W, Stewart EC, Footman A, Davis J, Sanderson M, Smalls M, Morris P, Clarkson K, Lee O, Brandt HM. COVID-19 Vaccination: Comparison of Attitudes, Decision-Making Processes, and Communication among Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Black Americans. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3481. [PMID: 36834175 PMCID: PMC9960928 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 vaccination rates remain suboptimal among Black Americans who disproportionately experience higher hospitalization and death rates than White Americans. METHODS We conducted a multi-method (interviews and surveys) study among 30 Black Americans (n = 16 vaccinated, n = 14 unvaccinated) to explore factors related to vaccination hesitancy, decision-making processes, and communication related to uptake. Participants were recruited by using community-driven approaches, including partner collaborations. Thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data, and descriptive and bivariate analysis was used for quantitative data. RESULTS Of those unvaccinated, 79% (n = 11) stated they were delaying and 21% (n = 3) were declining vaccination indefinitely. When asked about the likelihood of vaccine initiation in 6 months and 12 months, 29% (n = 4) and 36% (n = 5), respectively, stated that they would receive the vaccine. The following themes emerged: (1) COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy exists on a continuum; (2) varied decision-making processes for COVID-19 vaccination; (3) motivators among vaccinated individuals; (4) barriers among unvaccinated individuals; (5) retrieving and navigating vaccine information within the COVID-19 infodemic; and (6) parent perspectives on child vaccination. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that vaccinated and unvaccinated participants had similar and dissimilar perspectives in decision-making processes and vaccine concerns as shown in the Decision-making Processes for the COVID-19 vaccination (DePC) model. Based on these findings, future studies should further explore how factors influencing decision-making can lead to divergent outcomes for COVID-19 vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Cunningham-Erves
- Department of Internal Medicine, Meharry Medical College, School of Medicine, 1005 Dr. D.B. Todd Jr. Blvd, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Whitney George
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville, TN 27232, USA
| | - Elizabeth C. Stewart
- Department of Internal Medicine, Meharry Medical College, School of Medicine, 1005 Dr. D.B. Todd Jr. Blvd, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Alison Footman
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jamaine Davis
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D.B. Todd Jr. Blvd, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Maureen Sanderson
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D.B. Todd Jr. Blvd, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Meredith Smalls
- Meharry Vanderbilt Alliance, 1903 Meharry Boulevard, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Phillip Morris
- Department of Internal Medicine, Meharry Medical College, School of Medicine, 1005 Dr. D.B. Todd Jr. Blvd, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Kristin Clarkson
- Congregational Health & Education Network, 1818 Albion St, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Omaran Lee
- Centers for Wellbeing, P.O. Box 330191, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Heather M. Brandt
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| |
Collapse
|